Thermal suppression module, battery pack and electronic device

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a thermal suppression module, a battery pack and an electronic device. The thermal suppression module comprises a composite layer. The composite layer comprises heat insulation layers, heat conduction layers and a heat dissipation layer, wherein the heat conduction layers are arranged on two sides of the heat dissipation layer, and the heat insulation layers are arranged on the sides of the heat conduction layers away from the heat dissipation layer. The thermal suppression module provided by the present disclosure can solve the problem in the prior art that a thermal suppression module is still thick and cannot take into account both the energy density and the effect of suppressing thermal spreading.

Description

A heat suppression module, a battery pack, and an electronic device

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202422140230.X, filed on August 30, 2024, entitled "A Heat Suppression Module, Battery Pack and Electronic Device", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This disclosure belongs to the field of electrochemical energy storage technology, specifically relating to a heat suppression module, a battery pack, and an electronic device. Background Technology

[0003] Lithium-ion batteries dominate the market due to their high energy density and long cycle life. However, with the rapid development of electrochemical energy storage systems, their inherent problems are also becoming increasingly apparent.

[0004] Thermal runaway can be triggered by heating, overcharging, over-discharging, or mechanical impact. Because the cells contain a lot of energy, thermal runaway can cause serious problems such as combustion and explosion, endangering life and property. In a battery pack, without proper safety measures, the temperature of a thermally runaway battery can be so high that the heat it generates is enough to trigger a chain reaction of thermal runaway in adjacent batteries through thermal abuse.

[0005] In existing technologies, thermal insulation cotton materials are often used to suppress the spread of thermal runaway in battery packs. Currently, commonly used glass fiber aerogel thermal insulation cotton cannot effectively suppress the spread of thermal runaway in the module with limited thickness. Even with ceramic fiber aerogel or pre-oxidized fiber aerogel materials with better thermal insulation performance, a very thick thermal insulation cotton is required to reduce the surface temperature of the thermal runaway battery to below the battery's safe temperature. This will reduce the battery space and lead to a decrease in the system's energy density.

[0006] Therefore, it is essential to continue developing suppression modules that can prevent thermal runaway cells from causing thermal propagation.

[0007] Utility Model Content

[0008] This disclosure provides a heat suppression module, a battery pack, and an electronic device to solve the problem that the thickness of heat suppression modules in the prior art is still relatively thick, making it impossible to balance energy density and heat spread suppression.

[0009] This disclosure provides a heat suppression module, including a composite layer; the composite layer includes a heat insulation layer, a heat conductive layer, and a heat dissipation layer.

[0010] The heat-conducting layer is disposed on both sides of the heat dissipation layer, and the heat insulation layer is disposed on both sides of the heat-conducting layer away from the heat dissipation layer.

[0011] As described above, in the heat suppression module, the heat insulation layer includes a heat insulation material, the heat conduction layer includes a heat conduction material, and the ratio of the thermal conductivity of the heat conduction material to that of the heat insulation material is not less than 10.

[0012] As described above, in the heat suppression module, the thermal conductivity of the thermally conductive material is not less than 7 W / m. 2 K.

[0013] In the suppression module described above, the thickness ratio of the heat insulation layer, the heat conduction layer, and the heat dissipation layer is (200~0.15):(200~0.1):(0.05~0.005).

[0014] In the heat suppression module described above, the thickness of the composite layer is 0.5–4.1 mm;

[0015] The thickness of the insulation layer is 0.3–2.0 mm;

[0016] The thickness of the heat dissipation layer is 0.2–2.0 mm;

[0017] The thickness of the thermally conductive layer is 0.01 to 0.1 mm.

[0018] As described above, the heat-suppressing module includes at least one of aerogel insulation cotton, mica sheets, vacuum insulation panels, asbestos, glass wool, expanded pearl cotton, slag wool, and foamed ceramics.

[0019] The thermally conductive material includes at least one of aluminum foil, copper foil, expanded graphite, carbon black, graphite, graphene, synthetic diamond, copper oxide, and sodium chloride.

[0020] The heat dissipation layer is made of a material that absorbs heat and undergoes physical or chemical changes.

[0021] As described above, the heat-suppressing module further includes a light-shielding agent with a mass percentage of 0-10%, wherein the light-shielding agent has an infrared emissivity of 45%-100% for wavelengths of 3-8 μm.

[0022] The heat dissipation layer also includes an adhesive with a mass percentage of 0-8%;

[0023] The heat dissipation layer also includes a support material, the support material having a mass percentage of 5% to 40% in the heat insulation layer, and the length-to-diameter ratio of the support material being (5 to 5000):1.

[0024] The heat-suppressing module described above, wherein the light-shielding agent comprises at least one of carbon black, SiC, potassium hexatite whiskers, TiO2, ZrO2, Al2O3, and fly ash; and / or,

[0025] The binder comprises at least one of the following: sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, alginate, β-cyclodextrin, guar gum, gum arabic, chitosan, starch, xanthan gum, carrageenan, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene glycol, polyacrylic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), polyacrylamide-dimethylammonium chloride, styrene-butadiene rubber, polyimide, polyetherimide, polyacrylonitrile, epoxy resin, biphenyl dianhydride, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polybutylene acrylate, polyamide, polymethyl methacrylate, and polyurethane.

[0026] The supporting material includes at least one of fiber materials and foam materials.

[0027] In the heat suppression module described above, the material of the heat dissipation layer includes at least one of phase change materials and chemical heat storage materials.

