Polyester resin composition with improved light transmittance
A copolyester composition with specific diacid and glycol components, along with reinforcing fillers, addresses the limitations of existing plastics by achieving high heat distortion temperature and light transmission, enhancing LED holder performance.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/115576
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-08-29
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-05
AI Technical Summary
Commonly used plastics for electronic articles, such as LED assemblies, limit design freedom and efficiency due to physical properties that hinder their performance and ease of molding.
A copolyester composition comprising specific diacid and glycol components, along with reinforcing fillers, chain extenders, and nucleating agents, which provides high heat distortion temperature and improved light transmission, enabling the production of LED holders with enhanced performance.
The copolyester composition achieves an HDT of at least 250°C and light transmission of at least 45%, offering improved design latitude and efficiency in molding LED holders.
Smart Images

Figure PCTCN2024115576-FTAPPB-I100001 
Figure PCTCN2024115576-FTAPPB-I100002 
Figure PCTCN2024115576-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
POLYESTER RESIN COMPOSITION WITH IMPROVED LIGHT TRANSMITTANCEFIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of polymer-based resins useful for forming articles or components of articles requiring a relatively high heat deflection temperature and that would benefit from improved light transmittance. In one aspect, the articles / components are components of a light emitting diode (LED) . Plastic articles or components for such articles made using these resin compositions, such as an LED holder, are also provided.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Plastics are a preferred material for making articles / devices that are made into specific designs or configurations and / or produced in high volume, based on the relative efficiency of molding parts and articles of various shapes and designs. For example, small electronic devices and components, such an LED assembly or its components, are often manufactured by molding plastic parts that form the assembly to produce the electronic device or article.
[0003] However, commonly used plastics for electronic articles, e.g., an LED assembly, can have physical properties that limit the design freedom and efficiency of the article for its intended use. Thus, there is a need for plastic materials that provide for higher design latitude and improved performance of the article, are easily formed into articles / components, and maintain acceptable physical properties.
[0004] It would be beneficial to be able to provide polymer-based resins that can be melt processed and articles made from such compositions that do not have such drawbacks.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0005] Surprisingly, it had been discovered that articles, e.g., LED holders, molded from certain copolyester plastics have relatively high heat distortion temperature (HDT) and improved light transmission. In embodiments, such articles can provide improved performance related to the higher light transmission. In one aspect, articles can be prepared from copolyester compositions having increase light transmission (compared to compositions based on the same base polymer) and an HDT exceeding 250℃, or 260℃.
[0006] In a first aspect of the invention, it is directed to a copolyester composition comprising:
[0007] (a) 65 to 85, or 65 to 80 weight %of a polyester component that comprises at least one copolyester, said at least one copolyester comprising:
[0008] (i) a diacid component comprising
[0009] 80 to 100 mole %residues of terephthalic acid,
[0010] 0 to 20 mole %residues of a modifying aromatic diacid having 8 to 12 carbon atoms, and
[0011] 0 to 20 mole %residues of an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid; and
[0012] (ii) a glycol component comprising
[0013] 80 to 100 mole %cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM) residues, and
[0014] 0 to 20 mole%of a modifying glycol having 2 to 20 carbon atoms;
[0015] wherein the inherent viscosity of the polyester is from 0.60 to 1.2, or 0.7 to 1.2 dL / g as determined using a solution of 10mL of a 70 / 30 (vt / vt) azeotrope of DCM / HFIP and 10μl of toluene at 25℃, and
[0016] wherein the weight %is based on the weight of the copolyester, wherein the total mole %of the dicarboxylic acid component is 100 mole %and the total mole %of the glycol component is 100 mole %; and
[0017] (b) 5 to 40, or 10 to 20 weight %of a reinforcing material component that comprises a reinforcing filler material; and
[0018] (c) 0.3 to 5, or greater than 0.3 to less than 5 weight %of a chain extender component that comprises at least one chain extender; and
[0019] (d) 0.1 to 5, or 0.5 to 5 weight %of a nucleating agent component that comprises at least one nucleating agent;
[0020] wherein the copolyester composition has an HDT of at least 250℃ and a transmittance of at least 45%, measured according to ASTM D1003 for a 1 mm plaque or a transmittance of at least 38%, or at least 40%, measured according to ASTM D1003 for a 1 mm plaque after annealing at 150℃ for 6 hours.
[0021] In embodiments, the at least one copolyester that comprises:
[0022] (a) a dicarboxylic acid component comprising: 90 to 100 mole %of terephthalic acid residues; and
[0023] (b) a glycol component comprising: 90 to 100 mole %of 1, 4-cyclohexanedimethanol residues,
[0024] wherein the total mole %of the dicarboxylic acid component is 100 mole %, and the total mole %of the glycol component is 100 mole %; and wherein the inherent viscosity is 0.60 to 1.2 dL / g as determined using a solution of 10mL of a 70 / 30 (vt / vt) azeotrope of DCM / HFIP and 10μl of toluene at 25℃; and wherein the at least one copolyester has a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 85℃ to 105℃, or 90℃ to 100℃.
[0025] In embodiments, the dicarboxylic acid component comprises:
[0026] i) 95 to 100 mole%of terephthalic acid residues; and
[0027] ii) 0 to 5 mole%of isophthalic acid residues.
[0028] In other embodiments, the dicarboxylic acid component comprises:
[0029] i) 98 to 100 mole%of terephthalic acid residues; and
[0030] ii) 0 to 2 mole%of isophthalic acid residues
[0031] In other embodiments, the dicarboxylic acid component comprises 100 mole%terephthalic acid residues and the glycol component comprises 100 mole %of 1, 4-cyclohexanedimethanol residues.
[0032] In embodiments, the polyester component further comprises at least one amorphous copolyester. In embodiments, the at least one amorphous copolyester comprises:
[0033] (i) a diacid component comprising:
[0034] 70 to 100 mole %residues of terephthalic acid,
[0035] 0 to 30 mole %residues of a modifying aromatic diacid having 8 to 12 carbon atoms, and
[0036] 0 to 30 mole %residues of an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid; and
[0037] (ii) a glycol component comprising:
[0038] 1 to 99, or 5 to 40 mole %of cyclic diol residues having a 3 to 5 member cyclic structure or cyclic diol resides having a bicyclic structure with each individual ring in the bicyclic structure having 3 to 5 members; and
[0039] 1 to 99, or 50 to 95 mole %cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM) residues, and
[0040] 0 to 80, or 0 to 40 mole%of a modifying glycol having 2 to 20 carbon atoms;
[0041] wherein the inherent viscosity of the at least one copolyester is from 0.60 to 1.2, or 0.7 to 1.2 dL / g as determined using a solution of 10mL of a 70 / 30 (vt / vt) azeotrope of DCM / HFIP and 10μl of toluene at 25℃, and
[0042] wherein the total mole %of the dicarboxylic acid component is 100 mole %and the total mole %of the glycol component is 100 mole %.
[0043] In embodiments, the polyester component comprises a blend of the at least one polyester and the at least one amorphous copolyester, and wherein the blend comprises 90 to 99 weight%of the at least one polyester and 1 to 10 weight%of the at least one amorphous copolyester.
[0044] In embodiments, the at least one amorphous copolyester comprises:
[0045] (a) a dicarboxylic acid component comprising:
[0046] i) 70 to 100 mole %of terephthalic acid residues;
[0047] (b) a glycol component comprising:
[0048] i) 20 to 40 mole %of 2, 2, 4, 4-tetramethyl-1, 3-cyclobutanediol (TMCD) residues; and
[0049] ii) 60 to 80 mole %of 1, 4-cyclohexanedimethanol residues, wherein the total mole %of the dicarboxylic acid component is 100 mole %, and the total mole %of the glycol component is 100 mole %; and wherein the inherent viscosity is 0.55 to 1.2 dL / g as determined using a solution of 10mL of a 70 / 30 (vt / vt) azeotrope of DCM / HFIP and 10μl of toluene at 25℃; and wherein the at least one copolyester has a Tg of at least 95℃.
[0050] In embodiments, the polyester composition has an inherent viscosity is 0.70 to 1.0 dL / g, or 0.75 to 0.95 dL / g. In embodiments, the polyester composition has a crystallization half time from 5 seconds to 5 minutes, or 5 seconds to 3 minutes, or 5 seconds to 1 minute.
[0051] In embodiments, the reinforcing filler material is chosen from glass fiber, glass flakes, glass beads or combinations thereof. In embodiments, the reinforcing filler material is glass fiber having an average fiber length in a range from 3 to 5 mm. In embodiments, the glass fiber can be cylindrical and / or flat. In embodiments, the glass fiber is cylindrical and has an average fiber length in a range from 3 to 5 mm and an average fiber diameter from 7 to 15 um.In embodiments, the glass fiber is a flat glass fiber having an aspect ratio from 3 to 5.
[0052] In embodiments, the at least one chain extender comprises a multifunctional epoxide chain extender. In embodiments, the multifunctional epoxide chain extender has an average of 2 to 10, or 3 to 8, or 3 to 7 pendant epoxy groups per molecule.
[0053] In embodiments, the at least one nucleating agent is chosen from talc, sodium montanate, 5-dimethyl potassium sulfonyl isophthalateother, zinc phenylphosphonate, or combinations thereof.
[0054] In embodiments, the polyester composition comprises an impact modifier component (e) that comprises at least one polymeric impact modifier. In embodiments, the impact modifier can be chosen from ethylene / propylene terpolymers; functionalized polyolefins, such as those containing methyl acrylate and / or glycidyl methacrylate (e.g., grafted functionalized polyolefins) ; styrene-based block copolymeric impact modifiers; various acrylic core / shell type impact modifiers; or combinations thereof.
[0055] In another aspect, the invention is directed to a molded article comprising the polyester composition (as described herein) . In embodiments, the molded article is a component of a light emitting diode (LED) assembly. In embodiments, the molded article is an LED holder.
[0056] In another aspect, the invention is directed to a light emitting diode (LED) , e.g., a chip scale package light emitting diode (CSPLED) , comprising a semi-transparent LED holder, wherein the LED holder comprises the polyester composition according to any of the embodiments described herein, and wherein the LED has a light emit angle greater than 120°, or greater than 130°, or greater than 140°.
[0057] In embodiments, the polyester composition used to make the LED holder has a total transmittance of at least 38%, or at least 40%, or at least 45%measured according to ASTM D1003 using a 1 mm plaque, after annealing the plaque at 150℃ for 6 hours.
[0058] In certain embodiments, the polyester composition also has at least one of the following properties chosen from: tensile modulus of greater than 4500 MPa as measured according to ASTM D638 using a 3.2 mm thick bar that has been subjected to 50%relative humidity for 40 hours at 23oC; a tensile stress at break of at least 70 MPa, measured according to ASTM D638; or a transmission of at least 38%, or at least 40%, or at least 45%, measured according to ASTM D1003 using a 1 mm plaque after injection molding at a barrel set point of 280-310℃ and a mold temperature of 120-150℃, and after annealing the plaque at 150℃ for 6 hours. In embodiments, the copolyester composition has at least 2, or at least 3 of the listed properties.
