System and apparatus suitable for facilitating communication and a processing method in association thereto

Abstract

There is provided a processing method (300) which can include an input step (302) which can include communicating at least one input signal indicative of at least one proximity determination message associable with a proximity determination operation, a proximity determination type and / or a preamble.

Description

[0001] 202404279 1

[0002] SYSTEM AND APPARATUS SUITABLE FOR FACILITATING COMMUNICATION AND A PROCESSING METHOD IN ASSOCIATION THERETO

[0003] Field Of Invention

[0004] The present disclosure generally relates to a system, an apparatus and / or a device suitable for facilitating communication. The present disclosure further relates a processing / communication method which can be associated with the system, the device and / or the apparatus.

[0005] Background

[0006] Generally, in association with communication / telecommunication networks, proximity determination can be based on reader-to-device (R2D) transmissions and based on round trip time (RTT) measurements.

[0007] An example of a communication network would be a 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) 5G (fifth generation) New Radio (NR) standard-based communication / telecommunications network.

[0008] The present disclosure contemplates that conventional techniques as mentioned above (e.g., R2D transmissions and RTT measurements) may not facilitate proximity determination in an optimal manner and / or reliable manner.

[0009] The present disclosure contemplates that it would be helpful to address (or at least mitigate) one or more issues in relation to conventional techniques for facilitating proximity determination.

[0010] Summary of the Invention

[0011] In accordance with an aspect of the disclosure, there is provided a communication / processing method (e.g., referable to as a processing method). 202404279 2

[0012] The processing method can, for example, include an input step, a processing step and / or an output step, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.

[0013] In one embodiment, the input step can, for example, include communicating one or more input signals which can, for example, be indicative of at least one proximity determination message. The proximity determination message can, for example, be associated with a proximity determination operation, a proximity determination type and / or a preamble.

[0014] In one embodiment, the processing step can, for example, include one or both of (i.e. , at least one of):

[0015] • receiving one or more input signals which can be indicative of at least one proximity determination message

[0016] • processing the input signal(s) to generate at least one output signal which can, for example, be communicated and / or (i.e., one or both of; at least one of) processed to determine at least one distance.

[0017] In one embodiment, the processing step can, for example, include processing the output signal(s) in a manner so as to one or both of determine and facilitate determination of at least one distance. For example, the output signal(s) can be processed by manner of performing at least one measurement of the output signal(s) and the distance(s) can, for example, be computed / determined / derived based on the measurement, and one or both of transmission power and channel state information.

[0018] In one embodiment, the output step can, for example, include communicating the input signal(s) and / or the output signal(s) (i.e., one or both of the input signal(s) and the output signal(s)).

[0019] In one embodiment, generally, the present disclosure contemplates a processing method which can include an input step which can include communicating (e.g., from an apparatus) at least one input signal indicative of at least one proximity determination message and a processing step which can include processing (e.g., at 202404279 3 a processing step associated with a device) the proximity determination message in a manner so as to generate at least one output signal. The at least one output signal can, for example, be processed (e.g., at a processing step associated with an apparatus) in a manner so as to determine at least one distance and / or facilitate determination of at least one distance.

[0020] In one example, when the proximity determination message(s) can be associated with a proximity determination operation, the input signal(s) can include at least one parameter for performing the proximity determination operation. The parameter(s) can include, for example, power level of each D2R transmission (Device to Reader), number of D2R transmissions required and / or type of signal pattern / code to be transmitted in each D2R transmission.

[0021] In one example, the output signal(s) can include at least one D2R transmission. The output signal(s) can, for example, be communicated and processed in a manner so as to determine at least one distance, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.

[0022] In one specific example, in the context of a type 2b device, the output signal(s) can be generated based on transmission of power level indicated per the R2D message(s). The present disclosure contemplates that, generally, a type 2b device can, for example, relate to / be associated with / correspond to a type of device which can, for example, be capable of generating at least one D2R signal (by the device itself) and can hence control power of the D2R signal(s) using an indication from a gNB, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.

[0023] In another specific example, in the context of one or both of a type 1 device and a type 2a device, the output signal(s) can be generated based on power of CW (Carrier Wave) transmission to device. Power of CW transmission can, for example, be capable of being controlled by a CW node. The present disclosure contemplates that, generally, a type 1 device and a type 2a device can, for example, relate to / be associated with / correspond to a type of device which does not, for example, generate a D2R signal (by the device itself), in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. 202404279 4

[0024] In one example, the D2R message(s) can be associated with at least one unique pattern / code to facilitate avoidance of contention during receipt and / or to facilitate identification of device.

[0025] In one example, when the proximity determination message(s) can be associated with a proximity determination type, the input signal(s) can include at least one R2D message and / or at least one R2CW message which can indicate the proximity determination type associable with values associated with a table of values.

[0026] In one example, when the proximity determination message can be associated with a preamble, the input signal(s) can include a type of preamble for the proximity determination message which can be indicative of information relatable to proximity determination.

[0027] The present disclosure further contemplates a computer program which can include instructions which, when the program is executed by a computer, cause the computer to carry out the input step, the processing step and / or the output step as discussed with reference to the communication / processing method. For example, the computer program can include instructions which, when the program is executed by a computer, cause the computer to carry out the input step and / or the processing step, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.

