Training structure

Abstract

[Problem] To provide a training structure capable of reproducing a collapsed building or a structure close to a collapsed building. [Solution] A training structure according to the present invention is a training structure erected on an installation surface, the training structure comprising: a frame having an installation portion for an upper structure; and a plurality of support bodies joined to the frame and having tips in contact with the installation surface. The plurality of support bodies are positioned outside the installation portion in an extending direction of the frame, and at least some support bodies among the plurality of support bodies are configured to be adjustable in length.

Description

training structure

[0001] The present invention relates to a training structure used mainly for rescue training in the event of a disaster, and more particularly to a training structure that reproduces the state of a collapsed building.

[0002] The following training device has been disclosed in the past: "This training device has a simple structure and is capable of stably and freely changing the tilt of the table. By changing the tilt of the table, it is possible to form spaces of any shape between the table and the floor, ceiling, etc., making it easy to conduct rescue training in which the space formed between the table and the floor, ceiling, etc. is treated as a scene of a collapsed house or building" (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

[0003] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2018-128676

[0004] However, although the training device disclosed in Patent Document 1 can reproduce the narrow spaces between the ceiling and floor, it cannot train a series of rescue operations from entering an actual collapsed building such as a house to carrying out a rescue victim. In other words, the training device disclosed in Patent Document 1 has the problem of not being able to comprehensively reproduce an actual collapsed building, including the superstructure.

[0005] The present invention is intended to solve the above-mentioned problems, and aims to provide a training structure that can reproduce a collapsed building or a structure similar to a collapsed building.

[0006] The training structure of the present invention is a training structure erected on an installation surface, and comprises a frame having an installation section for an upper structure, and a plurality of supports joined to the frame and having their tips abutting the installation surface, wherein, when a first direction in which the frame extends and a second direction perpendicular to the first direction are defined, the plurality of supports are positioned outside the installation section in at least the first direction, and at least some of the plurality of supports are configured to be adjustable in length.

[0007] According to the above-mentioned method, the superstructure of a collapsed building and the narrow space below the superstructure can be simultaneously reproduced. In addition, since the supports supporting the superstructure are positioned outside the installation area of ​​the superstructure, the superstructure can be stably supported even when it is tilted, which has the advantage of reducing the occurrence of accidents during training.

[0008] 4 is a perspective view of the training structure 100 according to the first embodiment. FIG. 5 is a front view of the training structure 100 according to the first embodiment. FIG. 6 is a perspective view of an outrigger unit 10 of the training structure 100 according to the first embodiment. FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of an example of a support body 11 of the training structure 100 according to the first embodiment. FIG. 8 is an enlarged view showing a state in which the frame 12 of FIG. 4 is tilted. FIG. 9 is an enlarged view of a modified example of the support body 11 of the training structure 100 according to the first embodiment. FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a living space module 21 constituting the superstructure 20 of the training structure 100 according to the first embodiment. FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a roof module 22 constituting the superstructure 20 of the training structure 100 according to the first embodiment. FIG. 12 is a front view of an example of a state in which the training structure 100 according to the first embodiment is in use. FIG. 13 is a front view of a modified example of the training structure 100 according to the first embodiment. FIG. 14 is a perspective view showing an example of a combination of the modules of the training structure 100 according to the first embodiment. FIG. 15 is a perspective view showing an example of a combination of the modules of the training structure 100 according to the first embodiment. Fig. 14 is a front view showing an example of a combination of modules of the training structure 100 according to embodiment 1. Fig. 15 is a side view corresponding to Fig. 14. Fig. 16 is an enlarged view of an example of a portion where modules constituting the training structure 100 are connected in the training structure 100 according to embodiment 1. Fig. 17 is a side view showing a modified example in which a member placement structure is added to the underside of the upper structure 20. Fig. 18 is an enlarged view of a structure for positioning panel-like members to be installed on the training structure 100.

[0009] Preferred embodiments of the training structure of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. Note that the embodiments described below are preferred specific examples of the present invention, and therefore various technically preferable limitations are attached, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to these aspects unless otherwise specified in the following description to the effect that the present invention is limited.

[0010] Embodiment 1. (Overall Structure of Training Structure 100) Figure 1 is a perspective view of the training structure 100 according to Embodiment 1. Figure 2 is a front view of the training structure 100 according to Embodiment 1. The training structure 100 is a structure for conducting training to rescue a person in need of rescue who is trapped in a collapsed house or the like, and is installed on an installation surface 90. The training structure 100 includes an outrigger unit 10 installed on the installation surface 90 and an upper structure 20 installed on the outrigger unit 10. The training structure 100 may also include a lower structure 30 disposed below the frame 12 of the outrigger unit 10. The outrigger unit 10 is configured so that the frame 12 can be tilted, and the upper structure 20 installed on the frame 12 can be installed at an angle. Furthermore, the height of the frame 12 of the outrigger unit 10 from the installation surface 90 can be adjusted, and the frame 12 and the lower structure 30 can be used together to recreate a narrow space.

[0011] The x-direction shown in FIG. 1 is the longitudinal direction of the long member 12a of the frame 12 of the outrigger unit 10. The y-direction is the longitudinal direction of the short member 12b of the frame 12 of the outrigger unit 10. The z-direction is perpendicular to the frame 12 of the outrigger unit 10 and is the direction in which the support body 11 and the columns 21b of the upper structure 20 extend. In other words, when an imaginary plane formed by the members 12a and 12b of the frame 12 is defined, the x-direction and the y-direction are two directions that intersect with each other at right angles within a plane parallel to the imaginary plane. The z-direction is the direction that intersects with the imaginary plane formed by the members 12a and 12b. The definitions of the x-, y-, and z-directions are the same in the drawings following FIG. 1. Note that, with regard to the x-, y-, and z-directions, the ends in the x-direction are referred to as the x1-side and the x2-side, respectively, and the ends in the y-direction are referred to as the y1-side and the y2-side, respectively. The upper side in the z direction is referred to as the z1 side, and the lower side is referred to as the z2 side.

