Methods for manufacturing biodegradable and eco-friendly mulching agent for soil and flowerpots, biodegradable coffin, and biodegradable cinerary urn using mushroom mycelium, and biodegradable and eco-friendly mulching agent, biodegradable coffin, and biodegradable cinerary urn manufactured thereby

Abstract

The present invention relates methods for manufacturing a biodegradable and eco-friendly mulching agent for soil and flowerpots, a biodegradable coffin, and a biodegradable cinerary urn, the methods using mushroom mycelium growth, and a biodegradable and eco-friendly mulching agent, a biodegradable coffin, and a biodegradable cinerary urn manufactured thereby. The biodegradable and eco-friendly mulching agent for soil and flowerpots is completely biodegradable and exhibits excellent viscosity, thus being highly suitable for being molded into and used as a mulching agent for soil and flowerpots, and can reduce post-treatment costs and steps and mitigate environmental pollution. The biodegradable and eco-friendly coffin and cinerary urn is biodegradable and exhibits excellent physical properties such as strength and air permeability, thus being suitable for use in forms of burial such as tree burials or pot burials for companion animals.

Description

Method for manufacturing biodegradable, eco-friendly mulching agent for soil and flower pots using mushroom mycelia, and biodegradable coffins and urns manufactured thereby, and biodegradable, eco-friendly mulching agent and biodegradable coffins and urns manufactured thereby

[0001] The present invention relates to a biodegradable, eco-friendly mulching agent for soil and flower pots using mushroom mycelia growth, a method for manufacturing a biodegradable coffin and urn, and a biodegradable, eco-friendly mulching agent and a biodegradable coffin and urn manufactured thereby, and more particularly, to a biodegradable, eco-friendly mulching agent which is completely biodegradable and has excellent viscosity, and is therefore highly suitable for use as a mulching agent for soil and flower pots, and which can reduce post-treatment costs and steps and improve environmental pollution, and a method for manufacturing a biodegradable, eco-friendly coffin and urn, which is completely biodegradable and has excellent properties such as strength and breathability, and is therefore suitable for use in landfills such as tree burials and flower burials for companion animals, and a biodegradable, eco-friendly mulching agent and a biodegradable, eco-friendly coffin and urn manufactured thereby.

[0002] As the supply of raw materials for petroleum-based synthetic plastics becomes increasingly limited and the environmental pollution caused by waste plastics becomes increasingly serious, the development of biodegradable alternatives using eco-friendly materials is becoming increasingly necessary.

[0003] Biodegradable alternatives are durable, stable over long periods under normal usage conditions, and, under certain conditions, decompose in aquatic and soil environments through the action of microorganisms. Furthermore, like traditional plastics, they are recyclable. The carbon dioxide produced during decomposition can be absorbed by the plants that serve as the starting material for growth, enabling biorecycling. Therefore, they are attracting attention as a sustainable, circular materials production system that can address resource shortages.

[0004] Petroleum-based plastic packaging is commonly used today for storing and packaging goods. However, these plastics take a long time to decompose in the soil and cause various environmental pollution during the process, which negatively impacts human health. Therefore, the development of eco-friendly alternatives is essential.

[0005] Mulching refers to covering the surface of the soil with straw, barley straw, plastic, etc. to prevent drying out of the soil, fertilizer loss, pest damage, and weeds when growing crops. Mulching is performed to suppress ground temperature rise, suppress weed growth, prevent soil erosion, and maintain soil moisture. In flower pots, it is also performed to improve the appearance, prevent bacterial and fungal infections through soil that gets on the leaves through splashing water, and prevent soil drying out and thus protect against drought damage.

[0006] Conventional mulching methods primarily use plastic mulching. While mechanical plastic mulching allows for large volumes of mulch to be processed simultaneously, it requires the hassle of re-collecting the material after harvest. Furthermore, plastic can become damaged and tear during use, making it impossible to reinstall. Furthermore, some of the material can form clumps with soil, which can lead to further loss upon removal. Collected plastic cannot be recycled and becomes agricultural waste. It's often burned, which is detrimental to the environment.

[0007] Mulching, a method of suppressing weeds with weeds, requires a sufficient amount of grass. However, it also requires the hassle of separately bringing and installing materials such as rice straw. Indoors, other options include bark, sand, volcanic rock, and sphagnum moss. Bark is produced through a composting process, which can lead to salt accumulation and nitrogen starvation. Furthermore, allelopathic substances found in coniferous plants, such as tannins, may not be removed, which can cause problems. Volcanic rock dries faster than potting soil and can increase the weight of the pot. Sphagnum moss, if overused, can cause green algae and mold growth on the surface, which is unsightly.

[0008] Furthermore, to be used as a spreading mulch, it must be molded into a consistent size, even if it is uneven. However, conventional methods of producing small-sized mulches required a large number of molds, which was cumbersome. Therefore, a mulch with viscosity that could be molded into a consistent shape without a mold and easily shaped into small pieces using a piping bag or similar device was required.

[0009] The number of funerals in Korea that utilize cremation or burial in trees is increasing. Cremation coffins, particularly paulownia wood coffins, are currently imported entirely from China and other countries. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, a shortage of cremation coffins has led to some people resorting to plywood coffins. This unstable supply, relying on imports, has led to problems during funerals.

[0010] Due to shifts in cultural and social perceptions, companion animals are no longer simply animals, but are increasingly recognized as members of the family. The rise of single-person households in Korea, coupled with the preference for companion animals for emotional support and other reasons, has led to a further increase in the number of households with pets. A recent survey revealed that over 25% of households nationwide own a companion animal, representing a population of over 10 million. This number is showing a significant annual increase. This also reflects a growing demand for companion animal products and services.

[0011] While caring for pets during their lifetime is important, diversity is also being introduced in funeral arrangements. Dedicated funeral homes are emerging to help families bid farewell to their pets. Some even cremate their remains and store them in urns or create jewelry. Some even memorialize their pets with tree burials or flower burials.

[0012] However, these coffins and urns are generally made of materials that are not recyclable or biodegradable, so cremation or burial can cause environmental pollution, and if materials that depend on imports are used, there is the problem of unstable supply.

