Midamble determination in a-IOT system
By determining midamble locations based on transmission duration or number in A-IoT systems, communication performance is enhanced through improved timing and channel estimation, addressing midamble determination challenges in A-IoT systems.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/085443
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-27
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-12
AI Technical Summary
Existing A-IoT systems face challenges in midamble determination, which affects communication performance, particularly in various topologies involving A-IoT devices with lower complexity and power consumption.
The method involves determining the location of midambles based on the time duration or number of data transmission parts in A-IoT communications, with the duration or number indicated in the transmission, pre-configured, or predefined, to enhance midamble determination and improve communication performance.
This approach improves communication performance in A-IoT systems by accurately positioning midambles, enhancing timing acquisition, timing tracking, and channel estimation, thereby optimizing data transmission.
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Figure CN2025085443_12022026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
MIDAMBLE DETERMINATION IN A-IOT SYSTEMTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to wireless communications, and more specifically to midamble determination in an ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) system.BACKGROUND
[0002] A wireless communications system may include one or multiple network communication devices, such as base stations (BSs) , which may be otherwise known as an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. Each network communication device, such as a base station may support wireless communications for one or multiple user communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE) , or other suitable terminology. The wireless communications system may support wireless communications with one or multiple user communication devices by utilizing resources of the wireless communication system (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) . Additionally, the wireless communications system may support wireless communications across various radio access technologies including third generation (3G) radio access technology, fourth generation (4G) radio access technology, fifth generation (5G) radio access technology, among other suitable radio access technologies beyond 5G (e.g., sixth generation (6G) ) .
[0003] A wireless communication system may include an A-IoT device, which has a lower capability in terms of complexity and power consumption. In this case, the wireless communication system may also be referred to as an A-IoT system. Multiple topologies, for example, Topologies 1 to 4, are supported for the A-IoT device. In Topology 1, the A-IoT device directly and bidirectionally communicates with a BS. In Topology 2, the A-IoT device communicates bidirectionally with an intermediate node between the A-IoT device and a BS. In Topology 3, the A-IoT device communicates uidirectionally with a BS and communicates uidirectionally with an assisting node. In Topology 4, the A-IoT device communicates bidirectionally with a UE. However, some enhancements in the A-IoT system, especially, enhancements on midamble determination in an A-IoT system considering one or more of the above topologies, are still needed.SUMMARY
[0004] The present disclosure relates to methods, apparatuses, and systems that support midamble determination in an A-IoT system. With the apparatuses and methods, it is possible to improve communication performance in the A-IoT system.
[0005] In some implementations, there is provided a first device. The first device comprises at least one memory, and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the first device to: perform a first transmission related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication to a second device; and receive, from the second device, a second transmission, wherein the second transmission comprises a plurality of data transmission parts and one or more midambles, and a location of a midamble of the one or more midambles is determined based on a time duration for the second transmission or a number of the one or more midambles.
[0006] In some implementations, there is provided a method performed by the first device. The method comprises: performing a first transmission related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication to a second device; and receiving, from the second device, a second transmission, wherein the second transmission comprises a plurality of data transmission parts and one or more midambles, and a location of a midamble of the one or more midambles is determined based on a time duration for the second transmission or a number of the one or more midambles.
[0007] In some implementations, there is provided a processor for wireless communication. The processor comprises at least one controller coupled with at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to: perform a first transmission related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication to a second device; and receive, from the second device, a second transmission, wherein the second transmission comprises a plurality of data transmission parts and one or more midambles, and a location of a midamble of the one or more midambles is determined based on a time duration for the second transmission or a number of the one or more midambles.
[0008] In some implementations of the method and the first device described herein, the time duration for the second transmission may be one of the following: indicated in the first transmission; configured or pre-configured; or pre-defined.
[0009] In some implementations of the method and the first device described herein, the number of the one or more midambles may be indicated in the first transmission.
[0010] In some implementations of the method and the first device described herein, the time duration for the second transmission may be indicated by one of the following: a time length of the time duration; a number of chips; a number of bits; a transport block size (TBS) index; or a factor associated with a TBS of the second transmission.
[0011] In some implementations of the method and the first device described herein, the first transmission may indicate a size or a total time duration of the plurality of data transmission parts, and the location of the midamble of the one or more midambles may be determined further based on the size or the total time duration of the plurality of data transmission parts.
[0012] In some implementations of the method and the first device described herein, a first data transmission part of the plurality of data transmission parts may have a time duration longer than the time duration for the second transmission, and one or more other data transmission parts of the plurality of data transmission parts may have a time duration equal to the time duration for the second transmission, and a location of the first data transmission part may be prior to one of the following: a first midamble of the one or more midambles, a second midamble of the one or more midambles, or a last midamble of the one or more midambles. In some implementations of the method and the first device described herein, the location of the first data transmission part may be one of the following: pre-defined; configured or pre-configured; or indicated in the first transmission.
[0013] In some implementations of the method and the first device described herein, the one or more midambles may correspond to one or more midamble types associated with one or more time durations for the second transmission. In some implementations of the method and the first device described herein, a plurality of midamble types comprising the one or more midamble types and a plurality of time durations for the second transmission associated with the plurality of midamble types may be configured or pre-configured or pre-defined. In some implementations of the method and the first device described herein, the one or more midamble types may be determined from the plurality of midamble types based on a size or a total time duration of the plurality of data transmissions and the one or more time durations associated with the one or more midamble types. In some implementations of the method and the first device described herein, the one or more midamble types may be indicated in the first transmission.
[0014] In some implementations of the method and the first device described herein, a data transmission part of the plurality of data transmission parts may comprise at least a first repetition and part of a second repetition within the second transmission or comprise part of a repetition within the second transmission.
[0015] In some implementations of the method and the first device described herein, the midamble may be valid within the time duration for at least one of timing acquisition, timing tracking, sampling frequency offset (SFO) estimation, and channel estimation.
[0016] In some implementations of the method and the first device described herein, the first device may comprise one of a relay, an integrated access backhaul (IAB) node, a user equipment (UE) , a repeater, or a base station (BS) , and the second device may comprise an A-IoT device or a UE.
[0017] In some implementations, there is provided a second device. The second device comprises at least one memory, and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the second device to: receive, from a first device, a first transmission related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication; and perform a second transmission to the first device, wherein the second transmission comprises a plurality of data transmission parts and one or more midambles, and a location of a midamble of the one or more midambles is determined based on a time duration for the second transmission or a number of the one or more midambles.
[0018] In some implementations, there is provided a method performed by the second device. The method comprises: receiving, from a first device, a first transmission related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication; and performing a second transmission to the first device, wherein the second transmission comprises a plurality of data transmission parts and one or more midambles, and a location of a midamble of the one or more midambles is determined based on a time duration for the second transmission or a number of the one or more midambles.
[0019] In some implementations, there is provided a processor for wireless communication. The processor comprises at least one controller coupled with at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to: receive, from a first device, a first transmission related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication; and perform a second transmission to the first device, wherein the second transmission comprises a plurality of data transmission parts and one or more midambles, and a location of a midamble of the one or more midambles is determined based on a time duration for the second transmission or a number of the one or more midambles.
[0020] In some implementations of the method and the second device described herein, the time duration for the second transmission may be one of the following: indicated in the first transmission; configured or pre-configured; or pre-defined.
[0021] In some implementations of the method and the second device described herein, the number of the one or more midambles may be indicated in the first transmission.
[0022] In some implementations of the method and the second device described herein, the time duration for the second transmission may be indicated by one of the following: a time length of the time duration; a number of chips; a number of bits; a transport block size (TBS) index; or a factor associated with a TBS of the second transmission.
[0023] In some implementations of the method and the second device described herein, the first transmission may indicate a size or a total time duration of the plurality of data transmission parts, and the location of the midamble of the one or more midambles may be determined further based on the size or the total time duration of the plurality of data transmission parts.
