Heating system for a heat-based beverage preparation apparatus

Abstract

The invention relates to a heating system (1) for a heat-based beverage preparation apparatus (20), the heating system comprising: at least one first tank (2) for receiving a heating medium in gaseous form and in liquid form; and at least one first compressor (3), wherein a suction side of the first compressor (3) is connected to the first tank (2), wherein gas can be generated using the first compressor (3) at a higher pressure and a higher temperature than the gas in the first tank (2), wherein the heating system (1) is a closed system.

Description

[0001] Scw / Thm / mc

[0002] September 5, 2025

[0003] 'Heating system for a heat-based beverage production device'

[0004] The invention relates to a heating system for a heat-based beverage production device according to the preamble of claim 1.

[0005] In heat-based beverage production facilities, such as brewhouses or distilleries, there is a demand for heat, with the temperature level of the heat demand varying depending on the process. Preferably, the heat demand is at least partially met by heat generated elsewhere to save energy and costs. This is possible with excess heat generated in various processes, which can be used for the heat-demanding processes, particularly with the aid of heat exchangers. However, it is a known problem that the heat supply and heat demand diverge, at least temporarily. In the prior art, it is known to compensate for this discrepancy by storing heated water, especially at the different temperature levels. For this purpose, either separate tanks or a stratified storage tank are used.Due to the constant oversupply that must be provided to reliably meet demand, there is a continuous loss of heat. The water is used both as a heating and storage medium and as water for the process itself, for example, as brewing water. Therefore, the water used must always be of drinking water quality. Furthermore, actions involving losses, such as the occasional replacement of all the water and the regular venting of the system due to water withdrawal, are unavoidable. Another disadvantage is the constant loss of water that cannot be returned to the heating circuit due to potential contamination.

[0006] Furthermore, it is common practice in the prior art to supply processes requiring heat at a temperature level below 100°C with water at or slightly above the required temperature level. In this case, only the heat energy provided by the temperature difference can be transferred.

[0007] Mechanical vapor compression with subsequent heat transfer to the wort kettle via a heat exchanger is particularly common. In this process, the vapor produced during wort boiling is first compressed and heated in a compressor. The heat from the vapor is then transferred via a heat exchanger to an external or internal boiler. The inert gases contained in the vapor cause fouling of the equipment, necessitating energy-intensive cleaning at regular intervals. Despite this, increased wear and tear on the equipment is unavoidable. To minimize cleaning effort, it is therefore common practice to conduct a longer pre-boil phase to displace the inert gases and, inevitably, some of the water vapor, which are released into the environment. Both the longer pre-boil phase and the release of heat into the environment result in heat loss.From EP 1 985 947 A2 it is known to use heat pumps, in particular for vapor compression by evaporation and mechanical compression, to raise the supplied heat to a higher temperature level when heat of such a high temperature level is not available. This is used, for example, to heat the wort kettle.

[0008] A paper drying process is known from WO 2024 / 056998, in which two tanks are connected by means of at least one compressor such that the compressor compresses water vapor from the first tank into the second tank, thereby raising its temperature. This makes it possible to provide water vapor at different temperature levels. However, a disadvantage of this prior art is that it is tailored to the paper industry and the water vapor temperatures are generally too high. For example, breweries would require heat sources below 100°C, at which water vapor already condenses under atmospheric pressure.A further disadvantage is that in the paper industry, drying processes are continuous, while the heat requirement in heat-based beverage production equipment is usually intermittent and is subject to fluctuations even in non-intermittent processes.

[0009] There is therefore a great need for a heating system for a heat-based beverage production device that can provide heat transfer fluids in a simple and reliable manner, particularly at different temperature levels, with the temperature level being adapted to the requirements of the heat-based beverage production device. The aim is to optimally utilize heat sources and to enable efficient, reliable, low-loss, and cost-effective heat transfer to the individual processes. Further attention is paid to the quality of the beverage being produced and to the conservation of brewing water. The invention aims to provide such a heating system for a heat-based beverage production device in order to overcome the aforementioned difficulties.

[0010] This problem is solved in a surprisingly simple but effective way by a heating system for a heat-based beverage production device according to the teaching of main claim 1.

[0011] According to the invention, a heating system for a heat-based beverage production device is proposed, comprising at least one first tank for receiving a heating medium in the form of a gas and a liquid, and at least one first compressor, wherein the first compressor is connected to the first tank via a suction side, and wherein the first compressor can produce gas at a higher pressure and temperature than the gas in the first tank. The heating system is characterized in that it is a closed system.

[0012] Within the scope of the invention, it has been recognized that separating the heating system and water supply in heat-based beverage production simplifies the handling of the heating medium, as maintaining drinking water quality is no longer necessary. This also allows the use of heating media other than water, or the addition of additives to the heating medium to influence its boiling point and other properties. Furthermore, it enables the continuous reuse of the same heating medium. The fundamental concept of the invention is therefore to design the heating system as a closed system to facilitate simple separation. Another advantage of the closed heating system is that the heating medium can continue to be used even if it deteriorates in quality, without endangering the final product.Furthermore, it is possible to better insulate the heating system, thus reducing heat losses, especially when supply and demand are out of balance. Storing heat and converting heating fluid to a different temperature level are also significantly simplified. Additionally, the lossy process of venting the heating system is no longer necessary.

