Vegan leather containing mushroom mycelium and method for manufacturing same

Abstract

The present invention relates to a vegan leather containing any one mushroom mycelium selected from the group consisting of fungi in the Polyporaceae family, the Boletaceae family, and combinations thereof. Specifically, the present invention relates to: a vegan leather containing a mycelium derived from Trametes versicolor belonging to the Polyporaceae family or Retiboletus nigerrimus belonging to the Boletaceae family; and a method for manufacturing same. According to the present invention, the vegan leather can be manufactured using a mushroom strain, which is an eco-friendly material, rather than artificial leather or animal leather.

Description

Vegan leather containing mushroom mycelia and method for producing the same

[0001] The present invention relates to vegan leather and a method for producing the same, comprising mushroom mycelia of any one selected from the group consisting of net mushrooms, mushrooms, oyster mushrooms, mushrooms, and combinations thereof.

[0002] With the recent increase in global leather consumption, concerns have been raised about animal abuse, including during the slaughter process for leather production. Furthermore, concerns about environmental pollution are growing due to the massive amounts of livestock waste and carbon dioxide emissions generated by livestock farming for leather production. Furthermore, producing approximately 200 to 250 kg of animal leather consumes approximately 500 kg of heavy metal chemicals. Consequently, the heavy metal chemicals used in the leather manufacturing process are raising concerns about the health of manufacturers and environmental pollution.

[0003] As an alternative to these leather manufacturing and consumption issues, faux leather, made from a blend of nonwoven fabric and polyurethane, emerged. However, faux leather is vulnerable to heat and moisture, resulting in a short lifespan. Furthermore, the production process produces hazardous chemicals, which can contribute to environmental pollution. Furthermore, the plastics used in faux leather, including polyurethane and polyvinyl chloride, take a long time to completely decompose, contributing to environmental pollution.

[0004] To avoid problems such as animal abuse and environmental pollution, the need for leather substitutes using eco-friendly materials is increasing, but research on this is still insufficient (Republic of Korea Patent No. 10-1801166).

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for research and development of eco-friendly leather materials that can replace existing natural and artificial leather.

[0006] Accordingly, the inventor of the present invention studied materials and manufacturing methods for manufacturing vegan leather, and completed the present invention by manufacturing vegan leather using the mycelia of the songpyeon mushroom and the mycelia of the black net mushroom.

[0007] One aspect of the present invention provides vegan leather comprising mushroom mycelia selected from the group consisting of net mushrooms, mushrooms, oyster mushrooms, mushrooms, and combinations thereof.

[0008] Another aspect of the present invention provides a method for producing vegan leather comprising mushroom mycelia, comprising the steps of: (a) producing a mycelial aggregate by culturing any one mushroom strain selected from the group consisting of net mushrooms, mushrooms, oyster mushrooms, mushrooms, and combinations thereof; (b) producing a mycelial mat using the mycelial aggregate; and (c) producing vegan leather using the produced mycelial mat.

[0009] It is expected that the vegan leather according to the present invention can be used as a substitute for existing natural leather or artificial leather.

[0010] Figure 1 is a diagram showing the steps of manufacturing vegan leather including mushroom mycelia.

[0011] Figure 2 is a photograph of a black net mushroom, which is an example of the present invention.

[0012] Figure 3 is a drawing showing the results of culturing black net mushroom mycelia, which is one specific example of the present invention, on PDA medium.

[0013] Figure 4a is a drawing showing the cultivation of mycelia obtained from solid culture by stirring in a liquid medium. Figure 4b is a drawing showing the mass production of mycelia cultured in a liquid medium by mixing them in an oxygen-supplied incubator.

[0014] Figure 5 is a drawing showing the result of filtering black net mushroom mycelia through a sieve after washing them in an incubator.

[0015] FIG. 6 is a drawing showing the final result of vegan leather manufactured using black net mushroom mycelia as one specific example of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 7 is a leather specimen manufactured in a certain shape to test the strength of vegan leather manufactured using black net mushroom mycelia, which is an example of one specific example of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 8 is a drawing showing the steps of manufacturing vegan leather including mushroom mycelia.

[0018] Figure 9 is a drawing showing the results of culturing the mycelia of Songpyeon mushroom, which is one specific example of the present invention, on PDA medium.

[0019] Figure 10 is a drawing showing the results of culturing the songpyeon mushroom mycelia of Figure 9 in PDB medium.

[0020] Figure 11 is a drawing showing the results of mycelial aggregates gathered in the upper layer cultured on PDB medium.

[0021] Figure 12 is a drawing showing the result of manufacturing mushroom mycelia in layers.

[0022] Figure 13 is a drawing showing the process of immersing the result of Figure 12 in lye water.

[0023] Fig. 14 is a drawing showing the final result of vegan leather manufactured using the mycelia of Songpyeon mushroom or Black net-cap mushroom, as a specific example of the present invention. A: Songpyeon mushroom, B: Black net-cap mushroom

[0024] One aspect of the present invention provides vegan leather comprising mushroom mycelia selected from the group consisting of net mushrooms, mushrooms, oyster mushrooms, mushrooms, and combinations thereof.

[0025] As used herein, the term "Boletaceae" refers to mushrooms of the order Boletaceae, which form a hymenium with net-like pores. Instead of the gills (lamellae) found in most agarics, they are characterized by the presence of small holes on the surface of the spore-bearing ascus (hymenium, the underside of the mushroom).

