Photovoltaic-storage-hydrogen integrated system and photovoltaic-storage integrated device

Abstract

A photovoltaic-storage-hydrogen integrated system and a photovoltaic-storage integrated device. A photovoltaic panel is mounted on or beside an atmospheric-pressure hydrogen tank, and the photovoltaic panel and the atmospheric-pressure hydrogen tank form a functionally complementary and integrated photovoltaic-storage device. When the sunlight is sufficient, the photovoltaic panel powers a hydrogen generator to produce hydrogen, and the produced hydrogen is stored in the atmospheric-pressure hydrogen tank; and when there is no sunlight, a hydrogen fuel cell receives the hydrogen to generate power. The present application reduces the levelized cost of energy storage over the entire lifecycle, opens up a new low-cost technical pathway for replacing coal-fired power with photovoltaic power generation, and offers the possibility of replacing biogas with hydrogen.

Description

Photovoltaic-storage-co-hydrogen energy system and photovoltaic-storage-co-hydrogen device

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202411183499.4, filed on August 27, 2024, entitled "Photovoltaic-Storage Co-generation Hydrogen Fuel Cell Energy System and Photovoltaic-Storage Co-generation Device", and Chinese Patent Application No. 202411195420.X, filed on August 29, 2024, entitled "Photovoltaic-Storage-Co-generation Hydrogen Energy System and Photovoltaic-Storage-Co-generation Device", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This application belongs to the field of photovoltaic power generation and energy storage technology, specifically relating to a photovoltaic-energy storage and co-hydrogen energy system and a photovoltaic-energy storage and co-hydrogen energy device. Background Technology

[0003] As a clean energy technology, photovoltaic (PV) power generation has seen a significant decrease in its cost per kilowatt-hour in recent years. Reports indicate that the cost per kilowatt-hour for some PV power plants has dropped to as low as 0.10 yuan over their entire lifecycle. Despite the low cost of PV power generation, the high cost of energy storage remains a major obstacle to its large-scale replacement of traditional thermal power.

[0004] Energy storage technology has evolved over decades, now encompassing various forms including battery storage, pumped hydro storage, compressed air storage, flywheel storage, and hydrogen storage. Each technology has unique characteristics in terms of energy storage, release rate, capacity, and application scenarios. Battery storage boasts high energy conversion efficiency (typically between 85% and 95%), flexible applications, and rapid response, making it suitable for short-term, high-frequency energy storage needs. Currently, the most mature electrochemical energy storage technology is lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries, but its cost remains high, with the latest reported total lifecycle cost of RMB 0.62 / kWh. It also faces uncertainties in the raw material (such as lithium, cobalt, and nickel) supply chain and environmental impacts. Furthermore, battery storage is costly, has a limited lifespan, and the environmental disposal of waste batteries remains unresolved. Pumped hydro storage is a mature technology with high economic efficiency, providing large-scale, long-term energy storage solutions suitable for power system peak shaving and frequency regulation, with the latest reported cost of RMB 0.21 / kWh. However, its initial investment is large, site selection requirements are stringent, and its applicability is limited. However, its energy conversion efficiency is relatively low (between 70% and 85%), and it has high requirements for geographical conditions and requires huge initial investment. Compressed air energy storage has the potential for large-scale, long-term energy storage, but its energy conversion efficiency is relatively low (between 40% and 70%), the system is complex, and it depends on geological conditions. Although advanced technologies have improved efficiency, overall economics still needs to be improved. Flywheel energy storage is characterized by high power density, long lifespan, and fast response, and is suitable for short-term energy storage and high-frequency regulation. However, its low energy density and high manufacturing cost limit its application in large-scale energy storage. Electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen and hydrogen storage can achieve ultra-long-term energy storage, and is particularly suitable for integration with renewable energy. However, its energy conversion efficiency is low (below 50%), hydrogen production costs are high, and hydrogen storage and transportation face challenges. High-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage technology, as the most mature and commonly used hydrogen storage method, has advantages such as low cost, low energy consumption, easy dehydrogenation, and wide operating conditions. However, a deeper analysis of its cost structure and energy consumption characteristics reveals several reasons for its high energy consumption and cost. Hydrogen storage containers: High-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage requires high-pressure-bearing hydrogen storage tanks. Especially with increasing pressure (e.g., from 35MPa to 70MPa), the material and technical requirements for the storage cylinders become more stringent, further increasing equipment investment costs. Furthermore, different types of storage cylinders (such as Type III and Type IV cylinders) differ in cost and performance. While Type IV cylinders offer higher hydrogen storage density and lighter weight, their research and development and production costs are relatively high. Operating costs: Although high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage has relatively low energy consumption, a certain amount of electrical or mechanical energy is still consumed during hydrogen compression. Maintenance costs: Hydrogen storage containers and transportation equipment require regular maintenance and inspection to ensure their safety and stability, which also increases operating costs. Depreciation and depreciation costs: Hydrogen storage containers and transportation equipment gradually wear down and age during use, requiring depreciation expenses to be accrued.This cost accumulates over time, further increasing the overall cost.

