Compounds, compositions and methods
Novel antibody-drug conjugates with specific linkers and payloads target tumor cells effectively, addressing the need for potent cancer therapies by enhancing tumor cell cytotoxicity and bystander killing, thus improving treatment efficacy.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/114334
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2025-07-23
- Filing Date
- 2025-08-13
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-19
AI Technical Summary
There is a need for potent, targeted therapies for treating cancers that can specifically target and kill tumor cells while sparing healthy cells, as existing antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have limitations in efficacy and specificity.
Development of novel antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) with specific linkers and payloads, such as Exatecan, targeting cell surface antigens like CDH17, GPC3, and 5T4, to enhance targeted delivery and cytotoxicity, including tetrapeptide residues and spacer precursors for improved tumor cell binding and internalization.
The novel ADCs demonstrate enhanced tumor cell cytotoxicity and bystander killing effects, showing significant in vitro and in vivo tumor growth inhibition and reduced side effects in animal models.
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Figure PCTCN2025114334-FTAPPB-I100001 
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Figure PCTCN2025114334-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
COMPOUNDS, COMPOSITIONS AND METHODSBACKGROUND
[0001] Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are complex molecules comprising an antibody linked to a biologically active cytotoxic payload designed to be a targeted therapy for treating cancer. Unlike traditional chemotherapy, ADCs are intended to target and kill tumor cells while sparing healthy cells.
[0002] The concept of targeted delivery of an active pharmaceutical drug to a specific cellular location of choice is a powerful approach for the treatment of a wide range of diseases, with many beneficial aspects versus systemic delivery of the same drug. Whereas there have been ADC therapeutics approved by the FDA, there remains a need for potent, targeted therapies for treating cancers.SUMMARY
[0003] The present disclosure relates to anticancer compounds, including, but not limited to, antibody-drug conjugates using the same, which compounds and ADCs thereof are suitable for the treatment of cancer.
[0004] The present disclosure, in one aspect, provides compounds of Formula II: or stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L is SpP-L3-L2; SpP is a spacer precursor; each occurrence of “-” is independently a bond; L3 is an optionally substituted C1-6 alkylene-CO, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenylene-CO, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynylene-CO, or optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkylene-CO; L2 is a divalent tetrapeptide residue; Z is each R1 is independently H or C1-3 alkyl, y is an integer between 5 and 15; and q is an integer between 5 and 10.
[0005] In another aspect, provided herein is a conjugate of Formula V: or stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein D is a drug moiety, optionally wherein the drug moiety is an Exatecan moiety or an analog thereof; L is SpP-L3-L2; each occurrence of “-” is independently a bond; SpP is a spacer precursor; L3 is an optionally substituted C1-6 alkylene-CO, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenylene-CO, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynylene-CO, or optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkylene-CO; L2 is a divalent tetrapeptide residue; Z is each R1 is independently H or C1-3 alkyl, y is an integer between 5 and 15; and q is an integer between 5 and 10.
[0006] In another aspect, provided herein is a conjugate of Formula I-a: or stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein m is 1 to 20; D is Exatecan; each L’ is independently Sp-L3-L2-L1, wherein: Sp is a spacer; each occurrence of “-” is independently a bond; L3 is an optionally substituted C1-6 alkylene-CO, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenylene-CO, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynylene-CO, or optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkylene-CO; L2 is a divalent tetrapeptide residue; L1 is selected from: wherein the *bond is attached to D; and Y is the target-binding moiety, optionally wherein the target-binding moiety is an antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof.
[0007] In another aspect, provided herein is a conjugate of Formula I-b: or stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein m is 1 to 20; each L is independently Sp-L3-L2, wherein: Sp is a spacer; each occurrence of “-” is independently a bond; L3 is an optionally substituted C1-6 alkylene-CO, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenylene-CO, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynylene-CO, or optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkylene-CO; L2 is a divalent tetrapeptide residue; Z is each R1 is independently H or C1-3 alkyl, y is an integer between 5 and 15; q is an integer between 5 and 10; Y is the target-binding moiety, optionally wherein the target-binding moiety is an antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof.
[0008] In another aspect, provided herein is a conjugate selected from: or stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein m is 1 to 20.
[0009] Also provided herein are pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound as described herein, or stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or conjugate as described herein, or stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
[0010] Also provided herein are methods for treating cancer in a patient in need thereof, comprising administering to said patient a therapeutically acceptable amount of a compound as described herein, or stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or conjugate as described herein, or stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same.
[0011] Also provided herein are methods for treating, preventing, or inhibiting tumor growth in a patient in need thereof, comprising administering to said patient a therapeutically acceptable amount of a compound as described herein, or stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or conjugate as described herein, or stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
[0012] In the figures, identical reference numbers identify similar elements or acts. The sizes and relative positions of elements in the figures are not necessarily drawn to scale. For example, the shapes of various elements and angles are not drawn to scale and some of these elements are enlarged and positioned to improve figure legibility. Further, the shapes of the elements as drawn, are not intended to convey any information regarding the actual shape of the particular elements and have been solely selected for ease of recognition in the figures.
[0013] FIGS. 1A-1G show the chemical structures of a variety of linker-payloads with different design strategies, respectively.
[0014] FIGS. 2A-2C show the cell-based binding activity of CDH17 ADCs to human CDH17 positive tumor cell lines including AsPC-1 cells (2A) , AGS cells (2B) and HCT-8 cells (2C) , respectively.
[0015] FIGS. 3A-3B show target engagement-mediated internalization of CDH17 ADCs on human CDH17 positive AsPC-1 cells (3A) and HCT-8 cells (3B) .
[0016] FIG. 4A shows the in vitro cytotoxicity activities of free payload against a panel of human tumor cell lines derived from CRC, PDAC, GC, HCC, NSCLC and breast cancer cell lines. FIG. 4B shows the permeability and efflux rate of the payload in a Caco2 membrane permeability assay.
[0017] FIGS. 5A-5H show the in vitro cytotoxicity activities of CDH17 ADCs against human tumor cell lines with varying CDH17 expression level including HCT-8 (5A and 5G) , LS1034 (5B and 5H) , SW620-hCDH17 (5C) , AsPC-1 (5D) , LS180 (5E) and CDH17 negative RKO cells (5F) .
[0018] FIG. 6 shows the in vitro bystander killing activities of CDH17 ADCs to CDH17 negative RKO tumor cells when cocultured with CDH17 expressing SW480-hCDH17 tumor cells.
[0019] FIGS. 7A-7C show in vivo dose-dependent tumor growth inhibition (7A-7B) and relative body weight change (7C) of CDH17 ADCs in LS1034 CRC CDX mice model after a single dose treatment of CDH17 ADCs.
[0020] FIGS. 8A-8D show in vivo dose-dependent tumor growth inhibition (8A and 8C) and relative body weight change (8B and 8D) of CDH17 ADCs in LS1034 CRC CDX mice model after a single dose treatment of CDH17-ADCs or non-binding ADCs.
[0021] FIGS. 9A-9B show in vivo dose-dependent tumor growth inhibition (9A) and relative body weight change (9B) of CDH17 ADCs in CRC PDX mice model.
[0022] FIG. 10 shows payload release of CDH17 ADCs in human plasma during a 21-day incubation time in vitro. The concentration of the released payload was determined by LC-MS / MS.
[0023] FIGS. 11A-11C show the in vitro cytotoxicity activities of GPC3 ADCs against a series of human hepatocellular carcinoma tumor cell lines with various GPC3 expression level including HepG2 (11A) , Huh-1 (11B) and PLC-PRF-5 (11C) cells.
[0024] FIG. 12 shows the in vitro bystander killing activities of GPC3 ADCs to GPC3 negative RKO tumor cells when cocultured with GPC3 expressing HepG2 tumor cells.
[0025] FIGS. 13A-13E show the in vitro cytotoxicity activities of 5T4 ADCs to various 5T4 expressing human tumor cell lines including human pulmonary adenocarcinoma cell lines PC-9 (13A) , HCC827 (13C) , NCI-H1975 (13D) , A549 (13E) and CRC cell line HCT-116 (13B) with different levels of 5T4 expression.
[0026] FIGS. 14A-14E show the in vitro cytotoxicity activities of 5T4 ADCs to various 5T4 expressing human tumor cell lines including human pulmonary adenocarcinoma cell lines PC-9 (14A) , HCC827 (14C) , NCI-H1975 (14D) , A549 (14E) and CRC cell line HCT-116 (14B) with different levels of 5T4 expression.
[0027] FIG. 15 shows the in vitro bystander killing activities of 5T4 ADCs to 5T4 negative SK-CO-1 tumor cells when cocultured with 5T4 expressing MDA-MB-468 tumor cells.
[0028] FIGS. 16A-16B show the in vitro bystander killing activities of 5T4 ADCs to 5T4 negative NCI-H522 or SK-CO-1 tumor cells when cocultured with 5T4 expressing PC-9 tumor cells.
[0029] FIGS. 17A-17B show in vivo tumor growth inhibition (17A) and relative body weight change (17B) of 5T4 ADCs in NCI-H1975 NSCLC CDX mice model after a single dose treatment of 5T4-ADCs or non-binding ADCs.
[0030] FIGS. 18A-18B show in vivo tumor growth inhibition (18A) and relative body weight change (18B) of 5T4 ADCs in NCI-H1975 NSCLC CDX mice model after a single dose treatment of 5T4-ADCs.DETAILED DESCRIPTIONDefinitions
[0031] The following description sets forth exemplary embodiments of the present technology. It should be recognized, however, that such description is not intended as a limitation on the scope of the present disclosure but is instead provided as a description of exemplary embodiments.
[0032] As used in the present specification, the following words, phrases and symbols are generally intended to have the meanings as set forth below, except to the extent that the context in which they are used indicates otherwise.
[0033] A dash ( “-” ) that is not between two letters or symbols is used to indicate a point of attachment for a substituent. For example, -C (O) NH2 is attached through the carbon atom. A dash at the front or end of a chemical group is a matter of convenience; chemical groups may be depicted with or without one or more dashes without losing their ordinary meaning. A wavy line drawn through a line in a structure indicates a point of attachment of a group. Unless chemically or structurally required, no directionality is indicated or implied by the order in which a chemical group is written or named.
[0034] The prefix “Cu-v” indicates that the following group has from u to v carbon atoms. For example, ” C1-6 alkyl” indicates that the alkyl group has from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
[0035] Reference to “about” a value or parameter herein includes (and describes) embodiments that are directed to that value or parameter per se. In certain embodiments, the term “about” includes the indicated amount ± 10%. In other embodiments, the term “about” includes the indicated amount ± 5%. In certain other embodiments, the term “about” includes the indicated amount ± 1%. Also, to the term “about X” includes description of “X” . Also, the singular forms “a” and “the” include plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, e.g., reference to “the compound” includes a plurality of such compounds and reference to “the assay” includes reference to one or more assays and equivalents thereof known to those skilled in the art.
[0036] “Alkyl” refers to an unbranched or branched saturated hydrocarbon chain. As used herein, alkyl has 1 to 20 carbon atoms (i.e., C1-20 alkyl) , 1 to 8 carbon atoms (i.e., C1-8 alkyl) , 1 to 6 carbon atoms (i.e., C1-6 alkyl) , or 1 to 4 carbon atoms (i.e., C1-4 alkyl) . Examples of alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, 2-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, hexyl, 2-hexyl, 3-hexyl, and 3-methylpentyl. When an alkyl residue having a specific number of carbons is named by chemical name or identified by molecular formula, all positional isomers having that number of carbons may be encompassed; thus, for example, “butyl” includes n-butyl (i.e. – (CH2) 3CH3) , sec-butyl (i.e. -CH (CH3) CH2CH3) , isobutyl (i.e. -CH2CH (CH3) 2) and tert-butyl (i.e. -C (CH3) 3) ; and “propyl” includes n-propyl (i.e. – (CH2) 2CH3) and isopropyl (i.e. -CH (CH3) 2) .
[0037] “Alkenyl” refers to an alkyl group containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond and having from 2 to 20 carbon atoms (i.e., C2-20 alkenyl) , 2 to 8 carbon atoms (i.e., C2-8 alkenyl) , 2 to 6 carbon atoms (i.e., C2-6 alkenyl) , or 2 to 4 carbon atoms (i.e., C2-4 alkenyl) . Examples of alkenyl groups include ethenyl, propenyl, butadienyl (including 1, 2-butadienyl and 1, 3-butadienyl) .
[0038] “Alkynyl” refers to an alkyl group containing at least one carbon-carbon triple bond and having from 2 to 20 carbon atoms (i.e., C2-20 alkynyl) , 2 to 8 carbon atoms (i.e., C2-8 alkynyl) , 2 to 6 carbon atoms (i.e., C2-6 alkynyl) , or 2 to 4 carbon atoms (i.e., C2-4 alkynyl) . The term “alkynyl” also includes those groups having one triple bond and one double bond.
[0039] “Alkoxy” refers to the group “alkyl-O-” . Examples of alkoxy groups include methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, iso-propoxy, n-butoxy, tert-butoxy, sec-butoxy, n-pentoxy, n-hexoxy, and 1, 2-dimethylbutoxy.
[0040] “Haloalkyl” refers to an unbranched or branched alkyl group as defined above, wherein one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by a halogen. For example, where a residue is substituted with more than one halogen, it may be referred to by using a prefix corresponding to the number of halogen moieties attached. Dihaloalkyl and trihaloalkyl refer to alkyl substituted with two ( “di” ) or three ( “tri” ) halo groups, which may be, but are not necessarily, the same halogen. Examples of haloalkyl include difluoromethyl (-CHF2) and trifluoromethyl (-CF3) .
[0041] “Haloalkoxy” refers to an alkoxy group as defined above, wherein one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by a halogen.
[0042] “Alkylthio” refers to the group “alkyl-S-” .
[0043] “Acyl” refers to a group -C (O) R, wherein R is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroalkyl, or heteroaryl; each of which may be optionally substituted, as defined herein. Examples of acyl include formyl, acetyl, cylcohexylcarbonyl, cyclohexylmethyl-carbonyl, and benzoyl.
[0044] “Amido” refers to both a “C-amido” group which refers to the group -C (O) NRyRz and an “N-amido” group which refers to the group -NRyC (O) Rz, wherein Ry and Rz are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, haloalkyl, or heteroaryl; each of which may be optionally substituted.
[0045] “Amino” refers to the group -NRyRz wherein Ry and Rz are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; each of which may be optionally substituted.
[0046] “Amidino” refers to -C (NRy) (NRz2) , wherein Ry and Rz are independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroalkyl, or heteroaryl; each of which may be optionally substituted.
[0047] “Aryl” refers to an aromatic carbocyclic group having a single ring (e.g. monocyclic) or multiple rings (e.g. bicyclic or tricyclic) including fused systems. As used herein, aryl has 6 to 20 ring carbon atoms (i.e., C6-20 aryl) , 6 to 12 carbon ring atoms (i.e., C6-12 aryl) , or 6 to 10 carbon ring atoms (i.e., C6-10 aryl) . Examples of aryl groups include phenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, and anthryl. Aryl, however, does not encompass or overlap in any way with heteroaryl defined below. If one or more aryl groups are fused with a heteroaryl, the resulting ring system is heteroaryl. If one or more aryl groups are fused with a heterocyclyl, the resulting ring system is heterocyclyl.
[0048] “Azido” refers to –N3.
[0049] “Carbamoyl” refers to both an “O-carbamoyl” group which refers to the group –O-C (O) NRyRz and an “N-carbamoyl” group which refers to the group -NRyC (O) ORz, wherein Ry and Rz are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, haloalkyl, or heteroaryl; each of which may be optionally substituted.
[0050] “Carboxyl” refers to -C (O) OH.
[0051] “Carboxyl ester” refers to both -OC (O) R and -C (O) OR, wherein R is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroalkyl, or heteroaryl; each of which may be optionally substituted, as defined herein.
[0052] “Cyano” refers to the group -CN.
[0053] “Cycloalkyl” refers to a saturated or partially unsaturated cyclic alkyl group having a single ring or multiple rings including fused, bridged, and spiro ring systems. The term “cycloalkyl” includes cycloalkenyl groups (i.e. the cyclic group having at least one double bond) . As used herein, cycloalkyl has from 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms (i.e., C3-20 cycloalkyl) , 3 to 12 ring carbon atoms (i.e., C3-12 cycloalkyl) , 3 to 10 ring carbon atoms (i.e., C3-10 cycloalkyl) , 3 to 8 ring carbon atoms (i.e., C3-8 cycloalkyl) , or 3 to 6 ring carbon atoms (i.e., C3-6 cycloalkyl) . Examples of cycloalkyl groups include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, and cyclohexyl.
[0054] “Guanidino” refers to –NHC (NH) (NH2) .
[0055] “Imino” refers to a group -C (NR) R, wherein each R is independently alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroalkyl, or heteroaryl; each of which may be optionally substituted, as defined herein.
[0056] “Halogen” or “halo” includes fluoro, chloro, bromo, and iodo.
[0057] “Heteroalkyl” refers to an alkyl group in which one or more of the carbon atoms (and any associated hydrogen atoms) are each independently replaced with the same or different heteroatomic group (e.g., a C2 heteroalkyl group has one carbon atom and one heteroatom) . The term “heteroalkyl” includes unbranched or branched saturated chain having carbon and heteroatoms. By way of example, 1, 2 or 3 carbon atoms may be independently replaced with the same or different heteroatomic group. Heteroatomic groups include, but are not limited to, -NR-, -O-, -S-, -S (O) -, -S (O) 2-, and the like, where R is hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, heteroaryl or heterocyclyl, each of which may be optionally substituted. Examples of heteroalkyl groups include -OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -SCH3, -CH2SCH3, -NRCH3, and -CH2NRCH3, where R is hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroalkyl, or heteroaryl, each of which may be optionally substituted. As used herein, heteroalkyl include 1 to 10 carbon atoms, 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and 1 to 3 heteroatoms, 1 to 2 heteroatoms, or 1 heteroatom.
[0058] “Heteroalkylene” refers to a divalent heteroalkyl group. “Heteroalkylene” groups must have at least one carbon and at least one heteroatomic group within the chain. The term “heteroalkylene” includes unbranched or branched saturated chain having carbon and heteroatoms. By way of example, 1, 2 or 3 carbon atoms may be independently replaced with the same or different heteroatomic group. Heteroatomic groups include, but are not limited to, -NR-, -O-, -S-, -S (O) -, -S (O) 2-, and the like, wherein R is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroalkyl or heteroaryl; each of which may be optionally substituted, as defined herein. Examples of heteroalkylene groups include, e.g., -CH2OCH2-, -CH (CH3) OCH2-, -CH2CH2OCH2-, -OCH2-, -CH (CH3) O-, -CH2CH2O-, -CH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2-, -CH2CH2OCH2CH2O-, -CH2SCH2-, -CH (CH3) SCH2-, -CH2CH2SCH2-, -CH2CH2SCH2CH2SCH2-, -SCH2-, -CH (CH3) S-, -CH2CH2S-, -CH2CH2SCH2CH2S-, -CH2S (O) 2CH2-, -CH (CH3) S (O) 2CH2-, -CH2CH2S (O) 2CH2-, -CH2CH2S (O) 2CH2CH2OCH2-, -CH2NRCH2-, -CH (CH3) NRCH2-, -CH2CH2NRCH2-, -CH2CH2NRCH2CH2NRCH2-, etc., where each R is independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroalkyl, or heteroaryl; each of which may be optionally substituted, as defined herein) . As used herein, heteroalkylene includes 1 to 10 carbon atoms, 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and 1 to 3 heteroatoms, 1 to 2 heteroatoms, or 1 heteroatom.
[0059] “Heteroaryl” refers to an aromatic group having a single ring, multiple rings, or multiple fused rings, with one or more ring heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. As used herein, heteroaryl includes 1 to 20 ring carbon atoms (i.e., C1-20 heteroaryl) , 3 to 12 ring carbon atoms (i.e., C3-12 heteroaryl) , or 3 to 8 carbon ring atoms (i.e., C3-8 heteroaryl) ; and 1 to 5 heteroatoms, 1 to 4 heteroatoms, 1 to 3 ring heteroatoms, 1 to 2 ring heteroatoms, or 1 ring heteroatom independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. Examples of heteroaryl groups include pyrimidinyl, purinyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, benzothiazolyl, and pyrazolyl. Examples of the fused-heteroaryl rings include, but are not limited to, benzo [d] thiazolyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzo [b] thiophenyl, indazolyl, benzo [d] imidazolyl, pyrazolo [1, 5-a] pyridinyl, and imidazo [1, 5-a] pyridinyl, where the heteroaryl can be bound via either ring of the fused system. Any aromatic ring, having a single or multiple fused rings, containing at least one heteroatom, is considered a heteroaryl regardless of the attachment to the remainder of the molecule (i.e., through any one of the fused rings) . Heteroaryl does not encompass or overlap with aryl as defined above.
[0060] “Heterocyclyl” refers to a saturated or unsaturated cyclic alkyl group, with one or more ring heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. The term “heterocyclyl” includes heterocycloalkenyl groups (i.e. the heterocyclyl group having at least one double bond) , bridged-heterocyclyl groups, fused-heterocyclyl groups, and spiro-heterocyclyl groups. A heterocyclyl may be a single ring or multiple rings wherein the multiple rings may be fused, bridged, or spiro. Any non-aromatic ring containing at least one heteroatom is considered a heterocyclyl, regardless of the attachment (i.e., can be bound through a carbon atom or a heteroatom) . Further, the term heterocyclyl is intended to encompass any non-aromatic ring containing at least one heteroatom, which ring may be fused to an aryl or heteroaryl ring, regardless of the attachment to the remainder of the molecule. As used herein, heterocyclyl has 2 to 20 ring carbon atoms (i.e., C2-20 heterocyclyl) , 2 to 12 ring carbon atoms (i.e., C2-12 heterocyclyl) , 2 to 10 ring carbon atoms (i.e., C2-10 heterocyclyl) , 2 to 8 ring carbon atoms (i.e., C2-8 heterocyclyl) , 3 to 12 ring carbon atoms (i.e., C3-12 heterocyclyl) , 3 to 8 ring carbon atoms (i.e., C3-8 heterocyclyl) , or 3 to 6 ring carbon atoms (i.e., C3-6 heterocyclyl) ; having 1 to 5 ring heteroatoms, 1 to 4 ring heteroatoms, 1 to 3 ring heteroatoms, 1 to 2 ring heteroatoms, or 1 ring heteroatom independently selected from nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen. Examples of heterocyclyl groups include pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, oxetanyl, dioxolanyl, azetidinyl, and morpholinyl. As used herein, the term “bridged-heterocyclyl” refers to a four-to ten-membered cyclic moiety connected at two non-adjacent atoms of the heterocyclyl with one or more (e.g., 1 or 2) four-to ten-membered cyclic moiety having at least one heteroatom where each heteroatom is independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. As used herein, bridged-heterocyclyl includes bicyclic and tricyclic ring systems. Also used herein, the term “spiro-heterocyclyl” refers to a ring system in which a three-to ten-membered heterocyclyl has one or more additional ring, wherein the one or more additional ring is three-to ten-membered cycloalkyl or three-to ten-membered heterocyclyl, where a single atom of the one or more additional ring is also an atom of the three-to ten-membered heterocyclyl. Examples of the spiro-heterocyclyl rings include bicyclic and tricyclic ring systems, such as 2-oxa-7-azaspiro [3.5] nonanyl, 2-oxa-6-azaspiro [3.4] octanyl, and 6-oxa-1-azaspiro [3.3] heptanyl. Examples of the fused-heterocyclyl rings include, but are not limited to, 1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, 4, 5, 6, 7-tetrahydrothieno [2, 3-c] pyridinyl, indolinyl, and isoindolinyl, where the heterocyclyl can be bound via either ring of the fused system.
[0061] “Sulfonyl” refers to the group -S (O) 2R, where R is alkyl, haloalkyl, heterocyclyl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, or aryl. Examples of sulfonyl are methylsulfonyl, ethylsulfonyl, phenylsulfonyl, and toluenesulfonyl.
[0062] “Alkylsulfonyl” refers to the group -S (O) 2, where R is alkyl.
[0063] “Alkylsulfinyl” refers to the group -S (O) R, where R is alkyl.
[0064] “Hydroxy” or “hydroxyl” refers to the group -OH.
[0065] “Hydrazino” refers to –NHNH2.
[0066] “Oxo” refers to the group (=O) or (O) .
[0067] “Nitro” refers to the group –NO2.
[0068] “Thiocyanate” refers to the group –SCN.
[0069] “Thiol” refers to the group –SH.
[0070] “Thioxo” or “thione” refer to the group (=S) or (S) .
[0071] Certain commonly used alternative chemical names may be used. For example, a divalent group such as a divalent “alkyl” group, a divalent “aryl” group, etc., may also be referred to as an “alkylene” group or an “alkylenyl” group, an “arylene” group or an “arylenyl” group, respectively. Also, unless indicated explicitly otherwise, where combinations of groups are referred to herein as one moiety, e.g. arylalkyl, the last mentioned group contains the atom by which the moiety is attached to the rest of the molecule.
[0072] The terms “optional” or “optionally” means that the subsequently described event or circumstance may or may not occur, and that the description includes instances where said event or circumstance occurs and instances in which it does not. Also, the term “optionally substituted” refers to any one or more hydrogen atoms on the designated atom or group may or may not be replaced by a moiety other than hydrogen.
[0073] As used herein, the term “spacer precursor” refers to a chemical moiety that is used for connecting the target-binding moiety (e.g., an antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof) to the drug or payload, optionally via a linking moiety. The term “spacer” refers to the residue of a spacer precursor that remains after formation of the antibody-drug conjugate.
[0074] As used herein, the term “compound, ” is meant to include all stereoisomers, geometric isomers, tautomers, and isotopes of the structures depicted. Compounds herein identified by name or structure as one particular tautomeric form are intended to include other tautomeric forms unless otherwise specified.
[0075] Some of the compounds exist as tautomers. Tautomers are in equilibrium with one another. For example, amide containing compounds may exist in equilibrium with imidic acid tautomers. Regardless of which tautomer is shown, and regardless of the nature of the equilibrium among tautomers, the compounds are understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to comprise both amide and imidic acid tautomers. Thus, the amide containing compounds are understood to include their imidic acid tautomers. Likewise, the imidic acid containing compounds are understood to include their amide tautomers.
[0076] The compounds of the disclosure, or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts may include an asymmetric center and may thus give rise to enantiomers, diastereomers, and other stereoisomeric forms that may be defined, in terms of absolute stereochemistry, as (R) -or (S) -or, as (D) -or (L) -for amino acids. The present disclosure is meant to include all such possible isomers, as well as their racemic and optically pure forms. Optically active (+) and (-) , (R) -and (S) -, or (D) -and (L) -isomers may be prepared using chiral synthons or chiral reagents, or resolved using conventional techniques, for example, chromatography and / or fractional crystallization. Conventional techniques for the preparation / isolation of individual enantiomers include chiral synthesis from a suitable optically pure precursor or resolution of the racemate (or the racemate of a salt or derivative) using, for example, chiral high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) . When the compounds described herein contain olefinic double bonds or other centers of geometric asymmetry, and unless specified otherwise, it is intended that the compounds include both E and Z geometric isomers.
[0077] A “stereoisomer” refers to a compound made up of the same atoms bonded by the same bonds but having different three-dimensional structures, which are not interchangeable. The present disclosure contemplates various stereoisomers, or mixtures thereof, and includes “enantiomers, ” which refers to two stereoisomers whose molecules are nonsuperimposeable mirror images of one another.
[0078] “Diastereomers” are stereoisomers that have at least two asymmetric atoms, but which are not mirror-images of each other.