[0024] In some implementations of the method and the second device described herein, a first data transmission part of the plurality of data transmission parts may have a time duration longer than the time duration for the second transmission, and one or more other data transmission parts of the plurality of data transmission parts may have a time duration equal to the time duration for the second transmission, and a location of the first data transmission part may be prior to one of the following: a first midamble of the one or more midambles, a second midamble of the one or more midambles, or a last midamble of the one or more midambles. In some implementations of the method and the second device described herein, the location of the first data transmission part may be one of the following: pre-defined; configured or pre-configured; or indicated in the first transmission.
[0025] In some implementations of the method and the second device described herein, the one or more midambles may correspond to one or more midamble types associated with one or more time durations for the second transmission. In some implementations of the method and the second device described herein, a plurality of midamble types comprising the one or more midamble types and a plurality of time durations for the second transmission associated with the plurality of midamble types may be configured or pre-configured or pre-defined. In some implementations of the method and the second device described herein, the one or more midamble types may be determined from the plurality of midamble types based on a size or a total time duration of the plurality of data transmissions and the one or more time durations associated with the one or more midamble types. In some implementations of the method and the second device described herein, the one or more midamble types may be indicated in the first transmission.
[0026] In some implementations of the method and the second device described herein, a data transmission part of the plurality of data transmission parts may comprise at least a first repetition and part of a second repetition within the second transmission or comprise part of a repetition within the second transmission.
[0027] In some implementations of the method and the second device described herein, the midamble may be valid within the time duration for at least one of timing acquisition, timing tracking, sampling frequency offset (SFO) estimation, and channel estimation.
[0028] In some implementations of the method and the second device described herein, the first device may comprise one of a relay, an integrated access backhaul (IAB) node, a user equipment (UE) , a repeater, or a base station (BS) , and the second device may comprise an A-IoT device or a UE.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0029] FIG. 1A illustrates an example of a wireless communications system that supports midamble determination in an A-IoT system in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0030] FIG. 1B illustrates an example of Topology 1 associated with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0031] FIG. 1C illustrates an example of Topology 2 associated with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0032] FIG. 1D illustrates an example of Topology 3 associated with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0033] FIG. 1E illustrates an example of Topology 4 associated with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0034] FIG. 1F illustrates another example of a wireless communications system associated with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0035] FIG. 2 illustrates an example process flow in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0036] FIGS. 3A to 3M illustrate example transmissions in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0037] FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a device that supports midamble determination in an A-IoT system in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0038] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a processor that supports midamble determination in an A-IoT system in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure; and
[0039] FIGS. 6 through 7 illustrate flowcharts of methods that support midamble determination in an A-IoT system in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0040] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar elements.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0041] Principles of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein may be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0042] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0043] References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “some embodiments, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment (s) described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment (s) . Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0044] It shall be understood that although the terms “first” and “second” or the like may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. For example, a first element could also be termed as a second element, and similarly, a second element could also be termed as a first element, without departing from the scope of embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.
[0045] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components, etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof.
[0046] As used herein, the term “communication network” refers to a network following any suitable communication standards, such as 5G new radio (NR) , long term evolution (LTE) , LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) , Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) , and so on. Further, the communications between a UE and a network device in the communication network may be performed according to any suitable generation communication protocols, including but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the 4G, 4.5G, the 5G communication protocols, and / or any other protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied in various communication systems. Given the rapid development in communications, there will also be future type communication technologies and systems in which the present disclosure may be embodied. It should not be seen as limiting the scope of the present disclosure to only the aforementioned systems.
[0047] As used herein, the term “network device” generally refers to a node in a communication network via which a UE can access the communication network and receive services therefrom. The network device may refer to a base station (BS) or an access point (AP) , for example, a node B (NodeB or NB) , a radio access network (RAN) node, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , an NR NB (also referred to as a gNB) , a Remote Radio Unit (RRU) , a radio header (RH) , an infrastructure device for a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, a transmission and reception point (TRP) , a reception point (RP) , a remote radio head (RRH) , a relay, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a low power node such as a femto a base station (BS) , a pico BS, and so forth, depending on the applied terminology and technology. The network device may further refer to a network function (NF) in the core network, for example, a service management function (SMF) , an access and mobility management function (AMF) , a policy control function (PCF) , a user plane function (UPF) or devices with the same function in future network architectures, and so forth.
[0048] As used herein, the term “user equipment (UE) ” generally refers to any end device that may be capable of wireless communications. By way of example rather than a limitation, a UE may also be referred to as a communication device, a terminal device, an end user device, a subscriber station (SS) , an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) , a portable subscriber station, a mobile station (MS) , or an access terminal (AT) . The UE may include, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, a cellular phone, a smart phone, a voice over IP (VoIP) phone, a wireless local loop phone, a tablet, a wearable UE, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a portable computer, a desktop computer, an image capture UE such as a digital camera, a gaming UE, a music storage and playback appliance, a vehicle-mounted wireless UE, a wireless endpoint, a mobile station, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE) , laptop-mounted equipment (LME) , a USB dongle, a smart device, wireless customer-premises equipment (CPE) , an Internet of Things (loT) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (HMD) , a vehicle, a drone, a medical device (for example, a remote surgery device) , an industrial device (for example, a robot and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or an automated processing chain contexts) , a consumer electronics device, a device operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, and the like. In the following description, the terms: “UE, ” “communication device, ” “terminal, ” and “UE, ” may be used interchangeably.
[0049] As used herein, the term “A-IoT device” refers to a device without batteries or with limited energy storage capabilities. For the A-IoT device, energy is provided by harvesting radio waves, light, motion, heat, or any other suitable source. The A-IoT device can also be called a zero-power terminal, a near-zero power terminal, a passive IoT device, an ambient backscatter communication (AmBC) device, a tag, etc. Compared with low-power and wide-coverage services, such as narrow band (NB) IoT, and enhanced machine type communication (eMTC) , A-IoT has lower complexity and lower power consumption, and is suitable for more application scenarios. For example, the A-IoT device may comprise a UE.
[0050] As used herein, the term “device-to-reader (D2R) transmission” refers to a transmission initiated by an A-IoT device and transmitted to a reader (such as a BS, an intermediate node, an assisting node, or a UE) . As used herein, the term “reader-to-device (R2D) transmission” refers to a transmission initiated by a reader and transmitted to an A-IoT device.
[0051] Principles and implementations of embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the figures.
[0052] FIG. 1A illustrates an example of a wireless communications system (or referred to as a communication network) 100 that supports midamble determination in an A-IoT system in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more network entities 102 (also referred to as network equipment) , one or more UEs 104, a core network 106, and a packet data network 108. The wireless communications system 100 may support various radio access technologies. In some implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 4G network, such as an LTE network or an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network. In some other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 5G network, such as an NR network. In other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a combination of a 4G network and a 5G network, or other suitable radio access technology including Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20. The wireless communications system 100 may support radio access technologies beyond 5G. Additionally, the wireless communications system 100 may support technologies, such as time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , or code division multiple access (CDMA) , etc.
[0053] The one or more network entities 102 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region to form the wireless communications system 100. One or more of the network entities 102 described herein may be or include or may be referred to as a network node, a base station, a network element, a radio access network (RAN) , a base transceiver station, an access point, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. A network entity 102 and a UE 104 may communicate via a communication link 110, which may be a wireless or wired connection. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may perform wireless communication (e.g., receive signaling, transmit signaling) over a Uu interface.
