Chroma prediction harmonization for region-adaptive hierarchical transform in point cloud coding
The region-adaptive hierarchical transform (RAHT) optimizes chroma channel residue prediction by varying methods across layers and regions, addressing inefficiencies in existing video coding techniques and enhancing compression efficiency.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-09-05
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-12
AI Technical Summary
Existing methods for chroma channel residue prediction in video coding lack harmonization between luma-to-chroma and chroma-to-chroma prediction methods, leading to inefficiencies in video compression.
Implementing region-adaptive hierarchical transform (RAHT) operations that apply residue prediction differently for different layers and regions, allowing for flexible and adaptive chroma channel prediction methods, including enabling or disabling specific prediction techniques based on layer, region, or node characteristics.
Enhances video coding efficiency by optimizing chroma prediction, reducing bitrate, and improving compression performance through tailored residue prediction strategies.
Smart Images

Figure CN2025119307_12032026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
Chroma Prediction Harmonization For Region-Adaptive Hierarchical Transform In Point Cloud CodingCROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims the priority to and benefits of International Patent Application No. PCT / CN2024 / 117456, filed on September 6, 2024. All the aforementioned patent applications are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] This patent document relates to generation, storage, and consumption of digital audio video media information in a file format.BACKGROUND
[0003] Digital video accounts for the largest bandwidth used on the Internet and other digital communication networks. As the number of connected user devices capable of receiving and displaying video increases, the bandwidth demand for digital video usage is likely to continue to grow.SUMMARY
[0004] A first aspect relates to a method for processing video data comprising: determining to perform a Region-Adaptive Hierarchical Transform (RAHT) operation by applying residue prediction for a red difference chroma (Cr) chroma channel differently for different layers; and performing a conversion between a visual media data and a bitstream based on the RAHT operation.
[0005] A second aspect relates to an apparatus for processing video data comprising: a processor; and a non-transitory memory with instructions thereon, wherein the instructions upon execution by the processor, cause the processor to perform any of the preceding aspects.
[0006] A third aspect relates to non-transitory computer readable medium comprising a computer program product for use by a video coding device, the computer program product comprising computer executable instructions stored on the non-transitory computer readable medium such that when executed by a processor cause the video coding device to perform the method of any of the preceding aspects.
[0007] A fourth aspect relates to a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium storing a bitstream of a video which is generated by a method performed by a video processing apparatus, wherein the method comprises: determining to perform a Region-Adaptive Hierarchical Transform (RAHT) operation by applying residue prediction for a red difference chroma (Cr) chroma channel differently for different layers; and generating a bitstream based on the determining.
[0008] A fifth aspect relates to a method for storing bitstream of a video comprising: determining to perform a Region-Adaptive Hierarchical Transform (RAHT) operation by applying residue prediction for a red difference chroma (Cr) chroma channel differently for different layers; generating a bitstream based on the determining; and storing the bitstream in a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium.
[0009] For the purpose of clarity, any one of the foregoing embodiments may be combined with any one or more of the other foregoing embodiments to create a new embodiment within the scope of the present disclosure.
[0010] These and other features will be more clearly understood from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and claims.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0011] For a more complete understanding of this disclosure, reference is now made to the following brief description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings and detailed description, wherein like reference numerals represent like parts.
[0012] FIG. 1 is an example of parent-level nodes for each sub-node of transform unit node.
[0013] FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an example video processing system.
[0014] FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an example video processing apparatus.
[0015] FIG. 4 is a flowchart for an example method of video processing.
[0016] FIG. 5 is a block diagram that illustrates an example video coding system.
[0017] FIG. 6 is a block diagram that illustrates an example encoder.
[0018] FIG. 7 is a block diagram that illustrates an example decoder.
[0019] FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an example encoder.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0020] It should be understood at the outset that although an illustrative implementation of one or more embodiments are provided below, the disclosed systems and / or methods may be implemented using any number of techniques, whether currently known or yet to be developed. The disclosure should in no way be limited to the illustrative implementations, drawings, and techniques illustrated below, including the exemplary designs and implementations illustrated and described herein, but may be modified within the scope of the appended claims along with their full scope of equivalents. 1. Initial discussion
[0021] This document is related to media file format. Specifically, it is related to cross-component and cross-attribute prediction in region-adaptive hierarchical transform. The ideas may be applied individually or in various combination, to any point cloud coding standard or non-standard point cloud codec, e.g., the being-developed Geometry based Point Cloud Compression (G-PCC) . 2. Abbreviations Geometry based Point Cloud Compression (G-PCC) , Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) , 3D Graphics Coding Group (3DG) , Call For Proposal (CFP) , Video-based Point Cloud Compression (V-PCC) , Region-Adaptive Hierarchical Transform (RAHT) , Sequence Parameter Set (SPS) , Attribute Parameter Set (APS) , Geometry Parameter Set (GPS) 3. Further discussion
[0022] MPEG, short for Moving Picture Experts Group, is one of the main standardization groups dealing with multimedia. In 2017, the MPEG 3D Graphics Coding group (3DG) published a call for proposals (CFP) document to start to develop point cloud coding standard [1] . The final standard will consist in two classes of solutions. Video-based Point Cloud Compression (V-PCC) is appropriate for point sets with a relatively uniform distribution of points [2] . Geometry-based Point Cloud Compression (G-PCC) is appropriate for more sparse distributions [3] . Both V-PCC and G-PCC support the coding and decoding for single point cloud and point cloud sequence.
[0023] In one-point cloud, there may be geometry information and attribute information. Geometry information is used to describe the geometry locations of the data points. Attribute information is used to record some details of the data points, such as textures, normal vectors, reflections and so on. 3.1 Octree Geometry Compression
[0024] Point cloud codec can process the various information in different ways. Usually there are many optional tools in the codec to support the coding and decoding of geometry information and attribute information respectively. Among geometry coding tools in G-PCC, octree geometry compression has an important influence for point cloud geometry coding performance [4] .
[0025] In G-PCC, one of important point cloud geometry coding tools is octree geometry compression, which leverages point cloud geometry spatial correlation. If geometry coding tools is enabled, a cubical axis-aligned bounding box, associated with octree root node, will be determined according to point cloud geometry information. Then the bounding box will be subdivided into 8 sub-cubes, which are associated with 8 sub-nodes of root node (a cube is equivalent to node hereafter) . An 8-bit code is then generated by specific order to indicate whether the 8 sub-nodes contain points separately, where one bit is associated with one sub-node. The bit associated with one sub-node is named occupancy bit and the 8-bit code generated is named occupancy code. The generated occupancy code will be signaled according to the occupancy information of neighbor node. Then only the nodes which contain points will be subdivided into 8 sub-nodes furtherly. The process will perform recursively until the node size is 1. So, the point cloud geometry information is converted into occupancy code sequences.
[0026] In decoder side, occupancy code sequences will be decoded and the point cloud geometry information can be reconstructed according to the occupancy code sequences.
[0027] A breadth-first scanning order will be used for the octree. In one level of the octree, the octree node will be scanned in a Morton order. If the coordinate of one node is represented by N bits, the coordinate (X, Y, Z) of the node can be represented as follows. X=(xN-1xN-2…x1x0) Y=(yN-1yN-2…y1y0) Z=(zN-1zN-2…z1z0)
[0028] Its Morton code can be represented as follows. M=(xN-1yN-1zN-1xN-2yN-2zN-2…x1y1z1x0y0z0)
[0029] The Morton order is the order from small to large according to Morton code. 3.2 Region-Adaptive Hierarchical Transform
[0030] In G-PCC, one of important point cloud attribute coding tools is RAHT. It is a transform that uses the attributes associated with a node in a lower level of the octree to predict the attributes of the nodes in the next level [5] . It assumes that the positions of the points are given at both the encoder and decoder. RAHT follows the octree scan backwards, from leaf nodes to root node, at each step recombining nodes into larger ones until reaching the root node. At each level of octree, the nodes are processed in the Morton order. At each decomposition, instead of grouping eight nodes at a time, RAHT does it in three steps along each dimension, (e.g., along z, then y then x) . If there are L levels in octree, RAHT takes 3L levels to traverse the tree backwards.
[0031] Let the nodes at level l be gl, x, y, z, for x, y, z integers. gl, x, y, z was obtained by grouping gl+1, 2x, y, z and gl+1, 2x+1, y, z, where the grouping along the first dimension was an example. RAHT only process occupied nodes. If one of the nodes in the pair is unoccupied, the other one is promoted to the next level, unprocessed, i.e., gl-1, x, y, z=gl, 2x, y, z if the latter is the occupied node of the pair. The grouping process is repeated until getting to the root. Note that the grouping process generates nodes at lower levels that are the result of grouping different numbers of voxels along the way. The number of nodes grouped to generate node gl, x, y, z is the weight ωl, x, y, z of that node.
[0032] At every grouping of two nodes, say gl, 2x, y, z and gl, 2x+1, y, z, with their respective weights, ωl, 2x, y, zand ωl, 2x+1, y, z, RAHT apply the following transform:
[0033] Where ω1=ωl, 2x, y, z and ω2=ωl, 2x+1, y, z and
[0034] Note that the transform matrix changes at all times, adapting to the weights, i.e., adapting to the number of leaf nodes that each gl, x, y, z actually represents. The quantities gl, x, y, z are used to group and compose further nodes at a lower level. hl, x, y, z are the actual high-pass coefficients generated by the transform to be encoded and transmitted. Furthermore, weights accumulate for the level above. In the above example, ωl-1, 2, y, z=ωl, 2x, y, z+ωl, 2x+1, y, z
[0035] In the last stage, the tree root, the remaining two voxels g1, 0, 0, 0 and g1, 1, 0, 0 are transformed into the final two coefficients as:
[0036] Where gDC=g0, 0, 0, 0. 3.2 Up-sampled transform domain prediction in RAHT
[0037] FIG. 1 is an example 100 of parent-level nodes for each sub-node of transform unit node.
[0038] The transform domain prediction is introduced to improve coding efficiency on RAHT [6] . It is formed of two parts.
[0039] Firstly, the RAHT tree traversal is changed to be descent based from the previous ascent approach, i.e., a tree of attribute and weight sums is constructed and then RAHT is performed from the root of the tree to the leaves for both the encoder and the decoder. The transform is also performed in octree node transform unit that has 2×2×2 sub-nodes. Within the node, the encoder transform order is from leaves to the root.
[0040] Secondly, for each sub-node of transform unit, a corresponding predicted sub-node is produced by upsampling the previous transform level. Actually, only sub-node that contains at last one point will produce a corresponding predicted sub-node. The transform unit that contains 2×2×2 predicted sub-nodes is transformed and subtracted from the transformed attributes at the encoder side. The residual of alternating current (AC) coefficients will be signalled. Note that the prediction does not affect the direct current (DC) coefficient.