[0079] Relative centers of the compounds as depicted herein are indicated graphically using the “thick bond” style (bold or parallel lines) and absolute stereochemistry is depicted using wedge bonds (bold or parallel lines) .
[0080] Any formula or structure given herein, is also intended to represent unlabeled forms as well as isotopically labeled forms of the compounds. Isotopically labeled compounds have structures depicted by the formulas given herein except that one or more atoms are replaced by an atom having a selected atomic mass or mass number. Examples of isotopes that can be incorporated into compounds of the disclosure include isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, fluorine and chlorine, such as, but not limited to 2H (deuterium, D) , 3H (tritium) , 11C, 13C, 14C, 15N, 18F, 31P, 32P, 35S, 36Cl and 125I. Various isotopically labeled compounds of the present disclosure, for example those into which radioactive isotopes such as 3H, 13C and 14C are incorporated. Such isotopically labelled compounds may be useful in metabolic studies, reaction kinetic studies, detection or imaging techniques, such as positron emission tomography (PET) or single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) including drug or substrate tissue distribution assays or in radioactive treatment of patients.
[0081] The disclosure also includes “deuterated analogs” of compounds described herein in which from 1 to n hydrogens attached to a carbon atom is / are replaced by deuterium, in which n is the number of hydrogens in the molecule. Such compounds exhibit increased resistance to metabolism and are thus useful for increasing the half-life of a compound described herein when administered to a mammal, particularly a human. See, for example, Foster, “Deuterium Isotope Effects in Studies of Drug Metabolism, ” Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 5 (12) : 524-527 (1984) . Such compounds are synthesized by means well known in the art, for example by employing starting materials in which one or more hydrogens have been replaced by deuterium.
[0082] Deuterium labelled or substituted therapeutic compounds of the disclosure may have improved DMPK (drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics) properties, relating to distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) . Substitution with heavier isotopes such as deuterium may afford certain therapeutic advantages resulting from greater metabolic stability, for example increased in vivo half-life, reduced dosage requirements and / or an improvement in therapeutic index. An 18F labeled compound may be useful for PET or SPECT studies. Isotopically labeled compounds of this disclosure and prodrugs thereof can generally be prepared by carrying out the procedures disclosed in the schemes or in the examples and preparations described below by substituting a readily available isotopically labeled reagent for a non-isotopically labeled reagent. It is understood that deuterium in this context is regarded as a substituent in a compound as described herein.
[0083] The concentration of such a heavier isotope, specifically deuterium, may be defined by an isotopic enrichment factor. In the compounds of this disclosure any atom not specifically designated as a particular isotope is meant to represent any stable isotope of that atom. Unless otherwise stated, when a position is designated specifically as “H” or “hydrogen” , the position is understood to have hydrogen at its natural abundance isotopic composition. Accordingly, in the compounds of this disclosure any atom specifically designated as a deuterium (D) is meant to represent deuterium.
[0084] In many cases, the compounds of this disclosure are capable of forming acid and / or base salts by virtue of the presence of amino and / or carboxyl groups or groups similar thereto.
[0085] Provided are also pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, solvates, tautomeric forms, polymorphs, and prodrugs of the compounds described herein. “Pharmaceutically acceptable” or “physiologically acceptable” refer to compounds, salts, compositions, dosage forms and other materials which are useful in preparing a pharmaceutical composition that is suitable for veterinary or human pharmaceutical use.
[0086] The term “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” of a given compound refers to salts that retain the biological effectiveness and properties of the given compound and which are not biologically or otherwise undesirable. “Pharmaceutically acceptable salts” or “physiologically acceptable salts” include, for example, salts with inorganic acids and salts with an organic acid. In addition, if the compounds described herein are obtained as an acid addition salt, the free base can be obtained by basifying a solution of the acid salt. Conversely, if the product is a free base, an addition salt, particularly a pharmaceutically acceptable addition salt, may be produced by dissolving the free base in a suitable organic solvent and treating the solution with an acid, in accordance with conventional procedures for preparing acid addition salts from base compounds. Those skilled in the art will recognize various synthetic methodologies that may be used to prepare nontoxic pharmaceutically acceptable addition salts. Pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts may be prepared from inorganic and organic acids.
[0087] The term “substituted” means that any one or more hydrogen atoms on the designated atom or group is replaced with one or more substituents other than hydrogen, provided that the designated atom’s normal valence is not exceeded. The one or more substituents include, but are not limited to, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, acyl, amino, amido, amidino, aryl, azido, carbamoyl, carboxyl, carboxyl ester, cyano, guanidino, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, heteroalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, hydroxy, hydrazino, imino, oxo, nitro, alkylsulfinyl, sulfonic acid, alkylsulfonyl, thiocyanate, thiol, thione, or combinations thereof. Polymers or similar indefinite structures arrived at by defining substituents with further substituents appended ad infinitum (e.g., a substituted aryl having a substituted alkyl which is itself substituted with a substituted aryl group, which is further substituted by a substituted heteroalkyl group, etc. ) are not intended for inclusion herein. Unless otherwise noted, the maximum number of serial substitutions in compounds described herein is three. For example, serial substitutions of substituted aryl groups with two other substituted aryl groups are limited to ( (substituted aryl) substituted aryl) substituted aryl. Similarly, the above definitions are not intended to include impermissible substitution patterns (e.g., methyl substituted with 5 fluorines or heteroaryl groups having two adjacent oxygen ring atoms) . Such impermissible substitution patterns are well known to the skilled artisan. When used to modify a chemical group, the term “substituted” may describe other chemical groups defined herein. Unless specified otherwise, where a group is described as optionally substituted, any substituents of the group are themselves unsubstituted. For example, in some embodiments, the term “substituted alkyl” refers to an alkyl group having one or more (e.g. 1 to 5, 1 to 3, etc. ) substituents including hydroxyl, halo, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl. In other embodiments, the one or more substituents may be further substituted with halo, alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, each of which is substituted. In other embodiments, the substituents may be further substituted with halo, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, hydroxyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, each of which is unsubstituted.
[0088] As used herein, “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” or “pharmaceutically acceptable excipient” includes any and all solvents, dispersion media, coatings, antibacterial and antifungal agents, isotonic and absorption delaying agents and the like. The use of such media and agents for pharmaceutically active substances is well known in the art. Except insofar as any conventional media or agent is incompatible with the active ingredient, its use in the therapeutic compositions is contemplated. Supplementary active ingredients can also be incorporated into the compositions.
[0089] The term “pharmaceutically acceptable” as used herein indicates that the compound, or salt or composition thereof is compatible chemically and / or toxicologically with the other ingredients comprising a formulation and / or the subject being treated therewith.
[0090] The term “administration” or “administering” refers to a method of giving a dosage of a compound or pharmaceutical composition to a vertebrate or invertebrate, including a mammal, a bird, a fish, or an amphibian. The method of administration can vary depending on various factors, e.g., the components of the pharmaceutical composition, the site of the disease, and the severity of the disease.
[0091] The terms “effective amount” or “effective dosage” or “pharmaceutically effective amount” or “therapeutically effective amount, ” as used herein, refer to a sufficient amount of a chemical entity (e.g., a compound described herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof) being administered which will relieve to some extent one or more of the symptoms of the disease or condition being treated, and can include curing the disease. “Curing” means that the symptoms of active disease are eliminated. The result includes reduction and / or alleviation of the signs, symptoms, or causes of a disease, or any other desired alteration of a biological system. For example, an “effective amount” for therapeutic uses is the amount of the composition comprising a compound as disclosed herein required to provide a clinically significant decrease in disease symptoms. An appropriate “effective” amount in any individual case is determined using any suitable technique, such as a dose escalation study. In some embodiments, a “therapeutically effective amount” of a compound as provided herein refers to an amount of the compound that is effective as a monotherapy or combination therapy.
[0092] The term “excipient” or “pharmaceutically acceptable excipient” means a pharmaceutically-acceptable material, composition, or vehicle, such as a liquid or solid filler, diluent, carrier, solvent, or encapsulating material. In some embodiments, each component is “pharmaceutically acceptable” in the sense of being compatible with the other ingredients of a pharmaceutical formulation, and suitable for use in contact with the tissue or organ of humans and animals without excessive toxicity, irritation, allergic response, immunogenicity, or other problems or complications, commensurate with a reasonable benefit / risk ratio. See, e.g., Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 21st ed.; Lippincott Williams &Wilkins: Philadelphia, PA, 2005; Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients, 6th ed.; Rowe et al., Eds.; The Pharmaceutical Press and the American Pharmaceutical Association: 2009; Handbook of Pharmaceutical Additives, 3rd ed.; Ash and Ash Eds.; Gower Publishing Company: 2007; Pharmaceutical Preformulation and Formulation, 2nd ed.; Gibson Ed.; CRC Press LLC: Boca Raton, FL, 2009.
[0093] The term “pharmaceutical composition” refers to a mixture of a compound as described herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof as provided herein with other chemical components (referred to collectively herein as “excipients” ) , such as carriers, stabilizers, diluents, dispersing agents, suspending agents, and / or thickening agents. The pharmaceutical composition facilitates administration of the compound to an organism.
[0094] The term “therapeutically effective amount” or “therapeutically acceptable amount” of a therapeutic agent (e.g., a compound described herein) means an amount that is sufficient, when administered to a subject suffering from or susceptible to a disease, disorder, and / or condition, to treat, diagnose, prevent, and / or delay the onset of the symptom (s) of the disease, disorder, and / or condition. Compounds
[0095] In one aspect, provided herein is a compound of Formula IV: or stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein G is a leaving group; L is SpP-L3-L2; each occurrence of “-” is independently a bond; SpP is a spacer precursor; L3 is an optionally substituted C1-6 alkylene-CO, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenylene-CO, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynylene-CO, or optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkylene-CO; L2 is a divalent tetrapeptide residue; Z is each R1 is independently H or C1-3 alkyl, y is an integer between 5 and 15; and q is an integer between 5 and 10.
[0096] In one aspect, provided herein is a compound of Formula IV: or stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein G is a leaving group; L is SpP-L3-L2; each occurrence of “-” is independently a bond; SpP is a spacer precursor; L3 is an optionally substituted C1-6 alkylene-CO, C2-6 alkenylene-CO, or C1-6 heteroalkylene-CO; L2 is a divalent tetrapeptide residue; Z is each R1 is independently H or C1-3 alkyl, y is an integer between 5 and 15; and q is an integer between 5 and 10.
[0097] In some embodiments, G is a leaving group. Exemplary leaving groups include but are not limited to halides, sulfonate groups, hydroxy group, phenoxy groups, and derivatives thereof. Selection of the leaving group can depend on the synthetic route. For example, in some embodiments, G is a phenoxy group or a derivative thereof (e.g., a nitro substituted phenoxy group) .
[0098] In some embodiments, a compound of Formula IV may be conjugated with a drug (e.g., Exatecan) to form a compound of Formula V: or stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein D is a drug moiety, optionally wherein the drug moiety is an Exatecan moiety or an analog thereof; L is SpP-L3-L2; each occurrence of “-” is independently a bond; SpP is a spacer precursor; L3 is an optionally substituted C1-6 alkylene-CO, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenylene-CO, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynylene-CO, or optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkylene-CO; L2 is a divalent tetrapeptide residue; Z is each R1 is independently H or C1-3 alkyl, y is an integer between 5 and 15; and q is an integer between 5 and 10.
[0099] In some embodiments, a compound of Formula IV may be conjugated with a drug (e.g., Exatecan) to form a compound of Formula V: or stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein D is a drug moiety, optionally wherein the drug moiety is an Exatecan moiety or an analog thereof; L is SpP-L3-L2; each occurrence of “-” is independently a bond; SpP is a spacer precursor; L3 is an optionally substituted C1-6 alkylene-CO, C2-6 alkenylene-CO, or C1-6 heteroalkylene-CO; L2 is a divalent tetrapeptide residue; Z is each R1 is independently H or C1-3 alkyl, y is an integer between 5 and 15; and q is an integer between 5 and 10.
[0100] In some embodiments, D is an Exatecan moiety.
[0101] In some embodiments, a compound of Formula V has the following structure: or stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein D, Z, and L are as defined anywhere herein.
[0102] In some embodiments, a compound of Formula V has the following structure: or stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein D, Z, and L are as defined anywhere herein.
[0103] In some embodiments, a compound of Formula V has the following structure: or stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein D, Z, and L are as defined anywhere herein.
[0104] In another aspect, provided herein is a compound of Formula II: or stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L is SpP-L3-L2; each occurrence of “-” is independently a bond; SpP is a spacer precursor; L3 is an optionally substituted C1-6 alkylene-CO, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenylene-CO, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynylene-CO, or optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkylene-CO; L2 is a divalent tetrapeptide residue; Z is each R1 is independently H or C1-3 alkyl, y is an integer between 5 and 15; and q is an integer between 5 and 10.
[0105] In another aspect, provided herein is a compound of Formula II: or stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L is SpP-L3-L2; each occurrence of “-” is independently a bond; SpP is a spacer precursor; L3 is an optionally substituted C1-6 alkylene-CO, C2-6 alkenylene-CO, or C1-6 heteroalkylene-CO; L2 is a divalent tetrapeptide residue; Z is each R1 is independently H or C1-3 alkyl, y is an integer between 5 and 15; and q is an integer between 5 and 10.
[0106] In some embodiments, a compound of Formula II has the following structure: or stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Z and L are as defined anywhere herein.
[0107] In some embodiments, a compound of Formula II has the following structure: or stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Z and L are as defined anywhere herein.
[0108] In some embodiments, a compound of Formula II has the following structure or stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Z and L are as defined anywhere herein.
[0109] In some embodiments, Z is (e.g., ) , and each R1 is independently H or C1-3 alkyl (e.g., methyl) . In some embodiments, Z is and all R1 substituents are H. In some embodiments, Z is (e.g., ) .
[0110] In some embodiments, Z is and each R1 is independently H or C1-3 alkyl (e.g., methyl) . In some embodiments, Z is and both R1 substituents are CH3. In some embodiments, Z is In some embodiments, y is 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10. In some embodiments, y is 5, 7, or 10.
[0111] In some embodiments, Z is and each R1 is independently H or C1-3 alkyl (e.g., methyl) . In some embodiments, Z is In some embodiments, q is 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10. In some embodiments, q is 10.
[0112] In some embodiments, Z is selected from (e.g., ) , In some embodiments, Z is (e.g., )
[0113] In some embodiments, L is SpP-L3-L2, wherein SpP is a spacer precursor; L3 is an optionally substituted C1-6 alkylene-CO, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenylene-CO, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynylene-CO, or optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkylene-CO; and L2 is a divalent tetrapeptide residue. As described herein, SpP is a moiety used for connecting the target-binding moiety (e.g., an antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof) to the drug or payload, optionally via a linking moiety. In some embodiments, SpP is In some embodiments, SpP is In some embodiments, SpP is In some embodiments, L3 is a substituted C1-6 alkylene-CO. In some embodiments, L3 is an unsubstituted C1-6 alkylene-CO. In some embodiments, L3 is a substituted C2-6 alkenylene-CO. In some embodiments, L3 is an unsubstituted C2-6 alkenylene-CO. In some embodiments, L3 is a substituted C1-6 heteroalkylene-CO. In some embodiments, L3 is an unsubstituted C1-6 heteroalkylene-CO. In some embodiments, L3 is a substituted C2-6 alkynylene-CO. In some embodiments, L3 is an unsubstituted C2-6 alkynylene-CO. In some embodiments, L2 is a divalent tetrapeptide residue. In some embodiments, L2 is Gly-Gly-Phe-Gly. In some embodiments, L2 is a moiety having the following structure wherein the *bond is attached to L3.
[0114] In some embodiments, L is SpP-L3-L2, wherein SpP is a spacer precursor; L3 is an optionally substituted C1-6 alkylene-CO-, C2-6 alkenylene-CO-, or C1-6 heteroalkylene-CO-; and L2 is a divalent tetrapeptide residue. As described herein, SpP is a moiety used for connecting the target-binding moiety (e.g., an antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof) to the payload. In some embodiments, SpP is In some embodiments, L3 is a substituted C1-6 alkylene-CO. In some embodiments, L3 is an unsubstituted C1-6 alkylene-CO. In some embodiments, L3 is a substituted C2-6 alkenylene-CO-. In some embodiments, L3 is an unsubstituted C2-6 alkenylene-CO. In some embodiments, L3 is a substituted C1-6 heteroalkylene-CO. In some embodiments, L3 is an unsubstituted C1-6 heteroalkylene-CO. In some embodiments, L2 is a divalent tetrapeptide residue. In some embodiments, L2 is Gly-Gly-Phe-Gly. In some embodiments, L2 is a moiety having the following structure wherein the *bond is attached to L3.
[0115] In some embodiments, SpP-L3 is In some embodiments, L3-L2 is wherein the *bond is attached to SpP. In some embodiments, SpP-L3-L2 is
[0116] In some embodiments, SpP-L3 is In some embodiments, L3-L2 is wherein the *bond is attached to SpP. In some embodiments, SpP-L3-L2 is
[0117] In some embodiments, SpP-L3 is In some embodiments, L3-L2 is wherein the *bond is attached to SpP. In some embodiments, SpP-L3-L2 is
[0118] In another aspect, provided herein is a compound of Formula III: SpP-L3-L2-L1-D III or stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein D is Exatecan; SpP is a spacer precursor; L3 is an optionally substituted C1-6 alkylene-CO, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenylene-CO, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynylene-CO, or optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkylene-CO; L2 is a divalent tetrapeptide residue; L1 is selected from: wherein the *bond is attached to D.
[0119] In another aspect, provided herein is a compound of Formula III: SpP-L3-L2-L1-D III or stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein D is Exatecan; SpP is a spacer precursor; L3 is an optionally substituted C1-6 alkylene-CO, C2-6 alkenylene-CO, or C1-6 heteroalkylene-CO; L2 is a divalent tetrapeptide residue; L1 is selected from: wherein the *bond is attached to D.
[0120] In some embodiments, SpP is In some embodiments, spacer SpP is In some embodiments, SpP is In some embodiments, L3 is a substituted C1-6 alkylene-CO. In some embodiments, L3 is an unsubstituted C1-6 alkylene-CO. In some embodiments, L3 is a substituted C2-6 alkenylene-CO. In some embodiments, L3 is an unsubstituted C2-6 alkenylene-CO. In some embodiments, L3 is a substituted C2-6 alkynylene-CO. In some embodiments, L3 is an unsubstituted C2-6 alkynylene-CO. In some embodiments, L3 is a substituted C1-6 heteroalkylene-CO. In some embodiments, L3 is an unsubstituted C1-6 heteroalkylene-CO. In some embodiments, L2 is a tetrapeptide residue. In some embodiments, L2 is Gly-Gly-Phe-Gly. In some embodiments, L2 is a moiety having the following structure wherein the *bond is attached to L3.
[0121] In some embodiments, spacer SpP is In some embodiments, L3 is a substituted C1-6 alkylene-CO. In some embodiments, L3 is an unsubstituted C1-6 alkylene-CO. In some embodiments, L3 is a substituted C2-6 alkenylene-CO. In some embodiments, L3 is an unsubstituted C2-6 alkenylene-CO. In some embodiments, L3 is a substituted C1-6 heteroalkylene-CO. In some embodiments, L3 is an unsubstituted C1-6 heteroalkylene-CO. In some embodiments, L2 is a tetrapeptide residue. In some embodiments, L2 is Gly-Gly-Phe-Gly. In some embodiments, L2 is a moiety having the following structure wherein the *bond is attached to L3.
[0122] In some embodiments, SpP-L3 is In some embodiments, L3-L2 is wherein the *bond is attached to SpP. In some embodiments, SpP-L3-L2 is
[0123] In some embodiments, SpP-L3 is In some embodiments, L3-L2 is wherein the *bond is attached to SpP. In some embodiments, SpP-L3-L2 is
[0124] In some embodiments, SpP-L3 is In some embodiments, L3-L2 is wherein the *bond is attached to SpP. In some embodiments, SpP-L3-L2 is
[0125] In some embodiments, L1 is selected from: wherein the *bond is attached to D. In some embodiments, L1 is
[0126] In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound selected from: or stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.Antibody-drug conjugates
[0127] In another aspect, provided herein is an antibody-drug conjugate comprising a target-binding moiety such as an antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof. The target-binding moiety can, for example, specifically bind to a cell component or to other target molecules of interest. Accordingly, the compounds (e.g., the antibody-drug conjugates) disclosed herein can be used in treating, e.g., various cancers and / or in treating, preventing, or inhibiting tumor growth.
[0128] In some embodiments, the present application provides a compound having a structure of Formula I: or stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein n is 1 to 50; m is 1 to 20; each D is independently a drug moiety, optionally wherein the drug moiety is an Exatecan moiety or an analog thereof; each L’ is independently Sp-L3-L2-L1, wherein: Sp is a spacer; each occurrence of “-” is independently a bond; L3 is an optionally substituted C1-6 alkylene-CO, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenylene-CO, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynylene-CO, or optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkylene-CO; L2 is a divalent tetrapeptide residue; L1 is a p-aminobenzyl carbamate spacer substituted with a glucuronide, -X-polyethylene glyocol (PEG) , or polysarcosine, provided that a carbonyl group of the polysarcosine is directly attached to the p-aminobenzyl carbamate spacer; X is C1-6 alkylene-N (R1) C (O) -or C1-6 alkylene-C (O) N (R1) -; R1 is each independently H or C1-6 alkyl; and Y is the target-binding moiety, optionally wherein the target-binding moiety is an antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof.
[0129] In some embodiments, the present application provides a compound having a structure of Formula I: or stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein n is 1 to 50; m is 1 to 20; each D is independently a drug moiety, optionally wherein the drug moiety is an Exatecan moiety or an analog thereof; each L’ is independently Sp-L3-L2-L1, wherein: Sp is a spacer; each occurrence of “-” is independently a bond; L3 is an optionally substituted C1-6 alkylene-CO, C2-6 alkenylene-CO, or C1-6 heteroalkylene-CO; L2 is a divalent tetrapeptide residue; L1 is a p-aminobenzyl carbamate spacer substituted with a glucuronide, -X-polyethylene glyocol (PEG) , or polysarcosine, provided that a carbonyl group of the polysarcosine is directly attached to the p-aminobenzyl carbamate spacer; X is C1-6 alkylene-N (R1) C (O) -or C1-6 alkylene-C (O) N (R1) -; R1 is each independently H or C1-6 alkyl; and Y is the target-binding moiety, optionally wherein the target-binding moiety is an antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof.
[0130] In some embodiments, Y is an antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof, and L’ is attached to Y through the sulphur (S) atom of the sulfhydryl (-SH) group in Y.
[0131] In some embodiments, n is 1 to 50, and m is 1 to 20. Accordingly, the compound of Formula I comprises a target-binding moiety Y that is covalently linked to at least one (e.g., 1 to 20) linker moiety L’ , wherein each linker moiety L’ is covalently linked to at least one (e.g., 1 to 50) drug moiety D. In some embodiments, n is 1. Accordingly, the compound of Formula I may comprise a target-binding moiety Y that is covalently linked to at least one (e.g., 1 to 20) linker moiety L’ , and each linker moiety L’ is covalently linked to a drug moiety D. In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound of Formula I-a: or stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein m is 1 to 20; D is Exatecan; each L’ is independently Sp-L3-L2-L1, wherein: Sp is a spacer; each occurrence of “-” is independently a bond; L3 is an optionally substituted C1-6 alkylene-CO, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenylene-CO, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynylene-CO, or optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkylene-CO; L2 is a divalent tetrapeptide residue; and L1 is selected from: wherein the *bond is attached to D; and Y is the target-binding moiety, optionally wherein the target-binding moiety is an antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof.
[0132] In some embodiments, n is 1 to 50, and m is 1 to 20. Accordingly, the compound of Formula I comprises a target-binding moiety Y that is covalently linked to at least one (e.g., 1 to 20) linker moiety L’ , wherein each linker moiety L’ is covalently linked to at least one (e.g., 1 to 50) drug moiety D. In some embodiments, n is 1. Accordingly, the compound of Formula I may comprise a target-binding moiety Y that is covalently linked to at least one (e.g., 1 to 20) linker moiety L’ , and each linker moiety L’ is covalently linked to a drug moiety D. In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound of Formula I-a: or stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein m is 1 to 20; D is Exatecan; each L’ is independently Sp-L3-L2-L1, wherein: Sp is a spacer; each occurrence of “-” is independently a bond; L3 is an optionally substituted C1-6 alkylene-CO, C2-6 alkenylene-CO, or C1-6 heteroalkylene-CO; L2 is a divalent tetrapeptide residue; and L1 is selected from: wherein the *bond is attached to D; and Y is the target-binding moiety, optionally wherein the target-binding moiety is an antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof.
[0133] In some embodiments, Y is an antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof, and L’ is attached to Y through the sulphur (S) atom of the sulfhydryl (-SH) group in Y.
[0134] In some embodiments, Sp is a spacer (e.g., wherein the *bond is attached to Y) . In some embodiments, L3 is an optionally substituted C1-6 alkylene-CO, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenylene-CO, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynylene-CO, or optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkylene-CO. In some embodiments, L3 is a substituted C1-6 alkylene-CO. In some embodiments, L3 is an unsubstituted C1-6 alkylene-CO. In some embodiments, L3 is a substituted C2-6 alkenylene-CO. In some embodiments, L3 is an unsubstituted C2-6 alkenylene-CO. In some embodiments, L3 is a substituted C2-6 alkynylene-CO. In some embodiments, L3 is an unsubstituted C2-6 alkynylene-CO. In some embodiments, L3 is a substituted C1-6 heteroalkylene-CO. In some embodiments, L3 is an unsubstituted C1-6 heteroalkylene-CO. In some embodiments, L2 is a divalent tetrapeptide residue (e.g., Gly-Gly-Phe-Gly) . In some embodiments, L2 is a moiety having the following structure wherein the *bond is attached to L3.
[0135] In some embodiments, Sp is a spacer (e.g., wherein the *bond is attached to Y) . In some embodiments, L3 is an optionally substituted C1-6 alkylene-CO, C2-6 alkenylene-CO, or C1-6 heteroalkylene-CO. In some embodiments, L3 is a substituted C1-6 alkylene-CO. In some embodiments, L3 is an unsubstituted C1-6 alkylene-CO. In some embodiments, L3 is a substituted C2-6 alkenylene-CO. In some embodiments, L3 is an unsubstituted C2-6 alkenylene-CO. In some embodiments, L3 is a substituted C1-6 heteroalkylene-CO. In some embodiments, L3 is an unsubstituted C1-6 heteroalkylene-CO. In some embodiments, L2 is a divalent tetrapeptide residue (e.g., Gly-Gly-Phe-Gly) . In some embodiments, L2 is a moiety having the following structure wherein the *bond is attached to L3.
[0136] In some embodiments, Sp-L3 is wherein *bond is attached to Y. In some embodiments, L3-L2 is wherein the *bond is attached to Sp. In some embodiments, Sp-L3-L2 is
[0137] In some embodiments, Sp-L3 is wherein *bond is attached to Y. In some embodiments, L3-L2 is wherein the *bond is attached to Sp. In some embodiments, Sp-L3-L2 is
[0138] In some embodiments, Sp-L3 is wherein *bond is attached to Y. In some embodiments, L3-L2 is wherein the *bond is attached to Sp. In some embodiments, Sp-L3-L2 is
[0139] In some embodiments, L1 is a p-aminobenzyl carbamate spacer substituted with a glucuronide. In some embodiments, L1 is a p-aminobenzyl carbamate spacer substituted with a -X-polyethylene glyocol (PEG) , wherein X is C1-6 alkylene-N (R1) C (O) -or C1-6 alkylene-C (O) N (R1) -and R1 is each independently H or C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, L1 is a p-aminobenzyl carbamate spacer substituted with a polysarcosine residue, provided that a carbonyl group of the polysarcosine is directly attached to the p-aminobenzyl carbamate spacer.
