Spectroscopic device, continuous oscillation super radiant laser device, and spectroscopic method

Abstract

A spectroscopic device 1 comprises: a first atomic movement path 11 that is provided with an atom supply unit 10; a second atomic movement path 12 that, at a finite angle, intersects the first atomic movement path 11 at a first intersection position P1; a third atomic movement path 13 that, at a finite angle, intersects the second atomic movement path 12 at a second intersection position P2; and a clock laser light source 20 that supplies a clock laser L20 which propagates in a direction opposite to or the same as that of the movement of atoms on the second atomic movement path 12. A spectroscopic region SP where the clock laser L20 causes excitation of clock transition in atoms is formed between the first intersection position P1 and the second intersection position P2 on the second atomic movement path 12.

Description

Spectroscopic device, continuous wave superradiant laser device and spectroscopic method

[0001] The present invention relates to a spectroscopic device, a continuous wave superradiant laser device and a spectroscopic method.

[0002] Rabi spectroscopy and Ramsey spectroscopy are known as spectroscopic methods for precisely investigating the properties of atoms (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 1). Hereinafter, in this specification, transitions of states including atoms, molecules, and ions are referred to as "atomic transitions."

[0003] In these spectroscopy methods, atoms are excited by irradiating them with pulses of coherent excitation light (probe light). The transition probability of the atoms changes sharply depending on the frequency of the probe light, so by measuring the transition probability, the transition frequency can be observed with high precision.

[0004] Another background technology of the present invention is the optical lattice clock. The optical lattice clock is an atomic clock proposed by the present inventor in 2001. High-precision atomic clocks not only support the development of science and technology through precision measurements, but also play an important role as infrastructure systems that support modern society, such as satellite-based navigation systems and the construction of high-capacity, high-speed communication networks. Since 1967, when the "second" was defined as the transition frequency of the microwave transition of the cesium atom, cesium atomic clocks have been used as the standard for time and frequency for half a century. During that time, the introduction of laser cooling technology and the development of atomic fountain clocks have improved the accuracy of cesium atomic clocks by a single digit every decade, and they now have an uncertainty of approximately 15 digits, which is shared worldwide as international atomic time.

[0005] Meanwhile, recent research into atomic clocks has been shifting toward the development of optical clocks based on atomic transitions in the optical frequency domain, along with the rapid development of optical frequency control technologies such as optical frequency combs, narrow-linewidth laser sources, and optical fiber frequency transmission. The accuracy of a clock is proportional to the reference frequency. For this reason, optical clocks based on optical frequencies can achieve precision several orders of magnitude higher than that of cesium clocks based on microwaves.

[0006] The optical lattice clock, proposed by the inventor in 2001, is an atomic clock that can achieve high accuracy in a short time by using the optical resonance frequency of millions of atoms trapped in an optical lattice generated by laser light as a reference. Optical lattice clocks are positioned as next-generation atomic clocks that can achieve 18-digit accuracy, far exceeding the accuracy of cesium clocks, in a short averaging time of just a few seconds.

[0007] In general, the principle of an optical atomic clock is to irradiate an atom with laser light and control the optical frequency of the laser light so that it always resonates with the atomic resonant transition that serves as the clock's reference, thereby realizing an atom's own invariant frequency or time. However, to realize an accurate clock, it is necessary to eliminate perturbations surrounding the atom and accurately read its frequency. Particularly important is the elimination of the frequency shift caused by the Doppler effect due to the thermal motion of the atom.

[0008] Optical lattice clocks, a type of optical atomic clock, completely freeze the movement of atoms by confining them in a tiny space created by the interference of laser light. However, when atoms are confined with laser light, the laser light shifts the resonant frequency of the atoms. By selecting a specific wavelength called the "magic wavelength" that offsets this, the effect of the optical lattice itself can be eliminated. In fact, magic wavelengths have been determined theoretically and experimentally for strontium, ytterbium, mercury, cadmium, magnesium, and other elements.

[0009] To evaluate the accuracy of the realized clock and link the frequency of the optical lattice clock to International Atomic Time, the absolute frequency of the resonance transition of strontium atoms was measured. This measurement was subsequently confirmed to be reproducible by follow-up tests conducted by research institutes in the United States and France, and in 2006, optical lattice clocks using strontium atoms were adopted as the "second representation of the second" as a leading candidate for the redefinition of the second. As the accuracy of optical lattice clocks improves, the uncertainty of cesium clocks has begun to limit their measurement accuracy. Therefore, in order to conduct even more accurate evaluations, it is essential to develop multiple optical lattice clocks and directly compare them.

[0010] Recent optical lattice clock technologies are disclosed in, for example, Patent Documents 1 to 3. Patent Document 1 describes a "moving optical lattice" that traps atoms near the lattice points of an optical lattice and transports them by moving them along an atomic migration path. Patent Document 2 describes a method for setting an effective magic frequency. Patent Document 3 describes a radiation shield that reduces the effects of blackbody radiation emitted from surrounding walls.

[0011] The next step in the application of optical lattice clocks is to explore new applications for high-precision clocks and put them to practical use. If clock measurements with 18-digit precision become possible, for example, a slight difference in height of 1 cm on the ground could be detected as a deviation in the passage of time due to the general relativity effect of gravity. By utilizing these relativistic effects, high-precision clocks can be used as precision measurement tools to probe new worlds, such as high-precision gravitational potential meters. For example, if optical lattice clocks could be made portable and used in the field, they could be applied to new geodesic technologies, such as underground resource exploration, detection of underground cavities, and magma reservoirs. Furthermore, mass-produced, highly reliable miniature clocks could be deployed in various locations to continuously monitor temporal variations in gravitational potential, potentially enabling applications in detecting crustal movements and spatial mapping of gravitational fields. It is anticipated that miniaturization and portability of clocks will contribute to society as a new fundamental technology.

[0012] International Publication No. 2014 / 027637 JP 2018-510494 A JP 2019-129166 A International Publication No. 2022 / 181408

[0013] F. Riehle, “Frequency standards: basics and applications” John Wiley & Sons (2006), ISBN: 978-3-527-60595-8G. Santarelli, C. Audoin, A. Makdissi, P. Laurent, G.J. Dick, A. Clairon, “Frequency stability degradation of an oscillator slaved to a periodically interrogated atomic resonator”, IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control, 45 (1998) 887-894.Hidetoshi Katori, “Longitudinal Ramsey spectroscopy of atoms for continuous operation of optical clocks”, Applied Physics Express 14, 072006 (2021).T. Kishimoto, H. Hachisu, J. Fujiki, K. Nagato, M. Yasuda, H. Katori, “Electrodynamic trapping of spinless neutral atoms with an atom chip”, Physical Review Letters, 96 (2006) 123001.R. H. Dicke, “Coherence in Spontaneous Radiation Processes” Phys. Rev. 93, 99 (1954)

[0014] In Ramsey spectroscopy, atoms interact with excitation light twice. It is known that the greater the temporal or spatial separation between these interactions, the higher the measurement accuracy of spectroscopic measurements. However, when the excitation light is spatially separated, the mechanical stability of the mirrors that split and reflect the light degrades the coherence of the excitation light. Therefore, the greater the separation in order to improve accuracy, the greater the mechanical stability of the mirrors required. This makes it difficult to maintain coherence. On the other hand, when the excitation light is temporally separated, the issue of the mirror's mechanical stability is eliminated. However, it is also necessary to temporally separate Ramsey spectroscopy and atomic state detection. In this case, it is known that a stability limit known as the Dick noise limit occurs due to the inability to perform continuous frequency measurements and the time required for generating, capturing, and state detection of ultracold atoms, which is wasted time relative to Ramsey spectroscopy (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 2). Thus, conventional methods using Rabi spectroscopy or Ramsey spectroscopy make it difficult to perform continuous, high-precision frequency measurements. Furthermore, the longer the interaction time between atoms and laser light is, the higher the frequency stability required for the laser light to improve measurement accuracy. Generating such laser light requires a reference optical resonator several tens of centimeters long, which increases the size of the device. In other words, using conventional spectroscopic techniques, it is difficult to measure atomic transition frequencies with high precision using compact equipment.

[0015] To solve these problems, the inventors developed an electronic state splitter comprising a first optical lattice laser source, a second optical lattice laser source, an atomic migration path, an atom supply unit that supplies atoms migrating at a constant speed along the atomic migration path, a clock laser source that supplies a clock laser into the atomic migration path that propagates coaxially with the atomic migration path in either the opposite or the same direction as the atomic motion, and a magnetic field generator (see, for example, Patent Document 4 or Non-Patent Document 3). In this electronic state splitter, the first optical lattice laser source and the second optical lattice laser source supply a pair of optical lattice lasers that travel in opposite directions along the atomic migration path, thereby forming an optical lattice of standing waves. This optical lattice is a moving optical lattice that moves along the atomic migration path. The magnetic field generator generates a magnetic field in the atomic migration path that is perpendicular to the atomic migration path, causing wave function mixing with an electronic state that allows electric dipole transitions. This enables excitation of clock transitions by the clock laser.

[0016] This electronic state splitter has the unique feature that the clock laser propagation direction and the atomic motion direction are coaxial. This results in "longitudinal excitation" of the atoms. In contrast, in conventional Ramsey spectroscopy, the clock laser propagation direction and the atomic motion direction are orthogonal (i.e., the atoms are "transversely excited"). This requires the use of multiple clock lasers with a fixed mechanical phase relationship. In contrast, the inventor's proposed method using longitudinal excitation of atoms (hereinafter referred to as "longitudinal excitation Ramsey spectroscopy") allows a single clock laser to cover the entire atomic beam, eliminating the need for mechanical stability required to determine the phase relationship between multiple clock lasers as in the conventional method. This enables highly accurate atomic transition frequency measurements to be achieved using a compact device.

[0017] The advantages of longitudinal excitation Ramsey spectroscopy are further explained. Laser spectroscopy in an optical lattice is ideal for precision spectroscopy because it does not suffer from the Doppler effect due to the Lamb-Dicke binding. Continuous laser phase measurements can improve the stability of atomic clocks by 1 / τ (τ is the integration time). However, atoms have a finite lifetime of approximately 10 seconds due to collisions with residual gas in the optical lattice. Therefore, continuous operation requires the loading of atoms. This requires the extraction of atoms from a cold atom device using a moving optical lattice. To satisfy the Lamb-Dicke binding requirement, spectroscopy must be performed coaxially with the moving optical lattice. In longitudinal excitation spectroscopy, the loading position of cold atoms into the moving optical lattice is also a target for spectroscopy. Therefore, atoms shifted by the cooling light interfere with precision spectroscopy, which has been a problem. In contrast, longitudinal excitation Ramsey spectroscopy allows us to define the Ramsey spectroscopy region by removing atoms shifted by the cooling light from the target for spectroscopy.

[0018] However, in the longitudinal excitation Ramsey spectroscopy disclosed in Patent Document 4, it is necessary to generate a magnetic field to define the spectroscopic region, which is one of the remaining issues. In other words, if it were possible to define a spectroscopic region in which atoms that have been optically shifted by cooling light are removed from the spectroscopic target without requiring a magnetic field, further effects such as further improvement in spectroscopic accuracy and miniaturization of the device could be expected.

[0019] In order to solve the above problems, a spectroscopic device according to one aspect of the present invention includes a first atom transfer path having an atom supply unit, a second atom transfer path that intersects with the first atom transfer path at a first intersection position at a finite angle, a third atom transfer path that intersects with the second atom transfer path at a second intersection position at a finite angle, and a clock laser light source that supplies a clock laser that propagates to the second atom transfer path in the same direction as or counter to the movement of the atoms. A spectroscopic region is formed between the first and second intersection positions on the second atom transfer path in which the clock laser excites the atoms to a clock transition.

[0020] Another aspect of the present invention is also a spectroscopic device comprising: an atom supply unit, a first atom transfer path, a first optical lattice laser light source for the first atom transfer path, a second optical lattice laser light source for the second first atom transfer path, a second atom transfer path, a first optical lattice laser light source for the second second atom transfer path, a third atom transfer path, a first optical lattice laser light source for the third atom transfer path, an optical lattice laser light source for the second third atom transfer path, and a first clock laser light source. The atom supplier supplies atoms that move at a constant speed along the first atom migration path, the first optical lattice laser light source for the first atom migration path and the second optical lattice laser light source for the first atom migration path supply a pair of optical lattice lasers that move in opposite directions along the first atom migration path and have optical frequencies shifted from each other, thereby forming a first moving optical lattice of standing waves that move along the first atom migration path, the first optical lattice laser light source for the second atom migration path and the second optical lattice laser light source for the second atom migration path supply a pair of optical lattice lasers that move in opposite directions along the second atom migration path and have optical frequencies shifted from each other, thereby forming a second moving optical lattice of standing waves that move along the second atom migration path, and the first optical lattice laser light source for the third atom migration path The laser light source and the second optical lattice laser light source for the third atom migration path supply a pair of optical lattice lasers that travel in opposite directions along the third atom migration path, with the optical lattice lasers having optical frequencies shifted from each other, thereby forming a third moving optical lattice of standing waves that travel along the third atom migration path, and the first clock laser light source supplies a first clock laser into the second atom migration path that propagates coaxially with the second atom migration path in either the opposite direction or the same direction as the movement of the atoms, the first atom migration path and the second atom migration path intersect at a first intersection position at a finite angle, and the second atom migration path and the third atom migration path intersect at a second intersection position at a finite angle, and a spectroscopic region is formed between the first intersection position and the second intersection position in which the first clock laser excites the atoms to a clock transition.

[0021] In some embodiments, the spectroscopic device may include a first magnetic shield between the first intersection position and the second intersection position for forming a first spectroscopic region in the second atom migration path when a magnetic field is present in the vicinity.