[0005] In-depth analysis reveals that the high energy consumption and cost are due to the high pressure requirements. Increasing the hydrogen storage pressure can increase the hydrogen storage density, but it also places higher demands on the materials and technology of the hydrogen storage containers, leading to increased equipment investment costs. As hydrogen is a flammable and explosive gas, its storage process requires strict adherence to safety regulations and regulatory requirements. This also increases the company's investment costs in safety facilities and oversight.

[0006] "A Hydrogen Energy Comprehensive Utilization System Based on Renewable Energy (CN221575183U)" discloses a hydrogen energy comprehensive utilization system based on renewable energy, including a photovoltaic power generation module, a hydrogen production system connected to the photovoltaic power generation module, and an energy storage system connected to the hydrogen production system. When the power generation system produces a large amount of electricity, the hydrogen production system uses the excess electricity to produce hydrogen and stores it in the energy storage system. When the power generation system produces less electricity, it uses the hydrogen in the energy storage system to generate electricity. Using hydrogen energy as a key energy storage carrier, it solves the problem of renewable energy volatility and achieves stable and safe consumption of renewable energy. "A Photovoltaic Power Supply Device for Hydrogen Storage (CN221553213U)" includes a photovoltaic storage box. A support frame is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the photovoltaic storage box. A photovoltaic panel is provided on the upper surface of the support frame. A fixed cylinder is fixedly connected to one side of the support frame. A power mechanism is provided on one side of the fixed cylinder. A heat dissipation cylinder is provided on the outer surface of the power mechanism.

[0007] In summary, while high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage technology has many advantages, its practical application faces challenges such as high energy consumption during compression, large investment in high-pressure hydrogen storage tanks, and high maintenance costs. Due to the intermittent and unpredictable nature of solar energy, photovoltaic power generation requires efficient and low-cost energy storage systems to ensure the continuity and stability of power supply. Therefore, reducing energy storage costs and minimizing investment in energy storage systems has become the only technological way for photovoltaic power generation to replace thermal power in the energy structure. Summary of the Invention

[0008] One of the objectives of this application is to provide a photovoltaic-storage-co-hydrogen energy system to reduce the levelized cost of energy storage over the entire life cycle, thus opening up a new low-cost technological path for photovoltaic power generation to replace thermal power.

[0009] The second objective of this application is to provide a photovoltaic-storage-co-location device to reduce the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) over the entire lifecycle of energy storage.

[0010] This opens up a new low-cost technological path for photovoltaic power generation to replace thermal power and provides a possibility for hydrogen to replace biogas.

[0011] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, this application provides a photovoltaic energy storage and co-hydrogen energy system as follows.

[0012] This application provides a photovoltaic energy storage and co-hydrogen energy system, which includes photovoltaic panels, a hydrogen generator, and a hydrogen tank, characterized in that:

[0013] ① The photovoltaic panels are installed on the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank (below them). The atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank is used to support (fix) the photovoltaic panels (instead of the photovoltaic brackets of the current ground power station). The photovoltaic panels are used to cover the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank (to prevent exposure to the sun and rain). The photovoltaic panels and the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank constitute a complementary and integrated photovoltaic-storage co-construction device.

[0014] Alternatively, the photovoltaic panels can be installed next to the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank, forming a complementary photovoltaic-storage co-location device that shares the same land – a photovoltaic-storage and co-location device.

[0015] ② Adjacent photovoltaic storage and co-location devices (between units) are spaced at a certain safe distance, and numerous photovoltaic storage and co-location devices are clustered (i.e. collectively installed) on the same area of ​​land;

[0016] ③ The atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank is connected to the hydrogen generator via a hydrogen pipeline;

[0017] ④ When there is sufficient sunlight or surplus electricity, the photovoltaic panels supply power to the hydrogen generator unit to produce hydrogen. The produced hydrogen is sent to the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank through the hydrogen pipe and stored at atmospheric pressure.