[0026] The above-mentioned net mushrooms and mushrooms may be, but are not limited to, Suillus luteus, Retiboletus nigerrimus, Boletus edulis, Xerocomus subtomentosus, Rugiboletus extremiorientalis, Boletus pinophilus, Boletus reticulatus, Boletus auripes, Rubroboletus rubellus, Tylopilus nigropurpureus, Strobilomyces strobilaceus, and Cyanoboletus pulverulentus. In one specific example, the above-mentioned net mushrooms and mushrooms may be Suillus luteus.

[0027] As used herein, the term "Polyporaceae" refers to porous fungi belonging to the order Polyporaceae. Most species of Polyporaceae have a hymenium in vertical pores on the underside of the cap, but some have wrinkles or wrinkle-like structures.

[0028] The above-mentioned oyster mushrooms may be, but are not limited to, Trametes versicolor, Abundisporus subflexibilis, Daedaleopsis confragosa, Panelus serotinus, Polyporus tuberaster, Pycnoporus, Fomes fomentarius, Trichaptum abietinum, Sparassis crispa, and Trametes versicolor. In one specific example, the above-mentioned oyster mushrooms may be Trametes versicolor.

[0029] The term "mycelium" as used herein refers to the vegetative organ of mushrooms, the mother body of fungi that appears as white fluff or threads, and corresponds to the roots, stems, and leaves of common plants. Mushrooms spend most of their life in a parasitic or saprophytic state in the form of hyphae. This is a general term for the densely intertwined growth of these hyphae, observed in eukaryotic fungi and prokaryotic actinobacteria.

[0030] In one specific example of the present invention, the mushroom mycelia may be the mycelia of Songpyeon mushroom. In one specific example, the mushroom mycelia may be the mycelia of Black net-cap mushroom. In one specific example, the mushroom mycelia may be a mixture of Songpyeon mushroom mycelia and Black net-cap mushroom mycelia. When the mycelia are mixed and used, the mycelia of Songpyeon mushroom and the mycelia of Black net-cap mushroom may be mixed at a ratio of 1:10 to 10:1. Specifically, the mycelia of Songpyeon mushroom and the mycelia of Black net mushroom were 1:10, 1:9, 1:8, 1:7, 1:6, 1:5, 1:4, 1:3, 1:2, 1:1, 2:9, 2:7, 2:5, 2:3, 2:1, 3:10, 3:8, 3:7, 3:5, 3:4, 3:2, 3:1, 4:9, 4:7, 4:5, 4:3, 4:1, 5:9, 5:7, 5:6, 5:3, 5:2, 5:1, 6:7, 6:5, 6:1, 7:10, 7:9, 7:8. 7:6. It can be mixed in a ratio of 7:5, 7:5, 7:4, 7:3, 7:2, 7:1, 8:9, 8:7, 8:5, 8:3, 8:1, 9:10, 9:8, 9:7, 9:5, 9:4, 9:2, 9:1, 10:9, 10:7, 10:3 or 10:1.

[0031] In the present invention, the "pore-forming mushroom and mushroom mycelia" may be produced by the germination of spores of the pore-forming mushroom and mushroom in a natural state, or by culturing a pore-forming mushroom and mushroom strain. In one embodiment, it may be produced by culturing a songpyeon mushroom strain.

[0032] In the present invention, the "net-shaped mushroom mycelium" may be mycelium obtained by germinating spores of a net-shaped mushroom in a natural state or by culturing a net-shaped mushroom strain. In one embodiment, it may be mycelium obtained by culturing a black-net-shaped mushroom strain.

[0033] As used herein, the term "vegan leather" refers to leather made from plant-based raw materials as an alternative to animal leather, and can be made from various raw materials including pineapple leaves, mushrooms, corn, apple peels, and recycled plastics. In the present invention, the vegan leather may include mushroom mycelia. Specifically, the vegan leather may be made using the mycelia of any one mushroom selected from the group consisting of boletus and mushrooms, oyster mushrooms and mushrooms, and combinations thereof, as a raw material. In addition, the vegan leather of the present invention may be manufactured by culturing and then pressing the mycelia of boletus and mushrooms, oyster mushrooms, and mushrooms, respectively. The number of overlapping fabrics of the pressed fabric is not limited, but may be 2 to 30 layers, 3 to 25 layers, 4 to 20 layers, 5 to 15 layers, 6 to 10 layers, or 8 to 9 layers. At this time, the net mushroom and mushroom mycelium fabric and the porous mushroom and mushroom mycelium fabric can be pressed alternately, and the same fabric can be pressed repeatedly. At this time, as an example, one net mushroom and mushroom mycelium fabric and one porous mushroom and mushroom mycelium fabric can be pressed.

[0034] The above-mentioned layers of fabric can be overlapped using natural adhesives. In this case, the net mushrooms, mushrooms, and porcini mushrooms are the same as those described above.