[0140] In some embodiments, L1 is selected from: wherein the *bond is attached to D. In some embodiments, L1 is
[0141] In some embodiments, the compound described herein is a conjugate of a target-binding moiety (e.g., an antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof) and at least one (e.g., 1 to 20) compound of Formula II. Accordingly, provided herein is a compound of Formula I-b: or stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein m is 1 to 20; each L is independently Sp-L3-L2, wherein: Sp is a spacer; each occurrence of “-” is independently a bond; L3 is an optionally substituted C1-6 alkylene-CO, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenylene-CO, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynylene-CO, or optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkylene-CO; L2 is a divalent tetrapeptide residue; Z is each R1 is independently H or C1-3 alkyl, y is an integer between 5 and 15; q is an integer between 5 and 10; Y is the target-binding moiety, optionally wherein the target-binding moiety is an antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof.
[0142] In some embodiments, the compound described herein is a conjugate of a target-binding moiety (e.g., an antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof) and at least one (e.g., 1 to 20) compound of Formula II. Accordingly, provided herein is a compound of Formula I-b: or stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein m is 1 to 20; each L is independently Sp-L3-L2, wherein: Sp is a spacer; each occurrence of “-” is independently a bond; L3 is an optionally substituted C1-6 alkylene-CO, C2-6 alkenylene-CO, or C1-6 heteroalkylene-CO; L2 is a divalent tetrapeptide residue; Z is each R1 is independently H or C1-3 alkyl, y is an integer between 5 and 15; q is an integer between 5 and 10; Y is the target-binding moiety, optionally wherein the target-binding moiety is an antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof.
[0143] In some embodiments, Y is an antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof, and L is attached to Y through the sulphur (S) atom of the sulfhydryl (-SH) group in Y.
[0144] In some embodiments, a compound of Formula I-b has the following structure: or stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Y, L, and Z are as defined anywhere herein.
[0145] In some embodiments, a compound of Formula I-b has the following structure: or stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Y, L, and Z are as defined anywhere herein.
[0146] In some embodiments, a compound of Formula I-b has the following structure: or stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Y, L, and Z are as defined anywhere herein.
[0147] In some embodiments, Z is (e.g., ) , and each R1 is independently H or C1-3 alkyl (e.g., methyl) . In some embodiments, Z is and all R1 substituents are H. In some embodiments, Z is (e.g., ) .
[0148] In some embodiments, Z is and each R1 is independently H or C1-3 alkyl (e.g., methyl) . In some embodiments, Z is and both R1 substituents are CH3. In some embodiments, Z is In some embodiments, y is 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10. In some embodiments, y is 5, 7, or 10.
[0149] In some embodiments, Z is and each R1 is independently H or C1-3 alkyl (e.g., methyl) . In some embodiments, Z is In some embodiments, q is 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10. In some embodiments, q is 10.
[0150] In some embodiments, Z is selected from (e.g., ) , In some embodiments, Z is (e.g., ) .
[0151] In some embodiments, L is Sp-L3-L2, wherein Sp is a spacer; L3 is an optionally substituted C1-6 alkylene-CO, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenylene-CO, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynylene-CO, or optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkylene-CO; and L2 is a tetrapeptide. In some embodiments, Sp is wherein the *bond is attached to Y. In some embodiments, L3 is a substituted C1-6 alkylene-CO. In some embodiments, L3 is an unsubstituted C1-6 alkylene-CO. In some embodiments, L3 is a substituted C2-6 alkenylene-CO. In some embodiments, L3 is an unsubstituted C2-6 alkenylene-CO. In some embodiments, L3 is a substituted C2-6 alkynylene-CO. In some embodiments, L3 is an unsubstituted C2-6 alkynylene-CO. In some embodiments, L3 is a substituted C1-6 heteroalkylene-CO. In some embodiments, L3 is an unsubstituted C1-6 heteroalkylene-CO. In some embodiments, L2 is a divalent tetrapeptide residue. In some embodiments, L2 is Gly-Gly-Phe-Gly. In some embodiments, L2 is a moiety having the following structure wherein the *bond is attached to L3.
[0152] In some embodiments, L is Sp-L3-L2, wherein Sp is a spacer; L3 is an optionally substituted C1-6 alkylene-CO, C2-6 alkenylene-CO, or C1-6 heteroalkylene-CO; and L2 is a tetrapeptide. In some embodiments, Sp is wherein the *bond is attached to Y. In some embodiments, L3 is a substituted C1-6 alkylene-CO. In some embodiments, L3 is an unsubstituted C1-6 alkylene-CO. In some embodiments, L3 is a substituted C2-6 alkenylene-CO. In some embodiments, L3 is an unsubstituted C2-6 alkenylene-CO. In some embodiments, L3 is a substituted C1-6 heteroalkylene-CO. In some embodiments, L3 is an unsubstituted C1-6 heteroalkylene-CO. In some embodiments, L2 is a divalent tetrapeptide residue. In some embodiments, L2 is Gly-Gly-Phe-Gly. In some embodiments, L2 is a moiety having the following structure wherein the *bond is attached to L3.
[0153] In some embodiments, Sp-L3 is wherein the *bond is attached to Y. In some embodiments, L3-L2 is wherein the *bond is attached to Sp. In some embodiments, Sp-L3-L2 is wherein the *bond is attached to Y.
[0154] In some embodiments, Sp-L3 is wherein the *bond is attached to Y. In some embodiments, L3-L2 is wherein the *bond is attached to Sp. In some embodiments, Sp-L3-L2 is wherein the *bond is attached to Y.
[0155] In some embodiments, Sp-L3 is wherein the *bond is attached to Y. In some embodiments, L3-L2 is , wherein the *bond is attached to Sp. In some embodiments, Sp-L3-L2 is wherein the *bond is attached to Y.
[0156] In accordance with any embodiments described herein, the drug moiety D as described herein may be an Exatecan moiety or an analog thereof.
[0157] In accordance with any embodiments described herein, the target-binding moiety Y may be an antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof. Examples of antibodies include, but are not limited to, 3F8 (anti-GD2) , Abagovomab (anti CA-125) , Abciximab (anti CD41 (integrin alpha-IIb) , Adalimumab (anti-TNF-α) , Adecatumumab (anti-EpCAM, CD326) , Afelimomab (anti-TNF-α) , Afutuzumab (anti-CD20) , Alacizumab pegol (anti-VEGFR2) , ALD518 (anti-IL-6) , Alemtuzumab (Campath, MabCampath, anti-CD52) , Altumomab (anti-CEA) , Anatumomab (anti-TAG-72) , Anrukinzumab (IMA-638, anti-IL-13) , Apolizumab (anti-HLA-DR) , Arcitumomab (anti-CEA) , Aselizumab (anti-L-selectin (CD62L) , Atlizumab (tocilizumab, Actemra, RoActemra, anti-IL-6 receptor) , Atorolimumab (anti-Rhesus factor) , Bapineuzumab (anti-beta amyloid) , Basiliximab (Simulect, antiCD25 (α chain of IL-2 receptor) , Bavituximab (anti-phosphatidylserine) , Bectumomab (LymphoScan, anti-CD22) , Belimumab (Benlysta, LymphoStat-B, anti-BAFF) , Benralizumab (anti-CD125) , Bertilimumab (anti-CCL11 (eotaxin-1) ) , Besilesomab (Scintimun, anti-CEA-related antigen) , Bevacizumab (Avastin, anti-VEGF-A) , Biciromab (FibriScint, anti-fibrin II beta chain) , Bivatuzumab (anti-CD44 v6) , Blinatumomab (BiTE, anti-CD19) , Brentuximab (cAC10, anti-CD30 TNFRSF8) , Briakinumab (anti-IL-12, IL-23) Canakinumab (Ilaris, anti-IL-1) , Cantuzumab (C242, anti-CanAg) , Capromab, Catumaxomab (Removab, anti-EpCAM, anti-CD3) , CC49 (anti-TAG-72) , Cedelizumab (anti-CD4) , Certolizumab pegol (Cimzia anti-TNF-α) , Cetuximab (Erbitux, IMC-C225, anti-EGFR) , Citatuzumab bogatox (anti-EpCAM) , Cixutumumab (anti-IGF-1) , Clenoliximab (anti-CD4) , Clivatuzumab (anti-MUC1) , Conatumumab (anti-TRAIL-R2) , CR6261 (anti-Influenza A hemagglutinin) , Dacetuzumab (anti-CD40) , Daclizumab (Zenapax, anti-CD25 (α chain of IL-2 receptor) ) , Daratumumab (anti-CD38 (cyclic ADP ribose hydrolase) , Denosumab (Prolia, anti-RANKL) , Detumomab (anti-B-lymphoma cell) , Dorlimomab, Dorlixizumab, Ecromeximab (anti-GD3 ganglioside) , Eculizumab (Soliris, anti-C5) , Edobacomab (anti-endotoxin) , Edrecolomab (Panorex, MAb17-1A, anti-EpCAM) , Efalizumab (Raptiva, anti-LFA-1 (CD11a) , Efungumab (Mycograb, anti-Hsp90) , Elotuzumab (anti-SLAMF7) , Elsilimomab (anti-IL-6) , Enlimomab pegol (anti-ICAM-1 (CD54) ) , Epitumomab (anti-episialin) , Epratuzumab (anti-CD22) , Erlizumab (anti-ITGB2 (CD18) ) , Ertumaxomab (Rexomun, anti-HER2 / neu, CD3) , Etaracizumab (Abegrin, anti-integrin α vβ 3) , Exbivirumab (anti-hepatitis B surface antigen) , Fanolesomab (NeutroSpec, anti-CD15) , Faralimomab (anti-interferon receptor) , Farletuzumab (anti-folate receptor 1) , Felvizumab (anti-respiratory syncytial virus) , Fezakinumab (anti-IL-22) , Figitumumab (anti-IGF-1 receptor) , Fontolizumab (anti-IFN-γ) , Foravirumab (anti-rabies virus glycoprotein) , Fresolimumab (anti-TGF-β) , Galiximab (anti-CD80) , Gantenerumab (anti-beta amyloid) , Gavilimomab (anti-CD147 (basigin) ) , Gemtuzumab (anti-CD33) , Girentuximab (anti-carbonic anhydrase 9) , Glembatumumab (CR011, anti-GPNMB) , Golimumab (Simponi, anti-TNF-α) , Gomiliximab (anti-CD23 (IgE receptor) ) , anti–HLA-DR antibody, Ibalizumab (anti-CD4) , Ibritumomab (anti-CD20) , Igovomab (Indimacis-125, anti-CA-125) , Imciromab (Myoscint, anti-cardiac myosin) , Infliximab (Remicade, anti-TNF-α) , Intetumumab (anti-CD51) , Inolimomab (anti-CD25 (α chain of IL-2 receptor) ) , Inotuzumab (anti-CD22) , Ipilimumab (anti-CD152) , Iratumumab (anti-CD30 (TNFRSF8) ) , Keliximab (anti-CD4) , Labetuzumab (CEA-Cide, anti-CEA) , Lebrikizumab (anti-IL-13) , Lemalesomab (anti-NCA-90 (granulocyte antigen) ) , Lerdelimumab (anti-TGF beta 2) , Lexatumumab (anti-TRAIL-R2) , Libivirumab (anti-hepatitis B surface antigen) , Lintuzumab (anti-CD33) , Lucatumumab (anti-CD40) , Lumiliximab (anti-CD23 (IgE receptor) , Mapatumumab (anti-TRAIL-R1) , Maslimomab (anti-T-cell receptor) , Matuzumab (anti-EGFR) , Mepolizumab (Bosatria, anti-IL-5) , Metelimumab (anti-TGF beta 1) , Milatuzumab (anti-CD74) , Minretumomab (anti-TAG-72) , Mitumomab (BEC-2, anti-GD3 ganglioside) , Morolimumab (anti-Rhesus factor) , Motavizumab (Numax, anti-respiratory syncytial virus) , Muromonab-CD3 (Orthoclone OKT3, anti-CD3) , Nacolomab (anti-C242) , Naptumomab (anti-5T4) , Natalizumab (Tysabri, anti-integrin α 4) , Nebacumab (anti-endotoxin) , Necitumumab (anti-EGFR) , Nerelimomab (anti-TNF-α) , Nimotuzumab (Theracim, Theraloc, anti-EGFR) , Nofetumomab, Ocrelizumab (anti-CD20) , Odulimomab (Afolimomab, anti-LFA-1 (CD11a) ) , Ofatumumab (Arzerra, anti-CD20) , Olaratumab (anti-PDGF-R α) , Omalizumab (Xolair, anti-IgE Fc region) , Oportuzumab (anti-EpCAM) , Oregovomab (OvaRex, anti-CA-125) , Otelixizumab (anti-CD3) , Pagibaximab (anti-lipoteichoic acid) , Palivizumab (Synagis, Abbosynagis, anti-respiratory syncytial virus) , Panitumumab (Vectibix, ABX-EGF, anti-EGFR) , Panobacumab (anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa) , Pascolizumab (anti-IL-4) , Pemtumomab (Theragyn, anti-MUC1) , Pertuzumab (Omnitarg, 2C4, anti-HER2 / neu) , Pexelizumab (anti-C5) , Pintumomab (anti-adenocarcinoma antigen) , Priliximab (anti-CD4) , Pritumumab (anti-vimentin) , PRO 140 (anti-CCR5) , Racotumomab (1E10, anti- (N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc, NGNA) -gangliosides GM3) ) , Rafivirumab (anti-rabies virus glycoprotein) , Ramucirumab (anti-VEGFR2) , Ranibizumab (Lucentis, anti-VEGF-A) , Raxibacumab (anti-anthrax toxin, protective antigen) , Regavirumab (anti-cytomegalovirus glycoprotein B) , Reslizumab (anti-IL-5) , Rilotumumab (anti-HGF) , Rituximab (MabThera, Rituxanmab, anti-CD20) , Robatumumab (anti-IGF-1 receptor) , Rontalizumab (anti-IFN-α) , Rovelizumab (LeukArrest, anti-CD11, CD18) , Ruplizumab (Antova, anti-CD154 (CD40L) ) , Satumomab (anti-TAG-72) , Sevirumab (anti-cytomegalovirus) , Sibrotuzumab (anti-FAP) , Sifalimumab (anti-IFN-α) , Siltuximab (anti-IL-6) , Siplizumab (anti-CD2) , (Smart) MI95 (anti-CD33) , Solanezumab (anti-beta amyloid) , Sonepcizumab (anti-sphingosine-1-phosphate) , Sontuzumab (anti-episialin) , Stamulumab (anti-myostatin) , Sulesomab (LeukoScan, (anti-NCA-90 (granulocyte antigen) , Tacatuzumab (anti-alpha-fetoprotein) , Tadocizumab (anti-integrin α IIbβ 3) , Talizumab (anti-IgE) , Tanezumab (anti-NGF) , Taplitumomab (anti-CD19) , Tefibazumab (Aurexis, (anti-clumping factor A) , Telimomab, Tenatumomab (anti-tenascin C) , Teneliximab (anti-CD40) , Teplizumab (anti-CD3) , TGN1412 (anti-CD28) , Ticilimumab (Tremelimumab, (anti-CTLA-4) , Tigatuzumab (anti-TRAIL-R2) , TNX-650 (anti-IL-13) , Tocilizumab (Atlizumab, Actemra, RoActemra, (anti-IL-6 receptor) , Toralizumab (anti-CD154 (CD40L) ) , Tositumomab (anti-CD20) , Trastuzumab (Herceptin, (anti-HER2 / neu) , Tremelimumab (anti-CTLA-4) , Tucotuzumab celmoleukin (anti-EpCAM) , Tuvirumab (anti-hepatitis B virus) , Urtoxazumab (anti-Escherichia coli) , Ustekinumab (Stelara, anti-IL-12, IL-23) , Vapaliximab (anti-AOC3 (VAP-1) ) , Vedolizumab, (anti-integrin α 4β 7) , Veltuzumab (anti-CD20) , Vepalimomab (anti-AOC3 (VAP-1) , Visilizumab (Nuvion, anti-CD3) , Vitaxin (anti-vascular integrin avb3) , Volociximab (anti-integrin α 5β 1) , Votumumab (HumaSPECT, anti-tumor antigen CTAA16.88) , Zalutumumab (HuMax-EGFr, (anti-EGFR) , Zanolimumab (HuMax-CD4, anti-CD4) , Ziralimumab (anti-CD147 (basigin) ) , Zolimomab (anti-CD5) , Etanercept, Alefacept, Abatacept, Rilonacept (Arcalyst) , 14F7 (anti-IRP-2 (Iron Regulatory Protein 2) ) , 14G2a (anti-GD2 ganglioside, from Nat. Cancer Inst. for melanoma and solid tumors) , J591 (anti-PSMA, Weill Cornell Medical School for prostate cancers) , 225.28S (anti-HMW-MAA (High molecular weight-melanoma-associated antigen) , Sorin Radiofarmaci S.R.L. (Milan, Italy) for melanoma) , COL-1 (anti-CEACAM3, CGM1, from Nat. Cancer Inst. USA for colorectal and gastric cancers) , CYT-356 (for prostate cancers) , HNK20 (OraVax Inc. for respiratory syncytial virus) , ImmuRAIT (from Immunomedics for NHL) , Lym-1 (anti-HLA-DR10, Peregrine Pharm. for Cancers) , MAK-195F (anti-TNF (tumor necrosis factor; TNFA, TNF-alpha; TNFSF2) , from Abbott / Knoll for Sepsis toxic shock) , MEDI-500, T10B9, anti-CD3, TRαβ (T cell receptor alpha / beta) , complex, from MedImmune Inc for Graft-versus-host disease) , RING SCAN (anti-TAG 72 (tumor associated glycoprotein 72) , from Neoprobe Corp. for Breast, Colon and Rectal cancers) , Avicidin (anti-EPCAM (epithelial cell adhesion molecule) , anti-TACSTD1 (Tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 1) , anti-GA733-2 (gastrointestinal tumor-associated protein 2) , anti-EGP-2 (epithelial glycoprotein 2) , anti-KSA; KS1 / 4 antigen; M4S; tumor antigen 17-1A; CD326, from NeoRx Corp. for Colon, Ovarian, Prostate cancers and NHL) , anti-Trop-2-humanized antibody hRS7, LymphoCide (Immunomedics, NJ) , Smart ID10 (Protein Design Labs) , Oncolym (Techniclone Inc, CA) , Allomune (BioTransplant, CA) , anti-VEGF (Genentech, CA) , CEAcide (Immunomedics, NJ) , IMC-1C11 (ImClone Systems) , and Cetuximab (ImClone) .
[0158] In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment, targets one or more of the following antigens: Aminopeptidase N (CD13) , Annexin A1, B7-H3 (CD276, various cancers) , CA125 (ovarian) , CA15-3 (carcinomas) , CA19-9 (carcinomas) , L6 (carcinomas) , Lewis Y (carcinomas) , Lewis X (carcinomas) , alpha fetoprotein (carcinomas) , CA242 (colorectal) , placental alkaline phosphatase (carcinomas) , prostate specific antigen (prostate) , prostatic acid phosphatase (prostate) , epidermal growth factor (carcinomas) , CD2 (Hodgkin’s disease, NHL lymphoma, multiple myeloma) , CD3 epsilon (T cell lymphoma, lung, breast, gastric, ovarian cancers, autoimmune diseases, malignant ascites) , CD19 (B cell malignancies) , CD20 (non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma) , CD22 (leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, SLE) , CD30 (Hodgkin’s lymphoma) , CD33 (leukemia, autoimmune diseases) , CD38 (multiple myeloma) , CD40 (lymphoma, multiple myeloma, leukemia (CLL) ) , CD51 (Metastatic melanoma, sarcoma) , CD52 (leukemia) , CD56 (small cell lung cancers, ovarian cancer, Merkel cell carcinoma, and the liquid tumor, multiple myeloma) , CD66e (cancers) , CD70 (metastatic renal cell carcinoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma) , CD74 (multiple myeloma) , CD80 (lymphoma) , CD98 (cancers) , mucin (carcinomas) , CD221 (solid tumors) , CD227 (breast, ovarian cancers) , CD262 (NSCLC and other cancers) , CD309 (ovarian cancers) , CD326 (solid tumors) , CEACAM3 (colorectal, gastric cancers) , CEACAM5 (carcinoembryonic antigen; CEA, CD66e) (breast, colorectal and lung cancers) , DLL4 (Δ-like-4) , EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor, various cancers) , CTLA4 (melanoma) , CXCR4 (CD184, Heme-oncology, solid tumors) , Endoglin (CD105, solid tumors) , EPCAM (epithelial cell adhesion molecule, bladder, head, neck, colon, NHL prostate, and ovarian cancers) , ERBB2 (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2; lung, breast, prostate cancers) , FCGR1 (autoimmune diseases) , FOLR (folate receptor, ovarian cancers) , GD2 ganglioside (cancers) , G-28 (acell surface antigen glycolipid, melanoma) , GD3 idiotype (cancers) , Heat shock proteins (cancers) , HER1 (lung, stomach cancers) , HER2 (breast, lung and ovarian cancers) , HLA-DR10 (NHL) , HLA-DRB (NHL, B cell leukemia) , human chorionic gonadotropin (carcinoma) , IGF1R (insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor, solid tumors, blood cancers) , IL-2 receptor (interleukin 2 receptor, T-cell leukemia and lymphomas) , IL-6R (interleukin 6 receptor, multiple myeloma, RA, Castleman’s disease, IL6 dependent tumors) , Integrins (αvβ3, α5β1, α6β4, αllβ3, α5β5, αvβ5, for various cancers) , MAGE-1 (carcinomas) , MAGE-2 (carcinomas) , MAGE-3 (carcinomas) , MAGE 4 (carcinomas) , anti-transferrin receptor (carcinomas) , p97 (melanoma) , MS4A1 (membrane-spanning 4-domains subfamily A member 1, Non-Hodgkin’s B cell lymphoma, leukemia) , MUC1 or MUC1-KLH (breast, ovarian, cervix, bronchus and gastrointestinal cancer) , MUC16 (CA125) (Ovarian cancers) , CEA (colorectal) , gp100 (melanoma) , MART1 (melanoma) , MPG (melanoma) , MS4A1 (membrane-spanning 4-domains subfamily A, small cell lung cancers, NHL) , Nucleolin, Neuoncogene product (carcinomas) , P21 (carcinomas) , Paratope of anti-(N-glycolylneuraminic acid, Breast, Melanoma cancers) , PLAP-like testicular alkaline phosphatase (ovarian, testicular cancers) , PSMA (prostate tumors) , PSA (prostate) , ROBO4, TAG 72 (tumor associated glycoprotein 72, AML, gastric, colorectal, ovarian cancers) , T cell transmembrane protein (cancers) , Tie (CD202b) , TNFRSF10B (tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10B, cancers) , TNFRSF13B (tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 13B, multiple myeloma, NHL, other cancers, RA and SLE) , TPBG (trophoblast glycoprotein, Renal cell carcinoma) , TRAIL-R1 (Tumor necrosis apoptosis Inducing ligand Receptor 1, lymphoma, NHL, colorectal, lung cancers) , VCAM-1 (CD106, Melanoma) , VEGF, VEGF-A, or VEGF-2 (CD309) (various cancers) .
[0159] In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment, targets one or more of the following antigens: various cluster of differentiations (CD4, CD5, CD6, CD7, CD8, CD9, CD10, CD11a, CD11b, CD11c, CD12w, CD14, CD15, CD16, CDw17, CD18, CD21, CD23, CD24, CD25, CD26, CD27, CD28, CD29, CD31, CD32, CD34, CD35, CD36, CD37, CD41, CD42, CD43, CD44, CD45, CD46, CD47, CD48, CD49b, CD49c, CD53, CD54, CD55, CD58, CD59, CD61, CD62E, CD62L, CD62P, CD63, CD68, CD69, CD71, CD72, CD79, CD81, CD82, CD83, CD86, CD87, CD88, CD89, CD90, CD91, CD95, CD96, CD100, CD103, CD105, CD106, CD109, CD117, CD120, CD127, CD133, CD134, CD135, CD138, CD141, CD142, CD143, CD144, CD147, CD151, CD152, CD154, CD156, CD158, CD163, CD166, CD168, CD184, CDw186, CD195, CD202 (a, b) , CD209, CD235a, CD271, CD303, CD304) , Annexin A1, Nucleolin, Endoglin (CD105) , ROBO4, Amino-peptidase N, Δ-like-4 (DLL4) , VEGFR-2 (CD309) , CXCR4 9CD184) , Tie2, B7-H3, WT1, MUC1, LMP2, HPV E6 E7, EGFRvIII, HER-2 / neu, Idiotype, MAGE A3, p53 nonmutant, NY-ESO-1, GD2, CEA, MelanA / MART1, Ras mutant, gp100, p53 mutant, Proteinase3 (PR1) , bcr-abl, Tyrosinase, Survivin, hTERT, Sarcoma translocation breakpoints, EphA2, PAP, ML-IAP, AFP, EpCAM, ERG (TMPRSS2 ETS fusion gene) , NA17, PAX3, ALK, Androgen receptor, Cyclin B1, Polysialic acid, MYCN, RhoC, TRP-2, GD3, Fucosyl GM1, Mesothelin, PSCA, MAGE A1, sLe (a) , CYP1B1, PLAC1, GM3, BORIS, Tn, GloboH, ETV6-AML, NY-BR-1, RGS5, SART3, STn, Carbonic anhydrase IX, PAX5, OY-TES1, Sperm protein 17, LCK, HMWMAA, AKAP-4, SSX2, XAGE 1, B7H3, Legumain, Tie 2, Page4, VEGFR2, MAD-CT-1, FAP, PDGFR-β, MAD-CT-2, Fos-related antigen 1, 5T4, CDH17, or GPC3.
[0160] In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound selected from: or stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein m is 1 to 20.
[0161] The compounds provided herein (e.g., compounds of Formulae I-V) encompass stereochemical forms of the compounds, for example, optical isomers, such as enantiomers, diastereomers, as well as mixtures thereof, e.g., mixtures of enantiomers and / or diastereomers, including racemic mixtures, as well as equal or non-equal mixtures of individual enantiomers and / or diastereomers. All stereochemical forms are contemplated in this disclosure. Unless otherwise indicated, when a disclosed compound is named or depicted by a structure without specifying the stereochemistry and has one or more chiral centers, it is understood to represent all possible stereoisomers of the compound. Representative stereochemical forms are provided throughout the specification.
[0162] The compounds provided herein (e.g., compounds of Formulae I-V) include deuterated analogs, for example from 1 to nn hydrogens attached to a carbon atom is / are replaced by deuterium, in which nn is the number of hydrogens in the molecule.
[0163] The compounds provided herein (e.g., compounds of Formulae I-V) include pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. In addition, the compounds provided herein (e.g., compounds of Formulae I-V) also include other salts of such compounds which are not necessarily pharmaceutically acceptable salts, and which may be useful as intermediates for preparing and / or purifying compounds as described herein and / or for separating enantiomers of compounds as described herein. Pharmaceutical Compositions, Modes of Administration, and Method of Use
[0164] Compounds provided herein are usually administered in the form of pharmaceutical compositions. In addition to the active compound, the pharmaceutical composition described in this application may contain one or more excipients, and the excipients may be selected from the following group of ingredients: fillers (diluents) , binders, wetting agents, disintegrating agents Solvents and excipients, etc. Depending on the method of administration, the composition may contain from 0.1 to 99%by weight of active compound.