[0041] Each sub-node of transform unit node is predicted by 7 parent-level nodes where 3 coline parent-level neighbour nodes, 3 coplane parent-level neighbour nodes and 1 parent node. Coplane and coline neighbours are the neighbours that share a face and an edge with current transform unit node, respectively. Figure 1 shows 7 parent-level nodes for each sub-node of transform unit node.
[0042] The attribute aup of each sub-node is predicted depending on the distance between it and its parent-level node as follows.
[0043] aup=∑ωkak / ∑ωk
[0044] ak is the attribute of its one parent-level node and ωk is weight depending on the distance. In G-PCC, ωparent: ωcoplane: ωcoline=4: 2: 1. 3.5 Coding Parameter Classification
[0045] There are some coding parameters in the encoder to control the encoding of point cloud. Some of them are signaled to the decoder to support the decoding process. The parameters can be classified and stored in several clusters according to the affected part of each parameter, such as geometry parameter set (GPS) , attribute parameter set (APS) and sequence parameter set (SPS) . The parameters that control the geometry coding tools are stored in GPS. The parameters that control the attribute coding tools are stored in APS. For example, the parameters that describe the attribute category of point cloud sequence and the data accuracy of coding process are stored in SPS. 3.6 Cross-Component Residual Prediction
[0046] In cross-component prediction, the chroma Cb and Cr residues (rcb and rcr) are predicted from the reconstructed luma residue by a simple linear model as,
[0047] The method is enabled only for last N layer, where N is specified in the bitstream. 3.7 Cross-Chroma Residual Prediction
[0048] In cross-chroma prediction, the Cr residue (rcr) is predicted from the reconstructed Cb residue by a simple linear model as,
[0049] The method is enabled for all the layers. 4. Technical problems solved by disclosed technical solutions
[0050] An example design for region-adaptive hierarchical transform (RAHT) coefficients has the following problem:
[0051] In an example design, for chroma channel Cr residue prediction, there are two options namely, luma (Y) to Cr prediction and chroma Cb to Cr prediction. However, there is no known method to harmonize these two prediction methods. 5. A listing of solutions and embodiments
[0052] To solve the above problems and some other problems not mentioned, methods as summarized below are disclosed. The items should be considered as examples to explain the general concepts and should not be interpreted in a narrow way. Furthermore, these inventions can be applied individually or combined in any manner.
[0053] For the discussion, Cr residual prediction is considered for which there are two options that should be harmonized. The ideas disclosed can be applied to other channel prediction X which could be prediction from different channels Y and Z and thus needs to be harmonized. 1) In one example, the residue prediction method for chroma channel Cr may be different for different layers. a. In one example, the Cb-Cr prediction may be disabled for some specific layers where Y-Cr prediction is enabled, as prediction method A. b. In one example, the Y-Cr prediction may be disabled for some specific layers where Cb-Cr prediction is enabled, as prediction method B. c. In one example, the specific layers for prediction method A or B may be the last N layers. d. In one example, the specific layers for prediction method A or B may be the first N layers. e. In one example, the specific layers for prediction method A or B may be the middle N layers. f. In one example, the specific layers for prediction method A or / and B may be fixed. For example, N may be fixed. g. In one example, the specific layers for prediction method A or / and B may be derived at the decoder. i. In one example, the specific layers for prediction method A may be the layers where prediction method B is not used. ii. In one example, the specific layers for prediction method B may be the layers where prediction method A is not used. h. In one example, there may be at least one indicator (s) to indicate the specific layers or be used to derive the specific layers for prediction method A or / and B. i. In one example, the indicator (s) may be signaled to the decoder. ii. In one example, the indicator (s) may be coded with fixed-length coding, unary coding, truncated unary coding, etc. al. iii. In one example, the indicator (s) may be coding in a predictive way. 2) In one example, the prediction method for chroma channel may be different for different regions. a. In one example, for local RAHT coding where different regions have their respective local RAHT transform, different regions may have different chroma prediction methods. b. In one example, the prediction method for some specific region (s) may be fixed at the decoder. c. In one example, the prediction method for each region may be derived at the decoder. d. In one example, the prediction method for each region may be signalled to the decoder. i. In one example, there may be at least one indicator (s) to indicate the prediction method or be used to derive the prediction method for one region. 1. In one example, the indicator (s) may be signaled to the decoder. 2. In one example, the indicator (s) may be coded with fixed-length coding, unary coding, truncated unary coding, etc. al. 3. In one example, the indicator (s) may be coding in a predictive way. e. In one example, the prediction method for each region may be conditionally signalled or conditionally derived. 3) In one example, the choice of prediction method may be conditioned on the layer and / or the region. 4) In one example, the prediction method for chroma channel Cr may be different for different nodes. a. In one example, in a layer, the prediction method may be specified for each RAHT node or for a group of RAHT nodes. b. In one example, the prediction method for each node may be derived at the decoder. c. In one example, the prediction method for each node may be signalled to the decoder. i. In one example, there may be at least one indicator (s) to indicate the prediction method or be used to derive the prediction method for one node. 1. In one example, the indicator (s) may be signaled to the decoder. 2. In one example, the indicator (s) may be coded with fixed-length coding, unary coding, truncated unary coding, etc. al. 3. In one example, the indicator (s) may be coding in a predictive way. d. In one example, the prediction method for each node may be conditionally signalled or conditionally derived. 5) In one example, the strength of filter coefficients may be used to derive the prediction method for the current node (Note: Assumes that filter coefficients are computed at both encoder and decoder based on neighboring samples) . a. For example, the default prediction method may be from to rcr, as long as there is non-zero prediction coefficient αycr. i. In one example, if the absolute value of filter coefficient αycr meet some specific condition (s) , then the prediction method may be from to rcr. Otherwise, Cb-Cr prediction method may be used. 1. In one example, the specific condition may be the absolute value of filter coefficient αycr is greater than a threshold. 2. In one example, the specific condition may be the absolute value of filter coefficient αycr is greater than or equal to a threshold. 3. In one example, the specific condition may be the absolute value of filter coefficient αycr is within one specific range. b. Alternatively, the default prediction method may be from to rcr, as long as there is non-zero prediction coefficient αcbcr, as approach B. i. In one example, if the absolute value of filter coefficient αcbcr meet some specific condition (s) , then the prediction method may be from to rcr. Otherwise, Y-Cr prediction method may be used. 1. In one example, the specific condition may be the absolute value of filter coefficient αcbcr is greater than a threshold. 2. In one example, the specific condition may be the absolute value of filter coefficient αcbcr is greater than or equal to a threshold. 3. In one example, the specific condition may be the absolute value of filter coefficient αcbcr is within one specific range. c. For example, the default prediction method may be from to rcr, as long as there is non-zero prediction coefficient αycr, as approach C. i. In one example, if the absolute value of filter coefficient αcbcr meet some specific condition (s) , then the prediction method may be from to rcr. Otherwise, the default prediction method may be used. 1. In one example, the specific condition may be the absolute value of filter coefficient αcbcr is greater than a threshold. 2. In one example, the specific condition may be the absolute value of filter coefficient αcbcr is greater than or equal to a threshold. 3. In one example, the specific condition may be the absolute value of filter coefficient αcbcr is less than a threshold. 4. In one example, the specific condition may be the absolute value of filter coefficient αcbcr is less than or equal a threshold. 5. In one example, the specific condition may be the absolute value of filter coefficient αcbcr is within one specific range. d. Alternatively, the default prediction method may be from to rcr, as long as there is non-zero prediction coefficient αcbcr, as approach D. i. In one example, if the absolute value of filter coefficient αycr meet some specific condition (s) , then the prediction method may be from to rcr. Otherwise, the default prediction method may be used. 1. In one example, the specific condition may be the absolute value of filter coefficient αycr is greater than a threshold. 2. In one example, the specific condition may be the absolute value of filter coefficient αycr is greater than or equal to a threshold. 3. In one example, the specific condition may be the absolute value of filter coefficient αycr is less than a threshold. 4. In one example, the specific condition may be the absolute value of filter coefficient αycr is less than or equal a threshold. 5. In one example, the specific condition may be the absolute value of filter coefficient αycr is within one specific range. e. In one example, if the absolute value of filter coefficient αycr meet some specific condition (s) and the absolute values of filter coefficients αcbcr meet some specific condition (s) , then some combination of prediction methods may be employed. Otherwise, the above approach A or approach B or approach C or approach D may be applied. i. In one example, the specific condition (s) may be same as the above description. ii. In one example, the combination could be the average of the two predictions. iii. In one example, the combination could be a weighted average, where the weights may depend on the prediction coefficients. f. In one example, the threshold (s) and specific range (s) may be fixed or derived at the decoder. g. In one example, the threshold (s) and specific range (s) may be signalled to the decoder. i. In one example, there may be at least one indicator (s) to indicate or be used to derive the threshold (s) and specific range (s) . 1. In one example, the indicator (s) may be signaled to the decoder. 2. In one example, the indicator (s) may be coded with fixed-length coding, unary coding, truncated unary coding, etc. al. 3. In one example, the indicator (s) may be coding in a predictive way. h. In one example, which approach or approaches is enabled may be fixed or derived at the decoder. i. In one example, only approach A may be enabled. ii. In one example, only approach B may be enabled. iii. In one example, only combination of prediction methods may be enabled. iv. In one example, both approach A and combination of prediction methods may be enabled. v. In one example, both approach B and combination of prediction methods may be enabled. i. In one example, which approach or approaches is enabled may be signalled to the decoder. i. In one example, there may be at least one indicator (s) to indicate or be used to derive which approach or approaches is enabled. 1. In one example, the indicator (s) may be signaled to the decoder. 2. In one example, the indicator (s) may be coded with fixed-length coding, unary coding, truncated unary coding, etc. al. 3. In one example, the indicator (s) may be coding in a predictive way. 6) In one example, the reconstructed neighboring samples could be used as a template to evaluate the prediction methods. a. In one example, the best prediction may be decided based on the best filtering method on the template. b. In one example, the cross-component and cross-chroma prediction methods are evaluated on the template and the method yielding least error may be used for the current node. i. For example, the error could be SSE or SAD. c. In one example, different weighted combinations of the predictions may be evaluated, and the best choice of weights may be used to fuse the predictions for the current node. d. In one example, the best choice of prediction weights may be derived from the template based on regression. 7) In one example, the above introduced models / approaches / modes / methods may be applied for other attribute prediction methods other than RAHT. a. For example, the models may be used in predictive transform attribute coding. b. For example, the models may be used in lifting transform attribute coding. c. For example, the models may be applied for lossless compression case only. d. For example, the models may be applied for lossy compression case only. e. For example, the models may be applied for both lossless compression case and lossy compression case. 8) In one example, the prediction method described above may be replaced by residue prediction method. 