[0035] The vegan leather of the present invention may have a constant or variable thickness. The thickness of the leather can be adjusted depending on the thickness of the fibers themselves, which are composed of mycelia. Here, the thickness of the fibers themselves can be adjusted depending on the culture time and conditions of the mycelia. For example, the thickness of the leather can be increased by increasing the culture time of the mycelia. Furthermore, the thickness of the leather can be increased by overlapping and bonding the manufactured mycelia fibers. Furthermore, the thickness can be adjusted depending on the compression strength during the step of compressing the mycelia fibers.

[0036] In the present invention, the thickness of the vegan leather may be from about 0.1 mm to about 100 mm. Specifically, about 0.2 mm to about 90 mm, about 0.3 mm to about 80 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 50 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 40 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 30 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 20 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 10 mm, about 0.7 mm to about 9 mm, about 0.7 mm to about 8 mm, about 0.7 mm to about 6 mm, about 0.7 mm to about 5 mm, about 0.7 mm to about 4 mm, about 0.7 mm to about 3 mm, about 0.7 mm to about 2 mm, about 0.9 mm to about 2 mm, about 0.9 mm to about 9 mm, about 0.9 mm to about 8 mm, about 0.9 mm to about 7 mm, about 0.9 mm to about 6 mm, about 0.9 mm It can be about 5 mm, about 0.9 mm to about 4 mm, about 0.9 mm to about 3 mm, about 0.9 mm to about 2 mm, about 1 mm to about 9 mm, about 1 mm to about 8 mm, about 1 mm to about 7 mm, about 1 mm to about 6 mm, about 1 mm to about 5 mm, about 1 mm to about 4 mm, about 1 mm to about 3 mm, about 1 mm to about 2 mm, or about 1.2 mm to about 1.9 mm.

[0037] The term "tensile strength" as used herein refers to the maximum stress at which leather breaks under a tensile load, calculated by dividing the maximum load to rupture by the original cross-sectional area of ​​the test piece. A higher tensile strength indicates a greater force required to rupture the support, which can also indicate improved shape retention when applying post-processing to vegan leather as well as during distribution and storage. Tensile strength can be measured using a tensile tester.

[0038] In the present invention, the tensile strength of the vegan leather is about 1 N / mm 2 About 100 N / mm 2 It can be. Specifically, about 2 N / mm 2 About 90 N / mm 2 , about 2.5 N / mm 2 About 80 N / mm 2 , about 3 N / mm 2 About 70 N / mm 2 , about 3.5 N / mm 2 About 60 N / mm 2 , about 4 N / mm 2 About 55 N / mm 2 or about 4.5 N / mm 2 About 50 N / mm 2 It could be.

[0039] The term "stiffness" as used herein is an index that measures the flexibility related to the bending followability (low resistance to bending) of vegan leather in the direction of orientation (absorption axis direction) and the orthogonal direction (transmission axis direction) through a stiffness test. It can be seen that the vegan leather of the present invention has a stiffness of about 50 mm or less and flexibility related to bending followability (low resistance to bending).

[0040] In addition, the above-mentioned strength (mm) is an indicator of the above-mentioned flexibility, and is preferably about 50 mm or less, and further preferably about 60 mm or less. Meanwhile, there is no particular restriction on the lower limit of the strength (mm).

[0041] In the present invention, the strength of the vegan leather may be from about 10 mm to about 100 mm. Specifically, it may be from about 20 mm to about 90 mm, from about 30 mm to about 80 mm, or from about 40 mm to about 70 mm.

[0042] The term "tensile breaking load" as used herein refers to the maximum load applied to a leather sample when pulled in both directions until it is completely broken. Specifically, it is the maximum load measured when a leather specimen standardized in accordance with KS M 6888 Korean Standard Leather Testing Method for Apparel is fixed at both ends to a tensile testing machine and stretched at a constant rate until the material exceeds its elastic limit and breaks, expressed in Newton (N). The tensile breaking load is an indicator that quantitatively evaluates the tensile strength and durability of leather.

[0043] In the present invention, the tensile breaking load of the vegan leather may be about 10 N to about 200 N. Specifically, it may be about 20 N to about 180 N, about 30 N to about 160 N, about 40 N to about 140 N, about 50 N to about 120 N, or about 50 N to about 100 N. The term "tearing load" refers to the average load value required to continuously tear leather from a site after an initial incision (cut) is made in a leather sample. Specifically, it is the average load value per unit length required when an initial incision is made in a leather specimen prepared in a specific shape by the double-edged tearing method according to KS M 6888 Korean Standard Leather Testing Method for Apparel, and the leather is pulled at a constant speed to tear, expressed in Newton (N). The tearing load is an important physical property that evaluates the degree to which leather withstands tearing or breakage in an actual use environment.

[0044] In the present invention, the tear load of the vegan leather may be about 1 N to about 100 N. Specifically, it may be about 2 N to about 90 N, about 3 N to about 80 N, about 4 N to about 70 N, about 5 N to about 60 N, about 6 N to about 50 N, about 7 N to about 50 N, about 8 N to about 50 N, about 9 N to about 50 N, or about 10 N to about 50 N.

[0045] In one embodiment, the vegan leather comprising net mushrooms and mushroom mycelia has an average thickness of about 0.5 mm to about 10 mm and a tensile strength of about 4.5 N / mm. 2 About 50 N / mm 2 , the tensile strength may be from about 40 mm to about 70 mm, the tensile breaking load may be from about 50 N to about 100 N, or the tensile breaking load may be from 50 N to 100 N.