[0059] In embodiments of the invention, the molded articles or components thereof can be chosen from injection molded articles, extrusion molded articles, rotational molded articles, compression molded articles, blow molded articles, injection blow molded articles, injection stretch blow molded articles, extrusion blow molded articles, sheet or film extrusion articles, profile extrusion articles, gas assist molding articles, structural foam molded articles, or thermoformed articles. In embodiments, the article or component is made by an in-mold labelling injection molding process or an injection molding process. In embodiments, the articles / component is an LED holder made by such processes.
[0060] In other embodiments, the polyester composition is semi-crystalline.
[0061] In embodiments, the polyester compositions can comprise a blend of different polyesters, wherein the polyester component comprises:
[0062] (a) a dicarboxylic acid component comprising:
[0063] i) 70 to 100 net mole %of terephthalic acid residues;
[0064] (b) a glycol component comprising:
[0065] i) 1 to 10, or 1 to 5 net mole %of cyclic diol residues having a 3 to 5 member cyclic structure or cyclic diol resides having a bicyclic structure with each individual ring in the bicyclic structure having 3 to 5 members; and
[0066] ii) 90 to 99, or 95 to 99 net mole %of 1, 4-cyclohexanedimethanol residues,
[0067] wherein the total net mole %of the dicarboxylic acid component is 100 mole %, and the total net mole %of the glycol component is 100 mole %; and wherein the inherent viscosity is 0.60 to 1.2 dL / g as determined using a solution of 10mL of a 70 / 30 (vt / vt) azeotrope of DCM / HFIP and 10μl of toluene at 25℃; and wherein the polyester has a Tg of 95℃ to 115℃.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0068] In one aspect of the invention, it is directed to a polyester composition comprising:
[0069] (a) 65 to 85, or 65 to 80 weight %of a polyester component that comprises at least one polyester, said at least one polyester comprising:
[0070] (i) a diacid component comprising
[0071] 80 to 100 mole %residues of terephthalic acid,
[0072] 0 to 20 mole %residues of a modifying aromatic diacid having 8 to 12 carbon atoms, and
[0073] 0 to 20 mole %residues of an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid; and
[0074] (ii) a glycol component comprising
[0075] 80 to 100 mole %cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM) residues, and
[0076] 0 to 20 mole%of a modifying glycol having 2 to 20 carbon atoms;
[0077] wherein the inherent viscosity of the polyester is from 0.60 to 1.2, or 0.7 to 1.2 dL / g as determined using a solution of 10mL of a 70 / 30 (vt / vt) azeotrope of DCM / HFIP and 10μl of toluene at 25℃, and
[0078] wherein the weight %is based on the weight of the copolyester, wherein the total mole %of the dicarboxylic acid component is 100 mole %and the total mole %of the glycol component is 100 mole %; and
[0079] (b) 5 to 40, or 10 to 20 weight %of a reinforcing material component that comprises a reinforcing filler material; and
[0080] (c) 0.3 to 5, or greater than 0.3 to less than 5 weight %of a chain extender component that comprises at least one chain extender; and
[0081] (d) 0.1 to 5, or 0.5 to 5 weight %of a nucleating agent component that comprises at least one nucleating agent;
[0082] wherein the copolyester composition has an HDT of at least 250℃ and a transmittance of at least 38%, or at least 40%, or at least 45%, measured according to ASTM D1003 for a 1 mm plaque or a transmittance of at least 38%, or at least 40%, or at least 45%, measured according to ASTM D1003 for a 1 mm plaque after annealing at 150℃ for 6 hours.
[0083] In certain embodiments, the polyester composition also has at least one of the following properties chosen from: tensile modulus of greater than 4500, or 5000 MPa as measured according to ASTM D638 using a 3.2 mm thick bar that has been subjected to 50%relative humidity for 40 hours at 23℃ after annealing at 150℃ for 6h; a tensile strength at break of at least 70, or 80 , or 90 MPa, measured according to ASTM D638; a transmission of at least 38 or 45, or 50 measured according to ASTM D1003 using a 1 mm plaque after injection molding at a barrel set point of 280-310℃ and a mold temperature of 120-150℃; a transmission of at least 40%or at least 38%, measured according to ASTM D1003 using a 1 mm plaque after annealing at 150C for 6 hrs. In embodiments, the composition has at least 2, or at least 3 of the listed properties. In embodiments, the polyester composition has a transmission of 38 to 50%, or 40 to 50%, or 42 to 48%, measured according to ASTM D1003 using a 1 mm plaque after annealing at 150℃ for 6 hrs.
[0084] The term “polyester, ” as used herein, is intended to include “copolyesters” and is understood to mean a synthetic polymer prepared by the reaction of one or more difunctional carboxylic acids and / or multifunctional carboxylic acids with one or more difunctional hydroxyl compounds and / or multifunctional hydroxyl compounds. Typically, the difunctional carboxylic acid can be a dicarboxylic acid and the difunctional hydroxyl compound can be a dihydric alcohol such as, for example, glycols and diols. The term "glycol" as used in this application includes, but is not limited to, diols, glycols, and / or multifunctional hydroxyl compounds, for example, branching agents. Alternatively, the difunctional carboxylic acid may be a hydroxy carboxylic acid such as, for example, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, and the difunctional hydroxyl compound may be an aromatic nucleus bearing 2 hydroxyl substituents such as, for example, hydroquinone. The term “residue, ” as used herein, means any organic structure incorporated into a polymer through a polycondensation and / or an esterification reaction from the corresponding monomer. The term “repeating unit, ” as used herein, means an organic structure having a dicarboxylic acid residue and a diol residue bonded through a carbonyloxy group. Thus, for example, the dicarboxylic acid residues may be derived from a dicarboxylic acid monomer or its associated acid halides, esters, salts, anhydrides, or mixtures thereof. As used herein, therefore, the term dicarboxylic acid is intended to include dicarboxylic acids and any derivative of a dicarboxylic acid, including its associated acid halides, esters, half-esters, salts, half-salts, anhydrides, mixed anhydrides, or mixtures thereof, useful in a reaction process with a diol to make polyester. Furthermore, as used in this application, the term "diacid" includes multifunctional acids, for example, branching agents. As used herein, the term "terephthalic acid" is intended to include terephthalic acid itself and residues thereof as well as any derivative of terephthalic acid, including its associated acid halides, esters, half-esters, salts, half-salts, anhydrides, mixed anhydrides, or mixtures thereof or residues thereof useful in a reaction process with a diol to make polyester.
[0085] In one embodiment, terephthalic acid may be used as the starting material. In another embodiment, dimethyl terephthalate may be used as the starting material. In yet another embodiment, mixtures of terephthalic acid and dimethyl terephthalate may be used as the starting material and / or as an intermediate material. In embodiments, at least a portion of the terephthalic acid or dimethyl terephthalate used as a starting material has recycle content derived directly or indirectly from recycle waste. In embodiments, the recycle content can be obtained from waste plastic that contains terephthalic acid residues, e.g., recovered monomers obtained through a solvolysis (e.g., methanolysis) process. In embodiments, the terephthalic acid residues present in the polyester (according to any of the embodiments herein) contains at least 50 mole%, or at least 75 mole%, or 100 mole%recycle content. In embodiments, the dicarboxylic acid component of the polyester comprises monomer residues having at least 50 mole%recycle content, or at least 75 mole%recycle content, or 100 mole%recycle content.
[0086] In embodiments, the polyester component includes a diol component that comprises CHDM and, optionally, TMCD and / or EG residues. In embodiments, at least a portion of the CHDM and / or TMCD and / or EG used as a starting material has recycle content derived directly or indirectly from recycle waste. In embodiments, the recycle content can be obtained from waste plastic that contains CHDM and / or TMCD and / or EG residues, e.g., recovered monomers obtained through a solvolysis (e.g., methanolysis) process. In embodiments, the CHDM and / or TMCD and / or EG residues present in the Polyester (according to any of the embodiments herein) contains at least 50 mole%, or at least 75 mole%, or 100 mole%recycle content. In embodiments, the glycol component of the Polyester comprises monomer residues having at least 50 mole%recycle content, or at least 75 mole%recycle content, or 100 mole%recycle content.
[0087] The polyester (as described herein) can have (or include) a recycle content that is provided by chemical recycling where waste material is broken down into small molecules that are then used to make the polyester, e.g., a waste stream (e.g., containing waste plastic) is gasified to produce syngas and the syngas is then utilized in one or more reaction schemes to produce the polyester.
[0088] A recycle content polyester can also be provided that has (or includes) recycle content using a mass balance approach. In a mass balance approach, a recycle content value is determined and then applied or associated with the polyester. A “recycle content value” is a unit of measure representative of a quantity of material having its origin in recycled waste, e.g., recycled plastic. The particular recycle content value can be determined by a mass balance approach or a mass ratio or percentage or any other unit of measure and can be determined according to any system for tracking, allocating, and / or crediting recycle content among various compositions. A recycle content value can be deducted from a recycle content inventory and applied to a product or composition (e.g., the polyester) to attribute recycle content to the product or composition (e.g., the polyester) . A recycle content value can come from waste material (e.g., mixed waste plastic) and can be applied to the polyester based on a mass balance approach that takes into account the stoichiometry and efficiencies of the processes used to make the polyester.
[0089] The recycled content in the polyester can be at least partially derived from recycled polyester of the same type, providing a circular recycling solution. The circular recycling solution can include determining recycle content value (or credits) for waste polyester of the same type and applying at least a portion of such recycle value or credit to the new polyester (e.g., by a mass balance approach) , or can be a closed loop process for providing a recycle polyester where at least a portion of the feedstock utilized in the process / reaction scheme to make the polyester is obtained from the same polyester type. In one aspect, the closed loop process is based on chemical recycling and not mechanical recycling.
[0090] In certain aspects, the closed loop can include end of life vapor delivery articles being used as feedstock to provide recycle content to renewed vapor delivery articles containing recycle content polyester compositions (as described herein) . A closed loop process is differentiated from an open loop process in that the renewed articles made in an open loop process are different from the end of life articles recycled as a feedstock material. The match between recycled articles and renewed material made in a closed loop system does not have to be compositionally identical, e.g., the recycled articles can have a different polymer formulation but have a similar based polyester with the same types of monomer residues. The process to provide recycle content can be operated as a closed loop process and an open loop process simultaneously.
[0091] In various aspects, the polyester composition used to make the articles (as described herein) contains at least 10, or at least 15, or at least 20, or at least 25, or at least 30, or at least 40, or at least 50, or at least 55, or at least 60, or at least 65, or at least 70, or at least 75, or at least 80, or at least 85, or at least 90, or at least 95, or 100 wt%recycle content, by any of the methods (or combinations of methods) for providing recycle content described herein. In certain embodiments, the polyester composition can include content sourced from renewable sources, such as bio-based materials. In one embodiment, the bio-based material is isosorbide. In embodiments, the polyester contains both recycle content and bio-based (or other renewable source) content. In one embodiment, the polyester has at least 5, or at least 10, or at least 15, or at least 20 wt%renewable source content, and optionally also recycle content as described above.