[0012] The outrigger unit 10 has an installation portion for the upper structure 20 in the center in the x direction, and has a plurality of supports 11 on the outside in the x direction. The plurality of supports 11, in cooperation with the frame 12, adjust the height and inclination angle of the upper structure 20 from the installation surface 90.

[0013] (Outrigger unit 10) Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the outrigger unit 10 of the training structure 100 according to embodiment 1. The outrigger unit 10 is composed of a frame 12 formed by members 12a extending in the x direction and members 12b extending in the y direction, and a plurality of supports 11 joined to the frame 12. The frame 12 is composed of, for example, H-shaped steel, square steel, angle steel, channel steel, plate material, or the like, and may also be a tubular steel material.

[0014] The frame 12 has short members 12b connected to positions slightly inward from both ends of a long member 12a extending in the x direction, and a rectangular opening 19 is formed inside the members 12a and 12b. The upper surface of the frame 12 forms a plane P on which an upper structure 20 is installed. Supports 11 are joined to the end faces of the long member 12a extending in the x direction. The frame 12 connects the multiple supports 11 together, and in the example shown in Figure 3, supports 11 are arranged at each of the four corners of the approximately rectangular frame 12. Two supports 11 lined up in the y direction are connected by short members 12b.

[0015] A plurality of base materials 13 are placed across an opening 19 formed in the center of the frame 12. The base materials 13 are arranged so as to cross the opening 19 in the y direction. Both ends of the base materials 13 are supported by cylindrical bodies 14 joined to the underside of the members 12a of the frame 12. The cylindrical bodies 14 are joined to the underside of each of the two members 12a arranged side by side in the y direction. Two cylindrical bodies 14 are installed in pairs on each of the members 12a. One base material 13, which is a rod-shaped member, is inserted into the pair of cylindrical bodies 14.

[0016] Each cylindrical body 14 may have a structure for fixing the base material 13 so that it does not move. For example, the cylindrical body 14 may have a hole through which a bolt or set screw can be inserted and screwed, and may be configured so that the tip of the bolt or set screw can be pressed against the base material 13 inserted into the cylindrical body 14 to fix it (set screw fixation). The base material 13 shown in FIG. 3 is supported by a pair of cylindrical bodies 14 attached to the frame 12, but it may be supported or fixed by other structures. For example, the base material 13 may be supported or fixed by a structure such as a clamp, bracket, or band instead of the cylindrical body 14. Furthermore, the frame 12 may have a hole through which the base material 13 is inserted. The structure for installing the base material 13, including the cylindrical body 14, as described above, is sometimes referred to as a base support structure.

[0017] A plurality of base materials 13 are arranged in the x direction and are spaced at equal intervals. The base materials 13 are preferably made of, for example, wood and are replaceable. Flooring, tatami mats, ceiling materials, etc. can be installed on the base materials 13. In other words, the openings 19 in the frame 12 are configured so that a structure equivalent to the floor or ceiling of a building can be reproduced. The flooring, tatami mats, etc. are placed or fixed on the upper side of the base materials 13. The ceiling material is attached to the lower side of the base materials 13. In other words, components can be installed on both the upper and lower sides of the base material 13 depending on the application.

[0018] The plurality of supports 11 are configured so that their lengths can be changed (so that the height of the adjustment structure 17 from the installation surface 90 can be changed). The supports 11 have, for example, a hydraulic jack (bottle jack, floor jack), a jack that adjusts the height with a screw (screw jack), a rack-and-pinion jack (rack jack), a worm gear jack (worm jack), a pneumatic jack, or a structure that applies any of these.

[0019] (Adjustment Structure of Support Body 11) Figure 4 is an enlarged view of an example of the support body 11 of the training structure 100 according to the first embodiment. The support body 11 of the training structure 100 according to the first embodiment includes a leg 15 having an end 15a in contact with the installation surface 90, a stopper 18 that is screwed onto the leg 15, and an adjustment structure 17 that is placed on the stopper 18. One end 15a of the leg 15 is configured in a plate, disk, or truncated cone shape so as to contact the installation surface 90 over as large an area as possible. The end 15a of the leg 15 and a rod-shaped leg main body 15b may be connected by a universal bearing or the like, and the angle formed between the end 15a and the leg main body 15b may be configured to be changeable to some extent.

[0020] The leg body 15b is provided with a male thread at least on its upper end (the end on the z1 side), and is configured to screw into the stopper 18. The stopper 18 has a hole with a female thread formed along its central axis, and is configured to be able to rotate and move in the axial direction (z direction) of the leg body 15b. The stopper 18 preferably has a cross-sectional shape with a predetermined two-face width, such as a hexagon, and is configured so that it can be rotated with a tool.

[0021] FIG. 5 is an enlarged view showing the tilted state of the frame 12 in FIG. 4 . The adjustment structure 17 is configured so that the upper end of the leg body 15b can be inserted therein. The adjustment structure 17 is provided with an insertion hole 17c so that the leg body 15b can be inserted from the z2 side, and the leg body 15b inserted through the insertion hole 17c can be tilted inside. The support 11 shown in FIG. 5 shows a state in which the stopper 18 of the other support 11 is lowered, and the frame 12 is tilted downward in the x1 direction. The upper part of the adjustment structure 17 is provided with an insertion hole 17d so that the leg body 15b can pass through. When the adjustment structure 17 is set low, the adjustment structure 17 is provided with an insertion hole 17d so that the leg body 15b can pass through the adjustment structure 17, and the tip of the leg body 15b can protrude toward the z1 side.