[0046] In one embodiment, the vegan leather comprising a mixture of net mushrooms and mushroom mycelia and pore mushrooms and mushroom mycelia has an average thickness of about 1 mm to about 10 mm and a tensile strength of about 5 N / mm. 2 About 50 N / mm 2 Alternatively, the lecture may be 40 mm to 70 mm.

[0047] One aspect of the present invention provides a method for producing vegan leather comprising mushroom mycelia, comprising the steps of: (a) producing a mycelial aggregate by culturing any one mushroom strain selected from the group consisting of net mushrooms, mushrooms, oyster mushrooms, mushrooms, and combinations thereof; (b) producing a mycelial mat using the mycelial aggregate; and (c) producing vegan leather using the produced mycelial mat.

[0048] At this time, the above-mentioned net mushrooms, mushrooms, oyster mushrooms, mycelia, and vegan leather are the same as those described above.

[0049] Specifically, in the present invention, the vegan leather may include the following steps.

[0050] The method comprises the step of producing a mycelial aggregate by culturing any one mushroom strain selected from the group consisting of net mushrooms, mushrooms, oyster mushrooms, mushrooms and combinations thereof.

[0051] At this time, the cultivation of the mushroom strain is performed for about 1 day to about 20 days, about 1 day to about 19 days, about 1 day to about 18 days, about 1 day to about 17 days, about 1 day to about 16 days, about 1 day to about 15 days, about 1 day to about 14 days, about 1 day to about 13 days, about 1 day to about 12 days, about 1 day to about 11 days, about 1 day to about 10 days, about 2 days to about 20 days, about 2 days to about 19 days, about 2 days to about 18 days, about 2 days to about 17 days, about 2 days to about 16 days, about 2 days to about 15 days, about 2 days to about 14 days, about 2 days to about 13 days, about 2 days to about 12 days, about 2 days to about 11 days, about It may be performed for 2 to about 10 days, about 3 to about 19 days, about 3 to about 18 days, about 3 to about 17 days, about 3 to about 16 days, about 3 to about 15 days, about 3 to about 14 days, about 3 to about 13 days, about 3 to about 12 days, about 3 to about 11 days, or about 3 to about 10 days.

[0052] The above culture may be cultured at about 10°C to about 50°C, about 10°C to about 45°C, about 10°C to about 40°C, about 10°C to about 35°C, about 10°C to about 30°C, about 10°C to about 28°C, about 15°C to about 50°C, about 15°C to about 45°C, about 15°C to about 40°C, about 15°C to about 35°C, about 15°C to about 30°C, about 15°C to about 28°C, about 20°C to about 50°C, about 20°C to about 45°C, about 20°C to about 40°C, about 20°C to about 35°C, about 20°C to about 30°C, about 20°C to about 28°C, or about 24°C to about 27°C.

[0053] The above cultivation may be performed while blocking light.

[0054] The above cultivation may be culturing the mushroom strain on a solid medium, a liquid medium, or a combination thereof.

[0055] The solid medium may be any one selected from the group consisting of, but not limited to, PDA (Potato dextrose agar) medium, Mushroom minimal medium, Mushroom complete medium, Compost extraction medium, Malt medium, and Sawdust extraction medium. In one embodiment, the solid medium may be PDA medium.

[0056] The liquid medium may be any one selected from the group consisting of PDB (Potato dextrose broth) medium and mushroom complete medium. In one embodiment, the liquid medium may be PDB medium.

[0057] The mushroom strain can be grown in a liquid medium for about 1 day to about 20 days, about 1 day to about 19 days, about 1 day to about 18 days, about 1 day to about 17 days, about 1 day to about 16 days, about 1 day to about 15 days, about 1 day to about 14 days, about 1 day to about 13 days, about 1 day to about 12 days, about 1 day to about 11 days, about 1 day to about 10 days, about 2 days to about 20 days, about 2 days to about 19 days, about 2 days to about 18 days, about 2 days to about 17 days, about 2 days to about 16 days, about 2 days to about 15 days, about 2 days to about 14 days, about 2 days to about 13 days, about 2 days to about 12 days, about 2 days to about 11 days, about 2 days It can be performed for about 10 days, about 3 days to about 19 days, about 3 days to about 18 days, about 3 days to about 17 days, about 3 days to about 16 days, about 3 days to about 15 days, about 3 days to about 14 days, about 3 days to about 13 days, about 3 days to about 12 days, about 3 days to about 11 days, about 3 days to about 10 days, or about 3 days to about 8 days. Preferably, it can be performed for about 3 days to about 5 days.

[0058] The step of producing a mycelial aggregate by culturing any one mushroom strain selected from the group consisting of the above-mentioned net mushrooms, mushrooms, oyster mushrooms, mushrooms, and combinations thereof may be culturing the mushroom mycelia in a solid medium for about 1 to about 20 days and then culturing them in a liquid medium for about 1 to about 20 days.

[0059] Additionally, the mycelia may be cultured for an additional period of about 10 to about 100 days to obtain mycelial aggregates. Specifically, it can be performed for about 10 days to about 100 days, about 10 days to about 90 days, about 10 days to about 80 days, about 10 days to about 70 days, about 10 days to about 60 days, about 10 days to about 50 days, about 20 days to about 100 days, about 20 days to about 90 days, about 20 days to about 80 days, about 20 days to about 70 days, about 20 days to about 60 days, about 20 days to about 50 days, about 30 days to about 100 days, about 30 days to about 90 days, about 30 days to about 80 days, about 30 days to about 70 days, about 30 days to about 60 days, about 30 days to about 50 days, or about 30 days to about 45 days. At this time, the liquid medium is the same as described above.

