Method and apparatus for failure indication in a multi-hop sidelink relay
The method enhances multi-hop sidelink relay failure indication by using PC5-S or PC5-RRC signaling to notify all relay path destinations of link failures, addressing slow detection and unclear reasons in existing systems, ensuring rapid and effective relay reconfiguration.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/111155
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-08-08
- Filing Date
- 2025-07-29
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-12
AI Technical Summary
In multi-hop sidelink relays, existing failure indication mechanisms are inadequate as relay UEs cannot effectively signal link failures to other UEs multiple hops away, leading to slow detection and unclear reasons for failures due to bad radio channel quality.
A method where relay UEs detect link failures and indicate them to all destinations on the path using PC5-S signaling or PC5-RRC signaling, including failure and path information, allowing hop-by-hop notification and enabling rapid relay reselection or link release.
Enables efficient and timely failure indication across multi-hop relays, improving relay path management by ensuring rapid detection and appropriate response to failures, even in complex network topologies.
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Figure CN2025111155_12022026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR FAILURE INDICATION IN A MULTI-HOP SIDELINK RELAYTechnical Field
[0001] The embodiments herein relate generally to the field of communication, and more particularly, the embodiments herein relate to method and apparatus for failure indication in a multi-hop sidelink relay.Background
[0002] Sidelink UE-to-Network Relay in New Radio
[0003] In clause 16.12.2.1 of 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Technical Specification (TS) TS38.300, the protocol stacks for Layer 2 (L2) User Equipment (UE) to Network (U2N) relay are described.
[0004] The protocol stacks for the user plane (UP) and control plane (CP) of L2 U2N relay architecture are illustrated in Figure 1 and Figure 2. Figure 1 is a schematic diagram showing user plane protocol stack for L2 UE-to-Network relay. Figure 2 is a schematic diagram showing control plane protocol stack for L2 UE-to-Network relay.
[0005] As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the Sidelink Relay Adaptation Protocol (SRAP) sublayer is placed above the Radio Link Control (RLC) sublayer for both CP and UP at both Direct Communications (PC5) interface and Uu interface. The Uu Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) , Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) and Radio Resource Control (RRC) are terminated between L2 U2N remote UE and next Generation Node B (gNB) , while SRAP, RLC, Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical (PHY) are terminated in each hop (i.e., the link between L2 U2N remote UE and the L2 U2N relay UE and the link between L2 U2N relay UE and the gNB) .
[0006] For L2 U2N relay, the SRAP sublayer over PC5 hop is only for the purpose of bearer mapping. The SRAP sublayer is not present over PC5 hop for relaying the L2 U2N remote UE's message on Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH) and Paging Control Channel (PCCH) . For L2 U2N remote UE's message on Signaling Radio Bearer 0 (SRB0) , the SRAP header is not present over PC5 hop, but the SRAP header is present over Uu hop for both Downlink (DL) and Uplink (UL) .
[0007] UE to network discovery
[0008] UE-to-Network relay discovery is applicable to both Layer-3 and Layer-2 UE-to-Network relay discovery for both public safety services and commercial services. The remote UE and the UE-to-Network relay UE use pre-configured or provisioned information for the relay discovery procedures.
[0009] Additional information used for the UE-to-Network relay (re) selection and connection maintenance can be advertised using a separate discovery messages of type "Relay Discovery Additional Information" . This may include for example the related system information of the UE-to-Network relay's serving cell.
[0010] Both Model A and Model B discovery are supported:
[0011] · Model A uses a single discovery protocol message (Announcement) , which can be sent by the U2N remote UE and the U2N relay UE.
[0012] · Model B uses two discovery protocol messages (Solicitation and Response) , which can be initiated by the remote UE and the relay UE.
[0013] For Relay Discovery Additional Information, only Model A discovery is used.
[0014] The mapping of Proximity based Services (ProSe) (i.e. Application IDs) to Destination Layer-2 ID (s) for sending / receiving initial signaling of discovery messages is provisioned to the UE by e.g. core Network (NW) , while the UE self-selects a Source Layer-2 ID for ProSe Discovery.
[0015] In Release (Rel) -17 single hop L2 U2N relay, upon detection of link failure (e.g., Uu Radio Link Failure (RLF) ) on the Uu hop, the L2 U2N relay UE sends a PC5-RRC signaling to the L2 U2N remote UE indicating the failure, based on which, the L2 U2N remote UE may trigger relay (re) selection. However, PC5-RRC signaling is per hop signaling as in legacy, in case of multi-hop relay (including multi-hop U2N relay and / or multi-hop U2U relay) , a relay UE detecting a link failure on a hop would not be feasible to signal or distribute the failure via the legacy PC5-RRC signaling message to other UEs (which are multiple hops away from the detecting UE) on the path.Summary
[0016] In view of the above, the embodiments herein propose method and apparatus for failure indication in a multi-hop sidelink relay.
[0017] In some embodiments, there proposes a method performed by a first wireless device in a relay path. The relay path may link a source remote wireless device to a network node or a target remote wireless device through two or more relay wireless devices. The method may comprise the step of: detecting a failure in the relay path; and transmitting a message to one or more destinations in the relay path. The message may include failure information of the detected failure and path information of the relay path.
[0018] In some embodiments, there proposes a method performed by a second wireless device for in a relay path. The relay path may link a source remote wireless device to a network node or a target remote wireless device through two or more relay wireless devices. The method may comprise the step of receiving a message transmitted to one or more destinations in the relay path, the message may include failure information of a detected failure and / or path information of the relay path; determining whether the second wireless device is one of the one or more destinations for the message, based on at least the path information; and processing the message according to the determination.
[0019] In some embodiments, there proposes a method performed by a network node. A relay path links a source remote wireless device to the network node through two or more relay wireless devices. The method comprising the step of receiving a message transmitted to one or more destinations in the relay path, the message includes failure information of a detected failure and path information of the relay path; and tearing down the path.
[0020] In some embodiments, there proposes a wireless device. The wireless device may comprise at least one processor; and a non-transitory computer readable medium coupled to the at least one processor. The non-transitory computer readable medium may contain instructions executable by the at least one processor, whereby the at least one processor may be configured to perform any of the above method related to the wireless device. In an embodiment, the wireless device may be configured as either the first wireless device or the second wireless device.
[0021] In some embodiments, there proposes a network node. The network node may comprise at least one processor; and a non-transitory computer readable medium coupled to the at least one processor. The non-transitory computer readable medium may contain instructions executable by the at least one processor, whereby the at least one processor may be configured to perform any of the above method related to the network node.
[0022] In some embodiments, there proposes a communication system. The communication system may comprise the first wireless device and the second wireless device.
[0023] In some embodiments, there proposes a computer readable medium comprising computer readable code, which when run on an apparatus, causes the apparatus to perform any of the above method.
[0024] In some embodiments, there proposes a computer readable product comprising computer readable code, which when run on an apparatus, causes the apparatus to perform any of the above method.
[0025] With the embodiments, upon detection of link failure on either the sidelink (SL) or Uu link, with the path information of the relay path, the relay UE or remote UE detecting the link failure may indicate the link failure to destinations on the path, even for multi-hop relay (including multi-hop U2N relay and / or multi-hop U2U relay) .