9) Whether to and / or how to apply a method disclosed above may be signaled from encoder to decoder in a bitstream / frame / tile / slice / octree / etc. 10) Whether to and / or how to apply the disclosed methods above may be dependent on coded information, such as dimensions, colour format, colour component, slice / picture type. 11) In one example, the choice of prediction method can be different for different layers, regions, nodes etc. a. For example, the Cb-Cr prediction may be disabled for the last few layers where Y-Cr prediction is enabled. b. For example, for local RAHT coding where different regions have their respective local RAHT transform, different regions may have different chroma prediction methods. c. For example, in a layer, the choice of prediction method may be specified for each RAHT node or for a group of RAHT nodes. d. For example, the choice of prediction method may be conditioned on the layer and / or the region. 12) In one example, the strength of filter coefficients may be used to determine the choice of the prediction method for the current node (Note: Assumes that filter coefficients are computed at both encoder and decoder based on neighboring samples) . a. For example, if the absolute value of filter coefficient αycr is greater than a threshold, then the prediction method may be from to rcr. b. For example, the default choice of prediction method may be from to rcr, as long as there is non-zero prediction coefficient αycr. c. For example, if absolute values of both prediction coefficients αycr and αcbcr are greater than a threshold, then some combination of prediction methods may be employed. i. In one example, the combination could be the average of the two predictions. ii. In one example, the combination could be a weighted average, where the weights may depend on the prediction coefficients. 13) In one example, the reconstructed neighboring samples could be used as a template to evaluate the prediction methods and the best prediction may be decided based on the best filtering method on the template. a. In one example, the cross-component and cross-chroma prediction methods are evaluated on the template and the method yielding least error may be used for the current node. i. For example, the error could be SSE or SAD b. In one example, different weighted combinations of the predictions may be evaluated, and the best choice of weights may be used to fuse the predictions for the current node. c. In one example, the best choice of prediction weights may be derived from the template based on regression. 14) In one example, the above introduced models may be applied for other attribute prediction methods other than RAHT. a. For example, the models may be used in predictive transform attribute coding. b. For example, the models may be applied for lossless compression case only. 15) Whether to and / or how to apply a method disclosed above may be signaled from encoder to decoder in a bitstream / frame / tile / slice / octree / etc. 16) Whether to and / or how to apply the disclosed methods above may be dependent on coded information, such as dimensions, colour format, colour component, slice / picture type. 6. Reference [1] MPEG 3DG and Requirements, “Call for Proposals for Point Cloud Compression V2” , ISO / IEC JTC1 / SC29 WG11 N16763. [2] ISO / IEC JTC 1 / SC 29 / WG 07, “Information technology -Coded Representation of Immersive Media -Part 5: Visual Volumetric Video-based Coding (V3C) and Video-based Point Cloud Compression (V-PCC) ” , ISO / IEC 23090-5. [3] ISO / IEC JTC 1 / SC 29 / WG 11, “Information technology -MPEG-I (Coded Representation of Immersive Media) -Part 9: Geometry-based Point Cloud Compression” , ISO / IEC 23090-9: 2020 (E) . [4] MPEG 3D Graphics Coding, “G-PCC codec description” , ISO / IEC JTC1 / SC29 WG07 N0015. [5] Ricardo L. De Queiroz and Philip A. Chou, “Compression of 3D Point Clouds Using a Region-Adaptive Hierarchical Transform” , IEEE Transactions on Image Processing. [6] S. Lasserre, D. Flynn, “On an improvement of RAHT to exploit attribute correlation” , ISO / IEC JTC1 / SC29 / WG11 M47378.
[0054] FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an example video processing system 4000 in which various techniques disclosed herein may be implemented. Various implementations may include some or all of the components of the system 4000. The system 4000 may include input 4002 for receiving video content. The video content may be received in a raw or uncompressed format, e.g., 8 or 10 bit multi-component pixel values, or may be in a compressed or encoded format. The input 4002 may represent a network interface, a peripheral bus interface, or a storage interface. Examples of network interface include wired interfaces such as Ethernet, passive optical network (PON) , etc. and wireless interfaces such as Wi-Fi or cellular interfaces.
[0055] The system 4000 may include a coding component 4004 that may implement the various coding or encoding methods described in the present document. The coding component 4004 may reduce the average bitrate of video from the input 4002 to the output of the coding component 4004 to produce a coded representation of the video. The coding techniques are therefore sometimes called video compression or video transcoding techniques. The output of the coding component 4004 may be either stored, or transmitted via a communication connected, as represented by the component 4006. The stored or communicated bitstream (or coded) representation of the video received at the input 4002 may be used by a component 4008 for generating pixel values or displayable video that is sent to a display interface 4010. The process of generating user-viewable video from the bitstream representation is sometimes called video decompression. Furthermore, while certain video processing operations are referred to as “coding” operations or tools, it will be appreciated that the coding tools or operations are used at an encoder and corresponding decoding tools or operations that reverse the results of the coding will be performed by a decoder.
[0056] Examples of a peripheral bus interface or a display interface may include universal serial bus (USB) or high definition multimedia interface (HDMI) or Displayport, and so on. Examples of storage interfaces include serial advanced technology attachment (SATA) , peripheral component interconnect (PCI) , integrated drive electronics (IDE) interface, and the like. The techniques described in the present document may be embodied in various electronic devices such as mobile phones, laptops, smartphones or other devices that are capable of performing digital data processing and / or video display.
[0057] FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an example video processing apparatus 4100. The apparatus 4100 may be used to implement one or more of the methods described herein. The apparatus 4100 may be embodied in a smartphone, tablet, computer, Internet of Things (IoT) receiver, and so on. The apparatus 4100 may include one or more processors 4102, one or more memories 4104 and video processing circuitry 4106. The processor (s) 4102 may be configured to implement one or more methods described in the present document. The memory (memories) 4104 may be used for storing data and code used for implementing the methods and techniques described herein. The video processing circuitry 4106 may be used to implement, in hardware circuitry, some techniques described in the present document. In some embodiments, the video processing circuitry 4106 may be at least partly included in the processor 4102, e.g., a graphics co-processor.
[0058] FIG. 4 is a flowchart for an example method 4200 of video processing. The method 4200 determines to perform a Region-Adaptive Hierarchical Transform (RAHT) operation by applying residue prediction for a red difference chroma (Cr) chroma channel differently for different layers at step 4202. A conversion is performed between a visual media data and a bitstream based on the RAHT operation at step 4204. The conversion of step 4204 may include encoding at an encoder or decoding at a decoder, depending on the example.
[0059] It should be noted that the method 4200 can be implemented in an apparatus for processing video data comprising a processor and a non-transitory memory with instructions thereon, such as video encoder 4400, video decoder 4500, and / or encoder 4600. In such a case, the instructions upon execution by the processor, cause the processor to perform the method 4200. Further, the method 4200 can be performed by a non-transitory computer readable medium comprising a computer program product for use by a video coding device. The computer program product comprises computer executable instructions stored on the non-transitory computer readable medium such that when executed by a processor cause the video coding device to perform the method 4200.
[0060] FIG. 5 is a block diagram that illustrates an example video coding system 4300 that may utilize the techniques of this disclosure. The video coding system 4300 may include a source device 4310 and a destination device 4320. Source device 4310 generates encoded video data which may be referred to as a video encoding device. Destination device 4320 may decode the encoded video data generated by source device 4310 which may be referred to as a video decoding device.
[0061] Source device 4310 may include a video source 4312, a video encoder 4314, and an input / output (I / O) interface 4316. Video source 4312 may include a source such as a video capture device, an interface to receive video data from a video content provider, and / or a computer graphics system for generating video data, or a combination of such sources. The video data may comprise one or more pictures. Video encoder 4314 encodes the video data from video source 4312 to generate a bitstream. The bitstream may include a sequence of bits that form a coded representation of the video data. The bitstream may include coded pictures and associated data. The coded picture is a coded representation of a picture. The associated data may include sequence parameter sets, picture parameter sets, and other syntax structures. I / O interface 4316 may include a modulator / demodulator (modem) and / or a transmitter. The encoded video data may be transmitted directly to destination device 4320 via I / O interface 4316 through network 4330. The encoded video data may also be stored onto a storage medium / server 4340 for access by destination device 4320.
[0062] Destination device 4320 may include an I / O interface 4326, a video decoder 4324, and a display device 4322. I / O interface 4326 may include a receiver and / or a modem. I / O interface 4326 may acquire encoded video data from the source device 4310 or the storage medium / server 4340. Video decoder 4324 may decode the encoded video data. Display device 4322 may display the decoded video data to a user. Display device 4322 may be integrated with the destination device 4320, or may be external to destination device 4320, which can be configured to interface with an external display device.
[0063] Video encoder 4314 and video decoder 4324 may operate according to a video compression standard, such as the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard, Versatile Video Coding (VVC) standard and other current and / or further standards.
[0064] FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating an example of video encoder 4400, which may be video encoder 4314 in the system 4300 illustrated in FIG. 5. Video encoder 4400 may be configured to perform any or all of the techniques of this disclosure. The video encoder 4400 includes a plurality of functional components. The techniques described in this disclosure may be shared among the various components of video encoder 4400. In some examples, a processor may be configured to perform any or all of the techniques described in this disclosure.
[0065] The functional components of video encoder 4400 may include a partition unit 4401, a prediction unit 4402 which may include a mode select unit 4403, a motion estimation unit 4404, a motion compensation unit 4405, an intra prediction unit 4406, a residual generation unit 4407, a transform processing unit 4408, a quantization unit 4409, an inverse quantization unit 4410, an inverse transform unit 4411, a reconstruction unit 4412, a buffer 4413, and an entropy encoding unit 4414.
[0066] In other examples, video encoder 4400 may include more, fewer, or different functional components. In an example, prediction unit 4402 may include an intra block copy (IBC) unit. The IBC unit may perform prediction in an IBC mode in which at least one reference picture is a picture where the current video block is located.
[0067] Furthermore, some components, such as motion estimation unit 4404 and motion compensation unit 4405 may be highly integrated, but are represented in the example of video encoder 4400 separately for purposes of explanation.
[0068] Partition unit 4401 may partition a picture into one or more video blocks. Video encoder 4400 and video decoder 4500 may support various video block sizes.
[0069] Mode select unit 4403 may select one of the coding modes, intra or inter, e.g., based on error results, and provide the resulting intra or inter coded block to a residual generation unit 4407 to generate residual block data and to a reconstruction unit 4412 to reconstruct the encoded block for use as a reference picture. In some examples, mode select unit 4403 may select a combination of intra and inter prediction (CIIP) mode in which the prediction is based on an inter prediction signal and an intra prediction signal. Mode select unit 4403 may also select a resolution for a motion vector (e.g., a sub-pixel or integer pixel precision) for the block in the case of inter prediction.
