Engine cylinder head assembly, engine, powertrain and vehicle

Abstract

An engine cylinder head assembly (100), comprising an exhaust gas channel (11), an exhaust gas cooling portion (12) and a flow control valve (2), wherein the exhaust gas cooling portion (12) is the part of a cylinder head cooling jacket (13) adjacent to the exhaust gas channel (11); the exhaust gas cooling portion (12) is adapted for circulation of a cooling medium to exchange heat with exhaust gas in the exhaust gas channel (11), and the flow control valve (2) is connected to the exhaust gas cooling portion (12) and used for regulating the flow rate of the cooling medium in the exhaust gas cooling portion (12). Further disclosed are an engine, a powertrain and a vehicle.

Description

Engine cylinder head assembly, engine, powertrain and vehicle

[0001] Cross-reference to related applications

[0002] This disclosure claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202422140349.7, filed with the Chinese Patent Office on August 30, 2024, entitled "Engine Cylinder Head Assembly, Engine, Powertrain and Vehicle", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This disclosure relates to the field of vehicle engine technology, specifically to an engine cylinder head assembly, an engine, a powertrain, and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0004] To reduce nitrogen oxide emissions, an EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation) system is typically used to return exhaust gases from the engine to the intake system.

[0005] In related technologies, due to the high exhaust temperature of the engine, a separate EGR cooler needs to be installed in the EGR pipeline to cool the exhaust gas. This results in a complex EGR system with many pipes, poor cooling effect of the EGR system, and the exhaust gas cooling temperature not being well adapted to the engine's operating conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this disclosure is to provide an engine cylinder head assembly, an engine, a powertrain, and a vehicle to solve the aforementioned technical problems.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, as a first aspect of this disclosure, this disclosure provides an engine cylinder head assembly, comprising:

[0008] Exhaust gas passage;

[0009] The exhaust gas cooling section is a part of the cylinder head cooling sleeve adjacent to the exhaust gas passage. The exhaust gas cooling section is used to circulate a cooling medium to exchange heat with the exhaust gas in the exhaust gas passage.

[0010] A flow control valve is connected to the exhaust gas cooling section and is used to regulate the flow rate of the cooling medium within the exhaust gas cooling section.

[0011] Optionally, the inlet of the flow control valve is connected to one end of the exhaust gas cooling section, and the outlet of the flow control valve is connected to the other end of the exhaust gas cooling section.

[0012] Optionally, the cylinder head cooling sleeve has a first opening and a second opening, and the area between the first opening and the second opening is the exhaust gas cooling section;

[0013] The engine cylinder head assembly further includes a first cooling medium passage and a second cooling medium passage. One end of the first cooling medium passage is connected to the first opening, and the other end of the first cooling medium passage is connected to the inlet of the flow control valve. One end of the second cooling medium passage is connected to the second opening, and the other end of the second cooling medium passage is connected to the outlet of the flow control valve.

[0014] Optionally, the first cooling medium channel and / or the second cooling medium channel are adjacent to at least a portion of the exhaust gas channel, so that the cooling medium in the first cooling medium channel and / or the cooling medium in the second cooling medium channel can exchange heat with the exhaust gas in at least a portion of the exhaust gas channel.

[0015] Optionally, the exhaust gas cooling section, the first cooling medium channel, and the second cooling medium channel form a heat exchange area, and at least a portion of the exhaust gas channel is located within the heat exchange area.

[0016] Optionally, the exhaust gas passage includes an intake section, a heat exchange section, and an exhaust section connected in sequence. The end of the intake section away from the heat exchange section is the inlet of the exhaust gas passage, and the end of the exhaust section away from the heat exchange section is the outlet of the exhaust gas passage. The heat exchange section is adjacent to the exhaust gas cooling section.

[0017] Optionally, the flow direction of the exhaust gas in the heat exchange section is opposite to the flow direction of the cooling medium in the exhaust gas cooling section.

[0018] Optionally, the engine cylinder head assembly further includes a cylinder head body, the cylinder head cooling jacket and the exhaust gas passage are both disposed on the cylinder head body, and the flow control valve is installed on the cylinder head body.

[0019] Optionally, the engine cylinder head assembly further includes an exhaust gas recirculation valve, which is connected to the exhaust gas passage.

[0020] As a second aspect of this disclosure, this disclosure provides an engine including a cylinder block and the aforementioned engine cylinder head assembly, the cylinder block having an exhaust port and an intake port, the inlet of the exhaust gas passage communicating with the exhaust port, and the outlet of the exhaust gas passage communicating with the intake port.

[0021] Optionally, the engine further includes a turbocharger, a first exhaust pipe, and a second exhaust pipe, wherein the turbocharger includes a turbine section;

[0022] The inlet of the first exhaust pipe is connected to the exhaust port, the outlet of the first exhaust pipe is connected to the inlet of the turbine, and the inlet of the second exhaust pipe is connected to the outlet of the turbine.

[0023] Optionally, the first exhaust pipe is provided with a first interface, and the second exhaust pipe is provided with a second interface. The first interface is connected to the inlet of the exhaust gas passage and can selectively connect or disconnect from the inlet of the exhaust gas passage. The second interface is connected to the inlet of the exhaust gas passage and can selectively connect or disconnect from the inlet of the exhaust gas passage.

[0024] Optionally, the engine further includes a third exhaust pipe, a fourth exhaust pipe, a fifth exhaust pipe, and a first reversing valve;

[0025] The inlet of the third exhaust pipe is connected to the first interface, the outlet of the third exhaust pipe is connected to port A of the first reversing valve, the inlet of the fourth exhaust pipe is connected to the second interface, the outlet of the fourth exhaust pipe is connected to port B of the first reversing valve, port C of the first reversing valve is connected to the inlet of the fifth exhaust pipe, and the outlet of the fifth exhaust pipe is connected to the inlet of the exhaust gas passage.

[0026] Optionally, the engine further includes a turbocharger, a first intake manifold, and a second intake manifold, wherein the turbocharger includes a compressor;

[0027] The inlet of the first intake pipe is used to communicate with the outside atmosphere, the outlet of the first intake pipe is connected to the inlet of the compressor, the inlet of the second intake pipe is connected to the outlet of the compressor, and the outlet of the second intake pipe is connected to the air inlet.