[0022] In some embodiments, the spectroscopic device may comprise a magnetic field generator for generating a magnetic field in its vicinity.

[0023] In some embodiments, the spectroscopic device may include a second magnetic shield after the second intersection location for forming a second spectroscopic region in the third atom movement path.

[0024] In some embodiments, the spectroscopic device may further comprise a second clock laser source within the third atom movement path for providing a second clock laser propagating coaxially with the third atom movement path in either a counter-directional or co-directional manner with respect to the movement of the atoms.

[0025] In some embodiments, the spectroscopic device may have different intensities for the first and second clock lasers, thereby setting different interaction times for the first and second spectroscopic regions, thereby obtaining a broadband control signal and a narrowband, high-precision control signal, respectively.

[0026] In some embodiments, the spectroscopic device may be configured such that an optical lattice laser forming a moving optical lattice in the first atom transfer path, the second atom transfer path, or the third atom transfer path is set to a magic frequency that does not cause a Stark shift of the clock transition.

[0027] In some embodiments, the above spectroscopic device may be configured such that, at the first crossing position, the polarization directions of the electric field formed in the first atom migration path and the electric field formed in the second atom migration path are aligned, or, at the second crossing position, the polarization directions of the electric field formed in the second atom migration path and the electric field formed in the third atom migration path are aligned. By aligning the polarizations at the crossing position, an interference effect increases the potential depth of the optical lattice, thereby increasing the efficiency of atom migration between the crossing and migration optical lattices.

[0028] Yet another aspect of the present invention is also a spectroscopic device. This device includes an atom supplier, a first atom transfer path, an optical lattice laser light source for the first atom transfer path, a second atom transfer path, a third atom transfer path, an optical lattice laser light source for the third atom transfer path, and a first clock laser light source. One end of the first atom transfer path and one end of the second atom transfer path are optically connected, and one end of the third atom transfer path and the other end of the second atom transfer path are optically connected. The atom supplier supplies atoms that move along the first atom transfer path at a constant speed, and the optical lattice laser light source for the first atom transfer path and the optical lattice laser light source for the third atom transfer path supply pairs of optical lattice lasers that travel in opposite directions along the first atom transfer path, the second atom transfer path, and the third atom transfer path, and have optical frequencies shifted from each other, thereby controlling the first atom transfer path. a moving optical lattice of standing waves moving along a first atomic migration path, a second atomic migration path and a third atomic migration path is formed, and a first clock laser light source supplies a first clock laser into the second atomic migration path, propagating coaxially with the second atomic migration path in a direction opposite to or the same as the movement of the atoms, the first atomic migration path and the second atomic migration path intersect at a first intersection position at a finite angle, and the second atomic migration path and the third atomic migration path intersect at a second intersection position at a finite angle, and a spectroscopic region is formed between the first intersection position and the second intersection position in which the first clock laser excites the atoms to a clock transition.

[0029] In some embodiments, the spectroscopic device may comprise a magnetic field generator for generating a magnetic field in its vicinity.

[0030] In some embodiments, the spectroscopic device may include a first magnetic shield between the first and second intersection positions for forming a first spectroscopic region on the second atomic migration path, and a second magnetic shield after the second intersection position for forming a second spectroscopic region on the third atomic migration path.

[0031] In some embodiments, the spectroscopic device may further comprise a second clock laser source within the third atom movement path for providing a second clock laser propagating coaxially with the third atom movement path in either a counter-directional or co-directional manner with respect to the movement of the atoms.

[0032] In some embodiments, the spectroscopic device may obtain a wideband control signal and a narrowband and high-precision control signal by setting different intensities of the first and second clock lasers, thereby setting different interaction times for the first and second spectroscopic regions.

[0033] Yet another aspect of the present invention is also a spectroscopic device, comprising: an optical resonator including a first atom transfer path having an atom supply unit, a second atom transfer path, and a third atom transfer path as optical paths; a first optical lattice laser light source; a second optical lattice laser light source; and a first clock laser light source. The atom supplier supplies atoms that move at a constant speed along a first atomic migration path, and the first optical lattice laser light source and the second optical lattice laser light source supply a pair of optical lattice lasers that travel in opposite directions within the optical resonator and have optical frequencies shifted from each other, thereby forming a moving optical lattice of standing waves that move along the first atomic migration path, the second atomic migration path, and the third atomic migration path, and the first clock laser light source supplies a first clock laser into the second atomic migration path that propagates coaxially with the second atomic migration path in either the opposite direction or the same direction as the movement of the atoms, and the first atomic migration path and the second atomic migration path intersect at a first intersection position at a finite angle, and the second atomic migration path and the third atomic migration path intersect at a second intersection position at a finite angle, and a spectroscopic region is formed between the first intersection position and the second intersection position in which the first clock laser excites the atoms to a clock transition.

[0034] In some embodiments, the spectroscopic device may comprise a magnetic field generator for generating a magnetic field in its vicinity.

[0035] In some embodiments, the spectroscopic device may include a first magnetic shield between the first and second intersection positions for forming a first spectroscopic region on the second atomic migration path, and a second magnetic shield after the second intersection position for forming a second spectroscopic region on the third atomic migration path.

[0036] In some embodiments, the spectroscopic device may further comprise a second clock laser source within the third atom movement path for providing a second clock laser propagating coaxially with the third atom movement path in either a counter-directional or co-directional manner with respect to the movement of the atoms.

[0037] In some embodiments, the spectroscopic device may obtain a wideband control signal and a narrowband and high-precision control signal by setting different intensities of the first and second clock lasers, thereby setting different interaction times for the first and second spectroscopic regions.

[0038] In some embodiments, the optical resonator may be a ring optical resonator.

[0039] Yet another aspect of the present invention is also a spectroscopic device comprising: a first optical resonator including, as optical paths, a first atom transfer path having an atom supply unit and a third atom transfer path, a second optical resonator including, as an optical path, a first first optical lattice laser light source that supplies an optical lattice laser to the first optical resonator, a second first optical lattice laser light source, a first second optical lattice laser light source that supplies an optical lattice laser to the second optical resonator, a second second optical lattice laser light source, and a first clock laser light source. The atom supplier supplies atoms that move at a constant speed along the first atom movement path, the first first optical lattice laser light source and the second first optical lattice laser light source supply a pair of optical lattice lasers that move in opposite directions within the first optical resonator and have optical frequencies shifted from each other, thereby forming a moving optical lattice of standing waves that move along the first atom movement path and the third atom movement path, and the first second optical lattice laser light source and the second second optical lattice laser light source supply a pair of optical lattice lasers that move in opposite directions within the second optical resonator and have optical frequencies shifted from each other. a pair of lasers is supplied to form a moving optical lattice of standing waves that moves along the second atomic migration path, and the first clock laser source supplies a first clock laser into the second atomic migration path, propagating coaxially with the second atomic migration path in either the opposite direction or the same direction as the atomic movement, the first atomic migration path and the second atomic migration path intersect at a first intersection position at a finite angle, and the second atomic migration path and the third atomic migration path intersect at a second intersection position at a finite angle, and a spectroscopic region is formed between the first intersection position and the second intersection position in which the first clock laser excites the atoms to a clock transition.

[0040] In some embodiments, the spectroscopic device may be configured such that the first optical resonator and the second optical resonator can individually set the potential depth of the optical lattice suitable for atom loading and atom spectroscopic analysis, respectively.

[0041] In some embodiments, the spectroscopic device may comprise a magnetic field generator for generating a magnetic field in its vicinity.

[0042] In some embodiments, the spectroscopic device may include a first magnetic shield between the first and second intersection positions for forming a first spectroscopic region on the second atomic migration path, and a second magnetic shield after the second intersection position for forming a second spectroscopic region on the third atomic migration path.

[0043] In some embodiments, the spectroscopic device may further comprise a second clock laser source within the third atom movement path for providing a second clock laser propagating coaxially with the third atom movement path in either a counter-directional or co-directional manner with respect to the movement of the atoms.

[0044] In some embodiments, the spectroscopic device may obtain a wideband control signal and a narrowband and high-precision control signal by setting different intensities of the first and second clock lasers, thereby setting different interaction times for the first and second spectroscopic regions.

[0045] In some embodiments, the spectroscopic device may be such that the first optical resonator is a square optical resonator and the second optical resonator is a triangular optical resonator.

[0046] In some embodiments, the spectroscopic device may be configured such that the first optical resonator and the second optical resonator are triangular optical resonators.

[0047] In some embodiments, the spectroscopic device may include a light shield to prevent the cooling light from entering the spectroscopic region.

[0048] In some embodiments, the spectroscopic device may include a magnetic shield surrounding the spectroscopic region.

[0049] In some embodiments, the spectroscopic device may have a light-absorbing coating on the inner wall of the magnetic shield.

[0050] In some embodiments, the spectroscopic device may include a blackbody radiation shield surrounding the spectroscopic region.

[0051] In some embodiments, the spectroscopic device may have a light-absorbing coating on the inner wall of the blackbody radiation shield.

[0052] Yet another aspect of the present invention is a continuous wave superradiant laser device comprising a first optical resonator including, as optical paths, a first atom transfer path having an atom supply section and a third atom transfer path, a second optical resonator including, as an optical path, a first first optical lattice laser light source that supplies an optical lattice laser to the first optical resonator, a second first optical lattice laser light source, a first second optical lattice laser light source that supplies an optical lattice laser to the second optical resonator, and a second second optical lattice laser light source. The atom supplier supplies atoms that move at a constant speed along the first atom movement path, the first first optical lattice laser light source and the second first optical lattice laser light source supply a pair of optical lattice lasers that move in opposite directions within the first optical resonator and have optical frequencies shifted from each other, thereby forming a moving optical lattice of standing waves that move along the first atom movement path and the third atom movement path, and the first second optical lattice laser light source and the second second optical lattice laser light source move in opposite directions within the second optical resonator. By supplying a pair of optical lattice lasers whose optical frequencies are shifted from each other, a moving optical lattice of standing waves moving along a second atomic migration path is formed, the first atomic migration path and the second atomic migration path intersect at a first intersection position at a finite angle, the second atomic migration path and the third atomic migration path intersect at a finite angle at a second intersection position, a clock transition space is formed between the first intersection position and the second intersection position, and continuous oscillation of a superradiant laser is generated in a second optical resonator including the clock transition space.

[0053] In some embodiments, the continuous wave superradiant laser device may further include a first magnetic shield for forming a first clock transition space in the second atom transfer path, a second magnetic shield for forming a second clock transition space in the third atom transfer path, a magnetic field generator, and a pump region. A first superradiant laser may be continuously oscillated in a second optical resonator including the first clock transition space, and a second superradiant laser may be continuously oscillated in a first optical resonator including the second clock transition space.

[0054] Yet another aspect of the present invention is a spectroscopy method using a spectroscopic device, the spectroscopic device comprising: a first atom transfer path having an atom supply unit; a second atom transfer path intersecting the first atom transfer path at a finite angle at a first intersection position; a third atom transfer path intersecting the second atom transfer path at a finite angle at a second intersection position; and a clock laser light source that supplies a clock laser to the second atom transfer path, the method including the steps of: S1 using the atom supply unit to supply atoms moving at a constant speed along the first atom transfer path; S2 using the clock laser light source to supply, into the second atom transfer path, a clock laser that propagates coaxially with the second atom transfer path in either the counter- or the same direction as the movement of the atoms; and S3 forming a spectroscopy region on the second atom transfer path between the first and second intersection positions, in which the clock laser excites clock transitions in the atoms.

[0055] Any combination of the above components, and any transformation of the present invention into an apparatus, method, system, recording medium, computer program, etc., are also valid aspects of the present invention.

[0056] According to the present invention, it is possible to define a longitudinal excitation spectroscopy region in which atoms that have undergone optical shift due to cooling light are excluded from the spectroscopy target. Examples of longitudinal excitation spectroscopy include longitudinal excitation Rabi spectroscopy and longitudinal excitation Ramsey spectroscopy.

[0057] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an atomic transition frequency measuring device using Ramsey spectroscopy according to a conventional method. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a spectroscopic device according to a first embodiment. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a spectroscopic device according to a second embodiment. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a spectroscopic device according to a third embodiment. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a spectroscopic device according to a fourth embodiment. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a spectroscopic device according to a sixth embodiment. FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a spectroscopic device according to a seventh embodiment. FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a spectroscopic device according to an eighth embodiment. FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a spectroscopic device according to a ninth embodiment. FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a spectroscopic device according to a tenth embodiment. FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a spectroscopic device according to an eleventh embodiment. FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a spectroscopic device according to a thirteenth embodiment. FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a continuous wave superradiant laser device according to a fourteenth embodiment. FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of a continuous wave superradiant laser device according to a fifteenth embodiment. FIG. 16 is a flowchart showing the processing steps of a spectroscopic method according to a sixteenth embodiment.

[0058] The present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings based on preferred embodiments. The embodiments are illustrative and do not limit the invention, and all features and combinations thereof described in the embodiments are not necessarily essential to the invention. The same or equivalent components, parts, and processes shown in the drawings are designated by the same reference numerals, and redundant descriptions are omitted where appropriate. The scale and shape of each part shown in the drawings are set for convenience to facilitate explanation and should not be interpreted as limiting unless otherwise specified. Furthermore, when terms such as "first" and "second" are used in this specification or claims, unless otherwise specified, these terms do not indicate any order or importance, but are merely used to distinguish one configuration from another. Furthermore, some components that are not important for explaining the embodiments are omitted from the drawings.

