Apparatus and method for joint transmission in wireless communication system

Abstract

The purpose of the present disclosure is to perform joint transmission in a wireless communication system, and a method of operating a terminal comprises the steps of: receiving a first reference signal transmitted by using a first beam set; transmitting a measurement report based on the first reference signal; receiving a second reference signal and a data signal transmitted using a second beam set; and transmitting a response to at least one of the second reference signal and the data signal, wherein the second beam set is determined on the basis of the measurement report, and the response includes information indicating the occurrence of blocking of at least one of the beams included in the second beam set.

Description

Device and method for combined transmission in a wireless communication system

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a wireless communication system, and more specifically to an apparatus and method for joint transmission in a wireless communication system.

[0002] Wireless access systems are being widely deployed to provide various types of communication services, such as voice and data. Generally, a wireless access system is a multiple access system capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (bandwidth, transmission power, etc.). Examples of multiple access systems include CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), and SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access) systems.

[0003] In particular, as many communication devices require large communication capacities, enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) communication technology is being proposed as an improvement over existing radio access technology (RAT). Furthermore, communication systems are being proposed that consider not only massive machine type communications (mmTC), which connects multiple devices and objects to provide various services anytime and anywhere, but also services and user equipment (UE) that are sensitive to reliability and latency. Various technical configurations are being proposed to achieve this.

[0004] The present disclosure relates to an apparatus and method for effective joint transmission in a wireless communication system.

[0005] The present disclosure relates to an apparatus and method for rapidly detecting the occurrence of blockage for combined transmission in a wireless communication system.

[0006] The present disclosure relates to an apparatus and method for reporting the occurrence of a blockage for combined transmission in a wireless communication system.

[0007] The present disclosure relates to an apparatus and method for switching a beam without measurement in response to the occurrence of blockage in a wireless communication system.

[0008] The present disclosure relates to an apparatus and method for assigning priority to a beam set for beam switching in a wireless communication system.

[0009] The present disclosure relates to an apparatus and method for pre-measuring beams for coupled transmission for beam switching in a wireless communication system.

[0010] The present disclosure relates to an apparatus and method for switching a beam in consideration of a phase difference in a wireless communication system.

[0011] The present disclosure relates to an apparatus and method for switching beams based on priority in a wireless communication system.

[0012] The present disclosure relates to an apparatus and method for transmitting and receiving signals using a reflector in a wireless communication system.

[0013] The present disclosure relates to an apparatus and method for changing a beam in consideration of reflector compensation when performing combined transmission in a wireless communication system.

[0014] The technical objectives to be achieved in this disclosure are not limited to those mentioned above, and other unmentioned technical problems may be considered by those skilled in the art to which the technical configuration of this disclosure applies, based on the embodiments of this disclosure described below.

[0015] As an example of the present disclosure, a method performed by a terminal in a wireless communication system comprises receiving a first reference signal transmitted using a first beam set, transmitting a measurement report based on the first reference signal, receiving a second reference signal and a data signal transmitted using a second beam set, and transmitting a response to the second reference signal and the data signal, wherein the second beam set is determined based on the measurement report, and the response includes information indicating the occurrence of blocking of at least one of the beams included in the second beam set.

[0016] As an example of the present disclosure, a method performed by a base station in a wireless communication system comprises: transmitting a first reference signal using a first beam set; receiving a measurement report based on the first reference signal; transmitting a second reference signal and data transmitted using a second beam set; receiving a response to the transmission of the second reference signal and data; and changing a beam used for transmission based on the response, wherein the response includes information indicating the occurrence of blocking of at least one of the beams included in the second beam set.

[0017] As an example of the present disclosure, a terminal in a wireless communication system comprises a transceiver and a processor connected to the transceiver, wherein the processor is configured to receive a first reference signal transmitted using a first beam set and transmit a measurement report based on the first reference signal, receive a second reference signal and a data signal transmitted using a second beam set and transmit a response to the second reference signal and the data signal, wherein the response includes information indicating the occurrence of blockage of at least one of the beams included in the second beam set.

[0018] As an example of the present disclosure, a base station in a wireless communication system comprises a transceiver and a processor connected to the transceiver, wherein the processor is configured to transmit a first reference signal using a first beam set and receive a measurement report based on the first reference signal, transmit a second reference signal and data using a second beam set, receive a response to the transmission of the second reference signal and data, and change a beam used for transmission based on the response, wherein the response includes information indicating the occurrence of blocking of at least one of the beams included in the second beam set.

[0019] As an example of the present disclosure, a communication device comprises at least one processor, and at least one computer memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that direct operations as executed by the at least one processor, wherein the operations include receiving a first reference signal transmitted using a first beam set, transmitting a measurement report based on the first reference signal, receiving a second reference signal and a data signal transmitted using a second beam set, and transmitting a response to the second reference signal and the data signal, wherein the response includes information indicating the occurrence of blockage of at least one of the beams included in the second beam set.

[0020] As an example of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing at least one instruction comprises said at least one instruction executable by a processor, said at least one instruction

[0021] The embodiments of the present disclosure described above are merely some of the preferred embodiments of the present disclosure, and various embodiments reflecting the technical features of the present disclosure can be derived and understood by those skilled in the art based on the detailed description of the present disclosure set forth below.

[0022] The following effects may be achieved by embodiments based on the present disclosure.

[0023] According to the present disclosure, combined transmission can be performed smoothly.

[0024] The effects obtainable from the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to those mentioned above, and other unmentioned effects can be clearly derived and understood by a person skilled in the art to which the technical configuration of the present disclosure applies from the description of the embodiments of the present disclosure below. That is, unintended effects resulting from implementing the configuration described in the present disclosure can also be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0025] The drawings attached below are intended to aid in understanding the present disclosure and may provide embodiments of the present disclosure together with the detailed description. However, the technical features of the present disclosure are not limited to specific drawings, and features disclosed in each drawing may be combined with one another to form new embodiments. Reference numerals in each drawing may denote structural elements.

[0026] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a communication system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0027] FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a wireless device applicable to the present disclosure.

[0028] FIG. 3 illustrates a method for processing a transmission signal applicable to the present disclosure.

[0029] FIG. 4 illustrates a communication procedure between a terminal and a base station applicable to the present disclosure.

[0030] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G (6th generation) system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0031] FIG. 6 illustrates an electromagnetic spectrum applicable to the present disclosure.

[0032] FIG. 7 illustrates a THz communication method applicable to the present disclosure.

[0033] FIG. 8 illustrates a THz signal generation method applicable to the present disclosure.

[0034] FIG. 9 illustrates a wireless communication transceiver applicable to the present disclosure.

[0035] FIG. 10 illustrates a transmitter structure applicable to the present disclosure.

