Photovoltaic module, control method for photovoltaic module, and computer-readable storage medium

Abstract

A photovoltaic module, a control method for a photovoltaic module, and a computer-readable storage medium. The photovoltaic module comprises: photovoltaic panels each having a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other, wherein the first surfaces are used for receiving sunlight; a support, the photovoltaic panels being arranged on the support, and the support being used for adjusting the orientation of the first surfaces; and a solar tracker arranged on the support, wherein a light-receiving surface of the solar tracker is kept parallel to the first surfaces, and the solar tracker is used for acquiring an image of the sky that the light-receiving surface faces, and on the basis of the brightness distribution of the image of the sky, controlling the support to adjust the orientation of the first surfaces, so that an included angle between sunlight and the first surfaces is kept within a preset range. By means of the technical solution of the present application, the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic modules can be effectively improved.

Description

Photovoltaic module, control method of photovoltaic module and computer readable storage medium

[0001] The present application claims priority to the Chinese patent application No. 2024111243424, filed on August 15, 2024, and entitled "Photovoltaic module, control method of photovoltaic module and computer readable storage medium", the whole content of which is incorporated herein by reference. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present application relates to the field of photovoltaic power generation, and in particular to a photovoltaic module, a control method of the photovoltaic module and a computer readable storage medium. BACKGROUND

[0003] Photovoltaic power generation refers to a power generation method that converts the energy of sunlight into electrical energy by using the photovoltaic effect of a photovoltaic panel. In recent years, with the increasing importance of environmental protection and energy security, and the increasing popularity of carbon neutralization, photovoltaic power generation, as a clean, renewable and distributed energy form, has become an important part of global energy.

[0004] Traditional photovoltaic power stations use fixed photovoltaic panels. Since the position of the sun in the sky changes throughout the day, the angle at which the sunlight strikes the photovoltaic panel also changes. When the sunlight is perpendicular to the photovoltaic panel, its power generation efficiency is the highest. Therefore, for a fixed photovoltaic panel, there is only a very short period of time in a day when the sunlight is perpendicular to the photovoltaic panel, and the photovoltaic panel is in a high-efficiency power generation state. At other times, the power generation efficiency is greatly reduced, and therefore the overall power generation efficiency is very poor and the economic benefit is low.

[0005] In order to solve this problem, some manufacturers fix the photovoltaic panels on a rotatable photovoltaic support, and the support always rotates towards the sun to keep the photovoltaic panel in a high-efficiency working state as much as possible. The rotatable photovoltaic support improves the absorption efficiency of the photovoltaic panel for solar energy to some extent, and makes the solar power station achieve a higher return on investment.

[0006] The existing rotatable support mainly calculates the sun angle by using the solar calendar, thereby rotating the photovoltaic panel to make the photovoltaic panel perpendicular to the sunlight as much as possible to obtain the maximum effective light exposure surface. This method has many problems, mainly in the following aspects:

[0007] Firstly, the method of calculating the sun angle by using the solar calendar is not absolutely reliable. This method does not take into account the actual installation environment of the photovoltaic panel. For example, for a photovoltaic panel installed on a non-horizontal ground, the existing method cannot effectively calibrate the photovoltaic panel, so that the photovoltaic panel always deviates from the optimal irradiation angle.

[0008] Secondly, even if the photovoltaic panel is installed on a horizontal ground and is carefully calibrated at the initial setting. But over time, the photovoltaic panel itself and the installation environment will gradually change, such as the deformation of the photovoltaic panel, the wear of the rotating shaft, the subsidence of the ground of the installation environment, the depression, etc. These factors will cause the photovoltaic panel to gradually deviate from the optimal irradiation angle after a long time of operation.

[0009] It can be seen that the existing photovoltaic panel generally has the problem of poor power generation efficiency.

[0010] SUMMARY

[0011] The technical problem solved by the present application is how to improve the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0012] To solve the above technical problem, the embodiment of the present application provides a photovoltaic module, comprising: a photovoltaic panel having opposite first and second surfaces, wherein the first surface is used to receive sunlight; a bracket, the photovoltaic panel is arranged on the bracket, the bracket is used to adjust the orientation of the first surface; a light tracker is arranged on the bracket, the light receiving surface of the light tracker is parallel to the first surface, the light tracker is used to obtain the sky image in the direction of the light receiving surface, and the bracket is controlled to adjust the orientation of the first surface according to the brightness distribution of the sky image, so that the angle between the sunlight and the first surface is kept within a preset range.

[0013] Optionally, the preset range is [82°, 98°].

[0014] Optionally, the light tracker collects the sky image at a preset interval.

[0015] Optionally, the light tracker comprises: a sensor for obtaining the sky image; a control module in communication with the sensor to receive the sky image, the control module is used to identify the first site with the highest brightness from the sky image, and control the bracket to move until the reference site coincides with the first site, the reference site is used to represent the position of the first site in the sky image when the angle between the sunlight and the first surface falls within the preset range.

[0016] Optionally, the accuracy of the first site located in the non-edge area of the sky image representing the position of the sun in the sky image is greater than the accuracy of the first site located in the edge area of the sky image representing the position of the sun in the sky image.

[0017] Optionally, the frequency of the sensor collecting the sky image when the first site is located in the edge area of the sky image is higher than the frequency of the sensor collecting the sky image when the first site is located in the non-edge area of the sky image.

[0018] Optionally, the control module establishes a two-dimensional coordinate system in the sky image to determine coordinates of the first site and the reference site in the sky image.

[0019] Optionally, the two-dimensional coordinate system comprises a first axis and a second axis perpendicular to each other, wherein the first axis corresponds to an east-west direction of the sun movement, the second axis corresponds to a south-north direction of the sun movement, the first axis and the second axis intersect at a geometric center of the sky image, and the reference site is located on the second axis.