[0026] In some embodiments, the failure is detected in a PC5-RRC layer of a first wireless device in the relay path and indicated from the PC5-RRC layer to a PC5-Signalling (PC5-S) layer of the first wireless device. In some embodiments, the failure is detected in an Access Stratum (AS) layer of a first wireless device in the relay path and indicated from the AS layer to the Direct Communications (PC5) upper layer of the first wireless device. And yet in some embodiments, the failure is detected in a Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer of a first wireless device in the relay path and indicated from the RRC to the PC5 upper layer of the first wireless device through an AS layer of the first wireless device. Such mechanism can at least improve following two situations: one is that a relay UE detecting a link failure on a hop would not be feasible to signal or distribute the failure via the legacy PC5-RRC signaling message to other UEs which are multiple hops away from the detecting UE on the path; the other is that currently, the relay UE may use upper layer signaling e.g., PC5-SKeep alive message to detect a link failure. However, the detection may be slow since the relay UE can only detect a link failure if there is no response message for keep alive message is received from a peer UE after a timer is expired. In addition, the relay UE would not be able to know the exact reason if the failure is due to bad radio channel quality in lower layers.Brief Description of the Drawings
[0027] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein and form part of the specification, illustrate various embodiments of the present disclosure and, together with the description, further serve to explain the principles of the disclosure and to enable a person skilled in the pertinent art to make and use the embodiments disclosed herein. In the drawings, like reference numbers indicate identical or functionally similar elements, and in which:
[0028] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram showing user plane protocol stack for L2 UE-to-Network relay;
[0029] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram showing control plane protocol stack for L2 UE-to-Network relay;
[0030] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram showing a multi-hop UE to Network (U2N) relay scenario, in which the embodiments herein may be implemented;
[0031] Figure 4 is a schematic signaling chart showing the messages in a radio failure indication procedure for multi-hop sidelink relay, according to the embodiments herein;
[0032] Figure 5 is a schematic flow chart showing an example method in the first wireless device, according to the embodiments herein;
[0033] Figure 6A is a schematic flow chart showing an example method in the second wireless device, according to the embodiments herein;
[0034] Figure 6B is a schematic flow chart showing an example method in the network node, according to the embodiments herein;
[0035] Figure 7 is a schematic block diagram showing an example first wireless device, according to the embodiments herein;
[0036] Figure 8A is a schematic block diagram showing an example second wireless device, according to the embodiments herein;
[0037] Figure 8B is a schematic block diagram showing an example network node, according to the embodiments herein;
[0038] Figure 9 is a schematic block diagram showing an example communication system, according to the embodiments herein.Detailed Description of Embodiments
[0039] Embodiments herein will be described in detail hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which embodiments are shown. These embodiments herein may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein. The elements of the drawings are not necessarily to scale relative to each other.
[0040] Reference to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. Thus, the appearances of the phrase “in an embodiment” appearing in various places throughout the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment.
[0041] The term "A, B, or C" used herein means "A" or "B" or "C" ; the term "A, B, and C" used herein means “A” and “B” and “C” ; the term “A, B, and / or C” used herein means “A” , “B” , “C” , “A and B” , “A and C” , “B and C” or “A, B, and C” .
[0042] The term "Radio Access Network (RAN) node" is used which can be a network node or a User Equipment (UE) . Examples of network nodes are NodeB, base station (BS) , multi-standard radio (MSR) radio node such as MSR BS, eNodeB, gNodeB, Master eNodeB (MeNB) , Secondary eNodeB (SeNB) , Location Measurement Unit (LMU) , Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) node, network controller, Radio Network Controller (RNC) , Base Station Controller (BCS) , relay, IAB, repeater, donor node controlling relay, Base Transceiver Station (BTS) , Central Unit (e.g. in a gNB) , Distributed Unit (e.g. in a gNB) , Baseband Unit, Centralized Baseband, Centralized RAN (C-RAN) , Access Point (AP) , transmission points, transmission nodes, Transmission Reception Point (TRP) , Remote Radio Unit (RRU) , Remote Radio Head (RRH) , nodes in Distributed Antenna System (DAS) , core network node (e.g., Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) , Mobility Management Entity (MME) etc) , Operations and Maintenance (O&M) , Operation Support System (OSS) , Self-Organizing Network (SON) , positioning node (e.g. Evolved Serving Mobile Location Center (E-SMLC) ) , etc.
[0043] The methods and apparatuses herein are described by referring to the New Radio (NR) Radio Access Technology (RAT) , but can be also applicable to Long Term Evolution (LTE) RAT and any other RAT enabling direct communication between two (or more) nearby devices.
[0044] Furthermore, "RM UE" may be the remote UE that is able to transmit / receive packet from / to the gNB via one or more intermediate mobile terminals (UE to NW relay UE) . The one or more intermediate mobile terminals may be referred herein as RL UEs.
[0045] The link or radio link over which the signals are transmitted between at least two UEs for Device to Device (D2D) operation may be referred herein as the side link (SL) . The signals transmitted between the UEs for D2D operation may be referred herein as SL signals. The term SL may also interchangeably be referred as D2D link, Vehicle to everything (V2X) link, Proximity Service (ProSe) link, peer-to-peer link, PC5 link etc. The SL signals may also interchangeably be referred as V2X signals, D2D signals, ProSe signals, PC5 signals, peer-to-peer signals etc.
[0046] The RM UE is assumed to be currently directly connected to the gNB or connected via a L2 RL UE, i.e., the RM UE is visible to both RAN and core NW.
[0047] The terms “direct connection” or “direct path” are used to stand for a connection between a UE and a gNB, while the terms “indirect connection” or “indirect path” are used to stand for a connection between a remote UE and gNB via a relay UE. In addition, the term “path switch” is used when the remote UE changes between two paths (i.e., two direct paths, two indirect paths, or one direct path and one indirect path) .
[0048] The embodiments herein are applicable to multi-hop relay scenarios including multi-hop U2N Relay and multi-hop U2U Relay.
[0049] The term "path information" used herein means the information related to the path, which may be the path between a remote UE to the Network in multi-hop U2N Relay or the path between a remote UE to a peer remote UE in multi-hop U2U Relay. The path information may include both the routing information (such as the information related to involved UEs and network node) and the hop information (such as the hop count) .
[0050] The term "upper layer" used herein means the layer higher than the Access Stratum (AS) , or means non-Access Stratum layer.
[0051] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram showing a multi-hop UE to Network (U2N) relay scenario, in which the embodiments herein may be implemented. As shown in Figure 3, a source remote wireless device (e.g., UE 301) may link to a network node (e.g., gNB) 306 through two or more relay wireless devices (e.g., UEs 302, 303, 304, 305) . Note that, the embodiments may be also applicable to U2U relay, i.e., the gNB 306 in Figure 3 may be replaced as a peer remote UE.
[0052] Currently, in Rel-17 single hop L2 U2N Relay, upon detection of link failure (e.g., Uu RLF) on the Uu hop, the L2 U2N Relay UE sends a PC5-RRC signaling to the L2 U2N Remote UE indicating the failure, based on which, the L2 U2N Remote UE may trigger relay (re) selection. However, the current PC5-RRC signaling is per hop signaling as in legacy, in case of multi-hop Relay as shown in Figure 3, a relay UE (e.g., UE 303) detecting a link failure on a hop would not be feasible to signal or distribute the failure via the legacy PC5-RRC signaling message to other UEs (e.g., UE 301) which are multiple hops away from the detecting UE (e.g., UE 303) on the path.