[0013] Accordingly, the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a biodegradable, eco-friendly mulching agent that is completely biodegradable and has excellent viscosity, making it very suitable for use as a mulching agent for soil and flower pots, and reducing post-treatment costs and steps and improving environmental pollution.

[0014] Another problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a biodegradable, eco-friendly mulching agent manufactured by the above method.

[0015] Another problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a biodegradable, eco-friendly coffin and urn suitable for use in landfills such as tree burials and flower pot burials for companion animals, etc., because it is completely biodegradable and has excellent properties such as strength and breathability.

[0016] Another problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a biodegradable, eco-friendly coffin and urn manufactured by the above method.

[0017] The tasks of the present invention are not limited to the technical tasks mentioned above, and other technical tasks not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the description below.

[0018] A method for manufacturing a biodegradable, eco-friendly mulching agent according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises the steps of (a) inoculating mushroom mycelia into a medium prepared by mixing nutrients in water; (b) pulverizing the medium inoculated with the mycelia; (c) mixing the pulverized medium; agar; moisture; and at least one of starch, wheat flour, and rice bran; filling the mixture into a mold and allowing it to grow; and (d) shaping the mushroom mycelia mixture upon which growth has been completed.

[0019] The weight ratio of the above-mentioned crushed medium; agar; moisture; and at least one of starch, wheat flour, and rice bran may be 10:2-5:7:3-5.

[0020] The above growing step (c) may be grown under one or more of the following conditions: temperature 25-32 ℃, relative humidity 65-95%, and carbon dioxide concentration 2,000-7,000 ppm.

[0021] Between steps (b) and (c), a step of primary culturing the medium inoculated with the mycelia for 15-20 days may be further included.

[0022] A biodegradable, eco-friendly mulching agent according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises 10 parts by weight of mushroom mycelia; 2-5 parts by weight of agar; and 3-5 parts by weight of at least one selected from the group consisting of starch, wheat flour, and rice bran.

[0023] A method for manufacturing a biodegradable, eco-friendly coffin or urn according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises the steps of (a) inoculating mushroom mycelia into a medium prepared by mixing water and sawdust with a nutrient source including at least one of shellfish, ginkgo husks, and activated carbon; (b) filling a mold with the medium inoculated with the mycelia; (c) growing the mushroom mycelia filled in the mold; (d) separating the mushroom mycelia, upon completion of growth, from the mold; and (e) drying the separated mushroom mycelia, wherein the mold has a shape corresponding to a coffin or urn.

[0024] The content of the above nutrient source in the medium may be 1-10 vol% for the shellfish; 1-20 vol% for the ginkgo nut shell; and 1-15 vol% for the activated carbon.

[0025] The above step (c) may be a step of growing mushroom mycelia filled in the mold under one or more of the following conditions: a temperature of 15-32°C, a relative humidity of 65-95%, and a carbon dioxide concentration of 2,000-5,000 ppm.

[0026] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a biodegradable eco-friendly coffin or urn comprises mushroom mycelia, sawdust, shellfish, ginkgo husks, and activated carbon, wherein the ratio of the sawdust, shellfish, ginkgo husks, and activated carbon is as follows: sawdust 100 parts by volume; shellfish 1-10 parts by volume; ginkgo husk 10-20 parts by volume; and activated carbon 1-15 parts by volume.

[0027] Specific details of other embodiments are included in the detailed description.

[0028] The biodegradable, eco-friendly mulching agent manufactured according to the embodiments of the present invention is completely biodegradable and has excellent viscosity, so it is very suitable for use as a mulching agent for soil and flower pots, and can reduce post-treatment costs and steps and improve environmental pollution.

[0029] Additionally, when applied to soil, mulching agents can aid plant root respiration, retain moisture (prevent evaporation), promote soil microbial activity, and enhance fertilizer effectiveness. They can also prevent soil hardening and promote soil aggregation.

[0030] Additionally, mulches can prevent weed growth, provide nutrients necessary for growth, maintain soil moisture and temperature (prevent heatstroke), prevent soil erosion, prevent dust from flying, prevent soil diseases, and create an aesthetically pleasing environment. Furthermore, because they are biodegradable, they can be composted when decomposed.

[0031] The biodegradable, eco-friendly coffins and urns manufactured according to embodiments of the present invention are composed of materials such as waste wood and agricultural and fishery byproducts after mushroom cultivation, and mushroom mycelia, so that product production is possible without the problem of unstable supply.

[0032] In addition, it is environmentally friendly as it meets the standards for 'Waste Process Testing' and is recognized as 'RoHS Regulation Standards', and it has excellent durability as it has shown excellence in physical property evaluations such as compressive strength and flexural strength.

[0033] Additionally, it is made of breathable and biodegradable materials, and after decomposition, it becomes fertilizer, which has the effect of promoting the activity of soil microorganisms.

[0034] The effects according to the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the contents exemplified above, and more diverse effects are included in the present specification.

[0035] Figure 1 is a flowchart showing a method for manufacturing a biodegradable, eco-friendly mulching agent according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 2 is a flowchart showing a method for manufacturing a biodegradable, eco-friendly coffin or urn according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] The advantages and features of the present invention, and the methods for achieving them, will become clearer with reference to the embodiments described in detail below. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed below, but may be implemented in various different forms. These embodiments are provided solely to ensure that the disclosure of the present invention is complete and to fully inform those skilled in the art of the scope of the invention. The present invention is defined solely by the scope of the claims.

[0038] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing embodiments only and is not intended to limit the present invention. As used herein, "and / or" includes each and every combination of one or more of the mentioned items. In addition, the singular also includes the plural unless specifically stated otherwise in the phrase. As used herein, "comprises" and / or "comprising" do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other components in addition to the mentioned components. A numerical range indicated by using "-" or "to" indicates a numerical range that includes the values ​​stated before and after it as the lower and upper limits, respectively, unless otherwise stated. The terms "about" or "approximately" mean a value or numerical range that is within 20% of the value or numerical range stated thereafter.