[0059] Before describing specific embodiments, the basic findings will be described. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an atomic transition frequency measurement device 1000 using Ramsey spectroscopy, a conventional method. The atomic transition frequency measurement device 1000 includes an atom supply unit (e.g., an oven for heating atoms) 1001, four parallel clock lasers 1002a, 1002b, 1002c, and 1002d, and a detector 9000. The atomic beam supplied by the atom supply unit 1001 moves to the right of the paper at a velocity v. The clock lasers 1002a and 1002b point upward, while the clock lasers 1002c and 1002d point downward, both of which are perpendicular to the direction of atomic movement. An atom in the ground state interacts with the clock laser 1002a and transitions to a superposition state of the ground state and an excited state. When transitioning to the excited state, the atom receives momentum from a probe photon, causing the orbit of the atom to branch into two. Similar transitions between electronic and motional states occur at 1002b-1002c, resulting in the formation of two closed atomic orbitals, Tr1 and Tr2 (shown as two trapezoids in Figure 1). These act as two independent interferometers. Using these interferometers, the frequency of the atomic transition can be measured. The longer the interaction time between the atom and the clock laser, the higher the measurement accuracy. However, this compromises the mechanical stability of the clock laser irradiation, resulting in a degradation of measurement accuracy. In other words, the more we attempt to improve measurement accuracy, the more difficult it becomes to mechanically control the phases between the four clock lasers. This creates a trade-off, limiting the improvement of measurement accuracy. Furthermore, when such an interferometer is used in an atomic clock, the interferometer encloses a finite area, resulting in the detection of rotational acceleration due to the Sagnac effect. This results in noise for the atomic clock.

[0060] 2 is a schematic diagram of an atomic spectroscopic device 1 according to a first embodiment. The spectroscopic device 1 includes an atom supply unit 10, a first atom migration path 11, a first optical lattice laser light source 111 for the first atom migration path, a second optical lattice laser light source 112 for the second atom migration path, a second atom migration path 12, a first optical lattice laser light source 121 for the second atom migration path, a second optical lattice laser light source 122 for the second atom migration path, a third atom migration path 13, a first optical lattice laser light source 131 for the third atom migration path, a second optical lattice laser light source 132 for the third atom migration path, and a clock laser light source 20.

[0061] The first atom migration path 11, the second atom migration path 12, and the third atom migration path 13 function as guides for atoms to move inside the path. The first atom migration path 11, the second atom migration path 12, and the third atom migration path 13 may each be made of the same material or structure.

[0062] In the example of FIG. 2, the first atom transfer path 11, the second atom transfer path 12, and the third atom transfer path 13 may be configured by optical waveguides using free space or hollow core fibers or the like.

[0063] The first optical lattice laser light source 111 for the first atom migration path is arranged to supply an optical lattice laser L11 to the first atom migration path 11. The second optical lattice laser light source 112 for the first atom migration path is arranged to supply an optical lattice laser L12 to the first atom migration path 11. The first optical lattice laser light source 121 for the second atom migration path is arranged to supply an optical lattice laser L21 to the second atom migration path 12. The second optical lattice laser light source 122 for the second atom migration path is arranged to supply an optical lattice laser L22 to the second atom migration path 12. The clock laser light source 20 is arranged to supply a clock laser L20 to the second atom migration path 12. The first optical lattice laser light source 131 for the third atom migration path is arranged to supply an optical lattice laser L31 to the third atom migration path 13. The second optical lattice laser light source 132 for the third atom migration path is arranged to supply an optical lattice laser L32 to the third atom migration path 13.

[0064] The first atom migration path 11 and the second atom migration path 12 intersect at a first intersection position P1 at a finite angle. The second atom migration path 12 and the third atom migration path 13 intersect at a finite angle at a second intersection position P2. In FIG. 2 , the first atom migration path 11 and the second atom migration path 12 intersect at a 90-degree angle at the first intersection position P1. The second atom migration path 12 and the third atom migration path 13 intersect at a 90-degree angle at the second intersection position P2. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the angle formed between these atom migration paths may be any finite size.

[0065] The atom supply unit 10 includes an atom supply source and a laser light source for laser cooling. The atom supply source supplies atoms (e.g., ８８ Sr or ８７ That is, the atoms interact with a laser light source for laser cooling in the atom supply unit 10 and are cooled, and then sent to the first atom transfer path 11. The atoms move through the first atom transfer path 11 at a constant velocity v.

[0066] The first optical lattice laser light source 111 for the first atom migration path and the second optical lattice laser light source 112 for the first atom migration path supply a pair of optical lattice lasers (optical lattice laser L11 and optical lattice laser L12) traveling in opposite directions, thereby forming an optical lattice of standing waves on the first atom migration path 11.

[0067] The frequency of the optical lattice laser may be set to, for example, a frequency that is shifted from the magic frequency by the Doppler shift.

[0068] The optical lattice laser L11 and the optical lattice laser L12 have frequencies shifted from each other. As a result, the formed optical lattice is a moving optical lattice that moves along the first atom transfer path 11. This moving optical lattice transports atoms supplied by the atom supplier 10 along the first atom transfer path 11 at a constant velocity v.

[0069] An atom that has moved from left to right on the paper surface along the first atom movement path 11 transfers to the second atom movement path 12 at the first intersection position P1. As a result, the direction of the atom's movement is bent by 90 degrees downward on the paper surface.

[0070] The first optical lattice laser light source 121 for the second atom migration path and the second optical lattice laser light source 122 for the second atom migration path supply a pair of optical lattice lasers (optical lattice laser L21 and optical lattice laser L22) traveling in opposite directions, thereby forming an optical lattice of standing waves on the second atom migration path 12.

[0071] The frequency of the optical lattice laser may be set to, for example, a frequency that is shifted from the magic frequency by the Doppler shift.

[0072] The optical lattice laser L21 and the optical lattice laser L22 have frequencies shifted from each other. As a result, the formed optical lattice is a traveling optical lattice that moves along the second atom migration path 12. This traveling optical lattice transports atoms coming from the first atom migration path 11 along the second atom migration path 12 at a constant velocity v.

[0073] The clock laser light source 20 supplies a clock laser L20 into the second atom movement path 12, propagating coaxially with the second atom movement path 12 in the opposite direction or the same direction as the movement of the atoms. That is, the propagation direction of the clock laser L20 is parallel or anti-parallel to the second atom movement path 12. As an example, FIG. 2 shows a clock laser propagating in the same direction as the movement of the atoms.

[0074] A spectroscopic region SP is formed between the first intersection position P1 and the second intersection position P2. In this spectroscopic region SP, the clock laser L20 excites a clock transition in the atom moving along the second atom movement path 12. As shown in FIG. 2, the propagation direction of the clock laser L20 and the movement direction of the atom are coaxial, so the atom is "longitudinal excited."

[0075] The first atom movement path 11 and the second atom movement path 12 intersect at a finite angle, which prevents stray light of the laser cooling light used in the atom supply unit 10 from entering the second atom movement path 12 and causing an optical shift in the atoms to be analyzed. Furthermore, atoms that have been optically shifted by the cooling light are removed from the atoms to be analyzed.

[0076] The atom moves from the top to the bottom of the paper along the second atom movement path 12 and is longitudinally excited in the spectroscopic region SP, and then at the second intersection position P2, it transfers to the third atom movement path 13. As a result, the direction of the atom movement is bent by 90 degrees toward the left side of the paper.

[0077] The first optical lattice laser light source 131 for the third atom migration path and the second optical lattice laser light source 132 for the third atom migration path supply a pair of optical lattice lasers (optical lattice laser L31 and optical lattice laser L32) traveling in opposite directions, thereby forming an optical lattice of standing waves on the third atom migration path 13.

[0078] The frequency of the optical lattice laser may be set to, for example, a frequency that is shifted from the magic frequency by the Doppler shift.

[0079] The optical lattice laser L31 and the optical lattice laser L32 have frequencies shifted from each other. As a result, the formed optical lattice is a traveling optical lattice that moves along the third atom migration path 13. This traveling optical lattice transports atoms from the second atom migration path 12 along the third atom migration path 13 at a constant velocity v.

[0080] The electronic state of the atoms moving along the third atomic migration path 13 can be projected using a detector 90 at any measurement position (for example, measurement position P3 in FIG. 2 ) on the third atomic migration path 13. For this projection measurement, fluorescence observation using an electron shelving method or a distributed measurement using an optical resonator can be used.

[0081] In this embodiment, atoms are supplied along a first atom transfer path 11, spectroscopy is performed along a second atom transfer path 12, and measurement is performed along a third atom transfer path 13. In this sense, the first atom transfer path can also be called the atom supply path, the second atom transfer path can also be called the spectroscopy path, and the third atom transfer path can also be called the measurement path.

[0082] In the above example, the first atom transfer path 11, the second atom transfer path 12, and the third atom transfer path 13 are formed by optical waveguides using a moving optical lattice in free space or a hollow-core fiber. However, the present invention is not limited to this. The first atom transfer path 11, the second atom transfer path 12, and the third atom transfer path 13 may be formed by any suitable material as long as they function as guides for the supplied atoms to move from left to right on the page. For example, the first atom transfer path 11, the second atom transfer path 12, and the third atom transfer path 13 can be formed using a moving standing wave in free space, a moving standing wave in an optical resonator, a moving standing wave in an optical waveguide, or the like. The optical lattice lasers that form these standing waves may be set to a magic frequency that does not cause a Stark shift of the clock transition.

[0083] Alternatively, the atomic guide may be formed by a two-dimensional magnetic trap or a two-dimensional electric trap (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 4).

[0084] At the first intersection position P1, the polarization directions of the electric field formed in the first atom migration path and the electric field formed in the second atom migration path may be aligned. Similarly, at the second intersection position P2, the polarization directions of the electric field formed in the second atom migration path and the electric field formed in the third atom migration path may be aligned. In this way, the polarization directions of the electric fields formed in the two atom migration paths are aligned at the intersection position of the two atom migration paths, causing constructive interference between the electric fields. This allows atoms to more reliably transfer from one atom migration path to the other.

[0085] In the spectral region SP, Rabi spectroscopy is possible in addition to longitudinal excitation Ramsey spectroscopy.

[0086] As described above, in this embodiment, of the three atom movement paths formed by the moving optical grating, the atom supply path and the spectroscopic path, and the spectroscopic path and the measurement path, are intersected at a finite angle. This forms a spectroscopic region on the spectroscopic path between the two intersections. This has the significant advantage that stray light from the laser cooling light does not enter this spectroscopic region.

[0087] Therefore, according to this embodiment, in longitudinal excitation Ramsey spectroscopy, it is possible to define a spectroscopic region in which atoms that have undergone optical shift due to cooling light are excluded from the spectroscopic target, without requiring a magnetic field.

[0088] Such spectroscopic methods can be applied to a variety of applications, including atomic transition frequency measurement devices, atomic oscillators, optical lattice clocks, and quantum computers.

[0089] Second Embodiment In the first embodiment described above, it is assumed that no magnetic field exists around the spectroscopic device 1. In reality, however, a trapping magnetic field of about 10 G is often generated around the cooling region of the atom supply unit 10, and a residual magnetic field exists in an area several centimeters around that. In the presence of such a magnetic field, the spectroscopic region can be defined by providing a magnetic shield in the region targeted for spectroscopic analysis.

[0090] 3 is a schematic diagram of an atomic spectrometer 2 according to a second embodiment. The spectrometer 2 includes an atom supply unit 10, a first atom migration path 11, a first optical lattice laser light source 111 for the first atom migration path, a second optical lattice laser light source 112 for the second atom migration path, a second atom migration path 12, a first optical lattice laser light source 121 for the second atom migration path, a second optical lattice laser light source 122 for the second atom migration path, a third atom migration path 13, a first optical lattice laser light source 131 for the third atom migration path, a second optical lattice laser light source 132 for the third atom migration path, a clock laser light source 20, and a magnetic shield MS. That is, the spectrometer 2 additionally includes a magnetic shield MS in comparison with the spectrometer 1 shown in FIG. 2 . The other configuration of the spectrometer 2 is the same as that of the spectrometer 1.

[0091] A magnetic field B exists around the second atom transfer path 12. A magnetic shield MS for shielding the magnetic field B is installed surrounding the region of the second atom transfer path 12 that is the target of spectroscopy.

[0092] In the second atom migration path 12, no magnetic field exists inside the magnetic shield MS, but a magnetic field exists in other areas. As a result, atoms migrating along the second atom migration path 12 become non-resonant with the clock laser L20 due to a Zeeman shift caused by a residual magnetic field in areas other than the magnetic shield, while inside the magnetic shield MS they become near-resonant and interact with the clock laser L20, forming a spectral region SP. The atoms that leave the magnetic shield MS become non-resonant again, so the second atom migration path 12 at this time is a non-spectroscopic region. In this way, when a magnetic field exists around the spectroscopic device 2, a spectral region can be defined by providing a magnetic shield MS on the second atom migration path.

[0093] In the spectroscopic device 2, a measurement position can be provided in a non-spectroscopic region of the second atom movement path 12 after the atoms have passed through the spectroscopic region SP. That is, the electronic state of the atoms moving along the second atom movement path 12 can be projectively measured using a detector 91 at any measurement position (e.g., measurement position P4 in FIG. 3 ) on the second atom movement path 12 after the spectroscopic region SP. For this projection measurement, fluorescence observation using an electron shelving method or a dispersive measurement using an optical resonator can be used.

[0094] The magnetic field B is not limited to a trapping magnetic field present around the cooling region, but may be intentionally applied to the entire spectroscopic device using a magnetic field generator such as a coil.

[0095] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a spectroscopic device 3 that includes a magnetic field generator BG for generating a magnetic field in its vicinity.