[0165] The pharmaceutical compositions may be in the form of sterile injectable aqueous solutions. Among the acceptable vehicles or solvents that may be employed are water, Ringer’s solution and isotonic sodium chloride solution.
[0166] The pharmaceutical compositions may be in the form of sterile injectable aqueous or oily suspensions for intramuscular and subcutaneous administration. This suspension may be formulated according to the known art using those suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents which have been mentioned herein above. The sterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile injectable solution or suspension in a non-toxic parenterally acceptable diluent or solvent. Alternatively, sterile fixed oils are conveniently employed as a solvent or suspending medium.
[0167] The compounds described herein may have in vivo tumor suppressive effects. Tumor cells with high expression of the specific target may include, but are not limited to, solid tumor cells. For example, tumor cells with high expression of the specific target include but are not limited to gastric cancer cells, or breast cancer cells, such as those with high expression of the specific target.
[0168] The compounds described herein may have in vivo tumor targeting capabilities. The in vivo targeting ability may refer to administering the compound labeled with a signal substance to an animal, and the distribution of the labeled compound in the tumor tissue of the animal may be increased by more than 1%compared to other tissues and organs, or 2%or more, 4%or more, 5%or more, 8%or more, 10%or more, 15%or more, 18%or more, 20%or more, 25%or more, 40%or more, 50%or more, 60%or more, 70 %or more, 80%or more, 90%or more, or 95%or more, or may be a distribution increase of more than 1.1 times, more than 1.3 times, more than 1.5 times, more than twice, more than three times, more than five times, more than ten times, more than twenty-two times, more than thirty times, more than fifty times, more than one hundred times, more than five hundred times, more than one thousand times, or more than one thousand five hundred times. The signal substance may be a radioactive substance, for example, the signal substance includes but is not limited to125I . The animals may include, but are not limited to, mammals, for example, the animals may include, but are not limited to, cats, dogs, horses, pigs, cows, sheep, rabbits, mice, rats, monkeys, or humans. The tissue or organ may include, but is not limited to, heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, brain, or bone marrow.
[0169] The compounds disclosed herein, including the antibody-drug conjugates, are designed to exhibit cytotoxic activity against cancer cells, and thus, can be used to treat cancer. Accordingly, provided herein are methods for treating cancer in a patient in need thereof, comprising administering to said patient a therapeutically acceptable amount of a compound as described herein, or a stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same.
[0170] The terms “treat, ” “treating, ” and “treatment, ” in the context of treating a disease, disorder, or condition, are meant to include alleviating or abrogating a disorder, disease, or condition, or one or more of the symptoms associated with the disorder, disease, or condition; or to slowing the progression, spread or worsening of a disease, disorder or condition or of one or more symptoms thereof. The term “preventing, ” as used herein, is the prevention of the onset, recurrence or spread, in whole or in part, of the disease or condition as described herein, or a symptom thereof.
[0171] The terms “subject, ” “patient, ” or “individual, ” as used herein, are used interchangeably and refers to any animal, including mammals such as mice, rats, other rodents, rabbits, dogs, cats, swine, cattle, sheep, horses, primates, and humans. In some embodiments, the term refers to a subject, particularly a mammalian subject, for whom diagnosis, prognosis, or therapy is desired or needed. In some embodiments, the subject is a human. In some embodiments, the subject has experienced and / or exhibited at least one symptom of the disease, disorder, or condition to be treated and / or prevented.
[0172] Also provided herein are methods for treating, preventing, or inhibiting tumor growth in a patient in need thereof, comprising administering to said patient a therapeutically acceptable amount of a compound as described herein, or a stereoisomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same.
[0173] The compounds as described herein, or a stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, can be administered as a pharmaceutical composition containing at least one pharmaceutically suitable ingredient.
[0174] For example, the pharmaceutical composition above may contain at least one pharmaceutical carrier (for example, sterilized liquid) , for example, water and oil.
[0175] In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition may be a pharmaceutical composition containing only a compound as described herein, or a stereoisomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition containing a combination of a compound as described herein, or a stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and at least one cancer treating agent other than the compound.
[0176] Accordingly, in some embodiments, the compounds as described herein, or a stereoisomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, can be administered with other cancer treating agent. The anti-cancer effect may be enhanced accordingly. Another anti-cancer agent used for such purpose may be administered to an individual simultaneously with, separately from, or subsequently to the compound, and it may be administered while varying the administration interval for each.
[0177] The tumor may be selected from tumors associated with the expression of HER2, HER3, B7H3, TROP2, Claudin 18.2, CD30, CD33, CD70, GPC3, CDH17, 5T4, or EGFR.
[0178] In certain embodiments, provided is a compound as described herein, or a stereoisomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in the treatment and / or prevention of tumors. In some embodiments, the tumor may be selected from a tumor associated with expression of HER2, HER3, B7H3, TROP2, Claudin 18.2, CD30, CD33, CD70 or EGFR.
[0179] In some embodiments, the compound comprises an antibody or antigen-binding fragment which targets a tumor cell.
[0180] In some embodiments, the compound comprises an antibody or antigen-binding fragment which is an anti-A33 antibody or antigen-binding fragment, an anti-CDH17 antibody or antigen-binding fragment, an anti-GPC3 antibody or antigen-binding fragment, an anti-5T4 antibody or antigen-binding fragment, an anti-B7-H3 antibody or antigen-binding fragment, an anti-CanAg antibody or antigen-binding fragment, an anti-CD20 antibody or antigen-binding fragment, an anti-CD22 antibody or antigen-binding fragment, an anti-CD30 antibody or antigen-binding fragment, an anti-CD33 antibody or antigen-binding fragment, an anti-CD56 antibody or antigen-binding fragment, an anti-CD70 antibody or antigen-binding fragment, an anti-CEA antibody or antigen-binding fragment, an anti-Cripto antibody or antigen-binding fragment, an anti-EphA2 antibody or antigen-binding fragment, an anti-G250 antibody or antigen-binding fragment, an anti-MUC1 antibody or antigen-binding fragment, an anti-GPNMB antibody or antigen-binding fragment, an anti-integrin antibody or antigen-binding fragment, an anti-PSMA antibody or antigen-binding fragment, an anti-tenascin-C antibody or antigen-binding fragment, an anti-SLC44A4 antibody or antigen-binding fragment, or an anti-mesothelin antibody or antigen-binding fragment.
[0181] In some embodiments, the compound comprises an antibody or antigen-binding fragment which is an anti-B7-H3 antibody or antigen-binding fragment, an anti-CD30 antibody or antigen-binding fragment, an anti-CD33 antibody or antigen-binding fragment, an anti-CDH17 antibody or antigen-binding fragment, an anti-GPC3 antibody or antigen-binding fragment, an anti-5T4 antibody or antigen-binding fragment, or an anti-CD70 antibody or antigen-binding fragment.
[0182] In some embodiments, the compound comprises an antibody or antigen-binding fragment which is an anti-B7-H3 antibody or antigen-binding fragment.
[0183] In some embodiments, the compound comprises an antibody or antigen-binding fragment which is an anti-CDH17 antibody or antigen-binding fragment.
[0184] In some embodiments, the compound comprises an antibody or antigen-binding fragment which is an anti-GPC3 antibody or antigen-binding fragment.
[0185] In some embodiments, the compound comprises an antibody or antigen-binding fragment which is an anti-5T4 antibody or antigen-binding fragment.
[0186] The terms “antibody” or “antigen-binding fragment” as used herein refer to an immunoglobulin and is a molecule containing an antigen-binding site immunospecifically binding to an antigen. The class of the antibody or antigen-binding fragment may be any of IgG, IgE, IgM, IgD, IgA, and IgY and is preferably IgG. The subclass of the antibody or antigen-binding fragment may be any of IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA1, and IgA2 and is preferably IgG1 or IgG2. The antibody or antigen-binding fragment may be derived from any species, including humans, rats, mice, or rabbits. In cases where the antibody or antigen-binding fragment is derived from a species other than human, it may be chimerized or humanized using well known techniques. The antibody or antigen-binding fragment may be a polyclonal antibody or a monoclonal antibody. In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment is a monoclonal antibody.
[0187] The antibody or antigen-binding fragment may be capable of targeting tumor cells. Since the antibody or antigen-binding fragment is conjugated with a drug or payload having antitumor activity via a linker, the antibody can possess one or more of a property of recognizing a tumor cell, a property of binding to a tumor cell, a property of internalizing in a tumor cell, or a property of damaging a tumor cell.
[0188] The binding activity of the antibody or antigen-binding fragment against tumor cells can be confirmed using flow cytometry. The internalization of the antibody or antigen-binding fragment into tumor cells can be confirmed using (1) an assay of visualizing an antibody or antigen-binding fragment incorporated in cells under a fluorescence microscope using a secondary antibody (fluorescently labeled) binding to the therapeutic antibody (Cell Death and Differentiation (2008) 15, 751-761) , (2) an assay of measuring the amount of fluorescence incorporated in cells using a secondary antibody (fluorescently labeled) binding to the antibody or antigen-binding fragment (Molecular Biology of the Cell, Vol. 15, 5268-5282, December 2004) , or (3) a Mab-ZAP assay using an immunotoxin binding to the antibody or antigen-binding fragment wherein the toxin is released upon incorporation into cells to inhibit cell growth (Bio Techniques 28: 162-165, January 2000) .
[0189] For example, the tumor may be selected from tumors associated with expression of the following group: AGS-16, ANGPTL4, ApoE, CD19, CTGF, CXCR5, FGF2, MCPT8, MFI2, MS4A7, NCA, Sema5b, SLITRK6, STC2, TGF, 0772P, 5T4, ACTA2, ADGRE1, AG-7, AIF1, AKR1C1, AKR1C2, ASLG659, Axl, 5T4, B7H3, BAFF-R, BCMA, BMPR1B, BNIP3, C1QA, C1QB, CA6, CADM1, CCD79b, CCL5, CCR5, CCR7, CD1lc, CD123, CD138, CD142, CD147, CD166, CD19, CD19, CD22, CD21, CD20, CD205, CD22, CD223, CD228, CD25, CD30, CD33, CD37, CD38, CD40, CD45, CD45 (PTPRC) , CD46, CD47, CD49D (ITGA4) , CD56, CD66e, CD70, CD71, CD72, CD74, CD79a, CD79b, CD80, CDCP1, CDH11, CD11b, CEA, CEACAM5, c-Met, COL6A3, COL7A1, CRIPTO, CSF1R, CTSD, CTSS, CXCL11, CXCL10, DDIT4, DLL3, DLL4, DR5, E16, EFNA4, EGFR, EGFRvIII, EGLN, EGLN3, EMR2, ENPP3, EpCAM, EphA2, EphB2R, ETBR, FcRH2, FcRH1, FGFR2, FGFR3, FLT3, FOLR -α, GD2, GEDA, GPC-1, GPNMB, GPR20, GZMB, HER2, HER3, HLA-DOB, HMOX1, IFI6, IFNG, IGF-1R, IGFBP3, IL10RA1, IL-13R, IL-2, IL20Ra, IL -3, IL-4, IL-6, IRTA2, KISS1R, KRT33A, LIV-1, LOX, LRP-1, LRRC15, LUM, LY64, LY6E, Ly86, LYPD3, MDP, MMP10, MMP14, MMP16, MPF, MSG783, MSLN, MUC-1, NaPi2b, Napi3b, Nectin-4, Nectin-4, NOG, P2X5, pCAD, P-Cadherin, PDGFRA, PDK1, PD-L1, PFKFB3, PGF, PGK1, PIK3AP1, PIK3CD, PLOD2, PSCA, PSCAhlg, PSMA, PSMA, PTK7, P-Cadherin, RNF43, NaPi2b, ROR1, ROR2, SERPINE1, SLC39A6, SLTRK6, STAT1, STEAP1, STEAP2, TCF4, TENB2, TGFB1, TGFB2, TGFBR1, TNFRSF21, TNFSF9, Trop-2, TrpM4, Tyro7, UPK1B, VEGFA, WNT5A, epidermal growth factor, glycan, mesothelin, sodium phosphate cotransporter 2B, occludin 18.2, endothelin receptor, mucin (eg mucin 1 and mucin 16) , guanylate cyclase C, integrin a4p7, integrin a5p6, trophoblast glycoprotein and tissue factor. Dosing
[0190] The specific dose level of a compound of the present application for any particular subject will depend upon a variety of factors including the activity of the specific compound employed, the age, body weight, general health, sex, diet, time of administration, route of administration, and rate of excretion, drug combination and the severity of the particular disease in the subject undergoing therapy. For example, a dosage may be expressed as a number of milligrams of a compound described herein per kilogram of the subject’s body weight (mg / kg) . Dosages of between about 0.1 and 150 mg / kg may be appropriate. In some embodiments, about 0.1 and 100 mg / kg may be appropriate. General Synthesis
[0191] The compounds may be prepared using the methods disclosed herein and routine modifications thereof, which will be apparent given the disclosure herein and methods well known in the art. Conventional and well-known synthetic methods may be used in addition to the teachings herein. The synthesis of typical compounds described herein may be accomplished as described in the following examples. If available, reagents and starting materials may be purchased commercially, e.g., from Sigma Aldrich or other chemical suppliers.
[0192] It will be appreciated that where typical or preferred process conditions (i.e., reaction temperatures, times, mole ratios of reactants, solvents, pressures, etc. ) are given, other process conditions can also be used unless otherwise stated. Optimum reaction conditions may vary with the particular reactants or solvent used, but such conditions can be determined by one skilled in the art by routine optimization procedures.
[0193] Additionally, conventional protecting groups may be necessary to prevent certain functional groups from undergoing undesired reactions. Suitable protecting groups for various functional groups as well as suitable conditions for protecting and deprotecting particular functional groups are well known in the art. For example, numerous protecting groups are described in Wuts, P.G.M., Greene, T.W., &Greene, T.W. (2006) . Greene’s protective groups in organic synthesis. Hoboken, N.J., Wiley-Interscience, and references cited therein.
[0194] Furthermore, the compounds of this disclosure may contain one or more chiral centers. Accordingly, if desired, such compounds can be prepared or isolated as pure stereoisomers, i.e., as individual enantiomers or diastereomers or as stereoisomer-enriched mixtures. All such stereoisomers (and enriched mixtures) are included within the scope of this disclosure, unless otherwise indicated. Pure stereoisomers (or enriched mixtures) may be prepared using, for example, optically active starting materials or stereoselective reagents well-known in the art. Alternatively, racemic mixtures of such compounds can be separated using, for example, chiral column chromatography, chiral resolving agents, and the like.
[0195] Appropriate starting materials and reagents can be purchased or prepared by methods known to one of skill in the art. Upon each reaction completion, each of the intermediate or final compounds can be recovered, and optionally purified, by conventional techniques such as neutralization, extraction, precipitation, chromatography, filtration and the like. EXAMPLES
[0196] The following examples are included to demonstrate specific embodiments of the disclosure. It should be appreciated by those of skill in the art that the techniques disclosed in the examples which follow represent techniques to function well in the practice of the disclosure, and thus can be considered to constitute specific modes for its practice. However, those of skill in the art should, in light of the present disclosure, appreciate that many changes can be made in the specific embodiments which are disclosed and still obtain a like or similar result without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. Example 1. Construction of linker-payloads
[0197] This example describes the design and synthesis of the linker-payload. The structures of the linkers are shown in Table 1A, and the structures of the linker-payloads are shown in Table 1B and FIGS. 1A-1G. Table 1A. Summary of structure of linkers Table 1B. Summary of structure of linker-payloads 1.1. Construction of linker-payload L1P1 Synthesis of tert-butyl (2- (2- ( ( (benzyloxy) carbonyl) amino) acetamido) -5- (hydroxymethyl) benzyl) (methyl) carbamate (L1P1-3)
[0198] To a solution of sodium hydride (1.1 g, 28.05 mmol) in N, N-dimethylformamide (20 mL) was added tert-butyl (2-amino-5- (hydroxymethyl) benzyl) (methyl) carbamate (L1P1-1) (1.5 g, 5.61 mmol) under nitrogen protection at 0℃. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0℃ for 1 hour. To a solution of N-benzyloxycarbonyl-glycine (L1P1-2) (3.52 g, 16.83 mmol) in N, N-dimethylformamide (20 mL) was added N, N, N’ , N’-tetramethyl-O- (7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl) urea (6.61 g, 17.39 mmol) and N, N-diisopropylethylamine (3.63 g, 16.83 mmol) . This reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. Subsequently, the reaction mixture was added to previous mixture slowly at 0℃, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 15 hours. The reaction mixture was monitored by LCMS. Upon completion, the reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (200 mL) , washed with water (50 mL x 2) and saturated brine (50 mL) . The organic phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuum to give the crude product. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (dichloromethane: methanol = 10: 1) to afford L1P1-3 (1.21 g, yield: 76.6%) . LC-MS: [M+Na] +: 480.2. Synthesis of tert-butyl (2- (2-aminoacetamido) -5- (hydroxymethyl) benzyl) (methyl) carbamate (L1P1-4)
[0199] A solution of L1P1-3 (630 mg, 1.37 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL) was added to 10%Pd / C (100 mg) . The mixture was stirred under a hydrogen atmosphere at room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was monitored by LCMS. Upon completion, the reaction mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuum to afford L1P1-4 (250 mg, yield: 56.2%) . LC-MS: [M+H] +: 324.2. Synthesis of tert-butyl (S) - (2- (5-benzyl-18- (2, 5-dioxo-2, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl) -4, 7, 10, 13-tetraoxo-3, 6, 9, 12-tetraazaoctadecanamido) -5- (hydroxymethyl) benzyl) (methyl) carbamate (L1P1-6)
[0200] To a solution of L1P1-4 (250 mg, 0.77 mmol) in dichloromethane (5 mL) and methanol (5 mL) was added (6- (2, 5-dioxo-2, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl) hexanoyl) glycylglycyl-L-phenylalanine (L1P1-5) (364 mg, 0.77 mmol) and 2-ethoxy-1-ethoxycarbonyl-1, 2-dihydroquinoline (EEDQ) (381 mg, 1.54 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was monitored by LCMS. Upon completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuum to obtain a crude product. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (dichloromethane: methanol = 10: 1) to afford L1P1-6 (380 mg, yield: 63.2%) . LC-MS: [M+H] +: 778.3. Synthesis of tert-butyl (S) - (2- (5-benzyl-18- (2, 5-dioxo-2, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl) -4, 7, 10, 13-tetraoxo-3, 6, 9, 12-tetraazaoctadecanamido) -5- ( ( ( (4-nitrophenoxy) carbonyl) oxy) methyl) benzyl) (methyl) carbamate (L1P1-8)
[0201] To a solution of L1P1-6 (200 mg, 0.26 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL) was added p-nitrophenyl chloroformate (L1P1-7) (78 mg, 0.39 mmol) and pyridine (61 mg, 0.77 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen protection for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was monitored by LCMS. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuum to obtain L1P1-8 (320 mg, crude) which was used directly in next step. LC-MS: [M+H] +: 943.2 Synthesis of tert-butyl (2- ( (S) -5-benzyl-18- (2, 5-dioxo-2, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl) -4, 7, 10, 13-tetraoxo-3, 6, 9, 12-tetraazaoctadecanamido) -5- ( ( ( ( (1S, 9S) -9-ethyl-5-fluoro-9-hydroxy-4-methyl-10, 13-dioxo-2, 3, 9, 10, 13, 15-hexahydro-1H, 12H-benzo [de] pyrano [3’ , 4’: 6, 7] indolizino [1, 2-b] quinolin-1-yl) carbamoyl) oxy) methyl) benzyl) (methyl) carbamate (L1P1-10)
[0202] To a solution of crude L1P1-8 (320 mg) in N, N-dimethylformamide (10 mL) was added Exatecan mesylate (L1P1-9) (221 mg, 0.42 mmol) , 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBT) (92 mg, 0.68 mmol) , and N-methylmorpholine (171 mg, 1.70 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction was monitored by LCMS. Upon completion, the reaction mixture was diluted with water and filtered. The crude was purified by column chromatography (dichloromethane: methanol = 10: 1) to obtain L1P1-10 (100 mg, overall yield for two steps: 31.4%) . LC-MS: [M+H] +: 1239.3. Synthesis of 4- ( (S) -5-benzyl-18- (2, 5-dioxo-2, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl) -4, 7, 10, 13-tetraoxo- 3, 6, 9, 12-tetraazaoctadecanamido) -3- ( (methylamino) methyl) benzyl ( (1S, 9S) -9-ethyl-5-fluoro-9-hydroxy-4-methyl-10, 13-dioxo-2, 3, 9, 10, 13, 15-hexahydro-1H, 12H-benzo [de] pyrano [3', 4': 6, 7] indolizino [1, 2-b] quinolin-1-yl) carbamate (L1P1-11)
[0203] In a solution of L1P1-10 (100 mg, 0.081 mmol) in dichloromethane (5 mL) was added trifluoroacetic acid (1 mL) . The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was monitored by LCMS. Upon completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to yield L1P1-11 (80 mg, yield: 87.1%) which was used directly in next step. LC-MS: [M+H] +: 1139.3 Synthesis of 4- ( (S) -5-benzyl-18- (2, 5-dioxo-2, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl) -4, 7, 10, 13-tetraoxo- 3, 6, 9, 12-tetraazaoctadecanamido) -3- (2-methyl-3-oxo-5, 8, 11, 14, 17, 20, 23, 26-octaoxa-2-azaheptacosyl) benzyl ( (1S, 9S) -9-ethyl-5-fluoro-9-hydroxy-4-methyl-10, 13-dioxo-2, 3, 9, 10, 13, 15-hexahydro-1H, 12H-benzo [de] pyrano [3’ , 4’ : 6, 7] indolizino [1, 2-b] quinolin-1-yl) carbamate (L1P1)
[0204] To a solution of L1P1-11 (40 mg, 0.035 mmol) in N, N-dimethylformamide (2 mL) was added 2, 5, 8, 11, 14, 17, 20, 23-octaoxatetracosanoic acid (L1P1-12) (21 mg, 0.053 mmol) , N, N, N’ , N’-tetramethyl-O- (7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl) uranium HATU (24 mg, 0.063 mmol) and N-methylmorpholine (18 mg, 0.18 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was monitored by LCMS. Upon completion, the reaction mixture was directly purified by reverse-phase column chromatography (acetonitrile-water with 0.1%formic acid, 20%-40%) to afford L1P1 (10.3 mg, yield: 19.3%) . LC-MS: [M+H] +: 1519.5. HPLC: 97.7%. 1H NMR (400 MHz, MeOD-d4) δ ppm 7.69-7.66 (m, 1H) , 7.50-7.48 (m, 2H) , 7.44-7.39 (m, 2H) , 7.24-7.14 (m, 5H) , 6.73 (s, 2H) , 5.53-5.49 (m, 1H) , 5.35-5.08 (m, 5H) , 4.99-4.88 (m, 1H) , 4.77-4.74 (m, 1H) , 4.58-4.42 (m, 2H) , 4.35-4.14 (m, 3H) , 3.89-3.73 (m, 5H) , 3.56-3.38 (m, 30H) , 3.32-3.30 (m, 6H) , 3.23-3.18 (m, 1H) , 3.08-2.89 (m, 5H) , 2.31-2.20 (m, 4H) , 2.18-2.10 (m, 3H) , 1.95-1.89 (m, 2H) , 1.57-1.45 (m, 4H) , 1.23-1.18 (m, 2H) , 0.97 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H) . 1.2. Construction of linker-payload L2P1 Synthesis of 2- ( ( (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) methyl) -5-nitrobenzoic acid (L2P1-2)
[0205] To a solution of 6-nitroisobenzofuran-1 (3H) -one (L2P1-1) (16 g, 0.089 mol) in tetrahydrofuran (200 mL) was added potassium hydroxide (7.52 g, 0.134 mol) in aqueous solution (50 mL) at 0℃. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. The pH was adjusted to 5 with 2N hydrochloric acid, and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (200 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with saturated ammonium chloride solution, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated in vacuum to obtain the crude product. The crude product was dissolved in DMF (100 mL) , and tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride (20.19 g, 0.134 mol) and N, N-diisopropylethylamine (34.62 g, 0.268 mol) were added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. After monitoring the reaction completion by LCMS, the mixture was diluted with water (300 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (200 mL x 3) . The organic layers were washed with saturated ammonium chloride solution. The product was purified by column chromatography (petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 3: 1) to afford L2P1-2 (4 g, yield: 11.53%) . LC-MS: [M-H] -: 310.1. Synthesis of (2- ( ( (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) methyl) -5-nitrophenyl) methanol (L2P1-3)