[0039] Additionally, in describing components of embodiments of the present invention, terms such as first, second, A, B, (a), (b), etc. may be used. These terms are only intended to distinguish the components from other components, and the nature, order, or sequence of the components are not limited by the terms.

[0040] Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein may be used in their common sense to those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains. Furthermore, terms defined in commonly used dictionaries are not to be interpreted ideally or excessively unless explicitly and specifically defined otherwise.

[0041] And when describing an embodiment of the present invention, if it is determined that a specific description of a related known configuration or function hinders understanding of the embodiment of the present invention, the detailed description is omitted.

[0042] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

[0043] Figure 1 is a flowchart showing a method for manufacturing a biodegradable, eco-friendly mulching agent according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] The biodegradable, eco-friendly mulching agent of the present invention can be manufactured through the following steps. The mulching agent of the present invention can be a liquid mulching agent having a viscosity suitable for molding and use.

[0045] Inoculating mushroom mycelia onto the medium

[0046] Prepare a medium by mixing nutrients in water, and inoculate the prepared medium with mushroom mycelia.

[0047] The prepared medium can be autoclaved before inoculating with mushroom mycelia. Additionally, mushroom mycelia can be dark-cultured on PDA medium before inoculation. In an exemplary embodiment, the medium is autoclaved at 100-150°C for 10-60 minutes, and then mycelia measuring 10-20 x 10-20 cm that have been cultured on PDA medium for 10-20 days can be inoculated onto the medium. However, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0048] The nutrient source may include one or more selected from the group consisting of sawdust, rice bran, potato starch, strong flour, paper, green tea residue, coffee residue, oyster shells, rice bran, rice husk, wheat flour, wheat bran, ginkgo husk, malt, etc. Specifically, the nutrient source may include one or more selected from the group consisting of sawdust, rice husk, rice bran, and oyster shells.

[0049] The sawdust may be poplar sawdust. Poplar sawdust refers to sawdust derived from species of Populus, such as poplar, silver poplar, poplar, and European poplar (P. tremula), but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0050] The substrate may contain sawdust and the aforementioned nutrient source (such as rice bran), and the volume ratio of the sawdust to the nutrient source may be 1:0.05-0.5. However, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0051] The moisture content of the medium can be 40-50 wt%. If the moisture content is insufficient, mycelial growth may not proceed smoothly, and if the moisture content is excessive, mycelial growth may be poor or pigmentation may occur.

[0052] The water used in the preparation of the medium may have a pH of 3-5, and specifically 3-4.5, 3.5-5, 3.5-4.5, 3.5-4, or 4-4.5. Mushroom mycelia growth may be best when the pH of the water used in the preparation of the medium is within the above range.

[0053] Mushroom mycelia are aggregates of hyphae, the vegetative organs of fungi. The fruiting bodies of fungi, commonly known as mushrooms, are also composed entirely of mycelia, except for the hymenium. These mycelia possess the property of self-assembly, where biopolymers assemble under suitable environmental conditions to form specific higher-order structures.

[0054] Mushroom mycelia (mycelium) can be used from oyster mushrooms, reishi mushrooms, shiitake mushrooms, gray amanita mushrooms, truffles, cauliflower mushrooms, and king oyster mushrooms, and specifically, oyster mushroom mycelia can be used. Oyster mushroom mycelia has the advantage of being highly active, allowing for a short cultivation and growth period. In addition, when oyster mushroom mycelia is used, it has the characteristic of being very white and smooth when shaped after cultivation. In addition, oyster mushroom strains have a high substrate adaptability compared to other strains, growing well on various substrates and growing quickly and uniformly. In addition, it is known as an edible strain, ensuring safety.

[0055] Primary culture

[0056] The medium inoculated with mushroom mycelia can be subjected to primary culture for 10-20 days, specifically 15-20 days. The primary culture may be dark culture. The primary culture step may be omitted, and the medium inoculated with mushroom mycelia can be subjected to secondary culture, described below, immediately. However, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0057] The primary culture temperature may be 18-25°C, specifically 18-20°C, 20-23°C or 23-25°C.

[0058] Primary culture relative humidity can be 50%-90%, specifically 50%-60%, 55%-65%, 65-75%, 75-85% or 85-90%.

[0059] When the culture temperature and relative humidity of the primary culture are within the above range, mushroom mycelia can be effectively cultured. If they are outside the above range, problems such as culture delay and mycelial death may occur.

[0060] Secondary culture

[0061] After primary culture, the medium is finely crushed and mixed with agar, moisture, and starch. This is then filled into a mold. Maintaining the desired culture conditions allows mushroom mycelia to grow. The mold can be sterilized with 70% ethanol to remove contaminants and impurities.

[0062] Instead of starch, wheat flour or rice bran can be used, or two or more of starch, wheat flour, and rice bran can be used together. Specifically, starch and rice bran can be used in a weight ratio of 1:1-5, or even 1:2-4, or even more specifically, in a weight ratio of approximately 1:3.

[0063] The crushed medium, agar, moisture and starch (and / or wheat flour, rice bran) can be mixed in a weight ratio of 10:2-5:7:3-5.

[0064] Agar can be made from dried seaweed, either by freeze-dehydration or by pressing. It can also be made from seaweed of the Gelidium family. Agar is primarily composed of the polysaccharides agarose and agaropectin. Agar has strong coagulation properties, and when solidified, it has a high melting point, making it resistant to decay and resistant to bacterial degradation.

[0065] If the amount of agar mixed exceeds the above ratio, the degree of hardening increases, making molding difficult. If the moisture content exceeds the above ratio, the viscosity may decrease due to dilution.

[0066] Starch or flour may be mixed to supplement the insufficient viscosity of the agar, but if the starch or flour is added in more than the above ratio, the degree of mycelial growth may be reduced.

[0067] The ratio of the medium is 40-50 wt% of the total mixture when not using agar, and 35-50 wt% of the total mixture when using agar, for the best mycelial growth. If the ratio of the medium is lower than the above range and the amount of agar or starch (or wheat flour, rice bran) increases, the growth of mushroom mycelia may be inhibited, and if the ratio of the medium is higher than the above range, it may be difficult to obtain a viscosity suitable for forming as a mulching agent.