[0036] FIG. 11 illustrates a system information transmission procedure applicable to the present disclosure.

[0037] FIG. 12 illustrates a beam management procedure applicable to the present disclosure.

[0038] FIG. 13 illustrates an example of a beam width based on HPBW (half power beam width) applicable to the present disclosure.

[0039] FIG. 14 illustrates an example of a beam switching procedure of a wireless communication system according to the present disclosure.

[0040] FIG. 15 conceptually illustrates a combined transmission according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0041] FIG. 16a illustrates an example of the structure of a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0042] FIG. 16b illustrates an example of the structure of a network controller reflector (NCR) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0043] FIG. 17 illustrates an example of beam switching in a coupled transmission system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0044] FIG. 18 illustrates an example of a wireless communication system for combined transmission according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0045] FIG. 19 illustrates an example of DM-RS (demodulation reference signal) resource allocation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0046] FIG. 20 illustrates an example of a procedure for combined transmission according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0047] FIG. 21 illustrates a detailed example of a procedure for combined transmission according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0048] FIG. 22 illustrates an example of a procedure for combined transmission according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0049] FIG. 23 illustrates a detailed example of a procedure for combined transmission according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0050] FIG. 24 illustrates an example of a procedure for assigning priority to beam sets according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0051] FIG. 25 illustrates an example of a procedure for combined transmission using a determined beam according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0052] FIG. 26 illustrates an example of a wireless device applicable to the present disclosure.

[0053] FIG. 27 illustrates an example of a portable device applicable to the present disclosure.

[0054] FIG. 28 illustrates an example of a vehicle or autonomous vehicle applicable to the present disclosure.

[0055] FIG. 29 illustrates an example of a vehicle applicable to the present disclosure.

[0056] FIG. 30 illustrates an example of an XR device applicable to the present disclosure.

[0057] FIG. 31 illustrates an example of a robot applicable to the present disclosure.

[0058] FIG. 32 illustrates an example of an AI device applicable to the present disclosure.

[0059] The following embodiments are combinations of the components and features of the present disclosure in a predetermined form. Each component or feature may be considered optional unless otherwise explicitly stated. Each component or feature may be implemented in a form not combined with other components or features. Additionally, some components and / or features may be combined to form embodiments of the present disclosure. The order of operations described in the embodiments of the present disclosure may be changed. Some components or features of any embodiment may be included in other embodiments, or may be replaced with corresponding components or features of other embodiments.

[0060] In the description of the drawings, procedures or steps that could obscure the gist of the present disclosure have not been described, nor have procedures or steps that are understandable to those skilled in the art been described.

[0061] Throughout the specification, when a part is described as "comprising" or "including" a component, this means that, unless specifically stated otherwise, it does not exclude other components but may include additional components. Furthermore, terms such as "...part," "...unit," and "module" as used in the specification refer to a unit that performs at least one function or operation, and this may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. Additionally, "one (a or an)," "one," "the," and similar related terms may be used in the context describing the present disclosure (particularly in the context of the following claims) in both singular and plural forms, unless otherwise indicated in the specification or clearly contradicted by the context.

[0062] In this specification, the embodiments of the present disclosure are described with a focus on the data transmission and reception relationship between a base station and a mobile station. Here, the base station refers to a terminal node of a network that communicates directly with a mobile station. Specific operations described in this document as being performed by a base station may, in some cases, be performed by an upper node of the base station.

[0063] That is, in a network consisting of multiple network nodes including a base station, various operations performed for communication with a mobile station may be performed by the base station or other network nodes other than the base station. In this case, 'base station' may be replaced by terms such as fixed station, Node B, eNB (eNode B), gNB (gNode B), ng-eNB, advanced base station (ABS), or access point.

[0064] Additionally, in the embodiments of the present disclosure, the term terminal may be replaced with terms such as user equipment (UE), mobile station (MS), subscriber station (SS), mobile subscriber station (MSS), mobile terminal, or advanced mobile station (AMS).

[0065] Furthermore, the transmitting end refers to a fixed and / or mobile node that provides data or voice services, and the receiving end refers to a fixed and / or mobile node that receives data or voice services. Therefore, in the case of the uplink, a mobile station can be the transmitting end and a base station can be the receiving end. Similarly, in the case of the downlink, a mobile station can be the receiving end and a base station can be the transmitting end.

[0066] Embodiments of the present disclosure may be supported by standard documents disclosed in at least one of the wireless access systems, such as IEEE 802.xx systems, 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) systems, 3GPP LTE (Long Term Evolution) systems, 3GPP 5G (5th generation) NR (New Radio) systems and 3GPP2 systems, and in particular, embodiments of the present disclosure may be supported by 3GPP TS (technical specification) 38.211, 3GPP TS 38.212, 3GPP TS 38.213, 3GPP TS 38.321 and 3GPP TS 38.331 documents.

[0067] In addition, the embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to other wireless access systems and are not limited to the systems described above. For example, they may be applicable to systems applied after the 3GPP 5G NR system and are not limited to specific systems.

[0068] That is, obvious steps or parts not described in the embodiments of the present disclosure may be described by referring to the aforementioned documents. Additionally, all terms disclosed in this document may be explained by the aforementioned standard documents.

[0069] Hereinafter, preferred embodiments according to the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The detailed description disclosed below, together with the accompanying drawings, is intended to describe exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure and is not intended to represent the only embodiment in which the technical configuration of the present disclosure can be implemented.

[0070] Additionally, specific terms used in the embodiments of the present disclosure are provided to aid in understanding the present disclosure, and the use of such specific terms may be modified in other forms without departing from the technical spirit of the present disclosure.

[0071] The following technology can be applied to various wireless access systems such as CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), and SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access).

[0072]

[0073] For the sake of clarity, the following description is based on 3GPP communication systems (e.g., LTE, NR, etc.), but the technical scope of this disclosure is not limited thereto. LTE may refer to technology from 3GPP TS 36.xxx Release 8 onwards. Specifically, LTE technology from 3GPP TS 36.xxx Release 10 onwards is referred to as LTE-A, and LTE technology from 3GPP TS 36.xxx Release 13 onwards may be referred to as LTE-A pro. 3GPP NR may refer to technology from TS 38.xxx Release 15 onwards. 3GPP 6G may refer to technology from TS Release 17 and / or Release 18 onwards. "xxx" indicates a specific standard document number. LTE / NR / 6G may be collectively referred to as 3GPP systems.

[0074] Regarding the background technology, terms, abbreviations, etc. used in this disclosure, reference may be made to standard documents published prior to this disclosure. For example, reference may be made to standard documents 36.xxx and 38.xxx.

[0075]

[0076] Communication systems applicable to the present disclosure

[0077] Although not limited thereto, the various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of the disclosure disclosed in this document may be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication / connection (e.g., 5G) between devices.