[0060] The method comprises the step of preparing a mycelial mat from the mycelial aggregate.

[0061] The above mycelial mat can be manufactured by performing at least one process selected from the group consisting of filtering and washing the mycelial aggregate.

[0062] The above mycelial aggregate can be filtered to a desired thickness through a sieve of about 10 mesh to about 300 mesh, about 10 mesh to about 250 mesh, about 10 mesh to about 200 mesh, about 15 mesh to about 300 mesh, about 15 mesh to about 250 mesh, about 15 mesh to about 200 mesh, about 20 mesh to about 300 mesh, about 20 mesh to about 250 mesh, or about 20 mesh to about 200 mesh.

[0063] The above washing can be done with water.

[0064] The above mycelial mat means that the mycelia cultured under the above conditions are formed to a thickness of more than about 5 mm, about 5 mm to about 50 mm, about 5 mm to about 45 mm, about 5 mm to about 40 mm, about 5 mm to about 35 mm, about 5 mm to about 30 mm, about 5 mm to about 25 mm, about 5 mm to about 20 mm, about 5 mm to about 15 mm, or about 5 mm to about 10 mm.

[0065] The above mycelial mat can be manufactured by separating and washing the mycelial aggregates on the upper surface of the medium, and then pressing and drying them.

[0066] At this time, the separated and washed mycelia aggregate can be manufactured into a single layer or multiple layers as needed, pressed and dried to manufacture a mycelia mat.

[0067] The method comprises the step of manufacturing vegan leather from mycelial mats.

[0068] The above step may include a step of hydrolyzing the mycelial mat; and a step of neutralizing the hydrolyzed mycelial mat.

[0069] The above hydrolysis can be performed by adding an acid or a base. The above hydrolysis can be performed using sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Specifically, it can be performed by immersing the mycelial mat in a sodium hydroxide solution. At this time, the sodium hydroxide solution is about 10% (w / v) to about 90% (w / v), about 10% (w / v) to about 85% (w / v), about 10% (w / v) to about 80% (w / v), about 10% (w / v) to about 75% (w / v), about 10% (w / v) to about 70% (w / v), about 15% (w / v) to about 90% (w / v), about 15% (w / v) to about 85% (w / v), about 15% (w / v) to about 80% (w / v), about 15% (w / v) to about 75% (w / v), about 15% (w / v) to about 70% (w / v), about 20% (w / v) to about 90% (w / v), about It can be from 20% (w / v) to about 85% (w / v), from about 20% (w / v) to about 80% (w / v), from about 20% (w / v) to about 75% (w / v), or from about 20% (w / v) to about 70% (w / v).

[0070] At this time, the solution may be a solution filtered through a filter paper, and the filter paper may be a filter paper having a pore size of about 3 μm to about 10 μm. Specifically, it may be a filter paper having a pore size of about 6 μm.

[0071] The hydrolysis may be performed for about 1 day to about 20 days, about 1 day to about 18 days, about 1 day to about 16 days, about 1 day to about 14 days, about 1 day to about 12 days, about 1 day to about 10 days, about 2 days to about 20 days, about 2 days to about 18 days, about 2 days to about 16 days, about 2 days to about 14 days, about 2 days to about 12 days, about 2 days to about 10 days, about 3 days to about 20 days, about 3 days to about 18 days, about 3 days to about 16 days, about 3 days to about 14 days, about 3 days to about 12 days, or about 3 days to about 10 days.

[0072] The above neutralization may be performed by immersion in a weak acid solution.

[0073] The above weak acid solution may be any one selected from acetic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, malic acid, or tartaric acid. In one specific example, the above weak acid solution may be natural acetic acid.

[0074] The concentration of the weak acid solution is about 10% (w / v) to about 90% (w / v), about 10% (w / v) to about 80% (w / v), about 10% (w / v) to about 70% (w / v), about 10% (w / v) to about 60% (w / v), about 10% (w / v) to about 50% (w / v), about 20% (w / v) to about 90% (w / v), about 20% (w / v) to about 80% (w / v), about 20% (w / v) to about 70% (w / v), about 20% (w / v) to about 60% (w / v), about 20% (w / v) to about 50% (w / v), about 30% (w / v) to about 90% (w / v), about It can be from 30% (w / v) to about 80% (w / v), from about 30% (w / v) to about 70% (w / v), from about 30% (w / v) to about 60% (w / v), or from about 30% (w / v) to about 50% (w / v).

[0075] The above hydrolysis and neutralization may be repeated once, twice, three times, or four or more times.

[0076] The above method may further include a step of crosslinking by treating a crosslinking agent.

[0077] As used herein, the term "cross-linking agent" refers to a composition or additive that forms a bond that links one polymer chain to another. In the present invention, the cross-linking agent can bind hydrolyzed chitin to each other. Chitin, a major component of fungal cell walls, has a fiber structure similar to the cellulose of wood. This means that fungal fibers can be processed into sheets or leather, much in the same way that wood is made into paper.