[0053] Currently, the relay UE (e.g., UE 303) may use upper layer signaling e.g., PC5-SKeep alive message to detect a link failure. However, the detection may be slow since the relay UE (e.g., UE 303) can only detect a link failure if there is no response message for keep alive message is received from a peer UE after a timer is expired. In addition, the relay UE (e.g., UE 303) would not be able to know the exact reason if the failure is due to bad radio channel quality in lower layers.
[0054] In view of deficiencies with the current failure indication procedure, the embodiments propose a solution in which upon detection of link failure on either the sidelink (SL) or Uu link, the relay UE or remote UE detecting the link failure may indicate the link failure to all of destinations on the path, even for multi-hop relay (including multi-hop U2N relay and / or multi-hop U2U relay) .
[0055] Figure 4 is a schematic signaling chart showing the messages in a radio failure indication procedure for multi-hop sidelink relay, according to the embodiments herein.
[0056] Figure 4 may be used into the multi-hop relay scenario in Figure 3, where a remote UE 301 has established a relay path comprising multiple relay UEs (two or more UEs) such as UEs 302, 303, 304, 305 towards a target node (e.g., a gNB 306 or another peer UE) . In an example, the relay path may include the remote UE 301, multiple relay UEs (such as UEs 302, 303, 304, 305) and the target node (e.g., a gNB 306 or another peer UE) .
[0057] One of the UEs (i.e., either a remote UE 301 or a relay UE 303) may detect a link failure (also referred as link event, hop failure, hop event) . The UE which detect the link failure may be referred as detecting UE or triggering UE.
[0058] The detected failure or event may comprise one of the below events:
[0059] 1) (sidelink) Radio link failure
[0060] 2) Handover / cell change
[0061] 3) Congestion
[0062] 4) warning message
[0063] 5) Risk of QoS satisfaction degradation, i.e., performance in QoS metrics including delay, packet loss, or transmission reliability is degraded, therefore, QoS requirements may be not fulfilled.
[0064] As shown in Figure 4, the hop between the relay UE 303 and relay UE 304 may be failed, and the relay UE 303 may detect such failure, and then the detecting UE (i.e., the UE 303) may informs one or more destinations (such as other UE (s) or gNB) on the path using one of the below signaling.
[0065] Upper layer signaling based failure indication
[0066] In some embodiments, the AS layer (e.g., PC5-RRC, PDCP, RLC or MAC layer) of the detecting UE 303 may indicate the detected events to the PC5-S signaling layer of the detecting UE 303. Based on which the detecting UE 303 may send a PC5-S signaling to one or more destinations (such as remote source UE 301 and / or relay UE 302) .
[0067] The PC5-S signaling may contain the information related to the failure, such as the detected failure / event and the detecting UE ID, and / or the associated Relay service code (RSC) .
[0068] The PC5-S signaling may also contain the path information, such as the routing information and / or hop information (e.g., hop count of the path) . In an example, the hop count may be the total hop count in the path (for example 5) . In another example, the hop count may be a hop count specified by the detecting UE 303, such as depending on the destination for the failure indication, the detecting UE 303 may specify a hop count as 1 or 2. Note that, the detecting UE 303 may specify the hop count by referring to the total hop count. The routing information may include the list of nodes (UEs or gNB) on the path, and / or the path ID.
[0069] In an example, the routing information and the hop info may be not present at the same time. For example, the routing information may be present in a discovery model B message. For example, the hop info may be present in a discovery model A message.
[0070] The PC5-S signaling may also contain one or more destination UE ID (s) , to indicate the one or more destinations (e.g., other UEs on the path) for the failure indication.
[0071] Note that, the detecting UE 303 may determine the one or more destinations according to the path information, for example, the detecting UE 303 may exclude the UEs 304 and 305 with a broken link to the detecting UE 303.
[0072] In an example, for the detecting UE 303, if the failure event (e.g., SL radio link failure) is detected by a lower AS layer, e.g., MAC layer, the lower AS layer can send the above failure information directly to PC5-S layer.
[0073] In another example, for the detecting UE 303, if the failure event (e.g., handover, cell change, QoS satisfaction degradation etc. ) is monitored by PC5-RRC layer, the failure information may be sent to PC5-S layer via the lower layers e.g., the MAC layer, since the MAC layer entity can be a common lower layer entity to serve both PC5-RRC and PC5-S.
[0074] The detecting UE 303 may send the failure / event information to other UEs (such as the UE 301 or 302) on the path via a PC5-S signalling in a hop-by-hop manner. The signalling contains the path information based on which a receiving UE (such as the UE 301 or 302) receiving the PC5-S signalling may determine the below conditions:
[0075] whether the receiving UE is the destination for the signalling.
[0076] a. If the receiving UE is not the destination for the signaling, the UE further determines which UE is the next hop for the signalling. For example, the UE 302 receiving the signaling may find that the destination for the signaling is UE 301. The UE 302 then may forward the signaling content (containing the failure information and the path information received from the detecting UE 303) to the next hop. Note that, if the path information is the hop count, the UE 302 may minus the hop count by 1. In UE 302, the signaling content may be included in a newly built PC5-S signaling message and send to the next hop. So the next hop UE will repeat the same check / action until the signaling has reached to the destination (such as UE 301) as indicated in the path information.
[0077] b. If the receiving UE is the destination for the signaling, the signaling will be processed by the receiving UE. For example, the UE 302 receiving the signaling may find that itself is one of the destination (s) for the signaling. The receiving UE 302 may store the triggering UE failure information. Based on that, the receiving UE 302 may determine one of the below actions:
[0078] i. Release the links with neighbouring UEs or nodes (the neighbour may be a remote UE, a relay UE or the gNB) .
[0079] ii. trigger link release message with neighbouring UEs / nodes
[0080] iii. Trigger relay or link reselection, after this action, the path may be reestablished towards the target UE / node.
[0081] Note that, for the branch b, the UE 302 receiving the signaling may find that there are still one or more additional destination (s) for the signaling, then the UE 302 may forward the signaling content (containing the failure information and the path information received from the detecting UE 303) to the next hop, similar to branch a.
[0082] In an example, the only destination UE is the source remote UE 301. In this case, the source remote UE 301 is supposed to receive the message, and to be aware of the detected failure. According to the received above message, remote UE 301 may decide to switch to new intermediate relay (s) and path. For example, the remote UE 301 may be operable according to clause 6.2.2.2.1 of 3GPP TR 23.700-03, “When the Remote UE needs to switch to a new Intermediate Relay (e.g. due to link failure) , the Remote UE re-selects a new path terminated at the same UE-to-Network Relay and allocates a new path ID. The new path ID is sent to the UE-to-Network Relay and the older path is released. ”
[0083] In an example, all other UEs (or multiple UEs) as indicated by the destination UE ID (s) on the path except the detecting / triggering UE 303 are the destination UEs. They are supposed to receive the message and to be aware of the detected failure. In this case, each UE on the path may process and read the message, in addition, each UE may also need to create a new message containing replicated content from the received message, and send the new message to the next hop (until the maximum number of hops has been reached, or the UE on the last hop has been reached) .
[0084] In one of the examples, the failure indication is carried by a discovery message (e.g., discovery announcement or discovery solicitation / response) .