[0018] Preferably, the photovoltaic energy storage and co-hydrogen energy system is characterized in that: a hydrogen pipeline is connected to a hydrogen fuel cell unit; when there is no sunlight or insufficient sunlight, the fuel cell unit receives hydrogen from an atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank via the hydrogen pipeline to generate electricity, which is supplied to users or connected to the power grid, thereby releasing the stored energy.

[0019] Preferably, the aforementioned photovoltaic storage and co-hydrogen energy system is characterized in that: the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank comprises a rigid outer shell (i.e., an outer cover, outer wall, protective cover, protective wall, etc., protective layer / body) and a flexible inner tube (i.e., an air bladder, air bag, etc., flexible container); hydrogen is stored in the flexible inner tube. The purpose of using a rigid outer shell is to protect the flexible inner tube, prevent fire, and prevent birds, animals, flying sand and stones, humans, livestock, and rodents from accidentally damaging the flexible inner tube, causing hydrogen leakage or damage.

[0020] Preferably, the photovoltaic energy storage and co-hydrogen energy system is characterized in that: a dust-filtering and pressure-relieving vent (commonly known as a ventilation port) is provided on the rigid outer shell to communicate with the outside; during the process of hydrogen being sent into the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank, the flexible inner tube expands to store hydrogen, and the gas (preferably air) between the flexible inner tube and the rigid outer shell is squeezed out through the dust-filtering and pressure-relieving vent to maintain the balance between the internal pressure of the tire and the atmospheric pressure; during the process of hydrogen being sent out of the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank, the flexible inner tube contracts (naturally collapses), and the space between the flexible inner tube and the rigid outer shell draws in gas (preferably air) through the dust-filtering and pressure-relieving vent to maintain the balance between the internal pressure of the tire and the atmospheric pressure.

[0021] Preferably, the photovoltaic energy storage and co-hydrogen energy system is characterized in that the safe operating pressure of the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank is ≤0.28MPa. In other words, this application considers a safe operating pressure less than 0.28MPa that will not cause the flexible inner tube to burst as atmospheric pressure. That is, the atmospheric pressure mentioned in this application includes pressures ≤0.28MPa.

[0022] Preferably, the photovoltaic-storage-hydrogen co-energy system is characterized by the following: the height of the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank is 0.25-4.25 meters, and the length × width of a single atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank is less than or equal to the length × width of a single photovoltaic-storage co-energy unit. Based on the average efficiency of existing photovoltaic panels at 25% and the local peak sunshine hours, each square meter of photovoltaic panel can generate a maximum of 1.5 kWh of electricity per day. According to current water electrolysis hydrogen production technology, 1.5 kWh can produce 0.5 standard cubic meters of hydrogen. In other words, one square meter of photovoltaic panel can only produce half a standard cubic meter of hydrogen in a day. Based on this, it can be deduced that by designing and manufacturing an atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank using the length × width of a single photovoltaic-storage co-energy unit, with a height of 0.25-4.25 meters, it can store 1-10 days' worth of hydrogen.

[0023] Preferably, the aforementioned photovoltaic storage and co-hydrogen energy system is characterized in that the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank is fully or partially buried underground. This allows the hydrogen from the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank to be introduced into the kitchen, enabling users to cook, boil water, and bathe with an open flame, similar to using biogas.

[0024] Preferably, the photovoltaic energy storage and co-hydrogen energy system is characterized by: a hydrogen sensor being installed between the flexible inner tube and the rigid outer shell; or, a hydrogen sensor being installed at the dust release vent to monitor in real time whether the flexible inner tube is leaking air.

[0025] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, this application provides a photoelectric storage and sharing device as follows.

[0026] A photovoltaic-storage-co-location device includes a photovoltaic panel, characterized in that: the photovoltaic panel is mounted on an atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank (below it), the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank is used to support (fix) the photovoltaic panel (instead of the photovoltaic support structure of the current ground power station), the photovoltaic panel is used to cover the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank, and the photovoltaic panel and the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank constitute a photovoltaic-storage-co-location device with complementary functions and integrated into one device.

[0027] Alternatively, the photovoltaic panels can be installed next to the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank, forming a complementary photovoltaic-storage-land-sharing device that shares the same land – a photovoltaic-storage-land-sharing device.

