A system and a method for dual-source sustainable energy production in a vehicle

Abstract

A system (100) for dual-source sustainable energy production in a vehicle (105) is disclosed A slidable solar panel (110) placed on a rooftop of the vehicle convert solar energy into electrical energy. The slidable solar panel includes a plurality of wheels (145) drag the slidable solar panel over a boot space of the vehicle for ensuring standard roof functionality. A plurality of wind fans (115) including a plurality of wind blades (120) capture the wind energy for converting into mechanical energy and at least two generators (130a, 130b) convert the mechanical energy into electrical energy. An energy storage unit (135) store electricity produced from the slidable solar panel and the plurality of wind fans to extend the driving range. A solar inverter (140) converts electrical energy stored into alternating current for use by the vehicle.

Description

[0001] A SYSTEM AND A METHOD FOR DUAL-SOURCE SUSTAINABLE

[0002] ENERGY PRODUCTION IN A VEHICLE

[0003] EARLIEST PRIORITY DATE

[0004] This Application claims priority from a complete patent application filed in India having Patent Application No. 202421062414 filed on 16th day of August 2024 and titled A SYSTEM AND A METHOD FOR DUAL-SOURCE SUSTAINABLE ENERGY PRODUCTION IN AVEHICLE.

[0005] FIELD OF INVENTION

[0006] Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to the field of renewable energy systems, and more particularly, a system and a method for dual-source sustainable energy production in a vehicle.

[0007] BACKGROUND

[0008] Sustainable energy refers to energy that meets the needs of current generations without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It involves utilizing clean and renewable sources of energy, rather than sources that can be depleted. Sustainable energy also aims to minimize environmental harm, reduce climate change, and be cost-effective over the long term. While there are costs associated with developing and implementing sustainable energy technologies, the energy sources themselves, such as wind, solar, and water (hydropower), are typically free.

[0009] The importance of saving energy in vehicles cannot be overstated. Efficient energy use in vehicles leads to reduced fuel consumption, lower emissions, and overall cost savings. By aligning with the principles of sustainable energy, optimizing energy use in vehicles contributes significantly to environmental preservation and resource efficiency.

[0010] However, the current system for energy utilization in vehicles is sometimes inefficient. A considerable amount of energy is wasted while a vehicle is in motion or stationery. For example, when a vehicle is moving, the wind generated by its motion is an untapped resource of kinetic energy that simply scatters into the atmosphere. Similarly, solar energy, one of the most abundant renewable energy sources, often goes unutilized when a vehicle is stationary or in motion. Vehicles exposed to sunlight, especially when parked, may absorb substantial amounts of solar energy. However, without appropriate systems to capture and convert this energy, it remains a missed opportunity.

[0011] Hence, there is a need for an improved system and a method for dual-source sustainable energy production in a vehicle which addresses the aforementioned issue(s).

[0012] OBJECTIVES OF INVENTION

[0013] The primary objective of the invention is to develop a hybrid system that effectively captures and utilizes both solar and wind energy to enhance the vehicle’s energy efficiency. This is achieved by integrating a slidable solar panel that is moved over a boot space and locked at a predefined angle, regardless of whether the vehicle is stationary or moving, along with a plurality of wind fans that convert wind energy into electrical energy while the vehicle is in motion.

[0014] Another objective of the invention is to integrate an energy storage unit to store electricity produced from the slidable solar panel and the plurality of wind fans. The stored energy contributes to a longer driving range and reduced reliance on external charging sources. Yet another objective of the invention is to integrate at least two generators on both sides of a wind fan shaft to harness wind energy generated by the vehicle’s motion.

[0015] Yet another objective of the invention is to generate alternating current (AC) voltage that can be used directly or stored for later use, thereby enhancing the vehicle's overall energy efficiency.