[0085] In one of the examples, the failure indication is carried by a Direct Communication Request (DCR) / Direct Communication Accept (DCA) message.
[0086] In one of the examples, the failure indication is carried by a keep-alive PC5-Smessage.
[0087] In one of the examples, the failure indication is carried by a PC5-Signaling (e.g., a new message) other than discovery message, DCR / DCA and keep-alive message.
[0088] Note that, similar to UE 303, UE 304 may indicate the failure to UE 305 and gNB 306 in a hop-by-hop manner similarly. The details are omitted.
[0089] In an example, when the failure message is sent to the gNB 306, the gNB 306 may simply teal down the path and release resources and context information for all UEs 301, 302, 303, 304, 305 on the path.
[0090] PC5-RRC signaling based failure indication
[0091] The detecting UE 303 may send the failure / event information to other UEs (such as UE 301 or 302) on the path via a PC5-RRC signalling, e.g., NotificationMessageSidelink in a hop-by-hop manner. The PC5-RRC signaling contains path information based on which a receiving UE receiving the PC-RRC signaling can determine the below conditions:
[0092] Whether the receiving UE is the destination for the signalling
[0093] a. If the receiving UE is not the destination for the signaling, the UE further determines which UE is the next hop for the signalling. For example, the UE 302 receiving the signaling may find that the destination for the signaling is UE 301. The UE 302 then may forward the signaling content (containing the failure information and the path information received from the detecting UE 303) to the next hop. Note that, if the path information is the hop count, the UE 302 may minus the hop count by 1. In UE 302, the signaling content may be included in a newly built PC5-RRC signaling message and send to the next hop. So the next hop UE will repeat the same check / action until the signaling has reached to the destination as (such as UE 301) indicated in the routing information.
[0094] b. If the receiving UE is the destination for the signaling, the signaling will be processed by the receiving UE. For example, the UE 302 receiving the signaling may find that itself is one of the destination (s) for the signaling. The receiving UE 302 may store the triggering UE failure information. Based on that, the receiving UE 302 may determine one of the below actions:
[0095] i. Release the links with neighbouring UEs or nodes (the neighbour may be a remote UE, a relay UE or the gNB) .
[0096] ii. Inform the upper layer (e.g., application layer) to trigger link release message with neighbouring UEs / nodes
[0097] iii. Trigger relay or link reselection, after this action, the path may be reestablished towards the target UE / node.
[0098] Note that, for the branch b, the UE 302 receiving the signaling may find that there are still one or more additional destination (s) for the signaling, then the UE 302 may forward the signaling content (containing the failure information and the path information received from the detecting UE 303) to the next hop, similar to branch a.
[0099] In an example, the only destination UE is the source remote UE 301. In this case, the source remote UE 301 is supposed to receive the message, and to be aware of the detected failure.
[0100] In an example, all other UEs on the path except the detecting UE are the destination UEs. They are supposed to receive the message and to be aware of the detected failure. In this case, each UE on the path may create a new message containing replicated content from the received message, and send the new message to the next hop.
[0101] The path configuration / information may comprise one of the below information elements:
[0102] 1) The list of UEs on the relay path
[0103] a. each entry of the list may comprise an ID of the corresponding UE,
[0104] b. for example, the list is sorted from the 1st hop (i.e., the hop connecting to the remote UE) to the last hop (e.g., the hop connecting to the gNB, or connecting to the target remote UE) . In this case, the first entry of the list may comprise the information of the first hop relay UE 302, the second entry of the list may comprise the information of the second hop relay UE 303 and so on. The last entry may comprise the information of the last hop relay UE 305. The list may also include the source remote UE 301, and / or the target remote UE or the target gNB 306.
[0105] c. based on the list, each UE on the path may identify the source and the target of the path and may identify that the UE is located in which hop.
[0106] 2) The identify (e.g., ID) of the relay path. The relay path ID may be useful for a relay UE to identify the associated relay path upon reception of a routing configuration. Since the relay UE may be connected to multiple relay paths (e.g., associated with different remote UEs) .
[0107] The hop information e.g., hop count of the path may be also included as path information.
[0108] The failure information may comprise one of the below:
[0109] · Triggering / detecting UE ID
[0110] · Event ID indicating the failure / detected event including radio link failure, cell change / handover, congested, or QoS degradation.
[0111] As an additional embodiment, the remote UE 301 may build the list of relay UEs for the relay path according to received RRC signaling from the gNB. In this case, the relay UEs are determined / selected by the gNB 306. In this case, the remote UE 301 is already connected to the gNB 306. The remote UE 301 is triggered to build up the relay path when the remote UE’s radio connection quality (e.g., RSRP) has dropped below a configured threshold.
[0112] As an additional embodiment, the remote UE 301 may build the list of relay UEs for the relay path by itself according to the results obtained from discovery procedures. The remote UE 301 in this case may be out of coverage to any gNB. The remote UE 301 is triggered (by upper layers, e.g., V2X application) to set up the relay path. The remote UE 301 then may send or receive discovery messages in the proximity. Based on the discovery messages (or response message) received, the remote UE 301 may build the list of relay UEs, e.g., first selects the first hop relay UE 302, which has the strongest PC5 radio channel quality to the remote UE among all neighbour UEs which can directly connect to the remote UE; as a further step, selects the second hop relay UE 303, e.g., which has strongest PC5 radio channel quality to the first hop relay UE and so on.
[0113] As an additional embodiment, the remote UE may build the list of relay UEs or the path information per relay service (e.g., represented by a specific relay service code (RSC) ) .
[0114] As an additional embodiment, the path information (e.g., the routing information or hop information) for a given path may be signaled to the gNB 306 by a relay UE, e.g., the last Relay UE 305, in case of U2N Relay.
[0115] As an additional embodiment, the path information may be included in an upper layer signaling (e.g., discovery, DCR or DCA) and distributed to UEs / nodes on the same path.
[0116] ASN. 1 implementation example
[0117] In one implementation example, the above methods impacting the ASN1 of the RRC specification may be represented in 3GPP TS 38.331 as follows in the RemoteUEInformationSidelink message conveying the proposed routing information. The implementation has only covered part of the proposed information elements / changes.
[0118] In the example, a list of relay UE is included in the PC5 RRC signaling RemoteUEInformationSidelink.
[0119] Below is an example based on 3GPP TS 38.331.
[0120] Layer 1 or Layer 2 signaling based failure indication
[0121] In some embodiments, a UE 303 on the selected path may signal a detected link / hop failure event to other UEs on the path via a L1 or L2 based signaling message.
[0122] In an example, the UE 303 may send a control PDU of a lower protocol layer (e.g., PDCP layer, an adaptation layer or RLC layer) including the detected failure event and the path information to other UEs on the path. Upon reception of the control PDU, a receiving UE performs similar actions / check as described in the above upper layer signaling based failure indication or PC5-RRC signaling based failure indication.
[0123] In an example, the UE 303 may send a MAC Control Element (CE) including the detected failure event and the path information to other UEs on the path. Upon reception of the control PDU, a receiving UE may perform similar actions / check as described in the above upper layer signaling based failure indication or PC5-RRC signaling based failure indication.
[0124] In an example, the UE 303 may send a L1 signaling (e.g., Sidelink Control Information (SCI) signaling) including the detected failure event and the path information to other UEs on the path. Upon reception of the control PDU, a receiving UE performs similar actions / check as described in the above upper layer signaling based failure indication or PC5-RRC signaling based failure indication.