[0028] Preferably, the aforementioned photovoltaic storage and sharing device is characterized in that: the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank includes a rigid outer shell and a flexible inner tube, the flexible inner tube being used to store atmospheric pressure hydrogen; the rigid outer shell has a dust-relief vent (commonly known as a ventilation port) communicating with the outside; during the process of hydrogen being delivered into the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank, the flexible inner tube expands to store hydrogen, and the gas (preferably air) between the flexible inner tube and the rigid outer shell is squeezed out through the dust-relief vent to maintain the pressure balance between the inner tube and atmospheric pressure; during the process of hydrogen being delivered out of the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank, the flexible inner tube contracts, and the space between the flexible inner tube and the rigid outer shell draws in gas (preferably air) through the dust-relief vent to maintain the pressure balance between the inner tube and atmospheric pressure. The dust-relief vent is also used to promptly discharge leaked hydrogen to prevent safety accidents.

[0029] Preferably, the aforementioned photovoltaic storage and sharing device is characterized in that the safe operating pressure of the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank is ≤0.28MPa. In other words, this application considers a safe operating pressure less than 0.28MPa, which will not cause the flexible inner tube to burst, as the atmospheric pressure state.

[0030] Preferably, a hydrogen sensor is installed between the flexible inner tube and the rigid outer shell; or, a hydrogen sensor is installed at the dust release vent to monitor whether the flexible inner tube is leaking air in real time.

[0031] Preferably, the photovoltaic-storage-co-location device is characterized in that: the height of the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank is 0.25-4.25 meters, and the length × width of a single atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank is less than or equal to the length × width of a single photovoltaic-storage-co-location device. Based on the average efficiency of existing photovoltaic panels at 25%, and considering the local peak sunshine hours, each square meter of photovoltaic panel can generate a maximum of 1.5 kWh of electricity per day. Based on current water electrolysis hydrogen production technology, 1.5 kWh can produce 0.5 standard cubic meters of hydrogen. Therefore, designing and manufacturing the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank using the length × width of a single photovoltaic-storage-co-location device, with a height of 0.25-4.25 meters, is sufficient.

[0032] Preferably, the aforementioned light storage and sharing device is characterized in that the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank is fully or partially buried underground. This allows the hydrogen from the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank to be introduced into the kitchen, enabling users to cook with an open flame, similar to using biogas.

[0033] Furthermore, the aforementioned light storage and sharing device is characterized in that: a hydrogen sensor is installed between the flexible inner tube and the rigid outer shell; or, a hydrogen sensor is installed at the dust release vent to monitor in real time whether the flexible inner tube is leaking air.

[0034] It should be noted that the photovoltaic-energy storage co-location device described in this application includes two types: photovoltaic-energy storage integrated devices and photovoltaic-energy storage ground-based devices. "Photovoltaic-energy storage co-location device" is a general term for both types. The term "photovoltaic-energy storage co-location" borrows from the idiom "sharing weal and woe," signifying the close integration and complementary relationship between photovoltaic power generation and energy storage. The photovoltaic-energy storage co-location device is a broader concept than both photovoltaic-energy storage integrated devices and photovoltaic-energy storage ground-based devices.

[0035] Compared with the prior art, this application has the following beneficial technical effects.

[0036] Firstly, the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank also functions as the photovoltaic support structure of the existing ground-mounted power station, while the photovoltaic panels also serve as a canopy to shield against wind and rain and prevent sun exposure. This achieves dual use and complementary functions, saving on support materials, piling and installation costs, and reducing the overall cost of photovoltaic power generation and hydrogen storage.

[0037] Secondly, it involves sharing land resources. The land and space under the existing photovoltaic panels, as well as the vacant land near the photovoltaic panels, are originally idle land and space resources. This application uses them to store atmospheric pressure hydrogen tanks, turning waste into treasure without paying additional land rent or occupying additional land resources.

[0038] Thirdly, there are no safety hazards. Like existing centralized photovoltaic cell arrays, the photovoltaic-storage-co-location system can be installed in remote areas, deserts, and Gobi, far from human habitation. Even in the event of an accidental explosion, it will not endanger people. Moreover, there is a certain safe distance between adjacent photovoltaic-storage-co-location systems. Even if a hydrogen tank at atmospheric pressure leaks hydrogen, the hydrogen will quickly disperse and rise into the air, preventing an explosion.

[0039] Fourth, the cost of energy storage over its entire life cycle is expected to decrease significantly, especially with the continuous development of hydrogen fuel cell technology, its energy storage cost is expected to decrease further.