[0020] Optionally, the support frame comprises a rotating shaft connected to the second surface, the rotating shaft being used to drive the photovoltaic panel to rotate around an axial direction of the rotating shaft; and a support rod movably connected to the rotating shaft, the support rod being used to support the rotating shaft and the photovoltaic panel.

[0021] Optionally, the support rod is connected to a middle portion of the rotating shaft, and at least two photovoltaic panels are arranged on two sides of the support rod along an extension direction of the rotating shaft.

[0022] Optionally, the rotating shaft is rotatable around an axial direction of the support rod.

[0023] Optionally, the photovoltaic assembly further comprises a driving module arranged in the support frame, the driving module being in communication with the control module, and the driving module being used to drive at least a portion of the support frame to rotate so as to adjust an orientation of the photovoltaic panel.

[0024] Optionally, the light tracker further controls the photovoltaic assembly to switch to a sunny day working mode or a cloudy day working mode according to the sky image, wherein an energy consumption of the photovoltaic assembly in the cloudy day working mode is lower than an energy consumption of the photovoltaic assembly in the sunny day working mode.

[0025] Optionally, the light tracker acquires an equivalent brightness value of a brightest place in the sky image, and controls the photovoltaic assembly to switch to the cloudy day working mode when the equivalent brightness value is less than or equal to a preset threshold value, and controls the photovoltaic assembly to switch to the sunny day working mode when the equivalent brightness value is greater than the preset threshold value.

[0026] Optionally, compared with the sunny day working mode, the light tracker acquires the sky image at a lower frequency in the cloudy day working mode.

[0027] To solve the above technical problems, the embodiment of the present application also provides a control method of a photovoltaic assembly, the photovoltaic assembly comprising a photovoltaic panel having opposite first and second surfaces, wherein the first surface is used for receiving sunlight, the method comprising: acquiring a sky image; and adjusting the orientation of the first surface according to the brightness distribution of the sky image, so that the angle between the sunlight and the first surface is kept within a preset range.

[0028] Optionally, the preset range is [82°, 98°].

[0029] Optionally, the adjusting of the orientation of the first surface according to the brightness distribution of the sky image comprises: establishing a two-dimensional coordinate system in the sky image; determining the coordinates of a first site and a reference site in the sky image, wherein the first site is the point with the highest brightness in the sky image, and the reference site is used to represent the position of the first site in the sky image when the angle between the sunlight and the first surface falls within the preset range; and controlling the movement of the photovoltaic panel until the reference site coincides with the first site.

[0030] Optionally, the two-dimensional coordinate system comprises a first axis and a second axis perpendicular to each other, wherein the first axis corresponds to the east-west direction of the sun movement, the second axis corresponds to the south-north direction of the sun movement, the first axis and the second axis intersect at the geometric center of the sky image, and the reference site is located on the second axis.

[0031] Optionally, after the acquisition of the sky image, the method further comprises: acquiring the equivalent brightness value of the brightest part in the sky image; in response to the equivalent brightness value being greater than a preset threshold, switching the photovoltaic assembly to a sunny day working mode; in response to the equivalent brightness value being less than or equal to the preset threshold, switching the photovoltaic assembly to an overcast day working mode; wherein the energy consumption of the photovoltaic assembly in the overcast day working mode is lower than the energy consumption of the photovoltaic assembly in the sunny day working mode.

[0032] To solve the above technical problems, the embodiment of the present application also provides a computer readable storage medium, which is a non-volatile storage medium or a non-transient storage medium, and has stored thereon a computer program, the computer program being executed by a processor to perform the steps of the control method of the photovoltaic assembly.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the embodiment of the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0034] The embodiment of the present application provides a photovoltaic module, comprising: a photovoltaic panel having opposite first and second surfaces, wherein the first surface is used for receiving sunlight; a support, wherein the photovoltaic panel is arranged on the support, and the support is used for adjusting the orientation of the first surface; and a light tracker arranged on the support, wherein the light receiving surface of the light tracker is parallel to the first surface, the light tracker is used for acquiring a sky image oriented by the light receiving surface, and the support is controlled to adjust the orientation of the first surface according to the brightness distribution of the sky image, so that the included angle between the sunlight and the first surface is kept within a preset range.

[0035] Compared with the prior art, the photovoltaic module of the embodiment of the present application can adjust the orientation of the photovoltaic panel in real time according to the brightness distribution of the sky image, so that the photovoltaic panel is always kept in a posture substantially perpendicular to the sunlight to obtain the maximum photoelectric conversion efficiency. By introducing the light tracker, the photovoltaic panel can adjust the orientation in real time to maximize the reception of the sunlight, thereby significantly improving the power generation efficiency. The parallel design of the light tracker and the photovoltaic panel ensures the accuracy of the adjustment, and the adjustment method is based on the real-time illumination environment, so there is no calculation error or the error is extremely small.

[0036] Further, the light tracker collects the sky image at a preset interval, so as to ensure that the photovoltaic panel timely responds to the change of the sun position and adaptively adjusts the orientation, while avoiding the energy consumption and wear caused by excessive adjustment (such as too frequent adjustment times or too large single adjustment amplitude).

[0037] Further, the accuracy of the first site for representing the sun is inferred according to the position of the first site in the sky image, and the frequency of the sensor collecting the sky image is adjusted according to the accuracy, so as to avoid misjudgment of the sun position and quickly acquire the exact position of the sun in the sky image.