[0068] In this specification, 'growth' is used as a comprehensive term encompassing all of the reproduction, growth, colonization and aggregation of mycelia.

[0069] The incubation temperature may be 25-32°C, specifically 25-30°C, 25-28°C, 25-26°C, 26-32°C, 26-30°C, 26-28°C, 28-32°C, 28-30°C or 30-32°C.

[0070] Relative humidity can be 65-95%, specifically 70-95%, 75-95%, 80-95%, 90-95%, 70-90%, 70-85%, 70-80%, 70-75%, 75-90% or 80-85%.

[0071] Mushroom mycelia can be effectively grown when the culture temperature and relative humidity are within the above range, and problems such as growth delay and cell death may occur when the temperature and relative humidity are outside the above range.

[0072] Additionally, the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) can be maintained at 2,000-7,000 ppm to accelerate the growth of mushroom mycelia. The concentration of carbon dioxide may be specifically 2,000-7,000 ppm, 2,000-6,000 ppm, 2,000-5,000 ppm, 2,000-4,000 ppm, 2,000-3,000 ppm, 3,000-7,000 ppm, 3,000-6,000 ppm, 3,000-5,000 ppm, 3,000-4,000 ppm, 4,000-7,000 ppm, 4,000-6,000 ppm, 4,000-5,000 ppm, 5,000-7,000 ppm or 6,000-7,000 ppm. The concentration of carbon dioxide may be more specifically 2,000-3,000 ppm. Mushroom mycelia can grow most rapidly when the concentration of carbon dioxide is within the above range.

[0073] The culture temperature, relative humidity, and / or carbon dioxide concentration may be maintained at a specific value within the above range or may be maintained within the above range. If the culture temperature, relative humidity, or carbon dioxide concentration is maintained within the above range, a step of changing the culture temperature, relative humidity, or carbon dioxide concentration to within the above range may be further included if the upper or lower limit of the above range is exceeded.

[0074] Mushroom mycelia can be grown under one or more of the above conditions of culture temperature, relative humidity and carbon dioxide concentration, and specifically, can be grown under two or more conditions or all of the above conditions.

[0075] During cultivation, measures may be taken to minimize direct sunlight, such as using a dark room or blackout curtain to grow the plants, but these are not limited thereto.

[0076] The growth period of mushroom mycelia in the mold can be 3-5 days, and specifically 1.5-2 days.

[0077] Mulching agent molding

[0078] The mushroom mycelia mixture, once fully grown, has the appropriate viscosity, allowing it to be molded into any desired shape and used as a mulch. While additional molding tools, such as a mold, can be used for molding, the advantage of this mixture is that it has the appropriate viscosity, allowing it to be molded without these tools, using only a piping bag or your hands.

[0079] Mushroom mycelia may undergo one or more of the steps of sterilization and disinfection, compression, coating, and cutting in any order to provide marketability as a mulching agent, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0080] In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the method for manufacturing a biodegradable, eco-friendly mulching agent of the present invention may be characterized in that no raw materials other than those described above are used, and no additional steps are performed other than the steps described above.

[0081] In some embodiments of the present invention, the mushroom mycelia that have completed the cultivation process may be grown only before fruiting bodies are formed. That is, the mushroom mycelia mass that has completed growth may not contain fruiting bodies.

[0082] The biodegradable, eco-friendly mulching agent of the present invention may be one in which components used in the medium are detected during component analysis. For example, the biodegradable, eco-friendly mulching agent of the present invention may be one or more selected from the group consisting of mushroom mycelia; agar; and starch, wheat flour, and rice bran.

[0083] Since the biodegradable, eco-friendly mulching agent of the present invention is manufactured using the aforementioned medium, it may include mushroom mycelia; agar; and at least one selected from the group consisting of starch, wheat flour, and rice bran. In one embodiment, the biodegradable, eco-friendly mulching agent of the present invention may include the above-mentioned ingredients in the amounts used in the aforementioned medium, and specifically, it may include 10 parts by weight of mushroom mycelia; 2-5 parts by weight of agar; and 3-5 parts by weight of at least one selected from the group consisting of starch, wheat flour, and rice bran.

[0084] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described through manufacturing examples and experimental examples, but it is obvious that the effects of the present invention are not limited by the following experimental examples.

[0085] Manufacturing example

[0086] A medium containing poplar sawdust and nutrients in water (pH 3-5) was sterilized under high pressure at 121℃ for 40 minutes. The sterilized medium was inoculated with 1.5 x 1.5 cm sized oyster mushroom mycelia cultured on PDA medium for 15 days. After inoculation, the mixture was cultured in the dark for 15 days, then finely ground, mixed with agar, moisture, and starch, and filled into a mold (10 cm x 20 cm) sterilized with 70% EtOH. The mycelia filled into the mold were maintained at 26℃ and 80% relative humidity for 2 days, and the carbon dioxide concentration was maintained at 2,000 ppm for growth. The grown mycelia mixture was viscous and was molded into a piping bag to produce a biodegradable, eco-friendly mulching agent.

[0087] Experimental Example 1

[0088] A biodegradable, eco-friendly mulching agent was manufactured in the same manner as the manufacturing example above, but without using agar, and the mixing weight ratio of the medium, starch, and water was changed as shown in Table 1 below. The viscosity and mushroom mycelia growth rate were then evaluated. The more + signs there are in the viscosity, the more appropriate the viscosity and viscosity is that is neither too high nor too low.

[0089] Example: Starch viscosity growth rate 1-11017++1-21027++++1-31037+++++++1-41047++++++1-51057+++++

[0090] As shown in Table 1 above, viscosity and growth rate were found to be the best when the starch ratio was 3-5 parts by weight. In addition, it was confirmed that the same results were obtained when wheat flour was used instead of starch.

[0091] Experimental Example 2

[0092] A biodegradable, eco-friendly mulching agent was manufactured in the same manner as in the above manufacturing example, but the mixing weight ratio of the medium, agar, starch, and water was changed as shown in Table 2 below, and then the viscosity and growth rate of mushroom mycelia were evaluated.