[0028] Optionally, the first intake pipe is provided with a third interface, the second intake pipe is provided with a fourth interface, the outlet of the exhaust gas passage is connected to the third interface and can be selectively connected or disconnected from the third interface, and the outlet of the exhaust gas passage is also connected to the fourth interface and can be selectively connected or disconnected from the fourth interface.

[0029] Optionally, the engine further includes a third intake pipe, a fourth intake pipe, a fifth intake pipe, and a second reversing valve;

[0030] The outlet of the exhaust gas passage is connected to the inlet of the third intake pipe, the outlet of the third intake pipe is connected to port A of the second reversing valve, port B of the second reversing valve is connected to the inlet of the fourth intake pipe, the outlet of the fourth intake pipe is connected to the fourth interface, port C of the second reversing valve is connected to the inlet of the fifth intake pipe, and the outlet of the fifth intake pipe is connected to the third interface.

[0031] Optionally, the engine further includes an intercooler, the inlet of which is connected to the outlet of the compressor, and the outlet of which is connected to the inlet of the second intake manifold.

[0032] Optionally, the engine further includes a turbocharger, the turbocharger including a turbine and a compressor, and the engine has a first mode, a second mode, a third mode and a fourth mode;

[0033] In the first mode, the exhaust port bypasses the turbine and is connected to the inlet of the exhaust gas passage, and the outlet of the exhaust gas passage is connected to the air inlet through the compressor;

[0034] In the second mode, the exhaust port bypasses the turbine and is connected to the inlet of the exhaust gas passage, and the outlet of the exhaust gas passage bypasses the compressor and is connected to the air inlet;

[0035] In the third mode, the exhaust port is connected to the inlet of the exhaust gas passage via the turbine section, and the outlet of the exhaust gas passage is connected to the air inlet via the compressor.

[0036] In the fourth mode, the exhaust port is connected to the inlet of the exhaust gas passage via the turbine section, and the outlet of the exhaust gas passage bypasses the compressor and is connected to the air inlet.

[0037] As a third aspect provided by this disclosure, this disclosure provides a powertrain including the engine described above.

[0038] As a fourth aspect provided by this disclosure, this disclosure provides a vehicle including the engine or powertrain described above.

[0039] Through the above technical solution, this disclosure integrates an exhaust gas passage into the engine cylinder head assembly. Since the exhaust gas cooling section of the cylinder head cooling jacket is adjacent to the exhaust gas passage, this disclosure can utilize the cooling medium within the cylinder head cooling jacket to cool the exhaust gas, allowing the exhaust gas to exchange heat with the cooling medium within the engine cylinder head assembly. Compared to related technologies, there is no need for a separate EGR cooler to cool the exhaust gas, simplifying the EGR system, reducing the piping complexity of the EGR system, reducing the installation space occupied by the EGR system in the vehicle, and improving the engine's integration.

[0040] Furthermore, since the engine cylinder head assembly also includes a flow control valve, the flow rate and velocity of the cooling medium in the exhaust gas cooling section can be controlled. This allows the exhaust gas cooling temperature to be adjusted according to the engine's operating conditions, ensuring that the exhaust gas cooling temperature is better suited to the engine's operating conditions. For example, when the engine is at high speed, the flow rate of the cooling medium can be increased to improve the cooling efficiency or effect on the exhaust gas.

[0041] Other features and advantages of this disclosure will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. Attached Figure Description

[0042] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this disclosure will become apparent and readily understood from the following description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0043] Figure 1 is a perspective view of a powertrain provided in one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0044] Figure 2 is a perspective view of a powertrain provided in one embodiment of the present disclosure (different from the perspective of Figure 1).

[0045] Figure 3 is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of an engine cylinder head assembly provided in one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0046] Figure 4 is a flow path diagram of an engine EGR system provided in one embodiment of this disclosure.

[0047] Figure 5 is a flow path diagram of an engine EGR system in a first mode according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0048] Figure 6 is a flow path diagram of an engine EGR system in a second mode according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0049] Figure 7 is a flow path diagram of an engine EGR system in the third mode according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0050] Figure 8 is a flow path diagram of an engine EGR system in the fourth mode according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0051] Figure 9 is a structural block diagram of a vehicle provided in one embodiment of this disclosure.

[0052] Figure 10 is a structural block diagram of a vehicle provided in another embodiment of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0053] The specific embodiments of this disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit this disclosure.

[0054] In this disclosure, unless otherwise stated, directional terms such as "upper" and "lower" are generally defined based on the normal driving state of the vehicle. They are used only for the convenience of describing this disclosure and for simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or a specific orientational construction and operation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this disclosure. "Inner" and "outer" refer to the inside and outside of the outline of the corresponding component. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0055] In the description of this disclosure, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "set up," "connect," "link," and "install" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this disclosure according to the specific circumstances.

[0056] As a first aspect of this disclosure, as shown in Figures 1 and 3, this disclosure provides an engine cylinder head assembly 100, including an exhaust gas passage 11, an exhaust gas cooling section 12, and a flow control valve 2. The exhaust gas cooling section 12 is a portion of the cylinder head cooling jacket 13 adjacent to the exhaust gas passage 11, and is used to circulate a cooling medium for heat exchange with the exhaust gas within the exhaust gas passage 11. The flow control valve 2 is connected to the exhaust gas cooling section 12 and is used to regulate the flow rate of the cooling medium within the exhaust gas cooling section 12.

[0057] Through the above technical solution, this disclosure integrates an exhaust gas passage 11 on the engine cylinder head assembly 100. Since the exhaust gas cooling section 12 of the cylinder head cooling jacket 13 is adjacent to the exhaust gas passage 11, this disclosure can utilize the cooling medium within the cylinder head cooling jacket 13 to cool the exhaust gas, allowing the exhaust gas to exchange heat with the cooling medium within the engine cylinder head assembly 100. Compared with related technologies, there is no need to install a separate EGR cooler to cool the exhaust gas, simplifying the EGR system, reducing the piping complexity of the EGR system, reducing the installation space occupied by the EGR system in the vehicle, and improving the integration of the engine.