[0092] The polyesters used in the present invention typically can be prepared from dicarboxylic acids and diols which react in substantially equal proportions and are incorporated into the polyester polymer as their corresponding residues. The polyesters of the present invention, therefore, can contain substantially equal molar proportions of acid residues (100 mole%) and diol (and / or multifunctional hydroxyl compounds) residues (100 mole%) such that the total moles of repeating units is equal to 100 mole%. The mole percentages provided in the present disclosure, therefore, may be based on the total moles of acid residues, the total moles of diol residues, or the total moles of repeating units. For example, a polyester containing 4 mole%isophthalic acid, based on the total acid residues, means the polyester contains 4 mole%isophthalic acid residues out of a total of 100 mole%acid residues. Thus, there are 4 moles of isophthalic acid residues among every 100 moles of acid residues. In another example, a polyester containing 15 mole%2, 2, 4, 4-tetramethyl-1, 3-cyclobutanediol, based on the total diol residues, means the polyester contains 15 mole%2, 2, 4, 4-tetramethyl-1, 3-cyclobutanediol residues out of a total of 100 mole%diol residues. Thus, there are 15 moles of 2, 2, 4, 4-tetramethyl-1, 3-cyclobutanediol residues among every 100 moles of diol residues.
[0093] In other aspects of the invention, the Tg of the at least one polyester useful in the invention can be at least one of the following ranges: 85 to 115℃; 85 to 110℃; 85 to 105℃; 85 to 100℃; 90 to 115℃; 90 to 110℃; 90 to 105℃; and 90 to 100℃.
[0094] In embodiments, the at least one polyester that comprises:
[0095] (a) a dicarboxylic acid component comprising: 90 to 100, or 95 to 100, or 98 to 100 mole %of terephthalic acid residues; and
[0096] (b) a glycol component comprising: 90 to 100, or 95 to 100, or 98 to 100 mole %of 1, 4-cyclohexanedimethanol residues, wherein the total mole %of the dicarboxylic acid component is 100 mole %, and the total mole %of the glycol component is 100 mole %; and wherein the inherent viscosity is 0.60 to 1.2 dL / g as determined using a solution of 10mL of a 70 / 30 (vt / vt) azeotrope of DCM / HFIP and 10μl of toluene at 25℃; and wherein the at least one copolyester has a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 85℃ to 105℃, or 90℃ to 100℃.
[0097] In embodiments, the dicarboxylic acid component comprises:
[0098] iii) 95 to 100 mole%of terephthalic acid residues; and
[0099] iv) 0 to 5 mole%of isophthalic acid residues.
[0100] In other embodiments, the dicarboxylic acid component comprises:
[0101] i) 98 to 100 mole%of terephthalic acid residues; and
[0102] ii) 0 to 2 mole%of isophthalic acid residues
[0103] In other embodiments, the dicarboxylic acid component comprises 100 mole%terephthalic acid residues and the glycol component comprises 100 mole %of 1, 4-cyclohexanedimethanol residues.
[0104] In embodiments, the polyester component further comprises at least one amorphous copolyester. In embodiments, the at least one amorphous copolyester comprises:
[0105] (i) a diacid component comprising:
[0106] 70 to 100 mole %residues of terephthalic acid,
[0107] 0 to 30 mole %residues of a modifying aromatic diacid having 8 to 12 carbon atoms, and
[0108] 0 to 30 mole %residues of an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid; and
[0109] (ii) a glycol component comprising:
[0110] 1 to 99, or 5 to 40 mole %of cyclic diol residues having a 3 to 5 member cyclic structure or cyclic diol resides having a bicyclic structure with each individual ring in the bicyclic structure having 3 to 5 members; and
[0111] 1 to 99, or 50 to 95 mole %cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM) residues, and
[0112] 0 to 80, or 0 to 40 mole%of a modifying glycol having 2 to 20 carbon atoms;
[0113] wherein the inherent viscosity of the at least one copolyester is from 0.60 to 1.2, or 0.7 to 1.2 dL / g as determined using a solution of 10mL of a 70 / 30 (vt / vt) azeotrope of DCM / HFIP and 10μl of toluene at 25℃, and
[0114] wherein the total mole %of the dicarboxylic acid component is 100 mole %and the total mole %of the glycol component is 100 mole %.
[0115] In embodiments, the polyester component comprises a blend of the at least one polyester and the at least one amorphous copolyester, wherein the blend comprises 90 to 99, or 92 to 98 weight%of the at least one polyester and 1 to 10, or 2 to 8 weight%of the at least one amorphous copolyester.
[0116] In embodiments, the at least one amorphous copolyester comprises:
[0117] (a) a dicarboxylic acid component comprising:
[0118] i) 70 to 100 mole %of terephthalic acid residues;
[0119] (b) a glycol component comprising:
[0120] i) 20 to 40 mole %of 2, 2, 4, 4-tetramethyl-1, 3-cyclobutanediol (TMCD) residues; and
[0121] ii) 60 to 80 mole %of 1, 4-cyclohexanedimethanol residues, wherein the total mole %of the dicarboxylic acid component is 100 mole %, and the total mole %of the glycol component is 100 mole %; and wherein the inherent viscosity is 0.55 to 1.2 dL / g as determined using a solution of 10mL of a 70 / 30 (vt / vt) azeotrope of DCM / HFIP and 10μl of toluene at 25℃; and wherein the at least one copolyester has a Tg of at least 95℃.
[0122] In embodiments, the at least one copolyester comprises a glycol component chosen from: (1) 10 to 30 mole %of the cyclic diol residues and 45 to 90 mole %of the 1, 4-cyclohexanedimethanol residues; or (2) 20 to 40 mole %of the cyclic diol residues and 45 to 80 mole %of the 1, 4-cyclohexanedimethanol residues; or (3) 30 to 40 mole %of the cyclic diol residues and 45 to 70 mole %of the 1, 4-cyclohexanedimethanol residues.
[0123] In embodiments, the cyclic diol is a cyclobutane diol, isosorbide, or combinations thereof. In one embodiment, the cyclic diol is a cyclobutane diol. In one embodiment, the cyclobutane diol is 2, 2, 4, 4-tetramethyl-1, 3-cyclobutanediol (TMCD) . In one embodiment, the alicyclic diol is isosorbide.
[0124] In embodiments, the glycol component for the at least one copolyester includes but are not limited to at least one of the following combinations of ranges: 10 to 25 mole %isosorbide and 45 to 90 mole %1, 4-cyclohexanedimethanol; 11 to 25 mole %isosorbide and 45 to 89 mole %1, 4-cyclohexanedimethanol; 12 to 25 mole %isosorbide and 45 to 88 mole %1, 4-cyclohexanedimethanol; 13 to 25 mole %isosorbide and 45 to 87 mole %1, 4-cyclohexanedimethanol; 14 to 25 mole %isosorbide and 45 to 86 mole %1, 4-cyclohexanedimethanol; 15 to 25 mole %isosorbide and 45 to 85 mole %1, 4-cyclohexanedimethanol; 16 to 25 mole %isosorbide and 45 to 84 mole %1, 4-cyclohexanedimethanol; 17 to 25 mole %isosorbide and 45 to 83 mole %1, 4-cyclohexanedimethanol; 18 to 25 mole %isosorbide and 45 to 82 mole %1, 4-cyclohexanedimethanol; 19 to 25 mole %isosorbide and 45 to 81 mole %1, 4-cyclohexanedimethanol; 20 to 25 mole %isosorbide and 45 to 80 mole %1, 4-cyclohexanedimethanol; 10 to 25 mole %isosorbide and 55 to 90 mole %1, 4-cyclohexanedimethanol; 15 to 25 mole %isosorbide and 55 to 85 mole %1, 4-cyclohexanedimethanol; 15 to 20 mole %isosorbide and 55 to 85 mole %1, 4-cyclohexanedimethanol; 10 to 25 mole %isosorbide and 60 to 90 mole %1, 4-cyclohexanedimethanol; 15 to 25 mole %isosorbide and 60 to 85 mole %1, 4- cyclohexanedimethanol; 15 to 20 mole %isosorbide and 60 to 85 mole %1, 4-cyclohexanedimethanol; 10 to 25 mole %isosorbide and 65 to 90 mole %1, 4-cyclohexanedimethanol; 15 to 25 mole %isosorbide and 65 to 85 mole %1, 4-cyclohexanedimethanol; 15 to 20 mole %isosorbide and 65 to 85 mole %1, 4-cyclohexanedimethanol.
[0125] In embodiments, the glycol component of the at least one copolyester comprises residues as follows: 10 to 40 mole%TMCD and 60 to 90 mole%CHDM; 20 to 40 mole%TMCD and 60 to 80 mole%CHDM; 20 to 30 mole%TMCD and 70 to 80 mole%CHDM; 20 to 25 mole%TMCD and 75 to 80 mole%CHDM; 30 to 40 mole%TMCD and 60 to 70 mole%CHDM; 30 to 35 mole%TMCD and 65 to 70 mole%CHDM. In embodiments, the glycol component of the polyester composition comprises residues as follows: 0 to 10 (net) mole%TMCD and 90 to 100 (net) mole%CHDM; or 0 to 5 (net) mole%TMCD and 95 to 100 (net) mole%CHDM, or 1 to 10 (net) mole%TMCD and 90 to 99 (net) mole%CHDM; or 1 to 5 (net) mole%TMCD and 95 to 99 (net) mole%CHDM.