[0093] Example medium agar starch water viscosity growth rate 2-1100.537+++2-210137++++2-310237++++++++++2-410337+++++++2-510437++++++

[0094] As shown in Table 2 above, it was confirmed that the viscosity and growth rate were the best when the agar ratio was 2-4 parts by weight.

[0095] Figure 2 is a flowchart showing a method for manufacturing a biodegradable, eco-friendly coffin or urn according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0096] The specific process of inoculating mushroom mycelia on a medium and culturing them can be as follows.

[0097] Inoculating mushroom mycelia onto the medium

[0098] Prepare a medium by mixing nutrients in water, and inoculate the prepared medium with mushroom mycelia.

[0099] The prepared medium can be autoclaved before inoculating with mushroom mycelia. Additionally, mushroom mycelia can be dark-cultured on PDA medium before inoculation. In an exemplary embodiment, the medium is autoclaved at 100-150°C for 10-60 minutes, and then mycelia measuring 10-20 x 10-20 cm that have been cultured on PDA medium for 10-20 days can be inoculated onto the medium. However, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0100] The nutrient source may include one or more selected from sawdust, rice bran, potato starch, strong flour, paper, green tea residue, coffee residue, shellfish, oyster shell, rice bran, rice hull, wheat flour, wheat bran, ginkgo hull, malt, activated carbon, etc. Specifically, the nutrient source may include one or more selected from the group consisting of shellfish, ginkgo hull, and activated carbon, and more specifically, may include all of shellfish, ginkgo hull, and activated carbon. The shellfish may be oyster shell.

[0101] Shellfish and ginkgo husks can help with strength when used as additional materials, and the additional use of activated carbon can help with composting by providing excellent breathability and increasing the C / N ratio.

[0102] A high C / N ratio increases the nutrient supply for microorganisms, which can promote microbial growth. Because these microorganisms digest nitrogen and organic nitrogen compounds in the soil, nitrogen loss is minimized and its economical use occurs.

[0103] In addition, since the decomposition speed of organic matter varies depending on the C / N ratio, it can be a condition for composting. When the optimal ratio is present, the growth of microorganisms involved in composting and the decomposition of organic matter occur most actively, which can shorten the composting period. Generally, the optimal C / N ratio for composting is reported to be 30-40. If it is higher than that, the growth of microorganisms themselves does not occur due to nitrogen deficiency, and they simply consume carbon as an energy source for sustaining life, so the composting speed becomes slow. If it is lower than that, the growth of microorganisms themselves and the decomposition of organic matter become active, but nitrogen may be excessive, resulting in large nitrogen loss during the composting period.

[0104] Activated carbon, primarily composed of carbon, has a porous structure with a large surface area and strong adsorption properties. The pore network within the lattice structure of activated carbon possesses physical and chemical stability and a high specific surface area, enabling it to remove impurities present in gases and liquids through adsorption. Furthermore, its ability to adsorb harmful gases can help reduce odors during the composting process. Furthermore, these effects can have a beneficial effect on surrounding soil and water quality during the composting process.

[0105] The activated carbon may be one or more of wood charcoal (high porosity, lightweight, excellent moisture absorption), coconut shell (micropore-centered structure, water purification function, high strength), and agricultural byproduct (eco-friendliness, excellent LCA evaluation), but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0106] The sawdust may be poplar sawdust. Poplar sawdust refers to sawdust derived from species of Populus, such as poplar, silver poplar, poplar, and European poplar (P. tremula), but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0107] The substrate may contain sawdust and the aforementioned nutrient source (such as rice bran), and the volume ratio of the sawdust to the nutrient source may be 1:0.05-0.5. However, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0108] In one embodiment, the shellfish may be included in an amount of 1-10 vol%, specifically 2-7 vol%, based on the total volume of the medium. Additionally, the ginkgo husk may be included in an amount of 1-20 vol%, specifically about 10-20 vol%. The activated carbon may be included in an amount of 1-15 vol%, specifically 1-10 vol% or 5-15 vol%, more specifically 5-10 vol% or 10-15 vol%.

[0109] The moisture content of the medium may be 20-50 wt%. If moisture is insufficient, mycelial growth may not proceed smoothly, and if moisture is excessive, mycelial growth may be poor or discoloration may occur. However, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0110] The water used in the preparation of the medium may have a pH of 3-5, and specifically 3-4.5, 3.5-5, 3.5-4.5, 3.5-4, or 4-4.5. Mushroom mycelia growth may be best when the pH of the water used in the preparation of the medium is within the above range.

[0111] Mushroom mycelia are aggregates of hyphae, the vegetative organs of fungi. The fruiting bodies of fungi, commonly known as mushrooms, are also composed entirely of mycelia, except for the hymenium. These mycelia possess the property of self-assembly, where biopolymers assemble under suitable environmental conditions to form specific higher-order structures.

[0112] As mushroom mycelia, mycelia of oyster mushrooms, reishi mushrooms, shiitake mushrooms, gray amanita mushrooms, oyster mushrooms, flower mushrooms, and pine mushrooms can be used, and specifically, mycelia of oyster mushrooms can be used. Oyster mushroom mycelia has the advantage of being highly active and having a short cultivation and growth period. In addition, when oyster mushroom mycelia is used, it has the characteristic of being very white and smooth when shaped after cultivation. In addition, oyster mushroom strains have high substrate adaptability compared to other strains, so they grow well on various substrates and can grow quickly and uniformly. In addition, since they are known as edible strains, safety is ensured. Therefore, oyster mushroom mycelia can exhibit the most suitable characteristics for use in the coffin and urn of the present invention.

[0113] After primary culture, fill the mold with the medium.

[0114] After primary cultivation of the medium inoculated with mushroom mycelia for 10-20 days, specifically 15-20 days, the medium is crushed and filled into a mold. The mold can be disinfected with 70% ethanol to remove contaminants and impurities. Primary cultivation can be performed in the dark. The primary cultivation step can be omitted.