[0028] The heat suppression module described above, wherein the phase change material includes glycolic acid, p-bromophenol, azobenzene, acrylic acid, 2,4-dinitrotoluene, phenylacetic acid, allyl thiourea, D-3 camphor balls, benzylamine, tetramethylbenzene, acetamide, methyl p-bromobenzoate, 1-naphthol, glutaric acid, dichloro-p-xylene, methyl fumarate, catechol, quinone, acetanilide, erythritol, succinic anhydride, benzoic acid, stilbene compounds, benzamide, phenacetin, p-aminetoluene, benzaldehyde phenylhydrazone, salicylic acid, benzoyl aniline, D-mannitol sugar, hydroquinone, p-aminobenzoic acid, LiClO3·3H2O, NH4Cl·Na2SO4·10H2O, K2HPO4·6H2O, NaCl·Na2SO4·10H2O O, KF·4H2O, K2HPO4·4H2O, FeBr3·6H2O, Mn(NO3)2·6H2O, LiBO2·8H2O, CaCl2·6H2O, CaCl2·12H2O, LiNO3·3H2O, LiNO3·2H2O, Na2SO4·10H2O, Na2CO3·1 0H2O, KFe(SO4)2·12H2O, CaBr2·6H2O, LiBr·2H2O, Na2HPO4·12H2O, Zn(NO3)2·6H2O, Mn(NO3)2·4H2O, FeCl3·6H2O, CaCl2·4H2O, CuSO4·7H2O, KF·2H2O, MgI2·8H2O, CaI2·6H2O, Ca(NO3)2·4H2O, Zn(NO3)2·4H2O, K3PO4·7H2O, K2HPO4·7H2O, Fe(NO3)3·9H2O, Mg(NO3)2·4H2O, Na2SiO3·5H2O, Na2SiO3·4H2O , Na2HPO4·7H2O, Na2S2O3·5H2O, K2HPO4·3H2O, MgSO4·7H2O, Ca(NO3)2·3H2O, Na(NO3)2·6H2O, Zn(NO3)2·2H2O, FeCl3·2H2O, Co(NO3)2·6H2O, Ni(NO3) 2·6H2O, MnCl2·4H2O, CH3COONa·3H2O, LiC2H3O2·2H2O, MgCl2·4H2O, NaOH·H2O, Cd(NO3)2·4H2O, Cd(NO3)2·H2O, Fe(NO3)2·6H2O, NaAl(SO4)2·12H2O, NaAl(SO4)2·10H2O, FeSO4·7H2O, Na3PO4·12H2O, LiCH3COO·2H2O, Na2P2O7·10H2O, Al(NO3)2·9H2O, Ba(OH)2·8H2O, Al2(SO4)3·18H2O, Sr(OH)2·8H2O,At least one of the following: Mg(NO3)2·6H2O, KAl(SO4)2·12H2O, (NH4)Al(SO4)·6H2O, LiCl·H2O, MgCl2·6H2O, LiNO3 / KCl, LiNO3 / NaNO3, KNO3 / NaNO3, LiNO3 / NaCl, NaNO3 / KNO3, LiNO / diatomaceous earth, NaNO3 / CuO, NaNO3 / EP, KNO3 / diatomaceous earth, Li2CO3 / Na2CO3 / K2CO3, NaCl / CaCl2 / MgCl2, MgCl2 / NaCl, MgCl2 / KCl, Li2CO3 / K2CO3, LiCO3 / K2CO3, Na2CO3 / Li2CO3, Li2CO3 / K2CO3, NaCl / Na2CO3, Na2CO3 / NaCl, Na2SO4 / diatomaceous earth, Na2SO4 / SiC ceramic foam; and / or,

[0029] The chemical heat storage material includes at least one of Ni(OH)2, Mg(OH)2, MgH2, Co3O4, PbCO3, NH4HSO4, Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, CaCO3, BaO2, Ba(OH)2, Al(OH)3, and NaHCO3.

[0030] In the heat suppression module described above, the heat dissipation layer is made of inorganic material.

[0031] In the heat suppression module described above, the heat dissipation layer is made of Mg(OH)2 and NaHCO3, with a mass ratio of Mg(OH)2 to NaHCO3 of 0.15 to 0.7.

[0032] The heat suppression module as described above further includes a packaging layer surrounding the outside of the composite layer; the packaging layer includes at least one of aluminum-plastic film, nylon film, polyimide film, polypropylene film, polyethylene film, polyvinyl chloride film, and polyethylene terephthalate; the thickness of the packaging layer is 0.01 to 0.5 mm.

[0033] In another aspect, this disclosure provides a battery pack comprising N heat suppression modules as described above and M battery cells, where N ≥ 1 and M ≥ 2; the heat suppression modules are disposed between two adjacent battery cells.

[0034] In another aspect, this disclosure provides an electronic device including the battery pack described above.

[0035] This disclosure provides a heat suppression module, including a composite layer. The composite layer includes a heat insulation layer, a heat conduction layer, and a heat dissipation layer. The heat insulation layer disposed on both sides of the heat conduction layer prevents heat transfer, the heat conduction layer disposed on both sides of the heat dissipation layer distributes heat evenly, and the heat dissipation layer absorbs and processes the large amount of heat that has been transferred, converting the thermal energy into other forms of energy. The heat suppression module provided by this disclosure can achieve the effect of suppressing heat spread with a limited thickness and while taking into account energy density. Attached Figure Description

[0036] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a heat suppression module in one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0037] Figure 2 shows the battery pack structure in an experimental example of this disclosure.