[0054] A network entity 102 may provide a geographic coverage area 112 for which the network entity 102 may support services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) for one or more UEs 104 within the geographic coverage area 112. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may support wireless communication of signals related to services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) according to one or multiple radio access technologies. In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be moveable, for example, a satellite associated with a non-terrestrial network. In some implementations, different geographic coverage areas 112 associated with the same or different radio access technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas 112 may be associated with different network entities 102. Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0055] The one or more UEs 104 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region of the wireless communications system 100. A UE 104 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a remote unit, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 104 may be referred to as an Internet-of-Things (IoT) device, an Internet-of-Everything (IoE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, among other examples. In some implementations, a UE 104 may be stationary in the wireless communications system 100. In some other implementations, a UE 104 may be mobile in the wireless communications system 100.
[0056] The one or more UEs 104 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some examples of UEs 104 are illustrated in FIG. 1A. A UE 104 may be capable of communicating with various types of devices, such as the network entities 102, other UEs 104, or network equipment (e.g., the core network 106, the packet data network 108, a relay device, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, or another network equipment) , as shown in FIG. 1A. Additionally, or alternatively, a UE 104 may support communication with other network entities 102 or UEs 104, which may act as relays in the wireless communications system 100.
[0057] A UE 104 may also be able to support wireless communication directly with other UEs 104 over a communication link 114. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link. In some implementations, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) deployments, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) deployments, or cellular-V2X deployments, the communication link 114 may be referred to as a sidelink. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a PC5 interface.
[0058] A network entity 102 may support communications with the core network 106, or with another network entity 102, or both. For example, a network entity 102 may interface with the core network 106 through one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) . The network entities 102 may communicate with each other over the backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an X2, Xn, or another network interface) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other directly (e.g., between the network entities 102) . In some other implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 106) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 may include subcomponents, such as an access network entity, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC) . An ANC may communicate with the one or more UEs 104 through one or more other access network transmission entities, which may be referred to as radio heads, smart radio heads, or transmission-reception points (TRPs) .
[0059] In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be configured in a disaggregated architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically distributed among two or more network entities 102, such as an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) . For example, a network entity 102 may include one or more of a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a radio unit (RU) , a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) (e.g., a Near-Real Time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a Non-Real Time RIC (Non-RT RIC) ) , a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) system, or any combination thereof.
[0060] An RU may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , or a transmission reception point (TRP) . One or more components of the network entities 102 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 102 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) , a virtual DU (VDU) , a virtual RU (VRU) ) .
[0061] Split of functionality between a CU, a DU, and an RU may be flexible and may support different functionalities depending upon which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, radio frequency functions, and any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU, a DU, or an RU. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU and a DU such that the CU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some implementations, the CU may host upper protocol layer (e.g., a layer 3 (L3) , a layer 2 (L2) ) functionality and signaling (e.g., radio resource control (RRC) , service data adaption protocol (SDAP) , Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) ) . The CU may be connected to one or more DUs or RUs, and the one or more DUs or RUs may host lower protocol layers, such as a layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or an L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, MAC layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU.
[0062] Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU and an RU such that the DU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or more RUs) . In some implementations, a functional split between a CU and a DU, or between a DU and an RU may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU, a DU, or an RU, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU, the DU, or the RU) .
[0063] A CU may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU may be connected to one or more DUs via a midhaul communication link (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u) , and a DU may be connected to one or more RUs via a fronthaul communication link (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface) . In some implementations, a midhaul communication link or a fronthaul communication link may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities 102 that are in communication via such communication links.
[0064] The core network 106 may support user authentication, access authorization, tracking, connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 106 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) , or a 5G core (5GC) , which may include a control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management functions (AMF) ) and a user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . In some implementations, the control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management (e.g., data bearers, signal bearers, etc. ) for the one or more UEs 104 served by the one or more network entities 102 associated with the core network 106.
[0065] The core network 106 may communicate with the packet data network 108 over one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) . The packet data network 108 may include an application server 118. In some implementations, one or more UEs 104 may communicate with the application server 118. A UE 104 may establish a session (e.g., a protocol data unit (PDU) session, or the like) with the core network 106 via a network entity 102. The core network 106 may route traffic (e.g., control information, data, and the like) between the UE 104 and the application server 118 using the established session (e.g., the established PDU session) . The PDU session may be an example of a logical connection between the UE 104 and the core network 106 (e.g., one or more network functions of the core network 106) .
[0066] In the wireless communications system 100, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may use resources of the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) ) to perform various operations (e.g., wireless communications) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different resource structures. For example, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different frame structures. In some implementations, such as in 4G, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support a single frame structure. In some other implementations, such as in 5G and among other suitable radio access technologies, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures (i.e., multiple frame structures) . The network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures based on one or more numerologies.
[0067] One or more numerologies may be supported in the wireless communications system 100, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing and a cyclic prefix. A first numerology (e.g., μ=0) may be associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. In some implementations, the first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with the first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may utilize one slot per subframe. A second numerology (e.g., μ=1) may be associated with a second subcarrier spacing (e.g., 30 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A third numerology (e.g., μ=2) may be associated with a third subcarrier spacing (e.g., 60 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix or an extended cyclic prefix. A fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) may be associated with a fourth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 120 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A fifth numerology (e.g., μ=4) may be associated with a fifth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 240 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix.
[0068] A time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to frames (also referred to as radio frames) . Each frame may have a duration, for example, a 10 millisecond (ms) duration. In some implementations, each frame may include multiple subframes. For example, each frame may include 10 subframes, and each subframe may have a duration, for example, a 1 ms duration. In some implementations, each frame may have the same duration. In some implementations, each subframe of a frame may have the same duration.
[0069] Additionally or alternatively, a time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to slots. For example, a subframe may include a number (e.g., quantity) of slots. The number of slots in each subframe may also depend on the one or more numerologies supported in the wireless communications system 100. For instance, the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth numerologies (i.e., μ=0, μ=1, μ=2, μ=3, μ=4) associated with respective subcarrier spacings of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, and 240 kHz may utilize a single slot per subframe, two slots per subframe, four slots per subframe, eight slots per subframe, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. Each slot may include a number (e.g., quantity) of symbols (e.g., OFDM symbols) . In some implementations, the number (e.g., quantity) of slots for a subframe may depend on a numerology. For a normal cyclic prefix, a slot may include 14 symbols. For an extended cyclic prefix (e.g., applicable for 60 kHz subcarrier spacing) , a slot may include 12 symbols. The relationship between the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per subframe, and the number of slots per frame for a normal cyclic prefix and an extended cyclic prefix may depend on a numerology. It should be understood that reference to a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may be used interchangeably between subframes and slots.
[0070] In the wireless communications system 100, an electromagnetic (EM) spectrum may be split, based on frequency or wavelength, into various classes, frequency bands, frequency channels, etc. By way of example, the wireless communications system 100 may support one or multiple operating frequency bands, such as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz –7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz –52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz –24.25 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz –114.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz –71 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz –300 GHz) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may perform wireless communications over one or more of the operating frequency bands. In some implementations, FR1 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for cellular communications traffic (e.g., control information, data) . In some implementations, FR2 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for short-range, high data rate capabilities.
[0071] FR1 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least three numerologies) . For example, FR1 may be associated with a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) , which includes 15 kHz subcarrier spacing; a second numerology (e.g., μ=1) , which includes 30 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing. FR2 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least 2 numerologies) . For example, FR2 may be associated with a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) , which includes 120 kHz subcarrier spacing.
[0072] Reference is made to FIGS. 1B to 1E to give example illustrations of the above Topologies 1 to 4. Reference is first made to FIG. 1B, which illustrates an example of Topology 1 associated with aspects of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 1B, in Topology 1, an A-IoT device 121 communicates with a BS 122 directly and bi-directionally. The communication between the BS 122 and the A-IoT device 121 includes A-IoT data and / or signalling. This topology includes a possibility of a transmission from the BS 122 to the A-IoT device 121 and a different possibility of a transmission from the A-IoT device 121 to the BS 122.