[0126] For certain embodiments of the invention, the polyester useful in the invention may exhibit at least one of the following inherent viscosities as determined using a solution of 10mL of a 70 / 30 (vt / vt) azeotrope of DCM / HFIP and 10μl of toluene at 25℃: 0.60 to 1.2 dL / g; 0.60 to 1.1 dL / g; 0.60 to 1 dL / g; 0.60 to less than 1 dL / g; 0.60 to 0.98 dL / g; 0.60 to 0.95 dL / g; 0.60 to 0.90 dL / g; 0.60 to 0.85 dL / g; 0.60 to 0.80 dL / g; 0.60 to 0.75 dL / g; 0.60 to less than 0.75 dL / g; 0.60 to 0.72 dL / g; 0.60 to 0.70 dL / g; 0.60 to less than 0.70 dL / g; 0.60 to 0.68 dL / g; 0.60 to less than 0.68 dL / g; 0.60 to 0.65 dL / g; 0.65 to 1.2 dL / g; 0.65 to 1.1 dL / g; 0.65 to 1 dL / g; 0.65 to less than 1 dL / g; 0.65 to 0.98 dL / g; 0.65 to 0.95 dL / g; 0.65 to 0.90 dL / g; 0.65 to 0.85 dL / g; 0.65 to 0.80 dL / g; 0.65 to 0.75 dL / g; 0.65 to less than 0.75 dL / g; 0.65 to 0.72 dL / g; 0.65 to 0.70 dL / g; or 0.65 to less than 0.70 dL / g; 0.70 to 1.2 dL / g; 0.70 to 1.1 dL / g; 0.70 to 1 dL / g; 0.70 to less than 1 dL / g; 0.70 to 0.98 dL / g; 0.70 to 0.95 dL / g; 0.70 to 0.90 dL / g; 0.70 to 0.85 dL / g; 0.70 to 0.80 dL / g; 0.70 to 0.75 dL / g; 0.70 to less than 0.75 dL / g; 0.75 to 1.2 dL / g; 0.75 to 1.1 dL / g; 0.75 to 1 dL / g; 0.75 to less than 1 dL / g; 0.75 to 0.98 dL / g; 0.75 to 0.95 dL / g; 0.75 to 0.90 dL / g; 0.75 to 0.85 dL / g; 0.75 to 0.80 dL / g; 0.75 to less than 0.80 dL / g; 0.80 to 1.2 dL / g; 0.80 to 1.1 dL / g; 0.80 to 1 dL / g; 0.80 to less than 1 dL / g; 0.80 to 0.98 dL / g; 0.80 to 0.95 dL / g; 0.80 to 0.90 dL / g; 0.80 to 0.85 dL / g; 0.80 to less than 0.85 dL / g; 0.85 to 1.2 dL / g; 0.85 to 1.1 dL / g; 0.85 to 1 dL / g; 0.85 to less than 1 dL / g; 0.85 to 0.98 dL / g; 0.85 to 0.95 dL / g; 0.85 to 0.90 dL / g; 0.85 to less than 0.90 dL / g; 0.90 to 1.2 dL / g; 0.90 to 1.1 dL / g; 0.90 to 1 dL / g; 0.90 to less than 1 dL / g; 0.90 to 0.98 dL / g; 0.90 to 0.95 dL / g; or 0.90 to less than 0.95 dL / g. It is contemplated that the polyester compositions of the invention can possess at least one of the inherent viscosity ranges described herein and at least one of the monomer ranges for the compositions described herein unless otherwise stated. It is also contemplated that the polyester compositions of the invention can possess at least one of the Tg ranges described herein and at least one of the monomer ranges for the compositions described herein unless otherwise stated. It is also contemplated that the polyester compositions of the invention can possess at least one of the Tg ranges described herein, at least one of the inherent viscosity ranges described herein, and at least one of the monomer ranges for the compositions described herein unless otherwise stated.
[0127] For the desired polyester, the molar ratio of cis / trans 2, 2, 4, 4-tetramethyl-1, 3-cyclobutanediol can vary from the pure form of each or mixtures thereof. In certain embodiments, the molar percentages for cis and / or trans 2, 2, 4, 4-tetramethyl-1, 3-cyclobutanediol are greater than 50 mole %cis and less than 50 mole %trans; or greater than 55 mole %cis and less than 45 mole %trans; or 30 to 70 mole %cis and 70 to 30 %trans; or 40 to 60 mole %cis and 60 to 40 mole %trans; or 50 to 70 mole %trans and 50 to 30 mole %cis; or 50 to 70 mole %cis and 50 to 30 %trans or 60 to 70 mole %cis and 30 to 40 mole %trans; or greater than 70 mole %cis and less than 30 mole %trans; wherein the total sum of the mole percentages for cis-and trans-2, 2, 4, 4-tetramethyl-1, 3-cyclobutanediol is equal to 100 mole %. The molar ratio of cis / trans 1, 4-cyclohexandimethanol can vary within the range of 50 / 50 to 0 / 100, for example, between 40 / 60 to 20 / 80. The cis / trans ratio of the compositions can be determined by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.
[0128] In certain embodiments, terephthalic acid, or an ester thereof, such as, for example, dimethyl terephthalate, or a mixture of terephthalic acid and an ester thereof, makes up most or all of the dicarboxylic acid component used to form the polyesters useful in the invention. In certain embodiments, terephthalic acid residues can make up a portion or all of the dicarboxylic acid component used to form the present polyester at a concentration of at least 70 mole %, such as at least 80 mole %, at least 90 mole%, at least 95 mole%, at least 99 mole%, or, in one preferred embodiment (e.g., reactor grade) , 100 mole %. In certain embodiments, polyesters with higher amounts of terephthalic acid can be used in order to produce higher impact strength properties. For purposes of this disclosure, the terms "terephthalic acid" and "dimethyl terephthalate are used interchangeably herein. In one embodiment, dimethyl terephthalate is part or all of the dicarboxylic acid component used to make the polyesters useful in the present invention. In all embodiments, ranges of from 70 to 100 mole %; or 80 to 100 mole %; or 90 to 100 mole %; or 99 to 100 mole %; or 100 mole %terephthalic acid and / or dimethyl terephthalate and / or mixtures thereof may be used.
[0129] In certain embodiments, in addition to terephthalic acid residues, the dicarboxylic acid component of the polyesters useful in the invention can comprise up to 30 mole %, up to 20 mole %, up to 10 mole %, up to 5 mole %, or less than 5 mole%, or up to 3 mole%, or up to 2 mole%, or up to 1 mole %of one or more modifying aromatic dicarboxylic acids. In one preferred embodiment, the polyester contains 0 mole %modifying aromatic dicarboxylic acids. Thus, if present, it is contemplated that the amount of one or more modifying aromatic dicarboxylic acids can range from any of these preceding endpoint values including, for example, from 0.01 to 30 mole %, from 0.01 to 20 mole %, from 0.01 to 10 mole %, from 0.01 to 5 mole %, from 0.01 to less than 5 mole %, from 0.01 to 4 mole %, from 0.01 to 3 mole %, from 0.01 to 2 mole %, or from 0.01 to 1 mole %of one or more modifying aromatic dicarboxylic acids. In certain embodiments, the amount of one or more modifying aromatic dicarboxylic acids can range from 1 to 5 mole %, from 1 to less than 5 mole %, from 1 to 4 mole %, from 1 to 3 mole %, from 1 to 2 mole %, or from 1.5 to 5 mole %, from 1.5 to less than 5 mole %, from 1.5 to 4 mole %, from 1.5 to 3.5 mole %, from 1.5 to 3 mole %, from 1.5 to 2.5 mole %, from 1.5 to 2 mole %, or from 2 to 5 mole %, from 2 to less than 5 mole %, from 2 to 4 mole %, from 2 to 3.5 mole %, from 2 to 3 mole %, from 2 to 2.5 mole %, or from 2.5 to 5 mole %, from 2.5 to less than 5 mole %, from 2.5 to 4 mole %, from 2.5 to 3.5 mole %, from 2.5 to 3 mole %, or from 3 to 5 mole %, from 3 to less than 5 mole %, from 3 to 4 mole %, from 3 to 3.5 mole %, or from 3.5 to 5 mole %, from 3.5 to less than 5 mole %, from 3.5 to 4 mole %, from 4 to 5 mole %, from 4 to less than 5 mole %, of one or more modifying aromatic dicarboxylic acids.
[0130] In one embodiment, modifying aromatic dicarboxylic acids that may be used in the present invention include but are not limited to those having up to 20 carbon atoms, and that can be linear, para-oriented, or symmetrical. Examples of modifying aromatic dicarboxylic acids which may be used in this invention include, but are not limited to, isophthalic acid, 4, 4'-biphenyldicarboxylic acid, 1, 4-, 1, 5-, 2, 6-, 2, 7-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, and trans-4, 4'-stilbenedicarboxylic acid, and esters thereof. In one embodiment, isophthalic acid is the modifying aromatic dicarboxylic acid. The preferred embodiment of the invention is for 100%of the dicarboxylic acid component based on terephthalic acid residues.
[0131] The carboxylic acid component of the polyesters useful in the invention can be further modified with up to 10 mole %, such as up to 5 mole %or up to 1 mole %of one or more aliphatic dicarboxylic acids containing 2-16 carbon atoms, such as, for example, malonic, succinic, glutaric, adipic, pimelic, suberic, azelaic and dodecanedioic dicarboxylic acids. Certain embodiments can also comprise 0.01 or more mole %, such as 0.1 or more mole %, 1 or more mole %, 5 or more mole %, or 10 or more mole %of one or more modifying aliphatic dicarboxylic acids. In one preferred embodiment, the polyester contains 0 mole %modifying aliphatic dicarboxylic acids. Thus, if present, it is contemplated that the amount of one or more modifying aliphatic dicarboxylic acids can range from any of these preceding endpoint values including, for example, from 0.01 to 10 mole %and from 0.1 to 10 mole %. The total mole %of the dicarboxylic acid component is 100 mole %.
[0132] Esters of terephthalic acid and the other modifying dicarboxylic acids or their corresponding esters and / or salts may be used instead of the dicarboxylic acids. Suitable examples of dicarboxylic acid esters include, but are not limited to, the dimethyl, diethyl, dipropyl, diisopropyl, dibutyl, and diphenyl esters. In one embodiment, the esters are chosen from at least one of the following: methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, and phenyl esters.
[0133] The 1, 4-cyclohexanedimethanol may be cis, trans, or a mixture thereof, for example, a cis / trans ratio of 60: 40 to 40: 60. In another embodiment, the trans-1, 4-cyclohexanedimethanol can be present in the amount of 60 to 80 mole %.
[0134] In embodiments where the cyclic diol is TMCD, the glycol component of the polyester portion of the polyester compositions useful in the invention can contain 14 mole %or less of one or more modifying glycols which are not 2, 2, 4, 4-tetramethyl-1, 3-cyclobutanediol or 1, 4-cyclohexanedimethanol; in another embodiment, the polyesters useful in the invention can contain 10 mole %or less of one or more modifying glycols. In another embodiment, the polyesters useful in the invention can contain 5 mole %or less of one or more modifying glycols. In another embodiment, the polyesters useful in the invention can contain 3 mole %or less of one or more modifying glycols. In the preferred embodiment, the polyesters useful in the invention may contain 0 mole %modifying glycols. Certain embodiments can also contain 0.01 or more mole %, such as 0.1 or more mole %, 1 or more mole %, 5 or more mole %, or 10 or more mole %of one or more modifying glycols. Thus, if present, it is contemplated that the amount of one or more modifying glycols can range from any of these preceding endpoint values including, for example, from 0.1 to 10 mole %.