[0078] Examples are provided in more detail below with reference to the drawings. In the following drawings and descriptions, the same reference numerals may represent the same or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or function blocks unless otherwise described.

[0079] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a communication system to which the present disclosure applies.

[0080] Referring to FIG. 1, the communication system (100) to which the present disclosure applies includes a wireless device, a base station, and a network. Here, the wireless device refers to a device that performs communication using wireless access technology (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A pro, NR, 5G, 5G-A, 6G) and may be referred to as a communication / wireless / 5G device. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may include a robot (100a), a vehicle (100b-1, 100b-2), an XR (extended reality) device (100c), a hand-held device (100d), a home appliance (100e), an IoT (Internet of Thing) device (100f), and an AI (artificial intelligence) device / server (100g). For example, the vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with wireless communication capabilities, an autonomous vehicle, a vehicle capable of performing inter-vehicle communication, etc. Here, the vehicle (100b-1, 100b-2) may include an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone). The XR device (100c) includes an augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) / mixed reality (MR) device and may be implemented in the form of a head-mounted device (HMD), a head-up display (HUD) equipped in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. The portable device (100d) may include a smartphone, a smartpad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, smart glasses), a computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.). The home appliance (100e) may include a TV, a refrigerator, a washing machine, etc. The IoT device (100f) may include a sensor, a smart meter, etc.For example, the base station (120) and network (130) may also be implemented as wireless devices, and a specific wireless device (120a) may act as a base station / network node to other wireless devices.

[0081] Wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to a network (130) through a base station (120). AI technology may be applied to the wireless devices (100a to 100f), and the wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to an AI server (100g) through the network (130). The network (130) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR) network, or a 6G network. The wireless devices (100a to 100f) may communicate with each other through the base station (120) / network (130), but may also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the base station (120) / network (130). For example, vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2) can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (vehicle to vehicle) / V2X (vehicle to everything) communication). Also, an IoT device (100f) (e.g., a sensor) can communicate directly with another IoT device (e.g., a sensor) or other wireless devices (100a to 100f).

[0082] Wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can be established between wireless devices (100a to 100f) / base station (120) and between base station (120) / base station (120). Here, wireless communication / connection can be established through various wireless access technologies such as uplink / downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or D2D communication), and communication between base stations (150c) (e.g., relay, IAB (integrated access backhaul)). Through wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c), wireless devices and base stations / wireless devices, and base stations and base stations can transmit / receive wireless signals to / from each other. For example, wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, based on the various proposals of the present disclosure, at least some of the following may be performed: a process for setting various configuration information for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, a process for various signal processing (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), a resource allocation process, etc.

[0083]

[0084] Devices applicable to the present disclosure

[0085] FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a wireless device that can be applied to the present disclosure.

[0086] Referring to FIG. 2, the wireless device (200) can transmit and receive wireless signals through various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A pro, NR, 5G, 5G-A, 6G). The wireless device (200) includes at least one processor (202) and at least one memory (204), and may additionally include at least one transceiver (206) and / or at least one antenna (208).

[0087] The processor (202) controls the memory (204) and / or the transceiver (206) and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or sequences of operation disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (202) may process information within the memory (204) to generate a first information / signal and then transmit a wireless signal containing the first information / signal through the transceiver (206). Additionally, the processor (202) may receive a wireless signal containing a second information / signal through the transceiver (206) and then store information obtained from the signal processing of the second information / signal in the memory (204). The memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202). For example, memory (204) may store software code containing instructions for performing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202) or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or sequences of operations disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (202) and memory (204) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology. A transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals through at least one antenna (208). The transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and / or receiver. The transceiver (206) may be interchangeable with a radio frequency (RF) unit. In this disclosure, a wireless device may mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0088] Hereinafter, hardware elements of the wireless device (200) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, at least one protocol layer may be implemented by at least one processor (202). For example, at least one processor (202) may implement at least one layer (e.g., functional layers such as PHY (physical), MAC (media access control), RLC (radio link control), PDCP (packet data convergence protocol), RRC (radio resource control), and SDAP (service data adaptation protocol). At least one processor (202) may generate at least one PDU (Protocol Data Unit) and / or at least one SDU (service data unit) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operation sequences disclosed in this document. At least one processor (202) may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operation sequences disclosed in this document. At least one processor (202) may generate a signal (e.g., baseband signal) including a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals, and / or methods disclosed in this document and provide it to at least one transceiver (206). At least one processor (202) may receive a signal (e.g., baseband signal) from at least one transceiver (206) and may obtain a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequences disclosed in this document.

[0089] At least one processor (202) may be referred to as a controller, microcontroller, microprocessor, or microcomputer. At least one processor (202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, at least one application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), at least one digital signal processor (DSP), at least one digital signal processing device (DSPD), at least one programmable logic device (PLD), or at least one field programmable gate array (FPGA) may be included in at least one processor (202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequences disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. Firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequences disclosed in this document may be included in at least one processor (202) or stored in at least one memory (204) and driven by at least one processor (202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of code, instructions, and / or sets of instructions.

[0090] At least one memory (204) may be connected to at least one processor (202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and / or commands. At least one memory (204) may be composed of ROM (read-only memory), RAM (random access memory), EPROM (erasable programmable read-only memory), flash memory, hard drive, registers, cache memory, computer read storage media, and / or combinations thereof. At least one memory (204) may be located inside and / or outside of at least one processor (202). Additionally, at least one memory (204) may be connected to at least one processor (202) via various technologies, such as wired or wireless connections.

[0091] At least one transceiver (206) may transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the methods and / or operation flowcharts, etc. of this document to at least one other device. At least one transceiver (206) may receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operation flowcharts, etc. disclosed in this document from at least one other device. For example, at least one transceiver (206) may be connected to at least one processor (202) and may transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, at least one processor (202) may control at least one transceiver (206) to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to at least one other device. Additionally, at least one processor (202) may control at least one transceiver (206) to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from at least one other device. Additionally, at least one transceiver (206) may be connected to at least one antenna (208), and at least one transceiver (206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as described in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequence diagrams disclosed in this document through at least one antenna (208). In this document, at least one antenna may be a plurality of physical antennas or a plurality of logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). At least one transceiver (206) may convert the received wireless signals / channels, etc., from RF band signals to baseband signals in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., using at least one processor (202). At least one transceiver (206) may convert the processed user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., from baseband signals to RF band signals using at least one processor (202).To this end, at least one transceiver (206) may include an (analog) oscillator and / or filter.