[0038] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0039] 1: Insulation layer;

[0040] 2: Thermal conductive layer;

[0041] 3: Heat dissipation layer;

[0042] 4: Packaging layer;

[0043] 01: First battery cell;

[0044] 02: Second battery cell;

[0045] 03: The third battery cell;

[0046] 04: The fourth battery cell;

[0047] 05: The fifth battery cell;

[0048] 100: Thermal suppression module. Detailed Implementation

[0049] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this disclosure clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this disclosure will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of this disclosure. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this disclosure, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0050] On the one hand, this disclosure provides a heat suppression module. Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a heat suppression module in an embodiment of this disclosure. As shown in Figure 1, it includes a composite layer. The composite layer includes a heat insulation layer 1, a heat conduction layer 2, and a heat dissipation layer 3.

[0051] The heat-conducting layer 2 is disposed on both sides of the heat dissipation layer 3, and the heat insulation layer 1 is disposed on both sides of the heat-conducting layer 2 away from the heat dissipation layer 3.

[0052] Because battery cells can be triggered by heating, overcharging, over-discharging, or mechanical impacts, and because battery cells contain high levels of energy, severe thermal runaway can lead to combustion, explosion, and other phenomena, endangering personal safety and property. Without adequate safety measures within the battery pack, the high temperature of a thermally runaway battery can generate enough heat to trigger a chain reaction of thermal runaway in adjacent batteries. Therefore, it is necessary to install modules between battery cells to suppress heat propagation, delaying the transfer of heat from a thermally runaway cell to other batteries, thereby improving battery safety and reducing losses.

[0053] This disclosure provides a heat suppression module, including a composite layer comprising a heat insulation layer 1, a heat-conducting layer 2, and a heat dissipation layer 3. Firstly, the heat insulation layer 1, which is in close contact with the thermal runaway battery, uses a heat insulation material with good heat insulation performance. This material can delay the time it takes for the heat generated by the thermal runaway battery to transfer to adjacent batteries. During this time, the heat generated by the thermal runaway battery is dissipated into the environment through thermal radiation and contact heat transfer, and high-temperature gas is discharged from the explosion-proof valve of the thermal runaway battery to cool the battery. The heat insulation material with good heat insulation performance also suppresses lateral heat transfer, delaying the occurrence of heat spread. The thermal layer 2 includes a thermally conductive material, which is used to evenly distribute the heat transferred from the insulation layer 1 and then evenly transfer it to the entire heat dissipation layer 3. The heat dissipation layer 3 includes a heat storage material, which is used to absorb and process the large amount of heat that has been transferred, and convert the thermal energy into other forms of energy for dissipation. The insulation layer 1 on the other side of the heat dissipation layer 3 is used to prevent the heat from spreading further to the adjacent cells and to increase the accumulation time of heat on the heat dissipation layer 3, so that it has enough time to absorb heat and react to convert it into other forms of energy for dissipation, thereby weakening the heat transferred laterally by the thermal runaway battery and achieving the effect of suppressing heat spread.

[0054] Furthermore, in one specific embodiment of this disclosure, the heat insulation layer includes a heat insulation material, the heat conduction layer includes a heat conduction material, and the ratio of the thermal conductivity of the heat conduction material to that of the heat insulation material is not less than 10.

[0055] By limiting the ratio of thermal conductivity of the thermally conductive material to that of the thermally insulating material to be no less than 10, the heat passing through the thermal insulation layer 1 can be uniformly transferred to the entire heat dissipation layer 3 through the thermally conductive material. This maximizes the absorption and conversion of the heat passing through the thermal insulation layer 1 into other forms of heat for dissipation, further weakening the heat transferred laterally by the thermal runaway battery and achieving the effect of suppressing heat propagation.

[0056] Furthermore, the ratio of the thermal conductivity of the thermally conductive material to that of the thermally insulating material is not less than 150; this further enhances the ability of the thermally conductive layer 2 to distribute heat evenly, allowing heat to be transferred more evenly to the heat dissipation layer 3, increasing the heat absorption capacity of the heat dissipation layer 3, and further improving the ability of the heat suppression module to suppress heat spread.

[0057] Furthermore, the thermal conductivity of the thermally conductive material is not less than 7 W / m. 2 K.

[0058] The inventors discovered that when the thermal conductivity of the thermally conductive material is not less than 7 W / m 2 At K, the ability of the heat-conducting layer 2 to distribute heat evenly can be further improved, so that heat can be transferred to the heat dissipation layer 3 more evenly, increasing the heat absorption capacity of the heat dissipation layer 3, and further improving the ability of the heat suppression module to suppress heat spread.

[0059] The thermal conductivity of thermally conductive materials can be further refined to 35–1950 W / m. 2 K.

[0060] Furthermore, in a specific embodiment of this disclosure, the thickness ratio of the heat insulation layer 1, the heat conduction layer 2, and the heat dissipation layer 3 is (200~0.15):(200~0.1):(0.05~0.005).

[0061] By limiting the thickness ratio of the heat insulation layer 1, the heat conduction layer 2, and the heat dissipation layer 3, the volume utilization rate of the composite layer can be further improved, the thickness of the composite layer can be reduced, and the energy density of the battery pack can be increased at the same time. Furthermore, the synergistic effect between the heat insulation layer 1, the heat conduction layer 2, and the heat dissipation layer 3 can be further enhanced, thereby improving the effect of suppressing thermal spread of the composite layer.