[0078] In the present invention, the crosslinking agent can be performed by treatment for 1 to 10 days. Specifically, the cross-linking agent is a red ginseng extract solution, a mulberry extract solution, a lotus flower and lotus leaf extract solution, an okra extract solution, a green tea leaf extract solution, a mulberry leaf extract solution, a radish flower extract solution, a kudzu flower extract solution, a kudzu extract solution, a safflower flower extract solution, acacia flower extract solution, a potato extract solution, a water parsley flower extract solution, a magnolia berry extract solution, a persimmon extract solution, a blueberry extract solution, a chestnut peel extract solution, a wolfberry extract solution, a cucumber extract solution, an aloe extract solution, a loofah extract solution, a lettuce extract solution, a black bean extract solution, a peppermint extract solution, a lemon extract solution, a grape seed extract, a sunflower seed extract solution, a mistletoe extract solution, a walnut tree and fruit extract solution, a rosemary extract solution, a rose extract. Or, it may be a gardenia extract solution, but is not limited thereto. More specifically, the cross-linking agent may be a gardenia extract solution. The gardenia extract solution may bind the chitin components of the mycelia to each other, thereby maintaining the hardness and flexibility of the vegan leather. In addition, the cross-linking agent may use a weak acid solution, and in one example, natural acetic acid may be used.

[0079] In one specific example, the method may be performed by immersing the sterilized mycelia in a gardenia extract solution for 2 to 3 days. At this time, the concentration of the gardenia extract solution may be about 5% (w / v) to about 50% (w / v). Specifically, it may be about 5% (w / v) to about 50% (w / v), about 5% (w / v) to about 40% (w / v), about 5% (w / v) to about 30% (w / v), about 5% (w / v) to about 20% (w / v), or about 5% (w / v) to about 10% (w / v). Preferably, it may be about 10% (w / v).

[0080] Afterwards, the mycelial mat can be further washed and dried. Drying is the same as described above.

[0081] A step of plasticizing the above cross-linked mycelial mat may be further included.

[0082] As used herein, the term "plasticization" refers to reducing the viscosity and increasing the plasticity of a material. Plasticity, or ductility, refers to flexibility and the property of a material to undergo permanent deformation when deformed by force.

[0083] The above plasticization can be achieved by adding a plasticizer to a material to impart specific properties. Plasticizers, such as glycerol or water, act like lubricants by filling the space between polymer chains, increasing the distance between them, and thus improving the polymer's ability to move.

[0084] The above plasticization can be performed by treating with a plasticizer for about 1 day to about 20 days, about 1 day to about 18 days, about 1 day to about 16 days, about 1 day to about 14 days, about 1 day to about 12 days, about 1 day to about 10 days, about 1 day to about 8 days, about 1 day to about 6 days, or about 1 day to about 5 days.

[0085] The plasticizer may include, but is not limited to, one or more selected from the group consisting of glycerin, cyclodextrin, lavender oil, castor oil, and cinnamaldehyde. The plasticizer may be vegetable glycerin.

[0086] In one embodiment, plasticization of the mycelial mat can be accomplished by immersing it in a 20% to 50% glycerin / ethanol solution (w / v) for one or two days.

[0087] The step of manufacturing the above mycelial mat into vegan leather may further include performing one step selected from the group consisting of washing, pressing, and drying.

[0088] The above washing can be performed with water.

[0089] The pressing can be performed at about 50°C to about 200°C, about 60°C to about 200°C, about 70°C to about 200°C, about 80°C to about 200°C, about 90°C to about 200°C, about 100°C to about 200°C, about 50°C to about 190°C, about 50°C to about 180°C, about 50°C to about 170°C, about 50°C to about 160°C, about 50°C to about 150°C, about 50°C to about 140°C, about 50°C to about 130°C, about 50°C to about 120°C, about 50°C to about 110°C, or about 50°C to about 100°C. The pressing may be performed for about 1 day to about 20 days, about 1 day to about 18 days, about 1 day to about 16 days, about 1 day to about 14 days, about 1 day to about 12 days, about 1 day to about 10 days, about 2 days to about 20 days, about 2 days to about 18 days, about 2 days to about 16 days, about 2 days to about 14 days, about 2 days to about 12 days, about 2 days to about 10 days, about 3 days to about 20 days, about 3 days to about 18 days, about 3 days to about 16 days, about 3 days to about 14 days, about 3 days to about 12 days, or about 3 days to about 10 days.

[0090] The drying may be performed at about 30°C to about 80°C, about 30°C to about 75°C, about 30°C to about 70°C, about 30°C to about 60°C, about 35°C to about 80°C, about 35°C to about 75°C, about 35°C to about 70°C, about 35°C to about 65°C, about 40°C to about 80°C, about 40°C to about 75°C, about 40°C to about 70°C, or about 40°C to about 65°C. The drying may be performed for about 1 day to about 10 days, about 1 day to about 9 days, about 1 day to about 8 days, about 1 day to about 7 days, about 1 day to about 6 days, about 1 day to about 5 days, about 1 day to about 4 days, about 1 day to about 3 days, or about 1 day to about 2 days.

[0091] The above step (c) may additionally include a post-processing step.