[0092] The components of the wireless device described with reference to FIG. 2 may be referred to by other terms in terms of their function. For example, the processor (202) may be referred to as the control unit, the transceiver (206) as the communication unit, and the memory (204) as the storage unit. In some cases, the communication unit may be used to mean at least a part of the processor (202) and the transceiver (206).

[0093] The structure of the wireless device described with reference to FIG. 2 can be understood as the structure of at least part of various devices. For example, the structure of the wireless device exemplified in FIG. 2 may be at least part of the various devices described with reference to FIG. 1 (e.g., robot (100a), vehicle (100b-1, 100b-2), XR device (100c), portable device (100d), home appliance (100e), IoT device (100f), AI device / server (100g)). Furthermore, according to various embodiments, the device may include other components in addition to the components exemplified in FIG. 2.

[0094] For example, the device may be a portable device such as a smartphone, smartpad, wearable device (e.g., smart watch, smart glasses), or portable computer (e.g., laptop, etc.). In this case, the device may further include at least one of a power supply unit that supplies power and includes a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc., an interface unit that includes at least one port for connection with another device (e.g., audio input / output port, video input / output port), and an input / output unit for inputting and outputting video information / signals, audio information / signals, data, and / or information input by a user.

[0095] For example, the device may be a mobile device such as a mobile robot, vehicle, train, manned / unmanned aerial vehicle (AV), or ship. In this case, the device may further include at least one of a drive unit comprising at least one of an engine, motor, power train, wheel, brake, and steering device of the device; a power supply unit that supplies power and includes a wired / wireless charging circuit, battery, etc.; a sensor unit that senses state information, environmental information, and user information of the device or its surroundings; an autonomous driving unit that performs functions such as path maintenance, speed control, and destination setting; and a position measurement unit that acquires position information of the moving body through a GPS (global positioning system) and various sensors.

[0096] For example, the device may be an XR device such as an HMD, a HUD (head-up display) equipped in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. In this case, the device may further include at least one of a power supply unit that supplies power and includes a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc., an input / output unit that acquires control information, data, etc. from the outside and outputs a generated XR object, and a sensor unit that senses state information, environment information, and user information of the device or the surroundings of the device.

[0097] For example, the device may be a robot that can be classified into industrial, medical, household, military, etc., depending on the purpose or field of use. In this case, the device may further include at least one of a sensor unit that senses state information, environmental information, and user information of the device or its surroundings, and a drive unit that performs various physical actions, such as moving robot joints.

[0098] For example, the device may be an AI device such as a TV, projector, smartphone, PC, laptop, digital broadcasting terminal, tablet PC, wearable device, set-top box (STB), radio, washing machine, refrigerator, digital signage, robot, vehicle, etc. In this case, the device may further include at least one of an input unit that acquires various types of data from the outside, an output unit that generates output related to sight, hearing, or touch, a sensor unit that senses state information, environmental information, and user information of the device or its surroundings, and a training unit that learns a model composed of an artificial neural network using training data.

[0099] The structure of the wireless device exemplified in FIG. 2 can be understood as part of a RAN node (e.g., base station, DU, RU, RR, etc.). That is, the device exemplified in FIG. 2 may be a RAN node. In this case, the device may further include a wired transceiver for front haul and / or back haul communication. However, if the front haul and / or back haul communication is based on wireless communication, at least one transceiver (206) exemplified in FIG. 2 is used for front haul and / or back haul communication, and the wired transceiver may not be included.

[0100]

[0101] FIG. 3 illustrates a method for processing a transmission signal applicable to the present disclosure. For example, the transmission signal may be processed by a signal processing circuit. In this case, the signal processing circuit (300) may include a scrambler (310), a modulator (320), a layer mapper (330), a precoder (340), a resource mapper (350), and a signal generator (360). In this case, for example, the operation / function of FIG. 3 may be performed in the processor (202) and / or transceiver (206) of FIG. 2. Also, for example, the hardware elements of FIG. 3 may be implemented in the processor (202) and / or transceiver (206) of FIG. 2. For example, blocks 310 to 360 may be implemented in the processor (202) of FIG. 2. Additionally, blocks 310 to 350 may be implemented in the processor (202) of FIG. 2, and block 360 may be implemented in the transceiver (206) of FIG. 2, and are not limited to the embodiments described above.

[0102] The codeword can be converted into a wireless signal through the signal processing circuit (300) of FIG. 3. Here, the codeword is an encoded bit sequence of an information block. The information block may include a transmission block (e.g., UL-SCH transmission block, DL-SCH transmission block). Here, the information block may include data related to AI (e.g., training data, AI model data, input data, output data, etc.), and the codeword may be an encoded bit sequence corresponding to the data related to AI. The wireless signal may be transmitted through various physical channels (e.g., PUSCH, PDSCH). Specifically, the codeword can be converted into a scrambled bit sequence by a scrambler (310). The scrambled sequence used for scrambling is generated based on an initialization value, which may include ID information of the wireless device, etc. The scrambled bit sequence can be modulated into a modulation symbol sequence by a modulator (320). Modulation methods may include pi / 2-BPSK (pi / 2-binary phase shift keying), m-PSK (m-phase shift keying), m-QAM (m-quadrature amplitude modulation), etc.

[0103] A complex modulation symbol sequence can be mapped to at least one transmission layer by a layer mapper (330). Here, a transmission layer is a logical resource unit for mapping signals or data transmitted through spatial resources to antenna ports, and one transmission layer can correspond to one stream or one antenna port. Each complex modulation symbol included in the complex modulation symbol sequence is mapped to at least one transmission layer, thereby determining which antenna port it will be transmitted through. The modulation symbols of each transmission layer can be mapped to the corresponding antenna port(s) by a precoder (340). The output z of the precoder (340) can be obtained by multiplying the output y of the layer mapper (330) by an N-XM precoding matrix W, where N is the number of antenna ports and M is the number of transmission layers. Here, the precoder (340) can perform precoding after performing transform precoding (e.g., a discrete Fourier transform (DFT)) on the complex modulation symbols. Additionally, the precoder (340) can perform precoding without performing transform precoding.

[0104] A resource mapper (350) can map the modulation symbols of each antenna port to a time-frequency resource. The time-frequency resource may include multiple symbols (e.g., CP-OFDMA symbols, DFT-s-OFDMA symbols) in the time domain and multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. A signal generator (360) generates a radio signal from the mapped modulation symbols, and the generated radio signal can be transmitted to another device through each antenna. To this end, the signal generator (360) may include an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) module, a cyclic prefix (CP) inserter, a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), a frequency uplink converter, etc.