[0115] Primary culture may be a step for growing mushroom mycelia before adding nutrients such as shellfish, ginkgo husks, or activated carbon. That is, it may be a step for growing mushroom mycelia by adding nutrients (nutrients other than shellfish, ginkgo husks, and activated carbon) such as sawdust and rice bran. Nutrients such as shellfish, ginkgo husks, or activated carbon may be added after primary culture. However, embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0116] The primary culture temperature may be 18-25°C, specifically 18-20°C, 20-23°C or 23-25°C.

[0117] Primary culture relative humidity can be 50%-90%, specifically 50%-60%, 55%-65%, 65-75%, 75-85% or 85-90%.

[0118] When the culture temperature and relative humidity of the primary culture are within the above range, mushroom mycelia can be effectively cultured. If they are outside the above range, problems such as culture delay and mycelial death may occur.

[0119] The mold can be shaped and sized to fit the required coffin or urn.

[0120] Growth of mushroom mycelia filled in molds (secondary culture)

[0121] After filling the mold with a medium inoculated with mushroom mycelia, the mushroom mycelia are grown while maintaining the specified culture conditions.

[0122] One or more nutrients selected from the group consisting of shellfish, ginkgo husks, and activated carbon may be added when filling the mold with the crushed medium. The amount of each nutrient used may be as described above. However, embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0123] In this specification, 'growth' is used as a comprehensive term encompassing all of the reproduction, growth, colonization and aggregation of mycelia.

[0124] The incubation temperature may be 15-32 ℃, and specifically 20-32 ℃, 25-32 ℃, 15-30 ℃, 15-25 ℃, 15-20 ℃, 20-30 ℃, 20-25 ℃, 25-30 ℃, 25-28 ℃, 25-26 ℃, 26-32 ℃, 26-30 ℃, 26-28 ℃, 28-32 ℃, 28-30 ℃ or 30-32 ℃.

[0125] Relative humidity can be 65-95%, specifically 70-95%, 75-95%, 80-95%, 90-95%, 70-90%, 70-85%, 70-80%, 70-75%, 75-90% or 80-85%.

[0126] Mushroom mycelia can be effectively grown when the culture temperature and relative humidity are within the above range, and problems such as growth delay and cell death may occur when the temperature and relative humidity are outside the above range.

[0127] Additionally, the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) can be maintained at 2,000-7,000 ppm to accelerate the growth of mushroom mycelia. The concentration of carbon dioxide may be specifically 2,000-7,000 ppm, 2,000-6,000 ppm, 2,000-5,000 ppm, 2,000-4,000 ppm, 2,000-3,000 ppm, 3,000-7,000 ppm, 3,000-6,000 ppm, 3,000-5,000 ppm, 3,000-4,000 ppm, 4,000-7,000 ppm, 4,000-6,000 ppm, 4,000-5,000 ppm, 5,000-7,000 ppm or 6,000-7,000 ppm. The concentration of carbon dioxide may be more specifically 2,000-3,000 ppm. Mushroom mycelia can grow most rapidly when the concentration of carbon dioxide is within the above range.

[0128] The culture temperature, relative humidity, and / or carbon dioxide concentration may be maintained at a specific value within the above range or may be maintained within the above range. If the culture temperature, relative humidity, or carbon dioxide concentration is maintained within the above range, a step of changing the culture temperature, relative humidity, or carbon dioxide concentration to within the above range may be further included if the upper or lower limit of the above range is exceeded.

[0129] Mushroom mycelia can be grown under one or more of the above conditions of culture temperature, relative humidity and carbon dioxide concentration, and specifically, can be grown under two or more conditions or all of the above conditions.

[0130] During cultivation, measures may be taken to minimize direct sunlight, such as using a dark room or blackout curtain to grow the plants, but these are not limited thereto.

[0131] The growth period of mushroom mycelia in the mold may be 3-5 days, and specifically 1.5-2 days.

[0132] After separating the mushroom mycelium from the mold, it is further grown.

[0133] When mushroom mycelia growth in the mold is complete, the mushroom mycelia are separated from the mold.

[0134] The mushroom mycelia mass that has completed growth is a type of biopolymer that has strength and impact resistance, and because it has a smooth surface after drying without a separate coating due to polysaccharides, beta-glucans, and extracellular polymer substances secreted by mushrooms, it can be used as an eco-friendly coffin or urn that is 100% biodegradable.

[0135] However, the surface that came into contact with the mold during the growth period may have a rough surface due to insufficient growth and may easily peel off, resulting in crumbling. For example, if the mold is a hexahedral shape with an open top, the lower surface and side surfaces of the mushroom mycelium mass may have a rough surface due to contact with the mold during the growth period.

[0136] Therefore, in the present invention, by further growing mushroom mycelia separated from the mold, all surfaces, including the surface that came into contact with the mold, can have smooth characteristics.

[0137] The method for further growth may specifically involve further growing the mushroom mycelia separated from the mold for 0.5-2 days or 4-7 days. In this case, the surface that was in contact with the mold also undergoes further growth, thereby improving surface properties.

[0138] In a more specific embodiment, the step may be a step of further growing while maintaining the carbon dioxide concentration at 1,600-2,400 ppm. At the above carbon dioxide concentration, the surface that came into contact with the mold can efficiently grow and have improved surface properties.

[0139] In addition, the above step may be a step of blocking direct sunlight by shading only the surface that was in contact with the mold, thereby allowing the surface to grow more selectively, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0140] In some embodiments of the present invention, after primary growth, in which the carbon dioxide concentration is maintained at 1,600-2,400 ppm after separation from the mold, secondary growth may be performed, in which the carbon dioxide concentration is increased to 5,000-10,000 ppm. This characteristic may impart suitable marketability as a coffin or urn. The primary growth may be a stage in which the mushroom mycelia fill the surface, and the secondary growth may be a stage in which the mushroom mycelia grow on the surface. This may induce mycelial colonization, thereby providing a fluffier layer. This characteristic may be particularly important when considering the marketability of coffins and urns.