[0028] The present disclosure yet further contemplates a computer readable storage medium having data stored therein representing software executable by a computer, the software including instructions, when executed by the computer, to carry out the input step, the processing step and / or the output step as discussed with reference to the communication / processing method. For example, the computer readable storage medium can have data stored therein representing software executable by a computer, the software including instructions, when executed by the computer, cause the computer to carry out the input step and / or the processing step, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. 202404279 5

[0029] In accordance with an aspect of the disclosure, there is provided an apparatus which can include a first module, a second module and / or a third module, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. The first module can be configured to generate one or more input signals. The second module can be configured to process and / or facilitate processing of one or more output signal(s) according to the processing method, as discussed earlier, to determine at least one distance. The third module can be configured to communicate the input signal(s). The input signal(s) can, for example, be processed to generate the output signal(s).

[0030] In accordance with an aspect of the disclosure, there is provided a device which can include a first module, a second module and / or a third module, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. The first module can be configured to receive at least one input signal. The second module can be configured to process the input signal(s) according to the processing method, as discussed earlier, to generate one or more output signals. The third module can be configured to communicate the output signal(s).

[0031] In accordance with an aspect of the disclosure, there is provided a system.

[0032] The system can include one or more apparatuses and one or more devices. The apparatus(es) and the device(s) can, for example, be capable of being coupled via wired coupling and / or wireless coupling.

[0033] Brief Description of the Drawings

[0034] Embodiments of the disclosure are described hereinafter with reference to the following drawings, in which:

[0035] Fig. 1 a shows a system which can include at least one apparatus, according to an embodiment of the disclosure;

[0036] Fig. 1 b to Fig. 1 m show an example scenario in association with the system of Fig. 1 a, according to an embodiment of the disclosure; 202404279 6

[0037] Fig, 2 shows the apparatus of Fig, 1a in further detail, according to an embodiment of the disclosure;

[0038] Fig. 3 shows a processing / communication method in association with the system of Fig. 1 a, according to an embodiment of the disclosure;

[0039] Fig. 4a and Fig. 4b show a first example context in association with the processing / communication method of Fig. 3, according to an embodiment of the disclosure; and

[0040] Fig. 4c and Fig. 4e show a second example context in association with the processing / communication method of Fig. 3, according to an embodiment of the disclosure.

[0041] Detailed Description

[0042] The present disclosure, as mentioned earlier, generally contemplates that conventional techniques may not facilitate proximity determination in a reliable manner and / or optimal manner.

[0043] Specifically, it is contemplated that R2D (Reader to Device) transmission(s) alone may not be sufficient to determine proximity with sufficient accuracy since device response in association with R2D transmissions may simply be binary (success or failure of reception of R2D message). Moreover, it is contemplated that RTT measurements with adequate resolution may require large bandwidth which may be challenging for, for example, A-loT (Ambient - Internet of Things) based systems (e.g., which may possibly operate on a few subchannels of an OFDMA, orthogonal frequency-division multiple access, system).

[0044] The present disclosure contemplates that it can be useful to define / specify / derive (e.g., define / specify / derive a method for) proximity determination. In a specific example, proximity determination can be defined / specified / derived in association with A-loT 202404279 7

[0045] (e.g., a method for proximity determination can be defined in association with A-loT), in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. It is contemplated that proximity determination may not be based on measurements at the device side, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. In this regard, it is contemplated that measurement(s) can, for example, be based on the reader side in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.

[0046] However, in association with R2D transmissions, a reader may not be able to make / take any measurements. In the absence of any measurements, it is contemplated that a binary indication of success or failure will be likely in connection with a device response to R2D transmission. In this regard, the present disclosure contemplates that hat it can be useful to define / specify / derive (e.g., define / specify / derive a method for) proximity determination (e.g., a systematic method for proximity determination based on D2R transmissions), in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.

[0047] In view of the foregoing, the present disclosure generally contemplates a possibility of a reader being capable of communicating an indication to a device by manner of an R2D message to facilitate proximity determination. The indication can, for example, include / correspond to / be indicative of / be associated with information relating to, for example, what power level(s) a device may use to make D2R (i.e. , Device to Reader) transmission(s) to a reader, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. Moreover, a reader may, for example, possibly indicate the number of D2R transmissions to be made by a device and / or a pattern / code that may be transmitted in each D2R message, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.

[0048] It Is contemplated that in the above manner, proximity determination (e.g., in association with A-loT) can be possible by, for example, triggering successive D2R transmission(s) from a device at configurable power levels for a reader to, for example, perform measurements on and / or to take decisions from. In one example, a method / procedure for proximity determination in A-loT can be provided, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. Moreover, instead of relying only on R2D transmissions to determine proximity, it may be useful to adapt transmission power 202404279 8 and / or type of signal pattern / code transmitted by a device as well, to possibly facilitate more accurate determination under what condition a particular device can be considered to be “near” a reader and / or to possibly determine relative proximity of different devices to at least one reader, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.

[0049] Appreciably, the present disclosure contemplates, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure, the possibility of multiple D2R transmissions at different power levels and / or the possibility of using different patterns which can be distinguished from the approach of multiple R2D transmissions and / or success / failure of a single D2R transmission.

[0050] Generally, it is appreciable that the present disclosure contemplates the possibility of a proximity determination with a single reader in Ambient loT, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.

[0051] Accordingly, in the above manner, it is contemplated that proximity determination can possibly be facilitated in a reliable manner and / or optimal manner.

[0052] The foregoing will be discussed in further detail with reference to Fig. 1 to Fig. 4 hereinafter.

[0053] Referring to Fig. 1 a, a system 100 is shown, according to an embodiment of the disclosure. The system 100 can, for example, be suitable for facilitating communication, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. In a specific example, the system 100 can, for example, be suitable for facilitating communication of data, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. In a more specific example, the system 100 can, for example, be suitable for facilitating communication in association with proximity determination, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.