[0013] The heating system serves to supply and extract heat from the heat-based beverage production equipment. To heat at least one process within the heat-based beverage production equipment, the heating medium, preferably in the form of a gas, is supplied to the equipment in which the process takes place via a heat exchanger system, where the gas condenses into a liquid. Equipment that requires heat, at least temporarily, in a heat-based beverage production equipment includes, but is not limited to, a mash tun, a raw grain cooker, a wort kettle, a rectification column, a still, and / or a distillery. The heating system according to the invention provides gas for heat input for at least one process, preferably two, three, four, five, or all processes.The gas is preferably supplied via a pipe system connected to the first tank and / or the discharge side of the first compressor. The distribution of the gas can be assisted by blowers arranged in the pipe system. The gas is obtained by evaporating the heating medium, which is also present in liquid form in the first tank. Evaporation occurs by reducing the pressure and / or increasing the temperature of the liquid heating medium, with these processes taking place at least partially within the first tank. The liquid heating medium produced during heat transfer by condensation is returned directly and / or indirectly to the first tank, thus closing the heating system. Furthermore, heating medium is supplied as a liquid to at least one other process and / or at least one of the aforementioned processes to extract heat from this process. In other words, the process or...The equipment in which the process takes place is cooled. The heating system according to the invention preferably provides liquid for heat extraction for at least one process, and particularly preferably for two, three, four, five, or all processes. Preferably, the heating medium is vaporized to a gas. Particularly preferably, the vaporization of the heating medium occurs upon entering and / or within the first tank, as described elsewhere. The supply is also effected by means of a pipe system connected to the first tank. The distribution of the liquid can be supported by pumps arranged in the pipes of the pipe system. The heated liquid and / or the resulting gas is fed directly and / or indirectly into the first tank. This results in a closed heating system.Equipment from which heat is to be extracted, at least temporarily, in a heat-based beverage production device includes, but is by no means limited to, a cold storage room, a refrigeration system, a pan vapor condenser, a wort pan, a vapor cooler and / or a wort chiller.

[0014] Furthermore, the heating system includes a first tank in which the heating medium is stored as both a gas and a liquid. This means the heating medium is contained in the first tank and exists there partly in liquid and partly in gaseous form. The first tank serves to store the heating medium so that it can be supplied as intended to at least one heating process and preferably at least one cooling process. Preferably, the first tank is thermally insulated so that the heating medium in the first tank loses its temperature only slowly or preferably not at all. The first tank also includes an outlet for releasing the gas. The outlet is preferably connected to the pipe system and / or a first compressor. By storing the heating medium as both a gas and a liquid in the first tank, any gas withdrawn can be replaced by the evaporation of the liquid in the first tank. This occurs because the withdrawal of gas reduces the pressure in the tank.This also lowers the boiling point of the heating medium, causing the liquid to evaporate as it cools until equilibrium is reached. The cooled liquid is then even better suited to extracting heat from the processes as needed. A suction side of the first compressor is connected to the first tank in such a way that the first compressor can draw gas from the first tank. The compressor increases the pressure of the gas and thus also its temperature towards a discharge side of the compressor, making the gas even better suited to supplying heat to the processes. At the same time, the extraction lowers the pressure in the first tank, as described elsewhere. The point at which the gas at a higher temperature is used in the heat-based beverage production process is ultimately arbitrary; however, it is preferably condensed at a mash vessel for heat transfer.The first compressor can produce the gas at the higher pressure and temperature level from the gas in the first tank as needed. Preferably, the first compressor is a vacuum pump, a blower, and / or a mechanical vapor compressor.

[0015] The term "heat-based beverage production equipment" refers to a device for producing a beverage in which at least one process requires the input of heat. The device can be multi-part and / or subdivided. In particular, a distillery or a brewhouse is a heat-based beverage production device.

[0016] The term "compressor" refers to a machine that mechanically compresses a gas supplied at a suction side to a discharge side by supplying work. The compressor is particularly suitable for reducing the pressure in the first tank.

[0017] The term "heating medium" refers to a heat transfer medium, either liquid or gaseous, that enables the heating system to transport, absorb, and release thermal energy. The heating medium is preferably water, which may contain additives. Gaseous water is also referred to as steam. The term "bar" is a unit of measurement for pressure and refers to absolute pressure.

[0018] The term "closed" refers to a heating system in which, considering the system as a whole, no amount of heating medium is added or removed as a result of the process. Removal for maintenance, repair, and / or monitoring purposes, as well as addition to replace lost medium, is not taken into account. It is known to those skilled in the art that minor losses of heating medium can occur in a heating system and cannot be prevented, or only with disproportionately high effort.