[0022] The adjustment structure 17 can move freely in the z direction relative to the leg main body 15b, but movement toward the z2 side is restricted by the stopper 18. The stopper 18 abuts the z2-side end face 17a of the adjustment structure 17 and supports the adjustment structure 17 from the z2 side. In the state shown in FIG. 4, the adjustment structure 17 is substantially perpendicular to the installation surface 90, and the frame 12 is parallel to the installation surface 90. In the state shown in FIG. 5, the adjustment structure 17 and the frame 12 are tilted. In the state shown in FIG. 5, the z direction is shown slightly tilted from the direction of gravity. In FIGS. 4 and 5, the frame 12 and adjustment structure 17 attempt to move due to gravity, but the stopper 18 restricts the movement of the adjustment structure 17. The stopper 18 according to the first embodiment, together with the leg main body 15b, sets the height and inclination angle of the frame 12 and upper structure 20 from the installation surface 90 using a threaded structure. The stopper 18 may further include a mechanism for fixing the male thread of the leg main body 15b to prevent it from rotating. For example, the stopper 18 may have a double nut structure that screws into the male threaded portion of the leg main body 15b, or may have an anti-rotation structure such as a key that fits into both the stopper 18 and the adjustment structure 17.

[0023] 5, the adjustment structure 17 is inclined relative to the leg main body 15b. The inner diameters of the insertion holes 17c and 17d provided in the adjustment structure 17 are set larger than the outer diameter of the leg main body 15b, and the adjustment structure 17 can be inclined relative to the leg main body 15b by the amount of this gap. In this way, the training structure 100 according to embodiment 1 can adjust the inclination of the frame 12 and the upper structure 20 by utilizing the gaps between the insertion holes 17c and 17d and the leg main body 15b.

[0024] FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of a modified example of the support 11 of the training structure 100 according to the first embodiment. The support 11 may have a structure in which the leg main body 15b is inclined relative to the end portion 15a, rather than the structure in which the adjustment structure 17 is inclined relative to the leg main body 15b as shown in FIG. 5 . In the support 11 shown in FIG. 6 , a joint 80 connects the leg main body 15b to the end portion 15a abutting the installation surface 90. The joint 80 has rotation axes 81 and 82 that are perpendicular to each other when viewed from the z direction, allowing the angle of the leg main body 15b relative to the end portion 15a to be freely changed. Note that the joint 80 is merely an example, and other structures may be used as long as the angle of the leg main body 15b relative to the end portion 15a can be adjusted. For example, the joint 80 may be a rubber coupling, a ball joint, or the like.

[0025] (Superstructure 20) The training structure 100 according to the first embodiment includes the superstructure 20 placed and fixed on the upper surface of the outrigger unit 10 described above. The superstructure 20 is disposed in the area (installation section S) of ranges X and Y shown in FIG. 1 . That is, when the x direction (sometimes referred to as the first direction) in which the frame 12 extends and the y direction (sometimes referred to as the second direction) perpendicular to the x direction are defined, the multiple supports 11 of the outrigger unit 10 are located outside the installation section S at least in the first direction. In other words, when viewed from a direction perpendicular to the installation surface 90 (i.e., in a plan view), the superstructure 20 is located inside a polygon formed by connecting the multiple supports 11 of the outrigger unit 10 with imaginary lines. Similarly, in this case, the superstructure 20 is disposed inside the multiple supports 11 at least in the first direction. Note that the superstructure 20 may be aligned with the multiple supports 11 in the second direction.

[0026] As described above, the training structure 100 can stably reproduce the inclination of the upper structure 20 by arranging the upper structure 20 inside a polygon formed by connecting the multiple supports 11 that are located on the outside in a planar view among the multiple supports 11 with virtual lines.

[0027] The superstructure 20 of the training structure 100 according to the first embodiment is composed of a plurality of modules, and includes a living space module 21 and a roof module 22. The living space module has a rectangular parallelepiped appearance and is a module for reproducing, for example, a living room area of ​​a house.

[0028] 7 is a perspective view of the living space module 21 constituting the superstructure 20 of the training structure 100 according to Embodiment 1. The living space module 21 includes a plurality of columns 21b extending in the z direction and a plurality of beams 21a and 21c connecting the plurality of columns 21b. The plurality of columns 21b and the plurality of beams 21a are each disposed at a position corresponding to each side of a rectangular parallelepiped, constituting a framework structure.

[0029] The living space module 21 may also include studs 21f extending in the z-direction in parallel with the multiple columns 21b. Two studs 21f may be connected at their midpoints by a frame member 21g. The frame formed by the studs 21f and the frame member 21g is used to recreate, for example, a window in a residence. The beams 21a, 21c, columns 21b, studs 21f, and frame member 21g can also be used to recreate the walls of a house by attaching panels or the like to the beams 21a, 21c, columns 21b, studs 21f, and frame member 21g.

[0030] The z2-side surface of the living space module 21 corresponds to the floor of the living space module 21. A base material 23c is arranged on the floor of the living space module 21, similar to the opening 19 of the frame 12 of the outrigger unit 10. On one surface on the z2 side of the living space module 21, a rectangular opening 29 is formed by combining a beam 21p, which is a long member extending in the x direction, and a beam 21q, which is a short member extending in the y direction, inside a plurality of beams 21c combined in a rectangular shape. In the living space module 21 shown in FIG. 7 , cylindrical bodies 24c are fixed to the z2-side surfaces of the beams 21p and 21c, and the base material 23c is inserted into the cylindrical bodies 24c. The cylindrical bodies 24c are arranged in pairs on both sides of the opening 29. The base material 23c is arranged so that the pair of cylindrical bodies 24c crosses the opening 29. The base material 23c is made of, for example, wood and is replaceable. A plate-like member 27, such as a flooring material or tatami mat, can be installed on the base material 23c. In other words, the opening 29 in the floor of the living space module 21 is configured to reproduce a structure equivalent to a building floor. Furthermore, in the living space module 21 shown in FIG. 7, a plate 21r is attached to the floor around the opening 19, and the opening formed by the beams 21c, 21p, and 21q is closed. The cylindrical body 24c installed on the living space module 21 may be configured to fix the base material 23c, similar to the cylindrical body 14 provided on the frame 12, or may be replaced with another structure capable of supporting the base material 23c. The structure for installing the base material 13, including the cylindrical body 24c, as described above, is sometimes referred to as a base support structure.