[0096] 5 is a schematic diagram of an atomic spectrometer 4 according to a fourth embodiment. The spectrometer 4 includes an atom supply unit 10, a first atom migration path 11, a first optical lattice laser light source 111 for the first atom migration path, a second optical lattice laser light source 112 for the first atom migration path, a second atom migration path 12, a first optical lattice laser light source 121 for the second atom migration path, a second optical lattice laser light source 122 for the second atom migration path, a third atom migration path 13, a first optical lattice laser light source 131 for the third atom migration path, a second optical lattice laser light source 132 for the third atom migration path, a clock laser light source 20, a clock laser light source 201, a first magnetic shield MS1, a second magnetic shield MS2, a magnetic field generator BG, and a pump region P6. That is, the spectroscopic device 4 additionally includes a clock laser light source 201, a second magnetic shield MS2, and a pump region P6 compared to the spectroscopic device 3 in Fig. 4. The other configuration of the spectroscopic device 4 is the same as the configuration of the spectroscopic device 3.

[0097] A magnetic field B generated by a magnetic field generator BG exists around the second atom transfer path 12 and the third atom transfer path 13. A first magnetic shield MS1 for shielding from the magnetic field B is installed to surround a region of the second atom transfer path 12 that is intended for spectroscopy. Similarly, a second magnetic shield MS2 for shielding from the magnetic field B is installed to surround a region of the third atom transfer path 13 that is intended for spectroscopy.

[0098] The clock laser light source 201 is arranged to supply a clock laser L201 to the third atom movement path 13. Specifically, the clock laser light source 201 supplies the clock laser L201 into the third atom movement path 13, propagating coaxially with the third atom movement path 13 in the opposite direction or the same direction as the movement of the atoms. In other words, the propagation direction of the clock laser L201 is parallel or anti-parallel to the third atom movement path 13. As an example, FIG. 5 shows a clock laser propagating in the same direction as the movement of the atoms.

[0099] The pump region P6 is disposed behind the first magnetic shield MS1 on the second atom transfer path 12. Atoms in an excited state that have left the first magnetic shield MS1 are optically pumped to the ground state in the pump region P6.

[0100] By the same discussion as in the second embodiment, the inside of the first magnetic shield MS1 of the second atom movement path 12 becomes the first spectroscopic region SP1, and the inside of the second magnetic shield MS2 of the third atom movement path 13 becomes the second spectroscopic region SP2. The other regions become non-spectroscopic regions.

[0101] The electronic state of atoms moving along the second atom migration path 12 can be projected and measured using a detector 91 at any measurement position on the second atom migration path 12 after the first spectral region SP1 (for example, measurement position P4 in FIG. 5 ). Similarly, the electronic state of atoms moving along the third atom migration path 13 can be projected and measured using a detector 92 at any measurement position on the third atom migration path 13 after the second spectral region SP2 (for example, measurement position P5 in FIG. 5 ). These projection measurements can be performed using fluorescence observation by electron shelving or dispersive measurement using an optical resonator.

[0102] The Rabi frequency of the clock laser L20 for the first spectral region SP1 is Ω1, and the Rabi frequency of the clock laser L201 for the second spectral region SP2 is Ω2. In this case, the Rabi spectral times in the first spectral region SP1 and the second spectral region SP2 are expressed as T1 = π / Ω1 and T2 = π / Ω2, respectively. In this case, if T1 > T2 is realized by setting Ω1 < Ω2, for example, it is possible to obtain a signal required for narrowband high-precision frequency control in SP1, and a signal required for high-speed frequency control in SP2.

[0103] In this way, multiple spectroscopic regions can be defined within the spectroscopic device. This allows multiple measurement positions to be set within the spectroscopic device. Furthermore, by using multiple clock lasers with different intensities, different interaction times (i.e., Rabi spectroscopic times T1 and T2) can be set. This makes it possible to obtain both a "wideband control signal" and a "narrowband and high-precision control signal."

[0104] 6 is a schematic diagram of an atomic spectrometer 5 according to a fifth embodiment. The spectrometer 5 does not include the second optical lattice laser light source 112 for the first atom migration path, the first optical lattice laser light source 121 for the second atom migration path, the second optical lattice laser light source 122 for the second atom migration path, or the second optical lattice laser light source 132 for the third atom migration path, as compared to the spectrometer 1 in FIG. 1 . That is, the spectrometer 5 includes the optical lattice laser light source 111 for the first atom migration path and the optical lattice laser light source 131 for the third atom migration path (the terms "first" and "second" are omitted). Furthermore, the spectrometer 5 includes mirrors M1, M2, M3, and M4 in addition to the components of the spectrometer 1.

[0105] The following description of the spectroscopic device 5 will focus on the differences from the spectroscopic device 1. Explanations of matters that overlap with those of the spectroscopic device 1 will be omitted as appropriate.

[0106] Mirror M1 is installed on the first atom migration path 11, on the opposite side to the optical lattice laser light source 111 for the first atom migration path. Mirror M2 is installed at one end of the second atom migration path 12. Mirror M3 is installed on the third atom migration path 13, on the opposite side to the optical lattice laser light source 113 for the third atom migration path. Mirror M4 is installed at the end of the second atom migration path 12, on the opposite side to mirror M2. Mirror M1 and mirror M2 are optically connected via an optical path. Mirror M3 and mirror M4 are optically connected via an optical path.

[0107] The first atom migration path 11 and the second atom migration path intersect at a finite angle at a first intersection position P1, and the second atom migration path 12 and the second atom migration path intersect at a finite angle at a second intersection position P2.

[0108] The optical lattice laser light source 111 for the first atom migration path supplies an optical lattice laser L11 to the first atom migration path 11. The optical lattice laser light source 131 for the third atom migration path supplies an optical lattice laser L31 to the third atom migration path 13.

[0109] The optical lattice laser L11 from the optical lattice laser light source 111 for the first atom migration path propagates from left to right on the page within the first atom migration path 11, is first reflected by mirror M1, is then reflected by mirror M2, and then enters the second atom migration path 12. The optical lattice laser L11 then propagates from top to bottom on the page within the second atom migration path 12. That is, the optical lattice laser L11 behaves as the optical lattice laser L21 in FIG. 2 here.

[0110] The optical lattice laser L11 (i.e., the optical lattice laser L21) propagates from top to bottom of the page within the second atom transfer path 12, is first reflected by mirror M4, and then reflected by mirror M3, before entering the third atom transfer path 13. The optical lattice laser L11 then propagates from right to left of the page within the third atom transfer path 13. That is, the optical lattice laser L11 behaves here as the optical lattice laser L31 in FIG. 2 .

[0111] The optical lattice laser L31 from the optical lattice laser light source 131 for the third atom migration path propagates from left to right on the page within the third atom migration path 13, is first reflected by mirror M3, and then reflected by mirror M4, before entering the second atom migration path 12. The optical lattice laser L31 then propagates from bottom to top on the page within the second atom migration path 12. That is, the optical lattice laser L31 behaves here as the optical lattice laser L22 in FIG. 2 .

[0112] The optical lattice laser L31 (i.e., the optical lattice laser L22) propagates from bottom to top of the paper in the second atom transfer path 12, is first reflected by mirror M2, and then reflected by mirror M1, before entering the first atom transfer path 11. The optical lattice laser L31 then propagates from right to left of the paper in the first atom transfer path 11. That is, the optical lattice laser L31 behaves as the optical lattice laser L12 in FIG. 2 here.

[0113] The optical lattice laser light source 111 for the first atom migration path and the optical lattice laser light source 131 for the third atom migration path supply a pair of optical lattice lasers (optical lattice laser L11 and optical lattice laser L31) traveling in opposite directions, thereby forming optical lattices of standing waves on the first atom migration path 11, the second atom migration path 12, and the third atom migration path 13.

[0114] The frequency of the optical lattice laser may be set to, for example, a frequency that is shifted from the magic frequency by the Doppler shift.

[0115] The optical lattice laser L11 and the optical lattice laser L31 have their frequencies shifted from each other. As a result, the formed optical lattice is a traveling optical lattice that moves along a first atom migration path 11, a second atom migration path 12, and a third atom migration path 13. This traveling optical lattice transports atoms along the first atom migration path 11, the second atom migration path 12, and the third atom migration path 13 at a constant velocity v.

[0116] A spectroscopic region SP is defined between the first intersection position P1 and the second intersection position P2 of the second atomic migration path 12.

[0117] Atoms moving along the third atom migration path 13 can be projected using a detector 90 at any measurement position (for example, measurement position P3 in FIG. 4 ) on the third atom migration path 13. For this projection measurement, fluorescence observation using an electron shelving method or a distributed measurement using an optical resonator can be used.

[0118] According to this embodiment, the same effect as that of the spectroscopic device 1 of FIG. 2 can be achieved, while the number of optical grating laser light sources can be reduced compared to the spectroscopic device 1.

[0119] 7 is a schematic diagram of an atomic spectrometer 6 according to a sixth embodiment. The spectrometer 6 additionally includes a clock laser source 201, a second magnetic shield MS2, a magnetic field generator BG, and a pump region P6 compared to the spectrometer 5 in FIG. The other components of the spectrometer 6 are the same as those of the spectrometer 5.

[0120] A magnetic field B generated by a magnetic field generator BG exists around the second atom transfer path 12 and the third atom transfer path 13. A first magnetic shield MS1 for shielding from the magnetic field B is installed to surround a region of the second atom transfer path 12 that is intended for spectroscopy. Similarly, a second magnetic shield MS2 for shielding from the magnetic field B is installed to surround a region of the third atom transfer path 13 that is intended for spectroscopy.

[0121] The clock laser light source 201 is arranged to supply a clock laser L201 to the third atom movement path 13. Specifically, the clock laser light source 201 supplies the clock laser L201 into the third atom movement path 13, propagating coaxially with the third atom movement path 13 in the opposite direction or the same direction as the movement of the atoms. In other words, the propagation direction of the clock laser L201 is parallel or anti-parallel to the third atom movement path 13. As an example, FIG. 7 shows a clock laser propagating in the same direction as the movement of the atoms.

[0122] The pump region P6 is disposed behind the first magnetic shield MS1 on the second atom transfer path 12. Atoms in an excited state that have left the first magnetic shield MS1 are optically pumped to the ground state in the pump region P6.

[0123] The inside of the first magnetic shield MS1 of the second atom movement path 12 is a first spectroscopic region SP1, and the inside of the second magnetic shield MS2 of the third atom movement path 13 is a second spectroscopic region SP2. The other regions are non-spectroscopic regions.

[0124] The electronic state of atoms moving along the second atom migration path 12 can be projected and measured using a detector 91 at any measurement position on the second atom migration path 12 after the first spectral region SP1 (for example, measurement position P4 in FIG. 7 ). Similarly, the electronic state of atoms moving along the third atom migration path 13 can be projected and measured using a detector 92 at any measurement position on the third atom migration path 13 after the second spectral region SP2 (for example, measurement position P5 in FIG. 7 ). These projection measurements can be performed using fluorescence observation by electron shelving or dispersive measurement using an optical resonator.

[0125] The Rabi frequency of the clock laser L20 for the first spectral region SP1 is Ω1, and the Rabi frequency of the clock laser L201 for the second spectral region SP2 is Ω2. In this case, the Rabi spectral times in the first spectral region SP1 and the second spectral region SP2 are expressed as T1 = π / Ω1 and T2 = π / Ω2, respectively. In this case, if T1 > T2 is realized by setting Ω1 < Ω2, for example, it is possible to obtain a signal required for narrowband high-precision frequency control in SP1, and a signal required for high-speed frequency control in SP2.

[0126] According to this embodiment, it is possible to define multiple spectroscopic regions within the spectroscopic device. This allows multiple measurement positions to be provided within the spectroscopic device. Furthermore, by using multiple clock lasers with different intensities, it is possible to set different interaction times (i.e., Rabi spectroscopic times T1 and T2). This makes it possible to obtain both a "wideband control signal" and a "narrowband and high-precision control signal."

[0127] 8 is a schematic diagram of an atomic spectroscopic device 7 according to a seventh embodiment. The spectroscopic device 7 includes a ring-shaped optical resonator 30. The optical resonator 30 includes a first atomic transfer path 11, a second atomic transfer path, and a third atomic transfer path as optical paths.

[0128] The following description of the spectroscopic device 7 will focus on the differences between the spectroscopic device 1 and the spectroscopic device 5. Descriptions of matters that overlap with the spectroscopic device 1 and the spectroscopic device 5 will be omitted as appropriate.

[0129] The spectroscopic device 7 includes an optical resonator 30 , an optical lattice laser light source 141 , an optical lattice laser light source 142 , and a clock laser light source 20 .

[0130] The optical resonator 30 includes a first atom transfer path 11, a second atom transfer path 12, a third atom transfer path 13, and mirrors M5, M6, M7, M8, and M9. Of these, mirror M5 is an input coupler that couples optical lattice lasers L41 and L42 to the optical resonator, and mirror M6 is a dichroic mirror that transmits the clock laser.

[0131] The first atom migration path 11 and the second atom migration path 12 intersect at a finite angle at a first intersection position P1, and the second atom migration path 12 and the third atom migration path 13 intersect at a finite angle at a second intersection position P2.

[0132] The optical lattice laser light source 141 supplies an optical lattice laser L41 to the optical resonator 30. The optical lattice laser light source 142 supplies an optical lattice laser L42 to the optical resonator 30. The clock laser light source 20 supplies a clock laser L20 to the optical resonator 30.

[0133] Mirror M5 is installed at one end of the first atom transfer path 11. Mirror M6 is installed at one end of the second atom transfer path 12. Mirror M7 is installed at one end of the third atom transfer path 13. Mirror M8 is installed at the end of the second atom transfer path 12 opposite to mirror M6. Mirror M9 is installed at the end of the first atom transfer path 11 opposite to mirror M5 (and simultaneously, at the end of the third atom transfer path 13 opposite to mirror M7). Mirrors M5 and M6 are optically connected via an optical path. Mirrors M7 and M8 are optically connected via an optical path.