[0070] To perform inter prediction on a current video block, motion estimation unit 4404 may generate motion information for the current video block by comparing one or more reference frames from buffer 4413 to the current video block. Motion compensation unit 4405 may determine a predicted video block for the current video block based on the motion information and decoded samples of pictures from buffer 4413 other than the picture associated with the current video block.
[0071] Motion estimation unit 4404 and motion compensation unit 4405 may perform different operations for a current video block, for example, depending on whether the current video block is in an I slice, a P slice, or a B slice.
[0072] In some examples, motion estimation unit 4404 may perform uni-directional prediction for the current video block, and motion estimation unit 4404 may search reference pictures of list 0 or list 1 for a reference video block for the current video block. Motion estimation unit 4404 may then generate a reference index that indicates the reference picture in list 0 or list 1 that contains the reference video block and a motion vector that indicates a spatial displacement between the current video block and the reference video block. Motion estimation unit 4404 may output the reference index, a prediction direction indicator, and the motion vector as the motion information of the current video block. Motion compensation unit 4405 may generate the predicted video block of the current block based on the reference video block indicated by the motion information of the current video block.
[0073] In other examples, motion estimation unit 4404 may perform bi-directional prediction for the current video block, motion estimation unit 4404 may search the reference pictures in list 0 for a reference video block for the current video block and may also search the reference pictures in list 1 for another reference video block for the current video block. Motion estimation unit 4404 may then generate reference indexes that indicate the reference pictures in list 0 and list 1 containing the reference video blocks and motion vectors that indicate spatial displacements between the reference video blocks and the current video block. Motion estimation unit 4404 may output the reference indexes and the motion vectors of the current video block as the motion information of the current video block. Motion compensation unit 4405 may generate the predicted video block of the current video block based on the reference video blocks indicated by the motion information of the current video block.
[0074] In some examples, motion estimation unit 4404 may output a full set of motion information for decoding processing of a decoder. In some examples, motion estimation unit 4404 may not output a full set of motion information for the current video. Rather, motion estimation unit 4404 may signal the motion information of the current video block with reference to the motion information of another video block. For example, motion estimation unit 4404 may determine that the motion information of the current video block is sufficiently similar to the motion information of a neighboring video block.
[0075] In one example, motion estimation unit 4404 may indicate, in a syntax structure associated with the current video block, a value that indicates to the video decoder 4500 that the current video block has the same motion information as another video block.
[0076] In another example, motion estimation unit 4404 may identify, in a syntax structure associated with the current video block, another video block and a motion vector difference (MVD) . The motion vector difference indicates a difference between the motion vector of the current video block and the motion vector of the indicated video block. The video decoder 4500 may use the motion vector of the indicated video block and the motion vector difference to determine the motion vector of the current video block.
[0077] As discussed above, video encoder 4400 may predictively signal the motion vector. Two examples of predictive signaling techniques that may be implemented by video encoder 4400 include advanced motion vector prediction (AMVP) and merge mode signaling.
[0078] Intra prediction unit 4406 may perform intra prediction on the current video block. When intra prediction unit 4406 performs intra prediction on the current video block, intra prediction unit 4406 may generate prediction data for the current video block based on decoded samples of other video blocks in the same picture. The prediction data for the current video block may include a predicted video block and various syntax elements.
[0079] Residual generation unit 4407 may generate residual data for the current video block by subtracting the predicted video block (s) of the current video block from the current video block. The residual data of the current video block may include residual video blocks that correspond to different sample components of the samples in the current video block.
[0080] In other examples, there may be no residual data for the current video block for the current video block, for example in a skip mode, and residual generation unit 4407 may not perform the subtracting operation.
[0081] Transform processing unit 4408 may generate one or more transform coefficient video blocks for the current video block by applying one or more transforms to a residual video block associated with the current video block.
[0082] After transform processing unit 4408 generates a transform coefficient video block associated with the current video block, quantization unit 4409 may quantize the transform coefficient video block associated with the current video block based on one or more quantization parameter (QP) values associated with the current video block.
[0083] Inverse quantization unit 4410 and inverse transform unit 4411 may apply inverse quantization and inverse transforms to the transform coefficient video block, respectively, to reconstruct a residual video block from the transform coefficient video block. Reconstruction unit 4412 may add the reconstructed residual video block to corresponding samples from one or more predicted video blocks generated by the prediction unit 4402 to produce a reconstructed video block associated with the current block for storage in the buffer 4413.
[0084] After reconstruction unit 4412 reconstructs the video block, the loop filtering operation may be performed to reduce video blocking artifacts in the video block.
[0085] Entropy encoding unit 4414 may receive data from other functional components of the video encoder 4400. When entropy encoding unit 4414 receives the data, entropy encoding unit 4414 may perform one or more entropy encoding operations to generate entropy encoded data and output a bitstream that includes the entropy encoded data.
[0086] FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating an example of video decoder 4500 which may be video decoder 4324 in the system 4300 illustrated in FIG. 5. The video decoder 4500 may be configured to perform any or all of the techniques of this disclosure. In the example shown, the video decoder 4500 includes a plurality of functional components. The techniques described in this disclosure may be shared among the various components of the video decoder 4500. In some examples, a processor may be configured to perform any or all of the techniques described in this disclosure.
[0087] In the example shown, video decoder 4500 includes an entropy decoding unit 4501, a motion compensation unit 4502, an intra prediction unit 4503, an inverse quantization unit 4504, an inverse transformation unit 4505, a reconstruction unit 4506, and a buffer 4507. Video decoder 4500 may, in some examples, perform a decoding pass generally reciprocal to the encoding pass described with respect to video encoder 4400.
[0088] Entropy decoding unit 4501 may retrieve an encoded bitstream. The encoded bitstream may include entropy coded video data (e.g., encoded blocks of video data) . Entropy decoding unit 4501 may decode the entropy coded video data, and from the entropy decoded video data, motion compensation unit 4502 may determine motion information including motion vectors, motion vector precision, reference picture list indexes, and other motion information. Motion compensation unit 4502 may, for example, determine such information by performing the AMVP and merge mode.
[0089] Motion compensation unit 4502 may produce motion compensated blocks, possibly performing interpolation based on interpolation filters. Identifiers for interpolation filters to be used with sub-pixel precision may be included in the syntax elements.
[0090] Motion compensation unit 4502 may use interpolation filters as used by video encoder 4400 during encoding of the video block to calculate interpolated values for sub-integer pixels of a reference block. Motion compensation unit 4502 may determine the interpolation filters used by video encoder 4400 according to received syntax information and use the interpolation filters to produce predictive blocks.
[0091] Motion compensation unit 4502 may use some of the syntax information to determine sizes of blocks used to encode frame (s) and / or slice (s) of the encoded video sequence, partition information that describes how each macroblock of a picture of the encoded video sequence is partitioned, modes indicating how each partition is encoded, one or more reference frames (and reference frame lists) for each inter coded block, and other information to decode the encoded video sequence.
[0092] Intra prediction unit 4503 may use intra prediction modes for example received in the bitstream to form a prediction block from spatially adjacent blocks. Inverse quantization unit 4504 inverse quantizes, i.e., de-quantizes, the quantized video block coefficients provided in the bitstream and decoded by entropy decoding unit 4501. Inverse transform unit 4505 applies an inverse transform.
[0093] Reconstruction unit 4506 may sum the residual blocks with the corresponding prediction blocks generated by motion compensation unit 4502 or intra prediction unit 4503 to form decoded blocks. If desired, a deblocking filter may also be applied to filter the decoded blocks in order to remove blockiness artifacts. The decoded video blocks are then stored in buffer 4507, which provides reference blocks for subsequent motion compensation / intra prediction and also produces decoded video for presentation on a display device.
[0094] FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an example encoder 4600. The encoder 4600 is suitable for implementing the techniques of VVC. The encoder 4600 includes three in-loop filters, namely a deblocking filter (DF) 4602, a sample adaptive offset (SAO) 4604, and an adaptive loop filter (ALF) 4606. Unlike the DF 4602, which uses predefined filters, the SAO 4604 and the ALF 4606 utilize the original samples of the current picture to reduce the mean square errors between the original samples and the reconstructed samples by adding an offset and by applying a finite impulse response (FIR) filter, respectively, with coded side information signaling the offsets and filter coefficients. The ALF 4606 is located at the last processing stage of each picture and can be regarded as a tool trying to catch and fix artifacts created by the previous stages.
[0095] The encoder 4600 further includes an intra prediction component 4608 and a motion estimation / compensation (ME / MC) component 4610 configured to receive input video. The intra prediction component 4608 is configured to perform intra prediction, while the ME / MC component 4610 is configured to utilize reference pictures obtained from a reference picture buffer 4612 to perform inter prediction. Residual blocks from inter prediction or intra prediction are fed into a transform (T) component 4614 and a quantization (Q) component 4616 to generate quantized residual transform coefficients, which are fed into an entropy coding component 4618. The entropy coding component 4618 entropy codes the prediction results and the quantized transform coefficients and transmits the same toward a video decoder (not shown) . Quantization components output from the quantization component 4616 may be fed into an inverse quantization (IQ) components 4620, an inverse transform component 4622, and a reconstruction (REC) component 4624. The REC component 4624 is able to output images to the DF 4602, the SAO 4604, and the ALF 4606 for filtering prior to those images being stored in the reference picture buffer 4612.
[0096] A listing of solutions preferred by some examples is provided next.
[0097] The following solutions show examples of techniques discussed herein.
[0098] 1. A method for processing media data comprising: determining to perform a Region-Adaptive Hierarchical Transform (RAHT) operation by applying residue prediction for a red difference chroma (Cr) chroma channel differently for different layers; and performing a conversion between a visual media data and a bitstream based on the RAHT operation.
[0099] 2. The method of solution 1, wherein blue difference chroma (Cb) -Cr prediction is disabled for some specific layers where luma (Y) -Cr prediction is enabled (prediction method A) , or wherein Y-Cr prediction is disabled for some specific layers where Cb-Cr prediction is enabled (prediction method B) .
[0100] 3. The method of any of solutions 1-2, wherein the specific layers for prediction method A or prediction method B are a last N layers, a first N layers, or a middle N layers, or wherein the specific layers for prediction method A or prediction method B, or wherein N is fixed.
[0101] 4. The method of any of solutions 1-3, wherein the specific layers for prediction method A or prediction method B are derived at a decoder, or wherein the specific layers for prediction method A are the layers where prediction method B is not used, or wherein the specific layers for prediction method B are the layers where prediction method A is not used.