[0016] BRIEF DESCRIPTION

[0017] In accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure, a system for dual-source sustainable energy production in a vehicle is provided. The system includes a slidable solar panel placed on a rooftop of the vehicle. The slidable solar panel is adapted to convert solar energy into electrical energy. The slidable solar panel includes a plurality of wheels adapted to drag the slidable solar panel over a boot space of the vehicle and is locked at a predefined angle for ensuring standard roof functionality. The system includes a plurality of wind fans positioned above a windshield of the vehicle. The plurality of wind fans is driven by wind energy. The plurality of wind fans includes a plurality of wind blades mounted on a wind fan shaft. The plurality of wind blades is adapted to capture the wind energy for converting into mechanical energy as the vehicle moves. The plurality of wind fans includes at least two generators positioned on lateral sides of the wind fan shaft. The at least two generators are adapted to convert the mechanical energy produced by the plurality of wind blades into electrical energy. The system includes an energy storage unit positioned in a boot of the vehicle and electrically connected to the slidable solar panel and the plurality of wind fans. The energy storage unit is adapted to store electricity produced from at least one of the slidable solar panel and the plurality of wind fans to extend driving range of the vehicle. The system includes a solar inverter connected to the energy storage unit. The solar inverter is adapted to convert electrical energy stored into alternating current for use by the vehicle. In accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure, a method for dualsource sustainable energy production in a vehicle is provided. The method includes converting, by a slidable solar panel placed on a rooftop of the vehicle, solar energy into electrical energy. The slidable solar panel includes a plurality of wheels adapted to drag the slidable solar panel over a boot space of the vehicle and is locked at a predefined angle for ensuring standard roof functionality. The method includes capturing, by a plurality of wind blades of a plurality of wind fans, wind energy for converting into mechanical energy as the vehicle moves. The method includes converting, by at least two generators of the plurality of wind fans, the mechanical energy produced by the plurality of wind blades into electrical energy. The method includes storing, by an energy storage unit, electricity produced from at least one of the slidable solar panel and the plurality of wind fans to extend the driving range of the vehicle. The method includes converting, by a solar inverter, electrical energy stored into alternating current for use by the vehicle.

[0018] To further clarify the advantages and features of the present disclosure, a more particular description of the disclosure will follow by reference to specific embodiments thereof, which are illustrated in the appended figures. It is to be appreciated that these figures depict only typical embodiments of the disclosure and are therefore not to be considered limiting in scope. The disclosure will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail with the appended figures.

[0019] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] The disclosure will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail with the accompanying figures in which:

[0021] FIG. 1(a) is a schematic top view of a system for dual-source sustainable energy production in a vehicle in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; FIG. 1(b) is a schematic front view of a system for dual-source sustainable energy production in a vehicle in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; and

[0022] FIG. 1(c) is a schematic side view of a system for dual-source sustainable energy production in a vehicle in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; and

[0023] FIG. 2 illustrates a flow chart representing the steps involved in a method for dualsource sustainable energy production in a vehicle in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] Further, those skilled in the art will appreciate that elements in the figures are illustrated for simplicity and may not have necessarily been drawn to scale. Furthermore, in terms of the construction of the device, one or more components of the device may have been represented in the figures by conventional symbols, and the figures may show only those specific details that are pertinent to understanding the embodiments of the present disclosure so as not to obscure the figures with details that will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art having the benefit of the description herein.

[0025] DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] For the purpose of promoting an understanding of the principles of the disclosure, reference will now be made to the embodiment illustrated in the figures and specific language will be used to describe them. It will nevertheless be understood that no limitation of the scope of the disclosure is thereby intended. Such alterations and further modifications in the illustrated system, and such further applications of the principles of the disclosure as would normally occur to those skilled in the art are to be construed as being within the scope of the present disclosure. The terms “comprises”, “comprising”, or any other variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process or method that comprises a list of steps does not include only those steps but may include other steps not expressly listed or inherent to such a process or method. Similarly, one or more devices or subsystems or elements or structures or components preceded by "comprises... a" does not, without more constraints, preclude the existence of other devices, sub-systems, elements, structures, components, additional devices, additional sub-systems, additional elements, additional structures or additional components. Appearances of the phrase "in an embodiment", "in another embodiment" and similar language throughout this specification may, but not necessarily do, all refer to the same embodiment.

[0027] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this disclosure belongs. The system, methods, and examples provided herein are only illustrative and not intended to be limiting.