[0031] Furthermore, a connecting member 21e is provided on the underside of the living space module 21, i.e., the surface facing the z2 side of the beam 21c, and is fixed to a joint provided in the outrigger unit 10. The joint is, for example, a bolt hole provided in the frame 12, and is connected to the connecting member 21e using a bolt and a nut.

[0032] 8 is a perspective view of the roof module 22 that constitutes the superstructure 20 of the training structure 100 according to embodiment 1. The roof module 22 is mainly placed on the living space module 21 and is used to reproduce the roof and ceiling of a house. Alternatively, the roof module 22 can be placed directly on the frame 12 of the outrigger unit 10 to reproduce a house with its living space collapsed.

[0033] The roof module 22 includes a plurality of pillars 22b1 and 22b2 extending in the z direction. Pillar 22b1 is long in the z direction, and pillar 22b2 is shorter than pillar 22b1. A beam 22a1 that is higher on the x1 side and lower on the x2 side spans between pillars 22b1 and 22b2. In other words, in the front view shown in FIG. 2 , the roof module 22 is configured in a trapezoidal shape with pillars 22b1 and 22b2 as the upper and lower bases, and the beam 22a on the z1 side is inclined.

[0034] The roof module 22 of the superstructure 20 of the training structure 100 according to the first embodiment has a rectangular parallelepiped structure with only the upper surface tilted in one direction. The upper surface of the roof module 22 (the surface located on the z1 side) has an opening 29 in the center, similar to the floor surface of the living space module 21 and the frame 12 of the outrigger unit 10, and a base material 23a is arranged across the opening 29. In the roof module 22 shown in FIG. 8 , a cylindrical body 24a is fixed to the upper surface of the beam 22a1, and the base material 23a is inserted into the cylindrical body 24a. The base material 23a is inserted into a pair of cylindrical bodies 24a and arranged across the opening 29. The periphery of the opening 29 of the roof module 22 may be covered with plate materials 25a, 25b.

[0035] A plate-like member 25 is placed on the base material 23a, and the roof of a house can be reproduced. For example, the roof module 22 can be configured to install sheathing boards, waterproof sheets, slates, etc. of a house roof on the base material 23a, or a tiled roof structure.

[0036] The bottom surface (the surface located on the z2 side) of the roof module 22 of the superstructure 20 of the training structure 100 according to the first embodiment has an opening 29 provided in the center, similar to the floor surface of the living space module 21 and the frame 12 of the outrigger unit 10, and a base material 23b is arranged so as to cross the opening 29. In the roof module 22 shown in Figure 8, cylindrical bodies 24b are fixed to the undersides of the beams 22c, and the base material 23b is inserted into the cylindrical bodies 24b. The base material 23b is inserted into a pair of cylindrical bodies 24b and arranged so as to cross the opening 29.

[0037] A plate-like member 26 is placed under the base material 23b, and the ceiling of a house can be reproduced. Also, a plate-like member may be fixed to the upper side of the base material 23b.

[0038] Note that the cylindrical bodies 24a and 24b provided on the roof module 22 may also be configured to fix the base members 23a and 23b, similar to the cylindrical body 14 provided on the frame 12, or may be replaced with another structure that can support the base members 23a and 23b. The structure for installing the base member 23 including the cylindrical bodies 24a and 24b as described above may be referred to as a base support structure.

[0039] (Function of training structure 100) Figure 9 is a front view of an example of a state in which the training structure 100 according to embodiment 1 is in use. The training structure 100 according to embodiment 1 is a training structure 100 erected on an installation surface 90, and includes a frame 12 having an installation section S of an upper structure 20, and a plurality of supports 11 joined to the frame 12 and having their tips abutting the installation surface 90. When a first direction in which the frame 12 extends and a second direction perpendicular to the first direction are defined, the plurality of supports 11 are located outside the installation section S in at least the first direction. At least some of the plurality of supports 11 are configured to be adjustable in length.

[0040] Furthermore, the installation section S of the above-mentioned training structure 100 may have a plurality of joints for fixing the upper structure 20, and the plurality of supports 11 may be configured so that the angle of the virtual plane P including the plurality of joints relative to the installation surface 90 can be adjusted.

[0041] Furthermore, the plurality of supports 11 of the training structure 100 described above include an adjustable structure 17 joined to the frame 12, a stopper 18 that supports the adjustable structure 17, and a leg 15 on which the stopper 18 is installed so as to be movable in the axial direction and one end 15a of which abuts against the installation surface 90. The stopper 18 adjusts the position of the leg 15 in the axial direction, thereby adjusting the position of the adjustable structure 17 from the installation surface 90.

[0042] As described above, the training structure 100 can adjust the height and inclination of the frame 12 and the superstructure 20 on the frame 12 from the installation surface 90 by adjusting the height of the multiple supports 11. Because the multiple supports 11 are arranged outside the superstructure 20 in at least one direction, the superstructure 20 can be stably supported even if it is tall.

[0043] The training structure 100 is a facility for training rescue of a person in need of rescue 95 trapped in a building during a disaster. As shown in FIG. 9 , for example, a rescuer 96 performs training to find the person in need of rescue 95 trapped in a lower floor of the building from the roof and carry him / her out. The rescuer 96 enters the roof module 22 by, for example, cutting a member 25 installed on the upper surface of the roof module 22. Next, the rescuer 96 enters the interior of the living space module 21 by, for example, cutting a member 26 installed on the underside of the roof module 22. The rescuer 96 then enters the interior of the living space module 21 by, for example, cutting a member 27 corresponding to the floor of the living space module 21 and a member 28 installed in the opening 19 of the frame 12. The rescuer 96 then enters the substructure 30 by, for example, cutting a member 28 installed in the opening 19 of the frame 12.

[0044] In the example of the state of use of the training structure 100 shown in Figure 9, the roof module 22 corresponds to the roof and attic space of a residence, and the living space module 21 corresponds to the second floor of the residence. The frame 12 corresponds to the ceiling of the first floor of the residence, and the substructure 30 corresponds to the floor of the first floor of the residence. In other words, the example of the state of use of the training structure 100 in Figure 9 reproduces a state in which the first floor of a residence has collapsed due to an earthquake or the like (a pancake crush state).