[0054] As shown, the system 100 can include one or more apparatuses 102, at least one device 104 and, optionally, a communication network 106, in accordance with an 202404279 9 embodiment of the disclosure. In one embodiment, the system 100 can include, for example, at least one apparatus 102, at least one device 104 and a communication network 106.

[0055] The apparatus(es) 102 can be coupled to the device(s) 104. Specifically, the apparatus(es) 102 can, for example, be coupled to the device(s) 104 via the communication network 106, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.

[0056] In one embodiment, the apparatus(es) 102 can be coupled to the communication network 106 and the device(s) 104 can be coupled to the communication network 106. Coupling can be by manner of one or both of wired coupling and wireless coupling. The apparatus(es) 102 can, in general, be configured to communicate with the device(s) 104 via the communication network 106, according to an embodiment of the disclosure.

[0057] The apparatus(es) 102 can, for example, be associated with / correspond to / include one or more readers which can carry one or more computers, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. For example, an apparatus 102 can correspond to a reader (e.g., a User Equipment, UE and / or a Next Generation Node B, gNB) carrying / coupled to at least one computer (e.g., an electronic device / module having computing capabilities such as an electronic mobile device which can be carried into a vehicle or an electronic module which can be installed in a vehicle, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure) which can be configured to perform one or more processing tasks in association with / which can include, for example, providing / generating and / or communicating one or more input signals. The input signal(s) can, for example, be communicated from the apparatus(es) 102 and received by the device(s) 104, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. The input signal(s) can, for example, correspond to / be associated with / be indicative of / include at least one message and / or one or more parameters. In one embodiment, the input signal(s) can, for example, correspond to / be associated with / be indicative of / include at least one message. In another embodiment, the input signal(s) can, for example, correspond to / be associated with / be indicative of / include one or more parameters. In yet another embodiment, the input signal(s) can, for example, correspond to / be 202404279 10 associated with / be indicative of / include at least one message and at least one parameter. The message(s) can, for example, include / be associated with / indicative of / correspond to proximity determination (e.g., a proximity determination operation, proximity determination type and / or a type of preamble for a proximity determination message), in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. The parameter(s) can, for example, correspond to / be associated with / be indicative of / include at least one control parameter usable for performing an operation (e.g., a proximity determination operation), in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. The apparatus(es) 102 will be discussed later in further detail with reference to Fig. 2, according to an embodiment of the disclosure.

[0058] The device(s) 104 can, for example, be associated with / correspond to at least one loT based device (e.g., at least one A-loT based device) and / or at least one Carrier Wave (CW) node. In one embodiment, the device(s) 104 can, for example, be associated with / correspond to at least one loT based device. In another embodiment, the device(s) 104 can, for example, be associated with / correspond to at least one CW node. In yet another embodiment, the device(s) 104 can, for example, be associated with / correspond to at least one loT based device and at least one CW node. Moreover, the device(s) 104 can, for example, be configured to carry / be associated with / include one or more computers (e.g., an electronic device / module having computing capabilities) which can, for example, be configured to perform one or more processing tasks. The device(s) 104 can be configured to generate one or more output signals based on the input signal(s), in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. For example, the device(s) 104 can be configured to receive the input signal(s) and process the input signal(s) in a manner so as to generate the output signal(s), in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. This will be discussed later in further detail in the context of an example scenario, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.

[0059] The communication network 106 can, for example, correspond to an Internet communication network, a cellular-based communication network, a wired-based communication network, a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) based communication network, a wireless-based communication network, or any 202404279 11 combination thereof. Communication (e.g., between the apparatuses 102 and / or between the apparatus(es) 102 and the device(s) 104) via the communication network 106 can be by manner of one or both of wired communication and wireless communication.

[0060] Earlier mentioned, the apparatus(es) 102 can, for example, be configured to generate and / or communicate at least one input signal. The device(s) can, for example, be configured to perform at least one processing task based on the input signal(s) in a manner so as to generate at least one output signal. This will be discussed, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure, in the context of an example scenario with reference to Fig. 1 b to Fig. 1 d, hereinafter.

[0061] In the example scenario, the present disclosure contemplates the context of Ambient loT in 3GPP in relation to, for example, Rel-18: RAN study item (outcome TR 38.848), Rel-19: RAN1 -led study item and / or RAN2-led study item, as shown in Fig. 1 b to Fig.

[0062] 1 d, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. The present disclosure further contemplates the context of RAN WG1 “Study on Solutions for A-loT”, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.

[0063] Additionally, the example scenario can be associated with, for example, a first topology (Topology 1 ) and / or a second topology (Topology 2), as shown in Fig. 1e and Fig. 1f, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.

[0064] Furthermore, the example scenario can be associated with, for example, one or more defined scenarios (e.g., Scenario D1T1 -A1 , Scenario D1T1 -B and / or Scenario D1T1 - C), as shown in Fig. 1 g to Fig. 1 i, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.

[0065] In regard to the example scenario, an apparatus 102 can, for example, correspond to a reader and the device(s) 104 can include a first type device (e.g., one or more A-loT devices) and / or a second type device (e.g., one or more CW nodes), in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. Moreover, in the example scenario, the earlier discussed input signal(s) can, for example, correspond to one or more messages, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. 202404279 12

[0066] The example scenario will be discussed in further detail with reference to Fig. 1 J to Fig. 1 m, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure hereinafter.

[0067] In the example scenario, a reader can be configured to communicate the message(s) to one or both of the first type device (e.g., A-loT device(s)) and, if outside of topology, the second type device (e.g., CW node(s)). The message (e.g., proximity determination message) can, for example, be indicative of a proximity determination operation and / or one or more parameters associated with performing the operation, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.