[0058] Furthermore, since the engine cylinder head assembly 100 also includes a flow control valve 2, the flow rate and velocity of the cooling medium in the exhaust gas cooling section 12 can be controlled via the flow control valve 2. This allows the exhaust gas cooling temperature to be adjusted according to the operating conditions of the engine 10, so that the exhaust gas cooling temperature can be better adapted to the operating conditions of the engine 10. For example, when the engine 10 is at high speed, the flow rate of the cooling medium can be increased to improve the cooling efficiency or cooling effect of the exhaust gas.

[0059] It should be noted that the aforementioned exhaust gas cooling section 12 can be part of the overall structure of the cylinder head cooling jacket 13, or it can be the entire structure of the cylinder head cooling jacket 13; this disclosure does not limit this. Furthermore, it is understood that the exhaust gas originates from the exhaust gas of the engine 10; therefore, the inlet of the exhaust gas passage 11 can be connected to the exhaust port 101 on the engine 10, and the outlet of the exhaust gas passage 11 can be connected to the air intake port 102 on the engine 10.

[0060] Optionally, the engine cylinder head assembly 100 may also include a cylinder head body 1, with the cylinder head cooling jacket 13 and exhaust gas passage 11 both disposed on the cylinder head body 1, and the flow control valve 2 mounted on the cylinder head body 1.

[0061] The flow control valve 2 can have any appropriate connection with the exhaust gas cooling section 12 to adjust the flow rate of the cooling medium in the exhaust gas cooling section 12, as long as the flow control valve 2 can adjust the flow rate of the cooling medium in the exhaust gas cooling section 12.

[0062] For example, in one embodiment provided in this disclosure, as shown in FIG3, the inlet of the flow control valve 2 is connected to one end of the exhaust gas cooling section 12, and the outlet of the flow control valve 2 is connected to the other end of the exhaust gas cooling section 12, that is, the flow control valve 2 and the exhaust gas cooling section 12 are connected in series to form a loop. The flow rate and velocity of the cooling medium flowing into the exhaust gas cooling section 12 can be adjusted by adjusting the opening of the flow control valve 2.

[0063] In another embodiment provided in this disclosure, the outlet of the flow control valve 2 can be connected to the inlet of the exhaust gas cooling section 12, and the inlet of the flow control valve 2 can be connected to the part of the cylinder head cooling sleeve 13 that is connected to the exhaust gas cooling section 12. That is, the flow control valve 2 and the exhaust gas cooling section 12 are connected in series to form a flow path, thereby controlling the flow rate and velocity of the cooling medium entering the exhaust gas cooling section 12.

[0064] To facilitate the connection between the flow control valve 2 and the exhaust gas cooling section 12, optionally, as shown in Figure 3, the cylinder head cooling sleeve 13 has a first opening 131 and a second opening 132, with the exhaust gas cooling section 12 located between the first opening 131 and the second opening 132. The cylinder head body 1 also has a first cooling medium channel 14 and a second cooling medium channel 15. One end of the first cooling medium channel 14 is connected to the first opening 131, and the other end is connected to the inlet of the flow control valve 2. One end of the second cooling medium channel 15 is connected to the second opening 132, and the other end is connected to the outlet of the flow control valve 2. By providing a first cooling medium channel 14 and a second cooling medium channel 15 on the cylinder head body 1, the first opening 131 of the exhaust gas cooling section 12 is connected to the inlet of the flow control valve 2, and the second opening 132 of the exhaust gas cooling section 12 is connected to the outlet of the flow control valve 2, thereby forming a circulating loop between the exhaust gas cooling section 12 and the flow control valve 2. The flow rate of the cooling medium in this flow path is controlled by the flow control valve 2, thereby completing the cooling of the exhaust gas in the exhaust gas channel 11.

[0065] Optionally, the flow control valve 2 can be directly connected to the first cooling medium channel 14 and the second cooling medium channel 15, or it can be connected to the first cooling medium channel 14 and the second cooling medium channel 15 through a connecting pipe. This disclosure does not limit this.

[0066] Optionally, the first cooling medium passage 14 and the second cooling medium passage 15 can be provided on the cylinder head body 1.

[0067] To further improve cooling efficiency, optionally, as shown in FIG3, the first cooling medium channel 14 and / or the second cooling medium channel 15 are adjacent to at least a portion of the exhaust gas channel 11, so that the cooling medium in the first cooling medium channel 14 and / or the cooling medium in the second cooling medium channel 15 can exchange heat with the exhaust gas in at least a portion of the exhaust gas channel 11. While the exhaust gas cooling section 12 is adjacent to at least a portion of the exhaust gas channel 11, enabling heat exchange with the exhaust gas, the adjacent proximity of the first cooling medium channel 14 and / or the second cooling medium channel 15 to at least a portion of the exhaust gas channel 11 also allows the first cooling medium channel 14 and / or the second cooling medium channel 15 to cool the exhaust gas in at least a portion of the exhaust gas channel 11, further improving the exhaust gas cooling efficiency.

[0068] Optionally, as shown in Figure 3, the exhaust gas cooling section 12, the first cooling medium channel 14, and the second cooling medium channel 15 form a heat exchange region 16, with at least a portion of the exhaust gas channel 11 located within the heat exchange region 16. The heat exchange region 16 formed by the exhaust gas cooling section 12, the first cooling medium channel 14, and the second cooling medium channel 15 can create a heat exchange space. As long as at least a portion of the exhaust gas channel 11 is located within this space, it can exchange heat with the cooling medium. This further increases the heat exchange contact area between the cooling medium and the exhaust gas, improving the cooling efficiency of the exhaust gas.

[0069] Optionally, as shown in Figure 3, the exhaust gas passage 11 includes an intake section 111, a heat exchange section 112, and an exhaust section 113 connected in sequence. The end of the intake section 111 away from the heat exchange section 112 is the inlet of the exhaust gas passage 11, and the end of the exhaust section 113 away from the heat exchange section 112 is the outlet of the exhaust gas passage 11. The heat exchange section 112 is adjacent to the exhaust gas cooling section 12. The exhaust gas discharged from the exhaust port 101 on the engine 10 enters the exhaust gas passage 11 through the intake section 111, exchanges heat with the cooling medium in the heat exchange section 112 and is then discharged through the exhaust section 113.