[0019] The invention makes it possible to easily balance discrepancies between the supply and demand for thermal energy and to provide it cost-effectively, reliably, and safely at all times. An advantage of the closed system is the reduction of losses of heating medium and heat. Furthermore, various heat sources can be used to produce the gas, even when there is no immediate demand, and to store it in the first tank. At the same time, the quality of the beverages produced by the beverage production equipment can be ensured because the water used in the processes can be better controlled. Due to the simple design of the heating system, retrofitting existing heat-based beverage production equipment is also quick, easy, and cost-effective.In this process, existing components and / or equipment from heat-based beverage production can be reused and / or integrated. Particularly when retrofitting a system that transfers heat to the wort kettle via mechanical vapor compression, with the disadvantages mentioned elsewhere, the closed heating system according to the invention overcomes the disadvantages of heat loss, as the complex and inefficient cleaning process is unnecessary. The components and / or equipment, especially the compressor, the heat exchanger, the external boiler, and / or the internal boiler, can be integrated into the heating system according to the invention after cleaning.

[0020] Advantageous further developments of the invention, which can be implemented individually or in combination, are presented in the dependent claims.

[0021] It is conceivable that the heating medium includes water. Water is generally very well suited and readily available as a heating medium. Furthermore, it is environmentally friendly and harmless. In particular, it is conceivable that the water is low in calcium or calcium-free. This prevents limescale buildup in the heating system. It is also conceivable that additives are added to the water to influence its properties, especially its boiling point.

[0022] In a further development of the invention, it is conceivable that the heating medium can be extracted from and supplied to the first tank in both gas and liquid form. This ensures maximum flexibility of the heating system. The first tank has at least one inlet for supplying the heating medium and at least one outlet for extracting the heating medium, both in gas and liquid form.

[0023] Furthermore, it is conceivable that the first tank includes a heat input system. Preferably, the heat input system heats the first tank directly. Additionally or alternatively, indirect heating by extracting liquid and / or gas for heating and / or vaporization with subsequent direct and / or indirect return to the first tank is preferred. This allows the pressure and / or temperature in the first tank to be set and / or kept constant. Particularly preferably, heat for the heat input system is generated by burning energy carriers such as wood, oil, biomass and / or gas, especially biogas, by heat transfer, by using a renewable energy source, a heat pump, an immersion heater, steam, and / or by recuperation from heat emitted by processes mentioned elsewhere.Preferably, the heat input system comprises an internal cooker, an external cooker, an evaporator, a heat exchanger, a compressor, a heat pump, a battery, an inverter, a solar thermal system, a photovoltaic system, a wind power plant, a hydropower plant, a geothermal system, a biogas plant, a fuel cell and / or a combination thereof.

[0024] In a further development, it is conceivable that the heat input system comprises at least one condenser and / or a heater. Preferably, the condenser and / or heater is arranged in the first tank. By means of the condenser arranged in and / or on the first tank, it is possible to directly supply heat to the first tank by condensing steam generated elsewhere in the heat-based beverage production process into liquid in the condenser. The heater arranged in the first tank can increase the temperature as required, particularly when no otherwise usable process heat is available. Preferably, the heater is an electric heater.

[0025] It is conceivable that the pressure of the gas in the first tank is below atmospheric pressure. Within the scope of the invention, it has been recognized that heat-based beverage production typically comprises at least one process requiring a temperature level below the boiling point of the heating medium at atmospheric pressure, which is approximately 100°C, particularly when using water. Generally, processes using gas that condenses into a liquid upon heat input can be heated much more efficiently. If the pressure in the first tank is below atmospheric pressure, the boiling point of the heating medium also shifts downwards accordingly, and it is possible to supply processes requiring temperature inputs below the boiling point of the heating medium at atmospheric pressure with a gaseous heating medium without risking overheating.The gaseous heating medium can be taken directly from the first tank and fed into the process, or indirectly through the first compressor, the first compressor preferably also supplying the gaseous heating medium at a pressure level below atmospheric pressure.

[0026] It is conceivable that the gas pressure in the first tank is between 0.5 and 0.7 bar and / or the gas temperature is between 80°C and 95°C. This temperature range is required for at least one process in the heat-based beverage production equipment, particularly the brewhouse or distillery. Storing this gas is therefore especially advantageous to ensure a reliable supply of gas at this temperature for this process. If the heating medium used to operate the heating system is water, with or without additives, it is gaseous when it has a pressure in the range of 0.5 to 0.7 bar and a temperature in the range of 80°C to 95°C. Fluctuations in pressure and temperature within the tank are possible and tolerable due to the nature of the process. Particularly preferably, the pressure in the first tank is at least 0.50 bar, 0.51 bar, 0.52 bar, 0.53 bar, 0.54 bar, 0.55 bar, 0.56 bar, 0.57 bar, 0.58 bar, 0.59 bar, 0.60 bar, 0.61 bar, 0.62 bar.

[0027] 0.63 bar, 0.64 bar, 0.65 bar, 0.66 bar, 0.67 bar, 0.68 bar or 0.69 bar, and / or a maximum of 0.70 bar, 0.69 bar, 0.68 bar, 0.67 bar, 0.66 bar, 0.65 bar, 0.64 bar, 0.63 bar, 0.62 bar, 0.61 bar, 0.60 bar, 0.59 bar,

[0028] 0.58 bar, 0.57 bar, 0.56 bar, 0.55 bar, 0.54 bar, 0.53 bar, 0.52 bar or

[0029] 0.51 bar. Even more preferably, the temperature in the first tank is at least 80°C, 81°C, 82°C, 83°C, 84°C, 85°C, 86°C, 87°C, 88°C, 89°C, 90°C, 91°C, 92°C, 93°C or 94°C and / or at most 95°C, 94°C, 93°C, 92°C, 91°C, 90°C, 89°C, 88°C, 87°C, 86°C, 85°C, 84°C, 83°C, 82°C or 81°C.