[0073] FIG. 1C illustrates an example of Topology 2 associated with aspects of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 1C, in Topology 2, an A-IoT device 131 communicates bidirectionally with an intermediate node 132 between the A-IoT device 131 and base station 133. In this topology, the intermediate node 132 may be a relay node, an IAB node, a UE, a repeater, etc., which is capable of A-IoT. The intermediate node 132 transfers A-IoT data and / or signalling between the BS 133 and the A-IoT device 131.
[0074] Topology 3 may comprise two topology types, i.e., Topology 3A and Topology 3B. FIG. 1D illustrates an example of Topology 3 with a topology type of 3B associated with aspects of the present disclosure. In Topology 3B, an A-IoT device 141 receives data / signalling from a BS 142 and transmits data / signalling to an assisting node 143. In this topology, the assisting node 143 may be a relay, IAB, UE, repeater, etc. which is capable of A-IoT. For Topology 3A, the example illustration of FIG. 1D also applies, only with the difference that it has the opposite direction of the A-IoT data / signaling. In Topology 3A, an A-IoT device 141 transmits data / signalling to a BS 142, and receives data / signalling from an assisting node 143.
[0075] FIG. 1E illustrates an example of Topology 4 associated with aspects of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 1E, in Topology 4, an A-IoT device 151 communicates bidirectionally with a UE 152. The communication between the UE 152 and the A-IoT device 151 includes A-IoT data and / or signalling.
[0076] The above communicate devices involved in Topologies 1 to 4 with reference to FIG. 1B to FIG. 1E may be implemented by devices involved in the wireless communications system 100 as described herein with reference to FIG. 1A. For example, the BS 122, the BS 133, or the BS 142 may be implemented by the base station 102 in FIG. 1A. For example, the BS intermediate node 132 (when implemented by a UE) , the assisting node 143 (when implemented by a UE) , or the UE 152 may be implemented by the UE 104 in FIG. 1A.
[0077] FIG. 1F illustrates another example of a wireless communications system 160 associated with aspects of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 1F, the wireless communications system 160 may comprise a first device 161 and a second device 162.
[0078] To transmit data and / or control information, the first device 161 and the second device 162 may perform communications. The communication between the first device 161 and the second device 162 may be direct or indirect. The first device 161 and / or the second device 162 may communicate with one or more further devices not shown in FIG. 1F.
[0079] In some embodiments for Topoloty 1 with reference to FIG. 1B, the first device 161 may comprise the BS 122, and the second device 162 may comprise the A-IoT device 121. In some embodiments for Topoloty 2 with reference to FIG. 1C, the first device 161 may comprise the intermediate node 132, and the second device 162 may comprise the A-IoT device 131. In some embodiments for Topoloty 3A and Topoloty 3B with reference to FIG. 1D, the first device 161 may comprise the BS 142 or the assisting node 143, and the second device 162 may comprise the A-IoT device 141. In some embodiments for Topoloty 4 with reference to FIG. 1E, the first device 161 may comprise the UE 152, and the second device 162 may comprise the A-IoT device 151.
[0080] It is to be understood that the particular number of various communication devices and the particular number of various communication links as shown in FIG. 1F is for illustration purposes only without suggesting any limitations. The communications system 160 may include any suitable number of communication devices and any suitable number of communication links for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. In addition, it should be appreciated that there may be various wireless as well as wireline communications (if needed) among all of the communication devices.
[0081] In the technical specification (TS) 38.769, the necessity of a midamble has been studied at least for the purpose of performing timing / frequency tracking, channel estimation, or interference estimation. The study has analysed the trade-offs among the following D2R amble (s) options: Option 1: D2R preamble only Option 2: D2R preamble + X midamble (s) , where X≥1 Option 3: D2R preamble + postamble Option 4: D2R preamble + Y midamble (s) + postamble, where Y≥1
[0082] In radio access network (RAN) workgroup 1 (RAN1) #120, an agreement for a D2R preamble has been made as follows: – For D2R preamble design, the functionalities of timing acquisition, SFO estimation / time tracking, and channel estimation should be supported – For D2R midamble design, the functionalities of SFO estimation / time tracking and channel estimation should be supported ○ D2R midamble can be transmitted at the end of the PDRCH transmission. If it is at the end, it is not designed for being used for indicating the end of PDRCH transmission ○ FFS: condition (s) and / or indication where the D2R midamble is present or not
[0083] However, as of now, threre is no efficient approach to support the midamble design for a D2R transmission in the A-IoT system. It is necessary to specify the allocation and indication method for the D2R midamble. In view of the above, how to support the midamble location determination and support the necessary indication (s) and mechanism (s) for the midamble determination in the A-IoT system is still an open issue to be solved. For example, how to allocate, determine, and / or indicate the location of the midamble among the D2R tranmission at the reader side may need to be considered. As another example, how to determine the location of the midamble at the A-IoT device side, for example, based on the indication from the reader may also need to be considered.
[0084] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution to resolve the above issue that occurred in the A-IoT communication system or any other applicable issue that the solution can solve. In one aspect of the solution of the present disclosure, a first device (for example, a reader) performs a first transmission related to A-IoT communication to a second device (for example, an A-IoT device) . Moreover, the first device receives, from the second device, a second transmission. The second transmission comprises a plurality of data transmission parts and one or more midambles. A location of a midamble of the one or more midambles is determined based on a time duration for the second transmission or the number of the one or more midambles.
[0085] By allowing the location of a midamble of the one or more midambles to be determined based on the time duration for the second transmission or the number of the one or more midambles, this solution can implement efficient midamble determination in the A-IoT system. In this way, it is possible to improve communication performance in the A-IoT system.
[0086] Reference is first made to FIG. 2, which illustrates an example process flow 200 in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the processes 200 will be described with reference to FIG. 1F. It is to be understood that the steps and the order of the steps in FIG. 2 are merely for illustration, and not for limitation. It is to be understood that the process 200 may further include additional blocks not shown and / or omit some shown blocks, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0087] As shown in FIG. 2, the first device 161 performs (205) a transmission (also referred to as a first transmission or an R2D transmission) related to A-IoT communication to the second device 162. The second device 162 receives the first transmission from the first device 161 accordingly. The first transmission may schedule another transmission (also referred to as a second transmission or a D2R transmission) from the second device 162 to the first device 161. Then, the second device 162 performs (210) the second transmission to the first device 161. The first device 161 receives the second transmission from the second device 162 accordingly. The second transmission may comprise a plurality of data transmission parts (also referred to as a plurality of data transmission segments, or collectively referred to as data transmission in the second transmission) and one or more midambles. The second transmission may be divided into the plurality of data transmission parts based on the one or more midambles.
[0088] In some embodiments, the one or more midambles may correspond to one or more midamble types. In some implementations, the one or more midambles may correspond to one midamble type. In this case, only one midamble type is supported or defined. In some other implementations, if the second transmission comprises multiple midambles, the multiple midambles may correspond to multiple midamble types. In this case, more than one midamble type may be supported or defined to improve the midamble use flexibility.
[0089] The determination of a location of a midamble of the one or more midambles may be performed in a variety of approaches. Considering whether one midamble type or multiple midamble types are supported or defined, the implementations of the midamble location determination may be different. Discussions are first made to discuss the case where the one or more midambles correspond to one midamble type.
[0090] In some embodiments, a location of a midamble of the one or more midambles may be determined based on a time duration (also referred to as a specific time duration) for the second transmission. The (specific) time duration for the second transmission may correspond to an effective period of the midamble’s operation. The midamble transmission with the (specific) time duration may ensure that a data transmission adjacent to (for example, before or after) the midamble can be efficiently handled at the reception side. For example, the midamble may be valid within the (specific) time duration for at least one of timing acquisition, timing tracking, SFO estimation, and channel estimation. In other words, within the (specific) time duration, one or more of timing acquisition, SFO estimation, time tracking, and channel estimation can be completed effectively based on the midamble. The duration of each data transmission part may need to be kept no longer than the (specific) time duration to ensure one or more of the timing acquisition efficiency, timing trackingefficiency, SFO estimation efficiency, and channel estimation efficiency of the midamble (s) are optimized.