[0092] The above “post-processing” may include, but is not limited to, a post-dyed ball, a raised ball, a coated ball or a pressed ball.

[0093] This method has the advantages of requiring undemanding cultivation and cultivation conditions for mushroom mycelia, a simple production process since leather is formed directly in a liquid medium, and no chemicals are used in the fabric manufacturing process. Furthermore, leather manufacturing can be performed simultaneously with mycelia formation. This method saves approximately 50% of the time required for leather manufacturing compared to conventional methods. Furthermore, the simplified manufacturing process reduces contamination and reduces manufacturing costs by at least 50%. It also allows for continuous operation during mass production, allows quantitative control, and facilitates the manufacture of a variety of products. Furthermore, it facilitates the standardization or standardization of individual products.

[0094] The vegan leather manufactured by the above method has a texture similar to that of regular leather, is easy to control the thickness of the livestock, can be artificially adjusted to a certain degree, and can be used not only for leather but also for packaging materials.

[0095] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail through the following examples. However, these examples are intended to exemplify the present invention and the scope of the present invention is not limited to these examples.

[0096] Example 1. Vegan leather containing black net mushroom mycelia

[0097] Example 1.1. Preparation of mushroom mycelia

[0098] The mushroom strain was inoculated with the black net mushroom (Retiboletus nigerrimus) strain on PDA (Potato dextrose agar) medium and cultured at about 24°C to about 27°C for 3 to 10 days (Fig. 3). Then, the mycelia obtained from the solid medium were cut into pieces of 2 to 3 mm in size, inoculated into PDB (Potato dextrose broth) liquid medium, and cultured in the dark at about 24°C to about 27°C for 3 to 10 days (Fig. 4a). Thereafter, the mycelia obtained from the liquid medium were mixed in an oxygen-supplied incubator to produce mycelial aggregates (Fig. 4b).

[0099] After washing the above mycelial aggregate with purified water, it was filtered through a sieve of 20 to 200 mesh. The filtered mycelial aggregate was dried using a hot air dryer at about 40°C to about 65°C for 1 to 2 days (Fig. 5).

[0100] Example 1.2. Preparation of mycelial mat using black net mushroom mycelia

[0101] In order to manufacture the mycelial mat of the present invention, the mycelial aggregate formed in the upper part of the container in Example 1 was separated and washed. Thereafter, the mycelial mat was manufactured in a single layer or double layer, pressed for 2 to 5 days, and dried at about 25°C to about 30°C.

[0102] Example 1.3. Sterilization and processing of mycelial mats

[0103] The mycelial mat of Example 2 was hydrolyzed by immersing it in a 20% to 70% sodium hydroxide solution (w / v) for 1 to 5 hours.

[0104] Thereafter, the mycelial mat was washed in purified water and soaked in natural acetic acid, a weak acid solution, for 1 to 2 days to bind the chitin within the hydrolyzed mycelial mat. Then, it was dried at about 25°C to about 30°C for 2 to 5 days.

[0105] After drying, the mycelial mat was washed and further immersed in a 20% to 50% glycerin-ethanol solution (w / v) as a plasticizer for 1 to 5 hours, washed, and pressed. The pressed mycelial mat was dried at about 25°C to about 30°C for 5 to 10 days. The resulting vegan leather manufactured through the above process is shown in Fig. 6.

[0106] Subsequently, to test the strength of the vegan leather manufactured using mycelia, leather specimens of a certain shape were created (Fig. 7). The strength of the vegan leather is shown in Table 1.

[0107] Classification ContentsAverage thickness (mm)Tensile breaking load (N)Specimen 1-ply 1.2368.7Specimen 22-ply fabric (natural adhesive) 1.8472.9Recommended standard--49N or more

[0108] Example 2. Vegan leather containing songpyeon mushroom and black net mushroom mycelia

[0109] Example 2.1. Preparation of mushroom mycelia

[0110] Mushroom strains, Trametes suaveolens and Retiboletus nigerrimus, were inoculated onto PDA (Potato dextrose agar) medium and cultured at about 24°C to about 27°C for 3 to 6 days. The culture results for Trametes suaveolens are shown in Fig. 9.

[0111] Afterwards, it was inoculated into a liquid PDB (Potato dextrose broth) medium and cultured in the dark at about 24°C to about 27°C for 3 to 6 days. Afterwards, it was additionally cultured at about 24°C to about 27°C for 30 to 45 days to obtain mycelial aggregates (Fig. 10).

[0112] At this time, the mushroom mycelia and medium were placed flat in a sterilized container, and natural fibers such as cotton, ramie, linen, or hemp were placed on the upper layer of the medium as needed to allow the mycelia to grow evenly on the surface of the cotton fibers (Fig. 11).

[0113] Example 2.2. Preparation of mycelial mats using songpyeon mushroom and black net mushroom mycelia.

[0114] In order to manufacture the mycelial mat of the present invention, the mycelial aggregate formed on the upper part of the container in Example 1 was separated and washed. Thereafter, the mycelial mat was manufactured in a single layer or double layer, pressed for 2 to 5 days, and dried at about 25°C to about 30°C (Fig. 12).

[0115] Example 2.3. Sterilization and processing of mycelial mats

[0116] The mycelial mat of Example 2 was immersed in lye (25% sodium hydroxide solution) for 2 to 3 days to hydrolyze the mycelial mat (Fig. 13). The lye was prepared by shaking a 50% sodium hydroxide solution (w / v) at 100 rpm for 24 hours and then filtering it with a 6 μm filter paper.