[0030] In one embodiment of the invention, it is conceivable that the gas discharged by the first compressor has a pressure below atmospheric pressure, i.e., below approximately 1 bar. Within the scope of the invention, it has been recognized that in the field of heat-based beverage production equipment, temperatures are frequently required at least in two stages, each requiring a temperature level below the boiling point of the heating medium at atmospheric pressure, and / or that the operation of heat-based beverage production is significantly simplified if the gas is compressed in a first step before being fed into the process, while at least one process still requires a heat input at a temperature level below the atmospheric boiling point of the heating medium.In other words, there are at least two different processes at different temperature levels, both of which require a heat input below the atmospheric boiling point of the medium. The distribution of the gaseous heating medium is significantly facilitated by the initial compression from the first compressor. Therefore, to maintain gas at both temperature levels and achieve the associated benefits, it is advantageous to store gas at two different sub-atmospheric pressures and correspondingly low temperatures. Additionally or alternatively, the compression from the first compressor can be used to improve the distribution and supply of gas at a pressure level below atmospheric pressure, thus eliminating the need for direct withdrawal from the first tank.It is particularly preferred that the pressure of the gas discharged by the first compressor is between 0.75 bar and 0.95 bar and / or that the temperature of the gas discharged by the first compressor is between 90°C and 100°C. Particularly preferred is the pressure of the gas discharged by the first compressor at least 0.75 bar, 0.76 bar, 0.77 bar, 0.78 bar, 0.79 bar, 0.80 bar, or 0.81 bar.

[0031] 0.82 bar, 0.83 bar, 0.84 bar, 0.85 bar, 0.86 bar, 0.87 bar, 0.88 bar,

[0032] 0.89 bar, 0.90 bar, 0.91 bar, 0.92 bar, 0.93 bar or 0.94 bar and / or a maximum of 0.95 bar, 0.94 bar, 0.93 bar, 0.92 bar, 0.91 bar, 0.90 bar,

[0033] 0.89 bar, 0.88 bar, 0.87 bar, 0.86 bar, 0.85 bar, 0.84 bar, 0.83 bar, 0.82 bar, 0.81 bar, 0.80 bar, 0.79 bar, 0.78 bar, 0.77 bar or 0.76 bar. Even more preferably, the temperature of the gas discharged from the first compressor is at least 90°C, 91°C, 92°C, 93°C, 94°C, 95°C, 96°C, 97°C, 98°C or 99°C and / or at most 100°C, 99°C, 98°C, 97°C, 96°C, 95°C, 94°C, 93°C, 92°C or 91°C.

[0034] In a further development of the invention, it is conceivable that the first tank for introducing the heating medium as a liquid includes a nozzle. Introducing the liquid via a nozzle allows for flash evaporation, whereby a portion of the introduced liquid evaporates into a gas upon introduction, thereby cooling the remaining liquid portion. In this way, the pressure and temperature levels in the first tank can be easily, quickly, and precisely adjusted.

[0035] Furthermore, it is conceivable that the first compressor is connected to a second tank on one of its discharge sides. This allows gas to be stored at the temperature and / or pressure level supplied by the first compressor. This enables more precise control of the temperature and pressure levels both in the first tank and on the discharge side of the first compressor, and thus in the second tank. A pressure of 0.75 bar to 0.95 bar and / or a temperature of 90°C to 100°C are particularly preferred in the second tank. The pressure in the second tank is particularly preferably at least 0.75 bar, 0.76 bar, 0.77 bar, 0.78 bar, 0.79 bar, 0.80 bar, 0.81 bar, 0.82 bar, 0.83 bar, 0.84 bar, 0.85 bar, 0.86 bar, or 0.87 bar.

[0036] 0.88 bar, 0.89 bar, 0.90 bar, 0.91 bar, 0.92 bar, 0.93 bar or 0.94 bar and / or a maximum of 0.95 bar, 0.94 bar, 0.93 bar, 0.92 bar, 0.91 bar, 0.90 bar, 0.89 bar, 0.88 bar, 0.87 bar, 0.86 bar, 0.85 bar, 0.84 bar

[0037] 0.83 bar, 0.82 bar, 0.81 bar, 0.80 bar, 0.79 bar, 0.78 bar, 0.77 bar or

[0038] 0.76 bar. Even more preferably, the temperature in the second tank is at least 90°C, 91°C, 92°C, 93°C, 94°C, 95°C, 96°C, 97°C, 98°C or 99°C and / or at most 100°C, 99°C, 98°C, 97°C, 96°C, 95°C, 94°C, 93°C, 92°C or 91°C. Most preferably, the temperature in the second tank is between 5°C and 15°C higher than in the first tank.