[0038] Further, the present application can also control the photovoltaic module to switch to a cloudy day working mode or a sunny day working mode according to the illumination intensity, so that the photovoltaic module automatically enters the cloudy day working mode in the weather condition not suitable for photovoltaic power generation, so as to reduce the energy consumption and save the production cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0039] Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0040] Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a light tracker in Fig. 1;

[0041] Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a photovoltaic module according to a variation of the embodiment of the present application;

[0042] Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a sensor acquiring the sun position in Fig. 2;

[0043] Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a control module establishing a two-dimensional coordinate system in Fig. 2;

[0044] Fig. 6 is a flow chart of a control method of a photovoltaic assembly according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0045] Fig. 7 is a flow chart of a specific implementation of step S2 in Fig. 6. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] As described in the background, the existing rotatable support mainly calculates the solar angle according to the solar calendar to rotate the photovoltaic panel so as to make the photovoltaic panel as perpendicular as possible to the sunlight to obtain the maximum effective illumination surface. This method cannot make real-time and targeted adjustment according to the specific installation scene and weather conditions and other factors, resulting in poor power generation efficiency and low economic benefit.

[0047] To solve the above technical problems, the present application provides a photovoltaic assembly, a control method of the photovoltaic assembly and a computer readable storage medium, wherein the photovoltaic assembly comprises: a photovoltaic panel having opposite first and second surfaces, wherein the first surface is used to receive sunlight; a support, the photovoltaic panel is arranged on the support, and the support is used to adjust the orientation of the first surface; a light tracker arranged on the support, the light receiving surface of the light tracker is parallel to the first surface, the light tracker is used to obtain the sky image towards which the light receiving surface is directed, and the support is controlled to adjust the orientation of the first surface according to the brightness distribution of the sky image, so as to keep the included angle between the sunlight and the first surface within a preset range.

[0048] Compared with the prior art, the photovoltaic assembly according to the present application can adjust the orientation of the photovoltaic panel in real time according to the brightness distribution of the sky image, so as to keep the photovoltaic panel in a posture substantially perpendicular to the sunlight at all times to obtain the maximum photoelectric conversion efficiency. By introducing the light tracker, the photovoltaic panel can adjust the orientation in real time to maximize the reception of sunlight, thereby significantly improving the power generation efficiency. The parallel design of the light tracker and the photovoltaic panel ensures the accuracy of the adjustment, and this adjustment method is based on the real-time illumination environment, so there is no calculation error or the error is extremely small.

[0049] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0050] Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a photovoltaic assembly 100 according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0051] Referring to FIG. 1, the photovoltaic module 100 comprises a photovoltaic panel 1 having opposite first and second faces 11 and 12 (not shown in the figure), wherein the first face 11 is configured to receive solar rays; a support 2, wherein the photovoltaic panel 1 is disposed on the support 2, and the support 2 is configured to adjust the orientation of the first face 11; and a light tracker 3 disposed on the support 2, wherein the light receiving face 31 (as shown in FIG. 2) of the light tracker 3 is parallel to the first face 11, and the light tracker 3 is configured to acquire an image of the sky in the direction of the light receiving face 31, and to control the support 2 to adjust the orientation of the first face 11 according to the brightness distribution of the image of the sky, so that the angle between the solar rays and the first face 11 is kept within a preset range.

[0052] Specifically, the photovoltaic panel 1, also referred to as a solar panel, is the core component of a solar power generation system, and its main function is to convert solar energy into electrical energy.

[0053] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic panel 1 can comprise a first face 11 formed by splicing a plurality of cell pieces 10. The cell piece 10 is the main structure for realizing photoelectric conversion. The cell piece 10 can be made of silicon material, for example, can be composed of monocrystalline silicon and polycrystalline silicon.

[0054] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic panel 1 can further comprise a glass cover layer (not shown in the figure) covering the plurality of cell pieces 10, and the glass cover layer is adapted to form the first face 11. The glass cover layer can be, for example, transparent tempered glass, which can protect the plurality of cell pieces 10, and at the same time, the transparent tempered glass will not affect the absorption of solar rays by the cell pieces 10.

[0055] In some embodiments, an adhesive substance can be used to bond the glass cover layer and the plurality of cell pieces 10. The adhesive substance can be, for example, EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer) or the like, to ensure the structural stability and sealing of the photovoltaic panel 1.

[0056] Further, the second face can be, for example, the face opposite to the first face 11 of the photovoltaic panel 1. That is, the second face is formed on the back (or back light face) of the photovoltaic panel 1.

[0057] Further, the support 2 can be connected to the second face of the photovoltaic panel 1, so that the first face 11 can be completely exposed for absorbing solar rays. The support 2 is a stable base of the photovoltaic panel 1, and is configured to bear the weight of the photovoltaic panel 1. Further, the support 2 can also be configured to adjust the orientation of the first face 11 of the photovoltaic panel 1, so as to maximize the reception of solar rays.

[0058] Further, the light tracker 3 is a smart control unit in the photovoltaic assembly 100. In combination with FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the light tracker 3 is installed on the bracket 2, and its light receiving surface 31 is parallel to the first surface 11 of the photovoltaic panel. The light tracker 3 is used to obtain the sky image towards the light receiving surface 31, and analyze the brightness distribution in the sky image. Based on the information of the brightness distribution, the light tracker 3 can intelligently infer the position of the sun, and control the bracket 2 to adjust the orientation of the first surface 11 of the photovoltaic panel 1. In this way, the angle between the sunlight and the first surface 11 of the photovoltaic panel 1 can be kept within a preset optimal range, so as to ensure that the photovoltaic panel can always receive the sunlight with high efficiency to improve the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic assembly 100.