[0091] In some embodiments, the first transmission may indicate a size or a total time duration of the plurality of data transmission parts (i.e., a size or a total time duration of the data transmission in the second transmission, or in other words, a size or a total time duration of the second transmission not including the preamble / midamble) . The location of the midamble of the one or more midambles may be determined based on the (specific) time duration for the second transmission and based on the size or the total time duration of the data transmission in the second transmission.
[0092] For example, the time duration for the second transmission may be configured or pre-configured. In this case, the first device 161 may (pre) configure the (specific) time duration for the second transmission (i.e., for the D2R data transmission) . In this case, the first device 161 may indicate, in the first transmission, the size or total time duration of the data transmission in the second transmission to the second device 162, and the second device 162 may determine the time duration for the second transmission based on the (pre-) configuration. Then, based on the indicated size or total time duration of the data transmission in the second transmission and the (pre-) configured time duration for the second transmission, the midamble location may be determined.
[0093] As another example, the time duration for the second transmission may be pre-defined. In this case, the (specific) time duration for the second transmission may be obtained from the specification. In this case, the first device 161 may indicate the size or total time duration of the data transmission in the second transmission to the second device 162 in the first transmission and the second device 162 may obtain the pre-defined time duration for the second transmission. Then, based on the indicated size or total time duration of the data transmission in the second transmission and the pre-defined time duration for the second transmission, the midamble location may be determined.
[0094] As a further example, the time duration for the second transmission may be indicated from the first device 161 to the second device 162 in the first transmission. In this case, the first device 161 may indicate, in the first transmission, the size or total time duration of the data transmission in the second transmission and the (specific) time duration for the second transmission to the second device 162. Then, based on the indicated size or total time duration of the data transmission in the second transmission and the indicated time duration for the second transmission, the midamble location may be determined.
[0095] In some embodiments, the (specific) time duration for the second transmission may be indicated in multiple ways. Some examples for indicating the (specific) time duration for the second transmission will be discussed respectively.
[0096] For example, the (specific) time duration for the second transmission may be indicated by a time length of the (specific) time duration. As an example implementation, the (specific) time duration may be indicated by the time length in units of ms. For instance, the (specific) time duration corresponding to the midamble (s) may be (pre) -configured / predefined / indicated as 100ms or 200ms.
[0097] As another example, the (specific) time duration for the second transmission may be indicated by the number (for example, a certain number) of chips. In this case, the second device 162 may determine the (specific) time duration for the second transmission based on the indicated chip duration and the number of chips.
[0098] As a further example, the (specific) time duration for the second transmission may be indicated by the number of bits. Some example implementations are given as follows.
[0099] As an example implementation, the (specific) time duration for the second transmission may be indicated by a transport block size (TBS) index. In this case, the (specific) time duration for the second transmission may be indicated using a raw bit. This may be done by reusing the index from the TBS table. As an embodiment, the total transmission bits of the second transmission may be indicated as the TBS index 7 representing 960 bits, and another TBS index (such as TBS index 3 representing 120 bits) may be used to indicate the transmission bits between two midambles (that is, the (specific time duration) for the second transmission) . In this way, it is possible to reduce indication information overhead.
[0100] As another example implementation, the (specific) time duration for the second transmission may be indicated by a factor associated with a TBS of the second transmission. For instance, the (specific) time duration for the second transmission may be determined based on the TBS indication for the data transmission in the second transmission (i.e, the TBS of the second transmission) and the factor. In other words, the (specific) time duration for the second transmission may be determined by scaling the TBS of the second transmission based on the factor. For example, the factor may be indicated in the R2D control / data transmission in the first transmission, for example, using a 2-bit field, a 3-bit field, a 4-bit field, etc. In this way, it is possible to reduce indication information overhead. The following Table 1 and Table 2 show two factor indication examples. Here the length of the indication for the factor may be different depending on different TBS sizes of the second transmission. For example, if the TBS of the second transmission is larger than a threshold, e.g., 500bits, Table 2 may be used and the factor field may use 3bits; else if the TBS of the second transmission is less than a threshold, e.g., 500bits, Table 1 may be used and the factor field may use 2bits. Taking Table 2 as an example to discuss an example embodiment, for example, the total transmission bits of the second transmission may be indicated as the TBS index 7 representing 960 bits, and a factor associated with the TBS of the second transmission may be indicated to determine the transmission bits between two midambles (that is, the (specific time duration) for the second transmission) . For example, the indication for the factor may comprise a value “000” to indicate that the factor is 1 / 8, such that the transmission bits between two midambles may be determined as 120 bits. Table 1: 2-bit indication for the factor Table 2: 3-bit indication for the factor
[0101] In some embodiments, a location of a midamble of the one or more midambles may be determined based on the number of the one or more midambles. In this case, the first device 161 may schedule the second transmission and indicate, in the first transmission, the number of the one or more midambles to be included within the second transmission. The second device 162 may then determine the location (s) of the midamble (s) based on the indicated number of the one or more midambles.
[0102] FIG. 3A illustrates an example second transmission. For example, the indicated D2R data transmission (not including preamble / midamble (s) ) may be set as 400 bits or 208.32 milliseconds. The midamble duration may be 32 bits or 16.67 milliseconds. For example, it may be assumed that the cyclic redundancy check (CRC) may be included as part of the data transmission within the second transmission. As an example implementation, the (specific) time duration for the second transmission may be (pre-) configured / pre-defined / indicated as 100 bits or 52.08 milliseconds. In this case, the locations of the midambles may be determined based on the (pre-) configured / pre-defined / indicated (specific) time duration and the size or total time duration of the data transmission in the second transmission. As another example, the number of midambles included in the second transmission may be indicated as 3. In this case, the locations of the midambles may be determined based on the indicated number of midambles and the size or total time duration of the data transmission in the second transmission.
[0103] In some embodiments, by dividing the data transmission in the second transmission based on the (specific) time duration for the second transmission, a data transmission part of the plurality of data transmission parts may have a time duration shorter than the (specific) time duration for the second transmission, and one or more other data transmission parts of the plurality of data transmission parts may have a time duration equal to the time duration for the second transmission. In this case, the data transmission part with the shorter time duration may be considered as or referred to as an excessive data transmission part.
[0104] FIG. 3B illustrates an example second transmission. In this case, the excessive data transmission part is placed at the end of the second transmission without placing a midamble preceding the excessive data transmission part, such that the data transmission part after the last midamble has a time duration longer than the (specific) time duration for the second transmission. Exceeding this limit may lead to a higher likelihood of timing tracking errors, which in turn reduces the success rate of decoding. The excessive data transmission part as shown in FIG. 3B may fail to be decoded by the first device 161. In addition, the excessive data transmission part may not be decoded in isolation, hence the excessive data transmission part may result in the failure of the entire D2R transmission decoding process. To avoid this issue, the following implementations may be considered.
[0105] In some implementations, a midamble may be placed prior to the excessive data transmission part. FIG. 3C illustrates an example second transmission with the midamble placed before the excessive data transmission part.
[0106] Alternatively, appending an additional X-amble (e.g., midamble) at the end of the data transmission or adjusting the location / size of the data transmission itself may be considered. Placing the X-amble (e.g., midamble) immediately after the excessive data transmission part may help to mitigate timing tracking errors of the excessive data transmission part. FIG. 3D illustrates an example second transmission with a midamble placed immediately after the excessive data transmission part.