[0206] To a solution of L2P1-2 (3.3 g, 10.6 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (35 mL) was added borane (1M, 21.2 mL, 21.2 mmol) in THF. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. After monitoring the reaction completion by LCMS, the reaction mixture was quenched with methanol. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to yield a crude product. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 1: 1) to afford L2P1-3 (1.8 g, yield: 50.94%) . LC-MS: [M+H] +: 298.1. Synthesis of 2- ( ( (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) methyl) -5-nitrobenzyl 4- methylbenzenesulfonate (L2P1-4)
[0207] To a solution of L2P1-3 (1.8 g, 6 mmol) in dichloromethane (40 mL) was added N, N-diisopropylethylamine (1.56 g, 12 mmol) , 4-dimethylaminopyridine (0.15 g, 1.2 mmol) , and p-toluenesulfonyl chloride (1.73 g, 9 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. After monitoring the reaction by LCMS and confirming completion, the reaction mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (200 mL) and washed with saturated ammonium chloride (4 x 50 mL) . The organic phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure to give L2P1-4 (1.8 g, yield 65.31%) which was directly used for the next step. LC-MS: [M+H] +: 452.1. Synthesis of 1- (2- ( ( (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) methyl) -5-nitrophenyl) -N- methylmethanamine (L2P1-5)
[0208] To a methanol solution (20 mL) of L2P1-4 (1.8 g, 5.7 mmol) , methylamine in MeOH (2M, 10 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred at 25℃ for 1 hour. The reaction was monitored by LCMS. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and diluted with water (50 mL) . The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated under vacuum to obtain a crude product. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 5: 2) to give L2P1-5 (0.85 g, yield 43.86%) . LC-MS: [M+H] +: 311.2. Synthesis of tert-butyl (2- ( ( (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) methyl) -5- nitrobenzyl) (methyl) carbamate (L2P1-6)
[0209] To a solution of L2P1-5 (850 mg, 2.74 mmol) in dichloromethane (10 mL) were added N, N-diisopropylethylamine (707 mg, 5.47 mmol) and di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (657 mg, 3.0 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. The reaction was monitored by LCMS. After completion, the reaction mixture was diluted with water (50 mL) and extracted with dichloromethane (30 mL *3) . The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuum to give the crude product. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 7: 3) to afford L2P1-6 (800 mg, yield: 70.99%) . LC-MS: [M+Na] +: 433.2. Synthesis of tert-butyl (2- (hydroxymethyl) -5-nitrobenzyl) (methyl) carbamate (L2P1-7)
[0210] To a solution of L2P1-6 (700 mg, 1.70 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL) was added 1M tetrabutylammonium fluoride (THF solution) (3.4 mL, 3.40 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 25℃ for 2 hours. The reaction was monitored by LCMS. After completion, water (50 mL) was added for dilution. The mixture was then extracted with dichloromethane (3 x 50 mL) . The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuum to obtain the crude product. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (petroleum ether: ethyl acetate=1: 1) to afford L2P1-7 (500 mg, yield: 98.8%) . LC-MS: [M+Na] +: 319.1. Synthesis of tert-butyl (5-amino-2- (hydroxymethyl) benzyl) (methyl) carbamate (L2P1-8)
[0211] To a solution of L2P1-7 (500 mg, 1.68 mmol) in ethanol (10 mL) was added iron powder (469.61 mg, 8.41 mmol) and ammonium chloride (449.77 mg, 8.41 mmol) in water (2 mL) . The reaction mixture was stirred 70℃ for 3 hours under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was monitored by LC-MS. After completion, the mixture was filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain a crude product. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 1: 1) to obtain L2P1-8 (400 mg, 80.07%yield) . LC-MS: [M+Na] +: 289.1. Synthesis of tert-butyl (5- (2- ( ( ( (9H-fluoren-9-yl) methoxy) carbonyl) amino) acetamido) -2- (hydroxymethyl) benzyl) (methyl) carbamate (L2P1-10)
[0212] To a solution of L2P1-8 (400 mg, 1.49 mmol) in dichloromethane (12 mL) was added ( ( (9H-fluoren-9-yl) methoxy) carbonyl) glycine (L2P1-9) (446 mg, 1.49 mmol) and 2-ethoxy-1-ethoxycarbonyl-1, 2-dihydroquinoline (555 mg, 2.25 mmol) sequentially. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. The reaction was monitored by LCMS. Upon completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuum to afford crude product. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 1: 1) to afford L2P1-10 (480 mg, yield: 58.58%) . LC-MS: [M+Na] +: 568.1. Synthesis of tert-butyl (5- (2-aminoacetamido) -2- (hydroxymethyl) benzyl) (methyl) carbamate (L2P1-11)
[0213] To a solution of L2P1-10 (400 mg, 0.73 mmol) in N, N-dimethylformamide (10 mL) was added piperidine (186 mg, 2.19 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 70℃ for 4 hours. The reaction was monitored by LCMS, and upon completion, the solvent was removed under vacuum to obtain the crude product. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (dichloromethane: methanol = 5: 1) to yield L21P-11 (200 mg, yield: 84.41%) . LC-MS: [M+Na] +: 346.1. Synthesis of tert-butyl (S) - (5- (5-benzyl-18- (2, 5-dioxo-2, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl) -4, 7, 10, 13-tetraoxo-3, 6, 9, 12-tetraazaoctadecanamido) -2- (hydroxymethyl) benzyl) (methyl) carbamate (L2P1-12)
[0214] To a solution of L2P1-11 (200 mg, 0.61 mmol) in dichloromethane (10 mL) and methanol (5 mL) was added L1P1-5 (291 mg, 0.61 mmol) and 2-ethoxy-1-ethoxycarbonyl-1, 2-dihydroquinoline (228 mg, 0.92 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction was monitored by LCMS. Upon completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated under vacuum to afford the crude product. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 1: 2) to yield L2P1-12 (310 mg, yield: 64.56%) . LC-MS: [M+Na] +: 800.2. Synthesis of tert-butyl (S) - (5- (5-benzyl-18- (2, 5-dioxo-2, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl) -4, 7, 10, 13-tetraoxo-3, 6, 9, 12-tetraazaoctadecanamido) -2- ( ( ( (4-nitrophenoxy) carbonyl) oxy) methyl) benzyl) (methyl) carbamate (L2P1-13)
[0215] To a solution of L2P1-12 (310 mg, 0.4 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (15 mL) was added pyridine (63 mg, 0.8 mmol) . Subsequently, L1P1-7 (120 mg, 0.6 mmol) was added at 0℃. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was monitored by LCMS. After completion, the mixture was concentrated under vacuum to afford the crude product. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 2: 1) to obtain L2P1-13 (330 mg, yield: 87.84%) . LC-MS: [M+Na] +: 965.2. Synthesis of tert-butyl (5- ( (S) -5-benzyl-18- (2, 5-dioxo-2, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl) -4, 7, 10, 13- tetraoxo-3, 6, 9, 12-tetraazaoctadecanamido) -2- ( ( ( ( (1S, 9S) -9-ethyl-5-fluoro-9-hydroxy-4-methyl-10, 13-dioxo-2, 3, 9, 10, 13, 15-hexahydro-1H, 12H-benzo [de] pyrano [3', 4': 6, 7] indolizino [1, 2-b] quinolin-1-yl) carbamoyl) oxy) methyl) benzyl) (methyl) carbamate (L2P1-14)
[0216] To a solution of L2P1-13 (330 mg, 0.35 mmol) in N, N-dimethylformamide (10 mL) was added with 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (95 mg, 0.7 mmol) , N-methylmorpholine (177 mg, 1.75 mmol) , and Exatecan mesylate (152 mg, 0.35 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was monitored by LCMS. After completion, the mixture was slowly added into water (40 mL) . The resulting precipitate was filtered and dried to give L2P1-14 (300 mg, yield: 69.19%) . LC-MS: [M+H] +: 1239.3 Synthesis of 4- ( (S) -5-benzyl-18- (2, 5-dioxo-2, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl) -4, 7, 10, 13-tetraoxo- 3, 6, 9, 12-tetraazaoctadecanamido) -2- ( (methylamino) methyl) benzyl ( (1S, 9S) -9-ethyl-5-fluoro-9-hydroxy-4-methyl-10, 13-dioxo-2, 3, 9, 10, 13, 15-hexahydro-1H, 12H-benzo [de] pyrano [3', 4': 6, 7] indolizino [1, 2-b] quinolin-1-yl) carbamate (L2P1-15)
[0217] To a solution of L2P1-14 (33 mg, 0.027 mmol) in dichloromethane (3 mL) was added trifluoroacetic acid (0.3 mL) . The mixture was stirred at 25℃ for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was monitored by LCMS. After completion, the mixture was concentrated in vacuum to afford L2P1-15 (27 mg, yield 89.10%) . LC-MS: [M+H] +: 1139.3. Synthesis of 4- ( (S) -5-benzyl-18- (2, 5-dioxo-2, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl) -4, 7, 10, 13-tetraoxo- 3, 6, 9, 12-tetraazaoctadecanamido) -2- (2-methyl-3-oxo-5, 8, 11, 14, 17, 20-hexaoxa-2-azahenicosyl) benzyl ( (1S, 9S) -9-ethyl-5-fluoro-9-hydroxy-4-methyl-10, 13-dioxo-2, 3, 9, 10, 13, 15-hexahydro-1H, 12H-benzo [de] pyrano [3', 4': 6, 7] indolizino [1, 2-b] quinolin-1-yl) carbamate (L2P1)
[0218] To a mixture of L2P1-15 (47 mg, 0.04 mmol) , benzotriazol-1-yloxytris (dimethylamino) phosphonium hexafluorophosphate (HBTU, 22.6 mg, 0.06 mmol) , and N, N-diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA, 15.3 mg, 0.12 mmol) in N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF, 2 mL) was added 2, 5, 8, 11, 14, 17-hexaoxaoctadecane-19-oic acid (L2P1-16) (18.5 mg, 0.06 mmol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 25℃ for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was monitored by LCMS. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuum to give the crude product. The crude product was purified by prepared-HPLC (acetonitrile-water, 0.1%trifluoroacetic acid, 55%-80%) to give L2P1 (13.4 mg, yield: 22.73%) . LC-MS: [M+H] +: 1431.3. HPLC: 95.09%. 1H NMR (400 MHz, MeOD-d4) δ ppm 7.72 -7.62 (m, 1H) , 7.48-7.35 (m, 4H) , 7.27 -7.17 (m, 5H) , 6.75-6.73 (m, 2H) , 5.53-5.48 (m, 1H) , 5.33-5.14 (m, 5H) , 4.62-4.52 (m, 20H) , 4.39-4.35 (m, 1H) , 3.95-3.87 (m, 2H) , 3.85-3.75 (m, 2H) , 3.68-3.66 (m, 1H) , 3.64-3.62 (m, 1H) , 3.56-3.55 (m, 5H) , 3.49-3.43 (m, 4H) , 3.39-3.33 (m, 2H) , 3.23-3.19 (m, 2H) , 3.03-2.99 (m, 1H) , 2.95-2.89 (m, 3H) , 2.28 (s, 3H) , 2.17-2.09 (m, 3H) , 1.94-1.89 (m, 2H) , 1.54-1.39 (m, 4H) , 1.24-1.13 (m, 3H) , 0.97-0.94 (m, 3H) . 1.3. Construction of linker-payload L3P1 Synthesis of (2S, 3R, 4S, 5S, 6S) -2- (2- ( (S) -12-benzyl-2, 2-dimethyl-4, 7, 10, 13-tetraoxo-3-oxa-5, 8, 11, 14-tetraazahexadecan-16-amido) -4- (hydroxymethyl) phenoxy) -6- (methoxy carbonyl ) tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3, 4, 5-triyl triacetate (L3P1-3)
[0219] To a solution of (tert-butoxycarbonyl) glycylglycyl-L-phenylalanylglycine (L3P1-1) (500 mg, 1.14 mmol) in dichloromethane (20 mL) were added (2S, 3R, 4S, 5S, 6S) -2- (2-amino-4-(hydroxymethyl) phenoxy) -6- (methoxycarbonyl) tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3, 4, 5-triyl triacetate (L3P1-2) (624.59 mg, 1.37 mmol) and ethyl 2-ethoxy-3, 4-dihydroquinoline-1 (2H) -carboxylate (EEDQ) (846.89 mg, 3.43 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was monitored by LCMS. Upon completion, the mixture was concentrated in vacuum to afford crude product. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (dichloromethane: methanol = 10: 1) to afford L3P1-3 (900 mg, yield: 89.91%) . LC-MS: [M+H] +: 874.3. Synthesis of (2S, 3R, 4S, 5S, 6S) -2- (2- ( (S) -12-benzyl-2, 2-dimethyl-4, 7, 10, 13-tetraoxo-3-oxa-5, 8, 11, 14-tetraazahexadecan-16-amido) -4- ( ( ( (4-nitrophenoxy) carbonyl) oxy) methyl) phenoxy) -6- (methoxycarbonyl) tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3, 4, 5-triyl triacetate (L3P1-4)
[0220] To a solution of L3P1-3 (900 mg, 1.03 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (20 mL) was added pyridine (244.11 mg, 3.09 mmol) , then added 4-nitrophenyl chloroformate (622.05 mg, 3.09 mmol) at 0 ℃. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was monitored by LCMS. Upon completion, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo to obtain the crude product. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (dichloromethane: anhydrous methanol = 10: 1) to yield L3P1-4 (900 mg, yield 84.11%) . LC-MS: [M+Na] +: 1061.5. Synthesis of (2S, 3R, 4S, 5S, 6S) -2- (2- ( (S) -12-benzyl-2, 2-dimethyl-4, 7, 10, 13-tetraoxo-3-oxa- 5, 8, 11, 14-tetraazahexadecan-16-amido) -4- ( ( ( ( (1S, 9S) -9-ethyl-5-fluoro-9-hydroxy-4-methyl-10, 13-dioxo-2, 3, 9, 10, 13, 15-hexahydro-1H, 12H-benzo [de] pyrano [3', 4': 6, 7] indolizino [1, 2-b] quinolin-1-yl) carbamoyl) oxy) methyl) phenoxy) -6- (methoxycarbonyl) tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3, 4, 5-triyl triacetate (L3P1-5)
[0221] To a solution of (2S, 3R, 4S, 5S, 6S) -2- (2- ( (S) -12-benzyl-2, 2-dimethyl-4, 7, 10, 13-tetraoxo-3-oxa-5, 8, 11, 14-tetraazahexadecan-16-amido) -4- ( ( ( (4-nitrophenoxy) carbonyl) oxy) methyl) phenoxy) -6-(methoxycarbonyl) tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3, 4, 5-triyl triacetate L3P1-4 (200 mg, 0.19 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) was added HOBT (51.97 mg, 0.38 mmol) , N-methylmorpholine (97.26 mg, 0.96 mmol) , and Exatecan mesylate (108.86 mg, 0.25 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was monitored by LCMS. After completion, the mixture was concentrated in vacuum to yield a crude product. The crude product was purified by reverse-phase chromatography column (water: acetonitrile = 30%-50%) to obtain L3P1-5 (220 mg, yield: 85.59%) . LC-MS: [M+H] +: 1335.3. Synthesis of (2S, 3S, 4S, 5R, 6S) -6- (2- ( (S) -12-benzyl-2, 2-dimethyl-4, 7, 10, 13-tetraoxo-3-oxa- 5, 8, 11, 14-tetraazahexadecan-16-amido) -4- ( ( ( ( (1S, 9S) -9-ethyl-5-fluoro-9-hydroxy-4-methyl-10, 13-dioxo-2, 3, 9, 10, 13, 15-hexahydro-1H, 12H-benzo [de] pyrano [3', 4': 6, 7] indolizino [1, 2-b] quinolin-1-yl) carbamoyl) oxy) methyl) phenoxy) -3, 4, 5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid (L3P1-6)
[0222] To a solution of L3P1-5 (220 mg, 0.16 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL) at 0℃ was added a solution of lithium hydroxide (0.1N) (13 mL, 1.31 mmol) in water. The mixture was stirred at 0℃ for 2 hours. The reaction was monitored by LCMS. After completion, the water (10 mL) was added to dilute the mixture, and the pH was adjusted to 5 with 0.1N hydrochloric acid. The mixture was extracted with dichloromethane (10 mL x 2) . The organic phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuum to give the crude product L3P1-6 (100 mg, yield 55.86%) which was used directly in next step without purification. LC-MS: [M+H] +: 1195.3. Synthesis of (2S, 3S, 4S, 5R, 6S) -6- (2- (2- ( (S) -2- (2- (2-aminoacetamido) acetamido) -3- phenylpropanamido) acetamido) -4- ( ( ( ( (1S, 9S) -9-ethyl-5-fluoro-9-hydroxy-4-methyl-10, 13-dioxo-2, 3, 9, 10, 13, 15-hexahydro-1H, 12H-benzo [de] pyrano [3', 4': 6, 7] indolizino [1, 2-b] quinolin-1-yl) carbamoyl) oxy) methyl) phenoxy) -3, 4, 5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid (L3P1-7)
[0223] To solution of L3P1-6 (100 mg, 0.084 mmol) in water (5 mL) was added 0.3N hydrochloric acid solution (2 mL) . The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction was monitored by LCMS, and upon completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuum to afford the crude product. The crude product was purified by reverse-phase chromatography to obtain L3P1-7 (30 mg, yield 32.74%) . LC-MS: [M+H] +: 1095.6. Synthesis of (2S, 3S, 4S, 5R, 6S) -6- (2- ( (S) -5-benzyl-18- (2, 5-dioxo-2, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl) - 4, 7, 10, 13-tetraoxo-3, 6, 9, 12-tetraazaoctadecanamido) -4- ( ( ( ( (1S, 9S) -9-ethyl-5-fluoro-9-hydroxy-4-methyl-10, 13-dioxo-2, 3, 9, 10, 13, 15-hexahydro-1H, 12H-benzo [de] pyrano [3', 4': 6, 7] indolizino [1, 2-b] quinolin-1-yl) carbamoyl) oxy) methyl) phenoxy) -3, 4, 5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid (L3P1)
[0224] To a solution of L3P1-7 (30 mg, 0.027 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was added with 2, 5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl 6- (2, 5-dioxo-2, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl) hexanoate (L3P1-8) (10.14 mg, 0.033 mmol) and N, N-diisopropylethylamine (6.97 mg, 0.054 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction was monitored by LCMS, and upon completion, the mixture was concentrated under vacuum to obtain a crude product. The crude product was purified by prepared-HPLC (acetonitrile-water 0.1%trifluoroacetic acid 45%-90%) to afford (2S, 3S, 4S, 5R, 6S) -6- (2- ( (S) -5-benzyl-18- (2,5-dioxo-2, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl) -4, 7, 10, 13-tetraoxo-3, 6, 9, 12-tetraazaoctadecanamido) -4- ( ( ( ( (1S, 9S) -9-ethyl-5-fluoro-9-hydroxy-4-methyl-10, 13-dioxo-2, 3, 9, 10, 13, 15-hexahydro-1H, 12H-benzo [de] pyrano [3', 4': 6, 7] indolizino [1, 2-b] quinolin-1-yl) carbamoyl) oxy) methyl) phenoxy) -3, 4, 5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid L3P1 (3 mg, yield: 8.50%) . LC-MS: [M+H] +: 1288.2. HPLC: 95.8%. 1H NMR (400 MHz, MeOD-d4) δ ppm 8.06 (s, 1H) , 7.55 -7.45 (m, 2H) , 7.16 -6.96 (m, 6H) , 6.64 (s, 2H) , 5.49 (d, J = 16.0 Hz, 1H) , 5.31 (d, J = 16.0 Hz, 1H) , 5.24-5.23 (m, 1H) , 5.13 (d, J = 14.4 Hz, 2H) , 5.00 (d, J = 12.8 Hz, 1H) , 3.92 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H) , 3.82 (s, 1H) , 3.72 (s, 2H) , 3.58 -3.50 (m, 2H) , 3.47 -3.42 (m, 1H) , 3.34 -3.30 (m, 1H) , 3.15-3.02 (m, 4H) , 2.90 -2.84 (m, 1H) , 2.31 (s, 3H) , 2.20-2.07 (m, 4H) , 1.94 (s, 1H) , 1.85 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H) , 1.70-1.68 (m, 1H) , 1.62-1.59 (m, 1H) , 1.51-1.46 (m, 2H) , 1.45 -1.37 (m, 2H) , 1.29 -1.23 (m, 4H) , 1.16-1.10 (m, 2H) , 0.93-0.78 (m, 3H) . 1.4. Construction of linker-payload L4P1 Synthesis of (2S, 3R, 4S, 5S, 6S) -2- (5-formyl-2-nitrophenoxy) -6- (methoxycarbonyl) tetrahydro- 2H-pyran-3, 4, 5-triyl triacetate (L4P1-3)
[0225] To a solution of 3-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzaldehyde (L4P1-1) (500 mg, 2.99 mmol) in acetonitrile (100 mL) , (2R, 3R, 4S, 5S, 6S) -2-bromo-6- (methoxycarbonyl) tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3, 4, 5-triyl triacetate (L4P1-2) (2020.11 mg, 5.09 mmol) and silver oxide (3120.04 mg, 13.46 mmol) were added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. LCMS monitoring indicated that the reaction was complete. The mixture was then filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under vacuum to afford the crude product. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 1: 2) to give L4P1-3 (1000 mg, yield: 69.15%) . LC-MS: [M+Na] +: 506.0. Synthesis of (2S, 3R, 4S, 5S, 6S) -2- (2-amino-5- (hydroxymethyl) phenoxy) -6- (methoxycarbonyl) tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3, 4, 5-triyl triacetate (L4P1-4)
[0226] To a solution of L4P1-3 (1000 mg, 2.07 mmol) in methanol (20 mL) was added Pd / C (200 mg) . The mixture was charged with hydrogen gas and stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction was monitored by LCMS. Upon completion, the mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuum to obtain (2S, 3R, 4S, 5S, 6S) -2- (2-amino-5- (hydroxymethyl) phenoxy) -6-(methoxycarbonyl) tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3, 4, 5-triyl triacetate L4P1-4 (600 mg, yield: 63.68%) . LC-MS: [M+H] +: 456.0. Synthesis of (2S, 3R, 4S, 5S, 6S) -2- (2- ( (S) -12-benzyl-2, 2-dimethyl-4, 7, 10, 13-tetraoxo-3-oxa- 5, 8, 11, 14-tetraazahexadecan-16-amido) -5- (hydroxymethyl) phenoxy) -6- (methoxycarbonyl) tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3, 4, 5-triyl triacetate (L4P1-5)
[0227] To a solution of L4P1-4 (299.81 mg, 0.66 mmol) in dichloromethane (10 mL) was added L3P1-1 (240 mg, 0.55 mmol) and N-ethoxycarbonyl-2-ethoxy-1, 2-dihydroquinoline (271.33 mg, 1.10 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was monitored by LCMS. After completion, the mixture was concentrated in vacuum to afford the crude product. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (dichloromethane: methanol = 10: 1) to give L4P1-5 (400 mg, yield 83.34%) . LC-MS: [M+Na] +: 896.1. Synthesis of (2S, 3R, 4S, 5S, 6S) -2- (2- ( (S) -12-benzyl-2, 2-dimethyl-4, 7, 10, 13-tetraoxo-3-oxa- 5, 8, 11, 14-tetraazahexadecan-16-amido) -5- ( ( ( ( (2, 5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) oxy) carbonyl) oxy) methyl) phenoxy) -6- (methoxycarbonyl) tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3, 4, 5-triyl triacetate (L4P1-7)
[0228] To a solution of (2S, 3R, 4S, 5S, 6S) -2- (2- ( (S) -12-benzyl-2, 2-dimethyl-4, 7, 10, 13-tetraoxo-3-oxa-5, 8, 11, 14-tetraazahexadecan-16-amido) -5- (hydroxymethyl) phenoxy) -6- (methoxycarbonyl) tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3, 4, 5-triyl triacetate L4P1-5 (400 mg, 0.46 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL) was added to (bis (2, 5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) carbonate) (DSC, L4P1-6) (234.24 mg, 0.91 mmol) and pyridine (108.36 mg, 1.38 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was monitored by LCMS. After completion, the mixture was then concentrated in vacuum to afford L4P1-7 (380 mg, yield: 81.80%) which was used directly in the next step. LC-MS: [M+Na] +: 1037.1. Synthesis of (2S, 3R, 4S, 5S, 6S) -2- (2- ( (S) -12-benzyl-2, 2-dimethyl-4, 7, 10, 13-tetraoxo-3-oxa-5, 8, 11, 14- tetraazahexadecan-16-amido) -5- ( ( ( ( (1S, 9S) -9-ethyl-5-fluoro-9-hydroxy-4-methyl-10, 13-dioxo-2, 3, 9, 10, 13, 15-hexahydro-1H, 12H-benzo [de] pyrano [3', 4': 6, 7] indolizino [1, 2-b] quinolin-1-yl) carbamoyl) oxy) methyl) phenoxy) -6- (methoxycarbonyl) tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3, 4, 5-triyl triacetate (L4P1-8)
[0229] To a solution of L4P1-7 (300 mg, 0.30 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) was added Exatecan mesylate (154.31 mg, 0.35 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was monitored by LCMS. After completion, the mixture was concentrated in vacuum to obtain the crude product. The crude product was purified by prepared-HPLC (acetonitrile-water 0.1%trifluoroacetic acid 45%-90%) to yield L4P1-8 (140 mg, 35.49%) . LC-MS: [M+H] +: 1335.2. Synthesis of (2S, 3S, 4S, 5R, 6S) -6- (2- ( (S) -12-benzyl-2, 2-dimethyl-4, 7, 10, 13-tetraoxo-3-oxa-5, 8, 11, 14- tetraazahexadecan-16-amido) -5- ( ( ( ( (1S, 9S) -9-ethyl-5-fluoro-9-hydroxy-4-methyl-10, 13-dioxo-2, 3, 9, 10, 13, 15-hexahydro-1H, 12H-benzo [de] pyrano [3', 4': 6, 7] indolizino [1, 2-b] quinolin-1-yl) carbamoyl) oxy) methyl) phenoxy) -3, 4, 5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid (L4P1-9)
[0230] To a solution of L4P1-8 (140 mg, 0.10 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL) was added an aqueous solution of lithium hydroxide (0.1N) (3.1 mL, 0.31 mmol) at 0℃. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. LCMS monitoring showed that the reaction was complete. Water (10 mL) was added to dilute the mixture, and the pH was adjusted to 5 with hydrochloric acid (0.3N) . The mixture was extracted with dichloromethane (10 mL x 2) . The organic phase was concentrated in vacuum to obtain the crude product L4P1-9 (100 mg, yield: 79.77%) which was used directly in next step. LC-MS: [M+H] +: 1195.2. Synthesis of (2S, 3S, 4S, 5R, 6S) -6- (2- (2- ( (S) -2- (2- (2-aminoacetamido) acetamido) -3- phenylpropanamido) acetamido) -5- ( ( ( ( (1S, 9S) -9-ethyl-5-fluoro-9-hydroxy-4-methyl-10, 13-dioxo-2, 3, 9, 10, 13, 15-hexahydro-1H, 12H-benzo [de] pyrano [3', 4': 6, 7] indolizino [1, 2-b] quinolin-1-yl) carbamoyl) oxy) methyl) phenoxy) -3, 4, 5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid (L4P1-10)
[0231] To a solution of L4P1-9 (100 mg, 0.084 mmol) in dichloromethane (5 mL) was added trifluoroacetic acid (1 mL) . The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. LCMS monitoring showed that the reaction was complete. The mixture was concentrated in vacuum to yield L4P1-10 (80 mg, yield: 87.44%) . LC-MS: [M+H] +: 1095.2. Synthesis of (2S, 3S, 4S, 5R, 6S) -6- (2- ( (S) -5-benzyl-18- (2, 5-dioxo-2, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl) - 4, 7, 10, 13-tetraoxo-3, 6, 9, 12-tetraazaoctadecanamido) -5- ( ( ( ( (1S, 9S) -9-ethyl-5-fluoro-9-hydroxy-4-methyl-10, 13-dioxo-2, 3, 9, 10, 13, 15-hexahydro-1H, 12H-benzo [de] pyrano [3', 4': 6, 7] indolizino [1, 2-b] quinolin-1-yl) carbamoyl) oxy) methyl) phenoxy) -3, 4, 5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid (L4P1)
[0232] To a solution of L4P1-10 (120 mg, 0.11 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was added L3P1-8 (43.92 mg, 0.33 mmol) and N, N-diisopropylethylamine (42.49 mg, 0.33 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. LCMS monitoring showed that the reaction was complete. The mixture was concentrated in vacuum to obtain the crude product. The crude product was purified by prepared-HPLC (acetonitrile-water with 0.1%trifluoroacetic acid, 45%-90%) to yield L4P1 (16.5 mg, yield: 11.68%) . LC-MS: [M+H] +: 1288.2. HPLC: 93.33%. 1H NMR (400 MHz, MeOD-d4) δ ppm 8.06 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H) , 7.58 -7.51 (m, 2H) , 7.25 -7.12 (m, 6H) , 6.74 (s, 2H) , 5.58-5.56 (m, 1H) , 5.41 -5.09 (m, 6H) , 4.97 (d, J =7.5 Hz, 1H) , 4.67 (dd, J = 8.8, 6.0 Hz, 1H) , 4.08 -3.98 (m, 2H) , 3.92 -3.90 (m, 2H) , 3.84-3.82 (m, 2H) , 3.65 -3.50 (m, 2H) , 3.42 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 2H) , 3.25 -3.09 (m, 3H) , 3.06-3.00 (m, 1H) , 2.37 (s, 3H) , 2.26 -2.20 (m, 3H) , 1.97 -1.92 (m, 3H) , 1.60 -1.49 (m, 4H) , 1.30 -1.22 (m, 3H) , 0.99 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 3H) . 1.5. Construction of linker-payload L5P1 Synthesis of tert-butyl N- (2- (hydroxymethyl) -5-nitrobenzoyl) -N-methylglycinate (L5P1-2)