[0059] In some embodiments, the preset range of the angle between the sunlight and the first surface 11 of the photovoltaic panel 1 is [82°, 98°]. In photovoltaic technology, the incident angle of the sunlight has a direct impact on the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic assembly 100. Specifically, when the angle between the sunlight and the first surface 11 is close to vertical, the photovoltaic panel 1 can theoretically receive the maximum radiant energy of the sunlight, and the power generation efficiency is also the highest. However, in actual application, due to the rotation of the earth, the installation position of the photovoltaic assembly 100, and the weather conditions and other factors, it is difficult to ensure that the sunlight is always vertically incident on the photovoltaic panel 1. Through a large number of experiments and data analysis, the inventors determined a relatively optimal angle range, i.e. [82°, 98°]. Within this range, the photovoltaic panel 1 can maintain a relatively high power generation efficiency, while taking into account the stability of the system and the convenience of maintenance.

[0060] In a preferred embodiment, the light tracker 3 can control the bracket 2 to adjust the orientation of the first surface 11 according to the brightness distribution of the sky image, so that the angle between the sunlight and the first surface 11 is kept at 90°. In this way, the absorption and conversion of the sunlight by the photovoltaic panel 1 can be maximized, and the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic assembly 100 is maximized.

[0061] In some embodiments, the light tracker 3 collects the sky image at a preset interval. In this way, the specific position of the sun can be efficiently and accurately tracked, so that the angle between the first surface of the photovoltaic panel 1 and the sunlight falls within the preset range.

[0062] In some embodiments, the preset interval can be set based on a comprehensive consideration of multiple factors, including but not limited to the speed of the sun movement, the response time of the photovoltaic assembly 100, and the requirement of the photovoltaic assembly 100 for tracking accuracy (e.g. the preset range of the angle between the sunlight and the first surface 11), etc. With a reasonable setting, the light tracker 3 can ensure that a new sky image is captured in time when the sun position changes significantly, so as to accurately determine the new position of the sun and drive the support 2 to make corresponding adjustment. In this way, by continuously capturing and analyzing the sky image at the preset interval, the light tracker 3 can realize continuous tracking of the sun position. When it is found that the sun position deviates and the angle between the sunlight and the photovoltaic panel 1 exceeds the preset range, the light tracker 3 will immediately start the adjustment mechanism and send a control instruction to the support 3 to adjust the orientation of the photovoltaic panel 1, so that the angle returns to the optimal range.

[0063] In some embodiments, the preset interval can be, for example, 5-15 minutes.

[0064] In some embodiments, in combination with FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the light tracker 3 can include a sensor 32 for acquiring the sky image, and a control module 33 in communication with the sensor 32 to receive the sky image, the control module 33 being configured to identify a first point with the highest brightness from the sky image and control the support 2 to move until a reference point coincides with the first point, the reference point being used to represent that the angle between the sunlight and the first surface 11 falls within the preset range, and the position of the first point in the sky image.

[0065] Specifically, the sensor 32 can adopt a high-sensitivity camera or other photosensitive sensor array, etc. to acquire a clearer sky image. Further, the imaging area of the sensor 32 can be adapted to form a light-receiving surface 31.

[0066] Further, the sensor 32 can send the acquired sky image to the control module 33.

[0067] Further, after receiving the sky image, the control module 33 can analyze and process the sky image. Through the processing of the sky image, the control module 33 can obtain the brightness distribution of the received sky image. Further, the control module 33 can identify the first point with the highest brightness according to the brightness distribution of the sky image.

[0068] Further, the control module 33 can also pre-set a reference point. The reference point is the position of the sun in the sky image when the angle between the first surface 11 of the photovoltaic panel and the sunlight is within the preset range (e.g. [82°, 98°]).

[0069] Further, the control module 33 can drive the bracket 2 to move to adjust the orientation of the photovoltaic panel such that the reference point coincides with a first point of highest brightness in the sky image. In this way, the first face 11 of the photovoltaic panel 1 can always be oriented towards the sun, maintaining the optimal receiving angle (e.g. the angle between the photovoltaic panel 1 and the sun rays falls within a preset range [82°, 98°]).

[0070] It is worth noting that the first point of highest brightness is used to infer the position of the sun in the acquired sky image. In practical applications, it is not excluded that the acquired sky image does not include the sun. This situation can be caused by the fact that the field of view of the acquired sky image is too small to include the sun. In this scenario, the first point does not directly represent the position of the sun in the sky image, but rather the point in the sky image closest to the actual position of the sun.

[0071] Therefore, by adjusting the orientation of the first face 11 to make the reference point coincide with the first point, the angle between the first face 11 and the sun rays is actually made closer to the preset range. In subsequent sky images, the orientation of the first face 11 is further adjusted so that the first point identified in the new sky image continues to coincide with the reference point. This adjustment process is actually an iterative optimization process aimed at gradually bringing the angle between the photovoltaic panel 1 and the sun rays closer to and maintaining it within the preset range, in order to maximize the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic assembly 100.

[0072] Further, as the sun position moves and the sky conditions change, the light tracker 3 will continue to acquire new sky images and repeat the above-mentioned identification, adjustment and optimization process. By continuously adjusting the orientation of the photovoltaic panel 1, it is ensured that in subsequent sky images, the newly identified first point also coincides or nearly coincides with the reference point, thereby maintaining the efficient reception of the sun rays by the photovoltaic assembly 1.

[0073] In some embodiments, the accuracy of the represented position of the sun in the sky image can be determined according to the position of the first point in the sky image.

[0074] In some embodiments, the accuracy of the represented position of the sun in the sky image by the first point located in the non-edge region of the sky image is greater than the accuracy of the represented position of the sun in the sky image by the first point located in the edge region of the sky image.