[0040] Fifth, as a substitute for biogas, rural users can establish distributed photovoltaic-storage-co-location devices, allowing them to obtain photovoltaic power while also introducing hydrogen from atmospheric pressure hydrogen tanks into the kitchen for cooking, just like using biogas.

[0041] Sixth, energy conversion efficiency is significantly improved. High-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage requires 10-15% of electrical energy to be consumed during the hydrogen compression process, while this application is for atmospheric pressure hydrogen storage, which does not require hydrogen compression. Therefore, the energy conversion efficiency can be improved by 10-15%, thereby increasing the energy conversion efficiency of the current water electrolysis hydrogen production technology from 50% to 65%. This efficiency improvement significantly reduces the cost per kilowatt-hour of energy storage throughout its entire life cycle, and its economic value is considerable. Attached Figure Description

[0042] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the external structure of a photoelectric storage and co-location device according to this application (Embodiment 1).

[0043] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of a photovoltaic energy storage and co-hydrogen energy system according to this application (Example 1).

[0044] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the external structure of another photovoltaic storage and sharing device according to this application (Embodiment 2).

[0045] Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of one of the photovoltaic storage and co-location devices in Figure 3.

[0046] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the external structure of the flexible inner tube inside the photovoltaic-storage-co-location device in Figure 3.

[0047] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a semi-buried photovoltaic storage and co-location device.

[0048] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the external structure of an upright cylindrical atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank in this application (Example 3).

[0049] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the external structure of the flexible inner tube inside the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank in Figure 7.

[0050] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the external structure of a vertical cylindrical photovoltaic storage and sharing device in this application (Embodiment 3).

[0051] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the photovoltaic, energy storage and co-location devices in Figure 9 clustered together on the same area of ​​land at a certain safe distance.

[0052] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the external structure of a (cement tank type) photovoltaic storage and co-location device according to this application (Example 4).

[0053] Figure 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a (cement tank type) photovoltaic energy storage and co-generation device shown in Figure 11.

[0054] Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of a current centralized photovoltaic cell module array that lives in groups in the desert and Gobi far from human habitation.

[0055] Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic storage and grounding device with a photovoltaic panel installed next to an atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank according to this application (Example 5).

[0056] Explanation of reference numerals: 1-Photovoltaic panel, 2-Atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank, 201-Rigid outer shell, 202-Flexible inner tube, 3-Hydrogen pipe, 4-Electrolysis water hydrogen generator, 5-Hydrogen fuel cell, 6-Dust filter depressurization vent, 7-Hydrogen, 8-Earth, 9-Concrete foundation, 10-Photovoltaic storage and co-processing device, 11-Hydrogen sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0057] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this application easier to understand, the following describes this application in conjunction with specific implementation methods.

[0058] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "inside", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0059] It should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "group living," "arrangement," etc., should be interpreted broadly. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of these terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0060] Example 1.

[0061] As shown in Figures 1 and 2, a photovoltaic-storage-hydrogen co-energy system includes a photovoltaic panel 1, a water electrolysis hydrogen generator 4 units, and a hydrogen fuel cell 6 units. The photovoltaic panel 1 is mounted on an atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank 2 (below it) to shelter the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank 2 from wind and rain. The atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank 2 is used to support (fix) the photovoltaic panel 1 (replacing the photovoltaic brackets of existing ground-mounted power stations). The photovoltaic panel 1 and the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank 2 constitute a series of complementary and integrated photovoltaic-storage-co-energy devices 10, namely, photovoltaic-storage co-energy devices 10 (units). Numerous photovoltaic-storage co-energy devices 10 (units) are spaced at a certain safe distance (e.g., 1-5 meters) and clustered on the ground 8. The atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank 2 is connected to the water electrolysis hydrogen generator 4 units and the hydrogen fuel cell 5 units via hydrogen pipes 3. In this way, when there is sufficient sunlight or when there is excess photovoltaic power, the photovoltaic panel 3 can supply power to the water electrolysis hydrogen generator 4 to produce hydrogen 7. The produced hydrogen 7 is sent to the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank 2 through the hydrogen pipe 3 and stored in the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank 2 at atmospheric pressure. When there is no sunlight, the hydrogen fuel cell 5 receives hydrogen 7 from the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank 1 through the hydrogen pipe 3 to generate electricity. The generated electricity is supplied to users or connected to the power grid, thereby releasing the stored energy.