[0070] Optionally, the flow direction of the exhaust gas in the heat exchange section 112 is opposite to the flow direction of the cooling medium in the exhaust gas cooling section 12. Since the exhaust gas cooling section 12 and the heat exchange section 112 are arranged adjacent to each other, and the flow direction of the exhaust gas in the heat exchange section 112 is opposite to the flow direction of the cooling medium in the exhaust gas cooling section 12, the part with the largest temperature difference between the exhaust gas and the cooling medium can always maintain contact, thereby increasing the heat exchange efficiency between the exhaust gas and the cooling medium.

[0071] To control the amount of exhaust gas entering the exhaust gas passage 11, optionally, as shown in Figure 3, the engine cylinder head assembly 100 may also include an exhaust gas recirculation valve 3, which is connected to the exhaust gas passage 11. The exhaust gas recirculation valve 3 can control the amount of exhaust gas entering the engine 10 from the exhaust gas passage 11, thereby improving fuel efficiency while ensuring the normal operation of the engine 10.

[0072] Optionally, the inlet of the exhaust gas recirculation valve 3 can be connected to the exhaust port 101 on the engine 10, and the outlet of the exhaust gas recirculation valve 3 can be connected to the inlet of the exhaust gas passage 11, so that the exhaust gas recirculation valve 3 can control the amount of exhaust gas entering the exhaust gas passage 11, thereby further controlling the amount of exhaust gas entering the engine 10 from the exhaust gas passage 11. Alternatively, the inlet of the exhaust gas recirculation valve 3 can be connected to the outlet of the exhaust gas passage 11, and the outlet of the exhaust gas recirculation valve 3 can be connected to the air intake port 102 on the engine 10, so that the amount of exhaust gas entering the engine 10 from the exhaust gas passage 11 can be controlled by the exhaust gas recirculation valve 3.

[0073] Optionally, the exhaust gas recirculation valve 3 can be installed on the cylinder head body 1.

[0074] As a second aspect of this disclosure, as shown in Figures 1 to 8, this disclosure provides an engine 10, including a cylinder block 200 and the aforementioned engine cylinder head assembly 100. The cylinder block 200 has an exhaust port 101 and an intake port 102. The inlet of the exhaust gas passage 11 of the engine cylinder head assembly 100 is connected to the exhaust port 101, and the outlet of the exhaust gas passage 11 is connected to the intake port 102.

[0075] Optionally, as shown in FIG4, the engine 10 further includes a turbocharger 121, a first exhaust pipe 103, and a second exhaust pipe 104. The turbocharger 121 includes a turbine section 105. The inlet of the first exhaust pipe 103 is connected to the exhaust port 101, the outlet of the first exhaust pipe 103 is connected to the inlet of the turbine section 105, and the inlet of the second exhaust pipe 104 is connected to the outlet of the turbine section 105.

[0076] The turbine section 105 of the turbocharger 121 includes a volute and a turbine disposed inside the volute. The exhaust gas discharged from the engine 10 can drive the turbine to rotate, and the turbine can drive the impeller inside the compressor 110 of the turbocharger 121 to rotate, compressing the air and allowing the compressed air to enter the engine 10.

[0077] Generally, the main purpose of the EGR system is to ensure that the exhaust gas recirculation rate reaches a relatively ideal state under all operating conditions of the engine 10, thereby maintaining a relatively ideal combustion process and ultimately ensuring that the proportion of pollutants in the combustion emissions is at a low level. Therefore, the EGR system does not operate under all operating conditions of the engine 10; it only operates when it is necessary to reduce pollutant levels. For example, during starting, warm-up, idling, and other low-load conditions, the engine 10's cooling medium temperature and combustion temperature are low, and the EGR system does not operate. Under medium-load conditions, the concentration of nitrogen oxide emissions is higher, and the EGR rate is generally between 10% and 20%. Under high-load conditions, the amount of nitrogen oxides generated is lower, and to ensure the engine 10's power output, the EGR rate is usually lower.

[0078] In order to adjust the EGR rate to adapt to different operating conditions of the engine 10, optionally, a first interface 1031 is provided on the first exhaust pipe 103, and a second interface 1041 is provided on the second exhaust pipe 104. The first interface 1031 is connected to the inlet of the exhaust gas passage 11 and can selectively connect or disconnect from the inlet of the exhaust gas passage 11. The second interface 1041 is connected to the inlet of the exhaust gas passage 11 and can selectively connect or disconnect from the inlet of the exhaust gas passage 11.

[0079] Since the turbine section 105 of the turbocharger 121 is driven by exhaust gas, the pressure of the exhaust gas passing through the turbine section 105 will decrease to a certain extent. The outlet of the first exhaust pipe 103 is connected to the inlet of the turbine section 105, and the first interface 1031 is provided on the first exhaust pipe 103. Therefore, the exhaust gas entering the first interface 1031 is the exhaust gas that has not entered the turbine section 105 and is still in a high-pressure state. At this time, the exhaust gas flowing into the exhaust gas passage 11 from the first interface 1031 will also maintain a high-pressure state, thereby increasing the flow speed of the exhaust gas in the exhaust gas passage 11 and improving the efficiency of the recovered exhaust gas per unit time.

[0080] Since the inlet of the second exhaust pipe 104 is connected to the outlet of the turbine section 105, the exhaust gas passing through the turbine section 105 flows into the second exhaust pipe 104. The exhaust gas pressure in the second exhaust pipe 104 is low. The second interface 1041 is provided on the second exhaust pipe 104. Therefore, the exhaust gas pressure flowing out from the second interface 1041 is low. The low-pressure exhaust gas enters the exhaust gas passage 11, which can meet the exhaust gas recovery requirements of the engine 10 at low speeds.

[0081] Optionally, as shown in Figure 4, the engine 10 further includes a third exhaust pipe 106, a fourth exhaust pipe 107, a fifth exhaust pipe 108, and a first reversing valve 109. The inlet of the third exhaust pipe 106 is connected to the first interface 1031, and the outlet of the third exhaust pipe 106 is connected to port A of the first reversing valve 109. The inlet of the fourth exhaust pipe 107 is connected to the second interface 1041, and the outlet of the fourth exhaust pipe 107 is connected to port B of the first reversing valve 109. Port C of the first reversing valve 109 is connected to the inlet of the fifth exhaust pipe 108, and the outlet of the fifth exhaust pipe 108 is connected to the inlet of the exhaust gas passage 11.