[0135] In embodiments where the cyclic diol is TMCD, modifying glycols useful in the polyesters useful in the invention refer to diols other than 2, 2, 4, 4-tetramethyl-1, 3-cyclobutanediol and 1, 4-cyclohexanedimethanol and may contain 2 to 16 carbon atoms. Examples of suitable modifying glycols include, but are not limited to, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, 1, 2-propanediol, 1, 3-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1, 4-butanediol, 1, 5-pentanediol, 1, 6-hexanediol, p-xylene glycol or mixtures thereof. In one embodiment, the modifying glycol is ethylene glycol. In another embodiment, the modifying glycols include but are not limited to 1, 3-propanediol and / or 1, 4-butanediol. In another embodiment, ethylene glycol is excluded as a modifying diol. In another embodiment, 1, 3-propanediol and 1, 4-butanediol are excluded as modifying diols. In another embodiment, 2, 2-dimethyl-1, 3-propanediol is excluded as a modifying diol. The polyesters useful the invention can comprise from 0 to 10 mole percent, for example, from 0.01 to 5 mole percent, from 0.01 to 1 mole percent, from 0.05 to 5 mole percent, from 0.05 to 1 mole percent, or from 0.1 to 0.7 mole percent, or 0.1 to 0.5 mole percent, based the total mole percentages of either the diol or diacid residues; respectively, of one or more residues of a branching monomer, also referred to herein as a branching agent, having 3 or more carboxyl substituents, hydroxyl substituents, or a combination thereof. In certain embodiments, the branching monomer or agent may be added prior to and / or during and / or after the polymerization of the polyester. The polyester (s) useful in the invention can thus be linear or branched. In certain embodiments, the branching monomer or agent may be added prior to and / or during and / or after the polymerization.
[0136] Examples of branching monomers include, but are not limited to, multifunctional acids or multifunctional alcohols such as trimellitic acid, trimellitic anhydride, pyromellitic dianhydride, trimethylolpropane, glycerol, pentaerythritol, citric acid, tartaric acid, 3-hydroxyglutaric acid and the like. In one embodiment, the branching monomer residues can comprise 0.1 to 0.7 mole percent of one or more residues chosen from at least one of the following: trimellitic anhydride, pyromellitic dianhydride, glycerol, sorbitol, 1, 2, 6- hexanetriol, pentaerythritol, trimethylolethane, and / or trimesic acid. The branching monomer may be added to the polyester reaction mixture or blended with the polyester in the form of a concentrate as described, for example, in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,654,347 and 5,696,176, whose disclosure regarding branching monomers is incorporated herein by reference.
[0137] The polyesters useful in the invention can be made by processes known from the literature such as, for example, by processes in homogenous solution, by transesterification processes in the melt, and by two phase interfacial processes. Suitable methods include, but are not limited to, the steps of reacting one or more dicarboxylic acids with one or more glycols at a temperature of 100℃ to 315℃ at a pressure of 0.1 to 760 mm Hg for a time sufficient to form a polyester. See U.S. Patent No. 3,772,405 for methods of producing polyesters, the disclosure regarding such methods is hereby incorporated herein by reference.
[0138] The polyesters useful in this invention can also be prepared by reactive melt blending and extrusion of two polyesters. For example: a polyester containing 100%terephthalic acid residues; 3 mole%2, 2, 4, 4-tetramethyl-1, 3-cyclobutanediol residues, and 97 mole%1, 4-cyclohexanedimethanol can be prepared by reactive melt blending and extrusion of about 90 wt%of a polyester containing 100 mole%terephthalic residues and 100%1, 4-cyclohexanedimethanol with about 10 wt%of a copolyester containing 100 mole%terephthalic residues; 70 mole %1, 4-cyclohexanedimethanol residues, and 30 mole%2, 2, 4, 4-tetramethyl-1, 3-cyclobutanediol residues.
[0139] In embodiments, the polyester component is a melt blend polyester prepared by a process that includes melt blending at least two different starting polyesters (e.g., the at least one polyester and the at least one copolyester) to provide a final polyester that includes the monomeric residues contained in starting polyesters. For example, a PCT polyester containing residues of TPA and CHDM is melt blended with a PCTM copolyester containing residues of TPA, CHDM and TMCD to provide a final copolyester having residues of TPA, IPA, CHDM and TMCD. In another example, a PCT copolyester containing residues of TPA and CHDM is melt blended with an Isosorbide copolyester containing residues of TPA, CHDM, Isosorbide and EG to provide a final copolyester having residues of TPA, CHDM, Isosorbide and EG (where the Isosorbide and EG are in amounts less than the starting Isosorbide copolyester) . In embodiments, the melt blended copolyester has residues in (net) amounts according to any of the embodiments for the polyester component (as described herein) .
[0140] In embodiments, the polyesters of this invention, prepared in a reactor or by melt blending / extrusion, can subsequently be crystallized if needed and solid stated by techniques known in the art to further increase the IV.
[0141] In embodiments, the reinforcing filler material is a discrete phase of a glass material. In embodiments, the reinforcing filler material is chosen from glass fiber, glass flakes, glass beads or combinations thereof. In embodiments, the reinforcing filler material is glass fiber having an average fiber length in a range from 3 to 5 mm. In embodiments, the glass fiber can be cylindrical and / or flat. In embodiments, the glass fiber is cylindrical and has an average fiber length in a range from 3 to 5 mm and an average fiber diameter from 7 to 15 um.In embodiments, the glass fiber is a flat glass fiber having an aspect ratio from 3 to 5.
[0142] The polyester compositions of the invention comprise at least one chain extending agent. Suitable chain extending agents include, but are not limited to, multifunctional (including, but not limited to, bifunctional) isocyanates, multifunctional epoxides, including for example, and phenoxy resins. In one embodiment, the chain extending agents have epoxide dependent groups. In one embodiment, the chain extending additive can be one or more styrene-acrylate copolymers with epoxide functionalities. In one embodiment, the chain extending additive can be one or more copolymers of glycidyl methacrylate with styrene.
[0143] Chain extending additives include compounds such as bisanhydrides, bisoxaolines, and bisepoxides which react with –OH or –COOH end groups caused by hydrolytic degradation. Chain extending additives can also be added during melt processing to build molecular weight through ‘reactive extrusion’ or ‘reactive chain coupling. ’ Another effective type of chain extending additive are styrene-acrylate copolymers with epoxide functionalities.
[0144] In certain embodiments, chain extending agents are added at the end of the polymerization process or after the polymerization process. If added after the polymerization process, chain extending agents can be incorporated by compounding or by addition during conversion processes such as injection molding or extrusion.
[0145] The amount of chain extending agent used can vary depending on the specific monomer composition used and the physical properties desired but can be included in one of the following amounts: about 0.01 percent by weight to about 10 percent by weight, 0.1 percent by weight to about 10 percent by weight, 0.3 percent by weight to about 10 percent by weight, from about 0.01 to about 5 percent by weight, from about 0.1 to about 5 percent by weight, 0.3 percent by weight to about 5 percent by weight, from about 0.01 percent by weight to about 3 percent by weight, from about 0.1 to about 3 percent by weight, 0.3 percent by weight to about 3 percent by weight, from about 0.01 percent by weight to about 2 percent by weight, from about 0.1 to about 2 percent by weight, 0.3 percent by weight to about 2 percent by weight, from about 0.01 percent by weight to about 1 percent by weight, from about 0.1 to about 1 percent by weight, from about 0.01 percent by weight to about 0.5 percent by weight, and from about 0.1 to about 0.5 based on the total weight of the polyester.
[0146] Chain extending additives can also be added during melt processing to build molecular weight through ‘reactive extrusion’ or ‘reactive chain coupling or any other process known in the art.
[0147] Chain extending agents useful in the invention can include, but are not limited to, copolymers of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) with alkenes, copolymers of GMA with alkenes and acrylic esters, copolymers of GMA with alkenes and vinyl acetate, copolymers of GMA and styrene. Suitable alkenes comprise ethylene, propylene, and mixtures of two or more of the foregoing. Suitable acrylic esters comprise alkyl acrylate monomers, including, but not limited to, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, and combinations of the foregoing alkyl acrylate monomers. When present, the acrylic ester can be used in an amount of 15 weight%to 35 weight%, based on the total amount of monomer used in the copolymer, or in any other range described herein. When present, vinyl acetate can be used in an amount of 4 weight%to 10 weight%based on the total amount of monomer used in the copolymer.
[0148] In certain embodiments, the chain extending additive comprises acrylic esters comprising monomers selected from alkyl acrylate monomers, including, but not limited to, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, and combinations thereof. In embodiments, the chain extending additive is a copolymer comprising at least one acrylic ester and styrene.
[0149] Illustrative examples of suitable chain extending agents comprise ethylene-glycidyl acrylate copolymers, ethylene-glycidyl methacrylate copolymers, ethylene-glycidyl methacrylate-vinyl acetate copolymers, ethylene-glycidyl methacrylate-alkyl acrylate copolymers, ethylene-glycidyl methacrylate-methyl acrylate copolymers, ethylene-glycidyl methacrylate-ethyl acrylate copolymers, and ethylene-glycidyl methacrylate-butyl acrylate copolymers.
[0150] Examples of useful chain extending agents include but are not limited to Joncryl 4368, JoncrylTM4468 (copolymers of glycidyl methacrylate with styrene) , JoncrylTM4368, JoncrylTM4470, JoncrylTM4370, JoncrylTM 4400, JoncrylTM4300, JoncrylTM4480, JoncrylTM4380, JoncrylTM4485, JoncrylTM4385, and mixtures thereof commercially available from BASF Corporation, New Jersey.
[0151] In one embodiment, the chain extending agents can be styrene-acrylate copolymers with glycidyl groups. In another embodiment, the chain extending agent can be a copolymer of glycidyl methacrylate and styrene.
[0152] In one embodiment, the polymeric chain extending agent can have an average of greater than or equal to 2 pendant epoxy groups per molecule, greater than or equal to 3 pendant epoxy groups per molecule; or an average of greater than or equal to 4 pendant epoxy groups per molecule; or an average of greater than or equal to 5 pendant epoxy groups per molecule; or an average of greater than or equal to 6 pendant epoxy groups per molecule; or an average of greater than or equal to 7 pendant epoxy groups per molecule; or more specifically, an average of greater than or equal to 8 pendant epoxy groups per molecule, or, more specifically, an average of greater than or equal to 11 pendant epoxy groups per molecule, or, more specifically, an average of greater than or equal to 15 pendant epoxy groups per molecule, or, more specifically, an average of greater than or equal to 17 pendant epoxy groups per molecule. The lower limits of the number of pendant epoxy groups may be determined by one of ordinary skill in the art to apply to specific manufacturing conditions and / or to particular end-use applications. In certain embodiments, the chain extending agent can have from 2 to 20 pendant epoxy groups per molecule, or from 5 to 20 pendant epoxy groups per molecule, or from 2 to 15 pendant epoxy groups per molecule, or from 2 to 10 pendant epoxy groups per molecule, or from 2 to 8 pendant epoxy groups per molecule, or 3 to 20 pendant epoxy groups per molecule, or from 3 to 15 pendant epoxy groups per molecule, or from 5 to 15 pendant epoxy groups per molecule, or from 3 to 10 pendant epoxy groups per molecule, or from 5 to 10 pendant epoxy groups per molecule, or from 3 to 8 pendant groups per molecule, or from 3 to 7 pendant epoxy groups per molecule.