[0107] To further minimize the midamble payload within the second transmission, an additional (pre-) configured or predefined rule may be established for the allocation of the excessive data transmission part. For example, the excessive data transmission part may be placed between two X-ambles (for example, preamble or midamble (s) ) , with the timing tracking for the excessive data transmission part being managed by the midamble immediately following the excessive data transmission part. In this way, it is allowed to optimize the use of transmission resources and enhance the efficiency of the D2R communication process. The placement of the excessive data transmission part may be pre-defined, or (pre) -configured. Alternatively or additionally, the placement of the excessive data transmission part may be indicated in the first transmission. In this case, the first device 161 may specify which midamble is transmitted after the excessive data transmission part, for example, by indicating the location of the excessive data transmission part or midamble order index. Based on this indication, the second device 162 may then determine the precise locations for both data transmission parts and the placement of the midambles.
[0108] FIGS. 3E to 3G illustrates example second transmissions. As shown in FIG. 3E, the excessive data transmission part may positioned immediately prior to the first midamble (i.e., immediately prior to the the transmission of the first midamble) . For instance, the first device 161 and the second device 162 may agree in advance that the excessive data transmission part is positioned immediately prior to the first midamble. As another example, the midamble order index indicated from the first device 161 to the second device 162 may have a value “00” , which signifies that the excessive data transmission part is transmitted immediately before the first midamble. For example, if the size or time duration of the D2R transmission is 420 bits, the specific time duration for D2R data transmission is 100 bits, and the indicated midamble order index is “00” , the second device 162 may divide the 420 bits into segments of 120, 100, 100, and 100 bits for the second transmission.
[0109] As shown in FIG. 3F, the excessive data transmission part may positioned immediately prior to the second midamble (i.e., immediately prior to the the transmission of the second midamble) . For instance, the first device 161 and the second device 162 may agree in advance that the excessive data transmission part is positioned immediately prior to the second midamble. As another example, the midamble order index indicated from the first device 161 to the second device 162 may have a value “01” , which signifies that the excessive data transmission part is transmitted immediately before the second midamble. For example, if the size or time duration of the D2R transmission is 420 bits, the specific time duration for D2R data transmission is 100 bits, and the indicated midamble order index is “01” , the second device 162 may divide the 420 bits into segments of 100, 120, 100, and 100 bits for the second transmission.
[0110] As shown in FIG. 3G, the excessive data transmission part may positioned immediately prior to the last midamble (i.e., immediately prior to the the transmission of the last midamble) . For instance, the first device 161 and the second device 162 may agree in advance that the excessive data transmission part is positioned immediately prior to the last midamble. As another example, the midamble order index indicated from the first device 161 to the second device 162 may have a value “11” , which signifies that the excessive data transmission part is transmitted immediately before the last midamble. For example, if the size or time duration of the D2R transmission is 420 bits, the specific time duration for D2R data transmission is 100 bits, and the indicated midamble order index is “10” , the second device 162 may divide the 420 bits into segments of 100, 100, 120, and 100 bits for the second transmission.
[0111] Alternatively or additionally, if only two cases where the excessive data transmission part is placed immediately before the first midamble and before the last midamble are considered, a 1-bit field may be used to indicate the location of the excessive data transmission part. For example, the 1-bit field with a value ‘0’ may indicate that the excessive data transmission part is transmitted just before the first midamble transmission, as shown in FIG. 3E; and the 1-bit field with a value ‘1’ may indicate that the excessive data transmission part is transmitted just before the last midamble transmission, as shown in FIG. 3G. For example, if the size or time duration of the D2R transmission is 420 bits, the specific time duration for D2R data transmission is 100 bits, and the indicated 1-bit field comprises a value “0” , the second device 162 may divide the 420 bits into segments of 120, 100, 100, and 100 bits for the second transmission. As another example, if the size or time duration of the D2R transmission is 420 bits, the specific time duration for D2R data transmission is 100 bits, and the indicated 1-bit field comprises a value “1” , the second device 162 may divide the 420 bits into segments of 100, 100, 120, and 100 bits for the second transmission.
[0112] It is to be understood that the excessive data transmission part is not relocated from the end to the middle of the second transmission; instead, it is segmented by the second device 162 when dividing the data transmission of the second transmission. Thus, in other words, after dividing, a first data transmission part of the plurality of data transmission parts may have a time duration longer than the (specific) time duration for the second transmission, and one or more other data transmission parts of the plurality of data transmission parts may have a time duration equal to the time duration for the second transmission. The first data transmission part may be associated with the excessive data transmission part. The first data transmission part may be considered as having a special or longer size compared to the (specific) time duration. Thus, the above additional (pre-) configured / predefined / indicated rule related to the placement of the excessive data transmission part may be understood as equivalent to a rule that a location of the first data transmission part may be prior to one of the following: a first midamble of the one or more midambles, a second midamble of the one or more midambles, or a last midamble of the one or more midambles. The location of the first data transmission part may be pre-defined, (pre-) configured, or indicated in the first transmission.
[0113] Discussions are now made to discuss the case where the second transmission comprises one or more midambles corresponding to one or more midamble types associated with one or more (specific) time durations for the second transmission. In this case, the one or more types of midambles may correspond to the one or more (specific) time durations for the second transmission.
[0114] In some embodiments, a plurality of midamble types (also referred to as a midamble type set) comprising the one or more midamble types and a plurality of time durations for the second transmission associated with the plurality of midamble types may be configured, pre-configured, or pre-defined. The following Table 3 illustrates an example midamble type set. Table 3: an example midamble type set
[0115] In some embodiments, similar to what has been discussed for the case where the one or more midambles correspond to one midamble type, to facilitate the midamble location / type determination, the first transmission may indicate a size or a total time duration of the plurality of data transmission parts (i.e., a size or a total time duration of data transmission in the second transmission) or the number of the one or more midambles. More details related to the indication of the size or the total time duration of the data transmission in the second transmission or the number of the one or more midambles in the first transmission may be similar to what has been discussed for the case where the one or more midambles correspond to one midamble type, and for the purpose of simplification, the details will be omitted.
[0116] In some implementations, the one or more midamble types may be determined from the plurality of midamble types based on the size or total time duration of the data transmission in the second transmission and the one or more (specific) time durations associated with the one or more midamble types. In this case, the second device 162 may determine the location (s) and type (s) of the one or more midambles based on the (pre-) configured or predefined information (for example, the information regarding the midamble type set) , as well as the indicated information (for example, the size or the total time duration of the data transmission in the second transmission) . For example, the midamble type corresponding to the longest (specific) time duration may be used first, and if there is an excessive data transmission part, a further midamble type may be determined based on the size or time duration of the excessive data transmission part. In this case, no explicit indication regarding the midamble type (s) / time duration (s) to be used for the second transmission may be necessary because the first device 161 and the second device 162 may share a common understanding regarding the use of midamble type (s) based on the (specific) time duration (s) for the second data transmission. The (pre-) configured or predefined information for the midamble type set may allow both the first device 161 and the second device 162 to coordinate effectively without additional communication regarding the midamble selection.
[0117] FIG. 3H illustrates an example second transmission. In this case, for instance, based on the multiple (specific) time durations corresponding to multiple midamble types that have been (pre-) configured or predefined for the second transmission, and considering the indicated size or time duration of the data transmission in the second transmission, the second device 162 may determine to employ Midamble Type 1 and Midamble Type 4 within the second transmission.