[0233] To a solution of L2P1-1 (5 g, 27.91 mmol) in 1, 4-dioxane (100 mL) was added methyl glycinate tert-butyl ester (L5P1-1) (4.9 g, 33.5 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 120℃ for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuum to obtain the crude product. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 3: 1) to obtain L5P1-2 (1.5 g, yield: 16.57%) . LC-MS: [M+Na] +: 347.1. Synthesis of tert-butyl N- (5-amino-2- (hydroxymethyl) benzoyl) -N-methylglycinate (L5P1-3)
[0234] To a solution (10 mL) of L5P1-2 (500 mg, 1.54 mmol) in methanol was added Pd / C (298 mg, 0.15 mmol, 5.5%active palladium content) . The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. The reaction was monitored by LCMS. After the reaction was complete, the mixture was filtered under reduced pressure, and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuum to obtain the crude product. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 1: 1) to afford L5P1-3 (400 mg, yield 88.15%) . LC-MS: [M-OH] +: 277.1. Synthesis of tert-butyl N- (5- (2- ( ( (benzyloxy) carbonyl) amino) acetamido) -2- (hydroxymethyl) benzoyl) -N-methylglycinate (L5P1-4)
[0235] To a solution of L5P1-3 (400 mg, 1.36 mmol) in dichloromethane (10 mL) was L1P1-2 (284 mg, 1.36 mmol) and 2-ethoxy-1-ethoxycarbonyl-1, 2-dihydroquinoline (504 mg, 2.04 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction was monitored by LCMS. Upon completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuum to obtain the crude product. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (dichloromethane: methanol = 10: 1) to obtain L5P1-4 (450 mg, yield: 68.2%) . LC-MS: [M-OH] +: 468.2. Synthesis of tert-butyl N- (5- (2-aminoacetamido) -2- (hydroxymethyl) benzoyl) -N-methylglycinate (L5P1-5)
[0236] To a solution of L5P1-4 (450 mg, 0.93 mmol) in methanol (10 mL) was added Pd / C (179 mg, 0.093 mmol, 5.5%active palladium content) . The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. The reaction mixture was monitored by LCMS. Upon completion, the reaction mixture was filtered under reduced pressure. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to obtain the crude product. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (dichloromethane: methanol = 10: 1) to afford L5P1-5 (250 mg, yield: 76.8%) . LC-MS: [M-OH] +: 334.1. Synthesis of tert-butyl (S) -N- (5- (2- (2- (2- (2- (6- (2, 5-dioxo-2, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl) hexanamido) acetamido) acetamido) -3-phenylpropanamido) acetamido) -2- (hydroxymethyl) benzoyl) -N-methylglycinate (L5P1-6)
[0237] To a solution of L5P1-5 (250 mg, 0.71 mmol) in dichloromethane (10 mL) was added L1P1-5 (336 mg, 0.71 mmol) and 2-ethoxy-1-ethoxycarbonyl-1, 2-dihydroquinoline (EEDQ) (264 mg, 1.07 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was monitored by LCMS. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuum to obtain the crude product. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (dichloromethane: methanol = 10: 1) to afford L5P1-6 (300 mg, yield 52.3%) . LC-MS: [M+H] +: 806.2. Synthesis of tert-butyl (S) -N- (5- (2- (2- (2- (2- (6- (2, 5-dioxo-2, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1- yl) hexanamido) acetamido) acetamido) -3-phenylpropanamido) acetamido) -2- ( ( ( (4-nitrophenoxy) carbonyl) oxy) methyl) benzoyl) -N-methylglycinate (L5P1-7)
[0238] To a solution of L5P1-6 (300 mg, 0.37 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL) was added pyridine (88 mg, 1.12 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 0 ℃, and then L1P1-7 (113 mg, 0.56 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. The reaction was monitored by LCMS. After completion, the mixture was concentrated in vacuum to obtain L5P1-7 (400 mg, crude product) which was used directly in next step. LC-MS: [M+H] +: 971.3. Synthesis of tert-butyl N- (5- (2- ( (S) -2- (2- (2- (6- (2, 5-dioxo-2, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1- yl) hexanamido) acetamido) acetamido) -3-phenylpropanamido) acetamido) -2- ( ( ( ( (1S, 9S) -9-ethyl-5-fluoro-9-hydroxy-4-methyl-10, 13-dioxo-2, 3, 9, 10, 13, 15-hexahydro-1H, 12H-benzo [de] pyrano [3', 4': 6, 7] indolizino [1, 2-b] quinolin-1-yl) carbamoyl) oxy) methyl) benzoyl) -N-methylglycinate (L5P1-8)
[0239] To a solution of L5P1-7 (400 mg, crude) in N, N-dimethylformamide (10 mL) was added 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (111 mg, 0.82 mmol) , N-methylmorpholine (208 mg, 2.06 mmol) , and Exatecan mesylate (328 mg, 0.62 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was monitored by LCMS. Upon completion of the reaction, the mixture was concentrated in vacuum to obtain the crude product. The crude product was purified by C-18 reverse-phase chromatography (water: acetonitrile = 50%) to yield L5P1-8 (40 mg) . LC-MS: [M+H] +: 1267.3 Synthesis of N- (5- (2- ( (S) -2- (2- (2- (6- (2, 5-dioxo-2, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1- yl) hexanamido) acetamido) acetamido) -3-phenylpropanamido) acetamido) -2- ( ( ( ( (1S, 9S) -9-ethyl-5-fluoro-9-hydroxy-4-methyl-10, 13-dioxo-2, 3, 9, 10, 13, 15-hexahydro-1H, 12H-benzo [de] pyrano [3', 4': 6, 7] indolizino [1, 2-b] quinolin-1-yl) carbamoyl) oxy) methyl) benzoyl) -N-methylglycine (L5P1-9)
[0240] To a solution of L5P1-8 (40 mg, 0.032 mmol) in dichloromethane (5 mL) was added trifluoroacetic acid (1 mL) by dropwise. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. After monitoring the reaction completion by LCMS, the mixture was concentrated in vacuum to afford crude product L5P1-9 (40 mg, crude product) which was used directly in next step. LC-MS: [M+H] +: 1211.2. Synthesis of 4- ( (S) -5-benzyl-18- (2, 5-dioxo-2, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl) -4, 7, 10, 13-tetraoxo-3, 6, 9, 12-tetraazaoctadecanamido) -2- (methyl (5, 8, 11, 14, 17, 20, 23, 26, 29-nonamethyl-3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30-decaoxo-2, 5, 8, 11, 14, 17, 20, 23, 26, 29-decaazahentriacontan-31-yl) carbamoyl) benzyl ( (1S, 9S) -9-ethyl-5-fluoro-9-hydroxy-4-methyl-10, 13-dioxo-2, 3, 9, 10, 13, 15-hexahydro-1H, 12H-benzo [de] pyrano [3', 4': 6, 7] indolizino [1, 2-b] quinolin-1-yl) carbamate (L5P1)
[0241] To a solution of L5P1-9 (40 mg, 0.033 mmol) in N, N-dimethylformamide (5 mL) was added N-(5, 8, 11, 14, 17, 20, 23-heptamethyl-3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24-octaoxo-2, 5, 8, 11, 14, 17, 20, 23-octaazapentacosan-25-yl) -N-methyl-2- (methylamino) acetamide (L5P1-10) (20 mg, 0.033 mmol) , 2- (7-azo-1H-benzotriazol-1-yl) -N, N, N’, N’-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (19 mg, 0.050 mmol) , and N, N-diisopropylethylamine (13 mg, 0.1 mmol) sequentially. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. Monitoring by LCMS indicated the reaction was complete. The reaction mixture was directly purified by C-18 reverse-phase chromatography (acetonitrile: water with 0.1%trifluoroacetic acid = 60%) , and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain L5P1 (5.9 mg, yield: 9.70%) . LC-MS: [M+H] +: 1864.4. HPLC: 95.74%. 1H NMR (400 MHz, MeOD-d4) δ ppm 8.50 -8.44 (m, 1H) , 7.64 -7.49 (m, 4H) , 7.27 -7.20 (m, 7H) , 5.42 -5.29 (m, 4H) , 4.38-4.33 (m, 10H) , 4.18 -4.01 (m, 14H) , 3.85-3.75 (m, 6H) , 3.04-2.91 (m, 33H) , 2.76-2.73 (m, 6H) , 2.44 (s, 3H) , 2.31 -2.06 (m, 4H) , 1.95-1.91 (m, 2H) , 1.65-1.49 (m, 4H) , 1.23 -1.13 (m, 2H) , 1.02 -0.97 (m, 3H) . 1.6. Construction of linker-payload L6P1 Synthesis of 4- ( (S) -5-benzyl-18- (2, 5-dioxo-2, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl) -4, 7, 10, 13-tetraoxo-3, 6, 9, 12- tetraazaoctadecanamido) -2- (2-methyl-3-oxo-5, 8, 11, 14, 17, 20, 23, 26, 29, 32, 35-undecaoxa-2-azahexatriacontyl) benzyl ( (1S, 9S) -9-ethyl-5-fluoro-9-hydroxy-4-methyl-10, 13-dioxo-2, 3, 9, 10, 13, 15-hexahydro-1H, 12H-benzo [de] pyrano [3', 4': 6, 7] indolizino [1, 2-b] quinolin-1-yl) carbamate (L6P1)
[0242] To a solution of L2P1-15 (50 mg, 0.044 mmol) , benzotriazol-1-yl-oxy-tris (dimethylamino) phosphonium hexafluorophosphate (25 mg, 0.066 mmol) and N, N-diisopropylethylamine (17 mg, 0.132 mmol) in N, N-dimethylformamide (3 mL) was added 2, 5, 8, 11, 14, 17, 20, 23, 26, 29, 32-undecaoctatriacontane-34-oleic acid (L6P1-1) (35 mg, 0.066 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 25℃ for 2 hours. After monitoring the reaction by LCMS and confirming its completion, the mixture was concentrated under vacuum to afford the crude product. The crude product was purified by prepared-HPLC (acetonitrile-water 0.1%trifluoroacetic acid 55%-80%) to give L6P1 (21.1 mg, 29.16%) LC-MS: [1 / 2M+H] +: 826.4. HPLC: 98.68%. 1H NMR (400 MHz, MeOD-d4) δ ppm 7.84 -7.71 (m, 1H) , 7.51-7.36 (m, 4H) , 7.31 -7.21 (m, 5H) , 6.78-6.74 (m, 2H) , 5.55-5.51 (m, 1H) , 5.36-5.15 (m, 5H) , 4.97-4.94 (m, 2H) , 4.75-4.59 (m, 2H) , 4.47-4.29 (m, 3H) , 4.04-3.81 (m, 5H) , 3.71-3.63 (m, 5H) , 3.59-3.57 (m, 30H) , 3.32-3.47 (m, 5H) , 3.44-3.36 (m, 2H) , 3.33 (s, 3H) , 3.27-3.22 (m, 2H) , 3.07-3.05 (m, 2H) , 2.99-2.95 (m, 3H) , 2.34 (s, 3H) , 2.23-2.09 (m, 3H) , 1.94-1.90 (m, 2H) , 1.59-1.42 (m, 4H) , 1.32-1.16 (m, 3H) , 1.00-0.97 (m, 3H) . 1.7. Construction of linker-payload L7P1 Synthesis of (2S, 3S, 4S, 5R, 6S) -6- (2- ( (S) -5-benzyl-18- (2- (methylsulfonyl) pyrimidin-5-yl) -4, 7, 10, 13- tetraoxo-3, 6, 9, 12-tetraazaoctadec-17-ynamido) -4- ( ( ( ( (1S, 9S) -9-ethyl-5-fluoro-9-hydroxy-4-methyl-10, 13-dioxo-2, 3, 9, 10, 13, 15-hexahydro-1H, 12H-benzo [de] pyrano [3', 4': 6, 7] indolizino [1, 2-b] quinolin-1-yl) carbamoyl) oxy) methyl) phenoxy) -3, 4, 5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid (L7P1)
[0243] To a solution of L3P1-7 (80 mg, 0.07 mmol) , 2, 5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl 6-(2methanesulfonylpyrimidin-5-yl) hex-5-ynoate (40 mg, 0.11mmol) in DMF (5 mL) stirred under nitrogen was added DIEA (28 mg, 0.22 mmol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 2 hours. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by pre-HPLC to afford (2S, 3S, 4S, 5R, 6S) -6- (2- ( (S) -5-benzyl-18- (2- (methylsulfonyl) pyrimidin-5-yl) -4, 7, 10, 13-tetraoxo-3, 6, 9, 12-tetraazaoctadec-17-ynamido) -4- ( ( ( ( (1S, 9S) -9-ethyl-5-fluoro-9-hydroxy-4-methyl-10, 13-dioxo-2, 3, 9, 10, 13, 15-hexahydro-1H, 12H-benzo [de] pyrano [3', 4': 6, 7] indolizino [1, 2-b] quinolin-1-yl)carbamoyl) oxy) methyl) phenoxy) -3, 4, 5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid L7P1 (17.7 mg, yield: 18.79%) . LC-MS: [M+H] +: 1344.9. HPLC: 97.35%. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.14 –9.09 (m, 2H) , 8.79 –8.69 (m, 1H) , 8.43 (s, 1H) , 8.18 –8.03 (m, 4H) , 7.77 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 1H) , 7.30 –7.23 (m, 5H) , 7.17 –7.13 (m, 2H) , 5.44 (s, 2H) , 5.26 (s, 3H) , 5.09 –5.02 (m, 4H) , 4.92 –4.90 (m, 2H) , 4.56 (s, 1H) , 3.93 –3.91 (m, 3H) , 3.73 –3.57 (m, 4H) , 3.45 –3.43 (m, 1H) , 3.37 –3.35 (m, 1H) , 3.25 –3.21 (m, 1H) , 3.12 –3.06 (m, 2H) , 2.86 –2.78 (m, 1H) , 2.57 –2.54 (m, 3H) , 2.36 –2.30 (m, 4H) , 2.18 (s, 2H) , 2.00 –1.97 (m, 4H) , 0.87 (t, J = 6.8 Hz, 1H) . Example 2. ADC conjugation with various linker-payloads
[0244] This example describes the conjugation steps of various monoclonal antibodies with indicated linker-payloads.
[0245] In order to evaluate the feasibility of these linker-payloads to construct ADCs, we selected several monoclonal antibodies as the tool molecules for conjugation. In this case, monoclonal antibodies with human IgG1 constant region targeting three human tumor associate antigens, CDH17, GPC3 and 5T4 monoclonal antibodies respectively, were generated in-house by traditional mouse hybridoma technology as described in PCT / CN2024 / 088670, PCT / CN2022 / 125725, and PCT / CN2023 / 077493. A non-specific antibody targeting hen egg lysozyme (HEL) (Biointron, Cat. No. B117901) with human IgG1 isotype was used as the isotype control mAb for isotype ADC conjugation.
[0246] After conjugation, ADCs were quality-controlled by several parameters. The concentration of the ADCs was detected by Nanodrop (Thermo Fisher Scientific) . The purity of the indicated ADCs was detected by size exclusion chromatography high performance liquid chromatography (SEC-HPLC) . Free linker-payload detected by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) was control below 0.1%. Endotoxin was detected by Kinetic Turbidimetric LAL Assays. 2.1 Conjugation of L1P1 ADCs Preparation of CDH17-L1P1 ADC
[0247] Reduction: In a 200 μL reaction system, 129.6 μL of DPBS buffer solution was added to a 1.5 mL centrifuge tube. Then, 1.2 mg of the naked antibody solution (50.9 μL of the CDH17 naked antibody solution at 23.57 mg / mL) was added to give a final concentration of 6 mg / mL. 19.46 μL of the 5 mmol / L reducing agent TCEP (tris (2-carboxyethyl) phosphine) was added to give a molar ratio of 12: 1 of reducing agent to naked antibody. The reaction was proceeded at 25℃ for 2 hours.
[0248] Coupling: When the reduction reaction was completed, 5 μL of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was added to reach a final volume ratio of DMSO of 10%and mix well. Then, 17.25 μL of the L1P1 solution at a concentration of 10 mg / mL was added to give a molar ratio of 14: 1 of small molecule to naked antibody. The reaction was continued at 25℃ for 1 hours.
[0249] Purification: After the coupling reaction was completed, a centrifugal desalting column (Thermo Scientific Zeba spin desalting columns 40KDa) and an Ultrafiltration centrifuge tube (Millipore Amicon Ultra-4 centrifugal filters Ultracel 30K) for centrifugal purification was used to remove free small molecules and the product was exchanged into a 10 mM NaAc, pH 5.0 buffer solution. The final product was filtered through a 0.22 μm syringe filter and then assayed for concentration, DAR value, and purity. The DAR value was 7.88. Purity, as measured by SEC-HPLC, was 98.57%. The free linker-payload was 0.00032 μg / μL by RP-HPLC. 2.2 Conjugation of L2P1 ADCs Preparation of CDH17-L2P1 ADC
[0250] Reduction: In a 200 μL reaction system, 129.7 μL of DPBS buffer solution was added to a 1.5 mL centrifuge tube. Then, 1.2 mg of the naked antibody solution (50.8 μL of the CDH17 naked antibody solution at 28.61 mg / mL) was added to give a final concentration of 6 mg / mL. 19.46 μL of the 5 mmol / L reducing agent TCEP (tris (2-carboxyethyl) phosphine) was added to give a molar ratio of 12: 1 of reducing agent to naked antibody. The reaction was proceeded at 25℃ for 2 hours.
[0251] Coupling: When the reduction reaction was completed, 6 μL of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was added to reach a final volume ratio of DMSO of 10%and mix well. Then, 16.25 μL of the L2P1 solution at a concentration of 10 mg / mL was added to give a molar ratio of 14: 1 of small molecule to naked antibody. The reaction was continued at 25℃ for 1 hours.
[0252] Purification: After the coupling reaction was completed, a centrifugal desalting column (Thermo Scientific Zeba spin desalting columns 40KDa) and an Ultrafiltration centrifuge tube (Millipore Amicon Ultra-4 centrifugal filters Ultracel 30K) for centrifugal purification was used to remove free small molecules and the product was exchanged into a 10 mM NaAc, pH 5.0 buffer solution. The final product was filtered through a 0.22 μm syringe filter and then assayed for concentration, DAR value, and purity. The DAR value was 7.93. Purity, as measured by SEC-HPLC, was 98.57%. The free linker-payload was below the detection limit by RP-HPLC. 2.3 Conjugation of L3P1 ADCs (1) . Preparation of CDH17-L3P1 ADC
[0253] Reduction: In a 200 μL reaction system, 74.9 μL of DPBS buffer solution was added to a 1.5 mL centrifuge tube. Then, 1 mg of the naked antibody solution (106.2 μL of the CDH17 naked antibody solution at 9.419 mg / mL) was added to give a final concentration of 5 mg / mL. 18.92 μL of the 5 mmol / L reducing agent TCEP (tris (2-carboxyethyl) phosphine) was added to give a molar ratio of 14: 1 of reducing agent to naked antibody. The reaction was proceeded at 25℃ for 2 hours.
[0254] Coupling: When the reduction reaction was completed, 8.3 μL of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was added to reach a final volume ratio of DMSO of 10%and mix well. Then, 13.9 μL of the L3P1 solution at a concentration of 10 mg / mL was added to give a molar ratio of 16: 1 of small molecule to naked antibody. The reaction was continued at 25℃ for 1 hours.
[0255] Purification: After the coupling reaction was completed, a centrifugal desalting column (Thermo Scientific Zeba spin desalting columns 40KDa) and an Ultrafiltration centrifuge tube (Millipore Amicon Ultra-4 centrifugal filters Ultracel 30K) for centrifugal purification was used to remove free small molecules and the product was exchanged into a 10 mM NaAc, pH 5.0 buffer solution. The final product was filtered through a 0.22 μm syringe filter and then assayed for concentration, DAR value, and purity. The DAR value was 7.47. Purity, as measured by SEC-HPLC, was 97.26%. The free linker-payload was below the detection limit by RP-HPLC. (2) . Preparation of GPC3-L3P1 ADC
[0256] Reduction: In a 200 μL reaction system, 85.2 μL of DPBS buffer solution was added to a 1.5 mL centrifuge tube. Then, 1 mg of the naked antibody solution (93 μL of the GPC3 naked antibody solution at 10.77 mg / mL) was added to give a final concentration of 5 mg / mL. 21.92 μL of the 5 mmol / L reducing agent TCEP (tris (2-carboxyethyl) phosphine) was added to give a molar ratio of 16: 1 of reducing agent to naked antibody. The reaction was proceeded at 25℃ for 2 hours.
[0257] Coupling: When the reduction reaction was completed, 4.6 μL of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was added to reach a final volume ratio of DMSO of 10%and mix well. Then, 17.6 μL of the L3P1 solution at a concentration of 10 mg / mL was added to give a molar ratio of 20: 1 of small molecule to naked antibody. The reaction was continued at 25℃ for 1 hours.
[0258] Purification: After the coupling reaction was completed, a centrifugal desalting column (Thermo Scientific Zeba spin desalting columns 40KDa) and an Ultrafiltration centrifuge tube (Millipore Amicon Ultra-4 centrifugal filters Ultracel 30K) for centrifugal purification was used to remove free small molecules and the product was exchanged into a 10 mM NaAc, pH 5.0 buffer solution. The final product was filtered through a 0.22 μm syringe filter and then assayed for concentration, DAR value, and purity. The DAR value was 7.5. Purity, as measured by SEC-HPLC, was 97.0%. The free linker-payload was below the detection limit by RP-HPLC. (3) . Preparation of 5T4-L3P1 ADC
[0259] Reduction: In a 500 μL reaction system, 385.8 μL of DPBS buffer solution was added to a 1.5 mL centrifuge tube. Then, 1 mg of the naked antibody solution (96.4 μL of the 5T4 naked antibody solution at 10.37 mg / mL) was added to give a final concentration of 1.8 mg / mL. 17.8 μL of the 5 mmol / L reducing agent TCEP (tris (2-carboxyethyl) phosphine) was added to give a molar ratio of 13: 1 of reducing agent to naked antibody. The reaction was proceeded at 25℃ for 2 hours.
[0260] Coupling: When the reduction reaction was completed, 42.3 μL of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was added to reach a final volume ratio of DMSO of 10%and mix well. Then, 13.24 μL of the L3P1 solution at a concentration of 10 mg / mL was added to give a molar ratio of 15: 1 of small molecule to naked antibody. The reaction was continued at 25℃ for 1 hours.
[0261] Purification: After the coupling reaction was completed, a centrifugal desalting column (Thermo Scientific Zeba spin desalting columns 40KDa) and an Ultrafiltration centrifuge tube (Millipore Amicon Ultra-4 centrifugal filters Ultracel 30K) for centrifugal purification was used to remove free small molecules and the product was exchanged into a 10 mM NaAc, pH 5.0 buffer solution. The final product was filtered through a 0.22 μm syringe filter and then assayed for concentration, DAR value, and purity. The DAR value was 7.47. Purity, as measured by SEC-HPLC, was 97.23%. The free linker-payload was below the detection limit by RP-HPLC. (4) . Preparation of 5T4-L3P1 DAR4 ADC
[0262] Reduction: 20 mg of the naked antibody solution was added to give a final concentration of the anti-5T4 naked antibody solution at 5 mg / mL, and pH of the antibody was adjusted to 7.5 with Tris-EDTA solution. 42 μL of the 10 mmol / L reducing agent TCEP (tris (2-carboxyethyl) phosphine) was added to give a molar ratio of 3: 1 of reducing agent to naked antibody. The reaction was proceeded at 25℃ for 2 hours on a 3D shaker.
[0263] Coupling: When the reduction reaction was completed, 338 μL of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was added to reach a final volume ratio of DMSO of 10%and mix well. Then, 111 μL of the L3P1 solution at a concentration of 10 mmol / L was added to give a molar ratio of 8: 1 of small molecule to naked antibody. The reaction was continued at 25℃ for 0.5 hours continuously mixing on a 3D shaker.
[0264] Purification: Once the reaction was completed, N-acetylcysteine solution was added to give a molar ratio of 3: 1 of N-acetylcysteine to naked antibody, The reaction was continued at 25℃ for 15min, then, a centrifugal desalting column (Thermo Scientific Zeba spin desalting columns 40KDa) and an Ultrafiltration centrifuge tube (Millipore Amicon Ultra-4 centrifugal filters Ultracel 30K) for centrifugal purification was used to remove free small molecules and the product was exchanged into a 10 mM Histidine pH 5.5 buffer solution. The final product was filtered through a 0.22 μm syringe filter and then assayed for concentration, DAR value, and purity. The DAR value was 4.0. Purity, as measured by SEC-HPLC, was 99.26%. The free linker-payload was below the detection limit by RP-HPLC. (5) . Preparation of Isotype-L3P1 ADC
[0265] Reduction: In a 500 μL reaction system, 440 μL of DPBS buffer solution was added to a 1.5 mL centrifuge tube. Then, 1 mg of the naked antibody solution (43.4 μL of the Isotype naked antibody solution at 23.06 mg / mL) was added to give a final concentration of 2 mg / mL. 16.67 μL of the 5 mmol / L reducing agent TCEP (tris (2-carboxyethyl) phosphine) was added to give a molar ratio of 12: 1 of reducing agent to naked antibody. The reaction was proceeded at 25℃ for 2 hours.
[0266] Coupling: When the reduction reaction was completed, 43 μL of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was added to reach a final volume ratio of DMSO of 10%and mix well. Then, 12.5 μL of the L3P1 solution at a concentration of 10 mg / mL was added to give a molar ratio of 14: 1 of small molecule to naked antibody. The reaction was continued at 25℃ for 1 hours.
[0267] Purification: After the coupling reaction was completed, a centrifugal desalting column (Thermo Scientific Zeba spin desalting columns 40KDa) and an Ultrafiltration centrifuge tube (Millipore Amicon Ultra-4 centrifugal filters Ultracel 30K) for centrifugal purification was used to remove free small molecules and the product was exchanged into a 10 mM NaAc, pH 5.0 buffer solution. The final product was filtered through a 0.22 μm syringe filter and then assayed for concentration, DAR value, and purity. The DAR value was 7.41. Purity, as measured by SEC-HPLC, was 95.71%. The free linker-payload was below the detection limit by RP-HPLC. 2.4 Conjugation of L4P1 ADCs (1) . Preparation of CDH17-L4P1 ADC
[0268] Reduction: In a 200 μL reaction system, 141.4 μL of DPBS buffer solution was added to a 1.5 mL centrifuge tube. Then, 1 mg of the naked antibody solution (42.4 μL of the CDH17 naked antibody solution at 23.57 mg / mL) was added to give a final concentration of 5 mg / mL. 16.22 μL of the 5 mmol / L reducing agent TCEP (tris (2-carboxyethyl) phosphine) was added to give a molar ratio of 12: 1 of reducing agent to naked antibody. The reaction was proceeded at 25℃ for 2 hours.
[0269] Coupling: When the reduction reaction was completed, 10 μL of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was added to reach a final volume ratio of DMSO of 10%and mix well. Then, 12.19 μL of the L4P1 solution at a concentration of 10 mg / mL was added to give a molar ratio of 14: 1 of small molecule to naked antibody. The reaction was continued at 25℃ for 1 hours.
[0270] Purification: After the coupling reaction was completed, a centrifugal desalting column (Thermo Scientific Zeba spin desalting columns 40KDa) and an Ultrafiltration centrifuge tube (Millipore Amicon Ultra-4 centrifugal filters Ultracel 30K) for centrifugal purification was used to remove free small molecules and the product was exchanged into a 10 mM NaAc, pH 5.0 buffer solution. The final product was filtered through a 0.22 μm syringe filter and then assayed for concentration, DAR value, and purity. The DAR value was 7.81. Purity, as measured by SEC-HPLC, was 97.32%. The free linker-payload was below the detection limit by RP-HPLC. (2) . Preparation of GPC3-L4P1 ADC
[0271] Reduction: In a 200 μL reaction system, 85.5 μL of DPBS buffer solution was added to a 1.5 mL centrifuge tube. Then, 1 mg of the naked antibody solution (98 μL of the GPC3 naked antibody solution at 10.20 mg / mL) was added to give a final concentration of 4.5 mg / mL. 16.44 μL of the 5 mmol / L reducing agent TCEP (tris (2-carboxyethyl) phosphine) was added to give a molar ratio of 12: 1 of reducing agent to naked antibody. The reaction was proceeded at 25℃ for 2 hours.