[0062] Preferably, the safe operating pressure of the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank 2 is set to below 0.28 MPa. That is, the atmospheric pressure mentioned in this application includes pressures ≤ 0.28 MPa. In other words, this application considers a safe operating pressure less than 0.28 MPa that will not cause the flexible inner tube 202 to burst as atmospheric pressure.

[0063] Preferably, the height of the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank 2 is 0.25-4.25 meters, and the length × width of the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank 2 is less than or equal to the length × width of all photovoltaic panels 1 in the photovoltaic-storage co-processing unit 10 (unit). Research has found that, based on the average efficiency of the existing photovoltaic panels 1 at 25%, and considering the local peak sunshine hours, each square meter of photovoltaic panel 1 can generate a maximum of 1.5 kWh of electricity per day. Based on current water electrolysis hydrogen production technology, 1.5 kWh can produce 0.5 standard cubic meters of hydrogen 7. Therefore, it is reasonable to design and manufacture the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank 2 using the length and width of all photovoltaic panels 1 as the length and width of the photovoltaic-storage co-processing unit 10 (unit), and a height of 0.25-4.25 meters for the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank 2 is sufficient.

[0064] Example 2.

[0065] As shown in Figures 3, 4, and 5, referring to the example above, the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank 2 is composed of two parts: a rigid outer shell 201 (i.e., outer cover, outer wall, protective cover, protective wall, etc.) and a flexible inner tube 202 (i.e., flexible container such as air bag, air bladder, etc.); hydrogen 7 is stored in the flexible inner tube 202. Ideally, a dust release vent 6 (commonly known as a ventilation port) with an air filter installed is provided on the rigid outer shell 201 to communicate with the outside. During the process of hydrogen 7 being sent into the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank 2, the flexible inner tube 202 expands to store hydrogen 7. The gas (preferably air) between the flexible inner tube 202 and the rigid outer shell 201 is squeezed out through the dust release vent 6 to maintain the balance between the tire pressure and atmospheric pressure. During the process of hydrogen 7 being sent out of the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank 2, the flexible inner tube 202 contracts, and the space between the flexible inner tube 202 and the rigid outer shell 201 draws in gas (preferably air) through the dust release vent 6 to maintain the balance between the tire pressure and atmospheric pressure.

[0066] Preferably, a hydrogen sensor 11 is installed between the flexible inner tube 202 and the rigid outer shell 201, or a hydrogen sensor 11 is installed at the dust release vent 6, to monitor in real time whether the flexible inner tube 202 is leaking air.

[0067] Preferably, the height of the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank 2 is 0.25-4.25 meters, and the length × width of the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank 2 is less than or equal to the length × width of all photovoltaic panels 1 in the photovoltaic-storage co-processing unit 10 (unit). Research has found that, based on the average efficiency of the existing photovoltaic panels 1 at 25%, and considering the local peak sunshine hours, each square meter of photovoltaic panel 1 can generate a maximum of 1.5 kWh of electricity per day. Based on current water electrolysis hydrogen production technology, 1.5 kWh can produce 0.5 standard cubic meters of hydrogen 7. Therefore, it is reasonable to design and manufacture the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank 2 using the length and width of all photovoltaic panels 1 as the length and width of the photovoltaic-storage co-processing unit 10 (unit), and a height of 0.25-4.25 meters for the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank 2 is sufficient.

[0068] Preferably, as shown in Figure 6, the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank 1 is fully or partially buried underground, and a hydrogen sensor 11 is installed at the dust release vent 6 (commonly known as a ventilation port) above the flexible inner tube 202 to monitor whether the flexible inner tube 202 is leaking in real time. In this way, the hydrogen 7 in the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank 2 can be introduced into the stove room, allowing users to cook with an open flame just like using biogas.

[0069] In this example, if the rigid outer shell 201 of the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank 2 is a plastic box (or fiberglass box) with a width of 1 meter × a length of 12 meters × a height of 1 meter, the purchase cost of the plastic box is only 960 yuan per unit. If the flexible inner tube 202 is a biogas bladder of the corresponding volume, the purchase cost of the flexible inner tube 202 is only 600 yuan per unit. Correspondingly, it can support the installation of an 8 kW photovoltaic panel 1 with a height of 2.3 meters × 12 meters. According to current prices, the bracket and its installation cost would be 2,550 yuan, while the purchase cost of the plastic box and bladder is only 960 yuan + 600 yuan = 1,550 yuan, and the installation cost is extremely low, almost requiring no installation at all.