[0068] In one embodiment, the parameter(s) for the operation can include any one of, or any combination of, the following:

[0069] • Power level of each D2R transmission

[0070] • Number of (successive) D2R transmission(s) required

[0071] • Type of signal pattern / code to be transmitted in each D2R transmission Specifically, the parameter(s) for the operation can include, for example, power level of each D2R transmission, number of (successive) D2R transmission(s) required and / or type of signal pattern / code to be transmitted in each D2R transmission, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.

[0072] In one example, in connection with the defined scenario D1T1 -B, the CW Node(s), on receiving the proximity determination message from the reader, can be configured to control the transmission power to the indicated device(s) (e.g., one of more indicated A-loT devices) per the indication.

[0073] In one example, a A-loT device, if able to successfully decode a R2D message, can be configured to communicate one or more (successive) D2R message(s) transmission(s) (e.g., D2R response(s)):

[0074] • For device type 2b (e.g., associated with defined scenario D1T1 -C), the device(s) can be configured to directly use the transmit power level(s) indicated in the R2D message which triggered the D2R message(s). 202404279 13

[0075] • For device types 1 and 2a (e.g., associated with defined scenarios D1T1 -A1 and D1T1 -B), the power of the D2R messages can be controlled by the CW Node(s) by manner of varying the power of CW transmission to the device(s).

[0076] • The device(s) may, for example, use / communicate a unique pattern / code in the D2R response(s) to avoid contention at the reader and / or facilitating identification (of the device(s)) by the reader.

[0077] In one example, the reader, upon receiving the D2R transmission(s) from the device(s) successfully, can be configured to perform one or more measurements (e.g., received Power and / or signal to noise ratio) in association with the received D2R transmissions and can be configured to compute and / or facilitate computation of distance based on measurement(s), in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. Moreover, one or more parameters which can, for example, be associated with transmission power(s) used by the device(s) and / or other information (e.g., channel state information) can be useful for computation (e.g., by the reader), in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.

[0078] In regard to the example scenario, the present disclosure contemplates an alternative possibility where, as an alternative to / instead of communicating an indication of the power level(s) and / or type of signal pattern / code to the device(s) (e.g., A-loT device(s) and / or CW Node(s)) explicitly, such information (e.g., values) could be defined and listed in a table in the specifications with each combination of number of D2R transmissions, power level and type of signal pattern / code corresponding to a proximity determination type in the form of, for example, a table as shown in Fig. 1 J, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. In this regard, a reader can, for example, (simply) indicate the proximity determination type in a R2D message to the first type device (e.g., A-loT device(s)) and / or in an R2CW message to the second type device (e.g., CW Node(s)), in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.

[0079] In regard to the example scenario, the present disclosure contemplates another alternative possibility where, as an alternative to / Instead of transmitting a proximity determination message indication, a reader can, for example, be configured to communicate a specific type of preamble for the proximity determination message to 202404279 14 the device(s), to indicate to the device(s) that the message contains information related to proximity determination, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. In one example, the type of preamble used to indicate a proximity determination message is defined in the technical specification associated with 3GPP. Upon receiving an R2D message with such preamble, the device(s) can be configured to recognize / identify that the information in the R2D message can relate / pertain to proximity determination, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. The R2D message can include / be associated with / be indicative of / correspond to the parameter(s) for the operation can include any one of, or any combination of, the following:

[0080] • Power level of each D2R transmission

[0081] • Number of (successive) D2R transmission(s) required

[0082] • Type of signal pattern / code to be transmitted in each D2R transmission Specifically, the parameter(s) for the operation can include, for example, power level of each D2R transmission, number of (successive) D2R transmission(s) required and / or type of signal pattern / code to be transmitted in each D2R transmission, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.

[0083] Generally, in the context of the above example scenario, the present disclosure contemplates proximity determination in A-loT by triggering successive D2R transmission(s) from the device(s) at configurable power level(s) for the reader to perform measurement(s) on and take decisions from. Moreover, instead of relying only on R2D transmissions at different power levels to determine proximity, the transmission power or type of signal pattern / code transmitted by the device(s) can be adapted, to more accurately determine under what condition the device(s) is / are “near” the reader.

[0084] Accordingly, in the above manner, it is contemplated that proximity determination can possibly be facilitated in a reliable manner and / or optimal manner.

[0085] The above-described advantageous aspect(s) of the system 100 of the present disclosure can also apply analogously (all) the aspect(s) of a below described apparatus 102 of the present disclosure. Likewise, all below described advantageous 202404279 15 aspect(s) of the apparatus 102 of the disclosure can also apply analogously (all) the aspect(s) of above described system 100 of the disclosure.

[0086] The aforementioned apparatus(es) 102 will be discussed in further detail with reference to Fig. 2 hereinafter.

[0087] Referring to Fig. 2, an apparatus 102 is shown in further detail in the context of an example implementation 200, according to an embodiment of the disclosure.

[0088] In the example implementation 200, the apparatus 102 can correspond to an electronic module 200a. The electronic module 200a can, in one example, correspond to a mobile device which can, for example, be carried into the vehicle by a user, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. In another example, the electronic module 200a can correspond to an electronic device which can be installed / mounted in the vehicle, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. In this regard, the electronic module 200a can be considered to be carried by the vehicle (e.g., either carried into the vehicle by a user or installed / mounted in the vehicle).

[0089] It is contemplated that the electronic module 200a can be capable of performing one or more processing tasks in association with, for example, proximity determination, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure, as discussed earlier with reference to the earlier example scenario.

[0090] The electronic module 200a can, for example, include a casing 200b. Moreover, the electronic module 200a can, for example, carry any one of a first module 202, a second module 204, a third module 206, or any combination thereof.