[0272] Coupling: When the reduction reaction was completed, 9.9 μL of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was added to reach a final volume ratio of DMSO of 10%and mix well. Then, 12.35 μL of the L4P1 solution at a concentration of 10 mg / mL was added to give a molar ratio of 14: 1 of small molecule to naked antibody. The reaction was continued at 25℃ for 1 hours.
[0273] Purification: After the coupling reaction was completed, a centrifugal desalting column (Thermo Scientific Zeba spin desalting columns 40KDa) and an Ultrafiltration centrifuge tube (Millipore Amicon Ultra-4 centrifugal filters Ultracel 30K) for centrifugal purification was used to remove free small molecules and the product was exchanged into a 10 mM NaAc, pH 5.0 buffer solution. The final product was filtered through a 0.22 μm syringe filter and then assayed for concentration, DAR value, and purity. The DAR value was 7.82. Purity, as measured by SEC-HPLC, was 96.61%. The free linker-payload was below the detection limit by RP-HPLC. (3) . Preparation of 5T4-L4P1 ADC
[0274] Reduction: In a 200 μL reaction system, 85.5 μL of DPBS buffer solution was added to a 1.5 mL centrifuge tube. Then, 1 mg of the naked antibody solution (97.7 μL of the anti-5T4 naked antibody solution at 10.34 mg / mL) was added to give a final concentration of 4.5 mg / mL. 17.81 μL of the 5 mmol / L reducing agent TCEP (tris (2-carboxyethyl) phosphine) was added to give a molar ratio of 13: 1 of reducing agent to naked antibody. The reaction was proceeded at 25℃ for 2 hours.
[0275] Coupling: When the reduction reaction was completed, 9 μL of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was added to reach a final volume ratio of DMSO of 10%and mix well. Then, 13.24 μL of the L4P1 solution at a concentration of 10 mg / mL was added to give a molar ratio of 15: 1 of small molecule to naked antibody. The reaction was continued at 25℃ for 1 hours.
[0276] Purification: After the coupling reaction was completed, a centrifugal desalting column (Thermo Scientific Zeba spin desalting columns 40KDa) and an Ultrafiltration centrifuge tube (Millipore Amicon Ultra-4 centrifugal filters Ultracel 30K) for centrifugal purification was used to remove free small molecules and the product was exchanged into a 10 mM NaAc, pH 5.0 buffer solution. The final product was filtered through a 0.22 μm syringe filter and then assayed for concentration, DAR value, and purity. The DAR value was 7.76. Purity, as measured by SEC-HPLC, was 97.59%. The free linker-payload was below the detection limit by RP-HPLC. (4) . Preparation of Isotype-L4P1 ADC
[0277] Reduction: In a 200 μL reaction system, 94.9 μL of DPBS buffer solution was added to a 1.5 mL centrifuge tube. Then, 1 mg of the naked antibody solution (85.6 μL of the Isotype naked antibody solution at 11.68 mg / mL) was added to give a final concentration of 5 mg / mL. 19.44 μL of the 5 mmol / L reducing agent TCEP (tris (2-carboxyethyl) phosphine) was added to give a molar ratio of 14: 1 of reducing agent to naked antibody. The reaction was proceeded at 25℃ for 2 hours.
[0278] Coupling: When the reduction reaction was completed, 7.9 μL of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was added to reach a final volume ratio of DMSO of 10%and mix well. Then, 14.3 μL of the L4P1 solution at a concentration of 10 mg / mL was added to give a molar ratio of 16: 1 of small molecule to naked antibody. The reaction was continued at 25℃ for 1 hours.
[0279] Purification: After the coupling reaction was completed, a centrifugal desalting column (Thermo Scientific Zeba spin desalting columns 40KDa) and an Ultrafiltration centrifuge tube (Millipore Amicon Ultra-4 centrifugal filters Ultracel 30K) for centrifugal purification was used to remove free small molecules and the product was exchanged into a 10 mM NaAc, pH 5.0 buffer solution. The final product was filtered through a 0.22 μm syringe filter and then assayed for concentration, DAR value, and purity. The DAR value was 7.59. Purity, as measured by SEC-HPLC, was 96.95%. The free linker-payload was below the detection limit by RP-HPLC. 2.5 Conjugation of L5P1 ADCs Preparation of CDH17-L5P1 ADC
[0280] Reduction: In a 200 μL reaction system, 29.5 μL of DPBS buffer solution was added to a 1.5 mL centrifuge tube. Then, 1.2 mg of the naked antibody solution (144.6 μL of the CDH17 naked antibody solution at 8.3 mg / mL) was added to give a final concentration of 6 mg / mL. 25.95 μL of the 5 mmol / L reducing agent TCEP (tris (2-carboxyethyl) phosphine) was added to give a molar ratio of 16: 1 of reducing agent to naked antibody. The reaction was proceeded at 25℃ for 2 hours.
[0281] Coupling: When the reduction reaction was completed, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was added to reach a final volume ratio of DMSO of 10%and mix well. Then, 33.25 μL of the L5P1 solution at a concentration of 10 mg / mL was added to give a molar ratio of 22: 1 of small molecule to naked antibody. The reaction was continued at 25℃ for 1 hours.
[0282] Purification: After the coupling reaction was completed, a centrifugal desalting column (Thermo Scientific Zeba spin desalting columns 40KDa) and an Ultrafiltration centrifuge tube (Millipore Amicon Ultra-4 centrifugal filters Ultracel 30K) for centrifugal purification was used to remove free small molecules and the product was exchanged into a 10 mM NaAc, pH 5.0 buffer solution. The final product was filtered through a 0.22 μm syringe filter and then assayed for concentration, DAR value, and purity. The DAR value was 7.88. Purity, as measured by SEC-HPLC, was 98.30%. The free linker-payload was below the detection limit by RP-HPLC. 2.6 Conjugation of L6P1 ADCs Preparation of CDH17-L6P1 ADC
[0283] Reduction: In a 200 μL reaction system, 141.1 μL of DPBS buffer solution was added to a 1.5 mL centrifuge tube. Then, 1.0 mg of the naked antibody solution (42.7 μL of the anti-CDH17 naked antibody solution at 23.42 mg / mL) was added to give a final concentration of 5 mg / mL. 16.22 μL of the 5 mmol / L reducing agent TCEP (tris (2-carboxyethyl) phosphine) was added to give a molar ratio of 12: 1 of reducing agent to naked antibody. The reaction was proceeded at 25℃ for 2 hours.
[0284] Coupling: When the reduction reaction was completed, 6.6 μL of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was added to reach a final volume ratio of DMSO of 10%and mix well. Then, 15.63 μL of the L6P1 solution at a concentration of 10 mg / mL was added to give a molar ratio of 14: 1 of small molecule to naked antibody. The reaction was continued at 25℃ for 1 hours.
[0285] Purification: After the coupling reaction was completed, a centrifugal desalting column (Thermo Scientific Zeba spin desalting columns 40KDa) and an Ultrafiltration centrifuge tube (Millipore Amicon Ultra-4 centrifugal filters Ultracel 30K) for centrifugal purification was used to remove free small molecules and the product was exchanged into a 10 mM NaAc, pH 5.0 buffer solution. The final product was filtered through a 0.22 μm syringe filter and then assayed for concentration, DAR value, and purity. The DAR value was 7.56. Purity, as measured by SEC-HPLC, was 98.42%. The free linker-payload was below the detection limit by RP-HPLC. 2.7 Conjugation of L7P1 ADCs (1) Preparation of 5T4-L7P1 ADC
[0286] Reduction: 20 mg of the naked antibody solution was added to give a final concentration of the anti-5T4 naked antibody solution at 10 mg / mL, and pH of the antibody was adjusted to 7.5 with Tris-EDTA solution. 140 μL of the 10 mmol / L reducing agent TCEP (tris (2-carboxyethyl) phosphine) was added to give a molar ratio of 10: 1 of reducing agent to naked antibody. The reaction was proceeded at 25℃ for 2 hours on a 3D shaker.
[0287] Coupling: When the reduction reaction was completed, 39 μL of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was added to reach a final volume ratio of DMSO of 10%and mix well. Then, 216.2 μL of the L7P1 solution at a concentration of 10 mmol / L was added to give a molar ratio of 16: 1 of small molecule to naked antibody. The reaction was continued at 25℃ for 0.5 hours continuously mixing on a 3D shaker.
[0288] Purification: Once the reaction was completed, N-acetylcysteine solution was added to give a molar ratio of 3: 1 of N-acetylcysteine to naked antibody, The reaction was continued at 25℃ for 15min, then, a centrifugal desalting column (Thermo Scientific Zeba spin desalting columns 40KDa) and an Ultrafiltration centrifuge tube (Millipore Amicon Ultra-4 centrifugal filters Ultracel 30K) for centrifugal purification was used to remove free small molecules and the product was exchanged into a 10 mM Histidine, pH 5.5 buffer solution. The final product was filtered through a 0.22 μm syringe filter and then assayed for concentration, DAR value, and purity. The DAR value was 7.81. Purity, as measured by SEC-HPLC, was 97.58%. The free linker-payload was below the detection limit by RP-HPLC. (2) Preparation of 5T4-L7P1 DAR4 ADC
[0289] Reduction: 20 mg of the naked antibody solution was added to give a final concentration of the anti-5T4 naked antibody solution at 5 mg / mL, and pH of the antibody was adjusted to 7.5 with Tris-EDTA solution. 42 μL of the 10 mmol / L reducing agent TCEP (tris (2-carboxyethyl) phosphine) was added to give a molar ratio of 3: 1 of reducing agent to naked antibody. The reaction was proceeded at 25℃ for 2 hours on a 3D shaker.
[0290] Coupling: When the reduction reaction was completed, 338 μL of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was added to reach a final volume ratio of DMSO of 10%and mix well. Then, 111 μL of the L7P1 solution at a concentration of 10 mmol / L was added to give a molar ratio of 8: 1 of small molecule to naked antibody. The reaction was continued at 25℃ for 0.5 hours continuously mixing on a 3D shaker.
[0291] Purification: Once the reaction was completed, N-acetylcysteine solution was added to give a molar ratio of 3: 1 of N-acetylcysteine to naked antibody, The reaction was continued at 25℃ for 15min, then, a centrifugal desalting column (Thermo Scientific Zeba spin desalting columns 40KDa) and an Ultrafiltration centrifuge tube (Millipore Amicon Ultra-4 centrifugal filters Ultracel 30K) for centrifugal purification was used to remove free small molecules and the product was exchanged into a 10 mM Histidine, pH 5.5 buffer solution. The final product was filtered through a 0.22 μm syringe filter and then assayed for concentration, DAR value, and purity. The DAR value was 4.0. Purity, as measured by SEC-HPLC, was 99.41%. The free linker-payload was below the detection limit by RP-HPLC. 2.8 Conjugation of GGFG-DXd (Deruxtecan) ADCs (1) Preparation of CDH17-GGFG-DXd ADC
[0292] Reduction: In a 1300 μL reaction system, 0.6 μL of DPBS buffer solution was added to a 1.5 mL centrifuge tube. Then, 6.0 mg of the naked antibody solution (1201.6 μL of the CDH17 naked antibody solution at 5.02 mg / mL) was added to give a final concentration of 4.64 mg / mL. 97.82 μL of the 5 mmol / L reducing agent TCEP (tris (2-carboxyethyl) phosphine) was added to give a molar ratio of 12: 1 of reducing agent to naked antibody. The reaction was proceeded at 37℃ for 2 hours.
[0293] Coupling: When the reduction reaction was completed, 77 μL of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was added to reach a final volume ratio of DMSO of 10%and mix well. Then, 67.43 μL of the Deruxtecan solution at a concentration of 10 mg / mL was added to give a molar ratio of 16: 1 of small molecule to naked antibody. The reaction was continued at 37℃ for 1 hours.
[0294] Purification: After he coupling reaction was completed, a centrifugal desalting column (Thermo Scientific Zeba spin desalting columns 40KDa) and an Ultrafiltration centrifuge tube (Millipore Amicon Ultra-4 centrifugal filters Ultracel 30K) for centrifugal purification was used to remove free small molecules and the product was exchanged into a 10 mM NaAc, pH 5.0 buffer solution. The final product was filtered through a 0.22 μm syringe filter and then assayed for concentration, DAR value, and purity. The DAR value was 7.65. Purity, as measured by SEC-HPLC, was 97.87%. The free linker-payload was below the detection limit by RP-HPLC. (2) Preparation of GPC3-GGFG-DXd ADC
[0295] Reduction: 50 mg of the naked antibody solution was added to give a final concentration of 10 mg / mL, and pH of the antibody should then be adjusted to 7.5 with Tris-EDTA solution. the reducing agent TCEP (tris (2-carboxyethyl) phosphine) was added to give a molar ratio of 10: 1 of reducing agent to naked antibody. The reaction was proceeded at 25℃ for 2 hours on a 3D shaker.
[0296] Coupling: When the reduction reaction was completed, Deruxtecan solution was added to give a molar ratio of 16: 1 of small molecule to naked antibody. The reaction was continued at 25℃ for 0.5 hours with continuous mixing on a 3D shaker.
[0297] Purification: Once the reaction had reached completion, N-acetylcysteine solution was added to give a molar ratio of 3: 1 of N-acetylcysteine to naked antibody, an Ultrafiltration centrifuge tube for centrifugal purification was used to remove free small molecules and the product was exchanged into a 10 mM NaAc, pH 5.0 buffer solution. The final product was filtered through a 0.22 μm syringe filter and then assayed for concentration, DAR value, and purity. The DAR value was 7.96. Purity, as measured by SEC-HPLC, was 99.54%. The free linker-payload was below the detection limit by RP-HPLC. (3) Preparation of 5T4-GGFG-DXd ADC
[0298] Reduction: In a 200 μL reaction system, 67.4 μL of DPBS buffer solution was added to a 1.5 mL centrifuge tube. Then, 1.2 mg of the naked antibody solution (115.9 μL of the 5T4 naked antibody solution at 10.35 mg / mL) was added to give a final concentration of 6 mg / mL. 16.67 μL of the 5 mmol / L reducing agent TCEP (tris (2-carboxyethyl) phosphine) was added to give a molar ratio of 10: 1 of reducing agent to naked antibody. The reaction was proceeded at 25℃ for 2 hours.
[0299] Coupling: When the reduction reaction was completed, 11.9 μL of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was added to reach a final volume ratio of DMSO of 10%and mix well. Then, 10.34 μL of the Deruxtecan solution at a concentration of 10 mg / mL was added to give a molar ratio of 12: 1 of small molecule to naked antibody. The reaction was continued at 25℃ for 1 hours.
[0300] Purification: After the coupling reaction was completed, a centrifugal desalting column (Thermo Scientific Zeba spin desalting columns 40KDa) and an Ultrafiltration centrifuge tube (Millipore Amicon Ultra-4 centrifugal filters Ultracel 30K) for centrifugal purification was used to remove free small molecules and the product was exchanged into a 10 mM NaAc, pH 5.0 buffer solution. The final product was filtered through a 0.22 μm syringe filter and then assayed for concentration, DAR value, and purity. The DAR value was 7.9. Purity, as measured by SEC-HPLC, was 98.24%. The free linker-payload was 0.00067 μg / μL by RP-HPLC.
[0301] (4) Preparation of Isotype-GGFG-DXd ADC
[0302] Reduction: In a 200 μL reaction system, 151.2 μL of DPBS buffer solution was added to a 1.5 mL centrifuge tube. Then, 1.0mg of the naked antibody solution (35 μL of the Isotype naked antibody solution at 28.61 mg / mL) was added to give a final concentration of 5 mg / mL. 13.89 μL of the 5 mmol / L reducing agent TCEP (tris (2-carboxyethyl) phosphine) was added to give a molar ratio of 10: 1 of reducing agent to naked antibody. The reaction was proceeded at 25℃ for 2 hours.
[0303] Coupling: When the reduction reaction was completed, 11.3 μL of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was added to reach a final volume ratio of DMSO of 10%and mix well. Then, 11 μL of the Deruxtecan solution at a concentration of 10 mg / mL was added to give a molar ratio of 12: 1 of small molecule to naked antibody. The reaction was continued at 25℃ for 1 hours.
[0304] Purification: After he coupling reaction was completed, a centrifugal desalting column (Thermo Scientific Zeba spin desalting columns 40KDa) and a Ultrafiltration centrifuge tube (Millipore Amicon Ultra-4 centrifugal filters Ultracel 30K) for centrifugal purification was used to remove free small molecules and the product was exchanged into a 10 mM NaAc, pH 5.0 buffer solution. The final product was filtered through a 0.22 μm syringe filter and then assayed for concentration, DAR value, and purity. The DAR value was 7.89. Purity, as measured by SEC-HPLC, was 97.71%. The free linker-payload was below the detection limit by RP-HPLC.
[0305] All the linker-payloads exhibited good feasibility with different mAbs featured with acceptable purity, high DAR value and minimal free linker-payload after conjugation. The parameters for each ADCs were summarized in the Table 2A as below.
[0306] Hydrophilicity of the ADCs was determined by hydrophobic interaction chromatography-HPLC (HIC-HPLC) in comparison with the parental mAb and GGFG-DXd based ADCs. The result showed that most of the newly developed ADCs including L3P1 and L4P1 ADCs showed improved hydrophilicity when compared to GGFG-DXd based ADCs (Table 2B) , as indicated by the earlier retention time than GGFG-DXd ADC. L1P1 and L2P1 based ADCs showed comparable hydrophilicity with GGFG-DXd based ADCs (Table 2B) . These data demonstrated that the strategies by adding different kinds of hydrophilic units to the linkers bring improved hydrophilicity of the whole ADC molecules. Table 2A. Summary of the quality control of ADCs N.D. = not detected. Table 2B. Hydrophilicity of ADCs or mAbs detected by HIC-HPLC Example 3. In vitro activities of CDH17 ADCs
[0307] In order to evaluate the biological activities of ADCs conjugated with the newly developed linker-payloads, we performed a series of assays to evaluate the properties of the ADCs. We detected the binding potency and internalization efficiency of these ADCs to confirm that the conjugation of the linker-payloads to the naked mAbs still maintained the binding and internalization potency of the antibody part. We determined on-target cytotoxicity and bystander killing of ADCs in parallel with a benchmark linker-payload Deruxtecan (MC-GGFG-DXd, hereafter short for GGFG-DXd) to identify the efficacious superiority of the novel design of the linker-payloads.
[0308] In this example, firstly, we evaluate the in vitro activities of ADC by conjugation of the linker-payloads with an antibody targeting CDH17. This example characterized the binding, internalization, on-target cytotoxicity and bystander killing of CDH17 ADCs on human CDH17 positive tumor cells with various expression levels. 3.1 Binding ability of CDH17 ADCs to human CDH17-expressing tumor cell lines
[0309] In order to evaluate the binding activity of the CDH17 ADCs to human CDH17 expressed on tumor cell lines, several human tumor cell lines including pancreatic cancer cell line AsPC1, colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line HCT-8 cells and gastric adenocarcinoma cell line AGS cells were employed in the cell-based binding assay.
[0310] Briefly, the CDH17 ADCs, the parental CDH17 mAb or an HEL isotype control mAb were diluted at a four-fold dilution rate for 10 doses starting from a concentration of 100 nM in the staining buffer (DPBS buffer containing 2%FBS) . The indicated dilutions were incubated with 5x104 target cells in 96-well microplates for 30 minutes (mins) at 4 ℃. Then the cell-ADC / mAb mixture was washed with staining buffer twice. The ADCs or mAb binding to the antigen on the cell surface were detected with goat anti-human IgG (H+L) cross-adsorbed secondary antibody conjugated with Alexa FluorTM 488 (ThermoFisher, Cat. No. A11013) at a dilution rate of 1: 2000 for 30 mins at 4 ℃ followed by extensive washing. Cells were analyzed by flow cytometer LSRFortessaTM Cell Analyzer (BD Biosciences) . Data were analyzed with Flowjo 10.0 software. The graphs and statistics analysis were generated with four-parameter nonlinear regression curve fit in Graphpad Prism 10 software.
[0311] As shown in FIG. 2A to FIG. 2C, all these CDH17 ADCs showed comparable binding potency with CDH17 mAb on human CDH17-expressing AsPC1, AGS and HCT-8 tumor cells. These data indicated that the conjugation of these newly developed linker-payloads did not impact the binding potency of the antibody. 3.2 Internalization of CDH17 ADCs to human CDH17-expressing tumor cell lines
[0312] In order to characterize the internalization rate of CDH17 ADCs on CDH17-expressing human tumor cells, an internalization assay was developed as followed with CDH17 high pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line AsPC-1 and CDH17 medium human colorectal cancer cell line HCT-8 cells.
[0313] Briefly, first, a purified anti-human IgG Fc antibody (Biolegend, Cat. No. 410701) was used as the secondary antibody and labeled with pHAb Thiol Reactive Dyes (Promega, Cat. No. G9835) through its maleimide group under the manufacturer’s instructions. These dyes are pH-sensitive which have very low fluorescence when pH is higher than 7, and a dramatic increase in fluorescence at the acidic pH conditions such as intracellular organelles endosomes or lysosomes where antigen-ADC / mAb complex is internalized and translocated. Then, the resulting secondary antibody conjugated with PH-sensitive dye (30 nM) was incubated with various CDH17 ADC dilutions (20 nM) at a volume ratio of 1: 1 in culture medium at 37 ℃ for 30 mins to generate a 2 fold working solution. Next, 100 μl of the working solution was added into 96-well assay plates pre-seeded with 100 μl of 4×103 target tumor cells in each well followed by incubation and detection of the fluorescence signal in CLSTM high content analysis system (PerkinElmer) at 37℃ for 24 hours (hrs) . The data was analyzed in this system and plotted by Graphpad Prism 10 software.
[0314] As shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, all these CDH17 ADCs showed efficient internalization rate when compared with the parental CDH17 mAb as well as the GGFG-DXd conjugated ADC on human CDH17-expressing AsPC1 and HCT-8 tumor cells. These data collectively indicated that the conjugation of these newly developed linker-payloads still maintained the efficient internalization rate as potent as the parental antibody. 3.3 In vitro properties of free payload Exatecan
[0315] The on-target cytotoxicity of the ADCs was determined by several aspects of the linker-payload: the cytotoxicity activity of the payload, the release efficiency of the payload by the cleavage of the linkers and the stability of the ADCs in in vitro assays.
[0316] We first evaluated the cytotoxicity of the topoisomerase inhibitor payload Exatecan, a water-soluble camptothecin derivative, with more than 30 different tumor cell lines. For in vitro killing assay, briefly, a number of 2×103 to 4×103 tumor cells were seeded into 96-well flat plate and cultured in a CO2 incubator at 37℃ overnight. On the next day, serially diluted free payload DXd or Exatecan diluted from 225 nM at a three-fold dilution rate for 10 dose levels were added into the 96-well plate and incubated with the tumor cells in a CO2 incubator at 37 ℃ for 6 days. The viability of the tumor cells was detected with Luminescent Cell Viability Assay reagent (Promega, Cat. No. G7572) by incubating the detection reagent with the cell culture at RT for 10 minutes followed by luminescence detection with Envision multilabel plate readers (PerkinElemer) . Alternatively, the viability of the tumor cells was detected with FACS absolute counting of DAPI negative cells by LSRFortessaTM Cell Analyzer (BD Biosciences) . Data were analyzed with Flowjo 10.0 software.
[0317] As shown in FIG. 4A, Exatecan exhibited superior cytotoxicity to DXd in almost all the indicated tumor cell lines as indicated with more potent IC50.
[0318] To determine the membrane permeability and the efflux rate of Exatecan, a CRC tumor cell line Caco2, an epithelia cell type which could mimic the epithelia of the normal intestine tissue, was used to set up a membrane permeability assay.
[0319] The result shown in FIG. 4B indicated that Exatecan had more efficient membrane permeability (PappA-B) than DXd. More importantly, Exatecan showed significantly lower efflux rate (PappB-A / PappA-B) than DXd, which was consistent with the properties of Exatecan as no P-gp substate. 3.4 In vitro killing efficacy of CDH17 ADCs
[0320] To evaluate the in vitro cytotoxicity of CDH17 ADC to CDH17-expressing cells, in vitro ADC cytotoxicity assay was developed as follows. Colorectal cancer cell lines HCT-8, LS1034, and LS180 cells and pancreatic cancer cell line AsPC-1 cells with different expression level of CDH17 respectively were selected as the target cells. Another CRC cell line SW620 with neglectable expression level of CDH17 was enforced to over-express full length human CDH17 and also used as the target cells. CDH17 negative CRC cell line RKO cells was used as the negative control to exclude the non-specific cytotoxicity.
[0321] The absolute CDH17 antigen number (count. ) expressed on the cell membrane of the tumor cells was evaluated with cell surface antigen quantification Kit (Quantitative Analysis Kit, Agilent Dako, Code K0078) following the manufacture’s instruction. Briefly, a in-house developed CDH17 mAb with mouse IgG2a constant region or a mouse IgG2a isotype control antibody was diluted at a concentration of 50 nM in the staining buffer (DPBS buffer containing 2%FBS) . The antibody dilutions were incubated with 5x104 cells in 96-well microplates for 30 mins at 4 ℃. The calibration bead conjugated with high-affinity anti-human CD5 mouse IgG2a antibody (Clone CRIS-1) with a range of absolute numbers served as standards of cell surface antigen quantification. Then the cell-antibody mixture and calibration beads were washed with staining buffer twice. The antibodies binding to the antigen on the cell surface or the calibration beads were detected with goat anti-mouse IgG (H+L) secondary antibody conjugated with Alexa FluorTM 647 (Jackson ImmunoResearch, Cat. No. 115-606-003) at a dilution rate of 1: 2000 for 30 mins at 4 ℃ followed by extensive washing. Cells and calibration beads were analyzed by flow cytometer LSRFortessaTM Cell Analyzer (BD Biosciences) . Data were analyzed with Flowjo 10.0 software.
[0322] The results showed that AsPC-1, LS1034 and SW620-hCDH17 had high absolute number of membrane CDH17 (>1×105 / cell) and HCT-8 showed medium expression level of CDH17 (1×104 / cell ~1×105 / cell) (Table 3A) .
[0323] For in vitro killing assay, briefly, a number of 2×103 tumor cells were seeded into 96-well flat plate and cultured in a CO2 incubator at 37℃ overnight. On the next day, serially diluted CDH17 ADCs starting from 30 nM at a three-fold dilution ratio for 10 dose levels were added into the 96-well plate and incubated with the tumor cells in a CO2 incubator at 37 ℃ for 6 days. The viability of the tumor cells was detected with either FACS absolute counting (HCT-8) by LSRFortessaTM Cell Analyzer (BD Biosciences) or reaction regent (LS1034, SW620-hCDH17, AsPC-1, LS180 and RKO) by incubating the detection reagent with the cell culture at RT for 10 minutes followed by luminescence detection with Envision multilabel plate readers (PerkinElemer) .