[0075] Specifically, taking the sky image including the sun as an example, the sun usually appears as a highlighted core region in the sky image, and the brightness of the highlighted core region is much higher than that of the surrounding sky and clouds. In other words, from the highlighted core region of the sun outward, the brightness gradually decreases, forming an obvious brightness gradient. Therefore, if the above-mentioned highlighted core region and the obvious brightness gradient around the highlighted core region can be detected when analyzing the brightness distribution of the sky image, it can be considered that the sky image includes the sun, and the first point (the point with the highest brightness) is the position of the sun in the sky image.

[0076] Correspondingly, if the sky image acquired by the light tracker 3 cannot acquire the brightness distribution of the highlighted core region and the obvious brightness gradient around the highlighted core region, it is considered that there is a high possibility that the sky image does not include the sun. In other words, when the first point (the point with the highest brightness) is located at the edge of the sky image, the accuracy of the position of the sun in the sky image represented by the first point is low. In this case, the next sky image needs to be continuously acquired until the first point is located in the non-edge region of the sky image.

[0077] Further, the frequency at which the sensor 32 collects the sky image when the first point is located in the edge region of the sky image is higher than the frequency at which the sensor 32 collects the sky image when the first point is located in the non-edge region of the sky image.

[0078] In a typical application scenario, when the first point is located in the edge region of the sky image, the time interval at which the light tracker 3 acquires the sky image can be shortened, for example, adjusted to 1-5 minutes. Thus, the sky image including the sun can be acquired more quickly. Further, after the sky image including the sun (the first point is located in the non-edge region of the sky image) is acquired, the time interval can be restored to the aforementioned preset interval (for example, 5-15 minutes) to avoid the adjustment of the orientation of the photovoltaic panel 1 being too frequent and wasting energy.

[0079] In some embodiments, the sensor 32 can be selected from a camera, an infrared sensor, a photosensitive sensor, and the like.

[0080] In some embodiments, the light-receiving surface 31 can be formed on the sensor 32.

[0081] In some embodiments, the light tracker 3 can further include a lens 34. The lens 34 can be used to expand the field of view of the sensor 32 to more accurately acquire the actual position of the sun.

[0082] In some embodiments, the lens 34 can also be used to focus light, filter stray light interference, protect the sensor 32, and enhance the function of specific wavelength fibers. In practical applications, different materials and parameters of the lens 34 can be selected according to the function of the lens 34 to be achieved to further improve the performance and reliability of the light tracker 3.

[0083] In some embodiments, the control module 33 establishes a two-dimensional coordinate system in the sky image to determine the coordinates of the first site and the reference site in the sky image. Thus, the two-dimensional coordinate system and the coordinates of the first site and the reference site can serve as the basis for subsequent processing of the sky image.

[0084] In some non-limiting embodiments, the two-dimensional coordinate system may, for example, be a rectangular coordinate system or a polar coordinate system, etc.

[0085] Further, the two-dimensional coordinate system can include a first axis 101 and a second axis 102 perpendicular to each other, wherein the first axis 101 corresponds to the east-west direction of the sun movement, the second axis 102 corresponds to the south-north direction of the sun movement, the first axis 101 and the second axis 102 intersect at the geometric center of the sky image, and the reference site is located on the second axis 102.

[0086] Specifically, referring to FIGS. 4 and 5, when the actual position of the sun is A, B, and V respectively, due to the straight-line propagation of light, the positions of the sun in the obtained sky image are A' (corresponding to the sun at the actual position A), B' (corresponding to the sun at the actual position B), and V' (corresponding to the sun at the actual position V) respectively after the sunlight passes through the lens 34. As can be seen from FIG. 4, when the sun is at the V point, the sunlight is perpendicular to the first surface 11 and the light receiving surface 31. In combination with FIG. 5, when the sun is at the V point, the position V' of the sun in the sky image falls on the second axis 102.

[0087] In other words, if the sun in the sky image is not on the second axis 102, such as at the A point or the B point, the image A' or B' deviates from the central axis of the first surface 11 (i.e., the second axis 102), indicating that the sunlight is not perpendicular to the light receiving surface 31, which means that the sunlight is not perpendicular to the first surface 11. In this case, the orientation of the first surface 11 needs to be adjusted until the angle between the sunlight and the first surface 11 returns to the preset range. In this scenario, in order to achieve the above-mentioned adjustment of the orientation of the first surface 11, the control module 33 controls the movement of the support 2 to enable the photovoltaic panel 1 to rotate in the east-west direction with the second axis 102 as the axis until the reference site coincides with the first site. Thus, the photovoltaic assembly 100 can automatically track the sun and adjust the orientation of the first surface 11 in real time to improve the efficiency of absorbing and converting sunlight.

[0088] In some embodiments, referring to FIG. 1 and FIG. 3, the support 2 comprises a rotating shaft 21 connected to the second surface, the rotating shaft 21 being configured to drive the photovoltaic panel 1 to rotate around the axis of the rotating shaft 21; and a support rod 22 movably connected to the rotating shaft 21, the support rod 22 being configured to support the rotating shaft 21 and the photovoltaic panel 1.

[0089] Further, the rotating shaft 21 is configured to rotate around the axis of the support rod 22 to adjust the orientation of the first surface 11.

[0090] In particular, the extending direction of the rotating shaft 21 can be parallel to the photovoltaic panel 1. More particularly, the extending direction of the rotating shaft 21 can be parallel to the north-south direction. In this way, the photovoltaic panel 1 can be stably supported on the rotating shaft 21 and can rotate with the rotating shaft 21 to adjust the orientation of the first surface 11.

[0091] Further, the support rod 22 is movably connected to the rotating shaft 21. Such a movable connection allows the support rod 22 to stably support the photovoltaic panel 1 and the rotating shaft 21 when the photovoltaic panel 1 rotates, while not hindering the rotation of the rotating shaft 21. In this way, the flexibility and stability of the support 2 can be ensured.