[0134] The optical lattice laser light source 141 transmits an optical lattice laser L41 through mirror M5 and incidents it onto the first atom migration path 11. The optical lattice laser light source 142 transmits an optical lattice laser L42 through mirror M5 and incidents it onto the optical path connecting mirrors M5 and M6. The clock laser light source 20 transmits a clock laser L20 through mirror M6 and incidents it onto the second atom migration path 12.

[0135] The optical lattice laser L41 supplied from the optical lattice laser source 141 is recycled by propagating counterclockwise within the optical resonator 30. The optical lattice laser L42 supplied from the optical lattice laser source 142 is recycled by propagating clockwise within the optical resonator 30, thereby increasing the power within the optical resonator. The narrower the linewidth Γ of the optical resonator, which is determined by the reflectivity of the input coupler M5, the more advantageous it is for power increase, but it is desirable that it be larger than the frequency difference Δ between the two moving optical lattice lasers (Γ > Δ).

[0136] The optical lattice laser L41 and the optical lattice laser L42 have their frequencies shifted from each other, resulting in a moving optical lattice that moves within the optical resonator 30. This moving optical lattice transports atoms along the optical resonator 30 at a constant velocity v (clockwise in the example of FIG. 4 ).

[0137] Atoms supplied by the atom supply unit 10 on the first atom migration path 11 move from left to right on the paper surface along the first atom migration path 11. When the atoms reach the first intersection position P1, they transfer onto the second atom migration path 12.

[0138] The atom then moves from top to bottom on the paper surface along the second atom movement path 12. When the atom reaches the second intersection position P2, it transfers to the third atom movement path 13.

[0139] A spectroscopic region SP is defined between the first intersection position P1 and the second intersection position P2 of the second atomic migration path 12.

[0140] The atoms moving along the optical resonator 30 can be measured using a detector 90 at any measurement position on the third atom movement path 13 (for example, measurement position P3 in FIG. 4).

[0141] According to this embodiment, longitudinal excitation Rabi spectroscopy can be performed in a spectral region SP starting from the first intersection position P1 and ending at the second intersection position P2. Alternatively, longitudinal excitation Ramsey spectroscopy may be performed in the spectral region SP.

[0142] 9 is a schematic diagram of an atomic spectrometer 8 according to an eighth embodiment. The spectrometer 8 additionally includes a clock laser source 201, a second magnetic shield MS2, a magnetic field generator BG, and a pump region P6 compared to the spectrometer 7 in FIG. The other components of the spectrometer 6 are the same as those of the spectrometer 7.

[0143] A magnetic field B generated by a magnetic field generator BG exists around the second atom transfer path 12 and the third atom transfer path 13. A first magnetic shield MS1 for shielding from the magnetic field B is installed to surround a region of the second atom transfer path 12 that is intended for spectroscopy. Similarly, a second magnetic shield MS2 for shielding from the magnetic field B is installed to surround a region of the third atom transfer path 13 that is intended for spectroscopy.

[0144] The clock laser light source 201 is arranged to supply a clock laser L201 to the third atom movement path 13. Specifically, the clock laser light source 201 supplies the clock laser L201 into the third atom movement path 13, propagating coaxially with the third atom movement path 13 in the opposite direction or the same direction as the movement of the atoms. In other words, the propagation direction of the clock laser L201 is parallel or anti-parallel to the third atom movement path 13. As an example, FIG. 7 shows a clock laser propagating in the same direction as the movement of the atoms.

[0145] The pump region P6 is disposed behind the first magnetic shield MS1 on the second atom transfer path 12. Atoms in an excited state that have left the first magnetic shield MS1 are optically pumped to the ground state in the pump region P6.

[0146] The inside of the first magnetic shield MS1 of the second atom movement path 12 is a first spectroscopic region SP1, and the inside of the second magnetic shield MS2 of the third atom movement path 13 is a second spectroscopic region SP2. The other regions are non-spectroscopic regions.

[0147] The electronic state of atoms moving along the second atom migration path 12 can be projected and measured using a detector 91 at any measurement position on the second atom migration path 12 after the first spectral region SP1 (for example, measurement position P4 in FIG. 9 ). Similarly, the electronic state of atoms moving along the third atom migration path 13 can be projected and measured using a detector 92 at any measurement position on the third atom migration path 13 after the second spectral region SP2 (for example, measurement position P5 in FIG. 9 ). These projection measurements can be performed using fluorescence observation by electron shelving or dispersive measurement using an optical resonator.

[0148] The Rabi frequency of the clock laser L20 for the first spectral region SP1 is Ω1, and the Rabi frequency of the clock laser L201 for the second spectral region SP2 is Ω2. In this case, the Rabi spectral times in the first spectral region SP1 and the second spectral region SP2 are expressed as T1 = π / Ω1 and T2 = π / Ω2, respectively. In this case, if T1 > T2 is realized by setting Ω1 < Ω2, for example, it is possible to obtain a signal required for narrowband high-precision frequency control in SP1, and a signal required for high-speed frequency control in SP2.

[0149] According to this embodiment, it is possible to define multiple spectroscopic regions within the spectroscopic device. This allows multiple measurement positions to be provided within the spectroscopic device. Furthermore, by using multiple clock lasers with different intensities, it is possible to set different interaction times (i.e., Rabi spectroscopic times T1 and T2). This makes it possible to obtain both a "wideband control signal" and a "narrowband and high-precision control signal."

[0150] 10 is a schematic diagram of an atomic spectroscopic device 9 according to a ninth embodiment. The spectroscopic device 9 includes a rectangular first optical resonator 40 and a triangular second optical resonator 50.

[0151] The following description of the spectroscopic device 4 will focus on the differences from the spectroscopic devices 1, 5, and 7. Descriptions of matters that overlap with the spectroscopic devices 1, 5, and 7 will be omitted as appropriate.

[0152] The spectroscopic device 9 includes a first optical resonator 40, a second optical resonator 50, an optical lattice laser light source 151, an optical lattice laser light source 152, an optical lattice laser light source 161, an optical lattice laser light source 162, and a clock laser light source 20.

[0153] The first optical resonator 40 includes a first atom transfer path 11, a third atom transfer path 13, a fourth optical resonator path 14, a fifth optical resonator path 15, and mirrors M10, M11, M12, and M13. Among these, the mirror M10 is an input coupler that couples the optical lattice lasers L51 and L52 to the optical resonator.

[0154] The mirror M10 is installed between the first atom transfer path 11 and the fourth optical resonator path 14. The mirror M11 is installed between the fourth optical resonator path 14 and the third atom transfer path 13. The mirror M12 is installed between the third atom transfer path 13 and the fifth optical resonator path 15. The mirror M13 is installed between the fifth optical resonator path 15 and the first atom transfer path 11.

[0155] The second optical resonator 50 includes the second atom transfer path 12, the sixth optical resonator path 16, the seventh optical resonator path 17, and mirrors M14, M15, and M16. The mirror M14 is a dichroic mirror that transmits the clock laser L20, and the mirror M15 is an input coupler that couples the optical lattice lasers L61 and L62 to the optical resonator. The mirror M16 is a concave mirror.

[0156] The first atom migration path 11 and the second atom migration path 12 intersect at a finite angle at a first intersection position P1, and the second atom migration path 12 and the third atom migration path 13 intersect at a finite angle at a second intersection position P2.

[0157] The mirror M14 is installed between the second atom transfer path 12 and the sixth optical resonator path 16. The mirror M15 is installed between the second atom transfer path 12 and the seventh optical resonator path 17. The mirror M16 is installed between the sixth optical resonator path 16 and the seventh optical resonator path 17.

[0158] The optical lattice laser light source 151 supplies an optical lattice laser L51 to the first optical resonator 40. The optical lattice laser light source 152 supplies an optical lattice laser L52 to the first optical resonator 40. The optical lattice laser light source 161 supplies an optical lattice laser L61 to the second optical resonator 50. The optical lattice laser light source 162 supplies an optical lattice laser L62 to the second optical resonator 50. The clock laser light source 20 supplies a clock laser L20 to the second optical resonator 50.

[0159] The optical lattice laser light source 151 transmits an optical lattice laser L51 through a mirror M10 and makes it incident on the first atom migration path 11. The optical lattice laser light source 152 transmits an optical lattice laser L52 through a mirror M10 and makes it incident on the fourth optical resonator path 14.

[0160] The optical lattice laser L51 supplied from the optical lattice laser light source 151 is recycled by propagating counterclockwise within the first optical resonator 40. The optical lattice laser L52 supplied from the optical lattice laser light source 152 is recycled by propagating clockwise within the first optical resonator 40.

[0161] The optical lattice laser light source 161 transmits an optical lattice laser L61 through the mirror M15 and makes it incident on the seventh optical resonator path 17. The optical lattice laser light source 162 transmits an optical lattice laser L62 through the mirror M15 and makes it incident on the second atom migration path 12.

[0162] The optical lattice laser L61 supplied from the optical lattice laser light source 161 is recycled by propagating clockwise within the second optical resonator 50. The optical lattice laser L62 supplied from the optical lattice laser light source 162 is recycled by propagating counterclockwise within the second optical resonator 50.

[0163] The clock laser light source 20 transmits a clock laser L20 through a mirror M14 and makes it incident on the second atom transfer path 12.

[0164] The optical lattice laser L51 and the optical lattice laser L52 have mutually shifted frequencies, resulting in a moving optical lattice that moves within the first optical resonator 40. This moving optical lattice transports atoms along the first optical resonator 40 at a constant velocity v (clockwise in the example of FIG. 10 ).

[0165] The optical lattice laser L61 and the optical lattice laser L62 have their frequencies shifted from each other, resulting in a moving optical lattice that moves within the second optical resonator 50. This moving optical lattice transports atoms along the second optical resonator 50 at a constant velocity v (clockwise in the example of FIG. 10 ).

[0166] A spectral region SP is defined between the first intersection position P1 and the second intersection position P2 of the second atomic movement path 12 of the second optical resonator 50.

[0167] Atoms supplied by the atom supply unit 10 on the first atom transfer path 11 move from left to right on the page along the first atom transfer path 11 of the first optical resonator 40. When the atoms reach the first intersection position P1, they transfer onto the second atom transfer path 12 of the second optical resonator 50.

[0168] The atom then moves from top to bottom on the paper surface along the second atom movement path 12. When the atom reaches the second intersection position P2, it transfers to the third atom movement path 13 of the first optical resonator 40. In this way, the atom moves across the first optical resonator 40 and the second optical resonator 50.

[0169] The atoms can be projected at any measurement position (e.g., measurement position P3 in FIG. 10 ) on the third atom migration path 13 using a detector 90. For this projection measurement, fluorescence observation using an electron shelving method or a distributed measurement using an optical resonator can be used.

[0170] According to this embodiment, similar to the spectroscopic device 7 of FIG. 8 , longitudinal excitation Rabi spectroscopy can be performed in a spectroscopic region SP that starts at the first intersection position P1 and ends at the second intersection position P2. Alternatively, longitudinal excitation Ramsey spectroscopy may be performed in the spectroscopic region SP. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the atom supply unit 10 and the spectroscopic region SP are configured using separate optical resonators. Therefore, for example, scattered light generated by the mirror of the first optical resonator 40 can be prevented from entering the spectroscopic region of the second optical resonator 50.

[0171] Furthermore, by using such a double optical resonator, it is possible to selectively use a deep lattice (potential depth 100 μK) suitable for atom supply and a shallow lattice (potential depth 10 μK) suitable for spectroscopy.

[0172] For efficient transition from a deep lattice to a shallow lattice, laser cooling using a transition that does not share an electronic state with the clock transition may be performed at the first crossing position P1 and the second crossing position P2.

[0173] 10 shows an example in which the first optical resonator 40 and the second optical resonator 50 are on the same plane, but this is not limiting, and these two optical resonators do not have to be on the same plane. For example, by configuring the plane of the first optical resonator 40 and the plane of the second optical resonator 50 to be perpendicular to each other, the entire device can be made more compact. In order to increase the atomic transfer efficiency at the first intersection position P1 and the second intersection position P2, it is desirable to use a polarization arrangement in which the directions of the electric fields forming the optical lattices of the first optical resonator 40 and the second optical resonator 50 are aligned.

[0174] 11 is a schematic diagram of an atomic spectrometer 210 according to a tenth embodiment. The spectrometer 210 additionally includes a clock laser source 201, a second magnetic shield MS2, a magnetic field generator BG, and a pump region P6 compared to the spectrometer 9 in FIG. The other components of the spectrometer 6 are the same as those of the spectrometer 9.

[0175] A magnetic field B generated by a magnetic field generator BG exists around the second atom transfer path 12 and the third atom transfer path 13. A first magnetic shield MS1 for shielding from the magnetic field B is installed to surround a region of the second atom transfer path 12 that is intended for spectroscopy. Similarly, a second magnetic shield MS2 for shielding from the magnetic field B is installed to surround a region of the third atom transfer path 13 that is intended for spectroscopy.

[0176] The clock laser light source 201 is arranged to supply a clock laser L201 to the third atom movement path 13. Specifically, the clock laser light source 201 supplies the clock laser L201 into the third atom movement path 13, propagating coaxially with the third atom movement path 13 in the opposite direction or the same direction as the movement of the atoms. In other words, the propagation direction of the clock laser L201 is parallel or anti-parallel to the third atom movement path 13. As an example, FIG. 11 shows a clock laser propagating in the same direction as the movement of the atoms.

[0177] The pump region P6 is disposed behind the first magnetic shield MS1 on the second atom transfer path 12. Atoms in an excited state that have left the first magnetic shield MS1 are optically pumped to the ground state in the pump region P6.

[0178] The inside of the first magnetic shield MS1 of the second atom movement path 12 is a first spectroscopic region SP1, and the inside of the second magnetic shield MS2 of the third atom movement path 13 is a second spectroscopic region SP2. The other regions are non-spectroscopic regions.