[0141] The carbon dioxide concentration of secondary growth may be specifically 5,000-7,000 or 7,000-10,000 ppm, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0142] The primary growth period can last 2-4 days, and the secondary growth period can last 2-3 days. The combined primary and secondary growth periods can last a total of 4-7 days. If the growth period exceeds this range, mycelial colonization may not occur properly.

[0143] The culture temperature during growth after separation of the mold may be 25-32°C, and may be substantially the same as the culture temperature during growth within the mold.

[0144] Drying mushroom mycelia

[0145] The mushroom mycelia that have completed additional growth are dried. The temperature during drying may be 75-100 ℃, specifically 80-100 ℃, 85-100 ℃, 90-100 ℃, 95-100 ℃, 75-95 ℃, 75-90 ℃, 75-85 ℃, 75-80 ℃, 80-95 ℃ or 85-90 ℃. The drying time may be 1-3 hours, specifically 1.5-3 hours, 2-3 hours, 2.5-3 hours, 1.5-2.5 hours, 1.5-2 hours or 2-2.5 hours.

[0146] The dried mushroom mycelia may undergo one or more of the following steps in any order: sterilization and disinfection, compression, coating, and cutting, to provide commercial value as a coffin or urn.

[0147] In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the method for manufacturing a biodegradable, eco-friendly coffin and urn of the present invention may be characterized in that no raw materials other than the aforementioned raw materials are used, and no additional steps are performed other than the aforementioned steps.

[0148] In some embodiments of the present invention, the mushroom mycelia that have completed further growth and are dried may have grown only before fruiting bodies are formed. That is, the mushroom mycelia mass that has completed (further) growth may not contain fruiting bodies.

[0149] The biodegradable, eco-friendly coffin and urn manufactured by the method of the present invention may have excellent breathability due to the porous nature of the mycelia themselves, the highly porous structure of the activated carbon (rich in micropores to form passages through which gases can move within the material), and the indirect formation of pores when mixed into the mycelia network.

[0150] The biodegradable, eco-friendly coffin and urn of the present invention may satisfy one or more or all of the following conditions (1) to (5). However, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0151] (1) Total nitrogen: 1 or more

[0152] (2) Total carbon: 30 or more

[0153] (3) C / N ratio: 25-40 or more, preferably 30-35

[0154] (4) Compressive strength (MPa): 50 or more, preferably 70 or more

[0155] (5) Flexural strength (MPa): 30 or more, preferably 50 or more

[0156] Additionally, the biodegradable, eco-friendly coffin and urn of the present invention may be one in which components used in the medium are detected during component analysis. For example, the biodegradable, eco-friendly coffin and urn of the present invention may be one or more selected from the group consisting of sawdust, shellfish, ginkgo husks, and activated carbon. Specifically, poplar sawdust, oyster shells, ginkgo husks, and activated carbon may all be detected.

[0157] Since the biodegradable, eco-friendly coffin and urn of the present invention are manufactured using the aforementioned medium, they may include at least one selected from the group consisting of mushroom mycelia; sawdust; shellfish; ginkgo husks; and activated carbon. In one embodiment, the biodegradable, eco-friendly coffin and urn of the present invention may include the above components in the amounts used in the aforementioned medium, specifically, mushroom mycelia, sawdust, and nutrients, wherein the ratio of the sawdust and nutrients may be 100 parts by volume of sawdust; 1-10 parts by volume of shellfish; 10-20 parts by volume of ginkgo husks; and 1-15 parts by volume of activated carbon.

[0158]

[0159] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described through manufacturing examples and experimental examples, but it is obvious that the effects of the present invention are not limited by the following experimental examples.

[0160] Experimental Example 1

[0161] 50 ml of water (pH 3-5) and 100 ml of poplar sawdust with rice bran were sterilized, inoculated with mycelia of oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) and cultured for several days. Then, a medium containing finely crushed and ground oyster shells was filled into a sterilized tubular mold (10 cm x 20 cm). For the growth of the mycelia filled in the mold, direct sunlight was minimized, the temperature was maintained at 15-32 ℃ and the relative humidity at 65-95%, and the carbon dioxide concentration was maintained at 2,000-5,000 ppm. After about 3 days, the grown mycelia were separated from the mold. Since the side of the mycelia that was in contact with the mold showed relatively insufficient growth, they were additionally grown for about 1 day under a carbon dioxide concentration of 1,600-2,400 ppm. After additional growth, the mycelia were dried at approximately 75-100°C for 1-3 hours to produce biodegradable, eco-friendly tubes.

[0162] In order to evaluate the growth degree of mushroom mycelia according to the oyster shell content of the medium, the medium was prepared with different oyster shell contents as shown in Table 3 below. After the growth in the mold was completed, the growth degree of Example 1-1 was set as the standard (100%), and the relative growth degree (growth rate) of the other examples was evaluated. The growth degree was determined by comprehensively considering the amount of mycelia, surface characteristics, hardness, etc. The evaluation results were as shown in Table 3 below.

[0163] Classification Oyster shell content (vol%) Growth rate (%) Example 1-10 100 Example 1-2 100 Example 1-3 2 110 Example 1-45 120 Example 1-57 110 Example 1-6 1080 Example 1-7 2060

[0164] As shown in Table 1 above, when oyster shells were used, the growth rate was high at 1-10 vol% and was the best at 2-7 vol%.

[0165] Experimental Example 2

[0166] A biodegradable, eco-friendly pipe was manufactured using the same method as Experimental Example 1, except that ginkgo nut shells were used instead of oyster shells.

[0167] In order to evaluate the growth degree of mushroom mycelia according to the content of ginkgo husk in the medium, the medium was prepared by varying the content of ginkgo husk in the medium as shown in Table 4 below.

[0168] Bank shell content (vol%) Example 2-10 Example 2-210 Example 2-320 Example 2-430 Example 2-550

[0169] After completion of growth in the mold, the growth degree of Example 2-1 was set as the standard (100%), and the relative growth degrees (growth rates) of the other examples were evaluated. The growth degree was determined by comprehensively considering the amount of mycelia, surface characteristics, hardness, etc. In addition, the total nitrogen amount, carbon amount, and C / N ratio of each example were calculated. The evaluation results are as shown in Table 5 below.