[0028] In the following specification and the claims, reference will be made to a number of terms, which shall be defined to have the following meanings. The singular forms “a”, “an”, and “the” include plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

[0029] Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a system for dual-source sustainable energy production in a vehicle. The system includes a slidable solar panel placed on a rooftop of the vehicle. The slidable solar panel is adapted to convert solar energy into electrical energy. The slidable solar panel includes a plurality of wheels adapted to drag the slidable solar panel over a boot space of the vehicle and is locked at a predefined angle for ensuring standard roof functionality. The system includes a plurality of wind fans positioned above a windshield of the vehicle. The plurality of wind fans is driven by wind energy. The plurality of wind fans includes a plurality of wind blades mounted on a wind fan shaft. The plurality of wind blades is adapted to capture the wind energy for converting into mechanical energy as the vehicle moves. The plurality of wind fans includes at least two generators positioned on lateral sides of the wind fan shaft. The at least two generators are adapted to convert the mechanical energy produced by the plurality of wind blades into electrical energy. The system includes an energy storage unit positioned in a boot of the vehicle and electrically connected to the slidable solar panel and the plurality of wind fans. The energy storage unit is adapted to store electricity produced from at least one of the slidable solar panel and the plurality of wind fans to extend driving range of the vehicle. The system includes a solar inverter connected to the energy storage unit. The solar inverter is adapted to convert electrical energy stored into alternating current for use by the vehicle.

[0030] FIG. 1(a) is a schematic top view of a system (100) for dual-source sustainable energy production in a vehicle (105) in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 1(b) is a schematic front view of the system (100) for dual-source sustainable energy production in the vehicle (105) in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 1(c) is a schematic side view of the system (100) for dual-source sustainable energy production in the vehicle (105) in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. The system (100) includes a slidable solar panel (110) placed on a rooftop of the vehicle (105). FIG. 1(a) illustrates the slidable solar panel (110) on the rooftop of the vehicle (105). The vehicle (105) is one of electric vehicle and a conventional internal combustion engine vehicle. Examples of the vehicle includes, but are not limited to, cars, sports utility vehicles (SUVs), vans, trucks, passenger buses, passenger and goods train wagons, and the like.

[0031] The slidable solar panel (110) is equipped with a plurality of wheels (145) to drag the slidable solar panel (110) over a boot space of the vehicle (105) and is locked at a predefined angle.

[0032] In an embodiment, the plurality of wheels (145) are strategically mounted along the edges of the slidable solar panel (110) to facilitate smooth movement and stable locking. It must be noted that, the plurality of wheels (145) on the slidable solar panel (110) are made of a low-friction material to facilitate easy sliding over the boot space.

[0033] The slidable solar panel (110) ensures that standard roof functionalities include but not limited to transporting items, improving ventilation at lower speeds and the like. The plurality of wheels (145) uses a sliding mechanism that operated either manually or automatically, allows the slidable solar panel (110) to move horizontally and is locked at a predefined angle. The predefined angle is optimized to avoid interference with other vehicle's operation or with nearby objects, including buildings, pedestrians and the like.

[0034] In one embodiment, the slidable solar panel (110), which can be moved or adjusted, does not need to be extended if there is no luggage on the roof of the vehicle or otherwise. Additionally, the slidable solar panel (110) is free to move horizontally, both left-right and front-back.

[0035] In one embodiment, the preterminal angle is carefully chosen to ensure maximum exposure to sunlight and enhance its ability to capture solar energy efficiently, regardless of the vehicle’s position or movement.

[0036] The slidable solar panel (110) is adapted to convert solar energy into electrical energy. The slidable solar panel (110) is composed of photovoltaic (PV) cells, which are made from semiconductor materials such as silicon. When sunlight strikes the surface of the PV cells, it excites the electrons in the semiconductor material, creating an electric field across the layers of the PV cell, which generates direct current (DC) electricity. This process is known as photovoltaic effect.