[0092] In some embodiments, referring to FIG. 1, the support rod 22 is connected to the middle part of the rotating shaft 21, and at least two photovoltaic panels 1 are arranged on both sides of the support rod 22 along the extending direction of the rotating shaft 21. In this scenario, the rotating shaft 21 can rotate around the axis of the rotating shaft 21 or around the axis of the support rod 21. In this way, the movement of the support 2 can be more flexible, and the orientation of the first surface 11 can be more easily adjusted to be perpendicular to the sunlight to the greatest extent.

[0093] In a variant, referring to FIG. 3, the number of support rods 22 can also be two, each supporting one end of the rotating shaft 21. In this way, the structure of the photovoltaic assembly 100 can be more stable to resist adverse weather conditions such as strong winds.

[0094] Continuing to refer to FIG. 1 and FIG. 3, the photovoltaic assembly 100 further comprises a driving module 4 arranged on the support 2, the driving module 4 being in communication with the control module 33, and the driving module 4 being configured to drive at least a part of the support 2 to rotate to adjust the orientation of the photovoltaic panel 1. In this way, through the driving module 4, the photovoltaic panel 1 can be driven to rotate according to the analysis result of the control module 33 on the sky image, so that the angle between the sunlight and the first surface 11 is kept within a preset range.

[0095] In some embodiments, the light tracker 3 further controls the photovoltaic assembly 100 to switch to a sunny day working mode or a cloudy day working mode according to the sky image, wherein the energy consumption of the photovoltaic assembly 100 in the cloudy day working mode is lower than that in the sunny day working mode.

[0096] In a typical application scenario, under sunny weather conditions, the sunlight is strong and stable, and the photovoltaic assembly 100 can efficiently collect solar energy and convert it into electrical energy. In this scenario, the light tracker 3 controls the photovoltaic assembly 100 to enter the sunny day working mode, ensuring that the photovoltaic panel 1 can accurately track the position of the sun to maximize the collection efficiency of solar energy. Under cloudy or overcast weather conditions, the sunlight is weak and unstable, and the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic assembly 100 is affected. In order to reduce the energy consumption of the photovoltaic assembly 100 under such weather conditions and prolong its service life, the light tracker 3 controls the photovoltaic assembly 100 to switch to the cloudy day working mode according to the analysis results of the sky image. In this mode, the photovoltaic assembly 100 can reduce unnecessary tracking actions, reduce the operating frequency of the motor, or shut down part of the non-core functions, thereby reducing the overall energy consumption.

[0097] Further, the light tracker 3 obtains the equivalent brightness value of the brightest place in the sky image, and controls the photovoltaic assembly 100 to switch to the cloudy day working mode when the equivalent brightness value is less than or equal to a preset threshold, and controls the photovoltaic assembly 100 to switch to the sunny day working mode when the equivalent brightness value is greater than the preset threshold. In other words, the light tracker 3 determines the current weather condition according to the equivalent brightness value. The equivalent brightness value is the result of quantifying the brightness of the brightest region in the image. The equivalent brightness value is a relative numerical value, which can be converted from the light intensity and color information captured by the sensor 32, and is used to reflect the strength of the actual lighting conditions.

[0098] In some embodiments, the maximum value of the equivalent brightness value is 255 (since the equivalent brightness value here is a relative value, the unit can be arbitrary unit a.u.), that is, the maximum brightness level that the sensor 33 can capture. In this scenario, the preset threshold can be, for example, 100. When the equivalent brightness value of the brightest place in the obtained sky image is less than or equal to 100, the light tracker 3 controls the photovoltaic assembly 100 to switch to the cloudy day working mode to reduce energy consumption. When the equivalent brightness value of the brightest place in the obtained sky image is greater than 100, the light tracker 3 controls the photovoltaic assembly 100 to switch to the sunny day working mode to improve the efficiency of photoelectric conversion.

[0099] In some embodiments, the light tracker 3 can also detect the working mode of the photovoltaic assembly 100 when the equivalent brightness value of the brightest part of the current sky image is greater than a preset threshold. If the photovoltaic assembly 100 is currently in the overcast working mode, the photovoltaic assembly 100 is controlled to switch to the sunny working mode.

[0100] In some embodiments, the light tracker 3 acquires the sky image less frequently in the overcast working mode than in the sunny working mode.

[0101] From the above, the photovoltaic assembly 100 of the embodiments of the present application can adjust the orientation of the photovoltaic panel 1 in real time according to the brightness distribution of the sky image, so that the photovoltaic panel 1 always maintains an attitude substantially perpendicular to the sunlight to obtain the maximum photoelectric conversion efficiency. By introducing the light tracker 3, the photovoltaic panel 1 can adjust the orientation in real time to maximize the reception of the sunlight, significantly improving the power generation efficiency. The parallel design of the light tracker 3 and the photovoltaic panel 1 ensures the accuracy of the adjustment, and this adjustment method is based on the real-time lighting environment, so there is no calculation error, or the error is minimal.

[0102] Further, the light tracker 3 acquires the sky image at preset intervals to ensure that the photovoltaic panel 1 timely responds to the change of the sun position and adaptively adjusts the orientation, while avoiding the energy consumption and wear caused by excessive adjustment (such as too frequent adjustment or too large adjustment amplitude).

[0103] Further, according to the position of the first point in the sky image to infer the accuracy of the first point for representing the sun, and then adjusting the frequency of the sensor 32 acquiring the sky image according to the accuracy, the sun position can be avoided to be misjudged, and the exact position of the sun in the sky image can be quickly acquired.

[0104] Further, the present application can also control the photovoltaic assembly 100 to switch to the overcast working mode or the sunny working mode according to the light intensity. In the weather conditions not suitable for photovoltaic power generation, the photovoltaic assembly 100 automatically enters the overcast working mode to reduce the energy consumption and save the production cost.