[0118] In some implementations, the one or more midamble types to be used for the second transmission may be indicated in the first transmission. The following Table 4 illustrates an example indication field for the one or more midamble types. For example, a value of “00” , “01” , “10” , or “11” may be used to indicate Midamble Type 1, Midamble Type 2, Midamble Type 3, or Midamble Type 4 respectively. Based on the indication field, the midamble type (s) and thus the corresponding (specific) time duration (s) for the second transmission may be indicated by the first device 161 to the second device 162. The second device 162 may then determine the location (s) and type (s) of the one or more midambles based on the (pre-) configured or predefined information (for example, the information regarding the midamble type set) , as well as the indicated information (for example, the size or the total time duration of the data transmission in the second transmission and the indicated midamble type (s) / (specific) time duration (s) ) . Table 4: example indication field
[0119] FIG. 3I illustrates an example second transmission. In this case, the first device 161 may indicate Midamble Type 3 in the first transmission to the second device 162. For instance, based on the multiple (specific) time durations corresponding to multiple midambles types that have been (pre-) configured or predefined for the second transmission and considering the indicated Midamble Type 3, the second device 162 may determine to employ Midamble Type 3 within the second transmission.
[0120] In some embodiments, considering the repetition data transmissions (for example, small size packet (s) ) and the location (s) of the one or more midamble (s) , a data transmission part of the plurality of data transmission parts may comprise at least a first repetition and part of a second repetition within the second transmission or comprise part of a repetition within the second transmission only. Reference is then made to FIGS. 3J to 3M to discuss the repetition data transmissions within the second transmission.
[0121] In some implementations, as shown in FIG. 3J, some repetition data transmissions may fall short of the (specific) time duration (or a certain number of chips or bits corresponding to the (specific) time duration) . In such case, the (specific) time duration may be larger than the time duration of each repetition data transmission, if a midamble is placed after a repetition , for example, to facilitate timing tracking, the ratio of midamble (s) to D2R data transmission increases. To solve this issue, the data transmission in the second transmission may be divided based on the (specific) time duration even if a repetition may be divided into two or more data transmission parts. As shown in FIG. 3K, the first data transmission part may comprise repetition 1 and part of repetition 2, the second data transmission part may comprise part of repetition 2, repetition 3, and part of repetition 4, and the third data transmission part may comprise part of repetition 4. The first device 161 and the second device 162 may share a common understanding about this D2R data transmission method, which involves integrating the R2D data transmission according to the (specific) time duration. In this way, the ratio of midamble (s) to D2R data transmission can be reduced.
[0122] In some implementations, as shown in FIG. 3L, the (specific) time duration may be less than the time duration of each repetition data transmission. To solve this issue, the data transmission in the second transmission may be divided based on the (specific) time duration even if a repetition may be divided into two or more data transmission parts. As shown in FIG. 3M, the first data transmission part may comprise part of repetition 1, the second data transmission part may comprise part of repetition 1 and part of repetition 2, and so on. The first device 161 and the second device 162 may share a common understanding about this D2R data transmission method, which involves dividing the R2D data transmission according to the (specific) time duration.
[0123] The above common understanding may be (pre-) configured or predefined for both the first device 161 and the second device 162. Additionally, this understanding may pertain to the data transmission from the first device 161 to the second device 162, as well as the data reception by the second device 162.
[0124] According to some embodiments with reference to FIGS. 2 to 3M, it is allowed to implement efficient midamble determination in the A-IoT system, and thus facilitate efficient timing acquisition, timing tracking, SFO estimation, and / or channel estimation. In this way, it is possible to improve communication performance in the A-IoT system.
[0125] FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a device 400 that supports midamble determination in an A-IoT system in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device 400 may be an example of a first device 161 or a second device 162 as described herein. The device 400 may support wireless communication with one or more other devices in the A-IoT system or one or more other devices external to the A-IoT system. The device 400 may include components for bi-directional communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a processor 402, a memory 404, a transceiver 406, and, optionally, an I / O controller 408. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0126] The processor 402, the memory 404, the transceiver 406, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. For example, the processor 402, the memory 404, the transceiver 406, or various combinations or components thereof may support a method for performing one or more of the operations described herein.
[0127] In some implementations, the processor 402, the memory 404, the transceiver 406, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some implementations, the processor 402 and the memory 404 coupled with the processor 402 may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 402, instructions stored in the memory 404) .
[0128] For example, the processor 402 may support wireless communication at the device 400 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 402 may be configured to operable to support a means for performing a first transmission related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication to a second device; and a means for receiving, from the second device, a second transmission, wherein the second transmission comprises a plurality of data transmission parts and one or more midambles, and a location of a midamble of the one or more midambles is determined based on a time duration for the second transmission or a number of the one or more midambles. The processor 402 may be configured to operable to support a means for receiving, from a first device, a first transmission related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication; and a means for performing a second transmission to the first device, wherein the second transmission comprises a plurality of data transmission parts and one or more midambles, and a location of a midamble of the one or more midambles is determined based on a time duration for the second transmission or a number of the one or more midambles.
[0129] The processor 402 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some implementations, the processor 402 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other implementations, a memory controller may be integrated into the processor 402. The processor 402 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory 404) to cause the device 400 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.
[0130] The memory 404 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The memory 404 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 402 cause the device 400 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some implementations, the code may not be directly executable by the processor 402 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some implementations, the memory 404 may include, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
[0131] The I / O controller 408 may manage input and output signals for the device 400. The I / O controller 408 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device M02. In some implementations, the I / O controller 408 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some implementations, the I / O controller 408 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. In some implementations, the I / O controller 408 may be implemented as part of a processor, such as the processor 402. In some implementations, a user may interact with the device 400 via the I / O controller 408 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 408.
[0132] In some implementations, the device 400 may include a single antenna 410. However, in some other implementations, the device 400 may have more than one antenna 410 (i.e., multiple antennas) , including multiple antenna panels or antenna arrays, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 406 may communicate bi-directionally, via the one or more antennas 410, wired, or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 406 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 406 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 410 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 410. The transceiver 406 may include one or more transmit chains, one or more receive chains, or a combination thereof.
[0133] A transmit chain may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) . The transmit chain may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM) , frequency modulation (FM) , or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) . The transmit chain may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmit chain may also include one or more antennas 410 for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.
[0134] A receive chain may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receive chain may include one or more antennas 410 for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium. The receive chain may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA) ) configured to amplify the received signal. The receive chain may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receive chain may include at least one decoder for decoding the processing the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.
[0135] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a processor 500 that supports midamble determination in an A-IoT system in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The processor 500 may be an example of a processor configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 500 may include a controller 502 configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 500 may optionally include at least one memory 504, such as L1 / L2 / L3 cache. Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 500 may optionally include one or more arithmetic-logic units (ALUs) 506. One or more of these components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0136] The processor 500 may be a processor chipset and include a protocol stack (e.g., a software stack) executed by the processor chipset to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor chipset may include one or more cores, one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 500) or other memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , dynamic RAM (DRAM) , synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetic RAM (MRAM) , resistive RAM (RRAM) , flash memory, phase change memory (PCM) , and others) .
[0137] The controller 502 may be configured to manage and coordinate various operations (e.g., signaling, receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) of the processor 500 to cause the processor 500 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. For example, the controller 502 may operate as a control unit of the processor 500, generating control signals that manage the operation of various components of the processor 500. These control signals include enabling or disabling functional units, selecting data paths, initiating memory access, and coordinating timing of operations.
[0138] The controller 502 may be configured to fetch (e.g., obtain, retrieve, receive) instructions from the memory 504 and determine subsequent instruction (s) to be executed to cause the processor 500 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The controller 502 may be configured to track memory address of instructions associated with the memory 504. The controller 502 may be configured to decode instructions to determine the operation to be performed and the operands involved. For example, the controller 502 may be configured to interpret the instruction and determine control signals to be output to other components of the processor 500 to cause the processor 500 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, the controller 502 may be configured to manage flow of data within the processor 500. The controller 502 may be configured to control transfer of data between registers, arithmetic logic units (ALUs) , and other functional units of the processor 500.