[0037] The system (100) includes a plurality of wind fans (115) positioned above a windshield of the vehicle (105). FIG. 1(b) illustrate the plurality of wind fans (115). The plurality of wind fans (115) is driven by wind energy. The plurality of wind fans (115) includes a plurality of wind blades (120) mounted on a wind fan shaft (125). As the vehicle (105) moves, air flows through the plurality of wind fans (115), causing the plurality of wind blades (120) to rotate, thereby converting wind energy into mechanical energy, which is then transferred to the wind fan shaft (125). The wind fan shaft (125) is the axis on which the plurality of wind blades (120) rotates.

[0038] The plurality of wind fans (115) includes at least two generators (130a, 130b) positioned on lateral sides of the wind fan shaft (125). The at least two generators (130a, 130b) are adapted to convert the mechanical energy produced by the plurality of wind blades (120) into electrical energy. The electrical energy is typically alternating current (AC), which may be used directly by the vehicle (105) if it is electric vehicle, or to power various electrical systems in both conventional internal combustion engine vehicles and electric vehicles.

[0039] The system (100) includes an energy storage unit (135) positioned in a boot of the vehicle (105) and electrically connected to the slidable solar panel (110) and the plurality of wind fans (115). FIG. 1(c) illustrate the positioning of the energy unit in the boot of the vehicle (105). The energy storage unit (135) is installed in the boot of the vehicle (105) to utilize available space efficiently and provide easy access for maintenance or replacement. The energy storage unit (135) is adapted to store electricity produced from at least one of the slidable solar panel (110) and the plurality of wind fans (115) to extend driving range of the vehicle (105). Direct current from the slidable solar panel (110) is stored in the energy storage unit (135).

[0040] It must be noted that the alternating current from the plurality of wind fans (115) converted to direct current (DC) for storage in the energy storage unit (135).

[0041] In one embodiment, the energy storage unit (135) is a lithium-ion battery of the vehicle (105). Lithium-ion batteries are currently the most widely used rechargeable battery technology, commonly found in everyday devices such as mobile phones and electric vehicles. The Lithium-ion batteries consist of one or more lithium-ion cells and include a protective circuit board to ensure safe operation. Lithium-ion batteries operate using direct current (DC), which is produced through chemical reactions occurring within the battery cells.

[0042] It must be noted that other types of batteries including Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH) Batteries, Lead-Acid Batteries, and the like may be used as the energy storage unit (135). The choice of battery type is ultimately determined by the skilled professional based on specific industrial requirements.

[0043] The system (100) includes a solar inverter (140) connected to the energy storage unit (135). The solar inverter (140) is adapted to convert electrical energy stored into alternating current for use by the vehicle (105). The solar inverter (140) converts the direct current (DC) electrical energy stored in the energy storage unit (135) into alternating current (AC). This conversion is important because many electrical systems and components in vehicles operate on AC rather than DC.

[0044] It must be noted that, the solar inverter (140) converts the DC electricity generated directly by the slidable solar panel (110) into alternating current (AC) for use by the vehicle (105). The solar inverter (140) handle DC from both the slidable solar panel (110) and the energy storage unit (135).

[0045] As the system (100) harnesses electricity from both solar and wind energy sources, it represents a dual-source sustainable energy production. Both solar and wind energy are inherently sustainable, contributing to the system (100)’s overall efficiency and environmental benefits.

[0046] Let's consider an example where a car is parked on a ground. The car is equipped with the system for dual-source sustainable energy production, including slidable solar panel and the plurality of wind fans. When the car is stationary, the slidable solar panel, mounted on the rooftop, captures the sunlight and converts it into electricity. The slidable solar panel is kept over the boot space when moving because a user want to keep a few things on the rooftop. In addition, while the car is parked, the plurality of wind fans positioned above the windshield are not actively harnessing wind energy because the car is not in motion. However, as the car moves, air flows through the plurality of wind fans, causing their plurality of blades to rotate. This rotation generates mechanical energy, which is then converted into electrical energy by the generators mounted on the wind fan shaft. The electrical energy produced by both the solar panel and the wind fans is directed to the energy storage unit located in the boot of the vehicle. This energy storage unit is a lithium-ion battery which stores the electricity generated from both sources. As a result, the stored energy extends the driving range of the vehicle and reduces the need for frequent external charging. The system also includes the solar inverter that converts the direct current (DC) electricity stored in the battery into alternating current (AC) electricity, which can be used to power the vehicle's electrical systems or other devices.