[0082] Through the third exhaust pipe 106, the fourth exhaust pipe 107, and the first reversing valve 109, exhaust gas flowing in through the first port 1031 or the second port 1041 can be transported to the fifth exhaust pipe 108, and then enter the exhaust gas passage 11 through the outlet of the fifth exhaust pipe 108. In this way, the first reversing valve 109 can select the pressure of the exhaust gas entering the exhaust gas passage 11 according to different operating conditions of the engine 10, so that the combustion process of the engine 10 is always in a relatively ideal state.

[0083] Optionally, as shown in Figure 4, the engine 10 further includes a turbocharger 121, a first intake pipe 114, and a second intake pipe 115. The turbocharger 121 includes a compressor 110, which is drivenly connected to the turbine section 105. The inlet of the first intake pipe 114 is used to communicate with the outside atmosphere, and the outlet of the first intake pipe 114 is connected to the inlet of the compressor 110. The inlet of the second intake pipe 115 is connected to the outlet of the compressor 110, and the outlet of the second intake pipe 115 is connected to the intake port 102.

[0084] Since the exhaust gas passage 11 inside the cylinder head body 1 is adjacent to the exhaust gas cooling section 12, the exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust gas passage 11 can exchange heat with the exhaust gas cooling section 12. Therefore, the exhaust gas flowing out of the outlet of the exhaust gas passage 11 is cooled exhaust gas. The outlet of the exhaust gas passage 11 is connected to the air intake 102, and the exhaust gas flowing out of the outlet of the exhaust gas passage 11 can mix with the air entering the first air intake pipe 114 or the second air intake pipe 115 from the outside atmosphere and enter the engine 10 together.

[0085] Optionally, in order to adjust the EGR rate to adapt to different operating conditions of the engine 10, a third interface 1141 is provided on the first intake pipe 114, and a fourth interface 1151 is provided on the second intake pipe 115. The outlet of the exhaust gas passage 11 is connected to the third interface 1141 and can be selectively connected or disconnected from the third interface 1141. The outlet of the exhaust gas passage 11 is also connected to the fourth interface 1151 and can be selectively connected or disconnected from the fourth interface 1151.

[0086] Since the third interface 1141 is located on the first intake pipe 114, the outlet of the first intake pipe 114 is connected to the inlet of the compressor 110. The cooled exhaust gas discharged from the exhaust gas passage 11 can enter the first intake pipe 114 through the third interface 1141 and enter the compressor 110 together with the air entering the first intake pipe 114 from the outside atmosphere. The intake volume is further increased by compressing the air, thereby improving the combustion efficiency of the engine 10.

[0087] The fourth interface 1151 is located on the second intake pipe 115. The inlet of the second intake pipe 115 is connected to the outlet of the compressor 110. The cooled exhaust gas discharged from the exhaust gas passage 11 can enter the second intake pipe 115 through the fourth interface 1151. Since the fresh air in the second intake pipe 115 has been pressurized by the compressor 110, it can enter the engine 10 together with the cooled exhaust gas.

[0088] Optionally, as shown in Figure 4, the engine 10 further includes a third intake pipe 116, a fourth intake pipe 117, a fifth intake pipe 118, and a second reversing valve 119. The outlet of the exhaust gas passage 11 is connected to the inlet of the third intake pipe 116, the outlet of the third intake pipe 116 is connected to port A of the second reversing valve 119, port B of the second reversing valve 119 is connected to the inlet of the fourth intake pipe 117, the outlet of the fourth intake pipe 117 is connected to the fourth interface 1151, port C of the second reversing valve 119 is connected to the inlet of the fifth intake pipe 118, and the outlet of the fifth intake pipe 118 is connected to the third interface 1141.

[0089] Through the fourth intake pipe 117, the fifth intake pipe 118, and the second reversing valve 119, the exhaust gas flowing out of the exhaust gas passage 11 can be diverted by the third intake pipe 116 and the second reversing valve 119 to the fourth port 1151 or the third port 1141. Then, the cooled exhaust gas is mixed with fresh air and reintroduced into the engine 10 through the fourth intake pipe 117 and the fifth intake pipe 118. Thus, depending on the different operating conditions of the engine 10, the second reversing valve 119 can select whether the exhaust gas is discharged into the first intake pipe 114 or the second intake pipe 115, thereby controlling the proportion of exhaust gas in the engine 10's intake air volume and ensuring that the combustion process of the engine 10 remains in a relatively ideal state under different operating conditions.

[0090] As shown in Figures 5 to 8, the exhaust gas pipeline consists of the first exhaust pipe 103, the second exhaust pipe 104, the third exhaust pipe 106, the fourth exhaust pipe 107, the fifth exhaust pipe 108, and the first reversing valve 109. The exhaust gas intake pipeline consists of the first intake pipe 114, the second intake pipe 115, the third intake pipe 116, the fourth intake pipe 117, the fifth intake pipe 118, and the second reversing valve 119. The above-mentioned exhaust gas intake pipeline and exhaust gas pipeline can also have different combination modes to form an EGR cycle mode that adapts to different operating conditions of the engine 10.

[0091] For example, as shown in Figure 5, in the first mode, on the exhaust pipe side, the exhaust gas discharged from the first exhaust pipe 103 enters the first reversing valve 109 through the first interface 1031. At this time, the A and C ports of the first reversing valve 109 are connected, and the exhaust gas enters the exhaust passage 11 through the fifth exhaust pipe 108. On the exhaust gas intake pipe side, the cooled exhaust gas discharged from the exhaust passage 11 enters the second reversing valve 119 through the third intake pipe 116. At this time, the A and C ports of the second reversing valve 119 are connected, and the exhaust gas enters the first intake pipe 114 through the fifth intake pipe 118 and the third interface 1141, thereby further entering the engine 10 through the first intake pipe 114.