[0105] FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a control method of a photovoltaic assembly according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0106] Specifically, the control method of the photovoltaic assembly according to the present embodiment can be used to control the photovoltaic assembly 100 shown in FIG. 1 or FIG. 3. Accordingly, the structure and function of the photovoltaic assembly 100 can refer to the related description of FIG. 1 to FIG. 5, which will not be described here again.

[0107] Referring to FIG. 6, the method comprises:

[0108] Step S1, acquiring a sky image;

[0109] In step S2, the orientation of the first surface is adjusted according to the brightness distribution of the sky image, so that the angle between the sunlight and the first surface is kept within a preset range.

[0110] Further, the preset range is [82°, 98°].

[0111] In some embodiments, referring to FIG. 6, step S2 can further include:

[0112] In step S21, a two-dimensional coordinate system is established in the sky image.

[0113] In step S22, the coordinates of a first point and a reference point in the sky image are determined, wherein the first point is the brightest point in the sky image, and the reference point is used to represent the position of the first point in the sky image when the angle between the sunlight and the first surface falls within a preset range.

[0114] In step S23, the photovoltaic panel is controlled to move until the reference point coincides with the first point.

[0115] Further, in combination with FIG. 5, the two-dimensional coordinate system includes a first axis and a second axis perpendicular to each other, wherein the first axis corresponds to the east-west direction of the sun movement, the second axis corresponds to the south-north direction of the sun movement, the first axis and the second axis intersect at the geometric center of the sky image, and the reference point is located on the second axis.

[0116] Further, after the sky image is acquired, the method can further include:

[0117] An equivalent brightness value of the brightest place in the sky image is acquired.

[0118] In response to the equivalent brightness value being greater than a preset threshold, the photovoltaic assembly is switched to a sunny day working mode;

[0119] In response to the equivalent brightness value being less than or equal to the preset threshold, the photovoltaic assembly is switched to an overcast day working mode.

[0120] The energy consumption of the photovoltaic assembly in the overcast day working mode is lower than the energy consumption of the photovoltaic assembly in the sunny day working mode.

[0121] The embodiments of the present application also provide a computer readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein the computer program is run by a processor to perform the steps of the method described in the embodiments shown in FIGS. 6 and 7. The storage medium can include ROM, RAM, magnetic disk or optical disk, etc. The storage medium can also include non-volatile memory or non-transitory memory, etc.

[0122] It should be appreciated that in the embodiments of the present application, the processor can be a central processing unit (CPU), and the processor can also be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSP), application specific integrated circuits (ASIC), field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gates or transistor logic components, discrete hardware components, etc. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or the processor can also be any conventional processor.

[0123] It should also be understood that the memory in the embodiments of the present application can be a volatile memory or a non-volatile memory, or can include both volatile and non-volatile memories. Among them, the non-volatile memory can be a read-only memory (ROM), a programmable read-only memory (PROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically EPROM (EEPROM) or a flash memory. The volatile memory can be a random access memory (RAM) used as an external cache. By way of example but not limitation, many forms of random access memory (RAM) are available, such as static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), synchlink DRAM (SLDRAM) and direct rambus RAM (DR RAM)

[0124] The above-described embodiments can be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented by software, the above-described embodiments can be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions or computer programs. When the computer instructions or computer programs are loaded or executed on a computer, the processes or functions described in the embodiments of the present application are wholly or partially generated. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable devices. The computer program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium, for example, the computer program can be transmitted from one website, computer, server or data center to another website, computer, server or data center through wired or wireless manner.

[0125] In several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed methods, devices and systems can be implemented in other ways. For example, the above-described device embodiments are only illustrative; for example, the division of the units is only a logical function division, and actual implementation can have another division manner; for example, a plurality of units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. The units described as separate components can be or can not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units can be or can not be physical units, that is, they can be located in one place, or can be distributed on a plurality of network units. According to actual needs, part or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of the embodiment scheme.

[0126] In addition, each function unit in each embodiment of the present application can be integrated in one processing unit, or each unit can be physically included separately, or two or more units can be integrated in one unit. The integrated unit can be realized in the form of hardware or in the form of a hardware plus software function unit. For example, for each device or product applied to or integrated in a chip, each module / unit contained therein can be realized in the form of a circuit or other hardware, or at least part of the modules / units can be realized in the form of a software program running on a processor integrated in the chip, and the remaining (if any) part of the modules / units can be realized in the form of a circuit or other hardware; for each device or product applied to or integrated in a chip module, each module / unit contained therein can be realized in the form of a circuit or other hardware, and different modules / units can be located in the same component (for example, a chip, a circuit module, etc.) or different components of the chip module, or at least part of the modules / units can be realized in the form of a software program running on a processor integrated in the chip module, and the remaining (if any) part of the modules / units can be realized in the form of a circuit or other hardware; for each device or product applied to or integrated in a terminal, each module / unit contained therein can be realized in the form of a circuit or other hardware, and different modules / units can be located in the same component (for example, a chip, a circuit module, etc.) or different components of the terminal, or at least part of the modules / units can be realized in the form of a software program running on a processor integrated in the terminal, and the remaining (if any) part of the modules / units can be realized in the form of a circuit or other hardware.

[0127] It should be understood that the term "and / or" used herein is merely an associated relationship of the associated objects, and means that there can be three relationships, for example, A and / or B can mean that A exists alone, A and B exist together, and B exists alone. In addition, the character " / " used herein means that the front and rear associated objects are in an "or" relationship. "Multiple" appearing in the embodiments of the present application means two or more.