[0047] FIG. 2 illustrates a flow chart representing the steps involved in a method (200) for dual-source sustainable energy production in a vehicle in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. The method (200) includes converting, by a slidable solar panel placed on a rooftop of the vehicle, solar energy into electrical energy. The slidable solar panel includes a plurality of wheels adapted to drag the slidable solar panel over a boot space of the vehicle and is locked at a predefined angle for ensuring standard roof functionality in step 205. The vehicle is one of electric vehicle and a conventional internal combustion engine vehicle. Examples of the vehicle includes but not limited to cars, sports utility vehicles (SUVs), vans, trucks, passenger buses, passenger and goods train wagons, and the like.

[0048] The slidable solar panel ensures that standard roof functionalities include but not limited to transporting items, improving ventilation at lower speeds and the like. The plurality of wheels uses a sliding mechanism that operated either manually or automatically, allows the slidable solar panel to move horizontally and is locked at a predefined angle.

[0049] In one embodiment, the slidable solar panel, which can be moved or adjusted, does not need to be extended if there is no luggage on the roof of the vehicle or otherwise. Additionally, the slidable solar panel is free to move horizontally, both left-right and front-back.

[0050] The slidable solar panel is adapted to convert solar energy into electrical energy. The slidable solar panel is composed of photovoltaic (PV) cells, which are made from semiconductor materials such as silicon. When sunlight strikes the surface of the PV cells, it excites the electrons in the semiconductor material, creating an electric field across the layers of the PV cell, which generates direct current (DC) electricity. This process is known as photovoltaic effect.

[0051] The method (200) includes capturing, by a plurality of wind blades of a plurality of wind fans, wind energy for converting into mechanical energy as the vehicle moves in step 210. As the vehicle moves, air flows through the plurality of wind fans, causing the plurality of wind blades to rotate, thereby converting wind energy into mechanical energy, which is then transferred to the wind fan shaft. The wind fan shaft is the axis on which the plurality of wind blades rotates.

[0052] The method (200) includes converting, by at least two generators of the plurality of wind fans, the mechanical energy produced by the plurality of wind blades into electrical energy in step 215. The electrical energy is typically alternating current (AC), which may be used directly by the vehicle if it is electric vehicle, or to power various electrical systems in both conventional internal combustion engine vehicles and electric vehicles.

[0053] The method (200) includes storing, by an energy storage unit, electricity produced from at least one of the slidable solar panel and the plurality of wind fans to extend the driving range of the vehicle in step 220. Direct current from the slidable solar panel is stored in the energy storage unit.

[0054] It must be noted that the alternating current from the plurality of wind fans converted to direct current (DC) for storage in the energy storage unit.

[0055] In one embodiment, the energy storage unit is a lithium-ion batteries of the vehicle. Lithium-ion batteries are currently the most widely used rechargeable battery technology, commonly found in everyday devices such as mobile phones and electric vehicles.

[0056] The method (200) includes converting, by a solar inverter, electrical energy stored into alternating current for use by the vehicle in step 225. The solar inverter converts the direct current (DC) electrical energy stored in the energy storage unit into alternating current (AC). This conversion is important because many electrical systems and components in vehicles operate on AC rather than DC.

[0057] It must be noted that, the solar inverter converts the DC electricity generated directly by the slidable solar panels into alternating current (AC) for use by the vehicle. The solar inverter handle DC from both the slidable solar panels and the energy storage unit.

[0058] As the method (200) harnesses electricity from both solar and wind energy sources, it represents a dual-source sustainable energy production. Both solar and wind energy are inherently sustainable, contributing to the system’s overall efficiency and environmental benefits.

[0059] Various embodiments of the system and method system for dual-source sustainable energy production in a vehicle as described above offer numerous advantages. By effectively capturing and utilizing both solar and wind energy, the system enhances the vehicle’s energy efficiency and reduces dependence on external charging sources. The integration of the slidable solar panel and the plurality of wind fans ensures that energy can be harnessed both when stationary and in motion. The energy storage unit extends the vehicle's driving range. Additionally, the generation of alternating current (AC) voltage provides flexibility in powering various vehicle components. Overall, these advancements contribute to reduced environmental impact, improved vehicle performance, and greater convenience for users.