[0117] Thereafter, the hydrolyzed mycelial mat was soaked in a solution of gardenia extract for 2 to 3 days to bind the chitin. The solution of gardenia extract was prepared by soaking 100% gardenia powder in purified water and shaking at 100 rpm for 24 hours to produce a 10% gardenia extract solution (w / v). Then, it was dried at about 25°C to about 30°C for 2 to 5 days.

[0118] After drying, the mycelial mat was further immersed in a solution containing vegetable glycerin and ethanol in a 1:1 ratio as a plasticizer for 1 to 2 days, washed, and pressed. The pressed mycelial mat was dried at about 25°C to about 30°C for 5 to 10 days. The resulting vegan leather manufactured through the above process is shown in Fig. 14.

Claims

1. Vegan leather comprising mushroom mycelia selected from the group consisting of net mushrooms, mushrooms, porifera, mushrooms and combinations thereof.

2. In paragraph 1, Vegan leather containing mushroom mycelia, wherein the above-mentioned net mushrooms and mushrooms are any one selected from the group consisting of silk net mushrooms (Suillus luteus), black net mushrooms (Retiboletus nigerrimus), net mushrooms (Boletus edulis), mountain net mushrooms (Xerocomus subtomentosus), plate net mushrooms (Rugiboletus extremiorientalis), pine net mushrooms (Boletus pinophilus), net mushrooms (Boletus reticulatus), Suwon net mushrooms (Boletus auripes), red net mushrooms (Rubroboletus rubellus), black-purple bitter net mushrooms (Tylopilus nigropurpureus), ghost net mushrooms (Strobilomyces strobilaceus), and chestnut net mushrooms (Cyanoboletus pulverulentus).

3. In paragraph 1, Vegan leather containing mushroom mycelia, wherein the above-mentioned oyster mushrooms are any one selected from the group consisting of Trametes versicolor, Abundisporus subflexibilis, Daedaleopsis confragosa, Panelus serotinus, Polyporus tuberaster, Pycnoporus, Fomes fomentarius, Trichaptum abietinum, Sparassis crispa, and Trametes versicolor.

4. In paragraph 1, Vegan leather comprising mushroom mycelia, characterized in that the above vegan leather has an average thickness of about 0.5 mm to about 10 mm.

5. In paragraph 1, The above vegan leather has a tensile strength of approximately 4.5 N / mm 2 About 50 N / mm 2 Vegan leather comprising mushroom mycelia, characterized by:

6. In paragraph 1, Vegan leather comprising mushroom mycelia, characterized in that the vegan leather has a stiffness of about 40 mm to about 70 mm.

7. In paragraph 1, The vegan leather comprising mushroom mycelia is characterized in that the tensile breaking load of the vegan leather is about 50 N to about 100 N.

8. In paragraph 1, The vegan leather comprising mushroom mycelia, characterized in that the above vegan leather has a tearing load of about 10 N to about 50 N.

9. A method for manufacturing vegan leather containing mushroom mycelia, comprising the following steps: (a) a step of producing a mycelial aggregate by culturing any one mushroom strain selected from the group consisting of net mushrooms, mushrooms, oyster mushrooms, mushrooms and combinations thereof; (b) a step of producing a mycelial mat with the above mycelial aggregate; and (c) A step of manufacturing the above-mentioned mycelial mat into vegan leather.

10. In paragraph 9, A method in which the above step (a) is culturing the mushroom strain for about 1 to about 20 days.

11. In paragraph 9, A method in which the above step (a) is culturing the mushroom strain at about 10°C to about 50°C.

12. In paragraph 9, A method wherein the step (a) above is to cultivate the mushroom strain in a solid medium, a liquid medium, or a combination thereof.

13. In paragraph 12, A method wherein the solid medium is any one selected from the group consisting of PDA (Potato dextrose agar) medium, mushroom minimal medium, mushroom complete medium, compost extraction medium, malt medium, and sawdust extraction medium.

14. In paragraph 12, A method wherein the above liquid medium is one selected from the group consisting of PDB (Potato dextrose broth) medium and mushroom complete medium.

15. In paragraph 9, The method of the above step (a), wherein the mushroom mycelia are cultured in a solid medium for 1 to 20 days and then cultured in a liquid medium for 1 to 20 days.

16. In paragraph 9, A method wherein, in the step (b), the mycelial mat is manufactured by performing at least one process selected from the group consisting of filtering and washing the mycelial aggregate.

17. In paragraph 9, The above step (c) is a step of hydrolyzing the mycelial mat; A step of neutralizing the hydrolyzed mycelial mat; and A method comprising a step of crosslinking the neutralized mycelial mat.

18. In paragraph 17, A method in which hydrolysis is performed by adding an acid or a base.

19. In paragraph 17, A method wherein the above crosslinking is performed by immersing in a gardenia extract or acetic acid.

20. In paragraph 17, A method further comprising the step of plasticizing the cross-linked mycelial mat.

21. In paragraph 20, A method wherein the above plasticization is performed in the presence of glycerin, cyclodextrin, lavender oil, castor oil and cinnamaldehyde.

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