[0170] Growth rate (%) Total nitrogen (%) Total carbon (%) C / N ratio Example 2-1 100 1.0 6 56 4 53 4 Example 2-2 130 1.4 6 55 7 3 8 3 Example 2-3 110 1.6 2 55 4 3 4 2 Example 2-4 90 1.7 3 55 1 3 1 8 Example 2-5 70 1.9 2 54 8 2 9 7

[0171] As shown in Table 5 above, when using ginkgo husks, the growth rate is high at 1-20 vol% and is the best at 10-20 vol%. In particular, when using ginkgo husks, as the ginkgo husk addition ratio increases, the nitrogen content increases while the C / N ratio decreases, so if the content is too low or too high, growth may be inhibited, so an appropriate content is important. As shown in Table 3 above, it was found that the growth rate is high at 10-20 vol% and is the best at 10 vol%.

[0172] Experimental Example 3

[0173] As in the above experimental examples 1 and 2, it can be seen that the shell and ginkgo nut shell can help with the rigidity and that the rigidity differs depending on the degree of use.

[0174] In the above experimental example 1, 1-10 vol% of shellfish was used as the growth rate was the best at about 1-10 vol%, and 1-20 vol% of ginkgo nut shell was used as the growth rate was the best at about 1-20 vol%.

[0175] A biodegradable, eco-friendly pipe was manufactured using the same method as Experimental Example 1, except that oyster shells, ginkgo nut shells, and activated carbon were all used.

[0176] As shown in Table 6 below, after culturing by varying the amount of each nutrient in the medium, the nitrogen content, carbon content, compressive strength, growth rate, etc. were evaluated as shown in Table 6 below. The more + signs there are for growth rate, the better.

[0177] Example Oyster shell (vol%) Ginkgo biloba shell (vol%) Activated carbon (vol%) 3-11113-22553-3510103-4815153-5102020

[0178] Example Total nitrogen (%) Total carbon (%) C / N ratio Compressive strength (MPa) Flexural strength (MPa) Growth rate 3-11.09 30 27.4 17.12 2.1+++++ 3-21.18 33.32 8.25 2.0 37.4+++++ 3-31.33 42.23 1.77 7.86 9.0+++++ 3-41.47 50.33 4.21 21.38 7.2++++ 3-51.62 60.13 7.18 1.57 0++

[0179] As shown in Table 7 above, the C / N ratio showed a difference depending on the degree of activated carbon used. The growth rate was observed to drop significantly when shellfish were used in an amount of 10 vol% or more, ginkgo nut skins in an amount of 20 vol% or more, or activated carbon in an amount of 20 vol% or more. The properties were excellent when the activated carbon content was 1-15 vol%, and in particular, 1-10 vol% was the best. Examples 3-2 to 3-4 had the most balanced and excellent physical properties such as compressive / flexural strength and growth rate.

[0180] While the present invention has been described above with reference to embodiments thereof, these are merely examples and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications and applications not exemplified above are possible without departing from the essential characteristics of the embodiments of the present invention. For example, each component specifically shown in the embodiments of the present invention can be modified and implemented. Furthermore, any differences related to such modifications and applications should be construed as falling within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims

1. (a) A step of inoculating mushroom mycelia into a medium prepared by mixing nutrients in water; (b) a step of crushing the medium inoculated with the mycelia; (c) a step of mixing the above-mentioned crushed medium; agar; moisture; and at least one of starch, wheat flour, and rice bran; filling the mold and growing it; and (d) a step of forming a mixture of mushroom mycelia that has completed growth; Method for manufacturing biodegradable, eco-friendly mulching agent.

2. In claim 1, The weight ratio of the above-mentioned crushed medium; agar; moisture; and at least one of starch, wheat flour, and rice bran; is 10:2-5:7:3-5. Method for manufacturing biodegradable, eco-friendly mulching agent.

3. In claim 1, The above growing step (c) is growing under one or more of the following conditions: temperature 25-32 ℃, relative humidity 65-95%, and carbon dioxide concentration 2,000-7,000 ppm. Method for manufacturing biodegradable, eco-friendly mulching agent.

4. In claim 1, Between steps (b) and (c) above, It further includes a step of primary culturing the medium inoculated with the above mycelia for 15-20 days. Method for manufacturing biodegradable, eco-friendly mulching agent.

5. 10 parts by weight of mushroom mycelium; 2-5 parts by weight of agar; and Containing 3-5 parts by weight of at least one selected from the group consisting of starch, wheat flour and rice bran Biodegradable, eco-friendly mulching agent. 6.(a) A step of inoculating mushroom mycelia into a medium prepared by mixing nutrients including at least one of shellfish, ginkgo husk, and activated carbon in water and sawdust; (b) a step of filling the medium inoculated with the mycelia into a mold; (c) a step of growing mushroom mycelia filled in the mold; (d) a step of separating the mushroom mycelia that have completed growth from the mold; and (e) a step of drying the separated mushroom mycelia, The above mold has a shape corresponding to a coffin or urn. Method for manufacturing a biodegradable, eco-friendly coffin or urn.

7. In claim 6, The content of the above nutrient source in the above medium is: For the above shellfish, 1-10 vol%; For the above bank shell, 1-20 vol%; and In the case of the above activated carbon, 1-15 vol% Method for manufacturing a biodegradable, eco-friendly coffin or urn.

8. In claim 6, Step (c) above, A step of growing mushroom mycelia filled in the mold under one or more of the following conditions: temperature 15-32 ℃, relative humidity 65-95%, and carbon dioxide concentration 2,000-5,000 ppm. Method for manufacturing a biodegradable, eco-friendly coffin or urn.

9. Including mushroom mycelia, sawdust, shells, ginkgo husks and activated carbon. The ratio of the above sawdust, shells, ginkgo husks and activated carbon is 100 parts by volume of sawdust; Shellfish 1-10 parts by volume; 10-20 parts by volume of bank shell; and Activated carbon 1-15 volume Biodegradable eco-friendly coffin or urn.

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