[0092] In this mode, the exhaust gas entering from the first interface 1031 enters the exhaust gas passage 11 at a relatively high pressure because it does not drive the turbine section 105 to rotate. Meanwhile, the exhaust gas located on the exhaust gas intake side has a lower pressure because fresh air has not yet entered the compressor 110. This results in a larger pressure difference between the exhaust gas exhaust pipe and the exhaust gas intake pipe, thereby increasing the flow velocity of the exhaust gas in the exhaust gas passage 11. At this time, the EGR system operates efficiently, adapting to medium-load conditions of the engine 10 and reducing nitrogen oxide emissions.

[0093] As shown in Figure 6, in the second mode, the flow path of the exhaust gas before entering the exhaust gas passage 11 on the exhaust gas exhaust pipe side is the same as in the first cycle mode. On the exhaust gas intake pipe side, the cooled exhaust gas discharged from the exhaust gas passage 11 enters the second reversing valve 119 through the third intake pipe 116. At this time, the A port and B port of the second reversing valve 119 are connected, and the exhaust gas enters the second intake pipe 115 through the fourth intake pipe 117 and the fourth interface 1151, thereby entering the engine 10 through the second intake pipe 115.

[0094] In this mode, the exhaust gas entering from the first interface 1031 enters the exhaust gas passage 11 at a relatively high pressure since the turbine section 105 is not driven to rotate. Meanwhile, the exhaust gas located on the side of the exhaust gas intake pipe has a higher pressure because the fresh air has already been pressurized by the compressor 110. The pressure difference between the exhaust gas exhaust pipe and the exhaust gas intake pipe is small, which can adapt to the low-load or high-load operating conditions of the engine 10 and improve the power performance of the engine 10.

[0095] As shown in Figure 7, in the third mode, on the exhaust pipe side, the exhaust gas discharged from the first exhaust pipe 103 enters the first reversing valve 109 through the second port 1041 on the second exhaust pipe 104. At this time, ports B and C of the first reversing valve 109 are open, and the exhaust gas enters the exhaust passage 11 through the fourth exhaust pipe 107 and the fifth exhaust pipe 108. On the exhaust gas intake pipe side, the cooled exhaust gas discharged from the exhaust passage 11 enters the second reversing valve 119 through the third intake pipe 116. At this time, ports A and C of the second reversing valve 119 are open, and the exhaust gas enters the first intake pipe 114 through the fifth intake pipe 118 and the third port 1141, thereby entering the engine 10 through the first intake pipe 114.

[0096] In this mode, the kinetic energy of the exhaust gas entering from the second interface 1041 has been used to drive the turbine 105 to rotate, resulting in a lower exhaust gas pressure entering the exhaust gas passage 11. Meanwhile, the exhaust gas located on the side of the exhaust gas intake pipe has a lower pressure because fresh air has not yet entered the compressor 110. The pressure difference between the exhaust gas exhaust pipe and the exhaust gas intake pipe is small, which can adapt to the low-load or high-load operating conditions of the engine 10 and improve the power performance of the engine 10.

[0097] As shown in Figure 8, in the fourth mode, the flow path of the exhaust gas before entering the exhaust gas passage 11 is the same as that in the third circulation mode. On the side of the exhaust gas intake pipe, the cooled exhaust gas discharged from the exhaust gas passage 11 enters the second reversing valve 119 through the third intake pipe 116. At this time, the A port and B port of the second reversing valve 119 are connected, and the exhaust gas enters the second intake pipe 115 through the fourth port 1151 via the fourth intake pipe 117, and then enters the engine 10 through the second intake pipe 115.

[0098] In this mode, the kinetic energy of the exhaust gas entering from the second interface 1041 has been used to drive the turbine 105 to rotate, resulting in a lower exhaust gas pressure entering the exhaust gas passage 11. Meanwhile, the exhaust gas located on the side of the exhaust gas intake pipe has a higher pressure because the fresh air has already been pressurized by the compressor 110. The pressure difference between the exhaust gas exhaust pipe and the exhaust gas intake pipe is large. However, the degree of pressurization by the compressor 110 is relatively small compared to the pressure when the exhaust gas is discharged, which cannot meet the requirements of the EGR system circulation speed under medium load conditions of the engine 10. Therefore, it can be adapted to low load or high load conditions of the engine 10, thereby improving the power performance of the engine 10.

[0099] It is understood that this disclosure is not limited to the exhaust gas pipeline consisting of the first exhaust pipe 103, the second exhaust pipe 104, the third exhaust pipe 106, the fourth exhaust pipe 107, the fifth exhaust pipe 108 and the first reversing valve 109 mentioned above, and the exhaust gas intake pipeline consisting of the first intake pipe 114, the second intake pipe 115, the third intake pipe 116, the fourth intake pipe 117, the fifth intake pipe 118 and the second reversing valve 119, to achieve the above-mentioned mode of adapting to different operating conditions of the engine 10. Any mode that can adapt to different operating conditions of the engine 10 is acceptable.

[0100] For example, engine 10 may include turbocharger 121, which includes turbine section 105 and compressor 110, and engine has a first mode, a second mode, a third mode and a fourth mode.

[0101] In the first mode, the exhaust port 101 bypasses the turbine section 105 and connects to the inlet of the exhaust gas passage 11, while the outlet of the exhaust gas passage 11 connects to the air inlet 102 via the compressor 110. In this mode, as shown in Figure 5, the exhaust gas discharged from the exhaust port 101 does not flow through the turbine section 105 but enters the exhaust gas passage 11. The exhaust gas discharged from the exhaust gas passage 11 mixes with fresh air and then enters the compressor 110 together.

[0102] In the second mode, the exhaust port 101 bypasses the turbine section 105 and connects to the inlet of the exhaust gas passage 11, while the outlet of the exhaust gas passage 11 bypasses the compressor 110 and connects to the intake port 102. In this mode, as shown in Figure 6, the exhaust gas discharged from the exhaust port 101 does not flow through the turbine section 105 but enters the exhaust gas passage 11. The exhaust gas discharged from the exhaust gas passage 11 mixes with the fresh air pressurized by the compressor 110 and then enters the cylinder block 200 of the engine 10.

[0103] In the third mode, the exhaust port 101 is connected to the inlet of the exhaust gas passage 11 via the turbine section 105, and the outlet of the exhaust gas passage 11 is connected to the air inlet 102 via the compressor 110. In this mode, as shown in Figure 7, the exhaust gas discharged from the exhaust port 101 flows through the turbine section 105 and then enters the exhaust gas passage 11. The exhaust gas discharged from the exhaust gas passage 11 mixes with fresh air and then enters the compressor 110 together.