[0062] Furthermore, in one specific embodiment of this disclosure, the thickness of the composite layer is 0.5–4.1 mm; the thickness of the heat insulation layer is 0.3–2.0 mm; the thickness of the heat dissipation layer is 0.2–2.0 mm; and the thickness of the heat conduction layer is 0.01–0.1 mm.

[0063] Specifically, the thickness of the composite layer includes, but is not limited to, 0.5mm, 1.0mm, 1.5mm, 2.0mm, 2.5mm, 3.0mm, 3.5mm, 4.0mm, 4.1mm, or any combination thereof; the thickness of the heat insulation layer 1 includes, but is not limited to, 0.3mm, 0.5mm, 0.6mm, 0.8mm, 1.0mm, 1.2mm, 1.4mm, 1.6mm, 1.8mm, 2.0mm, or any combination thereof; the thickness of the heat dissipation layer 3 is... The thickness of the heat-conducting layer 2 includes, but is not limited to, 0.2mm, 0.4mm, 0.6mm, 0.8mm, 1.0mm, 1.2mm, 1.4mm, 1.6mm, 1.8mm, 2.0mm, or any combination thereof; the thickness of the heat-conducting layer 2 includes, but is not limited to, 0.01mm, 0.02mm, 0.03mm, 0.04mm, 0.05mm, 0.06mm, 0.07mm, 0.08mm, 0.09mm, 0.10mm, or any combination thereof.

[0064] The inventors discovered that when the composite layer and each layer therein are within the above-mentioned limits, the heat passing through the heat insulation layer 1 can be further uniformly directed to the heat dissipation layer 3, thereby improving the effective utilization rate of the heat dissipation layer 3; the volume utilization rate of the composite layer can be further improved, the thickness of the composite layer can be reduced, and the energy density of the battery pack can be increased; at the same time, the synergistic effect between the heat insulation layer 1, the heat conduction layer 2 and the heat dissipation layer 3 can be further enhanced, thereby further improving the effect of suppressing thermal spread of the composite layer.

[0065] The thickness of the composite layer can be further limited to 0.8–4.0 mm; the thickness of the heat insulation layer 1 can be further limited to 0.4–1.4 mm; the thickness of the heat dissipation layer 3 can be further limited to 0.2–1.2 mm; and the thickness of the heat conduction layer 2 can be further limited to 0.01–0.05 mm.

[0066] Optionally, the thermal insulation material includes at least one of aerogel thermal insulation cotton, mica sheets, vacuum insulation panels, asbestos, glass wool, expanded pearl cotton, slag wool, and foamed ceramics;

[0067] Thermally conductive materials include at least one of the following metal compounds: aluminum foil, copper foil, expanded graphite, carbon black, graphite, graphene, synthetic diamond, copper oxide, and sodium chloride.

[0068] The material of heat dissipation layer 3 is a material that absorbs heat and undergoes physical or chemical changes.

[0069] By specifically defining the choice of materials for each layer, the effect of suppressing thermal spread in the composite layer can be further improved.

[0070] Optionally, the aerogel insulation material includes at least one of glass fiber aerogel insulation, ceramic fiber aerogel insulation, pre-oxidized fiber aerogel insulation, and nanocomposite board insulation. Through its porous microstructure, aerogel has a low thermal conductivity, which effectively reduces heat conduction. At the same time, aerogel has a high specific surface area and can reflect infrared radiation to a certain extent, thus achieving good thermal insulation performance.

[0071] In some embodiments, the aerogel material includes, but is not limited to, one or more of the following: inorganic aerogel, organic aerogel, carbon aerogel, natural gas aerogel, and carbide aerogel. The felt pad includes, but is not limited to, one or more of the following: glass fiber felt, ceramic fiber felt, pre-oxidized fiber felt, alumina fiber felt, zirconia fiber felt, high silica fiber felt, aramid fiber felt, mullite fiber felt, basalt fiber felt, carbon fiber felt, spandex fiber felt, polyester fiber felt, nylon fiber felt, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fiber felt, nonwoven fabric, fiber paper, foam, etc., or one or more of the following: foam materials with open-cell structure. Optionally, the inorganic aerogel includes, but is not limited to, monooxide aerogels, metal-oxide aerogels, or binary oxide aerogels. Specifically, the monooxide aerogel includes, but is not limited to, SiO2 aerogel, Al2O3 aerogel, TiO2 aerogel, Fe2O3 aerogel, MgO aerogel, Cr2O3 aerogel, MoO2 aerogel, ZrO2 aerogel, Nb2O5 aerogel, SnO2 aerogel, or B2O3 aerogel. The metal oxide aerogel can be Cu / Al2O3 aerogel, Pd / Al2O3 aerogel, or Ni / Al2O3 aerogel. The aerogels include, but are not limited to, Al2O3 / SiO2 aerogel, P2O5 / SiO2 aerogel, B2O3 / SiO2 aerogel, Nb2O5 / SiO2 aerogel, Er2O3 / SiO2 aerogel, CuO / Al2O3 aerogel, and NiO / Al2O3 aerogel. The ternary oxide aerogels include, but are not limited to, CuO / ZnO / Al2O3 aerogel, B2O3 / P2O5 / SiO2 aerogel, MgO / Al2O3 / SiO2 aerogel, or B2O3 / P2O5 / SiO2 aerogel. Optionally, the organic aerogel can be resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) organic aerogel, melamine-formaldehyde (MF) aerogel, or phenolic resin-furfural (PF) aerogel. Optionally, the carbon aerogel can be carbonized RF (resorcinol and formaldehyde) aerogel (CRF aerogel), carbon nanotube aerogel, or graphene aerogel. Optionally, the carbide aerogel can be a SiC aerogel. Optionally, the natural gas aerogel can be an all-natural wood aerogel.