[0102] 5. The method of any of solutions 1-4, wherein the bitstream comprises at least one indicator that indicates the specific layers for prediction method A or prediction method B, or the bitstream comprises at least one indicator used to derive the specific layers for prediction method A or prediction method B, or wherein the indicator is signaled to the decoder, or wherein the indicator is coded with fixed-length coding, unary coding, or truncated unary coding, or wherein the indicator is coded in a predictive way.
[0103] 6. The method of any of solutions 1-5, wherein a prediction method for a chroma channel is different for different regions.
[0104] 7. The method of any of solutions 1-6, wherein for local RAHT coding where different regions have their respective local RAHT transform, different regions have different chroma prediction methods, or wherein the prediction method for some specific regions are fixed at the decoder, derived at the decoder, or signalled to the decoder, or wherein the bitstream comprises at least one indicator that indicates the prediction method, or the bitstream comprises at least one indicator used to derive the prediction method, or wherein the indicator is signaled to the decoder, or wherein the indicator is coded with fixed-length coding, unary coding, or truncated unary coding, or wherein the indicator is coded in a predictive way, or wherein the prediction method for each region is conditionally signalled or is conditionally derived.
[0105] 8. The method of any of solutions 1-7, wherein the choice of prediction method is conditioned on the layer, the region, or combinations thereof.
[0106] 9. The method of any of solutions 1-8, wherein the prediction method for chroma channel Cr is different for different nodes.
[0107] 10. The method of any of solutions 1-9, wherein in a layer, the prediction method is specified for each RAHT node or for a group of RAHT nodes, or wherein the prediction method for each node is derived at the decoder or is signalled to the decoder, wherein the bitstream comprises at least one indicator that indicates the prediction method for each node, or the bitstream comprises at least one indicator used to derive the prediction method for each node, or wherein the indicator is signaled to the decoder, or wherein the indicator is coded with fixed-length coding, unary coding, or truncated unary coding, or wherein the indicator is coded in a predictive way, or wherein the prediction method for each node is conditionally signalled or is conditionally derived.
[0108] 11. The method of any of solutions 1-10, wherein the strength of filter coefficients is used to derive the prediction method for a current node where filter coefficients are computed at both encoder and decoder based on neighboring samples.
[0109] 12. The method of any of solutions 1-11, wherein the default prediction method is from to rcr, as long as there is non-zero prediction coefficient αycr, or wherein when the absolute value of a filter coefficient αycr meet a specific condition, then the prediction method is from to rcr where a Cb-Cr prediction method is otherwise used, or wherein the specific condition is the absolute value of filter coefficient αycr is greater than a threshold, the absolute value of filter coefficient αycr is greater than or equal to a threshold, or the absolute value of filter coefficient αycr is within one specific range.
[0110] 13. The method of any of solutions 1-12, wherein the default prediction method is from to rcr, as long as there is non-zero prediction coefficient αcbcr as method B, or wherein when the absolute value of a filter coefficient αcbcr meets a specific condition, then the prediction method is from to rcr where a Y-Cr prediction method is otherwise used, or wherein the specific condition is the absolute value of filter coefficient αcbcr is greater than a threshold, the absolute value of filter coefficient αcbcris greater than or equal to a threshold, or the absolute value of filter coefficient αcbcr is within one specific range.
[0111] 14. The method of any of solutions 1-13, wherein when the absolute value of filter coefficient αycrmeets a specific condition and the absolute values of filter coefficients αcbcr meet a specific condition, then a combination of prediction methods are employed where method A or method B is used otherwise, or wherein the specific condition is the absolute value of filter coefficient αcbcr is greater than a threshold, the absolute value of filter coefficient αcbcris greater than or equal to a threshold, or the absolute value of filter coefficient αcbcr is within one specific range, or wherein the combination is an average of two predictions, or the combination is a weighted average, where the weights may depend on the prediction coefficients.
[0112] 15. The method of any of solutions 1-14, wherein thresholds and specific ranges are fixed, derived at the decoder, or signalled to the decoder, or wherein the bitstream comprises at least one indicator that indicates thresholds and specific ranges, or the bitstream comprises at least one indicator used to derive the thresholds and specific ranges, or wherein the indicator is signaled to the decoder, or wherein the indicator is coded with fixed-length coding, unary coding, or truncated unary coding, or wherein the indicator is coded in a predictive way.
[0113] 16. The method of any of solutions 1-15, wherein which method is enabled is fixed or derived at the decoder, or wherein only method A is enabled, or wherein only method B is enabled, or wherein only a combination of prediction methods is enabled, or wherein both method A and a combination of prediction methods is enabled, or wherein both method B and combination of prediction methods is enabled, or wherein which method is enabled is signalled to the decoder, or wherein the bitstream comprises at least one indicator that indicates which method is enabled, or the bitstream comprises at least one indicator used to derive which method is enabled, or wherein the indicator is signaled to the decoder, or wherein the indicator is coded with fixed-length coding, unary coding, or truncated unary coding, or wherein the indicator is coded in a predictive way.
[0114] 17. The method of any of solutions 1-16, wherein reconstructed neighboring samples are used as a template to evaluate prediction methods, or wherein a best prediction is selected based on a best filtering method on the template, or wherein cross-component and cross-chroma prediction methods are evaluated on the template and the method yielding a least error is used for a current node, or wherein the error could be sum of squared error (SSE) or sum of absolute differences (SAD) , or wherein different weighted combinations of the predictions are evaluated and a best choice of weights is used to fuse predictions for a current node, or wherein a best choice of prediction weights is derived from a template based on regression.
[0115] 18. The method of any of solutions 1-17, wherein the method is applied for other attribute prediction methods, or wherein the method is used in predictive transform attribute coding, in lifting transform attribute coding, for lossless compression only, for lossy compression only, or for both lossless compression and lossy compression.
[0116] 19. The method of any of solutions 1-18, wherein a prediction method is replaced by a residue prediction method.
[0117] 20. The method of any of solutions 1-19, wherein the determination is signaled from in a bitstream, parameter set, header, frame, tile, slice, or octree.
[0118] 21. The method of any of solutions 1-20, wherein application of the determination is dependent on coded information including color format, color component, slice type, or picture type.
[0119] 22. An apparatus for processing video data comprising: a processor; and a non-transitory memory with instructions thereon, wherein the instructions upon execution by the processor, cause the processor to perform the method of any of solutions 1-21.
[0120] 23. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising a computer program product for use by a video coding device, the computer program product comprising computer executable instructions stored on the non-transitory computer readable medium such that when executed by a processor cause the video coding device to perform the method of any of solutions 1-21.
[0121] 24. A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium storing a bitstream of a video which is generated by a method performed by a video processing apparatus, wherein the method comprises: determining to perform a Region-Adaptive Hierarchical Transform (RAHT) operation by applying residue prediction for a red difference chroma (Cr) chroma channel differently for different layers; and generating a bitstream based on the determining.
[0122] 25. A method for storing bitstream of a video comprising: determining to perform a Region-Adaptive Hierarchical Transform (RAHT) operation by applying residue prediction for a red difference chroma (Cr) chroma channel differently for different layers; generating a bitstream based on the determining; and storing the bitstream in a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium.
[0123] 26. A method, apparatus or system described in the present document.
[0124] The following solutions show further examples of techniques discussed herein.
[0125] 1. A method for processing media data comprising: determining to perform a Region-Adaptive Hierarchical Transform (RAHT) operation by applying residue prediction for a red difference chroma (Cr) chroma channel differently for different layers; and performing a conversion between a visual media data and a bitstream based on the RAHT operation.
[0126] 2. The method of solution 1, wherein the RAHT operation uses a first prediction operation such that blue difference chroma (Cb) -Cr prediction is disabled for specific layers where luma (Y) -Cr prediction is enabled, or wherein the RAHT operation uses a second prediction operation such that Y-Cr prediction is disabled for specific layers where Cb-Cr prediction is enabled.
[0127] 3. The method of any of solutions 1-2, wherein the specific layers are a last N layers, a first N layers, or a middle N layers, or wherein the specific layers are fixed, or wherein N is fixed.
[0128] 4. The method of any of solutions 1-3, wherein the specific layers are derived at a decoder, or wherein the specific layers for first prediction operation are the layers where second prediction operation is not used, or wherein the specific layers for the second prediction operation are the layers where the first prediction operation is not used.
[0129] 5. The method of any of solutions 1-4, wherein the bitstream comprises at least one indicator that indicates the specific layers for the first prediction operation or the second prediction operation, or wherein the bitstream comprises at least one indicator used to derive the specific layers for the first prediction operation or the second prediction operation, or wherein the indicator is signaled to the decoder, or wherein the indicator is coded with a variable length encoding, a variable length prefix encoding, a block encoding, a fixed-length encoding, a unary encoding, or a truncated unary encoding, or wherein the indicator is coded in a predictive way.
[0130] 6. The method of any of solutions 1-5, wherein a prediction operation for a chroma channel is different for different regions.
[0131] 7. The method of any of solutions 1-6, wherein for local RAHT coding where different regions have their respective local RAHT transform, different regions have different chroma prediction operations, or wherein a prediction operation for some specific regions are fixed at the decoder, derived at the decoder, or signalled to the decoder, or wherein the bitstream comprises at least one indicator for each region that indicates a prediction operation, or wherein the bitstream comprises at least one indicator used to derive the prediction operation, or wherein the indicator is signaled to the decoder, or wherein the indicator is coded with a variable length encoding, a variable length prefix encoding, a block encoding, a fixed-length encoding, a unary encoding, or a truncated unary encoding, or wherein the indicator is coded in a predictive way, or wherein the prediction operation for each region is conditionally signalled or is conditionally derived.
[0132] 8. The method of any of solutions 1-7, wherein a choice of prediction operation is conditioned on a layer, a region, or a combinations thereof.
[0133] 9. The method of any of solutions 1-8, wherein a prediction operation for chroma channel Cr is different for different nodes.
[0134] 10. The method of any of solutions 1-9, wherein in a layer, a prediction operation is specified for each RAHT node or for a group of RAHT nodes, or wherein a prediction operation for each node is derived at a decoder or is signalled to the decoder, wherein the bitstream comprises at least one indicator that indicates a prediction operation for each node, or the bitstream comprises at least one indicator used to derive a prediction operation for each node, or wherein the indicator is signaled to the decoder, or wherein the indicator is coded with a variable length encoding, a variable length prefix encoding, a block encoding, a fixed-length encoding, a unary encoding, or a truncated unary encoding, or wherein the indicator is coded in a predictive way, or wherein a prediction operation for each node is conditionally signalled or is conditionally derived.
[0135] 11. The method of any of solutions 1-10, wherein a strength of filter coefficients is used to derive a prediction operation for a current node where filter coefficients are computed at both an encoder and a decoder based on neighboring samples.