[0104] In the fourth mode, the exhaust port 101 is connected to the inlet of the exhaust gas passage 11 via the turbine unit 105, and the outlet of the exhaust gas passage 11 bypasses the compressor 110 and is connected to the intake port 102. In this mode, as shown in Figure 8, the exhaust gas discharged from the exhaust port 101 flows through the turbine unit 105 and then enters the exhaust gas passage 11. The exhaust gas discharged from the exhaust gas passage 11 mixes with the fresh air pressurized by the compressor 110 and then enters the cylinder block 200 of the engine 10.

[0105] It is understandable that the connection between the exhaust port 101, bypassing the turbine section 105, and the inlet of the exhaust gas passage 11 means that the exhaust gas discharged from the exhaust port 101 does not flow through the turbine section 105 but enters the inlet of the exhaust gas passage 11. Similarly, the connection between the outlet of the exhaust gas passage 11, bypassing the compressor 110, and the inlet 102 means that the exhaust gas discharged from the outlet of the exhaust gas passage 11 does not flow through the compressor 110 but enters the inlet 102.

[0106] Optionally, as shown in Figure 4, the engine 10 also includes an intercooler 120. The inlet of the intercooler 120 is connected to the outlet of the compressor 110, and the outlet of the intercooler 120 is connected to the inlet of the second intake pipe 115. After the air is pressurized by the compressor 110, it enters the intercooler 120 and is cooled down. The cooled air then enters the engine 10 through the second intake pipe 115. The intercooler 120 is located downstream of the third interface 1141. After the exhaust gas and fresh air are pressurized by the compressor 110, they enter the intercooler 120 for cooling. The lower intake temperature helps to improve combustion efficiency, making the engine 10 run more economically.

[0107] Optionally, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, the turbine 105 and compressor 110 can be arranged relatively spaced apart and located on top of the engine cylinder head assembly 100. The first exhaust pipe 103 and the second exhaust pipe 104 can be located near the turbine 105 for connection to the turbine 105, and the first intake pipe 114 and the second intake pipe 115 can be located near the compressor 110 for connection to the compressor 110. The intercooler 120 is mounted on the cylinder block 200 and located near the compressor 110 for connection to the second intake pipe 115. The exhaust gas recirculation valve 3 and the flow control valve 2 can be located on top of the cylinder head body 1 and near the edge of the cylinder head body 1 to provide installation space for structures such as the turbocharger 121.

[0108] Optionally, the first exhaust pipe 103 and the second exhaust pipe 104 may be located on one side of the cylinder block 200, and the first intake pipe 114, the second intake pipe 115 and the intercooler 120 may be located on the other side of the cylinder block 200.

[0109] As a third aspect of this disclosure, this disclosure provides a powertrain 300, including the aforementioned engine 10.

[0110] Optionally, as shown in Figure 2, the powertrain 300 may include an electric drive assembly 20, which may include a drive motor, a reducer, etc.

[0111] Optionally, as shown in Figure 2, the electric drive assembly 20 can be located on the side of the cylinder block 200 away from the engine cylinder head assembly 100. For example, the engine cylinder head assembly 100 can be located at the top of the cylinder block 200, and the electric drive assembly 20 can be located at the bottom of the cylinder block 200.

[0112] As a fourth aspect of this disclosure, as shown in Figures 9 and 10, this disclosure provides a vehicle 400, including the aforementioned engine 10 or powertrain 300. The vehicle 400 can be a hybrid vehicle or a gasoline-powered vehicle, and this disclosure does not limit the specific vehicle to either.

[0113] The preferred embodiments of this disclosure have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this disclosure is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments. Within the scope of the technical concept of this disclosure, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solutions of this disclosure, and these simple modifications all fall within the protection scope of this disclosure.

[0114] It should also be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. To avoid unnecessary repetition, this disclosure will not describe the various possible combinations separately.

[0115] Furthermore, various different embodiments of this disclosure can be combined in any way, as long as they do not violate the spirit of this disclosure, they should also be regarded as the content disclosed in this disclosure.

Claims

1. An engine cylinder head assembly (100), characterized in that, include: Exhaust gas passage (11); Exhaust gas cooling section (12), which is a part of the cylinder head cooling sleeve (13) adjacent to the exhaust gas passage (11), is used to circulate cooling medium to exchange heat with the exhaust gas in the exhaust gas passage (11); A flow control valve (2) is connected to the exhaust gas cooling section (12) and is used to regulate the flow rate of the cooling medium in the exhaust gas cooling section (12).

2. The engine cylinder head assembly (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inlet of the flow control valve (2) is connected to one end of the exhaust gas cooling section (12), and the outlet of the flow control valve (2) is connected to the other end of the exhaust gas cooling section (12).

3. The engine cylinder head assembly (100) according to claim 2, characterized in that, The cylinder head cooling sleeve (13) has a first opening (131) and a second opening (132), and the exhaust gas cooling section (12) is located between the first opening (131) and the second opening (132). The engine cylinder head assembly (100) further includes a first cooling medium passage (14) and a second cooling medium passage (15). One end of the first cooling medium passage (14) is connected to the first opening (131), and the other end of the first cooling medium passage (14) is connected to the inlet of the flow control valve (2). One end of the second cooling medium passage (15) is connected to the second opening (132), and the other end of the second cooling medium passage (15) is connected to the outlet of the flow control valve (2).

4. The engine cylinder head assembly (100) according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first cooling medium channel (14) and / or the second cooling medium channel (15) are adjacent to at least a portion of the exhaust gas channel (11) so that the cooling medium in the first cooling medium channel (14) and / or the cooling medium in the second cooling medium channel (15) can exchange heat with the exhaust gas in at least a portion of the exhaust gas channel (11).

5. The engine cylinder head assembly (100) according to claim 4, characterized in that, The exhaust gas cooling section (12), the first cooling medium channel (14), and the second cooling medium channel (15) form a heat exchange area (16), and at least a portion of the exhaust gas channel (11) is located within the heat exchange area (16).