[0179] The electronic state of atoms moving along the second atom migration path 12 can be projected and measured using a detector 91 at any measurement position on the second atom migration path 12 after the first spectral region SP1 (for example, measurement position P4 in FIG. 11 ). Similarly, the electronic state of atoms moving along the third atom migration path 13 can be projected and measured using a detector 92 at any measurement position on the third atom migration path 13 after the second spectral region SP2 (for example, measurement position P5 in FIG. 11 ). These projection measurements can be performed using fluorescence observation by electron shelving or dispersive measurement using an optical resonator.

[0180] The Rabi frequency of the clock laser L20 for the first spectral region SP1 is Ω1, and the Rabi frequency of the clock laser L201 for the second spectral region SP2 is Ω2. In this case, the Rabi spectral times in the first spectral region SP1 and the second spectral region SP2 are expressed as T1 = π / Ω1 and T2 = π / Ω2, respectively. In this case, if T1 > T2 is realized by setting Ω1 < Ω2, for example, it is possible to obtain a signal required for narrowband high-precision frequency control in SP1, and a signal required for high-speed frequency control in SP2.

[0181] According to this embodiment, it is possible to define multiple spectroscopic regions within the spectroscopic device. This allows multiple measurement positions to be provided within the spectroscopic device. Furthermore, by using multiple clock lasers with different intensities, it is possible to set different interaction times (i.e., Rabi spectroscopic times T1 and T2). This makes it possible to obtain both a "wideband control signal" and a "narrowband and high-precision control signal."

[0182] 12 is a schematic diagram of an atomic spectroscopic device 211 according to an eleventh embodiment. The spectroscopic device 211 includes a triangular third optical resonator 61 and a triangular fourth optical resonator 62.

[0183] The following description of the spectroscopic device 211 will focus on the differences from the spectroscopic devices 1, 5, 7, and 9. Explanations of matters that overlap with the spectroscopic devices 1 to 4 will be omitted as appropriate.

[0184] The spectroscopic device 211 includes a third optical resonator 61 , a fourth optical resonator 62 , an optical lattice laser light source 171 , an optical lattice laser light source 172 , an optical lattice laser light source 181 , an optical lattice laser light source 182 , and a clock laser light source 20 .

[0185] The third optical resonator 61 includes the first atom transfer path 11, the third atom transfer path 13, the eighth optical resonator path 18, and mirrors M17, M18, and M19. The mirror M17 is an input coupler that couples the optical lattice lasers L71 and L72 to the optical resonator. The mirror M19 is a concave mirror.

[0186] The mirror M17 is installed between the first atom transfer path 11 and the eighth optical resonator path 18. The mirror M18 is installed between the eighth optical resonator path 18 and the third atom transfer path 13. The mirror M19 is installed between the third atom transfer path 13 and the first atom transfer path 11.

[0187] The fourth optical resonator 62 includes the second atom transfer path 12, the ninth optical resonator path 19, the tenth optical resonator path 191, and mirrors M20, M21, and M22. Of these, mirror M20 is an input coupler that couples the optical lattice lasers L81 and L82 to the optical resonator. Mirror M21 is a dichroic mirror that transmits the clock laser L20. Mirror M22 is a concave mirror.

[0188] The first atom migration path 11 and the second atom migration path 12 intersect at a finite angle at a first intersection position P1, and the second atom migration path 12 and the third atom migration path 13 intersect at a finite angle at a second intersection position P2.

[0189] The mirror M20 is installed between the second atom transfer path 12 and the ninth optical resonator path 19. The mirror M21 is installed between the second atom transfer path 12 and the tenth optical resonator path 191. The mirror M22 is installed between the ninth optical resonator path 19 and the tenth optical resonator path 191.

[0190] The optical lattice laser light source 171 provides an optical lattice laser L71. The optical lattice laser light source 172 provides an optical lattice laser L72. The optical lattice laser light source 181 provides an optical lattice laser L81. The optical lattice laser light source 182 provides an optical lattice laser L82. The clock laser light source 20 provides a clock laser L20.

[0191] The optical lattice laser light source 171 transmits an optical lattice laser L71 through a mirror M17 and makes it incident on the first atom migration path 11. The optical lattice laser light source 172 transmits an optical lattice laser L51 through a mirror M17 and makes it incident on the eighth optical resonator path 18.

[0192] The optical lattice laser L71 supplied from the optical lattice laser light source 171 is recycled by propagating counterclockwise within the third optical resonator 61. The optical lattice laser L72 supplied from the optical lattice laser light source 172 is recycled by propagating clockwise within the third optical resonator 61.

[0193] The optical lattice laser light source 181 transmits an optical lattice laser L81 through a mirror M20 and makes the optical lattice laser L81 incident on the second atom migration path 12. The optical lattice laser light source 182 transmits an optical lattice laser L82 through a mirror M20 and makes the optical lattice laser L82 incident on the ninth optical resonator path 19.

[0194] The optical lattice laser L81 supplied from the optical lattice laser light source 181 is recycled by propagating counterclockwise within the fourth optical resonator 62. The optical lattice laser L82 supplied from the optical lattice laser light source 182 is recycled by propagating clockwise within the fourth optical resonator 62.

[0195] The clock laser light source 20 transmits a clock laser L20 through a mirror M21 and makes it incident on the second atom transfer path 12.

[0196] The optical lattice laser L71 and the optical lattice laser L72 have mutually shifted frequencies, resulting in a moving optical lattice that moves within the third optical resonator 61. This moving optical lattice transports atoms along the third optical resonator 61 at a constant velocity v (clockwise in the example of FIG. 12 ).

[0197] The optical lattice laser L81 and the optical lattice laser L82 have mutually shifted frequencies, resulting in a moving optical lattice that moves within the fourth optical resonator 62. This moving optical lattice transports atoms along the fourth optical resonator 62 at a constant velocity v (counterclockwise in the example of FIG. 12 ).

[0198] A spectral region SP is defined between the first intersection position P1 and the second intersection position P2 of the second atomic movement path 12 of the fourth optical resonator 62.

[0199] Atoms supplied by the atom supply unit 10 on the first atom transfer path 11 move from the lower left to the upper right on the page along the first atom transfer path 11 of the third optical resonator 61. When the atoms reach the first intersection position P1, they transfer onto the second atom transfer path 12 of the fourth optical resonator 62.

[0200] The atom then moves from top to bottom on the paper surface along the second atom movement path 12. When the atom reaches the second intersection position P2, it transfers to the third atom movement path 13 of the third optical resonator 61. In this way, the atom moves across the third optical resonator 61 and the fourth optical resonator 62.

[0201] The atoms can be projected at any measurement position (e.g., measurement position P3 in FIG. 12 ) on the third atom migration path 13 using a detector 90. For this projection measurement, fluorescence observation using an electron shelving method or a distributed measurement using an optical resonator can be used.

[0202] According to this embodiment, an optical resonator structure capable of longitudinal excitation Ramsey spectroscopy can be realized without applying a magnetic field. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the atom supply unit 10 and the spectroscopic region SP are configured using separate optical resonators. Therefore, for example, scattered light generated by the mirror of the third optical resonator 61 can be prevented from entering the spectroscopic region of the fourth optical resonator 62.

[0203] Furthermore, by using such a double optical cavity, it is possible to selectively use a deep lattice (100 μK) suitable for atom supply and a shallow lattice (50 Er, 10 μK) suitable for spectroscopy, where Er is the recoil energy of the lattice photons.

[0204] Furthermore, for example, if the frequencies of the optical lattice lasers L81 and L72 are v1, the frequency of the optical lattice laser L71 is v2 = v1 - ΔA, and the frequency of the optical lattice laser L82 is v3 = v1 - ΔC, then by independently tuning ΔA and ΔC, it becomes possible to rapidly move atoms into the spectroscopic region while measuring the atoms in the spectroscopic region for a long period of time. In this case, the atomic velocities in each case are vA = ΔA c / (2f) and vC = ΔC c / (2f), where c is the speed of light and f is the frequency of the optical lattice laser.

[0205] 12 shows an example in which the third optical resonator 61 and the fourth optical resonator 62 are on the same plane, but this is not limiting, and these two optical resonators do not have to be on the same plane. For example, by configuring the plane formed by the third optical resonator 61 and the plane formed by the fourth optical resonator 62 to be perpendicular, the entire device can be made more compact. In this case, it is desirable to set the polarization so that the directions of the electric fields of the two resonators are aligned.

[0206] 13 is a schematic diagram of an atomic spectrometer 212 according to a twelfth embodiment. The spectrometer 212 additionally includes a clock laser source 201, a second magnetic shield MS2, a magnetic field generator BG, and a pump region P6 compared to the spectrometer 211 in FIG. The other components of the spectrometer 6 are the same as those of the spectrometer 9.

[0207] A magnetic field B generated by a magnetic field generator BG exists around the second atom transfer path 12 and the third atom transfer path 13. A first magnetic shield MS1 for shielding from the magnetic field B is installed to surround a region of the second atom transfer path 12 that is intended for spectroscopy. Similarly, a second magnetic shield MS2 for shielding from the magnetic field B is installed to surround a region of the third atom transfer path 13 that is intended for spectroscopy.

[0208] The clock laser light source 201 is arranged to supply a clock laser L201 to the third atom movement path 13. Specifically, the clock laser light source 201 supplies the clock laser L201 into the third atom movement path 13, propagating coaxially with the third atom movement path 13 in the opposite direction or the same direction as the movement of the atoms. In other words, the propagation direction of the clock laser L201 is parallel or anti-parallel to the third atom movement path 13. As an example, FIG. 13 shows a clock laser propagating in the same direction as the movement of the atoms.

[0209] The pump region P6 is disposed behind the first magnetic shield MS1 on the second atom transfer path 12. Atoms in an excited state that have left the first magnetic shield MS1 are optically pumped to the ground state in the pump region P6.

[0210] The inside of the first magnetic shield MS1 of the second atom movement path 12 is a first spectroscopic region SP1, and the inside of the second magnetic shield MS2 of the third atom movement path 13 is a second spectroscopic region SP2. The other regions are non-spectroscopic regions.

[0211] The electronic state of atoms moving along the second atom migration path 12 can be projected and measured using a detector 91 at any measurement position on the second atom migration path 12 after the first spectral region SP1 (for example, measurement position P4 in FIG. 13 ). Similarly, the electronic state of atoms moving along the third atom migration path 13 can be projected and measured using a detector 92 at any measurement position on the third atom migration path 13 after the second spectral region SP2 (for example, measurement position P5 in FIG. 13 ). These projection measurements can be performed using fluorescence observation by electron shelving or dispersive measurement using an optical resonator.

[0212] The Rabi frequency of the clock laser L20 for the first spectral region SP1 is Ω1, and the Rabi frequency of the clock laser L201 for the second spectral region SP2 is Ω2. In this case, the Rabi spectral times in the first spectral region SP1 and the second spectral region SP2 are expressed as T1 = π / Ω1 and T2 = π / Ω2, respectively. In this case, if T1 > T2 is realized by setting Ω1 < Ω2, for example, it is possible to obtain a signal required for narrowband high-precision frequency control in SP1, and a signal required for high-speed frequency control in SP2.

[0213] According to this embodiment, it is possible to define multiple spectroscopic regions within the spectroscopic device. This allows multiple measurement positions to be provided within the spectroscopic device. Furthermore, by using multiple clock lasers with different intensities, it is possible to set different interaction times (i.e., Rabi spectroscopic times T1 and T2). This makes it possible to obtain both a "wideband control signal" and a "narrowband and high-precision control signal."

[0214] 10 to 13, a triangular optical resonator and a square optical resonator are used, but the present invention is not limited to these. That is, the optical resonator used in the embodiments may have any shape as long as it is a ring-shaped optical resonator (an optical resonator that generates a traveling wave electric field and is composed of three or more mirrors).

[0215] 14 is a schematic diagram of an atomic spectrometer 213 according to a thirteenth embodiment. The spectrometer 213 is obtained by adding a new component to the spectrometer 211 of FIG.

[0216] The spectroscopic device 213 will be described below, focusing on the configuration added to the spectroscopic device 211. Descriptions of matters that overlap with those of the spectroscopic device 5 will be omitted as appropriate.

[0217] 14 includes a light-shielding shield 80 between the atom supply unit 10 and the second atom transfer path 12. This prevents scattering of the cooling light from entering the spectroscopic region SP, and eliminates perturbations due to light shifts.

[0218] In one embodiment, the spectroscopic device 6 includes an SP shield SPS in an area surrounding the spectroscopic region SP. The inner wall of the SP shield may be coated with a light-absorbing coating. This can absorb stray light, such as cooling light, that enters the spectroscopic region and eliminate perturbations caused by light shifts.

[0219] The SP shield SPS may also serve as a blackbody radiation shield, thereby eliminating perturbations due to blackbody radiation.

[0220] The SP shield (SPS) may also function as a magnetic shield, thereby preventing the influence of magnetic fields and eliminating perturbations due to the z Zeeman effect.

[0221] 15 is a schematic diagram of a continuous wave superradiant laser 214 for atoms according to the seventh embodiment. The continuous wave superradiant laser 214 is configured in the same manner as the spectroscopic device 211 of FIG. 12. That is, the continuous wave superradiant laser 214 includes a triangular third optical resonator 61 and a triangular fourth optical resonator 62.

[0222] Superradiance is a phenomenon in which atoms in an atomic ensemble spontaneously radiate light in phase. Since its theoretical proposal by Dicke in 1954, research into superradiance has progressed in fields such as quantum optics and quantum information (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 5). In superradiance, the frequency of the emitted light is determined by the atomic ensemble itself, and the peak intensity of the emitted light is proportional to the square of the number of atoms. For this reason, superradiant lasers are expected to be realized as lasers that can emit light with stable frequency and intensity. However, continuous oscillation of superradiant lasers has traditionally been difficult to achieve.