[0091] In one embodiment, the electronic module 200a can carry a first module 202, a second module 204 and / or a third module 206. In a specific example, the electronic module 200a can carry a first module 202, a second module 204 and a third module 206, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. 202404279 16

[0092] In this regard, it is appreciable that, in one embodiment, the casing 200b can be shaped and dimensioned to carry any one of the first module 202, the second module 204 and the third module 206, or any combination thereof.

[0093] The first module 202 can be coupled to one or both of the second module 204 and the third module 206. The second module 204 can be coupled to one or both of the first module 202 and the third module 206. The third module 206 can be coupled to one or both of the first module 202 and the second module 204. In one example, the first module 202 can be coupled to the second module 204 and the second module 204 can be coupled to the third module 206, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. Coupling between the first module 202, the second module 204 and / or the third module 206 can, for example, be by manner of one or both of wired coupling and wireless coupling. Each of the first module 202, the second module 204 and the third module 206 can correspond to one or both of a hardware-based module and a software-based module, according to an embodiment of the disclosure.

[0094] In one example, the first module 202 can correspond to a hardware-based receiver which can be configured to receive one or more output signals (e.g., based on D2R communication / transmissions). The output signal(s) can, for example, be communicated from the device(s) 104 (e.g., A-loT device(s) and / or CW node(s)), in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.

[0095] The second module 204 can, for example, correspond to a hardware-based processor which can be configured to perform one or more processing tasks (e.g., in a manner so as to generate one or more input signals and / or to process the received output signal(s)) as will be discussed later in further detail with reference to Fig. 3, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.

[0096] The third module 206 can correspond to a hardware-based transmitter which can be configured to communicate one or more input signals from the electronic module 200a.

[0097] The present disclosure contemplates the possibility that the first and second modules 202 / 204 can be an integrated software-hardware based module (e.g., an electronic 202404279 17 part which can carry a software program / algorithm in association with receiving and processing functions / an electronic module programmed to perform the functions of receiving and processing). The present disclosure further contemplates the possibility that the first and third modules 202 / 206 can be an integrated software-hardware based module (e.g., an electronic part which can carry a software program / algorithm in association with receiving and transmitting functions / an electronic module programmed to perform the functions of receiving and transmitting). The present disclosure yet further contemplates the possibility that the first and third modules 202 / 206 can be an integrated hardware module (e.g., a hardware-based transceiver) capable of performing the functions of receiving and transmitting.

[0098] In the above manner, it is contemplated that proximity determination can possibly be facilitated in a reliable manner and / or optimal manner.

[0099] The above-described advantageous aspect(s) of the apparatus 102 of the present disclosure can also apply analogously (all) the aspect(s) of a below described processing / communication method of the present disclosure. Likewise, all below described advantageous aspect(s) of the processing / communication method of the disclosure can also apply analogously (all) the aspect(s) of above described apparatus 102 of the disclosure. It is to be appreciated that these remarks apply analogously to the earlier discussed system 100 of the present disclosure.

[0100] Referring to Fig. 3, a communication method (also referable to as a processing method) in association with the system 100 is shown, according to an embodiment of the disclosure.

[0101] The processing method 300 can, for example, be suitable for / capable of facilitating communication, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. Specifically, the processing method 300 can, for example, be suitable for facilitating communication in one or both of an optimal manner and reliable manner (i.e., optimal manner and / or reliable manner), in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. In a more specific example, the processing method 300 can, for example, be suitable for 202404279 18 facilitating communication in association with proximity determination, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.

[0102] The processing method 300 can include any one of an input step 302, a processing step 304 and an output step 306, or any combination thereof, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.

[0103] In one embodiment, the processing method 300 can include the input step 302. In another embodiment, the processing method 300 can include the input step 302 and the processing step 304. In another embodiment, the processing method 300 can include the output step 306. In yet another embodiment, the processing method 300 can include the processing step 304 and one or both of the input step 302 and the output step 306. In yet a further embodiment, the processing method 300 can include the input step 302, the processing step 304 and the output step 306. In yet a further additional embodiment, the processing method 300 can include the processing step 304. In yet another further additional embodiment, the processing method 300 can include any one of or any combination of the input step 302, the processing step 304 and the output step 306 (i.e. , the input step 302, the processing step 304 and / or the output step 306).

[0104] With regard to the input step 302, one or more input signal(s) can, for example, be generated and / or communicated, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. For example, the input signal(s) can be generated by the apparatus(es) 102. In a further example, the input signal(s) can be communicated by the apparatus(es) 102 and can be received by the device(s) 104, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.

[0105] With regard to the input step 302, one or more output signal(s) can, for example, be received, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. For example, the output signal(s) can be generated and communicated by the device(s) 104. In a further example, the output signal(s) can be communicated by the device(s) 104 and can be received by the apparatus(es) 102, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. 202404279 19

[0106] With regard to the input step 302, at least one input signal can be generated / communicated / received and / or at least one output signal can be communicated / generated / received, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.

[0107] With regard to the processing step 304, at least processing task can be performed in association with the received input signal(s) in a manner so as to generate one or more output signals, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.

[0108] With regard to the processing step 304, at least processing task can be performed in association with the received output signal(s) in a manner so as to facilitate determination and / or determine at least one distance, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. For example, the output signal(s) can be communicated from the device(s) 104. In a more specific example, the output signal(s) can be communicated from a first device 104 to one or both of at least a second device 104 and at least one apparatus 102, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. For example, the apparatus(es) 102 can be configured to receive and process the output signal(s) (e.g., received power and / or signal to noise ratio) to compute / derive / determine (e.g., performs one or more measurements on the output signal(s)) one or more results which can include, for example, distance. For example, an apparatus 102 (e.g., a reader) can receive and process (e.g., performs measurement(s) on) the output signal(s) (e.g., D2R transmissions) to determ ine / derive distance(s) based on measurement(s), transmission power(s) (used by the device(s) 104) and / or other information such as channel state information.