[0125] Figure 5 is a schematic flow chart showing an example method 500 in the first wireless device in a relay path, according to the embodiments herein. The relay path may link a source remote wireless device 301 to a network node 306 or a target remote wireless device through two or more relay wireless devices (such as UE 302, 303, 304, 305) . In an embodiment, the flow chart in Figure 5 may be implemented in the UE 303, but also may be implemented in other UEs detecting a path failure, for example the UE 301.
[0126] The method 500 may begin with step S501, in which the first wireless device (such as the UE 303) may detect a failure in the relay path.
[0127] In an embodiment, the failure may be detected in a PC5-RRC layer of the first wireless device and be indicated from the PC5-RRC layer to a PC5-S layer of the first wireless device.
[0128] In an embodiment, the failure may be detected in an Access Stratum (AS) layer of the first wireless device and be indicated from the AS layer to the PC5 upper layer of the first wireless device.
[0129] In an embodiment, the failure may be detected in a RRC layer of the first wireless device and be indicated from the RRC to the PC5 upper layer of the first wireless device through an AS layer of the first wireless device.
[0130] In an embodiment, the message is for relay reselection.
[0131] In an embodiment, the detected failure in the relay path may be one of: radio link failure; handover; cell reselection; cell change; congestion; risk of Quality of Service (QoS) satisfaction degradation; and warning message.
[0132] In an embodiment, the first wireless device (such as the UE 303) may determine one or more destinations, based on the path information, and the destination (such as UE 304 or 305) with broken link to the first wireless device may be excluded.
[0133] Then, the method 500 may proceed to step S502, in which the first wireless device (such as the UE 303) may transmit a message, such as a first failure indication or a notification message to the one or more destinations in the relay path. The first failure indication may include failure information of the detected failure and path information of the relay path.
[0134] In an embodiment, the failure information may include at least one of: ID of the detected failure; ID of the first wireless device; and an associated Relay Service Code (RSC) .
[0135] In an embodiment, the path information may include at least one of routing information and hop information.
[0136] In an embodiment, the routing information may include at least one of: a list of wireless device IDs in the relay path, optionally the list of wireless device IDs are in a sequence in the relay path.
[0137] In an embodiment, the routing information may include a path ID.
[0138] In an embodiment, the hop information may include a hop count of the relay path. For example, the hop count may be a hop count specified by the first wireless device based on the total hop of the path.
[0139] In an embodiment, the list of wireless device IDs in the relay path may be created at the source remote wireless device 301, the network node 306, or the target remote wireless device.
[0140] In an embodiment, the first failure indication may further include one or more destination IDs to indicate the one or more destinations.
[0141] In an embodiment, the first wireless device may be one of the two or more relay wireless devices, such as UE 303. In an embodiment, the one or more destinations may be one of: the source remote wireless device; one of the two or more relay wireless devices other than the first wireless device; the network node; and the target remote wireless device.
[0142] In an embodiment, the first wireless device may be the source remote wireless device, such as the UE 301. In an embodiment, the one or more destination may be one of: one of the two or more relay wireless devices; the network node; and the target remote wireless device.
[0143] In an embodiment, the first failure indication may be carried by one of: a PC5 upper layer message; a PC5-Radio Resource Control (RRC) message; and a layer 1 or layer 2 message.
[0144] In an embodiment, the PC5 upper layer message may be one of: a discovery message; a Direct Communication Request (DCR) or Direct Communication Accept (DCA) message; a keep-alive PC5-Siginaling (PC5-S) message; and other PC5-Signaling.
[0145] The above steps are only examples, and the first wireless device may perform any related actions described with respect to Figures 1 to 4.
[0146] Figure 6A is a schematic flow chart showing an example method 600 in the second wireless device in a relay path, according to the embodiments herein. The relay path may link a source remote wireless device 301 to a network node 306 or a target remote wireless device through two or more relay wireless devices (such as UE 302, 303, 304, 305) . In an embodiment, the flow chart in Figure 6A may be implemented in the UE 302, but also may be implemented in other UEs, for example the UE 301.
[0147] The method 600 may begin with step S601, in which the second wireless device (such as the UE 302) may receive a message (such as the first failure indication or the notification mentioned above) transmitted to one or more destinations in the relay path. The first failure indication may include failure information of a detected failure and path information of the relay path.
[0148] In an embodiment, the failure may be detected in a PC5-RRC layer of the first wireless device in the relay path and indicated from the PC5-RRC layer to a PC5-S layer of the first wireless device.
[0149] In an embodiment, the failure may be detected in an AS layer of the first wireless device in the relay path and indicated from the AS layer to the PC5 upper layer of the first wireless device.
[0150] In an embodiment, the failure may be detected in a RRC layer of the first wireless device in the relay path and indicated from the RRC to the PC5 upper layer of the first wireless device through an AS layer of the first wireless device.
[0151] In an embodiment, the message is for relay reselection.
[0152] Then, the method 600 may proceed to step S602, in which the second wireless device (such as the UE 302) may determine whether the second wireless device is one of the one or more destinations for the message (such as the first failure indication or the notification) , based on at least the path information.
[0153] In an embodiment, determining whether the second wireless device is one of the one or more destinations for the message may be based on whether the hop count in the first failure indication is zero.
[0154] In an embodiment, determining whether the second wireless device is one of the one or more destinations for the message may be based on whether the ID of the second wireless device is one of the one or more destination IDs.
[0155] Then, the method 600 may proceed to step S603, in which the second wireless device (such as the UE 302) may process the message according to the determination.
[0156] In an embodiment, in step S602, the second wireless device may determine that the second wireless device is not one of the one or more destinations for the first failure indication, based on at least the path information. In an embodiment, in step S603, processing the message may further comprise the step of transmitting an another message (such as a second failure indication or a second notification) to the one or more destinations. The other message may include the failure information of the detected failure and path information of the relay path.
[0157] In an embodiment, in step S602, the second wireless device may determine that the second wireless device is one of the one or more destinations for the message, based on at least the path information. In an embodiment, in step S603, processing the message may further comprise the one of the steps of: releasing a link with neighboring wireless device or network node; triggering link release message with neighboring wireless device or network node; triggering a relay or link reselection.
[0158] In an embodiment, in step S603, processing the first failure indication may further comprise the steps of: determining there are additional one or more destinations for the first failure indication, based on at least the path information; and transmitting the other message to the additional one or more destinations. The other message may include the failure information of the detected failure and path information of the relay path.
[0159] In an embodiment, the hop count in the other message may be equal to the hop count in the message minus one.
[0160] In an embodiment, transmitting the other message to the one or more destinations may be based on the list of wireless device IDs in the relay path.
[0161] In an embodiment, the failure information in either the message or the other message may include at least one of: ID of the detected failure; ID of the first wireless device detecting the failure; and an associated RSC.
[0162] In an embodiment, the path information in either the message or the other message may include at least one of routing information and hop information.
[0163] In an embodiment, the routing information may include at least one of: a list of wireless device IDs in sequence in the relay path and a path ID.
[0164] In an embodiment, the hop information may include a hop count of the relay path. For example, the hop count may be a hop count specified by the first wireless device based on the total hop of the path.
[0165] In an embodiment, the message may further include one or more destination IDs to indicate the one or more destinations.