[0136] 12. The method of any of solutions 1-11, wherein the RAHT operation uses a third prediction operation such that a default prediction operation is from to rcr, as long as there is a non-zero prediction coefficient αycr, or wherein when an absolute value of a filter coefficient αycr meets a specific condition, then a prediction operation is from to rcr where a Cb-Cr prediction operation is otherwise used, or wherein the specific condition is the absolute value of filter coefficient αycr is greater than a threshold, an absolute value of a filter coefficient αycr is greater than or equal to a threshold, or an absolute value of filter coefficient αycr is within one specific range.
[0137] 13. The method of any of solutions 1-12, wherein the RAHT operation uses a fourth prediction operation such that a default prediction operation is from to rcr, as long as there is non-zero prediction coefficient αcbcr, or wherein when an absolute value of a filter coefficient αcbcr meets a specific condition, then a prediction operation is from to rcr where a Y-Cr prediction operation is otherwise used, or wherein the specific condition is an absolute value of a filter coefficient αcbcr is greater than a threshold, an absolute value of a filter coefficient αcbcr is greater than or equal to a threshold, or an absolute value of a filter coefficient αcbcr is within one specific range.
[0138] 14. The method of any of solutions 1-13, wherein the RAHT operation uses a fifth prediction operation such that a default prediction operation is used be from to rcr, as long as there is a non-zero prediction coefficient αycr, or wherein when an absolute value of a filter coefficient αcbcr meets a specific condition then the prediction operation is from to rcr and the default prediction operation is otherwise used, or wherein the specific condition is the absolute value of a filter coefficient αcbcr is greater than a threshold, or wherein the specific condition is an absolute value of a filter coefficient αcbcr is greater than or equal to a threshold, or wherein a specific condition is an absolute value of a filter coefficient αcbcr is less than a threshold, or wherein a specific condition is an absolute value of a filter coefficient αcbcr is less than or equal a threshold, or wherein a specific condition is an absolute value of a filter coefficient αcbcr is within one specific range.
[0139] 15. The method of any of solutions 1-14, wherein the RAHT operation uses a sixth prediction operation such that a default prediction operation is from to rcr, as long as there is a non-zero prediction coefficient αcbcr, or wherein when an absolute value of a filter coefficient αycr meets a specific condition, then a prediction operation is from to rcr and a default prediction operation is otherwise used, or wherein a specific condition is an absolute value of a filter coefficient αycr is greater than a threshold, or wherein a specific condition is an absolute value of a filter coefficient αycr is greater than or equal to a threshold, or wherein a specific condition is an absolute value of a filter coefficient αycr is less than a threshold, or wherein a specific condition is an absolute value of a filter coefficient αycr is less than or equal to a threshold, or wherein a specific condition is an absolute value of s filter coefficient αycr is within one specific range.
[0140] 16. The method of any of solutions 1-15, wherein when an absolute value of a filter coefficient αycrmeets a specific condition and absolute values of filter coefficients αcbcr meet a specific condition, then a combination of prediction operations are employed where the first prediction operation, the second prediction operation, the third prediction operation, the fourth prediction operation, the fifth prediction operation, or the sixth prediction operation is used otherwise, or wherein the specific condition is an absolute value of a filter coefficient αcbcr is greater than a threshold, an absolute value of a filter coefficient αcbcris greater than or equal to a threshold, or an absolute value of a filter coefficient αcbcr is within one specific range, or wherein the specific condition is the absolute value of filter coefficient αycr is greater than a threshold, an absolute value of a filter coefficient αycris greater than or equal to a threshold, or an absolute value of filter coefficient αycr is within one specific range, or wherein the specific condition is an absolute value of a filter coefficient αcbcr is greater than a threshold, an absolute value of a filter coefficient αcbcr is greater than or equal to a threshold, or an absolute value of a filter coefficient αcbcr is within one specific range, or wherein the specific condition is the absolute value of a filter coefficient αcbcr is greater than a threshold, or wherein the specific condition is an absolute value of a filter coefficient αcbcr is greater than or equal to a threshold, or wherein a specific condition is an absolute value of a filter coefficient αcbcr is less than a threshold, or wherein a specific condition is an absolute value of a filter coefficient αcbcr is less than or equal a threshold, or wherein a specific condition is an absolute value of a filter coefficient αcbcr is within one specific range, or wherein a specific condition is an absolute value of a filter coefficient αycr is greater than a threshold, or wherein a specific condition is an absolute value of a filter coefficient αycr is greater than or equal to a threshold, or wherein a specific condition is an absolute value of a filter coefficient αycr is less than a threshold, or wherein a specific condition is an absolute value of a filter coefficient αycr is less than or equal to a threshold, or wherein a specific condition is an absolute value of s filter coefficient αycr is within one specific range, or wherein a combination is an average of two predictions, or a combination is a weighted average, where weights depend on prediction coefficients.
[0141] 17. The method of any of solutions 1-16, wherein thresholds and specific ranges are fixed, derived at a decoder, or signalled to the decoder, or wherein the bitstream comprises at least one indicator that indicates thresholds and specific ranges, or wherein the bitstream comprises at least one indicator used to derive the thresholds and specific ranges, or wherein the indicator is signaled to the decoder, or wherein the indicator is coded with a variable length encoding, a variable length prefix encoding, a block encoding, a fixed-length encoding, a unary encoding, or a truncated unary encoding, or wherein the indicator is coded in a predictive way.
[0142] 18. The method of any of solutions 1-17, wherein which operation is enabled is fixed or derived at a decoder, or wherein only the first prediction operation is enabled, or wherein only the second prediction operation is enabled, or wherein only a combination of prediction operations is enabled, or wherein both the first prediction operation and a combination of prediction operations is enabled, or wherein both the second prediction operation and a combination of prediction operations is enabled, or wherein which prediction operation is enabled is signalled to the decoder, or wherein the bitstream comprises at least one indicator that indicates which prediction operation is enabled, or the bitstream comprises at least one indicator used to derive which prediction operation is enabled, or wherein the indicator is signaled to the decoder, or wherein the indicator is coded with a variable length encoding, a variable length prefix encoding, a block encoding, a fixed-length encoding, a unary encoding, or a truncated unary encoding, or wherein the indicator is coded in a predictive way.
[0143] 19. The method of any of solutions 1-18, wherein only one prediction operation is enabled, or wherein only a combination of prediction operations is enabled, or wherein both one prediction operation and a combination of prediction operations is enabled, or wherein reconstructed neighboring samples are used as a template to evaluate prediction operations, or wherein a best prediction operation is selected based on a best filtering operation on the template, or wherein a cross-component operation and a cross-chroma prediction operation are evaluated on the template and an operation yielding a least error is used for a current node, or wherein an error is a sum of squared error (SSE) or a sum of absolute differences (SAD) , or wherein different weighted combinations of predictions are evaluated and a best choice of weights is used to fuse predictions for a current node, or wherein a best choice of prediction weights is derived from a template based on regression.
[0144] 20. The method of any of solutions 1-19, wherein the first prediction operation, the second prediction operation, the third prediction operation, the fourth prediction operation, the fifth prediction operation, and the sixth operation are applied for other attribute prediction operations, or wherein the first prediction operation, the second prediction operation, the third prediction operation, and the fourth prediction operation are used in predictive transform attribute coding, in lifting transform attribute coding, for lossless compression only, for lossy compression only, or for both lossless compression and lossy compression.
[0145] 21. The method of any of solutions 1-20, wherein a prediction operation is replaced by a residue prediction operation.
[0146] 22. The method of any of solutions 1-21, wherein a determination of whether to and / or how to perform the prediction operations is signaled in a bitstream, a parameter set, a header, frame, a tile, a slice, or an octree.
[0147] 23. The method of any of solutions 1-22, wherein application of the determination is dependent on coded information including color format, color component, slice type, or picture type.
[0148] 24. The method of any of solutions 1-23, wherein a blue difference chroma (Cb) to red difference chroma (Cr) (Cb-Cr) prediction is disabled for one or more last layers when luma (Y) to Cr (Y-Cr) prediction is enabled.
[0149] 25. The method of any of solutions 1-24, wherein local RAHT coding is employed such that different regions have their respective local RAHT transform, and wherein different regions have different chroma prediction operations.
[0150] 26 The method of any of solutions 1-25, wherein prediction operations are specified for each RAHT node in a layer.
[0151] 27. The method of any of solutions 1-26, wherein prediction operations are specified for a group RAHT nodes in a layer.
[0152] 28. The method of any of solutions 1-27, wherein a choice of prediction operation is conditional on layer or region.
[0153] 29. The method of any of solutions 1-28, wherein a strength of filter coefficients is used to determine a choice of prediction operation for a current node, and wherein the filter coefficients are computed based on neighboring samples.
[0154] 30. The method of any of solutions 1-29, wherein when an absolute value of a filter coefficient αycris greater than a threshold, then the prediction operation is from reconstructed luma residue to Cr residue (rcr) .
[0155] 31. The method of any of solutions 1-30, wherein a default choice of prediction operation is from to rcr as long as there is a non-zero Y-Cr prediction coefficient (αycr) .
[0156] 32. The method of any of solutions 1-31, wherein a combination of prediction operations are employed when absolute values of both a αycr and a Cb-Cr prediction coefficient (αcbcr) are greater than a threshold.
[0157] 33. The method of any of solutions 1-32, wherein the combination of prediction operations is an average of two predictions, and wherein the average is a weighted average where weights depend on prediction coefficients.
[0158] 34. The method of any of solutions 1-33, wherein reconstructed neighboring samples are used as a template to evaluate prediction operations and a best prediction operating is decided based on a best filtering operation on the template.
[0159] 35. The method of any of solutions 1-34, wherein a cross-component prediction operation and a cross-chroma prediction operation are evaluated on the template and an operation yielding a least error is used for a current node, and wherein the least error is determined according to sum of squared error (SSE) or sum of absolute differences (SAD) .
[0160] 36. The method of any of solutions 1-35, wherein different weighted combinations of prediction operations are evaluated and a best choice of weights is used to fuse prediction operations for a current node.
[0161] 37. The method of any of solutions 1-36, wherein a best choice of prediction weights is derived from the template based on regression.
[0162] 38. The method of any of solutions 1-37, further comprising performing a predictive transform attribute coding operation, wherein the predictive transform attribute coding operation is applied differently to different layers, regions, or nodes.
[0163] 39. The method of any of solutions 1-38, further comprising performing a lossless compression operation, wherein the lossless compression operation is applied differently to different layers, regions, or nodes.
[0164] 40. The method of any of solutions 1-39, wherein a determination of how to perform the prediction operations is signaled in the bitstream, a frame, a tile, a slice, or an octree.
[0165] 41. The method of any of solutions 1-40, wherein application of the prediction operations is dependent on coded information including dimensions, color format, color component, slice type, or picture type.
[0166] 42. The method of any of solutions 1-41, wherein the conversion includes encoding the video into the bitstream.