[0072] In one specific embodiment, the heat insulation layer 1 further includes a light-blocking agent with a mass percentage of 0-10%, and the light-blocking agent has an infrared emissivity of 45%-100% for wavelengths of 3-8 μm.

[0073] Since heat transfer mainly occurs through infrared radiation at high temperatures, i.e., above 400°C, to enhance the blocking effect of the insulation layer 1 against high-temperature infrared radiation, a light-blocking agent can be added to commonly used insulation materials. The light-blocking agent has an emissivity of 45% to 100% for infrared light with wavelengths of 3 to 8 μm, which can further enhance the heat transfer blocking effect of the insulation layer 1.

[0074] The heat dissipation layer 3 also includes an adhesive with a mass percentage of 0 to 8%; the heat dissipation layer 3 also includes a support material, the support material having a mass percentage of 5% to 40% in the heat insulation layer 1, and the length-to-diameter ratio of the support material being (5 to 5000):1.

[0075] Since the heat storage material in the heat dissipation layer 3 is mostly powder or brittle material, a supporting material can be added, and a heat dissipation layer 3 of a certain thickness can be obtained by mixing and pressing with a binder. By limiting the content and size of the supporting material and binder, the heat absorption effect of the heat dissipation layer 3 can be further improved, and the heat suppression module can be improved in suppressing heat spread.

[0076] In one specific embodiment, the light-blocking agent includes at least one of carbon black, SiC, potassium hexatitanate whiskers, TiO2, ZrO2, Al2O3, and coal ash;

[0077] The binder includes at least one of the following: sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, alginate, β-cyclodextrin, guar gum, gum arabic, chitosan, starch, xanthan gum, carrageenan, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene glycol, polyacrylic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), polyacrylamide-dimethylammonium chloride, styrene-butadiene rubber, polyimide, polyetherimide, polyacrylonitrile, epoxy resin, biphenyl dianhydride, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polybutylene acrylate, polyamide, polymethyl methacrylate, and polyurethane.

[0078] The supporting material includes at least one of fiber materials and foam materials.

[0079] By further limiting the selection of light-blocking agents, adhesives, and support materials, the ability of the heat suppression module to suppress heat spread is further improved.

[0080] In another specific embodiment, the material of the heat dissipation layer includes at least one of phase change materials and chemical heat storage materials.

[0081] By using phase change materials or chemical heat storage materials, thermal energy can be further converted into other forms of energy for dissipation, thereby further improving the ability of the heat suppression module to suppress heat spread.

[0082] The organic phase change materials include at least one of the following: glycolic acid, p-bromophenol, azobenzene, acrylic acid, 2,4-dinitrotoluene, phenylacetic acid, allyl thiourea, D-3 camphor balls, benzylamine, tetramethylbenzene, acetamide, methyl p-bromobenzoate, 1-naphthol, glutaric acid, dichloro-p-xylene, methyl fumarate, catechol, quinone, acetanilide, erythritol, succinic anhydride, benzoic acid, stilbene compounds, benzamide, phenacetin, p-aminetoluene, benzaldehyde phenylhydrazone, salicylic acid, benzoyl aniline, D-mannitol sugar, hydroquinone, and p-aminobenzoic acid.

[0083] The water and salt phase change materials include at least one of LiClO3·3H2O, NH4Cl·Na2SO4·10H2O, K2HPO4·6H2O, NaCl·Na2SO4·10H2O, KF·4H2O, K2HPO4·4H2O, FeBr3·6H2O, Mn(NO3)2·6H2O, LiBO2·8H2O, CaCl2·6H2O, CaCl2·12H2O, LiNO3·3H2O, LiNO3·2H2O, Na2SO4·10H2O, Na2CO3·10H2O, KFe(SO4)2·12H2O, CaBr2·6H2O, LiBr·2H2O, Na2HPO4·12H2O, Zn(NO3)2·6H2O, Mn(NO3)2·4H2O, FeCl3·6H2O, CaCl2·4H2O, CuSO4·7H2O, KF·2H2O, MgI2·8H2O, CaI2·6H2O, Ca(NO3)2·4H2O, Zn(NO3)2·4H2O, K3PO4·7H2O, K2HPO4·7H2O, Fe(NO3)3·9H2O, Mg(NO3)2·4H2O, Na2SiO3·5H2O, Na2SiO3·4H2O, Na2HPO4·7H2O, Na2S2O3·5H2O, K2HPO4·3H2O, MgSO4·7H2O, Ca(NO3)2·3H2O, Na(NO3)2·6H2O, Zn(NO3)2·2H2O, FeCl3·2H2O, Co(NO3)2·6H2O, Ni(NO3)2·6H2O, MnCl2·4H2O, CH3COONa·3H2O, LiC2H3O2·2H2O, MgCl2·4H2O, NaOH·H2O, Cd(NO3)2·4H2O, Cd(NO3)2·H2O, Fe(NO3)2·6H2O, NaAl(SO4)2·12H2O, NaAl(SO4)2·!0H2O, FeSO4·7H2O, Na3PO4·12H2O, LiCH3COO·2H2O, Na2P2O7·10H2O, Al(NO3)2·9H2O, Ba(OH)2·8H2O, Al2(SO4)3·18H2O, Sr(OH)2·8H2O, Mg(NO3)2·6H2O, KAl(SO4)2·12H2O, (NH4)Al(SO4)·6H2O, LiCl·H2O, MgCl2·6H2O;

[0084] Molten salt phase change materials include at least one of the following: LiNO3 / KCl, LiNO3 / NaNO3, KNO3 / NaNO3, LiNO3 / NaCl, NaNO3 / KNO3, LiNO / diatomaceous earth, NaNO3 / CuO, NaNO3 / EP, KNO3 / diatomaceous earth, Li2CO3 / Na2CO3 / K2CO3, NaCl / CaCl2 / MgCl2, MgCl2 / NaCl, MgCl2 / KCl, Li2CO3 / K2CO3, LiCO3 / K2CO3, Na2CO3 / Li2CO3, Li2CO3 / K2CO3, NaCl / Na2CO3, Na2CO3 / NaCl, Na2SO4 / diatomaceous earth, and Na2SO4 / SiC ceramic foam.