[0139] The memory 504 may include one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor 500 or other memory, such RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc. In some implementations, the memory 504 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to the processor 500) . In some other implementations, the memory 504 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to the processor 500) .
[0140] The memory 504 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 500, cause the processor 500 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. The controller 502 and / or the processor 500 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 504 to cause the processor 500 to perform various functions. For example, the processor 500 and / or the controller 502 may be coupled with or to the memory 504, and the processor 500, the controller 502, and the memory 504 may be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the processor 500 may include multiple processors and the memory 504 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein.
[0141] The one or more ALUs 506 may be configured to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, the one or more ALUs 506 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., the processor 500) . In some other implementations, the one or more ALUs 506 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 500) . One or more ALUs 506 may perform one or more computations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on data. For example, one or more ALUs 506 may receive input operands and an operation code, which determines an operation to be executed. One or more ALUs 506 be configured with a variety of logical and arithmetic circuits, including adders, subtractors, shifters, and logic gates, to process and manipulate the data according to the operation. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more ALUs 506 may support logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR) , not-OR (NOR) , and not-AND (NAND) , enabling the one or more ALUs 506 to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.
[0142] The processor 500 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 500 may be configured to or operable to support a means for performing a first transmission related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication to a second device; and a means for receiving, from the second device, a second transmission, wherein the second transmission comprises a plurality of data transmission parts and one or more midambles, and a location of a midamble of the one or more midambles is determined based on a time duration for the second transmission or a number of the one or more midambles. The processor 500 may be configured to or operable to support a means for receiving, from a first device, a first transmission related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication; and a means for performing a second transmission to the first device, wherein the second transmission comprises a plurality of data transmission parts and one or more midambles, and a location of a midamble of the one or more midambles is determined based on a time duration for the second transmission or a number of the one or more midambles.
[0143] FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart of a method 600 that supports midamble determination in an A-IoT system in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 600 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 600 may be performed by a first device 161 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0144] At 610, the method may include performing a first transmission related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication to a second device. The operations of 610 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 610 may be performed by a first device 161 as described with reference to FIG. 1F.
[0145] At 620, the method may include receiving, from the second device, a second transmission, wherein the second transmission comprises a plurality of data transmission parts and one or more midambles, and a location of a midamble of the one or more midambles is determined based on a time duration for the second transmission or a number of the one or more midambles. The operations of 620 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 620 may be performed by a first device 161 as described with reference to FIG. 1F.
[0146] FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of a method 700 that supports midamble determination in an A-IoT system in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 700 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 700 may be performed by a second device 162 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0147] At 710, the method may include receiving, from a first device, a first transmission related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication. The operations of 710 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 710 may be performed by a second device 162 with reference to FIG. 1F.
[0148] At 720, the method may include performing a second transmission to the first device, wherein the second transmission comprises a plurality of data transmission parts and one or more midambles, and a location of a midamble of the one or more midambles is determined based on a time duration for the second transmission or a number of the one or more midambles. The operations of 720 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 720 may be performed by a second device 162 with reference to FIG. 1F.
[0149] It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible implementations, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.
[0150] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
[0151] The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
[0152] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor.
[0153] As used herein, including in the claims, an article “a” before an element is unrestricted and understood to refer to “at least one” of those elements or “one or more” of those elements. The terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” or “one or both of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on”shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. Further, as used herein, including in the claims, a “set” may include one or more elements.
[0154] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
A first device comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the first device to:perform a first transmission related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication to a second device; andreceive, from the second device, a second transmission, wherein the second transmission comprises a plurality of data transmission parts and one or more midambles, and a location of a midamble of the one or more midambles is determined based on a time duration for the second transmission or a number of the one or more midambles.The first device of claim 1,wherein the time duration for the second transmission is one of the following:indicated in the first transmission;configured or pre-configured; orpre-defined, orwherein the number of the one or more midambles is indicated in the first transmission.The first device of claim 1, wherein the time duration for the second transmission is indicated by one of the following:a time length of the time duration;a number of chips;a number of bits;a transport block size (TBS) index; ora factor associated with a TBS of the second transmission.The first device of claim 1, wherein the first transmission indicates a size or a total time duration of the plurality of data transmission parts, and the location of the midamble of the one or more midambles is determined further based on the size or the total time duration of the plurality of data transmission parts.The first device of claim 1,wherein a first data transmission part of the plurality of data transmission parts has a time duration longer than the time duration for the second transmission, and one or more other data transmission parts of the plurality of data transmission parts have a time duration equal to the time duration for the second transmission, andwherein a location of the first data transmission part is prior to one of the following: a first midamble of the one or more midambles, a second midamble of the one or more midambles, or a last midamble of the one or more midambles.The first device of claim 5, wherein the location of the first data transmission part is one of the following:pre-defined;configured or pre-configured; orindicated in the first transmission.The first device of claim 1, wherein the one or more midambles correspond to one or more midamble types associated with one or more time durations for the second transmission.The first device of claim 7, wherein a plurality of midamble types comprising the one or more midamble types and a plurality of time durations for the second transmission associated with the plurality of midamble types are configured or pre-configured or pre-defined.The first device of claim 8, wherein the one or more midamble types are determined from the plurality of midamble types based on a size or a total time duration of the plurality of data transmissions and the one or more time durations associated with the one or more midamble types.The first device of claim 8, wherein the one or more midamble types are indicated in the first transmission.The first device of claim 1, wherein a data transmission part of the plurality of data transmission parts comprises at least a first repetition and part of a second repetition within the second transmission or comprises part of a repetition within the second transmission.The first device of claim 1, wherein the midamble is valid within the time duration for at least one of timing acquisition, timing tracking, sampling frequency offset (SFO) estimation, and channel estimation.The first device of claim 1, wherein the first device comprises one of a relay, an integrated access backhaul (IAB) node, a user equipment (UE) , a repeater, or a base station (BS) , and the second device comprises an A-IoT device or a UE.A second device comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the second device to:receive, from a first device, a first transmission related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication; andperform a second transmission to the first device, wherein the second transmission comprises a plurality of data transmission parts and one or more midambles, and a location of a midamble of the one or more midambles is determined based on a time duration for the second transmission or a number of the one or more midambles.The second device of claim 14,wherein the time duration for the second transmission is one of the following:indicated in the first transmission;configured or pre-configured; orpre-defined, orwherein the number of the one or more midambles is indicated in the first transmission.The second device of claim 14, wherein the time duration for the second transmission is indicated by one of the following:a time length of the time duration;a number of chips;a number of bits;a transport block size (TBS) index; ora factor associated with a TBS of the second transmission.The second device of claim 14, wherein the first transmission indicates a size or a total time duration of the plurality of data transmission parts, and the location of the midamble of the one or more midambles is determined further based on the size or the total time duration of the plurality of data transmission parts.The second device of claim 14,wherein a first data transmission part of the plurality of data transmission parts has a time duration longer than the time duration for the second transmission, and one or more other data transmission parts of the plurality of data transmission parts have a time duration equal to the time duration for the second transmission, andwherein a location of the first data transmission part is prior to one of the following: a first midamble of the one or more midambles, a second midamble of the one or more midambles, or a last midamble of the one or more midambles.A method performed by a first device, the method comprising:performing a first transmission related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication to a second device; andreceiving, from the second device, a second transmission, wherein the second transmission comprises a plurality of data transmission parts and one or more midambles, and a location of a midamble of the one or more midambles is determined based on a time duration for the second transmission or a number of the one or more midambles.A method performed by a second device, the method comprising:receiving, from a first device, a first transmission related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication; andperforming a second transmission to the first device, wherein the second transmission comprises a plurality of data transmission parts and one or more midambles, and a location of a midamble of the one or more midambles is determined based on a time duration for the second transmission or a number of the one or more midambles.
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