[0039] In a further development, it is preferred that the second tank can be supplied with liquid and / or contains liquid and gas. If the heating medium is stored as both gas and liquid in the second tank, the advantages described elsewhere can be achieved. In particular, new gas can be generated after gas withdrawal due to the processes described elsewhere. It is also preferred that the second tank includes a nozzle for introducing the liquid. This allows the flash evaporation described elsewhere to be achieved. In particular, flash evaporation allows the pressure and / or temperature in the second tank to be easily kept constant and / or adjusted by introducing liquid at a temperature level above that provided in the second tank. It is even more preferred that the second tank includes a connection for liquid dispensing.In particular, the liquid discharge port of the second tank can be connected to the first tank in such a way that liquid can be transferred from the second tank to the first. The liquid in the second tank has a higher temperature than the liquid in the first tank. By mixing liquid from the second tank into the first tank, the temperature in the first tank can be increased to adjust the pressure and / or temperature in the first tank.

[0040] Furthermore, it is conceivable that a suction side of a second compressor is arranged directly or indirectly on the discharge side of the first compressor, with the second compressor capable of producing gas at a higher pressure and temperature than the gas produced by the first compressor. In this way, gaseous heating medium can be provided at an even higher temperature and / or pressure level and used in the heat-based beverage production device. The gas discharged by the second compressor preferably has a pressure between 0.95 bar and 1.20 bar and / or a temperature between 100°C and 110°C. The pressure of the gas discharged by the second compressor is particularly preferably at least 0.95 bar, 0.96 bar, 0.97 bar, 0.98 bar, 0.99 bar, 1.00 bar, 1.01 bar, or 1.02 bar.

[0041] 1.03 bar, 1.04 bar, 1.05 bar, 1.06 bar, 1.07 bar, 1.08 bar, 1.09 bar,

[0042] 1.10 bar, 1.11 bar, 1.12 bar, 1.13 bar, 1.14 bar, 1.15 bar, 1.16 bar,

[0043] 1.17 bar, 1.18 bar or 1.19 bar and / or a maximum of 1.20 bar, 1.19 bar,

[0044] 1.18 bar, 1.17 bar, 1.16 bar, 1.15 bar, 1.14, 1.13 bar, 1.12 bar, 1.11 bar,

[0045] 1.10 bar, 1.09 bar, 1.08 bar, 1.07 bar, 1.06 bar, 1.05 bar, 1.04 bar,

[0046] 1.03 bar, 1.02 bar, 1.01 bar, 1.00 bar, 0.99 bar, 0.98 bar, 0.97 bar or

[0047] 0.96 bar. Even more preferred is the temperature of the second

[0048] The temperature of the gas discharged by the compressor must be at least 100°C, 101°C, 102°C, 103°C, 104°C, 105°C, 106°C, 107°C, 108°C, or 109°C and / or at most 109°C, 108°C, 107°C, 106°C, 105°C, 104°C, 103°C, 102°C, or 101°C. The discharge side of the first compressor is located directly adjacent to the suction side of the second compressor if there is a direct connection between the discharge side of the first compressor and the suction side of the second compressor, for example, a direct connection via a pipeline. The discharge side of the first compressor is indirectly located at the suction side of the second compressor if there is an indirect connection between the discharge side of the first compressor and the suction side of the second compressor, for example if the second tank is located between the discharge side of the first compressor and the suction side of the second compressor.The point at which the gas delivered by the second compressor is used in the heat-based beverage production process is essentially arbitrary; preferably, it is directed to a raw fruit cooker. Furthermore, it is conceivable that the heating system includes a third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, and / or ninth compressor, each capable of producing gas at a higher pressure and temperature than that produced by the preceding compressor. Particularly preferably, the compressors are at least partially connected directly in series. This allows for the production of gas at a high temperature and pressure level.

[0049] In a further development, it is conceivable that the second compressor is connected to a third tank on the delivery side. This allows gas to be stored at a third temperature level and / or pressure level and supplied to at least one process as needed. Particularly preferably, the third tank is also fillable with liquid and / or gas and / or contains liquid and gas. Most preferably, the third tank includes a nozzle for introducing liquid and / or a connection for dispensing liquid. This allows the advantages disclosed elsewhere to be achieved.

[0050] The pressure in the third tank is particularly preferably between 0.95 bar and 1.20 bar and / or the temperature is between 100°C and 110°C. The pressure in the third tank is particularly preferably at least 0.95 bar, 0.96 bar, 0.97 bar, 0.98 bar, 0.99 bar, 1.00 bar, or 1.01 bar.