[0223] The continuous wave superradiant laser device 214 includes a third optical resonator 61 , a fourth optical resonator 62 , an optical lattice laser light source 171 , an optical lattice laser light source 172 , an optical lattice laser light source 181 , and an optical lattice laser light source 182 .

[0224] The third optical resonator 61 includes the first atom transfer path 11, the third atom transfer path 13, the eighth optical resonator path 18, and mirrors M17, M18, and M19. The mirror M17 is an input coupler that couples the optical lattice lasers L71 and L72 to the optical resonator. The mirror M19 is a concave mirror.

[0225] The mirror M17 is installed between the first atom transfer path 11 and the eighth optical resonator path 18. The mirror M18 is installed between the eighth optical resonator path 18 and the third atom transfer path 13. The mirror M19 is installed between the third atom transfer path 13 and the first atom transfer path 11.

[0226] The fourth optical resonator 62 includes the second atom transfer path 12, the ninth optical resonator path 19, the tenth optical resonator path 191, and mirrors M20, M21, and M22. Of these, mirror M20 is an input coupler that couples the optical lattice lasers L81 and L82 to the optical resonator. Mirror M22 is a concave mirror. Mirror M21 is an output coupler that extracts superradiant laser light.

[0227] The first atom migration path 11 and the second atom migration path 12 intersect at a finite angle at a first intersection position P1, and the second atom migration path 12 and the third atom migration path 13 intersect at a finite angle at a second intersection position P2.

[0228] The mirror M20 is installed between the second atom transfer path 12 and the ninth optical resonator path 19. The mirror M21 is installed between the second atom transfer path 12 and the tenth optical resonator path 191. The mirror M22 is installed between the ninth optical resonator path 19 and the tenth optical resonator path 191.

[0229] The optical lattice laser light source 171 provides the optical lattice laser L71. The optical lattice laser light source 172 provides the optical lattice laser L72. The optical lattice laser light source 181 provides the optical lattice laser L81. The optical lattice laser light source 182 provides the optical lattice laser L82.

[0230] The optical lattice laser light source 171 transmits an optical lattice laser L71 through a mirror M17 and makes it incident on the first atom migration path 11. The optical lattice laser light source 172 transmits an optical lattice laser L51 through a mirror M17 and makes it incident on the eighth optical resonator path 18.

[0231] The optical lattice laser L71 supplied from the optical lattice laser light source 171 is recycled by propagating counterclockwise within the third optical resonator 61. The optical lattice laser L72 supplied from the optical lattice laser light source 172 is recycled by propagating clockwise within the third optical resonator 61.

[0232] The optical lattice laser light source 181 transmits an optical lattice laser L81 through a mirror M20 and makes the optical lattice laser L81 incident on the second atom migration path 12. The optical lattice laser light source 182 transmits an optical lattice laser L82 through a mirror M20 and makes the optical lattice laser L82 incident on the ninth optical resonator path 19.

[0233] The optical lattice laser L81 supplied from the optical lattice laser light source 181 is recycled by propagating clockwise within the fourth optical resonator 62. The optical lattice laser L82 supplied from the optical lattice laser light source 182 is recycled by propagating clockwise within the fourth optical resonator 62.

[0234] The optical lattice laser L71 and the optical lattice laser L72 have mutually shifted frequencies, resulting in a moving optical lattice that moves within the third optical resonator 61. This moving optical lattice transports atoms along the third optical resonator 61 at a constant velocity v (clockwise in the example of FIG. 15 ).

[0235] The optical lattice laser L81 and the optical lattice laser L82 have mutually shifted frequencies, resulting in a moving optical lattice that moves within the fourth optical resonator 62. This moving optical lattice transports atoms along the fourth optical resonator 62 at a constant velocity v (counterclockwise in the example of FIG. 15 ).

[0236] A clock transition space TR is defined between the first intersection position P1 and the second intersection position P2 of the second atomic migration path 12 of the fourth optical resonator 62.

[0237] The atoms cause clock transition superradiance in the clock transition space TR, and continuous oscillation of a superradiant laser is obtained by the fourth optical resonator 62. This superradiant laser can be outputted by passing through the mirror M21.

[0238] Atoms supplied by the atom supply unit 10 on the first atom transfer path 11 move along the first atom transfer path 11 of the third optical resonator 61 from the lower left to the upper right of the page. The atoms are prepared into an excited state of the clock transition by optical pumping. When this excited state atom reaches the first intersection position P1, it transfers to the second atom transfer path 12 of the fourth optical resonator 62.

[0239] The atom then moves from top to bottom on the paper along the second atom movement path 12. By the time the atom reaches the second intersection position P2, it has transitioned to the ground state by superradiance. This ground state atom then transfers to the third atom movement path 13 of the third optical resonator 61. In this way, the atom moves across the third optical resonator 61 and the fourth optical resonator 62.

[0240] The used ground state atoms can be discarded at any discard position on the third atom migration path 13 (for example, discard position P10 in FIG. 15).

[0241] In the case of superradiance, in which the superradiant relaxation time is shorter than the transit time t_TR of the atom in the clock transition space TR, the atom in the clock transition space TR may be excited by optical pumping.

[0242] According to this embodiment, it is possible to continuously inject excited atoms and extract ground state atoms, thereby realizing continuous superradiant laser oscillation.

[0243] 16 is a schematic diagram of a continuous wave super radiant laser 215 according to a fifteenth embodiment. The continuous wave super radiant laser 215 additionally includes a first magnetic shield MS1 and a magnetic field generator BG in addition to the components of the continuous wave super radiant laser 214 in FIG. 15. The remaining configuration of the continuous wave super radiant laser 215 is the same as that of the continuous wave super radiant laser 214.

[0244] A magnetic field B generated by a magnetic field generator BG exists around the second atomic migration path 12. A first magnetic shield MS1 for shielding the magnetic field B is installed surrounding a region of the second atomic migration path 12 where the minute clock transition is intended.

[0245] The inside of the first magnetic shield MS1 of the second atomic migration path 12 becomes a first clock transition region TR1. No clock transition occurs in other regions.

[0246] The atoms undergo superradiance in the first clock transition space TR1 due to clock transition, and continuous oscillation of the first superradiant laser is obtained by the fourth optical resonator 62. This superradiant laser can be outputted through the mirror M21.

[0247] Atoms supplied by the atom supply unit 10 on the first atom transfer path 11 move along the first atom transfer path 11 of the third optical resonator 61 from the lower left to the upper right of the page. The atoms are prepared into an excited state of clock transition by optical pumping. When the excited atoms reach the first intersection position P1, they transfer to the second atom transfer path 12 of the fourth optical resonator 62.

[0248] The excited state atoms that have left the first magnetic shield MS1 transition to the ground state by superradiance. The ground state atoms then transfer to the third atom transfer path 13 of the third optical resonator 61 at the second intersection position P2. In this way, the atoms move across the third optical resonator 61 and the fourth optical resonator 62.

[0249] In the case of superradiance, in which the superradiant relaxation time is shorter than the transit time t_TR of the atom in the clock transition space TR, the atom in the clock transition space TR may be excited by optical pumping.

[0250] The atom then moves along a third atom movement path 13 from the lower right to the upper left of the paper.

[0251] The used ground state atoms can be discarded at any discard position on the third atom migration path 13 (for example, discard position P10 in FIG. 16).

[0252] 15 and 16 show an example in which the third optical resonator 61 and the fourth optical resonator 62 are on the same plane, but this is not limiting, and these two optical resonators do not have to be on the same plane. For example, by configuring the plane of the third optical resonator 61 and the plane of the fourth optical resonator 62 to be perpendicular to each other, the entire device can be made more compact.

[0253] 16th Embodiment FIG. 17 is a flowchart of a spectroscopy method according to a sixteenth embodiment. This spectroscopy method uses the spectroscopy device according to the above-described embodiment. Specifically, the spectroscopy device includes a first atom migration path having an atom supply unit, a second atom migration path that intersects with the first atom migration path at a finite angle at a first intersection position, a third atom migration path that intersects with the second atom migration path at a finite angle at a second intersection position, and a clock laser light source that supplies a clock laser to the second atom migration path. The spectroscopy method according to this embodiment includes the steps of: supplying atoms that move at a constant speed along the first atom migration path using the atom supply unit; supplying a clock laser light source into the second atom migration path using a clock laser light source. The clock laser light propagates coaxially with the second atom migration path in either the opposite direction or the same direction as the movement of the atoms; and forming a spectroscopy region between the first intersection position and the second intersection position on the second atom migration path, in which the clock laser excites the atoms to a clock transition.

[0254] According to this embodiment, a spectral region SP is defined with the first intersection position P1 as the start point and the second intersection position P2 as the end point, and longitudinal excitation Rabi spectroscopy can be performed. Also, longitudinal excitation Ramsey spectroscopy may be performed in the spectral region SP.

[0255] The present invention has been described above based on the embodiments. These embodiments are merely examples, and it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications are possible in the combination of the respective components and treatment processes, and that such modifications are also within the scope of the present invention.

[0256] For example, as an extension of the above embodiment, it is conceivable to construct an atomic ring resonator, an atomic interferometer, an atomic gyroscope, a quantum computer using controlled collisions, etc. by splitting and combining the atomic motion using multiple moving optical lattices.

[0257] Any combination of the above-described embodiments and modifications is also useful as an embodiment of the present invention. A new embodiment resulting from the combination has the combined effects of each of the combined embodiments and modifications.

[0258] When understanding the abstract technical ideas of the embodiments and modifications, the technical ideas should not be interpreted as being limited to the contents of the embodiments and modifications. The above-described embodiments and modifications are merely illustrative examples, and many design modifications, such as changes, additions, and deletions of components, are possible. In the embodiments, the contents in which such design modifications are possible are emphasized by adding the notation "embodiment." However, design modifications are also permitted even in contents without such notation.

[0259] The present invention relates to a spectroscopic device, a continuous wave superradiant laser device and a spectroscopic method.

[0260] 1. Spectroscopic device. 2. Spectroscopic device. 3. Spectroscopic device. 4. Spectroscopic device. 5. Spectroscopic device. 6. Spectroscopic device. 7. Spectroscopic device. 8. Spectroscopic device. 9. Spectroscopic device. 10. Atom supply unit. 11. First atom transfer path. 12. Second atom transfer path. 13. Third atom transfer path. 14. Fourth optical resonator path. 15. Fifth optical resonator path. 16. Sixth optical resonator path. 17. Seventh optical resonator path. 18. Eighth optical resonator path. 19. Ninth optical resonator path. 20. Clock laser light source. 30. Optical resonator. 40. First optical resonator. 50. Second optical resonator. 61. Third optical resonator. 62. Fourth optical resonator. 80: Light shield. 90: Detector. 91: Detector. 92: Detector. 111: First optical lattice laser light source for the first atom migration path. 112: Second optical lattice laser light source for the first atom migration path. 121: First optical lattice laser light source for the second atom migration path. 122: Second optical lattice laser light source for the second atom migration path. 131: First optical lattice laser light source for the third atom migration path. 132: Second optical lattice laser light source for the third atom migration path. 141: Optical lattice laser light source. 142: Optical lattice laser light source. 151: Optical lattice laser light source. 152: Optical lattice laser light source. 161: Optical lattice laser light source. 162: Optical lattice laser light source. 171: Optical lattice laser light source. 172: Optical lattice laser light source. 181: Optical lattice laser light source. 182: Optical lattice laser light source. 191: Tenth optical resonator path. 201: Clock laser light source. 210: Spectroscopic device. 211: Spectroscopic device. 212: Spectroscopic device. 213: Spectroscopic device. 214: Continuous wave superradiant laser device. 215: Continuous wave superradiant laser device. 1000: Atomic transition frequency measurement device. 1001: Atom supply unit. 1002a: Clock laser. 1002b: Clock laser. 1002c: Clock laser. 1002d: Clock laser. 9000: Detector. B: Magnetic field. BG: Magnetic field generator. L11: Optical lattice laser. L12: Optical lattice laser. L20: Clock laser. L201: Clock laser. L21: Optical lattice laser. L22: Optical lattice laser.L31: Optical lattice laser. L32: Optical lattice laser. L41: Optical lattice laser. L42: Optical lattice laser. L51: Optical lattice laser. L52: Optical lattice laser. L61: Optical lattice laser. L62: Optical lattice laser. L71: Optical lattice laser. L72: Optical lattice laser. L81: Optical lattice laser. L82: Optical lattice laser. M1: Mirror. M2: Mirror. M3: Mirror. M4: Mirror. M5: Mirror. M6: Mirror. M7: Mirror. M8: Mirror. M9: Mirror. M10: Mirror. M11: Mirror. M12: Mirror. M13: Mirror. M14: Mirror. M15: Mirror. M16: Mirror. M17: Mirror. M18: Mirror. M19: Mirror. M20: Mirror. M21: Mirror. M22: Mirror. MS: Magnetic shield. MS1: First magnetic shield. MS2: Second magnetic shield. P1: First intersection position. P2: Second intersection position. P3: Measurement position. P4: Measurement position. P5: Measurement position. P6: Pump region. P10: Atom disposal position. SP: Spectroscopic region. SPS: SP shield. SP1: First spectroscopic region. SP2: Second spectroscopic region. S1: Step of supplying atoms. S2: Step of supplying a clock laser. S1: Step of forming a spectroscopic region. TR: Clock transition region. TR1: First clock transition region. TR2: Second clock transition region. Tr1...Atomic orbit. Tr2...Atomic orbit.