[0109] With regard to the processing step 304, at least processing task can be performed in association with the input signal(s) and / or the output signal(s), in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.

[0110] With regard to the output step 306, the output signal(s) can, for example, be communicated, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. For example, the output signal(s) can be communicated from the device(s) 104. In a more specific 202404279 20 example, the output signal(s) can be communicated from a first device 104 to one or both of at least a second device 104 and at least one apparatus 102, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. For example, the apparatus(es) 102 can be configured to receive and process the output signal(s) (e.g., received power and / or signal to noise ratio) to compute / derive / determine (e.g., performs one or more measurements on the output signal(s)) one or more results which can include, for example, distance. For example, an apparatus 102 (e.g., a reader) can receive and process (e.g., performs measurement(s) on) the output signal(s) (e.g., D2R transmissions) to determ ine / derive distance(s) based on measurement(s), transmission power(s) (used by the device(s) 104) and / or other information such as channel state information.

[0111] With regard to the output step 306, the input signal(s) can, for example, be communicated, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. For example, the input signal(s) can be communicated from the apparatus(es) 102. In a more specific example, the input signal(s) can be communicated from a reader to one or more devices 104 (e.g., at least one first type device such as a A-loT device and / or at least one second type device such as a CW node). The input signals can, for example, be communicated from the apparatus(es) 102 and received by the device(s) 104 for processing to generate one or more output signal(s), in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.

[0112] With regard to the output step 306, at least one input signal and / or at least one output signal can be communicated, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.

[0113] In the above manner, it is contemplated that proximity determination can possibly be facilitated in a reliable manner and / or optimal manner.

[0114] The processing method 300 will be discussed in further detail with reference to a first example context and a second example context, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. 202404279 21

[0115] Fig. 4a and Fig. 4b show a first example context in association with the processing method 300, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.

[0116] Referring to Fig. 4a, a reader (e.g., an apparatus 102) can, for example, be configured to perform processing tasks in association with any one of, or any combination of, the following:

[0117] • Communicate proximity determination R2D message to one or more first type device(s) 104 such as A-loT device(s).

[0118] • Determine whether expected (number of) D2R message(s) has / have been received from the A-loT device(s).

[0119] • Verify whether all relevant D2R message(s) have been received.

[0120] • Determine proximity based on measurements from D2R message(s) / signal(s) In this regard, one or more input signals can possibly be communicated from a reader and the input signal(s) can, for example, include / be indicative of / correspond to / be associated with proximity determination R2D message(s), in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.

[0121] Referring to Fig. 4b, a first type device 104 (e.g., an A-loT device) can, for example, be configured to perform processing tasks in association with one or both of the following:

[0122] • Determine receipt of proximity determination R2D message(s) from the reader

[0123] • Generate and / or communicate one or more (successive) D2R message(s) to the reader (as indicated in proximity determination R2D message)

[0124] In this regard, one or more output signals can possibly be communicated from a device and the output signal(s) can, for example, include / be indicative of / correspond to / be associated with D2R message(s), in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.

[0125] Fig. 4c to Fig. 4e show a second example context in association with the processing method 300, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.

[0126] Referring to Fig. 4c, a reader (e.g., an apparatus 102) can, for example, be configured to perform processing tasks in association with any one of, or any combination of, the following: 202404279 22

[0127] • Communicate proximity determination R2D message to one or more first type device(s) 104 such as A-loT device(s)

[0128] • Communicate proximity determination R2D message to one or more second type device(s) 104 such as CW node(s).

[0129] • Determine whether expected (number of) D2R message(s) has / have been received from the device(s) 104 (i.e., the first type and / or the second type device(s) 104).

[0130] • Verify whether all relevant D2R message(s) have been received.

[0131] • Determine proximity based on measurements from D2R message(s) / signal(s) In this regard, one or more input signals can possibly be communicated from a reader and the input signal(s) can, for example, include / be indicative of / correspond to / be associated with proximity determination R2D message(s), in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.

[0132] Referring to Fig. 4d, a first type device 104 (e.g., an A-loT device) can, for example, be configured to perform processing tasks in association with one or both of the following:

[0133] • Determine receipt of proximity determination R2D message(s) from the reader

[0134] • Generate and / or communicate one or more (successive) D2R message(s) by manner of backscattering CW to the reader (as indicated in proximity determination R2D message)

[0135] In this regard, one or more output signals can possibly be communicated from a device and the output signal(s) can, for example, include / be indicative of / correspond to / be associated with D2R message(s), in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.

[0136] Referring to Fig. 4e, a second type device 104 (e.g., a CW node) can, for example, be configured to perform processing tasks in association with one or both of the following:

[0137] • Determine receipt of proximity determination R2D message(s) from the reader

[0138] • Generate and / or communicate one or more (successive) D2R message(s) by manner of backscattering CW to the reader (as indicated in proximity determination R2D message) 202404279 23

[0139] In this regard, one or more output signals can possibly be communicated from a device and the output signal(s) can, for example, include / be indicative of / correspond to / be associated with D2R message(s), in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure

[0140] In view of the foregoing, the present disclosure generally contemplates a processing method 300 which can, for example, include an input step 302, a processing step 304 and / or an output step 306, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.