[0051] 1.02 bar, 1.03 bar, 1.04 bar, 1.05 bar, 1.06 bar, 1.07 bar, 1.08 bar,

[0052] 1.09 bar, 1.10 bar, 1.11 bar, 1.12 bar, 1.13 bar, 1.14 bar, 1.15 bar,

[0053] 1.16 bar, 1.17 bar, 1.18 bar or 1.19 bar and / or a maximum of 1.20 bar,

[0054] 1.19 bar, 1.18 bar, 1.17 bar, 1.16 bar, 1.15 bar, 1.14, 1.13 bar, 1.12 bar,

[0055] 1.11 bar, 1.10 bar, 1.09 bar, 1.08 bar, 1.07 bar, 1.06 bar, 1.05 bar,

[0056] 1.04 bar, 1.03 bar, 1.02 bar, 1.01 bar, 1.00 bar, 0.99 bar, 0.98 bar,

[0057] 0.97 bar or 0.96 bar. Even more preferably, the temperature in the third tank is at least 100°C, 101°C, 102°C, 103°C, 104°C, 105°C, 106°C, 107°C, 108°C, 109°C, 110°C, 111°C, 112°C, 113°C, 114°C.

[0058] 115°C, 116°C, 117°C, 118°C, 119°C, 120°C, 121°C, 122°C, 123°C,

[0059] 124°C, 125°C, 126°C, 127°C, 128°C or 129°C and / or a maximum of 130°C, 129°C, 128°C, 127°C, 126°C, 125°C, 124°C, 123°C, 122°C,

[0060] 121°C, 120°C, 119°C, 118°C, 117°C, 116°C, 115°C, 114°C, 113°C, 1 12°C, 1 1 1°C, 1 10°C, 109°C, 108°C, 107°C, 106°C, 105°C, 104°C, 103°C, 102°C or 101°C.

[0061] Further details, features, and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of the preferred embodiments in conjunction with the dependent claims. The respective features can be implemented individually or in combination with one another. The invention is not limited to the embodiments shown. The embodiments are illustrated schematically in the figures. Identical reference numerals in the individual figures denote identical or functionally equivalent elements, or elements that correspond to one another with respect to their function.

[0062] In detail, they show

[0063] Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of a heating system according to the invention;

[0064] Fig. 2: a second embodiment according to the invention of a

[0065] Heating system;

[0066] Fig. 3: a third embodiment according to the invention of a

[0067] heating system; and

[0068] Fig. 4: a fourth embodiment according to the invention of a

[0069] Heating system.

[0070] Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of a heating system 1 according to the invention. The heating system 1 is part of a heat-based beverage production device 20 in the form of a brewhouse. The heating system 1 comprises a first tank 2 in which water and steam are stored as heating media. The pressure in the first tank 2 is approximately 0.6 bar and the temperature is approximately 85 °C. The aforementioned values ​​are average values ​​that may fluctuate due to process variations. The first tank 2 has an outlet at its top so that the steam can be extracted. A first compressor 3 is connected with its suction side to the outlet of the first tank 2 such that the first compressor 3 can extract steam from the first tank 2 and compress it. By extracting steam from the first tank 2, the first compressor 3 can create and / or maintain sub-atmospheric pressure in the first tank 2.The heating system 1 further comprises a second tank 4, which is supplied by the first compressor 3. The second tank 4 also contains a heating medium in the form of water and steam. The pressure in the second tank 4 is approximately equal to the pressure supplied by the first compressor 3, namely about 0.8 bar, and the temperature is approximately 95 °C. The pressure in the second tank can also fluctuate depending on the process. Steam can also be drawn off from an outlet at the top of the second tank 4. This outlet is connected to a second compressor 5 such that the second compressor 5 can compress and thus heat the steam from the second tank 4. The second compressor 5 can reduce the pressure in the second tank 4. The second compressor 5 then supplies the compressed steam, among other things, to a third tank 6, which preferably has an atmospheric pressure of approximately 1 bar and a temperature of approximately 100 °C.Water vapor is also drawn from the third tank 6 through an outlet and fed to a third compressor 7. This compressor further compresses the water vapor to approximately 1.5 bar, thereby heating it to a temperature of approximately 110°C. The third tank 6 also contains liquid heating medium, i.e., water.

[0071] The steam emitted by the first compressor 3 is fed to a mash tun 21 next to the second tank 4. The mash tun 21 is heated by the steam, which condenses in a condenser. The water produced during condensation is returned to the first tank 2 via a nozzle to increase the water level and / or temperature in the first tank 2 as needed. The steam emitted by the second compressor 5 is fed to a raw grain cooker 22 of the brewhouse next to the third tank 6 and condensed by a condenser, transferring heat to the mash in the raw grain cooker 22. The water produced during condensation is fed to the first tank 2, the second tank 4, and / or the third tank 6 to increase the water level and / or temperature in these tanks 2, 4, and 6, respectively.The steam emitted by the third compressor 7 is fed to a wort kettle 23 to heat it via a condenser through condensation. The condensed water can be returned to the first tank 2, the second tank 4, and / or the third tank 6.