[0153] In certain aspects of the invention, the chain extending agent can be present (total loading) in the polyester composition of the invention in the amount of from 0.01 weight%to 5 weight%, or from 0.01 weight%to 4 weight%, or from 0.01 weight%to 3 weight%, or from 0.01 weight%to 2, weight%or from 0.01 weight%to 1 weight%, or from 0.10 weight%to 5 weight%, or from 0.10 weight%to 4 weight%, or from 0.10 weight%to 3 weight%, or from 0.10 weight%to 2 weight%, or from 0.10 weight to 1.5 weight%, or from 0.10 weight%to 1 weight, or from 0.25 weight%to 5 weight%, or from 0.25 weight%to 4 weight%, or from 0.25 weight%to 3 weight%, or from 0.25 weight%to 2 weight%, or from 0.25 weight to 1.5 weight%, or from 0.25 weight%to 1 weight, or from 0.25 weight%to 0.75 weight%, or from 0.3 weight%to 5 weight%, or from 0.3 weight%to 4 weight%, or from 0.3 weight%to 3 weight%, or from 0.3 weight%to 2 weight%, or from 0.3 weight to 1.5 weight%, or from 0.3 weight%to 1 weight, or from 0.3 weight%to 0.75 weight%, or from 0.50 weight%to 5 weight%, or from 0.50 weight%to 4 weight%, or from 0.50 weight%to 3 weight%, or from 0.50 weight%to 2 weight%, or from 0.50 weight to 1.5 weight%, or from 0.50 weight to 1.2 weight%, or from 0.50 weight%to 1 weight, based on the total weight of the polymer composition equaling 100 weight%. In certain embodiments, the chain extending agent can be present (total loading) in the polymer composition of the invention in the amount of from 0.25 weight%to 0.75 weight%, or from 0.30 weight%to 0.70 weight%, or from 0.4 weight%to 0.6 weight%.
[0154] In certain aspects of the invention, the chain extending agent is present (total loading) in the polyester composition of the invention in the amount of from 0.01 weight%to 1.5 weight%or from 0.10 weight%to 1 weight%or from based on the total weight of the polyester composition.
[0155] The initial amount of the chain extending agent used and order of addition will depend upon the specific chain extending agent chosen and the specific amounts of polyester employed.
[0156] In embodiments, the at least one chain extender comprises a multifunctional epoxide chain extender. In embodiments, the multifunctional epoxide chain extender has an average of 2 to 10, or 3 to 8, or 3 to 7 pendant epoxy groups per molecule.
[0157] In embodiments, a nucleating agent comprises a fine particulate material that can alter the crystallization of the polyester composition. In embodiments, the nucleating agent is in an amount sufficient to improve (or increase) the crystallization rate of the resin (polyester) composition. Examples of nucleating agents can include polymers, esters, minerals, metal salts of organic acids and inorganic acids. More specific examples include olefins such as low-density polyethylene, high-density polyethylene and linear low-density polyethylene; minerals (clays) such as graphite, talc and kaolin; metal oxides such as zinc oxide, alumina and magnesium oxide; silica compounds such as silica, calcium silicate and magnesium silicate; metal carbonates such as magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate; barium sulfate; calcium sulfate; sodium benzoate; p-tert-butyl aluminum benzoate; metal salts of aromatic phosphate; dibenzylidene sorbitols; and sulfonamide compounds.
[0158] In embodiments, the at least one nucleating agent is chosen from talc, sodium montanate, 5-dimethyl potassium sulfonyl isophthalateother, zinc phenylphosphonate, or combinations thereof. In one embodiment, the at least one nucleating agent is talc. In embodiments, the talc has a median diameter D50 from 0.5 to 10 um, the top cut D95 from 2 to 20 um. In embodiments, the talc does not have surface modification (is not surface modified) .
[0159] In certain aspects of the invention, the nucleating agent component can be present (total loading) in the polyester composition of the invention in the amount of from 0.01 weight%to 5 weight%, or from 0.01 weight%to 4 weight%, or from 0.01 weight%to 3 weight%, or from 0.01 weight%to 2, weight%or from 0.01 weight%to 1 weight%, or from 0.10 weight%to 5 weight%, or from 0.10 weight%to 4 weight%, or from 0.10 weight%to 3 weight%, or from 0.10 weight%to 2 weight%, or from 0.10 weight to 1.5 weight%, or from 0.10 weight%to 1 weight, or from 0.25 weight%to 5 weight%, or from 0.25 weight%to 4 weight%, or from 0.25 weight%to 3 weight%, or from 0.25 weight%to 2 weight%, or from 0.25 weight to 1.5 weight%, or from 0.25 weight%to 1 weight, or from 0.25 weight%to 0.75 weight%, or from 0.3 weight%to 5 weight%, or from 0.3 weight%to 4 weight%, or from 0.3 weight%to 3 weight%, or from 0.3 weight%to 2 weight%, or from 0.3 weight to 1.5 weight%, or from 0.3 weight%to 1 weight%, or from 0.3 weight%to 0.75 weight%, or from 0.50 weight%to 5 weight%, or from 0.50 weight%to 4 weight%, or from 0.50 weight%to 3 weight%, or from 0.50 weight%to 2 weight%, or from 0.50 weight to 1.5 weight%, or from 0.50 weight to 1.2 weight%, or from 0.50 weight%to 1 weight, based on the total weight of the polymer composition equaling 100 weight%.
[0160] In embodiments, the article made from the copolyester composition is semi-crystalline, e.g., by crystallizing with heat. In embodiments, the article of the invention has a crystallinity of from 1 to 40%, or 1 to 35%, or 1 to 30%, or 5 to 40%, or 5 to 35%, or 5 to 30%, or 10 to 40%, or 10 to 35%, or 10 to 30%.
[0161] In embodiments, the article is a semi-crystalline article comprising a polyester composition that has a crystallization half-time of less than 5, or less than 3 minutes, or less than 1 minute, or less than 30 seconds, but greater than 1 second, or greater than 5 seconds. In embodiments, the copolyester has a crystallization half-time from 1 second to 5 minutes, or 1 second to 3 minutes, or 1 second to 2 minutes, or 1 second to 1 minutes, or 1 second to 30 seconds, or 5 seconds to 5 minutes, or 5 seconds to 3 minutes, or 5 seconds to 2 minutes, or 5 seconds to 1 minutes, or 5 seconds to 30 seconds.
[0162] In embodiments, the article of the invention can comprise the polyester of the invention having a melting temperature (Tm) from 260℃ to 300℃.
[0163] In addition, the polyester useful in this invention may also contain from 0.01 to 25%by weight or 0.01 to 20%by weight or 0.01 to 15%by weight or 0.01 to 10%by weight or 0.01 to 5%by weight of the total weight of the polyester composition of additional additives such as colorants, dyes, mold release agents, reheat additives, flame retardants, plasticizers, stabilizers, including but not limited to, UV stabilizers, thermal stabilizers and / or reaction products thereof, fillers, and impact modifiers. For example, UV additives can be incorporated into articles of manufacture through addition to the bulk, through application of a hard coat, or through coextrusion of a cap layer. Residues of such additives are also contemplated as part of the polyester composition.
[0164] In embodiments, the polyester composition comprises an impact modifier component that comprises at least one polymeric impact modifier. Such compounds are generally in the form of elastomeric compounds or polymers which serve to absorb or dissipate the kinetic energy of an impact. In embodiments, the impact modifier is in a dispersed phase with the polyester being included in the continuous phase of the overall polyester composition.
[0165] In embodiments, the impact modifiers can include, but are not limited to, ethylene / propylene terpolymers; functionalized polyolefins, such as those containing methyl acrylate and / or glycidyl methacrylate (e.g., grafted functionalized polyolefins) ; styrene-based block copolymeric impact modifiers; and various acrylic core / shell type impact modifiers. In embodiments, the impact modifier comprises a grafted methyl acrylate impact modifier. In embodiments, the grafted methyl acrylate impact modifier is a poly (ethylene-octene) grafted ethylene methyl acrylate (POE-g-EMA) . In embodiments, the impact modifier comprises a polymer comprising ethylene (E) , alkyl acrylate (AA) and glycidyl (meth) acrylate (GMA and / or GA) groups.
[0166] In embodiments, the impact modifier comprises a terpolymer of ethylene, alkyl acrylate, and glycidyl methacrylate (E-AA-GMA) . In embodiments, the E-AA-GMA terpolymer is a terpolymer of ethylene, methyl acrylate, and glycidyl methacrylate (E-MA-GMA) .
[0167] In embodiments, the ethylene, alkyl acrylate, glycidyl methacrylate impact modifier component is obtained by blending a terpolymer of ethylene, alkyl acrylate and glycidyl methacrylate (E-AA-GMA) with a copolymer of ethylene and alkyl acrylate (E-AA) . In embodiments, the ethylene, alkyl acrylate, glycidyl methacrylate impact modifier component is obtained by blending a terpolymer of ethylene, methyl acrylate and glycidyl methacrylate (E-MA-GMA) with a copolymer of ethylene and methyl acrylate (E-MA) . Commercially available examples of such impact modifiers include: 4300 and 4400 available from Nippon Oil &Fat Corporation; Kane M300, available from Kaneka Americas Holding, Inc. ; Kane B564, available from Kaneka Americas Holding, Inc. ; Kane ECO 1000, available from Kaneka Americas Holding, Inc. ; Kane M711, available from Kaneka Americas Holding, Inc. ; Kane M722, available from Kaneka Americas Holding, Inc. ; SOG-03, available from Fine-Blend Polymer (Shanghai) Co., LTD; TFL-205HC, available from Guangdong Evergreen Chemical Co. LTD; MR-03, available from Kaneka Americas Holding, Inc. ; and 8900, available from Arkema.
[0168] In certain embodiments, the impact modifier component includes a core-shell polymer with a core comprised of a rubbery polymer, for example a core comprised of a silicone polymer or acrylic silicone copolymer and a shell comprised of an acrylic polymer or acrylic silicone copolymer. In embodiments, the impact modifier component comprises an acrylic silicone polymer impact modifier. In certain embodiments, the impact modifier component comprises an acrylic silicone polymer impact modifier and at least one additional impact modifier. Examples of additional impact modifiers that can be included in the impact modifier component, in certain embodiments, include, various known graft copolymers, other core shell polymers, and block copolymers, such as the types mentioned above. These polymers may include at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of an alkene, an alkadiene, an arene, an acrylate, and an alcohol. (See, for example, EP 1,694,771 B1) . One example of additional impact modifiers includes core-shell polymers with cores comprised of rubbery polymers and shells comprised of styrene copolymers (See, for example, US Patent No. 5,321,056, incorporated herein by reference. ) Other examples include core-shell and functional polyolefins such as those described in US 2014 / 0256848 A1, incorporated herein by reference. See also EP 2 139 948 B1.