[0166] In an embodiment, the second wireless device may be one of: the source remote wireless device; one of the two or more relay wireless devices other than the first wireless device; and the target remote wireless device.
[0167] In an embodiment, either of the message or the other message may be carried by one of: a PC5 upper layer message; a PC5-RRC message; and a layer 1 or layer 2 message.
[0168] In an embodiment, the PC5 upper layer message may be one of: a discovery message; a DCR or DCA message; a keep-alive PC5-Siginaling (PC5-S) message; and other PC5-Signaling.
[0169] The above steps are only examples, and the second wireless device may perform any related actions described with respect to Figures 1 to 4.
[0170] Figure 6B is a schematic flow chart showing an example method 650 in the network node, according to the embodiments herein. The relay path may link a source remote wireless device 301 to the network node 306 or a target remote wireless device through two or more relay wireless devices (such as UE 302, 303, 304, 305) .
[0171] The method 650 may begin with step S651, in which the network node (such as the network node 306) may receive a message transmitted to one or more destinations in the relay path, the message includes failure information of a detected failure and path information of the relay path.
[0172] Then, the method 650 may proceed to step S652, in which the network node (such as the network node 306) may tear down the path.
[0173] For example, when message is sent to the gNB 306, the gNB 306 may simply teal down the path and release resources and context information for all UEs 301, 302, 303, 304, 305 on the path.
[0174] In an embodiment, the failure may be detected in a PC5-RRC layer of the first wireless device in the relay path and indicated from the PC5-RRC layer to a PC5-S layer of the first wireless device.
[0175] In an embodiment, the failure may be detected in an AS layer of the first wireless device in the relay path and indicated from the AS layer to the PC5 upper layer of the first wireless device.
[0176] In an embodiment, the failure may be detected in a RRC layer of the first wireless device in the relay path and indicated from the RRC to the PC5 upper layer of the first wireless device through an AS layer of the first wireless device.
[0177] In an embodiment, the message is for relay reselection.
[0178] The above steps are only examples, and the network node may perform any related actions described with respect to Figures 1 to 4.
[0179] Figure 7 is a schematic block diagram showing an example first wireless device 700, according to the embodiments herein. In an embodiment, the example first wireless device 700 in Figure 7 may be implemented as the above UE 303 shown in Figures 3 to 4, but also may be implemented as other UEs detecting a path failure, for example the UE 301.
[0180] In an embodiment, the first wireless device 700 may comprise at least one processor 701; and a non-transitory computer readable medium 702 coupled to the at least one processor 701. The non-transitory computer readable medium 702 may contain instructions executable by the at least one processor 701, whereby the at least one processor 701 may be configured to perform any of the above method 500.
[0181] Note that, the first wireless device 700 may be implemented as hardware, software, firmware and any combination thereof. For example, the first wireless device 700 may include a plurality of units, circuities, modules or the like, each of which may be used to perform one or more steps of the example method 500 or one or more steps shown in Figures 3 to 4 related to the first wireless device detecting a path failure.
[0182] Figure 8A is a schematic block diagram showing an example second wireless device 800, according to the embodiments herein. In an embodiment, the example second wireless device 800 in Figure 8A may be implemented as the above UE 302 shown in Figures 3 to 4, but also may be implemented as other UEs, for example the UE 301.
[0183] In an embodiment, the second wireless device 800 may comprise at least one processor 801; and a non-transitory computer readable medium 802 coupled to the at least one processor 801. The non-transitory computer readable medium 802 may contain instructions executable by the at least one processor 801, whereby the at least one processor 801 may be configured to perform any of the above method 600.
[0184] Note that, the second wireless device 800 may be implemented as hardware, software, firmware and any combination thereof. For example, the second wireless device 800 may include a plurality of units, circuities, modules or the like, each of which may be used to perform one or more steps of the example method 600 or one or more steps shown in Figures 3 to 4 related to the second wireless device.
[0185] Figure 8B is a schematic block diagram showing an example network node 850, according to the embodiments herein. In an embodiment, the example network node 850 in Figure 8B may be implemented as the above network node 306 shown in Figures 3 to 4.
[0186] In an embodiment, the network node 850 may comprise at least one processor 851; and a non-transitory computer readable medium 852 coupled to the at least one processor 851. The non-transitory computer readable medium 852 may contain instructions executable by the at least one processor 851, whereby the at least one processor 851 may be configured to perform any of the above method 650.
[0187] Note that, the network node 850 may be implemented as hardware, software, firmware and any combination thereof. For example, the network node 850 may include a plurality of units, circuities, modules or the like, each of which may be used to perform one or more steps of the example method 650 or one or more steps shown in Figures 3 to 4 related to the network node.
[0188] Figure 9 is a schematic block diagram showing an example communication system 900 or called communication network, according to the embodiments herein.
[0189] In an embodiment, the communication system 900 may comprise the first wireless device 700 and the second wireless device 800. In an embodiment, the communication system 900 may further comprise other wireless devices and / or network nodes (not shown in Figure 9) .
[0190] In an embodiment, the communication system 900 may be configured in an OTT scenario. The OTT connection may be transparent in the sense that the participating communication devices through which the OTT connection passes are unaware of routing of uplink and downlink communications. For example, the network node 306 may not or need not be informed about the past routing of an incoming downlink communication with data originating from one or more network functions to be forwarded (e.g., handed over) to a connected terminal device (s) , such as UEs 301, 302, 303, 304, 305. Similarly, the network node 306 needs not be aware of the future routing of an outgoing uplink communication originating from the terminal device (s) , such as UEs 301, 302, 303, 304, 305 towards one or more network functions.
[0191] It should also be understood that, a network element (such as the UEs 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, the network node 306) can be implemented either as a dedicated hardware, as a software instance running on a dedicated hardware, or as a virtualized function instantiated on an appropriate platform, e.g., on a cloud infrastructure.
[0192] Example wireless communications over a wireless connection include transmitting and / or receiving wireless signals using electromagnetic waves, radio waves, infrared waves, and / or other types of signals suitable for conveying information without the use of wires, cables, or other material conductors. Moreover, in different embodiments, the communication system may include any number of wired or wireless networks, network nodes, UEs, and / or any other components or systems that may facilitate or participate in the communication of data and / or signals whether via wired or wireless connections. The communication system may include and / or interface with any type of communication, telecommunication, data, cellular, radio network, and / or other similar type of system.
[0193] The UEs in the present disclosure may be any of a wide variety of communication devices, including wireless devices arranged, configured, and / or operable to communicate wirelessly with the network nodes and other communication devices. Similarly, the network nodes are arranged, capable, configured, and / or operable to communicate directly or indirectly with the UEs and / or with other network nodes or equipment in the telecommunication network to enable and / or provide network access, such as wireless network access, and / or to perform other functions, such as administration in the telecommunication network.
[0194] The communication system may be configured to operate according to predefined rules or procedures, such as specific standards that include, but are not limited to: Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) ; Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) ; Long Term Evolution (LTE) , and / or other suitable 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G standards, or any applicable future generation standard (e.g., 6G) ; wireless local area network (WLAN) standards, such as the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standards (WiFi) ; and / or any other appropriate wireless communication standard, such as the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMax) , Bluetooth, Z-Wave, Near Field Communication (NFC) ZigBee, LiFi, and / or any low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) standards such as LoRa and Sigfox.