[0072] To regulate the temperatures, and thus indirectly the pressure, in the first tank 2, the heating system 1 includes a heat input system comprising a condenser and several heat exchangers 9, 10, through which heat can be transferred to the water used as the heating medium. When the first compressor 3 extracts steam from the first tank 2, some of the water in the first tank 2 boils, causing the water to cool until pressure equilibrium is reached in the first tank 2. Due to this cooling, the water must be brought back up to the specified temperature of 80°C in the first tank 2. It is possible to briefly heat the water to over 80°C and / or introduce water hotter than 80°C so that the pressure equilibrium settles at the specified values. The temperatures and pressures in the second tank 4 and the third tank 6 can be regulated similarly.A first heat source is a heat pump 8, which is used as a chiller for a refrigeration system, in particular a fermentation cellar and / or a storage cellar, and which can transfer heat to the water in the heating system 1 via one of the heat exchangers 10. The heat extracted from the refrigeration system is transferred to the water, which is heated accordingly. The heated water is preferably returned to the first tank 2 via a nozzle. Another heat source is a burner, which can in particular be part of a combined heat and power plant. Alternatively, it is conceivable to burn biogas or biomass. The heat from the burner is transferred to the water of the heating system via a burner heat exchanger 9. A third source is a wort chiller 13, by means of which heated wort is cooled, whereby the thermal energy is transferred to the water used as a heating medium, which is returned to the first tank 2.A final energy source is a pan vapor condenser 11, by means of which the vapors produced during boiling in the wort kettle 23 are condensed and the condensed wort is returned to the wort kettle 23 or to another location in the brewhouse. The water is heated to a significantly higher temperature than in the other processes, so that it can be introduced into all tanks 2, 4, 6 to regulate the temperature there. Ultimately, the temperature and pressure, particularly in the first tank 2, are regulated by the individual heating stages and further by the extraction of steam by the first compressor 3. Since the water or steam circulates in the system, and no extraction or introduction of steam or water is required at any point due to the process, it is a closed system according to the invention.

[0073] Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment of a heating system 1 according to the invention. The heating system 1 is also used in a heat-based beverage device 20 designed as a brewhouse. The heating system 1 shown comprises a first tank 2 in which a pressure of approximately 0.8 bar and a temperature of approximately 95°C prevail. The first tank 2 contains heating medium in gaseous form as water vapor and in liquid form as water. Water vapor can be drawn from the first tank 2 at an outlet on the top side via the suction side of a first compressor 3, which delivers the compressed water vapor to a second compressor 5, where the second compressor 5 further compresses the water vapor. The doubly compressed water vapor is fed to a third compressor 7 and subsequently to a fourth compressor 12. The water vapor is also heated by the compression stages and warms up by 5°C to 15°C per compression stage.The steam heated and compressed by this cascade of compressors 3, 5, 7, 12 is used to heat a mash tun 21, a raw grain cooker 22, and a wort kettle 23. The steam is then directed to a wort heater 24. The wort heater 24 is designed as a condenser. Its purpose is to preheat the wort before it is introduced into the wort kettle 23. During this process, the steam condenses on the respective components 21, 22, 23, 24, and the heat is transferred. The different temperature levels are regulated by the amount of steam supplied. The water condensed on the components 21, 22, 23, 24 is fed to the first tank 2 via a nozzle. To keep the temperature and pressure levels in the first tank 2 constant, respectively.To maintain the temperature within a predetermined range, the heating system 1 also comprises a heat pump 8, which is used as a chiller for a cold storage facility and which can transfer heat to the water in the heating system 1 via one of the heat exchangers 10; a burner, which is connected to the pipes of the heating system 1 by means of a burner heat exchanger 9 and which heats the water particularly when no other heat is available from other process parts of the brewhouse; a wort chiller 13, which is used to cool the wort; and a kettle vapor condenser 11, which is used to cool the vapor produced during wort boiling in the wort kettle 23 and to condense it. According to the invention, the system is also closed.

[0074] Fig. 3 shows a third embodiment of a heating system 1 according to the invention. The heating system 1 comprises a first tank 2 in which the heating medium is stored as a liquid and as a gas. The first tank 2 is connected to a first compressor 3, which can extract gas from the first tank 2 and compress it. On the delivery side, the first compressor 3 is connected to a second compressor 5, which further compresses the gas delivered by the first compressor. The compressed gas, heated by the compression, is fed to a wort kettle 23 of a brewhouse 20, where the gas condenses into liquid in a condenser. The condensation heats the wort kettle 23. The resulting liquid is returned to the first tank 2 through a nozzle. The liquid can then be fed to a heat exchanger 10.Heated water is also supplied to heat exchanger 10 via a pan vapor condenser 1, whereby the heat extracted from the wort is transferred from the water in heat exchanger 10 to the liquid. The liquid is also returned to the first tank 2. A heater 14 is located in the first tank 2, by means of which the temperature in the first tank 2 can be increased as needed. Due to the return lines, it is a closed system.