[0324] As shown in FIGS. 5A-E and FIGS. 5G-H, all the CDH17 ADCs exhibited potent and dose-dependent tumor cell killing on HCT-8, LS1034, AsPC-1, LS180 and SW620-hCDH17 cells with minimal killing effect on CDH17 negative RKO cells (FIG. 5F) , indicating target-specific cytotoxicity mediated by CDH17 ADCs. More importantly, all these CDH17 ADCs exhibited superior cytotoxicity than CDH17-GGFG-DXd in these CDH17 positive tumor cell lines as indicated with either more potent IC50 or improved maximal killing (Tables 3A-3B) . Interestingly, the superiority of these CDH17 ADCs versus GGFG-DXd based ADC was more dominant in those tumor cell types which showed less sensitivity to GGFG-DXd based ADCs including HCT-8, AsPC-1 and LS180 cells. These data collectively indicated these newly developed linker-payloads efficiently release payload Exatecan in these tumor cells and exhibited the superior cytotoxicity through the payload Exatecan. This unique design of the ADCs may facilitate overcoming the resistance of GGFG-DXd based ADCs. Table 3A. Cytotoxicity Properties of CDH17 ADCs to Different Cel Lines Table 3B. Cytotoxicity Properties of CDH17 ADCs to Different Cel Lines 3.5 In vitro bystander killing efficacy of CDH17 ADCs
[0325] In order to evaluate bystander killing effect of CDH17-ADCs versus DXd ADC, an in vitro coculture-based bystander assay was performed as follows. Briefly, GFP-positive CDH17-expressing SW480-hCDH17 effector cells (1000 cells / well) were cocultured with human CDH17 negative RKO target cells with RFP label (2000 cells / well) in the presence of CDH17 ADCs at a concentration of 1 nM in a 96-well plate at 37℃. Human CDH17-negative cells seeded with the same cell number (2000 cells / well) in the absence of CDH17-positive cells was served as the negative control to rule out the direct killing of CDH17 ADCs on human CDH17 negative cells. After 6 days, the absolute numbers of GFP-positive effector cells and RFP-positive target cells were counted separately with CLSTM high content analysis system (PerkinElmer) . Cell viability was analysis and graphed by Graphpad Prism 10 software.
[0326] As shown is FIG. 6, all CDH17 ADCs showed superior bystander killing on CDH17 negative RKO cells in the coculture systems when compared to CDH17-GGFG-DXd although all of which showed efficient cytotoxicity to CDH17 positive SW480-hCDH17 cells. As a control, all CDH17 ADCs did not showed any non-specific killing effect on CDH17 negative RKO cells in the absence of CDH17 positive SW480 cells in the culture system, indicating that the bystander effect of ADCs was derived from the on-target killing mediated intra-cellular payload release of the effector cells but not the extra-cellular payload release of ADCs. These data collectively demonstrated superior bystander killing effect of CDH17 ADC exploring a payload with higher hydrophilicity and cytotoxicity such as Exatecan when compared with DXd. Example 4. In vivo anti-tumor activities of CDH17 ADCs
[0327] This example characterized the in vivo anti-tumor activity of different linker-payload conjugated CDH17 ADCs in cell line-derived xenograft (CDX) and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mice models. 4.1 In vivo anti-tumor efficacy of CDH17 ADCs in CDX mice models
[0328] To this end, colorectal cell line LS1034 cells was explored to construct a CDX mice model. The CDH17 expression level of the LS1034 CDX tumor tissues was confirmed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining with formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) sections using a specific CDH17 mAb (Abcam, ab183318) as primary antibody with rabbit IgG mAb (Abcam, ab172730) served as the isotype control. Histochemical scoring system (H-score) was used for target expression intensity evaluation. The expression grades were classified as 0 (H-score < 1) , 1+ (H-score 1-99) , 2+ (H-score 100-199) and 3+ (H-score 200-300) . As shown in FIG. 7B, LS1034 tumor tissue showed heterogenous CDH17 expression with medium expression level of CDH17 (H-score 130, 2+) .
[0329] LS1034 cells (5×106) with were resuspended in DPBS and mixed with Matrigel ( Cat. No. 356234) at 1: 1 ratio followed by implantation subcutaneously into CB-17 SCID female mice. When the tumor volume (TV) reached around 150 mm3, mice were grouped (n=4 mice / group) and simultaneously administered with a single dose of 3 mg / kg or 10 mg / kg CDH17 ADCs intravenously at day 0, with the vehicle group as the non-treatment control. Tumor volume defined as 0.5× length × width2 was measured three times a week. Tumor growth index (TGI, %) was calculated as follows: TGI (%) = [1- (mean of tumor volume change of treatment group on evaluation day) / (mean of tumor volume change of control group on evaluation day) ] × 100. Relative change of body weight (%) (RCBW) was calculated as follows: RCBW (%) = (BWi -BW0) / BW0×100, BWi is the average body weight on the evaluation day and BW0 is the average body weight at the starting dose.
[0330] As shown in FIGS. 7A, 7B and Table 4, CDH17-L3P1 and CDH17-L4P1 exhibited robust and dose-dependent tumor growth inhibition at day 24 after a single dose treatment when compared with the vehicle group, with the TGI at 56.84 %and 49.19 %for 3 mg / kg and 102.81 %and 93.59 %for 10 mg / kg respectively. More importantly, CDH17-L3P1 (TGI: 56.84 %) and CDH17-L4P1 (TGI: 49.19 %) displayed significantly superior anti-tumor efficacy to CDH17-GGFG-DXd (TGI: 17.68 %) at 3 mg / kg dose level. CDH17-L3P1 (TGI: 102.81 %) even exhibited a trend of superior anti-tumor efficacy to CDH17-GGFG-DXd (TGI: 94.21%) at 10 mg / kg dose level. In addition, no body weight change was observed in all the treatment groups until the end of the study (FIG. 7C) , indicating no systemic toxicity mediated by the CDH17 ADC treatment. These data collectively demonstrated the superior anti-tumor efficacy of L3P1 and L4P1 conjugated CDH17 ADCs compared to CDH17-GGFG-DXd ADC in in vivo CDX mice model. Table 4. In vivo efficacy of CDH17-ADCs on LS1034 CDX mice model 4.2 In vivo anti-tumor efficacy of CDH17 ADCs and corresponding non-binding ADCs in CDX mice models
[0331] In order to confirm that the in vivo efficacy of the ADCs was dependent on target-specific ADC engagement and the resulting tumor growth inhibition, but not the non-specific uptake of ADCs and the undesired payload release, the anti-tumor activity of the non-binding ADCs composed of the corresponding linker-payloads conjugated with an antibody targeting HEL was evaluated in vivo.
[0332] Briefly, an in vivo efficacy of CDH17 ADCs and corresponding non-binding ADCs was evaluated by following the protocol described in Example 4.1. As shown in FIG. 8A to FIG. 8D and Tables 5A-5B, CDH17-L3P1 and CDH17-L4P1 exhibited robust and dose-dependent tumor growth inhibition at day 23 after a single dose treatment when compared with the vehicle group, with the TGI at 52.21 %and 51.92 %for 3 mg / kg and 98.00 %and 99.50 %for 10 mg / kg respectively. In contrast, the non-binding L3P1 and non-binding L4P1 showed minimal tumor growth inhibition with the TGI at 6.2 %and 11.87 %for 3 mg / kg and 20.61 %and 19.58 %for 10 mg / kg respectively at day 23 after a single dose treatment when compared with the vehicle group. These data demonstrate that the in vivo efficacy of the ADCs was attributed to specific target engagement by the Ab part of ADCs and precise drug delivery to the tumor cells. Table 5A. in vivo efficacy of CDH17-L3P1 and non-binding-L3P1 on LS1034 CDX mice model Table 5B. in vivo efficacy of CDH17-L4P1 and non-binding-L4P1 on LS1034 CDX mice model 4.3 In vivo anti-tumor efficacy of CDH17 ADCs in PDX mice models
[0333] In order to confirm the anti-tumor activity of the designed ADCs in patient derived tumor samples, a CRC PDX mice model was established. Briefly, the CDH17 expression level of the PDX tumor tissues derived from CRC patients was first confirmed by IHC staining with FFPE sections by following the protocol described in Example 4.1. PDX tumor samples with positive expression of CDH17 were selected and passaged in the host mice. When tumor grew up to about 500~800 mm3, the tumor samples were cut into small pieces (about 3 mm3, 45~60 mg) and inoculated into female NU / NU Nude mice (Vital River) subcutaneously. When the tumor had grown up to an appropriate volume, the tumor-bearing mice were randomized into treatment and control groups (n=4 mice per group) with the average tumor volume at around ~200 mm3. Simultaneously, a single dose of 3 mg / kg or 10 mg / kg CDH17 ADCs as indicated was administered intravenously at day 0, with the vehicle treatment as the control groups. Tumor volume defined as 0.5× length × width2 was measured twice a week. TGI (%) was calculated as follows: TGI (%) = [1– (mean of tumor volume change of treatment group on evaluation day) / (mean of tumor volume change of control group on evaluation day) ] × 100. Relative change of body weight (%) (RCBW) was calculated as follows: RCBW (%) = (BWi -BW0) / BW0×100, BWi is the average body weight on the evaluation day and BW0 is the average body weight at the starting dose.
[0334] As shown in FIG. 9A and Table 6, CDH17-L3P1 exhibited superior tumor growth inhibition when compared to CDH17-GGFG-DXd in the CRC PDX model with medium CDH17 expression level (H-score 165, 2+) both at 3 mg / kg (TGI%: 64.63 %vs. 42.95 %) and 10 mg / kg (TGI%: 92.02 %vs. 85.25 %) at 39 days after a single dose treatment. In addition, no body weight loss was observed during the study (FIG. 8B) , indicating no obvious toxicities of these CDH17 ADCs in the PDX mice model. These data collectively demonstrated the robust and superior anti-tumor efficiency of CDH17-L3P1 in CRC PDX mice model. Table 6. in vivo efficacy of CDH17-ADCs on CRC PDX mice model Example 5. Plasma stability of CDH17 ADCs in vitro
[0335] In this example, various ADCs were tested for their plasma stability in vitro by detecting the concentration of the released free payload with LC-MS / MS.
[0336] For human plasma stability assay, 150 μg / mL CDH17 ADCs were incubated in commercialized human plasma derived from healthy donors at 37 ℃ in an incubator for 21 days. Samples were collected at the indicated time points. The samples were treated with ACN (Acetonitrile) followed by detection of the concentration of the payload Exatecan or DXd with LC-MS / MS. The LLOQ of the Exatecan were 100 or 200 pg / mL and DXd was 100 pg / mL.
[0337] As shown in FIG. 10, minimal payload release was detected in CDH17-L3P1and CDH17-L4P1 with the percentage less than 1 % (0.137 %and 0.682 %, respectively) of the theoretical maximum payload release after incubation in human plasma for 21 days. On the contrary, CDH17-GGFG-DXd showed increased payload release during the incubation time and reached around 5%of total payload release at 21 days after incubation in human plasma. These data indicated that L3P1 and L4P1 linker-payloads exhibited significantly improved plasma stability when compared with GGFG-DXd based linker-payload, which may result in much less systemic toxicities in vivo. Example 6. In vitro activities of GPC3 ADCs 6.1 In vitro killing efficacy of GPC3 ADCs
[0338] To evaluate the in vitro cytotoxicity of GPC3 ADC to GPC3-expressing cells, in vitro ADC cytotoxicity assay was developed as follows. Human HCC cell lines HepG2, Huh-1 and PLC-PRF-5 cells with different expression level of GPC3 respectively were selected as the target cells. The expression level of GPC3 on these HCC tumor cell lines were determined with FACS by staining of the tumor cell lines with an in-house developed GPC3 specific antibody or isotype control antibody and analyzed by flow cytometer LSRFortessaTM Cell Analyzer (BD Biosciences) . Data were analyzed with Flowjo 10.0 software. The expression level of GPC3 was calculated as a fold change by comparing the mean florescence index (MFI) generated by GPC3 antibody staining with that from the isotype antibody staining on these cell lines and shown in Table 7.
[0339] For in vitro killing assay, briefly, a number of 2×103 or 4×103 tumor cells were seeded into 96-well flat plate and cultured in a CO2 incubator at 37℃ overnight. On the next day, serially diluted GPC3 ADCs starting from 30 nM at a three-fold dilution ratio were added into the 96-well plate and incubated with the tumor cells in a CO2 incubator at 37 ℃ for 6-7 days. The viability of the tumor cells was detected with FACS absolute counting of DAPI positive cells by LSRFortessaTM Cell Analyzer (BD Biosciences) .
[0340] As shown in FIG. 11A -FIG. 11C, all the GPC3 ADCs exhibited potent and dose-dependent tumor cell killing on these GPC3 positive HCC tumor cells. Of note, the superiority of these GPC3 ADCs was more obvious in GPC3 low tumor cells with DXd insensitivity. Specifically, when compared with GPC3-GGFG-DXd ADC, all these GPC3 ADCs exhibited superior cytotoxicity with improved maximal killing potency in tumor cell line Huh-1 (17 fold) cells with relatively low level of GPC3 and PLC-PRF-5 (3 fold) cells with extremely heterogeneous expression profile of GPC3 (GPC3+ cells around 40%) , both of which were less sensitive to GGFG-DXd based ADCs. These data indicated the superiority of these newly developed ADCs in tumors with low TAA expression level, heterogeneous TAA expression or less responsiveness to DXd-based toxicity. The IC50 values and maximum killing potency of the cytotoxicity of GPC3 ADCs on various tumor cells were summarized in Table 7. Table 7. Cytotoxicity Properties of GPC3 ADCs to Different Cel Lines 6.2 In vitro bystander killing efficacy of GPC3 ADCs
[0341] In order to evaluate the bystander killing effect of GPC3-ADCs, an in vitro coculture assay was performed as follows. GPC3-expressing HepG2 cells (2000 cells / well) were cocultured with human GPC3 negative and RFP positive RKO cells (2000 cells / well) in the presence of GPC3 ADCs at a concentration of 1 nM or medium control in a 96-well plate at 37℃. Human GPC3-negative cells seeded with the same cell number (2000 cells / well) in the absence of GPC3-positive cells was served as the negative control to rule out the direct killing of GPC3 ADCs on human GPC3 negative cells. After 6 days, the absolute numbers of RFP-negative target cells and RFP-positive effector cells were counted with FACS.
[0342] As shown is FIG. 12, the tested GPC3 ADCs conjugated with L3P1 and L4P1 showed superior bystander killing on GPC3 negative RKO cells in the coculture systems when compared to GPC3-GGFG-DXd ADC. In contrast, all GPC3 ADCs did not showed any obvious killing effect on GPC3 negative RKO cells in the absence of GPC3 positive HepG2 cells in the culture system. These data collectively demonstrated efficient and superior bystander killing effect of GPC3 ADC as compared with GGFG-DXd based ADCs. Example 7. In vitro activities of 5T4 ADCs 7.1 In vitro killing efficacy of 5T4 ADCs
[0343] To evaluate the in vitro cytotoxicity of 5T4 ADC to 5T4-expressing cells, in vitro ADC cytotoxicity assay was developed as follows. NSCLC cancer cell lines PC-9, HCC827, NCI-H975 and A549 and CRC cancer cell line HCT-116 with different expression levels of 5T4 respectively were selected as the target cells. The expression level of 5T4 on these tumor cell lines were determined with the fold change of mean florescence intensity (MFI) of 5T4 antibody versus the isotype control antibody by FACS using flow cytometer LSRFortessaTM Cell Analyzer (BD Biosciences) . The expression level of 5T4 on these tumor cell lines were listed in FIG. 13A-FIG. 13E. H1975 (100 fold) and PC-9 (84 fold) cells showed high level of 5T4. HCT-116 (58 fold) and HCC827 (48 fold) showed relatively medium level of 5T4, and A549 (29 fold) cells had relatively low level of 5T4 expression.
[0344] For in vitro killing assay, briefly, a number of 2×103 or 4×103 tumor cells were seeded into 96-well flat plate and cultured in a CO2 incubator at 37℃ overnight. On the next day, serially diluted 5T4 ADCs starting from 30 nM at a three-fold dilution ratio were added into the 96-well plate and incubated with the tumor cells in a CO2 incubator at 37 ℃ for 6 days. The viability of the tumor cells was detected with FACS absolute counting by LSRFortessaTM Cell Analyzer (BD Biosciences) .
[0345] As shown in FIG. 13A-FIG. 13E, the tested 5T4 ADCs exhibited potent and dose-dependent tumor cell killing on these 5T4 positive tumor cells. Of note, when compared with 5T4-GGFG-DXd ADC, 5T4-L3P1 and L4P1 ADCs exhibited superior cytotoxicity with improved efficiency (IC50) and / or maximal killing potency in all the indicated tumor cells including with 5T4 high-expressing NCI-H1975 (100 fold) and PC-9 (84 fold) cells, 5T4 medium-expressing HCT-116 (58 fold) and HCC827 (48 fold) , and low-expresing A549 (29 fold) cells. Consistent with previous observation in CDH17 and GPC3 ADCs, 5T4-L3P1 and 5T4-L4P1 were prone to exhibit better performance in cells with less sensitivity or even unresponsive to GGFG-DXd ADCs such as HCC827, NCI-H1975 and A549, indicating the superiority of the tested ADCs in tumors with less responsiveness to DXd-based toxicity.
[0346] As shown in FIG. 14A to FIG. 14E, the tested 5T4 ADCs exhibited potent and dose-dependent tumor cell killing on these 5T4 positive tumor cells. Consistan with previous findings, 5T4-L3P1 and 5T4-L7P1 were prone to exhibit better performance in cells with less sensitivity or even unresponsive to GGFG-DXd ADCs such as HCC827, NCI-H1975 and A549, indicating the superiority of the tested ADCs in tumors with less responsiveness to DXd-based toxicity. The IC50 values and maximal killing potency of the cytotoxicity of 5T4 ADCs on various tumor cells were summarized in Table 8. Table 8. Cytotoxicity Properties of 5T4 ADCs to Diferent Cel Lines 7.2 In vitro bystander killing efficacy of 5T4 ADCs
[0347] To evaluate the bystander killing effect of 5T4-ADCs, an in vitro co-culture assay was performed as follows. RFP-positive 5T4-expressing MDA-MB-468 cells (4000 cells / well) were cocultured with human 5T4 negative SK-CO-1 cells (2000 cells / well) in the presence of 5T4 ADCs at a concentration of 1 nM in a 96-well plate at 37℃. Human 5T4-negative cells seeded with the same cell number (2000 cells / well) in the absence of target-positive cells was served as the negative control to rule out the non-specific killing of 5T4 ADCs on human 5T4 negative cells. After 6 days, the absolute numbers of RFP-positive target cells and RFP-negative effector cells were counted with FACS.
[0348] As shown is FIG. 15, the tested 5T4 ADCs showed superior bystander killing on 5T4 negative SK-CO-1 cells in the coculture systems when compared to 5T4-GGFG-DXd, although all of which showed efficient and comparable cytotoxicity to 5T4 positive MDA-MB-468 cells. In contrast, all 5T4 ADCs did not showed any killing effect on 5T4 negative SK-CO-1 cells in the absence of 5T4 positive MDA-MB-468 cells in the culture system.
[0349] Besides, ZsGreen1-positive 5T4-expressing PC-9 cells (2000 cells / well) were cocultured with human 5T4 negative NCI-H522 or SK-CO-1 cells (4000 or 2000 cells / well) to evaluate the bystander killing effect of 5T4-ADCs.
[0350] As shown in FIGS. 16A-B, the tested 5T4 ADCs showed superior bystander killing on 5T4 negative cells in the coculture systems when compared to 5T4-GGFG-DXd although all of which showed efficient and comparable cytotoxicity to 5T4 positive PC-9 cells. In contrast, all 5T4 ADCs did not showed any killing effect on 5T4 negative cells in the absence of 5T4 positive PC-9 cells in the culture system. These data collectively demonstrated efficient bystander killing effect of 5T4 ADCs. Example 8. In vivo anti-tumor activities of 5T4 ADCs
[0351] This example characterized the in vivo anti-tumor activity of different linker-payload conjugated 5T4 ADCs in cell line-derived xenograft (CDX) mice models. 8.1 In vivo anti-tumor efficacy of 5T4 ADCs in CDX mice models
[0352] To this end, NSCLC cancer cell line NCI-H1975 cells was explored to construct a CDX mice model.
[0353] NCI-H1975 cells (2×106) were resuspended in DPBS and mixed with Matrigel ( Cat. No. 356234) at 1: 1 ratio followed by implantation subcutaneously into BALB / c Nude female mice. When the tumor volume (TV) reached around 180 mm3, mice were grouped (n=4 mice / group) and simultaneously administered with a single dose of 6 mg / kg 5T4 ADCs intravenously at day 0, with the vehicle group as the non-treatment control. Tumor volume defined as 0.5× length × width2 was measured three times a week. TGI (%) was calculated as follows: TGI (%) = [1- (mean of tumor volume change of treatment group on evaluation day) / (mean of tumor volume change of control group on evaluation day) ] × 100. Relative change of body weight (%) (RCBW) was calculated as follows: RCBW (%) = (BWi -BW0) / BW0×100, BWi is the average body weight on the evaluation day and BW0 is the average body weight at the starting dose.
[0354] As shown in FIG. 17A, and Table 9A, 5T4-L3P1 and 5T4-L4P1 exhibited robust tumor growth inhibition with the TGI at 102.6 %and 98.97 %respectively on day 13 after treatment when compared with vehicle group. More importantly, 5T4-L3P1 (TGI: 102.6 %) and 5T4-L4P1 (TGI: 98.97 %) displayed significantly superior anti-tumor efficacy to 5T4-GGFG-DXd (TGI: 88.18%) on day 13 and this trend continually maintained until the end of the study at day 18.5T4-L3P1 (TGI: 102.6 %) even exhibited a superior anti-tumor efficacy to 5T4-L4P1 (TGI: 98.97 %) . On the contrary, similar with previous in vivo study in Example 4.2, non-binding L3P1 and non-binding L4P1 did not show any tumor growth inhibition in this CDX model, indicating the stability of the linker-payload and the minimal the premature payload release in vivo. In addition, no body weight loss was observed in all the treatment groups until the end of the study (FIG. 17B) , indicating no systemic toxicity mediated by the 5T4 ADC treatment. These data collectively demonstrated the excellent anti-tumor efficacy of L3P1 and L4P1 conjugated 5T4 ADCs in NSCLC CDX mice model. Table 9A. in vivo eficacy of 5T4-ADCs on NSCLC CDX
[0355] As shown in FIG. 18A and Table 9B, all tested 5T4 ADCs exhibited robust tumor growth inhibition after treatment when compared with vehicle group. In addition, no body weight loss was observed in all the treatment groups until the end of the study (FIG. 18B) , indicating no systemic toxicity mediated by the 5T4 ADC treatment. These data collectively demonstrated the excellent anti-tumor efficacy of L3P1 (DAR4) and L7P1 (DAR4) conjugated 5T4 ADCs in NSCLCCDX mice model. Table 9B. in vivo eficacy of 5T4-ADCs on NSCLC CDX ***
[0356] The present disclosure is not to be limited in scope by the specific embodiments described which are intended as single illustrations of individual aspects of the disclosure, and any compositions or methods which are functionally equivalent are within the scope of this disclosure. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the methods and compositions of the present disclosure without departing from the spirit or scope of the disclosure. Thus, it is intended that the present disclosure cover the modifications and variations of this disclosure provided they come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.
[0357] All publications and patent applications mentioned in this specification are herein incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference.
Claims
A compound of Formula II:or stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, whereinL is SpP-L3-L2;SpP is a spacer precursor;each occurrence of “-” is independently a bond;L3 is an optionally substituted C1-6 alkylene-CO, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenylene-CO, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynylene-CO, or optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkylene-CO;L2 is a divalent tetrapeptide residue;Z iseach R1 is independently H or C1-3 alkyl,y is an integer between 5 and 15; andq is an integer between 5 and 10.The compound of claim 1, having a structure according to Formula II-a:or stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.The compound of claim 1, having a structure according to Formula II-b:or stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.The compound of claim 1, having a structure according to Formula II-c:or stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.A compound of Formula V:or stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, whereinD is a drug moiety, optionally wherein the drug moiety is an Exatecan moiety or an analog thereof;L is SpP-L3-L2;each occurrence of “-” is independently a bond;SpP is a spacer precursor;L3 is an optionally substituted C1-6 alkylene-CO, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenylene-CO, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynylene-CO, or optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkylene-CO;L2 is a divalent tetrapeptide residue;Z iseach R1 is independently H or C1-3 alkyl,y is an integer between 5 and 15; andq is an integer between 5 and 10.The compound of claim 5, having a structure according to Formula V-a:or stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.The compound of claim 5, having a structure according to Formula V-b:or stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.The compound of claim 5, having a structure according to Formula V-c:or stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.The compound of any one of the preceding claims, wherein Z isand R1 is H.The compound of any one of claims 1-8, wherein Z isR1 is CH3, and y is 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10.The compound of claim 10, wherein y is 5, 7, or 10.The compound of any one of claims 1-8, wherein Z isand q is 10.The compound of any one of the preceding claims, wherein SpP-L3 isThe compound of claim 13, wherein SpP-L3 isThe compound of claim 13, wherein SpP-L3 isThe compound of any one of the preceding claims, wherein L2 iswherein the *bond is attached to L3.The compound of any one of claims 1-13 and 16, wherein SpP-L3-L2 isThe compound of claim 17, wherein SpP-L3-L2 isThe compound of claim 17, wherein SpP-L3-L2 isThe compound of claim 1 or 5, wherein the compound is selected from:or stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.A conjugate of Formula I-a:or stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, whereinm is 1 to 20;D is Exatecan;each L’ is independently -Sp-L3-L2-L1-, wherein:Sp is a spacer;each occurrence of “-” is independently a bond;L3 is an optionally substituted C1-6 alkylene-CO, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenylene-CO, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynylene-CO, or optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkylene-CO;L2 is a divalent tetrapeptide residue;L1 is selected from:wherein the *bond is attached to D; andY is the target-binding moiety, optionally wherein the target-binding moiety is an antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof.A conjugate of Formula I-b:or stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, whereinm is 1 to 20;each L is independently Sp-L3-L2, wherein:Sp is a spacer;each occurrence of “-” is independently a bond;L3 is an optionally substituted C1-6 alkylene-CO, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenylene-CO, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynylene-CO, or optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkylene-CO;L2 is a divalent tetrapeptide residue;Z iseach R1 is independently H or C1-3 alkyl,y is an integer between 5 and 15;q is an integer between 5 and 10;Y is the target-binding moiety, optionally wherein the target-binding moiety is an antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof.The conjugate of claim 22, having a structure according to Formula I-b1:or stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.The conjugate of claim 22, having a structure according to Formula I-b2:or stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.The conjugate of claim 22, having a structure according to Formula I-b3:or stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.The conjugate of any one of claims 22-25, wherein Z isand R1 is H.The conjugate of any one of claims 22-25, wherein Z isR1 is CH3, and y is 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10.The conjugate of claim 27, wherein y is 5, 7, or 10.The conjugate of any one of claims 22-25, wherein Z isand q is 10.The conjugate of any one of claims 22-29, wherein Sp-L3 iswherein the *bond is attached to Y.The conjugate of claim 30, wherein Sp-L3 iswherein the *bond is attached to Y.The conjugate of claim 30, wherein Sp-L3 iswherein the *bond is attached to Y.The conjugate of any one of claims 22-32, wherein L2 iswherein the *bond is attached to L3.The conjugate of any one of claims 22-30 and 33, wherein Sp-L3-L2 iswherein the *bond is attached to Y.The conjugate of claim 34, wherein Sp-L3-L2 iswherein the *bond is attached to Y.The conjugate of claim 34, wherein Sp-L3-L2 iswherein the *bond is attached to Y.A conjugate selected from:or stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein m is 1 to 20.A pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of any one of claims 1-20, or a stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a conjugate of any one of claims 21-37, or a stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.A method for treating cancer in a patient in need thereof, comprising administering to said patient a therapeutically acceptable amount of the compound of any one of claims 1-20, or a stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a conjugate of any one of claims 21-37, or a stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 38.A method for treating, preventing, or inhibiting tumor growth in a patient in need thereof, comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically acceptable amount of the compound of any one of claims 1-21, or a conjugate of any one of claims 21-37, or a stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 38.
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