[0128] Although the present application is disclosed as above, the present application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, can make various modifications and changes, and therefore the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the scope defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic module, characterized by, The application relates to a photovoltaic panel, comprising: a photovoltaic panel having opposite first and second surfaces, wherein the first surface is used for receiving sunlight; a support on which the photovoltaic panel is arranged, the support being used for adjusting the orientation of the first surface; a light tracker arranged on the support, a light-receiving surface of the light tracker being parallel to the first surface, the light tracker being used for acquiring a sky image towards which the light-receiving surface is directed and controlling the support to adjust the orientation of the first surface according to the brightness distribution of the sky image so that the angle between the sunlight and the first surface is kept within a preset range.

2. The photovoltaic module of claim 1, wherein, The preset range is [82 DEG, 98 DEG].

3. The photovoltaic module of claim 1, wherein, The light tracker acquires the sky image at a preset interval.

4. The photovoltaic module of claim 1, wherein, The light tracker comprises a sensor used for acquiring the sky image; a control module in communication with the sensor to receive the sky image, the control module being used for identifying a first site with the highest brightness from the sky image and controlling the support to move until a reference site coincides with the first site, the reference site being used for representing that the angle between the sunlight and the first surface falls within the preset range and the position of the first site in the sky image.

5. The photovoltaic module of claim 4, wherein, The accuracy of the position of the sun in the sky image represented by the first site located in a non-edge region of the sky image is higher than the accuracy of the position of the sun in the sky image represented by the first site located in an edge region of the sky image.

6. The photovoltaic module of claim 5, wherein, When the first site is located in the edge region of the sky image, the frequency of the sky image acquired by the sensor is higher than the frequency of the sky image acquired by the sensor when the first site is located in the non-edge region of the sky image.

7. The photovoltaic module of claim 4, wherein, The control module establishes a two-dimensional coordinate system in the sky image to determine the coordinates of the first site and the reference site in the sky image.

8. The photovoltaic module of claim 7, wherein, The two-dimensional coordinate system comprises a first axis and a second axis perpendicular to each other, wherein the first axis corresponds to the east-west direction of the sun movement, the second axis corresponds to the south-north direction of the sun movement, the first axis and the second axis intersect at the geometric center of the sky image, and the reference site is located on the second axis.

9. The photovoltaic module of claim 4, wherein, The support comprises: a rotating shaft connected to the second surface, the rotating shaft being used for driving the photovoltaic panel to rotate around the axial direction of the rotating shaft; a support rod movably connected to the rotating shaft, the support rod being used for supporting the rotating shaft and the photovoltaic panel.

10. The photovoltaic module of claim 9, wherein, The support rod is connected to the middle part of the rotating shaft, and at least two photovoltaic panels are arranged on the two sides of the support rod along the extension direction of the rotating shaft.

11. The photovoltaic module of claim 9, wherein, The rotating shaft can rotate around the axial direction of the support rod.

12. The photovoltaic module of claim 4, wherein, The application further relates to a photovoltaic assembly, comprising: a driving module arranged on the support, the driving module being in communication with the control module, and the driving module being used for driving at least a part of the support to rotate so as to adjust the orientation of the photovoltaic panel.

13. The photovoltaic module of claim 1, wherein, The light tracker further controls the photovoltaic assembly to switch to a sunny working mode or an overcast working mode according to the sky image, wherein the energy consumption of the photovoltaic assembly in the overcast working mode is lower than the energy consumption of the photovoltaic assembly in the sunny working mode.

14. The photovoltaic module of claim 13, wherein, The light tracker obtains an equivalent brightness value of the brightest place in the sky image, and controls the photovoltaic assembly to switch to an overcast working mode when the equivalent brightness value is less than or equal to a preset threshold, and controls the photovoltaic assembly to switch to a sunny working mode when the equivalent brightness value is greater than the preset threshold.

15. The photovoltaic module of claim 13, wherein, Compared with the sunny working mode, the light tracker obtains the sky image less frequently in the overcast working mode.

16. A method of controlling a photovoltaic assembly, characterized by, The photovoltaic assembly comprises a photovoltaic panel having opposite first and second surfaces, wherein the first surface is used to receive sunlight, and the method comprises: obtaining a sky image; adjusting the orientation of the first surface according to the brightness distribution of the sky image, so that the angle between the sunlight and the first surface is kept within a preset range.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein, The preset range is [82°, 98°].

18. The method of claim 16, wherein, The adjusting of the orientation of the first surface according to the brightness distribution of the sky image comprises: establishing a two-dimensional coordinate system in the sky image; determining the coordinates of a first site and a reference site in the sky image, wherein the first site is the brightest point in the sky image, and the reference site is used to represent the position of the first site when the angle between the sunlight and the first surface falls within a preset range; controlling the photovoltaic panel to move until the reference site coincides with the first site. The two-dimensional coordinate system comprises a first axis and a second axis perpendicular to each other, wherein the first axis corresponds to the east-west direction of the sun movement, the second axis corresponds to the south-north direction of the sun movement, the first axis and the second axis intersect at the geometric center of the sky image, and the reference site is located on the second axis.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein, After the sky image is obtained, the method further comprises:

20. The method of claim 18, wherein, obtaining an equivalent brightness value of the brightest place in the sky image; switching the photovoltaic assembly to a sunny working mode in response to the equivalent brightness value being greater than a preset threshold; switching the photovoltaic assembly to an overcast working mode in response to the equivalent brightness value being less than or equal to the preset threshold; wherein the energy consumption of the photovoltaic assembly in the overcast working mode is lower than that in the sunny working mode. The computer program, when executed by a processor, performs the steps of the method of any one of claims 16 to 20.

21. A computer-readable storage medium, which is a non-volatile storage medium or a non-transitory storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, characterized by ​

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