[0075] Fig. 4 shows a fourth embodiment of a heating system 1 according to the invention. The heating system 1 comprises a first tank 2 in which the heating medium is stored as a liquid and as a gas. The first tank 2 is connected to a first compressor 3, which can extract gas from the first tank 2 and compress it. On the delivery side, the first compressor 3 is connected to a second compressor 5, which further compresses the gas delivered by the first compressor. The further compressed gas, heated by the compression, is fed to a wort kettle 23 of a brewhouse 20, where the gas condenses into liquid in a condenser. The condensation heats the wort kettle 23. The resulting liquid is returned to the first tank 2 through a nozzle. The liquid can also be fed to a kettle vapor condenser 11, whereby the heat extracted from the vapor is transferred to the liquid.The liquid is also returned to the first tank 2. A heater 14 is located in the first tank 2, which can be used to increase the temperature in the first tank 2 as needed. The return lines make it a closed system. The fourth design is particularly suitable for overcoming many disadvantages of mechanical vapor compression in the wort kettle of a brewery. In known systems with mechanical vapor compression, a compressor draws the vapor directly from the wort kettle and compresses it. The compressed vapor is then directed into an inner or outer boiler of the wort kettle to heat the wort so that it boils and evaporates. A disadvantage of these systems is that the vapor from the wort kettle is contaminated with hop oils and other substances. These contaminate the heat exchangers such as the inner or outer boiler.Therefore, these systems must be cleaned regularly, not only on the wort side but also on the heating element side. Furthermore, in addition to heat exchangers for the vapor, at least one additional heat exchanger for the wort kettle is often required to transfer the heat energy from fresh steam generated elsewhere to the wort. The fourth design avoids this disadvantage because the water quality remains constant due to the closed system, preventing the introduction of contaminants. Thus, the heat exchanger can be operated with fresh steam and, in combination with or alternatively to heating system 1 according to the fourth design, can transfer heat to the wort kettle. In particular, it is conceivable to use the fresh steam to heat the wort while heating system 1 maintains the wort at the set temperature.Another advantage of heating system 1 is that the wort kettle 23 is insulated, and the wort kettle 23 can be supplied with heat via external heat sources. Heating system 1, which heats the wort kettle 23, is designed as a closed loop for energy input into the wort kettle 23, yet heat from the condensation of the vapor during boiling can be recovered and returned to the wort kettle 23 as quickly as possible. This reduces the discrepancy between heat supply and heat demand.

[0076] In systems with mechanical vapor recirculation, it is also crucial that all inert gases are removed from the wort kettle to ensure the proper and long-term functioning of the vapor compression and heat transfer equipment. Inert gases are defined as gases present in the vapor, in addition to water vapor. To achieve this, a longer pre-boil phase is often employed, during which the inert gases are displaced along with the resulting water vapor. This displacement typically occurs into the surrounding environment, leading to significant heat loss. Furthermore, inert gases are continuously introduced into the wort kettle during the boil, particularly through the addition of hops and other dosages, and are also generated during certain chemical reactions, especially the Maillard reaction. Therefore, inert gas must also be removed at regular intervals during the boil, which results in the aforementioned energy losses.This disadvantage is overcome by the fourth version of heating system 1, since heating system 1 is designed to be closed, whereby the heat is transferred to the heating system.

[0077] Further advantages include the ease of retrofitting by integrating existing components and / or devices, in particular a heat exchanger, an internal cooker, an external cooker and / or a compressor.

Claims

Patent claims 1. Heating system ( 1 ) for a heat-based beverage production device (20), comprising at least one first tank (2) for receiving a heating medium as a gas and as a liquid and at least one first compressor (3), wherein the first compressor (3) is connected to the first tank (2) via a suction side, wherein gas with a higher pressure and higher temperature than the gas in the first tank (2) can be produced with the first compressor (3), characterized in that the heating system ( 1 ) is closed.

2. Heating system ( 1 ) according to claim 1 , characterized in that the heating medium comprises water.

3. Heating system (1 ) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the heating medium can be extracted and supplied to the first tank (2) as a gas and as a liquid.

4. Heating system ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first tank comprises a heat input system.

5. Heating system ( 1 ) according to claim 4, characterized in that the heat input system comprises at least one condenser (9, 10, 13) and / or a heater (14).

6. Heating system ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pressure of the gas in the first tank (2) is below the atmospheric pressure i st.

7. Heating system ( 1 ) according to claim 6, characterized in that the pressure of the gas in the first tank (2) is 0.5 bar to 0.7 bar and / or the temperature of the gas is 80°C to 95°C.

8. Heating system ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the gas delivered by the first compressor (3) has a pressure below atmospheric pressure.

9. Heating system ( 1 ) according to claim 3 , characterized in that the pressure of the gas delivered by the first compressor (3) is 0.75 bar to 0.95 bar and / or the temperature of the gas delivered by the first compressor (3) is 90°C to 100°C.

10. Heating system ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims , characterized in that the first tank (2) comprises a nozzle for introducing liquid. 1 1. Heating system ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first compressor (3) is connected to a second tank (4) on a delivery side.

12. Heating system ( 1 ) according to claim 1 1 , characterized in that the second tank (4) can be supplied with liquid and gas and / or contains liquid and gas.

13. Heating system ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a suction side of a second compressor (5) is arranged directly or indirectly on the discharge side of the first compressor (3), wherein gas with a higher pressure and higher temperature than the pressure and temperature of the gas produced with the first compressor (3) can be produced with the second compressor (5).

14. Heating system ( 1 ) according to claim 13 , characterized in that the pressure of the gas supplied by the second compressor (5) is 0.95 bar to 1.20 bar and / or the temperature of the gas supplied by the second compressor (5) is 100°C to 110°C.

15. Heating system ( 1 ) according to claim 10 or 1 1 , characterized in that the second compressor (5) is connected to a third tank (6) on the delivery side.

Images