[0105] The signal processing process for a received signal in a wireless device can be configured as the inverse of the signal processing process (310 to 360) of FIG. 3. For example, a wireless device (e.g., 200 in FIG. 2) can receive a wireless signal from the outside through an antenna port / transceiver. The received wireless signal can be converted into a baseband signal through a signal restorer. To this end, the signal restorer may include a frequency downlink converter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a CP remover, and a fast Fourier transform (FFT) module. Subsequently, the baseband signal can be restored into a codeword through a resource de-mapper process, a postcoding process, a demodulation process, and a de-scrambling process. The codeword can be restored into the original information block through decoding. Accordingly, a signal processing circuit (not shown) for a received signal may include a signal restorer, a resource de-mapper, a postcoder, a demodulator, a de-scrambler, and a decoder.

[0106]

[0107] FIG. 4 illustrates a communication procedure between a terminal and a base station applicable to the present disclosure. FIG. 4 illustrates the operation of a terminal (410) and a base station (420) transmitting and / or receiving data, and the operation performed prior to this.

[0108] Referring to FIG. 4, in step 401, the terminal (410) and the base station (420) perform synchronization. For example, the terminal (410) performs an initial cell search operation. Specifically, the terminal (410) can detect at least one synchronization signal transmitted from the base station (420) according to a predefined rule. Here, the synchronization signal may include a plurality of synchronization signals (e.g., primary synchronization signal, secondary synchronization signal) classified according to structure or use. Through this, the terminal (410) can identify the boundaries of the frame, subframe, slot, and / or symbol of the base station (420) and obtain information about the base station (420) (e.g., cell identifier).

[0109] In step 403, the terminal (410) obtains system information transmitted from the base station (420). The system information is information related to the attributes, characteristics, and / or capabilities of the base station (420) required to connect to the base station (420) and use the service, and can be classified according to content (e.g., whether it is essential for connection), transmission structure (e.g., channel used, whether it is provided on-demand), etc., and can be classified, for example, into a master information block (MIB) and a system information block (SIB). If necessary, the terminal (410) may transmit a signal requesting the system information prior to receiving the system information. The system information may include information related to AI functions. For example, the system information is information required for operations performed based on AI, and may include at least one of information related to an AI model, information related to training, and information related to inference / prediction. However, the request and provision of the system information may be performed after the random access procedure described later.

[0110] In step 405, the terminal (410) and the base station (420) perform a random access procedure. The terminal (410) may transmit and / or receive at least one message for the random access procedure (e.g., random access preamble, RAR (random access response) message, etc.) based on information related to the random access channel of the base station (420) obtained through system information (e.g., channel location, channel structure, structure of supported preamble, etc.). For example, the terminal (410) may transmit a preamble (e.g., MSG1) through the random access channel, receive a RAR message (e.g., MSG2), transmit a message (e.g., MSG3) containing information related to the terminal (410) (e.g., identification information) to the base station (420) using scheduling information included in the RAR message, and receive a message (e.g., MSG4) for contention resolution and / or connection establishment. As another example, MSG1 and MSG3 can be transmitted and received as a single message, or MSG2 and MSG4 can be transmitted and received as a single message.

[0111] In step 407, the terminal (410) and the base station (420) perform signaling of control information. Here, the control information may be defined in various layers, such as a layer that controls the connection (e.g., a radio resource control (RRC) layer), a layer that handles mapping between logical channels and transmission channels (e.g., a media access control (MAC) layer), and a layer that handles physical channels (e.g., a physical (PHY) layer). For example, the terminal (410) and the base station (420) may perform at least one of signaling to establish a connection, signaling to determine settings related to communication, and signaling to indicate allocated resources. Additionally, the signaling of control information may be performed to convey information related to AI functions. For example, information related to AI functions is information necessary for operations performed based on AI, and may include at least one of information related to an AI model, information related to training, and information related to inference / prediction. More specifically, the information related to the AI ​​function signaled in step 407 can be combined and / or combined with the information related to the AI ​​function signaled in step 403, and both can be defined as having a hierarchical, mutually complementary, or substitute structure.

[0112] In step 409, the terminal (410) and the base station (420) transmit and / or receive data. That is, the terminal (410) and the base station (420) can process, transmit and / or receive data based on the signaling of control information. For example, when transmitting data, the terminal (410) or the base station (420) may perform at least one of channel encoding, rate matching, scrambling, constellation mapping, layer mapping, waveform modulation, antenna mapping, and resource mapping on the information bits. Conversely, when receiving data, the terminal (410) or the base station (420) may perform at least one of signal extraction from resources, antenna-specific waveform demodulation, signal placement considering layer mapping, constellation demapping, descrambling, and channel decoding. Here, the transmitted data is AI-related data, and may include, for example, data for AI-based operations or data generated by AI-based operations.

[0113] Steps 401 through 409 described with reference to FIG. 4 must not necessarily be performed in the order exemplified in FIG. 4, and the order of at least some of the steps may vary. Additionally, at least some of steps 401 through 409 may be combined into a single step or omitted. That is, the steps exemplified in FIG. 4 may be performed in various modified forms.

[0114]

[0115] 6G communication systems and core implementation technologies of 6G systems

[0116] 5G systems define various operating bands within FR1 (frequency range 1), which includes 410 MHz to 7125 MHz, and FR2 (frequency range 2), which includes 24,250 MHz to 71,000 MHz. Various frequencies are being discussed as operating bands for subsequent 6G systems, and the use of frequencies higher than those of 5G systems is also being considered for wider bandwidth and higher transmission speeds. As one example, the use of the THz (Terahertz) frequency band, which includes approximately 100 GHz to 10 THz, is being discussed. The THz frequency band is a band that possesses both the penetrability of radio waves and the directivity of optical waves, and communication using the THz frequency band is expected to play a transitional role from existing radio-based communication to optical-based communication.

[0117] As such, 6G systems utilizing the THz frequency band aim for i) very high data rates per device, ii) a very large number of connected devices, iii) global connectivity, iv) very low latency, v) reduced energy consumption of battery-free IoT devices, vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision of 6G systems can be four aspects such as "intelligent connectivity," "deep connectivity," "holographic connectivity," and "ubiquitous connectivity," and 6G systems can be designed to satisfy requirements such as those shown in [Table 1] below.

[0118] Per device peak data rate1 TbpsE2E latency1 msMaximum spectral efficiency100 bps / HzMobility supportup to 1000 km / hrSatellite integrationFullyAIFullyAutonomous vehicleFullyXRFullyHaptic CommunicationFully

[0119] At this time, the 6G system may have key factors such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLC), massive machine type communications (mMTC), AI integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security. FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a communication structure that can be provided by a 6G system applicable to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 5, the 6G system is expected to have simultaneous wireless communication connectivity 50 times higher than that of a 5G wireless communication system. URLLC, a key feature of 5G, is expected to become an even more dominant technology in 6G communication by providing end-to-end latency of less than 1ms. In this case, 6G systems will have significantly superior volumetric spectral efficiency, unlike the frequently used area-spectral efficiency. Since 6G systems can provide very long battery life and advanced battery technology for energy harvesting, mobile devices in 6G systems may not need to be charged separately. New network characteristics in 6G may be as follows.