[0167] 43. The method of any of solutions 1-41, wherein the conversion includes decoding the video from the bitstream.
[0168] 44. An apparatus for processing video data comprising: a processor; and a non-transitory memory with instructions thereon, wherein the instructions upon execution by the processor, cause the processor to perform the method of any of solutions 1-43.
[0169] 45. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising a computer program product for use by a video coding device, the computer program product comprising computer executable instructions stored on the non-transitory computer readable medium such that when executed by a processor cause the video coding device to perform the method of any of solutions 1-43.
[0170] 46. A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium storing a bitstream of a video which is generated by a method performed by a video processing apparatus, wherein the method comprises: determining to perform a Region-Adaptive Hierarchical Transform (RAHT) operation by applying residue prediction for a red difference chroma (Cr) chroma channel differently for different layers; and generating a bitstream based on the determining.
[0171] 47. A method for storing bitstream of a video comprising: determining to perform a Region-Adaptive Hierarchical Transform (RAHT) operation by applying residue prediction for a red difference chroma (Cr) chroma channel differently for different layers; generating a bitstream based on the determining; and storing the bitstream in a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium. In the solutions described herein, an encoder may conform to the format rule by producing a coded representation according to the format rule. In the solutions described herein, a decoder may use the format rule to parse syntax elements in the coded representation with the knowledge of presence and absence of syntax elements according to the format rule to produce decoded video.
[0172] In the present document, the term “video processing” may refer to video encoding, video decoding, video compression or video decompression. For example, video compression algorithms may be applied during conversion from pixel representation of a video to a corresponding bitstream representation or vice versa. The bitstream representation of a current video block may, for example, correspond to bits that are either co-located or spread in different places within the bitstream, as is defined by the syntax. For example, a macroblock may be encoded in terms of transformed and coded error residual values and also using bits in headers and other fields in the bitstream. Furthermore, during conversion, a decoder may parse a bitstream with the knowledge that some fields may be present, or absent, based on the determination, as is described in the above solutions. Similarly, an encoder may determine that certain syntax fields are or are not to be included and generate the coded representation accordingly by including or excluding the syntax fields from the coded representation.
[0173] The disclosed and other solutions, examples, embodiments, modules and the functional operations described in this document can be implemented in digital electronic circuitry, or in computer software, firmware, or hardware, including the structures disclosed in this document and their structural equivalents, or in combinations of one or more of them. The disclosed and other embodiments can be implemented as one or more computer program products, i.e., one or more modules of computer program instructions encoded on a computer readable medium for execution by, or to control the operation of, data processing apparatus. The computer readable medium can be a machine-readable storage device, a machine-readable storage substrate, a memory device, a composition of matter effecting a machine-readable propagated signal, or a combination of one or more them. The term “data processing apparatus” encompasses all apparatus, devices, and machines for processing data, including by way of example a programmable processor, a computer, or multiple processors or computers. The apparatus can include, in addition to hardware, code that creates an execution environment for the computer program in question, e.g., code that constitutes processor firmware, a protocol stack, a database management system, an operating system, or a combination of one or more of them. A propagated signal is an artificially generated signal, e.g., a machine-generated electrical, optical, or electromagnetic signal, that is generated to encode information for transmission to suitable receiver apparatus.
[0174] A computer program (also known as a program, software, software application, script, or code) can be written in any form of programming language, including compiled or interpreted languages, and it can be deployed in any form, including as a stand-alone program or as a module, component, subroutine, or other unit suitable for use in a computing environment. A computer program does not necessarily correspond to a file in a file system. A program can be stored in a portion of a file that holds other programs or data (e.g., one or more scripts stored in a markup language document) , in a single file dedicated to the program in question, or in multiple coordinated files (e.g., files that store one or more modules, sub programs, or portions of code) . A computer program can be deployed to be executed on one computer or on multiple computers that are located at one site or distributed across multiple sites and interconnected by a communication network.
[0175] The processes and logic flows described in this document can be performed by one or more programmable processors executing one or more computer programs to perform functions by operating on input data and generating output. The processes and logic flows can also be performed by, and apparatus can also be implemented as, special purpose logic circuitry, e.g., an FPGA (field programmable gate array) or an ASIC (application specific integrated circuit) .
[0176] Processors suitable for the execution of a computer program include, by way of example, both general and special purpose microprocessors, and any one or more processors of any kind of digital computer. Generally, a processor will receive instructions and data from a read only memory or a random-access memory or both. The essential elements of a computer are a processor for performing instructions and one or more memory devices for storing instructions and data. Generally, a computer will also include, or be operatively coupled to receive data from or transfer data to, or both, one or more mass storage devices for storing data, e.g., magnetic, magneto optical disks, or optical disks. However, a computer need not have such devices. Computer readable media suitable for storing computer program instructions and data include all forms of non-volatile memory, media and memory devices, including by way of example semiconductor memory devices, e.g., erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM) , electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) , and flash memory devices; magnetic disks, e.g., internal hard disks or removable disks; magneto optical disks; and compact disc read-only memory (CD ROM) and Digital versatile disc-read only memory (DVD-ROM) disks. The processor and the memory can be supplemented by, or incorporated in, special purpose logic circuitry.
[0177] While this patent document contains many specifics, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of any subject matter or of what may be claimed, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments of particular techniques. Certain features that are described in this patent document in the context of separate embodiments can also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment can also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable subcombination. Moreover, although features may be described above as acting in certain combinations and even initially claimed as such, one or more features from a claimed combination can in some cases be excised from the combination, and the claimed combination may be directed to a subcombination or variation of a subcombination.
[0178] Similarly, while operations are depicted in the drawings in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. Moreover, the separation of various system components in the embodiments described in this patent document should not be understood as requiring such separation in all embodiments.
[0179] Only a few implementations and examples are described and other implementations, enhancements and variations can be made based on what is described and illustrated in this patent document.
[0180] A first component is directly coupled to a second component when there are no intervening components, except for a line, a trace, or another medium between the first component and the second component. The first component is indirectly coupled to the second component when there are intervening components other than a line, a trace, or another medium between the first component and the second component. The term “coupled” and its variants include both directly coupled and indirectly coupled. The use of the term “about” means a range including ±10%of the subsequent number unless otherwise stated.
[0181] While several embodiments have been provided in the present disclosure, it should be understood that the disclosed systems and methods might be embodied in many other specific forms without departing from the spirit or scope of the present disclosure. The present examples are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, and the intention is not to be limited to the details given herein. For example, the various elements or components may be combined or integrated in another system or certain features may be omitted, or not implemented.
[0182] In addition, techniques, systems, subsystems, and methods described and illustrated in the various embodiments as discrete or separate may be combined or integrated with other systems, modules, techniques, or methods without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Other items shown or discussed as coupled may be directly connected or may be indirectly coupled or communicating through some interface, device, or intermediate component whether electrically, mechanically, or otherwise. Other examples of changes, substitutions, and alterations are ascertainable by one skilled in the art and could be made without departing from the spirit and scope disclosed herein.
Claims
A method for processing media data comprising:determining to perform a Region-Adaptive Hierarchical Transform (RAHT) operation by applying residue prediction for a red difference chroma (Cr) chroma channel differently for different layers; andperforming a conversion between a visual media data and a bitstream based on the RAHT operation.The method of claim 1, wherein the RAHT operation uses a first prediction operation such that blue difference chroma (Cb) -Cr prediction is disabled for specific layers where luma (Y) -Cr prediction is enabled, or wherein the RAHT operation uses a second prediction operation such that Y-Cr prediction is disabled for specific layers where Cb-Cr prediction is enabled.The method of any of claims 1-2, wherein the specific layers are a last N layers, a first N layers, or a middle N layers, or wherein the specific layers are fixed, or wherein N is fixed.The method of any of claims 1-3, wherein the specific layers are derived at a decoder, or wherein the specific layers for first prediction operation are the layers where second prediction operation is not used, or wherein the specific layers for the second prediction operation are the layers where the first prediction operation is not used.The method of any of claims 1-4, wherein the bitstream comprises at least one indicator that indicates the specific layers for the first prediction operation or the second prediction operation, or wherein the bitstream comprises at least one indicator used to derive the specific layers for the first prediction operation or the second prediction operation, or wherein the indicator is signaled to the decoder, or wherein the indicator is coded with a variable length encoding, a variable length prefix encoding, a block encoding, a fixed-length encoding, a unary encoding, or a truncated unary encoding, or wherein the indicator is coded in a predictive way.The method of any of claims 1-5, wherein a prediction operation for a chroma channel is different for different regions.The method of any of claims 1-6, wherein for local RAHT coding where different regions have their respective local RAHT transform, different regions have different chroma prediction operations, or wherein a prediction operation for some specific regions are fixed at the decoder, derived at the decoder, or signalled to the decoder, or wherein the bitstream comprises at least one indicator for each region that indicates a prediction operation, or wherein the bitstream comprises at least one indicator used to derive the prediction operation, or wherein the indicator is signaled to the decoder, or wherein the indicator is coded with a variable length encoding, a variable length prefix encoding, a block encoding, a fixed-length encoding, a unary encoding, or a truncated unary encoding, or wherein the indicator is coded in a predictive way, or wherein the prediction operation for each region is conditionally signalled or is conditionally derived.The method of any of claims 1-7, wherein a choice of prediction operation is conditioned on a layer, a region, or a combinations thereof.The method of any of claims 1-8, wherein a prediction operation for chroma channel Cr is different for different nodes.The method of any of claims 1-9, wherein in a layer, a prediction operation is specified for each RAHT node or for a group of RAHT nodes, or wherein a prediction operation for each node is derived at a decoder or is signalled to the decoder, wherein the bitstream comprises at least one indicator that indicates a prediction operation for each node, or the bitstream comprises at least one indicator used to derive a prediction operation for each node, or wherein the indicator is signaled to the decoder, or wherein the indicator is coded with a variable length encoding, a variable length prefix encoding, a block encoding, a fixed-length encoding, a unary encoding, or a truncated unary encoding, or wherein the indicator is coded in a predictive way, or wherein a prediction operation for each node is conditionally signalled or is conditionally derived.The method of any of claims 1-10, wherein a strength of filter coefficients is used to derive a prediction operation for a current node where filter coefficients are computed at both an encoder and a decoder based