6. The engine cylinder head assembly (100) according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The exhaust gas passage (11) includes an intake section (111), a heat exchange section (112), and an exhaust section (113) connected in sequence. The end of the intake section (111) away from the heat exchange section (112) is the inlet of the exhaust gas passage (11), and the end of the exhaust section (113) away from the heat exchange section (112) is the outlet of the exhaust gas passage (11). The heat exchange section (112) is adjacent to the exhaust gas cooling section (12).

7. The engine cylinder head assembly (100) according to claim 6, characterized in that, The flow direction of the exhaust gas in the heat exchange section (112) is opposite to the flow direction of the cooling medium in the exhaust gas cooling section (12).

8. The engine cylinder head assembly (100) according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The engine cylinder head assembly (100) also includes a cylinder head body (1), the cylinder head cooling jacket (13) and the exhaust gas passage (11) are both disposed on the cylinder head body (1), and the flow control valve (2) is installed on the cylinder head body (1).

9. The engine cylinder head assembly (100) according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The engine cylinder head assembly (100) also includes an exhaust gas recirculation valve (3), which is connected to the exhaust gas passage (11).

10. An engine (10), characterized in that, The engine includes a cylinder block (200) and an engine cylinder head assembly (100) according to any one of claims 1-9, the cylinder block (200) having an exhaust port (101) and an intake port (102), the inlet of the exhaust gas passage (11) being connected to the exhaust port (101), and the outlet of the exhaust gas passage (11) being connected to the intake port (102).

11. The engine (10) according to claim 10, characterized in that, The engine (10) also includes a turbocharger (121), a first exhaust pipe (103) and a second exhaust pipe (104), the turbocharger (121) including a turbine section (105); The inlet of the first exhaust pipe (103) is connected to the exhaust port (101), the outlet of the first exhaust pipe (103) is connected to the inlet of the turbine section (105), and the inlet of the second exhaust pipe (104) is connected to the outlet of the turbine section (105).

12. The engine (10) according to claim 11, characterized in that, The first exhaust pipe (103) is provided with a first interface (1031), and the second exhaust pipe (104) is provided with a second interface (1041). The first interface (1031) is connected to the inlet of the exhaust gas passage (11) and can selectively connect or disconnect from the inlet of the exhaust gas passage (11). The second interface (1041) is connected to the inlet of the exhaust gas passage (11) and can selectively connect or disconnect from the inlet of the exhaust gas passage (11).

13. The engine (10) according to claim 12, characterized in that, The engine (10) also includes a third exhaust pipe (106), a fourth exhaust pipe (107), a fifth exhaust pipe (108), and a first reversing valve (109); The inlet of the third exhaust pipe (106) is connected to the first interface (1031), the outlet of the third exhaust pipe (106) is connected to port A of the first reversing valve (109), the inlet of the fourth exhaust pipe (107) is connected to the second interface (1041), the outlet of the fourth exhaust pipe (107) is connected to port B of the first reversing valve (109), the port C of the first reversing valve (109) is connected to the inlet of the fifth exhaust pipe (108), and the outlet of the fifth exhaust pipe (108) is connected to the inlet of the exhaust gas passage (11).

14. The engine (10) according to any one of claims 10-13, characterized in that, The engine (10) also includes a turbocharger (121), a first intake manifold (114) and a second intake manifold (115), wherein the turbocharger (121) includes a compressor (110); The inlet of the first intake pipe (114) is used to communicate with the outside atmosphere, the outlet of the first intake pipe (114) is connected to the inlet of the compressor (110), the inlet of the second intake pipe (115) is connected to the outlet of the compressor (110), and the outlet of the second intake pipe (115) is connected to the air inlet (102).

15. The engine (10) according to claim 14, characterized in that, The first intake pipe (114) is provided with a third interface (1141), the second intake pipe (115) is provided with a fourth interface (1151), the outlet of the exhaust gas passage (11) is connected to the third interface (1141) and can be selectively connected or disconnected from the third interface (1141), and the outlet of the exhaust gas passage (11) is also connected to the fourth interface (1151) and can be selectively connected or disconnected from the fourth interface (1151).

16. The engine (10) according to claim 15, characterized in that, The engine (10) also includes a third intake pipe (116), a fourth intake pipe (117), a fifth intake pipe (118), and a second reversing valve (119); The outlet of the exhaust gas passage (11) is connected to the inlet of the third intake pipe (116), the outlet of the third intake pipe (116) is connected to port A of the second reversing valve (119), port B of the second reversing valve (119) is connected to the inlet of the fourth intake pipe (117), the outlet of the fourth intake pipe (117) is connected to the fourth interface (1151), port C of the second reversing valve (119) is connected to the inlet of the fifth intake pipe (118), and the outlet of the fifth intake pipe (118) is connected to the third interface (1141).

17. The engine (10) according to any one of claims 14-16, characterized in that, The engine (10) also includes an intercooler (120), the inlet of which is connected to the outlet of the compressor (110), and the outlet of which is connected to the inlet of the second intake pipe (115).

18. The engine (10) according to any one of claims 10-17, characterized in that, The engine (10) further includes a turbocharger (121), which includes a turbine section (105) and a compressor (110), and the engine (10) has a first mode, a second mode, a third mode and a fourth mode; In the first mode, the exhaust port (101) bypasses the turbine section (105) and is connected to the inlet of the exhaust gas passage (11), and the outlet of the exhaust gas passage (11) is connected to the air inlet (102) through the compressor (110); In the second mode, the exhaust port (101) bypasses the turbine section (105) and is connected to the inlet of the exhaust gas passage (11), and the outlet of the exhaust gas passage (11) bypasses the compressor (110) and is connected to the air inlet (102). In the third mode, the exhaust port (101) is connected to the inlet of the exhaust gas passage (11) through the turbine unit (105), and the outlet of the exhaust gas passage (11) is connected to the air inlet (102) through the compressor (110). In the fourth mode, the exhaust port (101) is connected to the inlet of the exhaust gas passage (11) via the turbine section (105), and the outlet of the exhaust gas passage (11) bypasses the compressor (110) and is connected to the air inlet (102).

19. A powertrain (300), characterized in that, The engine (10) includes any one of claims 10-18.

20. A vehicle (400), characterized in that, Includes the engine (10) according to any one of claims 10-18 or the powertrain (300) according to claim 19.

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