[0085] Chemical heat storage materials include at least one of Ni(OH)2, Mg(OH)2, MgH2, Co3O4, PbCO3, NH4HSO4, Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, CaCO3, BaO2, Ba(OH)2, Al(OH)3, and NaHCO3.

[0086] Furthermore, in one specific embodiment of this disclosure, the material of the heat dissipation layer is an inorganic material.

[0087] When the heat storage material is inorganic, it can not only convert heat to reduce the overall heat, but also further reduce the flammability risk of the heat dissipation layer 3 under high temperature conditions. In addition, some materials will decompose at high temperature to produce gases such as water and carbon dioxide, which can effectively dilute the concentration of combustion-supporting gases or flammable gases around the thermal runaway battery, further reducing the safety problems of the thermal runaway battery.

[0088] In one specific embodiment, the heat dissipation layer is made of MgH2 and Mg(OH)2, and the mass ratio of Mg(OH)2 to NaHCO3 is 0.3 to 0.6.

[0089] The inventors discovered that when the heat storage material is in the above-defined combination ratio, the effective utilization rate of the heat dissipation layer 3 can be further improved, the safety problems of thermal runaway batteries can be further reduced, and the effect of the heat suppression module in suppressing heat propagation can be improved.

[0090] Furthermore, the suppression module also includes a packaging layer 4, which surrounds the outside of the composite layer; the packaging layer 4 includes at least one of aluminum-plastic film, nylon film, polyimide film, polypropylene film, polyethylene film, polyvinyl chloride film, and polyethylene terephthalate (PET); the thickness of the packaging layer 4 is 0.01 to 0.1 mm.

[0091] The packaging layer 4 ensures that the composite layer will not be deliquesced by water vapor in the air, further improving the heat suppression effect of the heat suppression module.

[0092] In a second aspect, this disclosure provides a battery pack comprising N heat suppression modules as described in the first aspect and M battery cells, where N≥1 and M≥2; a heat suppression module is disposed between two adjacent battery cells.

[0093] This disclosure provides a battery pack including N composite layers and M cells, wherein the M cells are connected in series and / or in parallel; by setting a thermal suppression module between every two adjacent cells, thermal runaway of a single cell can be effectively delayed, and due to the structure of the thermal suppression module and the ratio of the thermal conductivity of the thermally conductive material to the thermally insulating material being not less than 10, the effect of suppressing thermal runaway can be achieved with limited thickness and while taking into account energy density.

[0094] Thirdly, this disclosure provides an electronic device including the battery pack of the second aspect.

[0095] This disclosure provides an electronic device including the aforementioned battery pack, which reduces the safety hazards of the electronic device.

[0096] This disclosure does not limit the specific types of electronic devices, and may include any device that requires battery components to power it, such as electric vehicles, mobile phones, smart home devices, robots, drones, e-cigarettes, and speakers.

[0097] The following is a detailed description of a heat suppression module provided in this disclosure through specific embodiments.

[0098] Example 1

[0099] The heat suppression module in this embodiment includes a composite layer and a packaging layer; the composite layer includes a heat insulation layer, a heat conduction layer, and a heat dissipation layer; wherein, the heat conduction layer is disposed on both sides of the heat dissipation layer, and the heat insulation layer is disposed on both sides of the heat conduction layer away from the heat dissipation layer; the packaging layer surrounds the outside of the composite layer;

[0100] The insulation layer uses 1.0mm glass fiber aerogel insulation cotton (thermal conductivity of 0.023W / m). 2 K), add 5% TiO2 opaque agent;

[0101] The heat dissipation layer uses 0.9mm NaHCO3 powder, without adding binders or reinforcing fibers;

[0102] The thermal conductive layer uses 20μm aluminum foil (thermal conductivity of 200W / m). 2 K);

[0103] The packaging layer uses 30μm aluminum-plastic film.

[0104] Example 2

[0105] The heat suppression module in this embodiment includes a composite layer and a packaging layer; the composite layer includes a heat insulation layer, a heat conduction layer, and a heat dissipation layer; wherein, the heat conduction layer is disposed on both sides of the heat dissipation layer, and the heat insulation layer is disposed on both sides of the heat conduction layer away from the heat dissipation layer; the packaging layer surrounds the outside of the composite layer;

[0106] The insulation layer uses 0.8mm thick soft mica sheets (thermal conductivity 0.63W / m). 2 K);

[0107] The heat dissipation layer uses a mixture of 0.86mm Mg(OH)2 and Al(OH)3 in a mass ratio of 1:3, a sodium carboxymethyl cellulose binder with a mass percentage of 1.5%, and a mullite fiber support material with a mass percentage of 5% (aspect ratio of 7.32 to 15:1).