[0045] The training structure 100 shown in FIG. 9 creates a narrow space between the frame 12 and the substructure 30, recreating an environment equivalent to the first floor of a collapsed residence. It is assumed that the ceiling of the collapsed first floor is not necessarily parallel, and the second floor is also tilted. By tilting the frame 12 by moving the stopper 18, the outrigger unit 10 can recreate the tilt of the second floor when the first floor collapses, providing an effective training environment. As shown in FIG. 2, the substructure 30 includes a top plate 31 on which a rescuer (including a doll) is placed and legs 32 that support the top plate 31. The substructure 30 is configured to be installed within the width of the outrigger unit 10 in the x direction. However, as shown in FIG. 1, the substructure 30 may be configured wider than the width of the outrigger unit 10 in the y direction. In other words, when a first direction in which the frame 12 extends and a second direction perpendicular to the first direction are defined, the multiple supports 11 of the outrigger unit 10 are positioned outside the lower structure 30 in at least the first direction.

[0046] Furthermore, the legs 15 of the training structure 100 are provided with threaded portions at the other ends, and the stoppers 18 are configured to screw into the threaded portions. Because the support body 11 of the training structure 100 is configured as described above, it is possible to adjust the height of the stoppers 18 with a simple structure. Furthermore, the stoppers 18 and the leg bodies 15b have a threaded structure, which ensures high strength and durability.

[0047] The frame 12 of the training structure 100 has an opening 19 formed in the center. A base support structure is installed in the opening 19, which supports rod-shaped base materials 13 in a replaceable manner. The base support structure includes a pair of cylindrical bodies 14 fixed to the frame so that the base materials 13 can be installed across the opening. This configuration allows the training structure 100 to install the base materials 13 in a replaceable manner. The base materials 13 support a floor material in which openings are created by cutting or the like during rescue training, and may be damaged during rescue training. The training structure 100 can be used repeatedly because it includes the cylindrical bodies 14 that replaceably support the base materials 13.

[0048] The superstructure 20 of the training structure 100 includes a plurality of columns 21b, 22b, a plurality of beams 21a, 21c, 22a, 22c, 21p, and 21q connecting the columns 21b, 22b, and a base support structure that supports rod-shaped base materials 23a, 23b, and 23c in an exchangeable manner. The base support structure includes cylindrical bodies 24a, 24b, and 24c that are fixed in pairs to at least a portion of the beams 21a, 21c, 22a, 22c, 21p, and 21q so that the base materials can be installed across openings formed by the beams. This configuration allows the superstructure 20 of the training structure 100 to provide a training environment that replicates the flooring of a home, similar to the outrigger unit 10. Furthermore, the upper structure 20 can be used to install wall materials for the residence using multiple columns 21b, 22b and multiple beams 21a, 21c, 22a, 22c connecting the multiple columns 21b, 22b. This allows for training on entering a collapsed residence from the side.

[0049] Furthermore, the superstructure 20 of the training structure 100 is composed of a plurality of stacked superstructures 20. With this configuration, the superstructure 20 of the training structure 100 can provide a training environment that resembles a collapsed multi-story dwelling. Furthermore, by changing the combination of the plurality of superstructures 20, it is possible to reproduce complex environments.

[0050] Furthermore, at least some of the beams 22a of the superstructure 20 of the training structure 100 are arranged at an incline with respect to the perpendicular direction of the columns 22b. With this configuration, the superstructure 20 of the training structure 100 can reproduce the inclined roof of a residence, providing a training environment that is closer to reality.

[0051] (Modification of the Training Structure 100) FIG. 10 is a front view of a modification of the training structure 100 according to the first embodiment. The training structure 100 may include a bellows-shaped shielding unit 60 extending downward from the underside of the outrigger unit 10. The shielding unit 60 may be configured to be expandable in the z-direction, e.g., expand by injecting air into the interior and contract by deflating the air. The shielding unit 60 shields the area inside the frame 12 from view from the outside in a plan view (when viewed in the z-direction) and is used to provide a dark training environment. Because the shielding unit 60 has a bellows structure, it can shield by filling gaps around obstacles, for example, even when an obstacle is present. Furthermore, the shielding unit 60 can maintain its expanded state by injecting air, so that its tip can deform to fit the shape of the obstacle even when it encounters one. Furthermore, the shielding unit 60 can be easily folded compactly by deflating the air.

[0052] The training structure 100 may also be configured so that a blackout curtain can be installed to cover the outrigger unit 10, a blackout curtain to cover the lower structure of the upper structure 20 including the living space module 21, or a blackout curtain to cover the lower structure including the side of the roof module 22. The blackout curtain is attached to a blackout curtain installation structure (not shown) provided on, for example, the multiple beams 21 a, 21 c, 22 a, and 22 c of the upper structure 20. The blackout curtain installation structure may be, for example, a hole for engaging a hook at the end of the blackout curtain, or may be provided with a structure that allows for detachable attachment, such as a hook-and-loop fastener.

[0053] An air blowing unit 70 and a water sprinkling unit 71 may be provided on the upper part of the training structure 100 shown in Fig. 10. These are used to recreate a work environment wet from rain and a work environment in wind. The air blowing unit 70 and the water sprinkling unit 71 are installed, for example, on the pillars 22b1 of the roof module 22. The air blowing unit 70 and the water sprinkling unit 71 are basically provided as separate units, and the training structure 100 may have both units or only one of them.

[0054] A maintenance scaffolding 72 may be installed on top of the training structure 100 shown in Fig. 10. The training structure 100 may be provided with joints such as bolt holes in at least some of the multiple columns 21b, 22b and multiple beams 21a, 21c, 22a, and 22c in order to attach attachments such as the maintenance scaffolding 72 required during training.