[0060] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory of the disclosure and are not intended to be restrictive thereof.

[0061] While specific language has been used to describe the disclosure, any limitations arising on account of the same are not intended. As would be apparent to a person skilled in the art, various working modifications may be made to the method in order to implement the inventive concept as taught herein.

[0062] The figures and the foregoing description give examples of embodiments. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that one or more of the described elements may well be combined into a single functional element. Alternatively, certain elements may be split into multiple functional elements. Elements from one embodiment may be added to another embodiment. For example, the order of processes described herein may be changed and are not limited to the manner described herein. Moreover, the actions of any flow diagram need not be implemented in the order shown; nor do all of the acts need to be necessarily performed. Also, those acts that are not dependent on other acts may be performed in parallel with the other acts. The scope of embodiments is by no means limited by these specific examples.

Claims

I CLAIM:

1. A system (100) for dual-source sustainable energy production in a vehicle (105), comprising: characterized in that, a slidable solar panel (110) placed on a rooftop of the vehicle (105), wherein the slidable solar panel (110) is adapted to convert solar energy into electrical energy, wherein the slidable solar panel (110) comprises a plurality of wheels (145) adapted to drag the slidable solar panel (110) over a boot space of the vehicle (105) and is locked at a predefined angle for ensuring standard roof functionality; a plurality of wind fans (115) positioned above a windshield of the vehicle (105), wherein the plurality of wind fans (115) is driven by wind energy, wherein the plurality of wind fans (115) comprises: a plurality of wind blades (120) mounted on a wind fan shaft (125), wherein the plurality of wind blades (120) is adapted to capture the wind energy for converting into mechanical energy as the vehicle (105) moves; and at least two generators (130a, 130b) positioned on lateral sides of the wind fan shaft (125), wherein the at least two generators (130a, 130b) are adapted to convert the mechanical energy produced by the plurality of wind blades (120) into electrical energy; an energy storage unit (135) positioned in a boot of the vehicle (105) and electrically connected to the slidable solar panel (110) and the plurality of wind fans (115), wherein the energy storage unit (135) is adapted to store electricity produced from at least one of the slidable solar panel (110) and the plurality of wind fans (115) to extend driving range of the vehicle (105); anda solar inverter (140) connected to the energy storage unit (135), wherein the solar inverter (140) is adapted to convert electrical energy stored into alternating current for use by the vehicle (105).

2. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the vehicle (105) is one of electric vehicle and a conventional internal combustion engine vehicle.

3. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the slidable solar panel (110) captures solar energy both when the vehicle (105) is in motion and when in stationary.

4. The system (100) as claimed in claiml, wherein the energy storage unit (135) is a lithium-ion batteries of the vehicle (105).

5. The system (100) as claimed in claiml, wherein the slidable solar panel (110) is moveable manually or automatically over the boot space of the vehicle (105).

6. The system (100) as claimed in claiml, wherein the plurality of wheels (145) on the slidable solar panel (110) are made of a low-friction material to facilitate easy sliding over the boot space.

7. A method (200) for dual-source sustainable energy production in a vehicle, comprising: characterized in that, converting, by a slidable solar panel placed on a rooftop of the vehicle, solar energy into electrical energy, wherein the slidable solar panel comprises a plurality of wheels adapted to drag the slidable solar panel over a boot space of the vehicle and is locked at a predefined angle for ensuring standard roof functionality; (205) capturing, by a plurality of wind blades of a plurality of wind fans, wind energy for converting into mechanical energy as the vehicle moves; (210)converting, by at least two generators of the plurality of wind fans, the mechanical energy produced by the plurality of wind blades into electrical energy; (215) storing, by an energy storage unit, electricity produced from at least one of the slidable solar panel and the plurality of wind fans to extend driving range of the vehicle; and (220) converting, by a solar inverter, electrical energy stored into alternating current for use by the vehicle. (225)

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