[0120] - Satellite Integrated Network: 6G is expected to be integrated with satellites to provide a global mobile population. Integrating terrestrial, satellite, and airborne networks into a single wireless communication system is crucial for 6G.

[0121] - Connected Intelligence: Unlike previous generations of wireless communication systems, 6G is innovative and will update wireless evolution from "connected things" to "connected intelligence." AI can be applied at each stage of the communication process (or at each step of the signal processing described below).

[0122] - Seamless integration of wireless information and energy transfer: 6G wireless networks will transfer power to charge the batteries of devices such as smartphones and sensors. Therefore, wireless information and energy transfer (WIET) will be integrated.

[0123] - Ubiquitous Super 3D Connectivity: Connectivity to the network and core network functions of drones and very low Earth orbit satellites will create Super 3D connectivity in 6G ubiquitous.

[0124] Some general requirements regarding the new network characteristics of 6G mentioned above may be as follows.

[0125] - Small cell networks: The idea of ​​small cell networks was introduced to improve the quality of received signals in cellular systems as a result of increased throughput, energy efficiency, and spectrum efficiency. Consequently, small cell networks are an essential feature of communication systems for 5G and beyond 5G (5GB). Therefore, 6G communication systems also adopt the characteristics of small cell networks.

[0126] - Ultra-dense heterogeneous network: Ultra-dense heterogeneous networks will be another important characteristic of 6G communication systems. Multi-tier networks composed of heterogeneous networks improve overall QoS and reduce costs.

[0127] - High-capacity backhaul: Backhaul connections are characterized as high-capacity backhaul networks to support high-volume traffic. High-speed fiber optics and free-space optics (FSO) systems can be possible solutions to this problem.

[0128] - Radar technology integrated with mobile technology: High-precision localization (or location-based services) through communication is one of the functions of 6G wireless communication systems. Therefore, radar systems will be integrated with 6G networks.

[0129] - Softwarization and virtualization: Softwarization and virtualization are two important features that form the basis of the design process in 5GB networks to ensure flexibility, reconfigurability, and programmability. Additionally, billions of devices can be shared across a shared physical infrastructure.

[0130] To satisfy the aforementioned characteristics, technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), THz (Terahertz) communication, optical wireless technology, FSO backhaul network, massive MIMO technology, blockchain, 3D networking, quantum communication, unmanned aerial vehicles, cell-free communication, wireless information and energy transfer (WIET), integration of sensing and communication, integration of access backhaul networks, holographic beamforming, big data analysis, and large intelligent surface (LIS) may be adopted as core implementation technologies of the 6G system.

[0131] For example, THz communication can be utilized in 6G systems. THz communication is a communication that uses a spectrum in the frequency band between 0.3 THz and 3 THz with a corresponding wavelength in the range of 0.1 mm to 1 mm as shown in Fig. 6. Referring to Fig. 6, the frequency band of the THz wave is located in the intermediate region between the infrared band and the millimeter wave band; accordingly, the THz wave can be understood as a radio wave with the shortest wavelength and, at the same time, a light wave with the longest wavelength. As a result, the THz wave shares some characteristics of infrared and microwave waves, and specifically, can simultaneously possess the penetrability of electromagnetic waves and the directivity of light waves.

[0132]

[0133] FIG. 7 illustrates a THz communication method applicable to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 7, THz wireless communication utilizes THz waves having a frequency of approximately 0.1 to 10 THz (1 THz = 10¹² Hz) for wireless communication, and may refer to terahertz (THz) band wireless communication using a very high carrier frequency of 100 GHz or higher. THz waves are located between the RF (Radio Frequency) / millimeter (mm) and infrared bands, and (i) they penetrate non-metallic / non-polar materials well compared to visible light / infrared, and have high directivity and beam focusing capabilities due to their shorter wavelength compared to RF / millimeter waves.

[0134] In addition, since the photon energy of THz waves is only a few meV, they have the characteristic of being harmless to the human body. The frequency bands expected to be used for THz wireless communication may be the D-band (110 GHz–170 GHz) or H-band (220 GHz–325 GHz) bands, where radio wave loss due to absorption by molecules in the air is small. Standardization discussions regarding THz wireless communication are being conducted primarily by the IEEE 802.15 THz WG (working group) in addition to 3GPP, and standard documents published by IEEE 802.15 TG (task group) (e.g., TG3d, TG3e) may elaborate on or supplement the contents described in this specification. THz wireless communication can be applied to wireless cognition, sensing, imaging, wireless communication, THz navigation, etc.

[0135] Specifically, referring to Fig. 7, THz wireless communication scenarios can be classified into macro networks, micro networks, and nanoscale networks. In macro networks, THz wireless communication can be applied to vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) connections and backhaul / fronthaul connections. In micro networks, THz wireless communication can be applied to fixed point-to-point or multi-point connections, such as indoor small cells and wireless connections in data centers, as well as near-field communication, such as kiosk downloading. Table 2 below shows an example of a technology that can be utilized in the THz band.

[0136] Transceivers DeviceAvailable immature: UTC-PD, RTD and SBDModulation and codingLow order modulation techniques (OOK, QPSK), LDPC, Reed Soloman, Hamming, Polar, TurboAntennaOmni and Directional, phased array with low number of antenna elementsBandwidth69 GHz (or 23 GHz) at 300 GHzChannel modelsPartiallyData rate100 GbpsOutdoor deploymentNoFee space lossHighCoverageLowRadio Measurements300 GHz inddorDevice sizeFew micrometers

[0137] FIG. 8 illustrates a method for generating a THz signal applicable to the present disclosure. FIG. 9 also illustrates a wireless communication transceiver applicable to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 8 and FIG. 9, optical device-based THz wireless communication technology refers to a method of generating and modulating a THz signal using an optical device. Optical device-based THz signal generation technology is a technology that generates an ultra-high-speed optical signal using a laser and an optical modulator, and converts it into a THz signal using an ultra-high-speed photodetector. Compared to technology using only electronic devices, this technology makes it easier to increase the frequency, enables the generation of high-power signals, and allows for flat response characteristics over a wide frequency band. For optical device-based THz signal generation, a laser diode, a broadband optical modulator, and an ultra-high-speed photodetector are required, as illustrated in FIG. 8. In the case of FIG. 8, light signals from two lasers with different wavelengths are combined to generate a THz signal corresponding to the wavelength difference between the lasers. In FIG. 8, an optical coupler refers to a semiconductor device that uses light waves to transmit electrical signals in order to provide coupling with electrical isolation between circuits or systems, and a UTC-PD (uni-travelling carrier photo-detector) is a type of photodetector that uses electrons as active carriers and reduces the electron travel time through bandgap grading. The UTC-PD is capable of photodetect at 150 GHz or higher.In FIG. 9, EDFA (erbium-doped fiber amplifier) ​​represents an erbium-doped fiber amplifier, PD (photo detector) represents a semiconductor device capable of converting an optical signal into an electrical signal, OSA represents an optical sub-assembly that modularizes various optical communication functions (e.g., photoelectric conversion, electro-optical conversion, etc.) into a single component, and DSO represents a digital storage oscilloscope.