[0195] In some examples, the UEs are configured to transmit and / or receive information without direct human interaction. For instance, a UE may be designed to transmit information to an access networkon a predetermined schedule, when triggered by an internal or external event, or in response to requests from the access network. Additionally, a UE may be configured for operating in single-or multi-RAT or multi-standard mode. For example, a UE may operate with any one or combination of Wi-Fi, NR (New Radio) and LTE, i.e. being configured for multi-radio dual connectivity (MR-DC) , such as E-UTRAN (Evolved-UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network) New Radio –Dual Connectivity (EN-DC) . Examples of a UE include, but are not limited to, a smart phone, mobile phone, cell phone, voice over IP (VoIP) phone, wireless local loop phone, desktop computer, personal digital assistant (PDA) , wireless cameras, gaming console or device, music storage / playback device, wearable terminal device, wireless endpoint, mobile station, tablet, laptop, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE) , laptop-mounted equipment (LME) , an Augmented Reality (AR) or Virtual Reality (VR) device, wireless customer-premise equipment (CPE) , vehicle, vehicle-mounted or vehicle embedded / integrated wireless device, etc. Other examples include any UE identified by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) , including a narrow band internet of things (NB-IoT) UE, a machine type communication (MTC) UE, and / or an enhanced MTC (eMTC) UE.
[0196] A UE may support device-to-device (D2D) communication, for example by implementing a 3GPP standard for sidelink communication, Dedicated Short-Range Communication (DSRC) , vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) , vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) , or vehicle-to-everything (V2X) . In other examples, a UE may not necessarily have a user in the sense of a human user who owns and / or operates the relevant device. Instead, a UE may represent a device that is intended for sale to, or operation by, a human user but which may not, or which may not initially, be associated with a specific human user (e.g., a smart sprinkler controller) . Alternatively, a UE may represent a device that is not intended for sale to, or operation by, an end user but which may be associated with or operated for the benefit of a user (e.g., a smart power meter) .
[0197] A UE, when in the form of an Internet of Things (IoT) device, may be a device for use in one or more application domains, these domains comprising, but not limited to, city wearable technology, extended industrial application and healthcare. Non-limiting examples of such an IoT device are a device which is or which is embedded in: a connected refrigerator or freezer, a TV, a connected lighting device, an electricity meter, a robot vacuum cleaner, a voice controlled smart speaker, a home security camera, a motion detector, a thermostat, a smoke detector, a door / window sensor, a flood / moisture sensor, an electrical door lock, a connected doorbell, an air conditioning system like a heat pump, an autonomous vehicle, a surveillance system, a weather monitoring device, a vehicle parking monitoring device, an electric vehicle charging station, a smart watch, a fitness tracker, a wearable for tactile augmentation or sensory enhancement, a water sprinkler, an animal-or item-tracking device, a sensor for monitoring a plant or animal, an industrial robot, an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) , and any kind of medical device, like a heart rate monitor or a remote controlled surgical robot. A UE in the form of an IoT device comprises circuitry and / or software in dependence of the intended application of the IoT device.
[0198] As yet another specific example, in an IoT scenario, a UE may represent a machine or other device that performs monitoring and / or measurements, and transmits the results of such monitoring and / or measurements to another UE and / or a network node. The UE may in this case be an M2M device, which may in a 3GPP context be referred to as an MTC device. As one particular example, the UE may implement the 3GPP NB-IoT standard. In other scenarios, a UE may represent a vehicle, such as a car, a bus, a truck, a ship and an airplane, or other equipment that is capable of monitoring and / or reporting on its operational status or other functions associated with its operation.
[0199] In practice, any number of UEs may be used together with respect to a single use case. For example, a first UE might be or be integrated in a drone and provide the drone’s speed information (obtained through a speed sensor) to a second UE that is a remote controller operating the drone. When the user makes changes from the remote controller, the first UE may adjust the throttle on the drone (e.g. by controlling an actuator) to increase or decrease the drone’s speed. The first and / or the second UE can also include more than one of the functionalities described above. For example, a UE might comprise the sensor and the actuator, and handle communication of data for both the speed sensor and the actuators.
Claims
1.A method (500) performed by a first wireless device (303) in a relay path, the relay path links a source remote wireless device (301) to a network node (306) or a target remote wireless device through two or more relay wireless devices (302, 303, 304, 305) , the method (500) comprising:- detecting (S501) a failure in the relay path; and- transmitting (S502) a message to one or more destinations (301, 302) in the relay path, wherein the message comprises failure information of the detected failure and / or path information of the relay path.2.the method (500) of claim 1, wherein the failure is detected in a Direct Communications (PC5) -Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer of the first wireless device (303) and indicated from the PC5-RRC layer to a PC5-Signalling (PC5-S) layer of the first wireless device (303) .3.the method (500) of claim 1, wherein the failure is detected in an Access Stratum (AS) layer of the first wireless device (303) and indicated from the AS layer to the Direct Communications (PC5) upper layer of the first wireless device (303) .4.the method (500) of claim 1, wherein the failure is detected in a RRC layer of the first wireless device (303) and indicated from the RRC layer to the PC5 upper layer of the first wireless device (303) through an AS layer of the first wireless device (303) .5.the method (500) of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the message is for relay reselection.6.the method (500) of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the failure information includes at least one of:- ID of the detected failure;- ID of the first wireless device (303) ; and- an associated Relay Service Code (RSC) .7.the method (500) of claim 5, wherein the detected failure in the relay path is one of:- radio link failure;- handover;- cell reselection;- congestion;- Quality of Service (QoS) satisfaction degradation; and- warning message.8.the method (500) of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the path information includes at least one of: :- a list of wireless device IDs in the relay path;- a path ID; anda hop count of the relay path.9.the method (500) of claim 8, wherein the list of wireless device IDs in the relay path is created at the source remote wireless device (301) , the network node (306) , or the target remote wireless device.10.the method of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the message further includes one or more destination IDs to indicate the one or more destinations (301, 302) .11.the method of claim 10, wherein the first wireless device (303) is one of the two or more relay wireless devices (302, 303, 304, 305) ; and / orwherein the one or more destination (301, 302) is one of:- the source remote wireless device (301) ;- one (302) of the two or more relay wireless devices (302, 303, 304, 305) other than the first wireless device (301) ;- the network node (306) ; and- the target remote wireless device.12.the method (500) of any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the first wireless device is the source remote wireless device; and / orwherein the one or more destination is one of:- one of the two or more relay wireless devices;- the network node; and- the target remote wireless device.13.the method (500) of any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the message is carried by one of:- a PC5 upper layer message;- a PC5-RRC message; and- a layer 1 or layer 2 message.14.the method (500) of claim 13, wherein the PC5 upper layer message is one of:- a discovery message;- a Direct Communication Request (DCR) or Direct Communication Accept (DCA) message;- a keep-alive PC5-Siginaling (PC5-S) message; and- other PC5-Signaling.15.the method (500) of any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the one or more destinations (301, 302) is determined based on the path information, and the destination (304) with broken link to the first wireless device (303) is excluded.16.A method (600) performed by a second wireless device (302) in a relay path, the relay path links a source remote wireless device (301) to a network node (306) or a target remote wireless device through two or more relay wireless devices (302, 303, 304, 305) , the method (600) comprising:- receiving (S601) a message transmitted to one or more destinations (301, 302) in the relay path, the message includes failure information of a detected failure and / or path information of the relay path;- determining (S602) whether the second wireless device (302) is one of the one or more destinations (301, 302) for the message, based on at least the path information; and- processing (S603) the message according to the determination.17.the method (600) of claim 16, wherein the failure is detected in a Direct Communications (PC5) -Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer of a first wireless device (303) in the relay path and indicated from the PC5-RRC layer to a PC5-Signalling (PC5-S) layer of the first wireless device (303) .18.the method (600) of claim 16, wherein the failure is detected in an Access Stratum (AS) layer of a first wireless device (303) in the relay path and indicated from the AS layer to the Direct Communications (PC5) upper layer of the first wireless device (303) .19.the method (600) of claim 16, wherein the failure is detected in a Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer of a first wireless device (303) in the relay path and indicated from the RRC to the PC5 upper layer of the first wireless device (303) through an AS layer of the first wireless device (303) .20.the method (600) of any one of claims 16 to 19, wherein the message is for relay reselection.21.the method (600) of any one of claims 16 to 20, wherein the second wireless device (302) determines that the second wireless device (302) is not one of the one or more destinations (301) for the message, based on at least the path information, andwherein processing the message further comprising:- transmitting another message to the one or more destinations (301) , the other message includes the failure information of the detected failure and path information of the relay path.22.the method (600) of any one of claims 16 to 20, wherein the second wireless device (302) determines that the second wireless device (302) is one of the one or more destinations (301, 302) for the first failure indication, based on at least the path information, andwherein processing the message further comprising one of:- releasing a link with neighboring wireless device (303) or network node;- triggering link release message with neighboring wireless device (303) or network node; and- triggering a relay or link reselection.23.the method (600) of claim 22, wherein processing the message further comprising:- determining that there are additional one or more destinations (301) for the message, based on at least the path information, and- transmitting an another message to the additional one or more destinations (301) , the other message includes the failure information of the detected failure and path information of the relay path.24.the method (600) of any one of claims 16 to 23, wherein the failure information in either the message and the other message includes at least one of:- ID of the detected failure;- ID of a first wireless device (303) detecting the failure; and- an associated Relay Service Code (RSC) .25.the method (600) of claim 24, wherein the detected failure in the relay path is one of:- radio link failure;- handover;- cell reselection;- congestion;- Quality of Service (QoS) satisfaction degradation; and- warning message.26.the method (600) of any one of claims 16 to 25, wherein the path information in either the message or the other message includes at least one of :a list of wireless device IDs in the relay path;a path ID; anda hop count of the relay path.27.the method (600) of claim 26, wherein determining whether the second wireless device (302) is one of the one or more destinations (301, 302) for the message is based on whether the hop count in the first failure indication is zero.28.the method (600) of claim 26 or 27, wherein the hop count in the second failure indication is equal to the hop count in the first failure indication minus one.29.the method (600) of any one of claims 16 to 28, wherein either of the message and the second message further includes one or more destination IDs to indicate the one or more destinations (301, 302) .30.the method (600) of claim 29, wherein determining (S602) whether the second wireless device (302) is one of the one or more destinations (301, 302) for the first failure indication is based on whether the ID of the second wireless device (302) is one of the one or more destination IDs.31.the method (600) of claim 29 or 30, wherein transmitting the other message to the one or more destinations is based on the list of wireless device IDs in the relay path.32.the method (600) of any one of claims 16 to 31, wherein the second wireless device (302) is one of:- the source remote wireless device;- one of the two or more relay wireless devices other than the first wireless device; and- the target remote wireless device.33.the method (600) of any one of claims 16 to 32, wherein either of the message and the other message is carried by one of:- a PC5 upper layer message;- a PC5-Radio Resource Control (RRC) message; and- a layer 1 or layer 2 message.34.the method (600) of claim 33, wherein the PC5 upper layer message is one of:- a discovery message;- a Direct Communication Request (DCR) or Direct Communication Accept (DCA) message;- a keep-alive PC5-Siginaling (PC5-S) message; and- other PC5-Signaling.35.A method (650) performed by a network node (306) , wherein a relay path links a source remote wireless device (301) to the network node (306) through two or more relay wireless devices (302, 303, 304, 305) , and the method (650) comprises:- receiving (S651) a message transmitted to one or more destinations in the relay path, wherein the message includes failure information of a detected failure and path information of the relay path; and- tearing down (S652) the path.36.the method (650) of claim 35, wherein the failure is detected in a PC5-RRC layer of a first wireless device (303) in the relay path and indicated from the PC5-RRC layer to a PC5-Signalling (PC5-S) layer of the first wireless device (303) .37.the method (650) of claim 35, wherein the failure is detected in an Access Stratum (AS) layer of a first wireless device (303) in the relay path and indicated from the AS layer to the Direct Communications (PC5) upper layer of the first wireless device (303) .38.the method (650) of claim 35, wherein the failure is detected in a Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer of a first wireless device (303) in the relay path and indicated from the RRC to the PC5 upper layer of the first wireless device (303) through an AS layer of the first wireless device (303) .39.the method (650) of any one of claims 35 to 38, wherein the message is for relay reselection.40.A first wireless device (303, 700) , comprising:- at least one processor (701) ; and- a non-transitory computer readable medium (702) coupled to the at least one processor (701) , the non-transitory computer readable medium (702) contains instructions executable by the at least one processor (702) , whereby the at least one processor (701) is configured to perform the method (500) according to any one of claims 1 to 15.41.A second wireless device (301, 302, 800) , comprising:- at least one processor (801) ; and- a non-transitory computer readable medium (802) coupled to the at least one processor (801) , the non-transitory computer readable medium (802) contains instructions executable by the at least one processor (801) , whereby the at least one processor (801) is configured to perform the method (600) according to any one of claims 16 to 34.42.A network node (306, 850) , comprising:- at least one processor (851) ; and- a non-transitory computer readable medium (852) coupled to the at least one processor (851) , the non-transitory computer readable medium (852) contains instructions executable by the at least one processor (851) , whereby the at least one processor (851) is configured to perform the method (650) according to any one of claims 35 to 39.43.A communication system (900) , comprising:- a first wireless device (303, 700) , comprising:- at least one processor (701) ; and- a non-transitory computer readable medium (702) coupled to the at least one processor (701) , the non-transitory computer readable medium (702) contains instructions executable by the at least one processor (702) , whereby the at least one processor (701) is configured to perform the method (500) according to any one of claims 1 to 15; and- a second wireless device (301, 302, 800) , comprising:- at least one processor (801) ; and- a non-transitory computer readable medium (802) coupled to the at least one processor (801) , the non-transitory computer readable medium (802) contains instructions executable by the at least one processor (801) , whereby the at least one processor (801) is configured to perform the method (600) according to any one of claims 16 to 34.44.A computer readable medium (702, 802, 852, 1302) comprising computer readable code, which when run on an apparatus (301, 302, 303, 700, 800, 850, 1300) , causes the apparatus (301, 302, 303, 700, 800, 850, 1300) to perform the method (500, 600, 650) according to any one of claims 1 to 39.45.A computer readable product (1304) comprising computer readable code, which when run on an apparatus (301, 302, 303, 700, 800, 850, 1300) , causes the apparatus (301, 302, 303, 700, 800, 850, 1300) to perform the method (500, 600, 650) according to any one of claims 1 to 39.
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