[0141] In one embodiment, the input step 302 can, for example, include communicating one or more input signals which can, for example, be indicative of at least one proximity determination message. The proximity determination message can, for example, be associated with a proximity determination operation, a proximity determination type and / or a preamble.

[0142] In one embodiment, the processing step 304 can, for example, include one or both of (i.e. , at least one of):

[0143] • receiving one or more input signals which can be indicative of at least one proximity determination message

[0144] • processing the input signal(s) to generate at least one output signal which can, for example, be communicated and / or (i.e., one or both of; at least one of) processed to determine at least one distance.

[0145] In one embodiment, the processing step 304 can, for example, include processing the output signal(s) in a manner so as to one or both of determine and facilitate determination of at least one distance. For example, the output signal(s) can be processed by manner of performing at least one measurement of the output signal(s) and the distance(s) can, for example, be computed / determined / derived based on the measurement, and one or both of transmission power and channel state information.

[0146] In one embodiment, the output step 306 can, for example, include communicating the input signal(s) and / or the output signal(s) (i.e., one or both of the input signal(s) and the output signal(s)). 202404279 24

[0147] In one embodiment, generally, the present disclosure contemplates a processing method 300 which can include an input step 302 which can include communicating (e.g., from an apparatus 102) at least one input signal indicative of at least one proximity determination message and a processing step 304 which can include processing (e.g., at a processing step 304 associated with a device 104) the proximity determination message in a manner so as to generate at least one output signal. The at least one output signal can, for example, be processed (e.g., at a processing step 304 associated with an apparatus 102) in a manner so as to determine at least one distance and / or facilitate determination of at least one distance.

[0148] In one example, when the proximity determination message(s) can be associated with a proximity determination operation, the input signal(s) can include at least one parameter for performing the proximity determination operation. The parameter(s) can include, for example, power level of each D2R transmission (Device to Reader), number of D2R transmissions required and / or type of signal pattern / code to be transmitted in each D2R transmission.

[0149] In one example, the output signal(s) can include at least one D2R transmission. The output signal(s) can, for example, be communicated and processed in a manner so as to determine at least one distance, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.

[0150] In one specific example, in the context of a type 2b device, the output signal(s) can be generated based on transmission of power level indicated per the R2D message(s). The present disclosure contemplates that, generally, a type 2b device can, for example, relate to / be associated with / correspond to a type of device which can, for example, be capable of generating at least one D2R signal (by the device itself) and can hence control power of the D2R signal(s) using an indication from a gNB, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.

[0151] In another specific example, in the context of one or both of a type 1 device and a type 2a device, the output signal(s) can be generated based on power of CW (Carrier Wave) 202404279 25 transmission to device. Power of CW transmission can, for example, be capable of being controlled by a CW node. The present disclosure contemplates that, generally, a type 1 device and a type 2a device can, for example, relate to / be associated with / correspond to a type of device which does not, for example, generate a carrier for a D2R signal (by the device itself), in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.

[0152] The present disclosure contemplates that a D2R signal can, for example, include a carrier wave which can be modulated by another information signal generated by the device(s), in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. In the specific example of the type 1 device and the type 2a device, the carrier wave can be supplied by the CW node, so such device(s) can modulate such CWwave, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. In contrast, in the specific example of the type 2b device, both the CW and the modulation can be generated by the type 2b device, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.

[0153] In one example, the D2R message(s) can be associated with at least one unique pattern / code to facilitate avoidance of contention during receipt and / or to facilitate identification of device.

[0154] In one example, when the proximity determination message(s) can be associated with a proximity determination type, the input signal(s) can include at least one R2D message and / or at least one R2CW message which can indicate the proximity determination type associable with values associated with a table of values.

[0155] In one example, when the proximity determination message can be associated with a preamble, the input signal(s) can include a type of preamble for the proximity determination message which can be indicative of information relatable to proximity determination.

[0156] The present disclosure further contemplates a computer program (not shown) which can include instructions which, when the program is executed by a computer (not shown), cause the computer to carry out the input step 302, the processing step 304 and / or the output step 306 as discussed with reference to the 202404279 26 communication / processing method 300. For example, the computer program can include instructions which, when the program is executed by a computer, cause the computer to carry out the input step 302 and / or the processing step 304, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.

[0157] The present disclosure yet further contemplates a computer readable storage medium (not shown) having data stored therein representing software executable by a computer (not shown), the software including instructions, when executed by the computer, to carry out the input step 302, the processing step 304 and / or the output step 306 as discussed with reference to the communication / processing method 300. For example, the computer readable storage medium can have data stored therein representing software executable by a computer, the software including instructions, when executed by the computer, cause the computer to carry out the input step 302 and / or the processing step 304, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.

[0158] Further in view of the foregoing, it is appreciable that the present disclosure generally contemplates an apparatus 102 which can include a first module 202, a second module 204 and / or a third module 206, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.

[0159] The first module 202 can be configured to generate one or more input signals.

[0160] The second module 204 can be configured to process and / or facilitate processing of one or more signal(s) according to the processing method 300, as discussed earlier, to determine at least one distance.

[0161] The third module 206 can be configured to communicate the input signal(s).

[0162] The input signal(s) can, for example, be processed to generate the output signal(s).

[0163] Further in view of the foregoing, it is appreciable that the present disclosure generally contemplates a device 104 which can include a first module 202, a second module 204 and / or a third module 206, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. 202404279 27

[0164] The first module 202 can be configured to receive at least one input signal.

[0165] The second module 204 can be configured to process the input signal(s) according to the processing method 300, as discussed earlier, to generate one or more output signals.

[0166] The third module 206 can be configured to communicate the output signal(s).