[0169] In certain embodiments, the impact modifier component comprises an acrylic silicone impact modifier that is present in a dispersed phase in the composition. In certain embodiments, the acrylic silicone impact modifier is a core-shell structure having a particle size (D50) in a range from 75 to 300 microns, 100 to 250 microns, or 100-200 microns. In certain embodiments, the acrylic silicone impact modifier is a core-shell structure having an average particle size in a range from 650 to 1000 microns, or 700 to 950 microns, or 750 to 900 microns, or 800 to 900 microns. In embodiments, the core-shell acrylic silicone impact modifier has a specific gravity in the range of 0.85 to 1.2 g / cm3, or 0.9 to 1.15 g / cm3, or 0.9 to 1.1 g / cm3. In embodiments, the core-shell acrylic silicone impact modifier has a bulk density in the range of 0.25 to 0.45 g / cm3, or 0.30 to 0.40 g / cm3. In embodiments, the acrylic silicone impact modifier contains less than 90 wt%, or less than 80 wt%, or less than 70%, or less than 60%, or less than 50%, or less than 40%, or less than 30%, or less than 20%, or less than 10%, less than 5%, or less than 3%acrylic content. In embodiments, the acrylic content is in the shell of the core-shell impact modifier. In embodiments, the acrylic content is in both the core and shell of the core shell impact modifier.
[0170] In embodiments, the acrylic silicon impact modifier is a core shell impact modifier. In embodiments, the silicone content is in the core of the core shell impact modifier. In embodiments, the acrylic content is in both the core and shell of the core shell impact modifier. In embodiments, the acrylic content is in the shell of the core shell impact modifier.
[0171] In certain embodiments, the impact modifier is classified as non-reactive. In certain embodiments, the acrylic silicone impact modifier comprises a silicone / acrylic acid rubber with grafted maleic anhydride (MA) groups.
[0172] Commercially available acrylic silicone polymer impact modifiers include: Kane MR-01, MR-02, MR-03 or MR-502, available from Kaneka Americas Holding, Inc., Metablen S-2100, S-2501 and S2200, available from Mitsubishi Chemical, BX IM 230, available from Baoxu Chemical, and TFL-205HC impact modifier, available from Eversun Polycarnate Sci&Tech Co., LTD.
[0173] The impact modifiers utilized as component (c) , if present, are generally present in an amount of 1 to 10 percent by weight, or 3 to 10 percent by weight. In other embodiments, they are present in amounts of about greater than 3 to 10 wt%, or 4 to 10 wt%, or 5 to 10 wt%, or greater than 5 to 10 wt%, or 6 to 10 wt%, or 3 to 9 wt%, or greater than 3 to 9 wt%, or 4 to 9 wt%, or 5 to 9 wt%, or greater than 5 to 9 wt%, or 6 to 9 wt%, or 3 to 8 wt%, or greater than 3 to 8 wt%, or 4 to 8 wt%, or 5 to 8 wt%, or greater than 5 to 8 wt%, or 6 to 8 wt%, or 3 to 7 wt%, or greater than 3 to 7 wt%, or 4 to 7 wt%, or 5 to 7 wt%, or greater than 5 to 7 wt%.
[0174] The impact modifiers, if utilized / included as component (e) , are generally present in an amount of 1 to 10, or 3 to 10 percent by weight, based on the polyester composition. In embodiments, they are present in amounts of greater than 3 to 10 wt%, or 4 to 10 wt%, or 5 to 10 wt%, or greater than 5 to 10 wt%, or 6 to 10 wt%, or 3 to 9 wt%, or greater than 3 to 9 wt%, or 4 to 9 wt%, or 5 to 9 wt%, or greater than 5 to 9 wt%, or 6 to 9 wt%, or 3 to 8 wt%, or greater than 3 to 8 wt%, or 4 to 8 wt%, or 5 to 8 wt%, or greater than 5 to 8 wt%, or 6 to 8 wt%, or 3 to 7 wt%, or greater than 3 to 7 wt%, or 4 to 7 wt%, or 5 to 7 wt%, or greater than 5 to 7 wt%.
[0175] In embodiments, the polyester composition can include thermal stabilizers. Thermal stabilizers are compounds that stabilize polyesters during polyester manufacture and / or post polymerization including, but not limited to, phosphorous compounds including but not limited to phosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, phosphonic acid, phosphinic acid, phosphonous acid, and various esters and salts thereof. These can be present in the polyester compositions useful in the invention. The esters can be alkyl, branched alkyl, substituted alkyl, difunctional alkyl, alkyl ethers, aryl, and substituted aryl. In one embodiment, the number of ester groups present in the particular phosphorous compound can vary from zero up to the maximum allowable based on the number of hydroxyl groups present on the thermal stabilizer used. The term "thermal stabilizer" is intended to include the reaction products thereof. The term "reaction product" as used in connection with the thermal stabilizers of the invention refers to any product of a polycondensation or esterification reaction between the thermal stabilizer and any of the monomers used in making the polyester as well as the product of a polycondensation or esterification reaction between the catalyst and any other type of additive.
[0176] In embodiments, articles comprising (or made from) the polyester composition can include, but are not limited to, injection blow molded articles, injection stretch blow molded articles, extrusion blow molded articles, extrusion stretch blow molded articles, calendered articles, compression molded articles, and solution casted articles. Methods of making the articles of manufacture, include, but are not limited to, extrusion blow molding, extrusion stretch blow molding, injection blow molding, injection stretch blow molding, calendering, compression molding, and solution casting.
[0177] In embodiments of the invention, the polymer-based resin has a ΔE value of less than 25, or less than 20, or less than 15, or less than 14, or less than 13, or less than 12, or less than 11, or less than 10, or less than 9, or less than 8, or less than 7, or less than 6, or less than 5, using a 3.2 mm plaque after injection molding with a barrel temperature of 249℃ and a mold temperature of 80℃, wherein ΔE is determined by the following equation: ( (L*-100) 2 + (a*-0) 2 + (b*-0) 2) 1 / 2, where the L*, a*, and b*color components were measured according to ASTM E1348. In certain embodiments, the polymer-based resin has a ΔE value in the range from 2 to 25, or from 2 to 20, or from 2 to 15, or from 2 to 14, or from 2 to 13, or from 2 to 12, or from 2 to 11, or from 2 to 10, or from 2 to 9, or from 2 to 8, or from 2 to 7, or from 2 to 6, or from 2 to 5, using a 3.2 mm plaque after injection molding with a barrel temperature of 249℃ and a mold temperature of 80℃, wherein ΔE is determined by the following equation: ( (L*-100) 2 + (a*-0) 2 + (b*-0) 2) 1 / 2, where the L*, a*, and b*color components were measured according to ASTM E1348.
[0178] In embodiments of the invention, the polymer-based resin has an L*color of at least 85, or at least 86, or at least 87, or at least 88, or at least 89, or at least 90, or at least 91, or at least 92, or at least 93, or at least 94, or at least 95, measured according to ASTM E1348 using a 1.0 mm plaque after injection molding with a barrel temperature of 270-310℃ and a mold temperature of 120-150℃. In certain embodiments, the polymer-based resin has an L*color in the range from 85 to 98, or from 85 to 97, or from 85 to 96, or from 85 to 95, measured according to ASTM E1348 using a 1.0 mm plaque after injection molding with a barrel temperature of 280-310℃ and a mold temperature of 120-150℃.
[0179] In embodiments of the invention, the polymer-based resin has a b*value is less than 20, or less than 18, or less than 15, or less than 12, or less than 10, or less than 9, or less than 8, or less than 7, or less than 6, or less than 5, or less than 4, measured according to ASTM E1348 using a 1.0 mm plaque after injection molding with a barrel temperature of 270 to 310℃ and a mold temperature of 20 to 50, or 120 to 150℃, and annealed at 150C for 6 hours. In certain embodiments, the polymer-based resin has a b*color in the range from 0 to 15, or from 0 to 10, or from 0 to 8, or from 0 to 5, measured according to ASTM E1348 using a 1 mm plaque after injection molding with a barrel temperature of 270 to 310℃ and a mold temperature of 20 to 50, or 120 to 150℃, and annealed at 150C for 6 hours.
[0180] In aspects of this invention, it is directed to shaped articles. In certain embodiments, the shaped articles are not continuously extruded films that are infinite (or continuous) in one direction and fixed in width and thickness in the other two directions, as would be the case in a rolled film. In embodiments of the invention, the shaped article is not a film or is not a sheet. In embodiments of the invention, the shaped articles can be chosen from injection molded articles, extrusion molded articles, rotational molded articles, compression molded articles, blow molded articles, injection blow molded articles, injection stretch blow molded articles, extrusion blow molded articles, sheet or film extrusion articles, profile extrusion articles, gas assist molding articles, structural foam molded articles, or thermoformed articles.
[0181] In embodiments of the invention, the shaped article is a component of a light emitting diode (LED) assembly. In embodiments, the molded article is an LED holder.
[0182] In another aspect, the invention is directed to an LED, e.g., chip scale package light emitting diode (CSPLED) , comprising a semi-transparent LED holder, wherein the LED holder comprises the polyester composition according to any of the embodiments described herein, and wherein the CSPLED has a light emit angle greater than 120°, or greater than 130°, or greater than 140°. In embodiments, the increased light emitting angle (i.e., greater than 120°) can allow for reduced optical distance (OD) and / or increased pitch with comparable light intensity, compared to LED’s having a light emitting angle of 120°. OD is the distance (or height) of a light plate or diffusion plate over an array of LED’s . Pitch is the distance between the individual LED’s (or pixels) in an LED array.
[0183] In embodiments, the polyester composition used to make the LED holder has a total transmittance of at least 45%, measured according to ASTM D1003 for a 1 mm plaque or a transmittance of at least 38%, or at least 40%, measured according to ASTM D1003 for a 1 mm plaque after annealing at 150℃ for 6 hours.
[0184] In embodiments, the polyester composition forming the articles, e.g., injection molded article, is chosen from any of the polyester compositions discussed herein.
[0185] Properties disclosed herein requiring a test method can be determined as follows:
[0186] Test Methods
[0187] Properties disclosed throughout this application can be determined according to the test methods described herein. Samples were (or can be) evaluated using standard ASTM test methods with any special conditions noted below.
[0188] Test Methods
[0189] Unless specified otherwise, the inherent viscosity of the at least one polyester or the polyester composition was determined using a solution of 10mL of a 70 / 30 (vt / vt) azeotrope of DCM / HFIP and 10μl of toluene at 25℃(according to ASTM D4603) . Unless specified otherwise, the inherent viscosity of the at least one copolyester was determined using a solution of 10mL of a 70 / 30 (vt / vt) azeotrope of DCM / HFIP and 10μl of toluene at 25℃ (according to ASTM D4603) .