[0138] FIG. 10 illustrates a transmitter structure applicable to the present disclosure.

[0139] Referring to Fig. 10, in order to modulate data onto an optical signal, the optical source of a laser can be passed through an optical wave guide to change the phase of the signal. At this time, data is loaded by changing electrical characteristics through a microwave contact, etc. Therefore, the optical modulator output is formed as a modulated waveform.

[0140] Data may be provided by a data signal generator. Here, the data may include various user data, configuration information, control information, etc. transmitted through a channel. Furthermore, the data may include data related to AI-based operations, for example, information for configuring an AI model, input / output data for tasks of an AI model, etc. To this end, components related to AI functions (e.g., an AI processing unit) may be included in the data signal generator or may interact with the data signal generator.

[0141] An O / E converter can generate THz pulses based on optical rectification by a nonlinear crystal, O / E conversion by a photoconductive antenna, emission from a bundle of relativistic electrons, etc. THz pulses generated in such a manner can have a length ranging from femtoseconds to picoseconds. The O / E converter performs down-conversion by utilizing the non-linearity of the device.

[0142] When considering the usage of the THz spectrum, it is highly likely that multiple contiguous GHz bands will be used for fixed or mobile service applications for THz systems. According to outdoor scenario criteria, available bandwidth can be classified based on an oxygen attenuation of 10^2 dB / km in the spectrum up to 1 THz. Accordingly, a framework in which the available bandwidth is composed of multiple band chunks can be considered. As an example of the above framework, if the length of the THz pulse for a single carrier is set to 50 ps, ​​the bandwidth (BW) becomes approximately 20 GHz.

[0143] Effective down-conversion from the infrared band to the THz band depends on how the nonlinearity of the photoelectric converter (O / E converter) is utilized. In other words, to achieve down-conversion to the desired THz band, it is required to design an O / E converter with the most ideal nonlinearity for transferring to that specific band. If an O / E converter that does not match the target frequency band is used, there is a high probability of errors occurring regarding the amplitude and phase of the corresponding pulse.

[0144] In a single-carrier system, a THz transceiver system can be implemented using a single photoelectric converter. Depending on the channel environment, in a multi-carrier system, as many photoelectric converters as there are carriers may be required. This phenomenon will be particularly pronounced in multi-carrier systems utilizing multiple broadbands according to the plans related to the aforementioned spectrum applications. In this regard, a frame structure for the multi-carrier system may be considered. A signal down-frequency converted based on a photoelectric converter can be transmitted in a specific resource region (e.g., a specific frame). The frequency domain of the specific resource region may include multiple chunks. Each chunk may consist of at least one component carrier (CC).

[0145] Transmitting system information (e.g., MIB) in the THz frequency band can be inefficient because, in the case of high frequency bands, beam sweeping must be performed more frequently to cover the entire area of ​​the cell as the beam width becomes narrow. In particular, transmitting system information in this manner is even more inefficient when there are not many users in the cell. Accordingly, a system information transmission procedure as shown in FIG. 11 below may be used.

[0146] FIG. 11 illustrates a system information transmission procedure applicable to the present disclosure. FIG. 11 illustrates an example of a procedure for transmitting system information for THz communication. The procedure illustrated in FIG. 11 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure described below. For example, embodiments described below may be performed based on system information obtained by the procedure illustrated in FIG. 11. As another example, information and / or data transmitted in the procedure illustrated in FIG. 11 may be generated and / or processed according to embodiments described below.

[0147] Referring to FIG. 11, in step 1101, the base station (1120) transmits system information of cell #1 through cell #2. That is, the base station (1120) provides at least two cells, cell #1 uses a THz frequency band, and cell #2 uses a frequency band other than the THz frequency band. Here, the system information may include at least one of SFN, PDCCH configuration for SIB1, cell barring, cell re-selection, and subcarrier spacing generated at the higher layer, and may include at least one of SFN, half frame indicator, and SSB index generated at the physical layer. To this end, as an example, cell #1 and cell #2 may have a relationship as a secondary cell and a primary cell.

[0148] In step 1103, the UE (1110) obtains synchronization for cell #1. Synchronization can be obtained by detecting a synchronization signal. Generally, synchronization is obtained prior to receiving system information, but since the system information for cell #1 is received from cell #2, synchronization for cell #1 can be obtained after receiving system information. For example, the UE (1110) can obtain synchronization based on system information. However, unlike FIG. 11, synchronization may be obtained before step 1101 according to other examples.

[0149] In step 1105, the UE (1110) transmits a signal to connect to cell #1. For example, the signal may include a random access preamble. The structure of the signal and the resource (e.g., channel) for transmitting the signal can be identified through system information. Subsequently, in step 1107, the UE (1110) and the base station (1120) perform a connection procedure to cell #1 and perform communication. In this step, operations according to various embodiments described below may be performed.

[0150] The procedure described with reference to FIG. 11 may be performed when the UE (1101) first connects to cell #1 of the base station (1120). Alternatively, a similar procedure may be performed when the UE (1101) handovers to cell #1 of the base station (1120). However, in the case of a handover, the system information of cell #1 may be received from a cell of a different base station other than cell #2 of the base station (1120).

[0151]

[0152] Communication in the THz band is expected to experience severe path loss, and to overcome this, terminals and base stations must use very sharp beams. The use of sharp beams means that terminals and base stations must perform beam control along with beamforming, and the number of beams used becomes very large. Therefore, it takes a very long time to align the transmit and receive beams between the base station and the terminal. In addition, if the beam alignment between the base station and the terminal is misaligned due to the movement of the terminal, time is frequently required to realign the beams, which may result in an unstable link. Accordingly, a beam management procedure as shown in Fig. 12 below may be used.

[0153] FIG. 12 illustrates a beam management procedure applicable to the present disclosure. FIG. 12 illustrates an example of a procedure for searching and / or selecting beams for THz communication. The procedure illustrated in FIG. 12 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure described below. For example, the embodiments described below may be performed using at least one beam obtained by the procedure illustrated in FIG. 11. As another example, information and / or data transmitted in the procedure illustrated in FIG. 12 may be generated and / or processed according to the embodiments described below. Here, a beam may be referred to as a 'spatial domain filter', a 'spatial domain transmit filter', a 'spatial domain receive filter', and other terms having an equivalent technical meaning.