[0055] The training structure 100 may be provided with a structure for suspending and supporting the superstructure 20. In this case, facilities such as a framework structure and a crane are installed around the training structure 100, and the superstructure 20 is suspending and supported.

[0056] The training structure 100 may be equipped with a sensor (not shown) that detects the load acting on the support 11. That is, at least one of the multiple support bodies 11 may be equipped with a sensor that detects fluctuations in the load acting on the support body 11. The sensor may be, for example, a sensor that detects fluctuations in the load acting due to strain on the legs 15, or a sensor that optically detects displacement of a member that constitutes the support body 11. By detecting fluctuations in the load acting on the support body 11, the training structure 100 can be used to evaluate whether the work during training is being performed appropriately and to confirm the safety of the training.

[0057] The outrigger unit 10 shown in FIG. 3 may be configured so that its width can be changed in the x direction. That is, the member 12a of the frame 12 may be configured so that it can extend and retract. For example, the member 12a may be configured with two members and be configured so that it can slide and extend at its center in the x direction. The member 12a may also be configured so that it has multiple joints in its center so that the center can be folded. The outrigger unit 10 may also be configured so that its width can be changed in the y direction as well as in the x direction. In FIG. 3, the frame 12 is depicted as an integrated member connecting the support members 11, such as the members 12a and 12b, but it may be configured so that multiple members can be connected as long as it is configured so that the upper structure 20 can be installed.

[0058] (Combination of modules) The training structure 100 can provide a training environment suitable for various buildings by combining an outrigger unit 10, an upper structure 20 including a living space module 21 and a roof module 22, and a lower structure 30. The training structure 100 shown in Fig. 1 is configured by installing a set of a living space module 21 and a roof module 22 on each of two outrigger units 10, and installing a lower structure 30 below the outrigger units 10, but the combination of modules can be changed as appropriate.

[0059] 11 to 13 are perspective views showing an example of a combination of modules of the training structure 100 according to the first embodiment. The training structure 100 shown in FIG. 11 does not use a living space module 21, but has a structure in which roof modules 22 are installed on top of two outrigger units 10. This structure recreates the state of a one-story residence or the second floor of a two-story residence undergoing a pancake crash. The roof module 22 is equipped with connecting members 22e for fastening it to the structure below, allowing it to be fastened not only to the living space module 21 but also to the outrigger units 10.

[0060] The training structure 100 shown in Fig. 12 has a structure in which a roof module 22 is installed on one of two outrigger units 10, and a living space module 21 and a roof module 22 are installed on the other. Moreover, the training structure 100 shown in Fig. 13 has a structure in which a living space module 21 and a roof module 22 are installed on one outrigger unit 10. In either structure, the support body 11 of the outrigger unit 10 is disposed outside the installation portion S at least in the x direction, so that the training structure 100 is stably supported.

[0061] Furthermore, the training structure 100 can be constructed by appropriately combining the outrigger unit 10, the living space module 21 and roof module 22 as the upper structure 20, and the lower structure 30, thereby providing a variety of training environments. Furthermore, since the training structure 100 can be stably constructed as a single unit of at least the outrigger unit 10, living space module 21, and roof module 22 as shown in Figure 13, a stable and safe training environment can be provided overall even when multiple modules are combined.

[0062] FIG. 14 is a front view showing an example of a combination of modules of the training structure 100 according to the first embodiment. FIG. 15 is a side view corresponding to FIG. 14 . FIGS. 14 and 15 schematically show the superstructure 20. The outrigger units 10 do not have to be adjacent to each other and may be installed at intervals in the x or y direction. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 15 , the superstructure 20 may be installed across two outrigger units 10 that are installed at intervals in the y direction. In other words, the two outrigger units 10 shown in FIG. 1 can also be installed at intervals in the y direction. In this case, the multiple supports 11 of the outrigger unit 10 are located outside the installation section S on which the superstructure 20 is installed, not only in the first direction (x direction) but also in the second direction (y direction). Furthermore, when viewed from a direction perpendicular to the installation surface 90 (i.e., in a plan view), the installation section S is located inside a polygon formed by connecting the multiple supports 11 of the outrigger unit 10 with imaginary straight lines.

[0063] 14 may be the above-mentioned living space module 21 or roof module 22, or may be, for example, a wooden box-like structure or skeletal structure that replicates a room in a house. In other words, the superstructure 20 installed on the outrigger unit 10 in the training structure 100 is not limited to the above-mentioned living space module 21 or roof module 22, but may be another structure.

[0064] (Regarding the connecting hinge structure 50) FIG. 16 is an enlarged view of an example of a portion where modules constituting the training structure 100 according to the first embodiment are connected. FIG. 16( a) is a perspective view, and FIG. 16( b) is a side view. The connecting hinge structure 50 can be used, for example, in a structure connecting an outrigger unit 10 and an upper structure 20. The upper structures 20 connected to two outrigger units 10 installed apart from each other may be installed in an inclined state. In this case, if the connection portions between each outrigger unit 10 and the upper structure 20 are configured as in the connecting hinge structure 50 shown in FIG. 16, the upper structure 20 can be tilted as desired by changing the height of the outrigger unit 10. Note that the outrigger units 10 and the upper structure 20 are partially omitted in FIG. 16.

[0065] When connecting the modules of the training structure 100, it is preferable to arrange the members corresponding to the frame 12 of the outrigger unit 10 and the floor of the superstructure 20 as continuously as possible, and also, to make the connecting work easier, it is preferable that the connecting hinge structure 50 is installed so as to protrude above the frame 12 (towards z1).

[0066] 16(a) and 16(b), the connecting hinge structure 50 is a structure for connecting multiple modules and is configured to flexibly accommodate cases where the modules are arranged at different angles. Specifically, it includes rotatable connecting members 51 and 52, and is configured to appropriately connect the outrigger unit 10 and the upper structure 20 to each other.