[0108] The thermally conductive layer is made of a 0.25mm thick block material of expanded graphite and polyvinyl alcohol pressed together at a mass ratio of 95:5 (the thermal conductivity of expanded graphite is 65.6 W / m). 2 K);

[0109] The packaging layer uses a 20μm polynylon film.

[0110] Example 3

[0111] The heat suppression module in this embodiment includes a composite layer and a packaging layer; the composite layer includes a heat insulation layer, a heat conduction layer, and a heat dissipation layer; wherein, the heat conduction layer is disposed on both sides of the heat dissipation layer, and the heat insulation layer is disposed on both sides of the heat conduction layer away from the heat dissipation layer; the packaging layer surrounds the outside of the composite layer;

[0112] The insulation layer uses 1.0mm thick asbestos (thermal conductivity 0.37W / m). 2 K);

[0113] The heat dissipation layer uses 0.8mm LiNO3·3H2O phase change material, mixed with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose binder with a mass percentage of 1%;

[0114] The thermally conductive layer uses 80μm Cu foil material (thermal conductivity of 380W / m). 2 K);

[0115] The packaging layer uses 20μm PET film.

[0116] Example 4

[0117] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the thickness of the insulation cotton used in the insulation layer is 0.6mm.

[0118] Example 5

[0119] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the thickness of the heat dissipation layer is 0.6 mm.

[0120] Example 6

[0121] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the thermal conductive layer uses an aluminum foil with a thickness of 10μm.

[0122] Example 7

[0123] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the thermally conductive layer uses a 20μm Cu foil (thermal conductivity of 380W / m). 2 K).

[0124] Example 8

[0125] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the thickness of the insulation layer is 1.2 mm.

[0126] Comparative Example 1

[0127] The heat suppression module in this comparative example is made of 3mm glass fiber aerogel insulation material.

[0128] Comparative Example 2

[0129] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the heat suppression module includes a composite layer and a packaging layer; the composite layer includes a heat insulation layer and a heat dissipation layer; wherein, the heat insulation layer is disposed on both sides of the heat dissipation layer, and the heat insulation layer uses 1.0mm heat insulation cotton material; the packaging layer uses 50μm PET film to surround the outside of the composite layer.

[0130] Experimental Example 1

[0131] The thermal suppression modules in the above embodiments and comparative examples were tested to simulate the thermal runaway propagation of modules according to the national standard (GB / T36276-2018). As shown in Figure 2, five fully charged cells (cell 01, cell 02, cell 03, cell 04, and cell 05) were placed side by side, and the experimentally prepared thermal suppression module 100 was placed in the middle and at both ends to assemble a battery pack. A 1C constant current overcharge triggered thermal runaway in cell 03 of the battery pack. After cell 03 triggered thermal runaway, charging was stopped, and the battery was observed for 1 hour to see if other cells triggered thermal runaway. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0132] Table 1

[0133] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this disclosure, and are not intended to limit them. Although this disclosure has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A thermal suppression module, wherein, It includes a composite layer; the composite layer includes a heat insulation layer (1), a heat-conducting layer (2), and a heat dissipation layer (3); The heat-conducting layer (2) is disposed on both sides of the heat dissipation layer (3), and the heat insulation layer (1) is disposed on both sides of the heat-conducting layer (2) away from the heat dissipation layer (3).

2. The heat suppression module according to claim 1, wherein, The heat insulation layer (1) includes a heat insulation material, and the heat conduction layer (2) includes a heat conduction material. The ratio of the thermal conductivity of the heat conduction material to that of the heat insulation material is not less than 10.

3. The heat suppression module according to claim 2, wherein, The thermal conductivity of the thermally conductive material is not less than 7 W / m. 2 K.

4. The suppression module according to claim 1, wherein, The thickness ratio of the heat insulation layer (1), the heat conduction layer (2), and the heat dissipation layer (3) is (200~0.15):(200~0.1):(0.05~0.005).

5. The heat suppression module according to claim 4, wherein, The thickness of the composite layer is 0.5–4.1 mm; The thickness of the insulation layer (1) is 0.3 to 2.0 mm; The thickness of the heat dissipation layer (3) is 0.2–2.0 mm; The thickness of the thermally conductive layer (2) is 0.01 to 0.1 mm.

6. The heat suppression module according to any one of claims 2-5, wherein, The thermal insulation material includes at least one of aerogel thermal insulation cotton, mica sheet, vacuum thermal insulation board, asbestos, glass wool, expanded pearl cotton, slag wool, and foamed ceramics; The thermally conductive material includes at least one of aluminum foil, copper foil, expanded graphite, carbon black, graphite, graphene, synthetic diamond, copper oxide, and sodium chloride metal compound. The material of the heat dissipation layer (3) is a material that absorbs heat and undergoes physical or chemical changes.

7. The heat suppression module according to claim 6, wherein, The heat insulation layer (1) also includes a light-shielding agent with a mass percentage of 0-10%, wherein the light-shielding agent has an infrared emissivity of 45%-100% for wavelengths of 3-8μm. The heat dissipation layer (3) also includes an adhesive with a mass percentage of 0-8%; The heat dissipation layer (3) also includes a support material, the support material having a mass percentage of 5% to 40% in the heat insulation layer (1), and the length-to-diameter ratio of the support material being (5 to 5000):

1.