[0070] Therefore, replacing the existing photovoltaic support structure with the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank 2 described in this application can save 2550 yuan - 1550 yuan = 1000 yuan, a 39% reduction in support structure and installation costs. Furthermore, it is equivalent to receiving a hydrogen storage tank for free.

[0071] Example 3.

[0072] As shown in Figures 7, 8, 9, and 10, referring to Example 2 above, the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank 2 is configured as two parts: a rigid outer shell 201 (e.g., the upright cylindrical type shown in Figure 7) and a flexible inner tube 202 (e.g., the tower-type airbag shown in Figure 8). Numerous photovoltaic energy storage and sharing devices 10, that is, photovoltaic energy storage sharing devices 10 (units), are spaced at a certain safe distance and clustered on the ground 8 (e.g., the installation method shown in Figures 9-10).

[0073] Hydrogen gas 7 is stored in the flexible inner tube 202. Ideally, a dust-filtering and pressure-relieving vent 6 (commonly known as a ventilation port) communicating with the outside should be provided on the rigid outer shell 201. During the process of hydrogen gas 7 being fed into the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank 2, the flexible inner tube 202 expands to store hydrogen gas 7. The gas (preferably air) between the flexible inner tube 202 and the rigid outer shell 201 is squeezed out through the dust-filtering and pressure-relieving vent 6 to maintain the pressure balance between the tire and atmospheric pressure. During the process of hydrogen gas 7 being fed out of the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank 2, the flexible inner tube 202 contracts, and the space between the flexible inner tube 202 and the rigid outer shell 201 draws in gas (preferably air) through the dust-filtering and pressure-relieving vent 6 to maintain the pressure balance between the tire and atmospheric pressure.

[0074] Preferably, the height of the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank 2 is 0.25-4.25 meters, and the length × width of the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank 2 is less than or equal to the length × width of all photovoltaic panels 1 in the photovoltaic-storage co-processing unit 10 (unit). Research has found that, based on the average efficiency of the existing photovoltaic panels 1 at 25%, and considering the local peak sunshine hours, each square meter of photovoltaic panel 1 can generate a maximum of 1.5 kWh of electricity per day. Based on current water electrolysis hydrogen production technology, 1.5 kWh can produce 0.5 standard cubic meters of hydrogen 7. Therefore, it is reasonable to design and manufacture the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank 2 using the length and width of all photovoltaic panels 1 as the length and width of the photovoltaic-storage co-processing unit 10 (unit), and a height of 0.25-4.25 meters for the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank 2 is sufficient.

[0075] Example 4.

[0076] As shown in Figures 11 and 12, referring to the above embodiment, a cement pool poured on a concrete foundation 9 serves as the rigid outer shell 201 of the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank 2. A flexible inner tube 202 is placed inside the cement pool. Photovoltaic panels 1 are installed on top of the cement pool to shelter the flexible inner tube 202 from wind and rain. Windows are prefabricated on the upper part of the cement wall and air filters are installed as dust filtration and pressure relief vents 6. Hydrogen pipes 3 are then pre-embedded, thus forming a photovoltaic-storage co-location device 10, also known as a photovoltaic-storage co-location device 10 (unit). Numerous cement pool-type photovoltaic-storage co-location devices 10 (units) are spaced at a certain safe distance and clustered on the ground 8 (see the placement method shown in Figure 10).

[0077] Example 5.

[0078] As shown in Figure 14, referring to the above embodiment, the photovoltaic panel 1 is installed next to the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank 2. The photovoltaic panel 1 and the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank 2 constitute a photovoltaic-storage-land-sharing device 10 that is functionally complementary and shares the same land 8. In this embodiment, the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank 2 does not replace the support frame to support the photovoltaic panel 1, and the sunlight above the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank 2 is wasted. It is merely functionally complementary and shares the same land 8. Compared to other embodiments, it is not the optimal implementation method and, in a sense, a degraded implementation method.