[0067] The connecting hinge structure 50 is disposed above the frame 12 (on the z1 side), making it easy to work on when connecting the frames. Furthermore, the connecting hinge structure 50 is configured so that the upper surfaces of the frame 12 of the outrigger unit 10 and the frame 21s of the superstructure 20 are disposed as contiguous as possible, thereby minimizing the step and improving safety during training. Note that the frame 21s of the superstructure 20 corresponds to the beam 21c of the living space module 21, for example, and in the case of the structure of the training structure 100 shown in FIG. 16 and FIG. 17 described later, it is not integrated with the outrigger unit 10, but functions in the same manner as the frame 12 shown in FIG. 2, for example.

[0068] The connecting members 51 and 52 control the connection angle between the modules and serve to achieve a stable connection. The connecting member 52 is rotatably connected to the connecting member 51, and these are plate-shaped members that are fixed together with fastening members such as bolts and nuts. This makes it possible to maintain an appropriate range of movement while ensuring the strength of the connecting portion.

[0069] The adjustment range of the tilt angle between the outrigger unit 10 and the upper structure 20 can be increased by widening the gap 53 between the frame 12 of the outrigger unit 10 and the frame 21s of the upper structure 20. Alternatively, a relief structure may be provided on the frame 12 side or the frame 21s side. This configuration serves to prevent interference, for example, when the upper structure 20 is tilted downward (when moved in the direction of the arrow in Figure 16(b)). This gap 53 or relief structure allows the connecting hinge structure 50 to operate smoothly, enabling appropriate angle adjustment.

[0070] Furthermore, the shape and dimensions of the gap 53 can be changed as appropriate depending on the environment in which the training structure 100 is used, and it is necessary to design it according to the range of tilt angles required for the modules to be connected. This makes it possible to accommodate different installation conditions and ensure an appropriate range of movement.

[0071] In this way, the connecting hinge structure 50 is designed to achieve both appropriate angle adjustment and strength, allowing for flexible application of the connecting parts of the training structure 100. Furthermore, the use of a bolt and nut fastening method makes it easy to adjust and maintain the connecting parts, and allows for repeated use.

[0072] As shown in Figure 16(b), the connecting member 52 is configured to protrude toward the outrigger unit 10, but this configuration is not limited to this. For example, the connecting members 51 and 52 may be configured to protrude from each other. By adopting such a configuration, the movable range when connected can be expanded and flexible adjustment according to the installation environment can be made.

[0073] Furthermore, the shape and protruding direction of the connecting members 51 and 52 can be changed as appropriate depending on the operational status of the training structure 100, and it is desirable to design them taking into consideration the strength and workability of the connecting parts. In particular, it is effective to have a structure that allows the selection of the optimal connecting form in order to improve work efficiency during installation and increase applicability to different training environments.

[0074] (Modification of the Superstructure 20) Figure 17 is a side view showing a modification in which a component placement structure is added to the underside of the superstructure 20. As shown in Figures 15 and 16, when the superstructure 20 is placed so as to straddle the outrigger unit 10, component placement structures 40, 41 may be installed on the underside. In the configuration of the training structure 100 shown in Figure 9, the floor of the second floor and the ceiling of the first floor of a collapsed dwelling can be reproduced by installing panel-like components 27 on the superstructure 20 and components 28 on the outrigger unit 10. However, in the configurations shown in Figures 15 and 16, a structure is required to install components corresponding to the ceiling of the first floor.

[0075] Therefore, as the member arrangement structures 40, 41, a steel member having a C-shaped cross section may be installed on the underside (the surface on the z2 side) of the upper structure 20. By inserting one end of the member 28 into the open portion of the steel member, the panel-shaped member 28 can be installed.

[0076] The component arrangement structures 40, 41 are arranged so that there is a slight margin relative to the width of the component 28 in the y direction. Therefore, the component 28 moves by the amount of this gap, but by providing an adjustment fitting 42, it is possible to fill the gap that occurs between the component 28 and the component arrangement structures 40, 41. The adjustment fitting 42 can be formed, for example, from a bolt. For example, by threading a bolt into a hole provided in the component arrangement structure 40, it is possible to adjust the component 28 so that it does not shift even if there is variation in the dimensions of the component 28.

[0077] (Regarding the Component Positioning Structure) Figure 18 is an enlarged view of a structure for positioning panel-shaped components to be installed on the training structure 100. In the training structure 100, panel-shaped components are placed in areas corresponding to the floor and ceiling to recreate a collapsed dwelling. The panel-shaped components are intended to facilitate rescue work training, such as recreating floorboards, ceiling boards, etc., and removing them or creating openings. The training structure 100 may be provided with a positioning structure 65 to facilitate attachment of the panel-shaped components to the outrigger units 10 and superstructure 20 that constitute the training structure 100 and to prevent the panel-shaped components from shifting during training work.

[0078] The positioning structure 65 comprises an octagonal plate-like upper member 65a and leg members 65b. The leg members 65b are joined to members corresponding to the beams of the collapsed dwelling, such as the frames 12 and 21s. The panel-like member 27 is formed by joining a plate member 27c to a joist member 27b, and the plate member 27c has chamfered corners 27a. The upper member 65a is configured so that two sides of the octagon are aligned with the chamfered corners 27a.

[0079] By providing such positioning structures 65 at various locations on the training structure 100, the installation of the panel-like members 27 can be facilitated and the members can be prevented from shifting during training. Furthermore, the upper member 65a of the positioning structure 65 is positioned so as to cover the ends of the joist members 27b from above, thereby preventing the panel-like members 27 from lifting up. The upper member 65a of the positioning structure 65 may be formed from only half of the member 27 side from the dotted line shown in FIG. 18 . The octagonal upper member 65a shown in FIG. 18 is suitable for positioning four panel-like members 27. On the other hand, when the upper member 65a is placed at the end of the outrigger unit 10 or the superstructure 20, only two members 27 need to be positioned, so only half of the upper member 65a is required.