[0167] Yet further in view of the foregoing, it is appreciable that the present disclosure generally contemplates a system 100 which can include one or more apparatuses 102 and one or more devices 104. The apparatus(es) 102 and the device(s) 104 can, for example, be capable of being coupled via wired coupling and / or wireless coupling.

[0168] It should be appreciated that the embodiments described above can be combined in any manner as appropriate (e.g., one or more embodiments as discussed in the “Detailed Description” section can be combined with one or more embodiments as described in the “Summary of the Invention” section).

[0169] It should be further appreciated by the person skilled in the art that variations and combinations of embodiments described above, not being alternatives or substitutes, may be combined to form yet further embodiments.

[0170] In one example, the present disclosure can be useful in, for example, other low-power systems where proximity determination needs to be performed, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.

[0171] In another example, the example implementation 200 is discussed generally in the context of an apparatus 102 (e.g., a reader). It is appreciable that the example implementation 200 can be analogously applicable in the context of a device 104 (e.g., a A-loT device and / or a CW node), in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. For example, a device 104 can include, in analogous manner as discussed in the context of an apparatus 102, a first module 202, a second module 204 and / or a 202404279 28 third module 206, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. In this regard, it is appreciable that relevant portions of the foregoing discussion with reference to Fig.

[0172] 2, can analogously apply to the context of a device 104, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.

[0173] In the foregoing manner, various embodiments of the disclosure are described for addressing at least one of the foregoing disadvantages. Such embodiments are intended to be encompassed by the following claims, and are not to be limited to specific forms or arrangements of parts so described and it will be apparent to one skilled in the art in view of this disclosure that numerous changes and / or modification can be made, which are also intended to be encompassed by the following claims.

Claims

202404279 29Claim(s)1 . A processing method (300) comprising: an input step (302) which comprises communicating at least one input signal indicative of at least one proximity determination message associable with at least one of: a proximity determination operation; a proximity determination type; and a preamble.

2. The processing method (300) as in claim 1 , wherein when the proximity determination message is associable with a proximity determination operation, the input signal comprises at least one parameter for performing the proximity determination operation.

3. The processing method (300) as in claim 2, wherein the at least one parameter comprises at least one of: power level of each D2R transmission (Device to Reader) number of D2R transmissions required; and type of signal pattern / code to be transmitted in each D2R transmission.

4. The processing method (300) as in claim 3, wherein at least one output signal comprising the D2R transmission is communicable and processable to determine at least one distance.

5. The processing method (300) as in claim 4, wherein at least one output signal is generated, in association with a type 2b device, based on transmission of power level indicated per the R2D message.

6. The processing method (300) as in claim 4, wherein at least one output signal is generated, in association with a type 1 device and / or a type 2a device, based on power of CW (Carrier Wave) transmission to device.202404279 307. The processing method (300) as in claim 6, wherein power of CW transmission is controllable by a CW node.

8. The processing method (300) as in claim 4, wherein the D2R message is associable with at least one unique pattern / code to facilitate avoidance of contention during receipt and / or to facilitate identification of device.

9. The processing method (300) as in claim 1 , wherein when the proximity determination message is associable with a proximity determination type, the input signal comprises at least one of a R2D message and a R2CW message indicating the proximity determination type associable with values associated with a table of values.

10. The processing method (300) as in claim 1 , wherein when the proximity determination message is associable with a preamble, the input signal comprises a type of preamble for the proximity determination message indicative of information relatable to proximity determination.

11. A processing method (300) comprising: a processing step (304) comprising: receiving at least one input signal indicative of at least one proximity determination message; and processing the at least one input signal to generate at least one output signal communicable and processable to determine at least one distance.

12. A processing method (300) comprising: a processing step (304) comprising: processing at least one output signal in a manner so as to at least one of determine and facilitate determination of at least one distance.

13. The processing method (300) as in claim 12, the at least one output signal being processable by manner of performing at least one measurement of the at least one output signal, wherein the at least one distance is determinable based on the measurement and at least one of transmission power and channel state information.202404279 3114. A processing method (300) comprising: an input step (302) which comprises communicating at least one input signal indicative of at least one proximity determination message; a processing step (304) which comprises processing the proximity determination message in a manner so as to generate at least one output signal, wherein the at least one output signal being processable in a manner so as to at least one of: determine at least one distance, and facilitate determination of at least one distance.

15. The processing method (300) of any of the preceding claims further comprising: an output step (306) which comprises communicating at least one of: the at least one input signal; and the at least one output signal.

16. A computer program comprising instructions which, when the program is executed by a computer, cause the computer to carry out at least one of the input step, the processing step and the output step according to the processing method of any of the preceding claims.

17. A computer readable storage medium having data stored therein representing software executable by a computer, the software including instructions, when executed by the computer, to carry out at least one of the input step, the processing step and the output step according to the processing method of any of the preceding claims.

18. An apparatus (102) comprising: a first module (202) configurable to generate at least one input signal; a second module (204) configurable to process at least one output signal according to the processing method (300) of claim 1 to 15 to determine at least one distance; and a third module (206) configurable to communicate at least one input signal202404279 32 wherein the at least one input signal is processable to generate the at least one output signal.

19. A device (104) comprising: a first module (202) configurable to receive at least one input signal; a second module (204) configurable to process the at least one input signal according to the processing method (300) of claim 1 to 15 to generate at least one output signal; and a third module (206) configurable to communicate at least one output signal.

20. A system comprising: at least one apparatus (102) according to claim 18; and at least one device (104) according to claim 19, wherein the apparatus (102) and the device (104) are capable of being coupled via at least one of wired coupling and wireless coupling.

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