8. The heat suppression module according to claim 7, wherein, The light-blocking agent includes at least one of carbon black, SiC, potassium hexatitanate whiskers, TiO2, ZrO2, Al2O3, and coal ash; and / or, The binder comprises at least one of the following: sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, alginate, β-cyclodextrin, guar gum, gum arabic, chitosan, starch, xanthan gum, carrageenan, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene glycol, polyacrylic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), polyacrylamide-dimethylammonium chloride, styrene-butadiene rubber, polyimide, polyetherimide, polyacrylonitrile, epoxy resin, biphenyl dianhydride, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polybutylene acrylate, polyamide, polymethyl methacrylate, and polyurethane. The supporting material includes at least one of fiber materials and foam materials.

9. The heat suppression module according to claim 6, wherein, The material of the heat dissipation layer (3) includes at least one of phase change materials and chemical heat storage materials.

10. The heat suppression module according to claim 9, wherein, The phase change materials include glycolic acid, p-bromophenol, azobenzene, acrylic acid, 2,4-dinitrotoluene, phenylacetic acid, allyl thiourea, D-3 camphor balls, benzylamine, tetramethylbenzene, acetamide, methyl p-bromobenzoate, 1-naphthol, glutaric acid, dichloro-p-xylene, methyl fumarate, catechol, quinone, acetanilide, erythritol, succinic anhydride, benzoic acid, stilbene compounds, benzamide, phenacetin, p-aminetoluene, benzaldehyde phenylhydrazone, salicylic acid, benzoyl aniline, D-mannitol sugar, hydroquinone, p-aminobenzoic acid, LiClO3·3H2O, NH4Cl·Na2SO4·10H2O, K2HPO4·6H2O, NaCl·Na2SO4·10H2O, KF·4H2O, K2 HPO4·4H2O, FeBr3·6H2O, Mn(NO3)2·6H2O, LiBO2·8H2O, CaCl2·6H2O, CaCl2·12H2O, LiNO3·3H2O, LiNO3·2H2O, Na2SO4·10H2O, Na2CO3·10H2O, KFe(SO4 )2·12H2O, CaBr2·6H2O, LiBr·2H2O, Na2HPO4·12H2O, Zn(NO3)2·6H2O, Mn(NO3)2·4H2O, FeCl3·6H2O, CaCl2·4H2O, CuSO4·7H2O, KF·2H2O, MgI2·8H2O, Ca I2·6H2O, Ca(NO3)2·4H2O, Zn(NO3)2·4H2O, K3PO4·7H2O, K2HPO4·7H2O, Fe(NO3)3·9H2O, Mg(NO3)2·4H2O, Na2SiO3·5H2O, Na2SiO3·4H2O, Na2HPO4·7H2 O, Na2S2O3·5H2O, K2HPO4·3H2O, MgSO4·7H2O, Ca(NO3)2·3H2O, Na(NO3)2·6H2O, Zn(NO3)2·2H2O, FeCl3·2H2O, Co(NO3)2·6H2O, Ni(NO3)2·6H2O, MnCl2· 4H2O, CH3COONa·3H2O, LiC2H3O2·2H2O, MgCl2·4H2O, NaOH·H2O, Cd(NO3)2·4H2O, Cd(NO3)2·H2O, Fe(NO3)2·6H2O, NaAl(SO4)2·12H2O, NaAl(SO4)2·10H 2O, FeSO4·7H2O, Na3PO4·12H2O, LiCH3COO·2H2O, Na2P2O7·10H2O, Al(NO3)2·9H2O, Ba(OH)2·8H2O, Al2(SO4)3·18H2O, Sr(OH)2·8H2O, Mg(NO3)2·6H2O,At least one of the following: KAl(SO4)2·12H2O, (NH4)Al(SO4)·6H2O, LiCl·H2O, MgCl2·6H2O, LiNO3 / KCl, LiNO3 / NaNO3, KNO3 / NaNO3, LiNO3 / NaCl, NaNO3 / KNO3, LiNO / diatomite, NaNO3 / CuO, NaNO3 / EP, KNO3 / diatomite, Li2CO3 / Na2CO3 / K2CO3, NaCl / CaCl2 / MgCl2, MgCl2 / NaCl, MgCl2 / KCl, Li2CO3 / K2CO3, LiCO3 / K2CO3, Na2CO3 / Li2CO3, Li2CO3 / K2CO3, NaCl / Na2CO3, Na2CO3 / NaCl, Na2SO4 / diatomite, Na2SO4 / SiC ceramic foam; and / or, The chemical heat storage material includes at least one of Ni(OH)2, Mg(OH)2, MgH2, Co3O4, PbCO3, NH4HSO4, Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, CaCO3, BaO2, Ba(OH)2, Al(OH)3, and NaHCO3.

11. The heat suppression module according to claim 9, wherein, The heat dissipation layer (3) is made of inorganic material.

12. The heat suppression module according to claim 11, wherein, The heat dissipation layer (3) is made of Mg(OH)2 and NaHCO3, with a mass ratio of Mg(OH)2 to NaHCO3 of 0.15 to 0.

7.

13. The heat suppression module according to any one of claims 1-5, 7, 8, 10-12, wherein, The heat suppression module further includes a packaging layer (4), which surrounds the outside of the composite layer; the packaging layer (4) includes at least one of aluminum-plastic film, nylon film, polyimide film, polypropylene film, polyethylene film, polyvinyl chloride film, and polyethylene terephthalate; the thickness of the packaging layer (4) is 0.01 to 0.5 mm.

14. A battery pack, wherein, It includes N heat suppression modules as described in any one of claims 1-13 and M battery cells, where N≥1 and M≥2; the heat suppression modules are disposed between two adjacent battery cells.

15. An electronic device, wherein, Includes the battery pack as described in claim 14.

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