[0079] The above-disclosed embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of this application. The accompanying drawings are only schematic diagrams and are not drawn to scale. They cannot be used to limit the scope of this application. Equivalent variations made based on the claims of this application still fall within the scope of this application.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic-storage-hydrogen co-energy system, comprising photovoltaic panels, a hydrogen generator, and a hydrogen tank, characterized in that: ① The photovoltaic panels are installed on the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank. The atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank is used to support the photovoltaic panels, and the photovoltaic panels are used to cover the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank. The photovoltaic panels and the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank constitute a photovoltaic and energy storage co-existing device with complementary functions. Alternatively, the photovoltaic panels can be installed next to the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank, forming a complementary photovoltaic-storage co-location device that shares the same land – a photovoltaic-storage and co-location device. ② Adjacent photovoltaic storage and co-location devices are spaced at a certain safe distance, and numerous photovoltaic storage and co-location devices reside in the same area of ​​land; ③ The atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank is connected to the hydrogen generator via a hydrogen pipeline; ④ When there is sufficient sunlight or surplus electricity, the photovoltaic panels supply power to the hydrogen generator to produce hydrogen. The produced hydrogen is sent to the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank through the hydrogen pipe and stored at atmospheric pressure.

2. The photovoltaic energy storage and co-hydrogen energy system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrogen pipeline connects to the hydrogen fuel cell; when there is no sunlight or insufficient sunlight, the fuel cell receives hydrogen from the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank through the hydrogen pipeline to generate electricity, which is supplied to users or connected to the power grid, thereby releasing the stored energy.

3. The photovoltaic energy storage and co-hydrogen energy system according to claim 1, characterized in that: An atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank consists of a rigid outer shell and a flexible inner tube; the hydrogen is stored inside the flexible inner tube.

4. The photovoltaic energy storage and co-hydrogen energy system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The rigid outer shell has a dust-filtering and pressure-relieving vent that communicates with the outside. During the process of hydrogen being delivered into the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank, the flexible inner tube expands to store hydrogen. The gas between the flexible inner tube and the rigid outer shell is squeezed out through the dust-filtering and pressure-relieving vent to maintain the balance between the tire pressure and atmospheric pressure. During the process of hydrogen being delivered out of the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank, the flexible inner tube contracts, and the space between the flexible inner tube and the rigid outer shell draws in gas through the dust-filtering and pressure-relieving vent to maintain the balance between the tire pressure and atmospheric pressure.

5. The photovoltaic energy storage and co-hydrogen energy system according to claim 1, 2, 3, or 4, characterized in that: The safe operating pressure of the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank is ≤0.28 MPa; or, the height of the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank is 0.25-4.25 meters, and the length × width of a single atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank is ≤ the length × width of a single photovoltaic-storage co-processing unit.

6. The photovoltaic energy storage and co-hydrogen energy system according to claim 1, 2, 3, or 4, characterized in that: The atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank is fully or partially buried underground; or, a hydrogen sensor is installed between the flexible inner tube and the rigid outer shell, or at the dust release vent, to monitor in real time whether the flexible inner tube is leaking.

7. A photovoltaic-storage-co-location device, comprising a photovoltaic panel, characterized in that: The photovoltaic panels are installed on the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank. The atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank is used to support the photovoltaic panels, and the photovoltaic panels are used to cover the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank. The photovoltaic panels and the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank constitute a photovoltaic and energy storage co-construction device with complementary functions and integrated into one device. Alternatively, the photovoltaic panels can be installed next to the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank, forming a complementary photovoltaic-storage-land-sharing device that shares the same land – a photovoltaic-storage-land-sharing device.

8. The optical storage and sharing device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank includes a rigid outer shell and a flexible inner tube. The flexible inner tube is used to store atmospheric pressure hydrogen. The rigid outer shell has a dust-filtering and pressure-relieving vent that communicates with the outside. When hydrogen is delivered into the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank, the flexible inner tube expands to store hydrogen. The gas between the flexible inner tube and the rigid outer shell is squeezed out through the dust-filtering and pressure-relieving vent to maintain the pressure balance between the inner tube and the atmosphere. When hydrogen is delivered out of the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank, the flexible inner tube contracts, and the space between the flexible inner tube and the rigid outer shell draws in gas through the dust-filtering and pressure-relieving vent to maintain the pressure balance between the inner tube and the atmosphere.

9. The optical storage and co-location device according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that: The safe operating pressure of the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank is ≤0.28MPa; or, the height of the atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank is 0.25-4.25 meters, and the length × width of a single atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank is ≤ the length × width of a single photovoltaic-storage co-processing unit.

10. The optical storage and co-location device according to claim 7, 8, or 9, characterized in that: The atmospheric pressure hydrogen tank is fully or partially buried underground; or, a hydrogen sensor is installed between the flexible inner tube and the rigid outer shell, or at the dust release vent, to monitor in real time whether the flexible inner tube is leaking.

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