[0080] The configurations shown in the above embodiments are merely examples, and some of the configurations may be omitted or modified without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Furthermore, the training structure 100 has been described assuming training for entering and rescuing a collapsed building, but it can also be used as a training facility that utilizes a building, such as training for escaping from a building or training for working inside a collapsed building. The training structure 100 shown in the first embodiment and its modified examples can also be configured by appropriately combining the respective structures. In short, we would like to emphasize that the spirit (technical scope) of the present invention also includes various modifications, applications, and uses that may be made by a person skilled in the art as needed.

[0081] The training structure described above may also include a combination of the features shown in Supplementary Notes 1 to 9 below. These combinations are described below.

[0082] [Supplementary Note 1] A training structure erected on an installation surface, comprising: a frame having an installation section for an upper structure; and a plurality of supports joined to the frame with their tips abutting the installation surface, wherein, when a first direction in which the frame extends and a second direction perpendicular to the first direction are defined, the plurality of supports are located outside the installation section in at least the first direction, and at least some of the plurality of supports are configured to be adjustable in length. [Supplementary Note 2] A training structure according to Supplementary Note 1, wherein the installation section comprises a plurality of joints for fixing the upper structure, and the plurality of supports are configured to be adjustable in angle with respect to the installation surface of an imaginary plane in which the plurality of joints are provided. [Appendix 3] The training structure according to Appendix 1 or 2, wherein the plurality of supports comprise: an adjustable structure joined to the frame; a stopper supporting the adjustable structure; and a leg on which the stopper is installed so as to be movable in the axial direction and one end of which abuts against an installation surface, and the stopper adjusts the position of the adjustable structure from the installation surface by adjusting the axial position of the leg. [Appendix 4] The training structure according to Appendix 3, wherein the leg has a threaded portion at the other end thereof, and the stopper is configured to screw into the threaded portion. [Appendix 5] The training structure according to any one of Appendices 1 to 4, wherein the frame has an opening formed in the center, and a base support structure is installed that supports a rod-shaped base material in a replaceable manner, and the base support structures are fixed to the frame in pairs so that the base material can be installed across the opening.[Appendix 6] The training structure according to any one of Appendices 1 to 5, wherein the superstructure comprises a plurality of columns, a plurality of beams connecting the plurality of columns, and a base support structure that supports rod-shaped base materials in a replaceable manner, and the base support structures are fixed in pairs to at least some of the beams so that the base materials can be installed across an opening formed by the beams. [Appendix 7] The training structure according to Appendices 6, wherein the superstructure is composed of a plurality of superstructures that are stacked on top of each other. [Appendix 8] The training structure according to Appendices 6, wherein at least some of the beams are arranged at an angle from a direction orthogonal to the plurality of columns. [Appendix 9] The training structure according to any one of Appendices 1 to 8, wherein at least one of the plurality of supports is equipped with a sensor that detects fluctuations in the load acting on the support.

[0083] DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10: Outrigger unit 11: Support 12: Frame 12a: Member 12b: Member 13: Base material 14: Cylinder 15: Leg 15a: End 15b: Leg body 17: Adjustment structure 17a: End surface 17b: Upper part 17c: Insertion hole 17d: Insertion hole 18: Stopper 19: Opening 20: Upper structure 21: Living space module 21a: Beam 21b: Pillar 21c: Beam 21e: Connection member 21f: Partition 21g: Frame member 21p: Member 21q: Member 21r: Plate material 21s: Frame 22: Roof module 22a: Beam 22a1: Beam 22b: Pillar 22b1 : Pillar 22b2 : Pillar 22c : Beam 22e : Connecting member 23a : Base material 23b : Base material 23c : Base material 24a : Cylinder 24b : Cylinder 24c : Cylinder 25 : Member 26 : Member 27 : Member 28 : Member 29 : Opening 30 : Lower structure 60 : Shielding unit 70 : Ventilation unit 71 : Sprinkler unit 72 : Maintenance scaffolding 80 : Joint 81 : Rotation axis 90 : Installation surface 95 : Person in need of rescue 96 : Rescuer 100 : Training structure P : Virtual plane S : Installation section X : Range Y : Range

Claims

A training structure erected on an installation surface, a frame having a mounting portion for a superstructure; a plurality of supports joined to the frame, the supports having tips that contact an installation surface; The plurality of supports include: When a first direction in which the frame extends and a second direction perpendicular to the first direction are defined, the frame is located outside the installation portion in at least the first direction, At least some of the supports among the plurality of supports are It is designed to be adjustable in length, Training structures.

10. The training structure of claim 1, The installation unit includes: a plurality of joints for securing the superstructure; The plurality of supports include: The angle of the virtual plane on which the plurality of joints are provided relative to the installation surface can be adjusted. Training structures.

3. The training structure according to claim 1 or 2, The plurality of supports include: an adjustment structure joined to the frame; a stopper that supports the adjustment structure; The stopper is provided so as to be movable in the axial direction, and one end of the stopper abuts against a mounting surface. The stopper is By adjusting the axial position of the leg portion, the position of the adjustment structure from the installation surface is adjusted. Training structures.

4. The training structure of claim 3, The leg portion is a threaded portion at the other end; The stopper is configured to be threadedly engaged with the threaded portion, Training structures.

3. The training structure according to claim 1 or 2, The frame is An opening is formed in the center, A base support structure is installed to support the rod-shaped base material in a replaceable state, The underlying support structure includes: The underlayment is fixed to the frame in pairs so that it can be installed across the opening. Training structures.

3. The training structure according to claim 1 or 2, The superstructure comprises: Several pillars and a plurality of beams connecting the plurality of columns; and a base support structure that supports a rod-shaped base material in a replaceable state, The underlying support structure includes: The base material is fixed to at least a part of the beams in pairs so that the base material can be installed across an opening formed by the beams. Training structures.

7. The training structure of claim 6, The superstructure comprises: It is composed of multiple superstructures stacked on top of each other. Training structures.

7. The training structure of claim 6, The plurality of beams include: At least a portion of the columns are arranged at an angle from the orthogonal direction of the columns. Training structures.

3. The training structure according to claim 1 or 2, At least one of the plurality of supports is a sensor for detecting a change in the load applied to the support; Training structures.

Images