on neighboring samples.The method of any of claims 1-11, wherein the RAHT operation uses a third prediction operation such that a default prediction operation is fromto rcr, as long as there is a non-zero prediction coefficient αycr, or wherein when an absolute value of a filter coefficient αycr meets a specific condition, then a prediction operation is fromto rcr where a Cb-Cr prediction operation is otherwise used, or wherein the specific condition is the absolute value of filter coefficient αycr is greater than a threshold, an absolute value of a filter coefficient αycr is greater than or equal to a threshold, or an absolute value of filter coefficient αycr is within one specific range.The method of any of claims 1-12, wherein the RAHT operation uses a fourth prediction operation such that a default prediction operation is fromto rcr, as long as there is non-zero prediction coefficient αcbcr, or wherein when an absolute value of a filter coefficient αcbcr meets a specific condition, then a prediction operation is fromto rcr where a Y-Cr prediction operation is otherwise used, or wherein the specific condition is an absolute value of a filter coefficient αcbcr is greater than a threshold, an absolute value of a filter coefficient αcbcr is greater than or equal to a threshold, or an absolute value of a filter coefficient αcbcr is within one specific range.The method of any of claims 1-13, wherein the RAHT operation uses a fifth prediction operation such that a default prediction operation is used be fromto rcr, as long as there is a non-zero prediction coefficient αycr, or wherein when an absolute value of a filter coefficient αcbcr meets a specific condition then the prediction operation is fromto rcr and the default prediction operation is otherwise used, or wherein the specific condition is the absolute value of a filter coefficient αcbcr is greater than a threshold, or wherein the specific condition is an absolute value of a filter coefficient αcbcr is greater than or equal to a threshold, or wherein a specific condition is an absolute value of a filter coefficient αcbcr is less than a threshold, or wherein a specific condition is an absolute value of a filter coefficient αcbcr is less than or equal a threshold, or wherein a specific condition is an absolute value of a filter coefficient αcbcr is within one specific range.The method of any of claims 1-14, wherein the RAHT operation uses a sixth prediction operation such that a default prediction operation is fromto rcr, as long as there is a non-zero prediction coefficient αcbcr, or wherein when an absolute value of a filter coefficient αycr meets a specific condition, then a prediction operation is fromto rcr and a default prediction operation is otherwise used, or wherein a specific condition is an absolute value of a filter coefficient αycr is greater than a threshold, or wherein a specific condition is an absolute value of a filter coefficient αycr is greater than or equal to a threshold, or wherein a specific condition is an absolute value of a filter coefficient αycr is less than a threshold, or wherein a specific condition is an absolute value of a filter coefficient αycr is less than or equal to a threshold, or wherein a specific condition is an absolute value of s filter coefficient αycr is within one specific range.The method of any of claims 1-15, wherein when an absolute value of a filter coefficient αycr meets a specific condition and absolute values of filter coefficients αcbcr meet a specific condition, then a combination of prediction operations are employed where the first prediction operation, the second prediction operation, the third prediction operation, the fourth prediction operation, the fifth prediction operation, or the sixth prediction operation is used otherwise, or wherein the specific condition is an absolute value of a filter coefficient αcbcr is greater than a threshold, an absolute value of a filter coefficient αcbcris greater than or equal to a threshold, or an absolute value of a filter coefficient αcbcr is within one specific range, or wherein the specific condition is the absolute value of filter coefficient αycr is greater than a threshold, an absolute value of a filter coefficient αycr is greater than or equal to a threshold, or an absolute value of filter coefficient αycr is within one specific range, or wherein the specific condition is an absolute value of a filter coefficient αcbcr is greater than a threshold, an absolute value of a filter coefficient αcbcr is greater than or equal to a threshold, or an absolute value of a filter coefficient αcbcr is within one specific range, or wherein the specific condition is the absolute value of a filter coefficient αcbcr is greater than a threshold, or wherein the specific condition is an absolute value of a filter coefficient αcbcr is greater than or equal to a threshold, or wherein a specific condition is an absolute value of a filter coefficient αcbcr is less than a threshold, or wherein a specific condition is an absolute value of a filter coefficient αcbcr is less than or equal a threshold, or wherein a specific condition is an absolute value of a filter coefficient αcbcr is within one specific range, or wherein a specific condition is an absolute value of a filter coefficient αycr is greater than a threshold, or wherein a specific condition is an absolute value of a filter coefficient αycr is greater than or equal to a threshold, or wherein a specific condition is an absolute value of a filter coefficient αycr is less than a threshold, or wherein a specific condition is an absolute value of a filter coefficient αycr is less than or equal to a threshold, or wherein a specific condition is an absolute value of s filter coefficient αycr is within one specific range, or wherein a combination is an average of two predictions, or a combination is a weighted average, where weights depend on prediction coefficients.The method of any of claims 1-16, wherein thresholds and specific ranges are fixed, derived at a decoder, or signalled to the decoder, or wherein the bitstream comprises at least one indicator that indicates thresholds and specific ranges, or wherein the bitstream comprises at least one indicator used to derive the thresholds and specific ranges, or wherein the indicator is signaled to the decoder, or wherein the indicator is coded with a variable length encoding, a variable length prefix encoding, a block encoding, a fixed-length encoding, a unary encoding, or a truncated unary encoding, or wherein the indicator is coded in a predictive way.The method of any of claims 1-17, wherein which operation is enabled is fixed or derived at a decoder, or wherein only the first prediction operation is enabled, or wherein only the second prediction operation is enabled, or wherein only a combination of prediction operations is enabled, or wherein both the first prediction operation and a combination of prediction operations is enabled, or wherein both the second prediction operation and a combination of prediction operations is enabled, or wherein which prediction operation is enabled is signalled to the decoder, or wherein the bitstream comprises at least one indicator that indicates which prediction operation is enabled, or the bitstream comprises at least one indicator used to derive which prediction operation is enabled, or wherein the indicator is signaled to the decoder, or wherein the indicator is coded with a variable length encoding, a variable length prefix encoding, a block encoding, a fixed-length encoding, a unary encoding, or a truncated unary encoding, or wherein the indicator is coded in a predictive way.The method of any of claims 1-18, wherein only one prediction operation is enabled, or wherein only a combination of prediction operations is enabled, or wherein both one prediction operation and a combination of prediction operations is enabled, or wherein reconstructed neighboring samples are used as a template to evaluate prediction operations, or wherein a best prediction operation is selected based on a best filtering operation on the template, or wherein a cross-component operation and a cross-chroma prediction operation are evaluated on the template and an operation yielding a least error is used for a current node, or wherein an error is a sum of squared error (SSE) or a sum of absolute differences (SAD) , or wherein different weighted combinations of predictions are evaluated and a best choice of weights is used to fuse predictions for a current node, or wherein a best choice of prediction weights is derived from a template based on regression.The method of any of claims 1-19, wherein the first prediction operation, the second prediction operation, the third prediction operation, the fourth prediction operation, the fifth prediction operation, and the sixth operation are applied for other attribute prediction operations, or wherein the first prediction operation, the second prediction operation, the third prediction operation, and the fourth prediction operation are used in predictive transform attribute coding, in lifting transform attribute coding, for lossless compression only, for lossy compression only, or for both lossless compression and lossy compression.The method of any of claims 1-20, wherein a prediction operation is replaced by a residue prediction operation.The method of any of claims 1-21, wherein a determination of whether to and / or how to perform the prediction operations is signaled in a bitstream, a parameter set, a header, frame, a tile, a slice, or an octree.The method of any of claims 1-22, wherein application of the determination is dependent on coded information including color format, color component, slice type, or picture type.The method of any of claims 1-23, wherein a blue difference chroma (Cb) to red difference chroma (Cr) (Cb-Cr) prediction is disabled for one or more last layers when luma (Y) to Cr (Y-Cr) prediction is enabled.The method of any of claims 1-24, wherein local RAHT coding is employed such that different regions have their respective local RAHT transform, and wherein different regions have different chroma prediction operations.The method of any of claims 1-25, wherein prediction operations are specified for each RAHT node in a layer.The method of any of claims 1-26, wherein prediction operations are specified for a group RAHT nodes in a layer.The method of any of claims 1-27, wherein a choice of prediction operation is conditional on layer or region.The method of any of claims 1-28, wherein a strength of filter coefficients is used to determine a choice of prediction operation for a current node, and wherein the filter coefficients are computed based on neighboring samples.The method of any of claims 1-29, wherein when an absolute value of a filter coefficient αycr is greater than a threshold, then the prediction operation is from reconstructed luma residueto Cr residue (rcr) .The method of any of claims 1-30, wherein a default choice of prediction operation is fromto rcr as long as there is a non-zero Y-Cr prediction coefficient (αycr) .The method of any of claims 1-31, wherein a combination of prediction operations are employed when absolute values of both a αycr and a Cb-Cr prediction coefficient (αcbcr) are greater than a threshold.The method of any of claims 1-32, wherein the combination of prediction operations is an average of two predictions, and wherein the average is a weighted average where weights depend on prediction coefficients.The method of any of claims 1-33, wherein reconstructed neighboring samples are used as a template to evaluate prediction operations and a best prediction operating is decided based on a best filtering operation on the template.The method of any of claims 1-34, wherein a cross-component prediction operation and a cross-chroma prediction operation are evaluated on the template and an operation yielding a least error is used for a current node, and wherein the least error is determined according to sum of squared error (SSE) or sum of absolute differences (SAD) .The method of any of claims 1-35, wherein different weighted combinations of prediction operations are evaluated and a best choice of weights is used to fuse prediction operations for a current node.The method of any of claims 1-36, wherein a best choice of prediction weights is derived from the template based on regression.The method of any of claims 1-37, further comprising performing a predictive transform attribute coding operation, wherein the predictive transform attribute coding operation is applied differently to different layers, regions, or nodes.The method of any of claims 1-38, further comprising performing a lossless compression operation, wherein the lossless compression operation is applied differently to different layers, regions, or nodes.The method of any of claims 1-39, wherein a determination of how to perform the prediction operations is signaled in the bitstream, a frame, a tile, a slice, or an octree.The method of any of claims 1-40, wherein application of the prediction operations is dependent on coded information including dimensions, color format, color component, slice type, or picture type.The method of any of claims 1-41, wherein the conversion includes encoding the video into the bitstream.The method of any of claims 1-41, wherein the conversion includes decoding the video from the bitstream.An apparatus for processing video data comprising: a processor; and a non-transitory memory with instructions thereon, wherein the instructions upon execution by the processor, cause the processor to perform the method of any of claims 1-43.A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising a computer program product for use by a video coding device, the computer program product comprising computer executable instructions stored on the non-transitory computer readable medium such that when executed by a processor cause the video coding device to perform the method of any of claims 1-43.A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium storing a bitstream of a video which is generated by a method performed by a video processing apparatus, wherein the method comprises:determining to perform a Region-Adaptive Hierarchical Transform (RAHT) operation by applying residue prediction for a red difference chroma (Cr) chroma channel differently for different layers; andgenerating a bitstream based on the determining.A method for storing bitstream of a video comprising:determining to perform a Region-Adaptive Hierarchical Transform (RAHT) operation by applying residue prediction for a red difference chroma (Cr) chroma channel differently for different layers;generating a bitstream based on the determining; andstoring the bitstream in a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium.
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