Claims

1. A spectroscopic device comprising: a first atom transfer path having an atom supply unit; a second atom transfer path that intersects with the first atom transfer path at a first intersection position at a finite angle; a third atom transfer path that intersects with the second atom transfer path at a second intersection position at a finite angle; and a clock laser light source that supplies a clock laser that propagates to the second atom transfer path in the same direction as or counter to the movement of atoms, wherein a spectroscopic region is formed between the first intersection position and the second intersection position on the second atom transfer path in which the clock laser excites the atoms to a clock transition.

2. The device comprises: an atom supply unit; a first atom transfer path; a first optical lattice laser light source for the first atom transfer path; a second optical lattice laser light source for the first atom transfer path; a second atom transfer path; a first optical lattice laser light source for the second atom transfer path; a third atom transfer path; a first optical lattice laser light source for the third atom transfer path; a second optical lattice laser light source for the third atom transfer path; and a first clock laser light source, wherein the atom supply unit supplies atoms moving along the first atom transfer path at a constant speed; and the first optical lattice laser light source for the first atom transfer path and the second optical lattice laser light source for the first atom transfer path supply a pair of optical lattice lasers that move along the first atom transfer path in opposite directions and whose optical frequencies are shifted relative to each other, thereby forming a first moving optical lattice formed by standing waves moving along the first atom transfer path. The first optical lattice laser light source for the second atomic movement path and the second optical lattice laser light source for the second atomic movement path form a second moving optical lattice formed by standing waves moving along the second atomic movement path by supplying a pair of optical lattice lasers that propagate along the second atomic movement path in opposite directions and whose optical frequencies are shifted relative to each other; the first optical lattice laser light source for the third atomic movement path and the second optical lattice laser light source for the third atomic movement path form a third moving optical lattice formed by standing waves moving along the third atomic movement path by supplying a pair of optical lattice lasers that propagate along the third atomic movement path in opposite directions and whose optical frequencies are shifted relative to each other; the first clock laser light source supplies a first clock laser into the second atomic movement path that propagates coaxially with the second atomic movement path in the opposite or the same direction as the motion of the atoms; the first atomic movement path and the second atomic movement path intersect at a finite angle at a first intersection position; the second atomic movement path and the third atomic movement path intersect at a finite angle at a second intersection position, and a spectroscopic region is formed between the first intersection position and the second intersection position in which the first clock laser excites the atoms to a clock transition.

3. The spectroscopic device of claim 2, further comprising a first magnetic shield between the first intersection position and the second intersection position for forming a first spectroscopic region on the second atomic migration path when a magnetic field is present in the vicinity.

4. The spectroscopic apparatus according to claim 3, characterized by comprising a magnetic field generator for generating a magnetic field in the surrounding area.

5. The spectroscopic device according to claim 4, further comprising a second magnetic shield disposed after the second intersection position for forming a second spectroscopic region on the third atomic migration path.

6. The spectroscopic device of claim 5, further comprising a second clock laser light source for supplying a second clock laser within the third atom movement path that propagates coaxially with the third atom movement path in a direction opposite to or the same as the movement of the atoms.

7. The spectroscopic device of claim 6, wherein the intensities of the first clock laser and the second clock laser are different from each other, thereby setting different interaction times in the first spectral region and the second spectral region, thereby obtaining a wideband control signal and a narrowband, high-precision control signal, respectively.

8. The spectroscopic apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the optical lattice laser is set to a magic frequency that does not cause a Stark shift in the clock transition.

9. The spectroscopic device described in claim 2, characterized in that at the first intersection position, the polarization directions of the electric field formed in the first atomic movement path and the electric field formed in the second atomic movement path are aligned, or at the second intersection position, the polarization directions of the electric field formed in the second atomic movement path and the electric field formed in the third atomic movement path are aligned.

10. An optical lattice laser light source for a first atom transfer path, a first atom transfer path, a second atom transfer path, a third atom transfer path, an optical lattice laser light source for a third atom transfer path, and a first clock laser light source, wherein one end of the first atom transfer path and one end of the second atom transfer path are optically connected, and one end of the third atom transfer path and the other end of the second atom transfer path are optically connected, the atom supply unit supplies atoms that move along the first atom transfer path at a constant speed, and the optical lattice laser light source for the first atom transfer path and the optical lattice laser light source for the third atom transfer path supply pairs of optical lattice lasers that travel in opposite directions along the first atom transfer path, the second atom transfer path, and the third atom transfer path, the optical lattice laser light sources having optical frequencies shifted from each other, thereby forming a moving optical lattice of standing waves that move along the first atom transfer path, the second atom transfer path, and the third atom transfer path, the first clock laser light source supplies a first clock laser into the second atomic movement path, the first clock laser propagating coaxially with the second atomic movement path in a direction opposite to or the same as the movement of the atoms; the first atomic movement path and the second atomic movement path intersect at a first intersection position at a finite angle; the second atomic movement path and the third atomic movement path intersect at a second intersection position at a finite angle; and a spectroscopic region is formed between the first intersection position and the second intersection position, in which the first clock laser excites the atoms to a clock transition.

11. The spectroscopic apparatus according to claim 10, characterized by comprising a magnetic field generator for generating a magnetic field in the surrounding area.

12. The spectroscopic device described in claim 11, characterized in that it comprises a first magnetic shield between the first intersection position and the second intersection position for forming a first spectroscopic region on the second atomic movement path, and a second magnetic shield after the second intersection position for forming a second spectroscopic region on the third atomic movement path.

13. The spectroscopic device of claim 12, further comprising a second clock laser light source for supplying a second clock laser within the third atom movement path, the second clock laser propagating coaxially with the third atom movement path in a direction opposite to or the same as the movement of the atoms.

14. The spectroscopic apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that the intensity of the first clock laser and the intensity of the second clock laser are different, thereby setting different interaction times for the first and second spectral regions, respectively, to acquire a broadband control signal and a narrowband, high-precision control signal, respectively.

15. An optical resonator including a first atomic movement path having an atom supply unit, a second atomic movement path, and a third atomic movement path as optical paths, a first optical lattice laser light source, a second optical lattice laser light source, and a first clock laser light source, wherein the atom supply unit supplies atoms moving along the first atomic movement path at a constant speed, the first optical lattice laser light source and the second optical lattice laser light source supply a pair of optical lattice lasers that propagate in opposite directions within the optical resonator and whose optical frequencies are shifted relative to each other, thereby forming a moving optical lattice of standing waves moving along the first atomic movement path, the second atomic movement path, and the third atomic movement path, the first clock laser light source supplies a first clock laser into the second atomic movement path that propagates coaxially with the second atomic movement path in the opposite or same direction as the motion of the atoms, and the first atomic movement path and the second atomic movement path intersect at a finite angle at a first intersection position. the second atomic movement path and the third atomic movement path intersect at a finite angle at a second intersection position, and a spectroscopic region is formed between the first intersection position and the second intersection position in which the first clock laser excites the atoms to a clock transition.

16. The spectroscopic device according to claim 15, further comprising a magnetic field generator for generating a magnetic field in its vicinity.

17. The spectroscopic device described in claim 16, characterized in that it comprises a first magnetic shield between the first intersection position and the second intersection position for forming a first spectroscopic region on the second atomic movement path, and a second magnetic shield after the second intersection position for forming a second spectroscopic region on the third atomic movement path.

18. The spectroscopic apparatus according to claim 17, further comprising a second clock laser light source for supplying a second clock laser to the third atomic transport path, which propagates coaxially with the third atomic transport path in the opposite or same direction as the motion of the atoms.

19. The spectroscopic device of claim 18, wherein the intensities of the first clock laser and the second clock laser are different from each other, thereby setting different interaction times in the first spectral region and the second spectral region, thereby obtaining a wideband control signal and a narrowband, high-precision control signal, respectively.

20. The spectroscopic device according to claim 15, wherein the optical resonator is a ring-type optical resonator.

21. A laser beam splitter comprising a first optical resonator including a first atom transfer path having an atom supply unit and a third atom transfer path as optical paths; a second optical resonator including a second atom transfer path as an optical path; a first first optical lattice laser light source and a second first optical lattice laser light source that supply an optical lattice laser to the first optical resonator; a first second optical lattice laser light source and a second second optical lattice laser light source that supply an optical lattice laser to the second optical resonator; and a first clock laser light source, wherein the atom supply unit supplies atoms that move at a constant speed along the first atom transfer path; and the first first optical lattice laser light source and the second first optical lattice laser light source supply a pair of optical lattice lasers that travel in opposite directions within the first optical resonator and have optical frequencies shifted from each other, thereby forming a moving optical lattice of standing waves that move along the first atom transfer path and the third atom transfer path; the first second optical lattice laser light source and the second second optical lattice laser light source supply a pair of optical lattice lasers that travel in opposite directions within the second optical resonator, the pair having optical lattice lasers shifted from each other in optical frequency, thereby forming a moving optical lattice of standing waves that travel along the second atomic migration path; the first clock laser light source supplies a first clock laser into the second atomic migration path, the first clock laser propagating coaxially with the second atomic migration path in either the opposite direction or the same direction as the movement of the atoms; the first atomic migration path and the second atomic migration path intersect at a first intersection position at a finite angle; the second atomic migration path and the third atomic migration path intersect at a second intersection position at a finite angle; and a spectroscopic region in which the first clock laser excites the atoms to a clock transition is formed between the first intersection position and the second intersection position.

22. The spectroscopic device according to claim 21, wherein the first optical resonator and the second optical resonator are capable of individually setting the potential depth of the optical lattice suitable for atom loading and atom spectroscopy, respectively.

23. The spectroscopic apparatus according to claim 21, characterized by comprising a magnetic field generator for generating a magnetic field in the surrounding area.

24. The spectroscopic device described in claim 23, characterized in that it comprises a first magnetic shield between the first intersection position and the second intersection position for forming a first spectroscopic region on the second atomic movement path, and a second magnetic shield after the second intersection position for forming a second spectroscopic region on the third atomic movement path.

25. The spectroscopic device of claim 24, further comprising a second clock laser light source for supplying a second clock laser within the third atom movement path, the second clock laser propagating coaxially with the third atom movement path in a direction opposite to or the same as the movement of the atoms.

26. The spectroscopic device of claim 25, wherein the intensities of the first clock laser and the second clock laser are different from each other, thereby setting different interaction times in the first spectral region and the second spectral region, thereby obtaining a wideband control signal and a narrowband, high-precision control signal, respectively.

27. The spectroscopic device according to claim 21, wherein the first optical resonator is a square optical resonator, and the second optical resonator is a triangular optical resonator.

28. The spectroscopic apparatus according to claim 21, characterized in that the first optical resonator and the second optical resonator are triangular optical resonators.

29. The spectroscopic device according to claim 1, further comprising a light shielding plate for preventing cooling light from entering the spectroscopic region.

30. The spectroscopic device of claim 1, further comprising a magnetic shield surrounding the spectroscopic region.

31. The spectroscopic device of claim 30, wherein the inner wall of the magnetic shield is coated with a light-absorbing coating.

32. The spectroscopic device of claim 1, further comprising a blackbody radiation shield surrounding the spectroscopic region.

33. The spectroscopic device of claim 32, wherein the inner wall of the blackbody radiation shield is coated with a light-absorbing coating.

34. The optical resonator includes a first atomic transfer path having an atomic supply unit and a third atomic transfer path as optical paths, a second optical resonator including a second atomic transfer path as an optical path, a first optical lattice laser light source and a second optical lattice laser light source that supply an optical lattice laser to the first optical resonator, a first second optical lattice laser light source and a second optical lattice laser light source that supply an optical lattice laser to the second optical resonator, wherein the atomic supply unit supplies atoms moving along the first atomic transfer path at a constant speed, and the first optical lattice laser light source and the second optical lattice laser light source supply a pair of optical lattice lasers that move in opposite directions within the first optical resonator and have their optical frequencies shifted relative to each other, thereby forming a moving optical lattice of standing waves moving along the first atomic transfer path and the third atomic transfer path. The continuous-oscillation superradiance laser apparatus is characterized in that the first and second optical lattice laser sources supply a pair of optical lattice lasers, each pair of optical lattice lasers, which move in opposite directions within the second optical resonator and whose optical frequencies are shifted relative to each other, thereby forming a moving optical lattice formed by standing waves moving along the second atomic movement path; the first atomic movement path and the second atomic movement path intersect at a finite angle at a first intersection position; the second atomic movement path and the third atomic movement path intersect at a finite angle at a second intersection position; a clock transition space is formed between the first and second intersection positions; and continuous oscillation of a superradiance laser is performed in the second optical resonator including the clock transition space.

35. The continuous-oscillation superradiance laser apparatus according to 34, further comprising a first magnetic shield for forming a first clock transition space in the second atomic transfer path, a second magnetic shield for forming a second clock transition space in the third atomic transfer path, a magnetic field generator, and a pump region, wherein continuous oscillation of a first superradiance laser is performed in the second optical resonator including the first clock transition space, and continuous oscillation of a second superradiance laser is performed in the first optical resonator including the second clock transition space.

36. A spectroscopic method using a spectroscopic device, comprising: a first atom migration path having an atom supply unit; a second atom migration path that intersects with the first atom migration path at a first intersection position at a finite angle; a third atom migration path that intersects with the second atom migration path at a second intersection position at a finite angle; and a clock laser light source that supplies a clock laser to the second atom migration path, the spectroscopic method comprising: step S1, using the atom supply unit, to supply atoms that move at a constant speed along the first atom migration path; step S2, using the clock laser light source, to supply, into the second atom migration path, a clock laser that propagates coaxially with the second atom migration path in either the opposite direction or the same direction as the movement of the atoms; and step S3, on the second atom migration path, between the first intersection position and the second intersection position, to form a spectroscopic region in which the clock laser excites the atoms to a clock transition.

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