[0190] The glycol content was determined by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. All NMR spectra were recorded on a JEOL Eclipse Plus 600MHz nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer using either chloroform-trifluoroacetic acid (70-30 volume / volume) . Peak assignments for 2, 2, 4, 4-tetramethyl-1, 3-cyclobutanediol resonances were made by comparison to model mono-and dibenzoate esters of 2, 2, 4, 4-tetramethyl-1, 3-cyclobutanediol. These model compounds closely approximate the resonance positions found in the polymers.
[0191] The crystallization half-time, t1 / 2, was determined by measuring the light transmission of a sample via a laser and photo detector as a function of time on a temperature controlled hot stage. This measurement was done by exposing the polymers to a temperature, Tmax, and then cooling it to the desired temperature. The sample was then held at the desired temperature by a hot stage while transmission measurements were made as a function of time. Initially, the sample was visually clear with high light transmission and became opaque as the sample crystallized. The crystallization half-time was recorded as the time at which the light transmission was halfway between the initial transmission and the final transmission. Tmax is defined as the temperature required to melt the crystalline domains of the sample (if crystalline domains are present) . The Tmax reported in the examples below represents the temperature at which each sample was heated to condition the sample prior to crystallization half time measurement. The Tmax temperature is dependent on composition and is typically different for each polyester. For example, PCT may need to be heated to some temperature greater than 290℃ to melt the crystalline domains.
[0192] Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was performed using TA Instruments Model Q2000 with a liquid nitrogen cooling accessory. The sample weight, in the range of 5 to 10 mg, was measured and recorded. Samples were first heated (1st heating scan) from 23 to 320 ℃ at 20 ℃ / min, followed by cooling to 23℃ at 20℃ / min (cooling scan) , and then heated again from 23 to 320℃ at 20℃ / min. Various thermal parameters were measured and recorded. Hcc (cal / g) is the heat of crystallization measured from the cooling scan. Tcc is the crystallization peak temperature on the cooling scan. Tg is the glass transition temperature measured from 2nd heating scan. Tm is the melting point measured during the 2nd heating scan. Hch1 (cal / g) is the heat of crystallization measured during the 1st heating scan. Hm1 (cal / g) is the heat of melting measured during the 1st heating scan.
[0193] The percent crystallinity formed during cooling is calculated by equation (1) , assuming a specific heat of fusion of 29 cal / g (based on unmodified PCT) .
[0194] The peak temperature in the crystallization exotherm (Tcc) occurs at 227℃ for unmodified PCT.
[0195] The percentage of strain induced crystallinity (c) was determined by equation (2) from the first heating scan of films evaluated in a DSC.
[0196] As used herein, the abbreviation "wt" means "weight" .
[0197] The following examples further illustrate how the compositions of matter of the invention can be made and evaluated, and are intended to be purely exemplary of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope thereof. Unless indicated otherwise, parts are parts by weight, temperature is in degrees C or is at room temperature, and pressure is at or near atmospheric.
[0198] EXAMPLES
[0199] The following abbreviations are used: J is Joules; J / m is Joules per meter; MPa is megapascal; Tc is crystallization temperature; IV is inherent viscosity; HDT is heat deflection temperature; MFR is melt flow rate; weight %(or wt%) is weight percent; TPA is terephthalic acid; TMCD is 2, 2, 4, 4-tetramethylcyclobutane-1, 3-diol and 1, 4-CHDM is 1, 4-cyclohexanedimethanol. PCTM is a glycol modified polyethylene cyclohexane dimethanol terephthalate. The materials used in testing are listed in Table 1.
[0200] Table 1: Materials used in testing
[0201] Copolyester compositions were prepared by compounding a combination of materials via an extrusion process using a 26mm twin screw extruder (Coperion ZSK 26 Mc18) and a 3.5–4mm hole die. All pelletized polymers and additives were mixed prior to feeding through a primary pellet feeder, except the glass fiber were blended and fed through a separate side feeder. Processing conditions are shown in Table 2.
[0202] Table 2. Extrusion processing conditions
[0203] Extruded strands were pelletized via a water bath / cutter or underwater pelletizer system, achieving an appropriate pellet size / shape for further processing.
[0204] The polyester compositions were molded into parts for testing via an injection molding process using a FANUC100 injection molding machine. Barrel temperatures ranged from 270-310℃ with mold temperatures ranging from 120-150℃. Test bars were molded at thicknesses of 1 mm (for optical testing) and 3.2 mm (for impact, tensile and flexural testing) .
[0205] Examples 1-8
[0206] Examples 1 to 8 were prepared as described above. The physical and optical properties were measured. The compositions and test results are listed below in Table 3.
[0207] Table 3 –Example 1-8 Compositions / Results
[0208] A review of Table 3 reveals that the polymer composition affected the transmittance. Comparing EXP-3 to EXP-8 with the other examples shows that these five examples had increased transmission at 1 mm.
[0209] Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the embodiments disclosed herein. It will be understood that variations and modifications can be affected within the spirit and scope of the disclosed embodiments. It is further intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the disclosed embodiments being indicated by the following claims.
Claims
1.A polyester composition comprising:(a) 65 to 85, or 65 to 80 weight %of a polyester component that comprises at least one polyester, said at least one polyester comprising:(i) a diacid component comprising80 to 100 mole %residues of terephthalic acid,0 to 20 mole %residues of a modifying aromatic diacid having 8 to 12 carbon atoms, and0 to 20 mole %residues of an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid; and(ii) a glycol component comprising80 to 100 mole %cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM) residues, and0 to 20 mole%of a modifying glycol having 2 to 20 carbon atoms;wherein the inherent viscosity of the at least one polyester is from 0.60 to 1.2, or 0.7 to 1.2 dL / g as determined using a solution of 10mL of a 70 / 30 (vt / vt) azeotrope of DCM / HFIP and 10μl of toluene at 25℃,wherein the weight %is based on the weight of the polyester composition, andwherein the total mole %of the dicarboxylic acid component is 100 mole %and the total mole %of the glycol component is 100 mole %; and(b) 5 to 40 weight %of a reinforcing material component that comprises a reinforcing filler material; and(c) 0.3 to 5, or greater than 0.3 to less than 5 weight %of a chain extender component that comprises at least one chain extender; and(d) 0.1 to 5 weight%, or 0.5 to 1.5 weight %of a nucleating agent component that comprises at least one nucleating agent;wherein the copolyester composition has an HDT of at least 250℃ and a transmittance of at least 38%, measured according to ASTM D1003 for a 1 mm plaque after annealing at 150℃ for 6 hrs.2.The polyester composition according to claim 1, wherein the polyester composition further comprises: (e) 0.5 to 5, weight %of an impact modifier component that comprises at least one impact modifier.3.The polyester composition according to claim 2, wherein the at least one impact modifier is chosen from ethylene / propylene terpolymers; functionalized polyolefins, containing methyl acrylate and / or glycidyl methacrylate; styrene-based block copolymeric impact modifiers; an acrylic core / shell type impact modifier; or combinations thereof.4.The polyester composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the at least one polyester comprises 90 to 100 mole %residues of terephthalic acid and 90 to 100 mole %cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM) residues.5.The polyester composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the polyester component comprises at least one amorphous copolyester.6.The polyester composition according to claim 5, wherein the at least one amorphous copolyester comprises:(i) a diacid component comprising:70 to 100 mole %residues of terephthalic acid,0 to 30 mole %residues of a modifying aromatic diacid having 8 to 12 carbon atoms, and0 to 30 mole %residues of an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid; and(ii) a glycol component comprising:1 to 99, or 5 to 40 mole %of cyclic diol residues having a 3 to 5 member cyclic structure or cyclic diol resides having a bicyclic structure with each individual ring in the bicyclic structure having 3 to 5 members; and1 to 99, or 50 to 95 mole %cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM) residues, and0 to 80, or 0 to 40 mole%of a modifying glycol having 2 to 20 carbon atoms;wherein the inherent viscosity of the at least one copolyester is from 0.60 to 1.2, or 0.7 to 1.2 dL / g as determined using a solution of 10mL of a 70 / 30 (vt / vt) azeotrope of DCM / HFIP and 10μl of toluene at 25℃, andwherein the total mole %of the dicarboxylic acid component is 100 mole %and the total mole %of the glycol component is 100 mole %.7.The polyester composition according to any one of claims 5 or 6, wherein the polyester component comprises a blend of the at least one polyester and the at least one amorphous copolyester, and wherein the blend comprises 90 to 99 weight%of the at least one polyester and 1 to 10 weight%of the at least one amorphous copolyester.8.The polyester composition according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the at least one amorphous copolyester comprises:(a) a dicarboxylic acid component comprising:i) 70 to 100 mole %of terephthalic acid residues;(b) a glycol component comprising:i) 20 to 40 mole %of 2, 2, 4, 4-tetramethyl-1, 3-cyclobutanediol (TMCD) residues; andii) 60 to 80 mole %of 1, 4-cyclohexanedimethanol residues,wherein the total mole %of the dicarboxylic acid component is 100 mole %, and the total mole %of the glycol component is 100 mole %; and wherein the inherent viscosity is 0.55 to 1.2 dL / g as determined using a solution of 10mL of a 70 / 30 (vt / vt) azeotrope of DCM / HFIP and 10μl of toluene at 25℃; and wherein the at least one copolyester has a Tg of at least 95℃.9.The polyester composition according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the polyester composition has a crystallization half time from 3 seconds to 1 minute.10.The polyester composition according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the reinforcing filler material is chosen from glass fiber, glass flakes, glass beads or combinations thereof.11.The polyester composition according to claim 10, wherein the reinforcing filler material is glass fiber having an average fiber length in a range from 3 to 5 mm.12.The polyester composition according to claim 11, wherein the glass fiber is cylindrical having an average fiber length in a range from 3 to 5 mm and an average fiber diameter from 7 to 15 um.13.The polyester composition according to claim 11, wherein the glass fiber is flat having an average fiber length in a range from 3 to 5 mm and an aspect ratio from 3 to 5.14.The polyester composition according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the at least one chain extender comprises a multifunctional epoxide chain extender.15.The polyester composition according to claims 14, wherein the multifunctional epoxide chain extender has an average of 2 to 10, or 3 to 8, or 3 to 7 pendant epoxy groups per molecule.16.The polyester composition according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the at least one nucleating agent is chosen from talc, sodium montanate, 5-dimethyl potassium sulfonyl isophthalateother, zinc phenylphosphonate, or combinations thereof.17.A molded article comprising the polyester composition according to any one of claims 1 to 16.18.The molded article according to claim 17, wherein the molded article is a component of a light emitting diode (LED) assembly.19.The molded article according to claim 18, wherein the molded article is an LED holder.20.A light emitting diode (LED) comprising a semi-transparent LED holder, wherein the LED holder comprises the polyester composition according to any one of claims 1 to 16, and wherein the LED has a light emit angle greater than 120°, or greater than 130°, or greater than 140°.
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