[0154] Referring to FIG. 12, in step 1201, the base station (1220) configures resources for beam management. Here, the resources may include at least one of time-frequency resources, channels, and spatial resources (e.g., antenna ports). For example, the base station (1220) may utilize a beam search signal (BSS) that is transmitted spatially separated from the existing downlink signal / channel for beam search. Here, the BSS may be transmitted based on a dedicated port for beam search. The dedicated port may be a port different from the port for transmitting the existing downlink signal / channel (e.g., SSB, PDSCH, etc.). BSS is a term defined for convenience of explanation, and the technical concept according to the present embodiment is not limited to the term BSS itself. That is, a signal transmitted based on a dedicated port defined / configured for beam search may be included in the technical concept according to the present embodiment.

[0155] In step 1203, the base station (1201) transmits measurement signals using multiple transmission beams. For example, the measurement signals may include at least one of a reference signal and a synchronization signal. At this time, the measurement signals may be transmitted as many times as the number of beams requiring measurement, and may be transmitted using a multi-beam transmission method that forms multiple beams simultaneously to reduce sweeping time. Here, multi-beam transmission may be performed based on at least one of a multi-panel, a sub-array, and a true time delay (TTD).

[0156] In step 1205, the UE (1210) transmits a feedback signal to the base station (1220). The feedback signal indicates at least one beam selected by the UE (1210). The UE (1210) may select at least one preferred beam based on the measurement signals received in step 1203. In step 1207, the UE (1210) and the base station (1220) perform communication. At this time, the UE (1210) and the base station (1220) may perform communication using the beam selected in step 1205. If channel reciprocity is established, the transmission beam of the UE (1210) can also be determined through steps 1203 and 1205, so the transmission operation of the UE (1210) can also be performed using the beam selected in step 1205. If channel mutuality is not established, a procedure including the transmission of measurement signals of the UE (1210) and the transmission of feedback signals of the base station (1220) may be performed first to determine the transmission beam of the UE (1210). In step 1207, operations according to various embodiments described below may be performed.

[0157]

[0158] Specific embodiments of the present disclosure

[0159] The present disclosure describes an example of a procedure in which a base station switches beams when a terminal recognizes and reports a blockage in joint transmission. In the present disclosure, joint transmission refers to a method of transmitting a signal using at least two beams. Joint transmission may be performed by a reflector, or alternatively, by a base station transmitting a signal using multiple beams without using a reflector. In joint transmission, if at least one beam is blocked by an obstacle, the terminal or the base station must quickly recognize this and switch the beam. The present disclosure is intended for the base station to recognize the blocked beam and switch the beam when the terminal recognizes and reports the blockage.

[0160] In the present disclosure, a reflector is a device for assisting in the transmission of signals between a base station and a terminal, and is a device for controlling an effective channel by reflecting a signal transmitted from a base station or a terminal. For example, the reflector may include devices such as a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) or a network controlled repeater (NCR), and may be referred to as an assistance node, an intermediate node, etc.

[0161]

[0162] Radio waves experience path loss as they travel through a radio channel. Path loss can be expressed as Pathloss = FreeSpacePathLoss + 10log(d) + AT[dB] + shadow fading. Here, FreeSpacePathLoss increases as the center frequency—that is, the frequency used—increases, and can also increase with distance. It is widely known that THz communication is more susceptible to path loss than mmWave or LTE. In wireless communication environments with severe propagation path loss, configuring the transmitter and / or receiver with a very large number of antenna elements to maximize beam gain is being considered as a solution to overcome path loss. While highly integrated antenna elements on a single antenna panel provide the effect of maximizing beam gain, they also result in a narrow beam width. Beam width is generally determined based on the half-power beam width (HPBW). HPBW is defined as shown in Fig. 13. FIG. 13 illustrates an example of a beam width based on HPBW applicable to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 13, the angle formed by two lines (1302, 1304) determined based on a power 3 dB lower than the peak gain can be determined as the beam width. HPBW can be determined as shown in [Equation 1] below.

[0163]

[0164] In [Mathematical Formula 1], is the frequency number, The number of antennas, is the antenna spacing, represents the beam's direction angle.

[0165] It is evident that as the beam width narrows, the likelihood of beam blockage by objects in the path increases. Here, blockage refers to a situation where the beam is obstructed by an object in the path and fails to be delivered to the intended device.

[0166] To address the blocking problem, conventional wireless communication systems rely on joint transmission using multiple Transmission Reception Points (TRPs) to receive data from other TRPs even if the signal from some TRPs is blocked. To this end, base stations and terminals perform measurement and feedback as preliminary operations to execute joint transmission via periodic or non-periodic DL-RS. Here, since the physical delay times between beam pairs differ, interference may occur due to phase differences. Therefore, base stations and terminals are designed to select the optimal beam pair that is judged to have minimal interference effects by additionally performing interference measures in addition to channel quality measures.

[0167] Rel. 19 proposes a method in which the base station transmits a jointly transmitted signal among multiple TRPs to the terminal as a single signal by additionally feeding back time, frequency, and phase differences to optimize non-ideal synchronization caused by path differences. This is possible only when the signal is coherent. Unlike the ComP method, this approach is possible because each TRP within a TRP group can transmit a signal without cooperation between TRPs.

[0168] A scenario is assumed in which a blocking issue occurs due to external factors while transmitting DL data in the RRC connected state, and the terminal fails to receive signals from some TRPs. Since the terminal is performing transparent operations, it does not know which TRPs it received data from. Therefore, the terminal does not know whether a block has occurred and can only determine whether an ACK / NACK is received based on data demodulation. Additionally, since the ACK / NACK is transmitted using the uplink beam aligned with the serving beam when the terminal provides feedback, the base station only receives the ACK / NACK and cannot determine whether a block has occurred.

[0169] Combined transmission is a method proposed to overcome the low channel quality of terminals located at the periphery of coverage through combining gain. If some beams are interrupted due to blocking, there is a high probability that the terminal will not be able to receive data normally. To overcome this, the interrupted beams must be rapidly restored through beam switching.

[0170] A common method for recovering from this is to detect the block via DL-RS. The terminal can detect the block when CSI-RS is measured, and the base station can also detect the block through periodic feedback. However, the aforementioned method has the disadvantage of long delays caused by the measurement of adjacent beams to detect the beam disconnection and find an alternative beam. Additionally, the more joint beams there are, the higher the probability of a block occurring. Each beam has an independent block probability. However, assuming that the block probabilities of each beam are similar enough to be negligible in a limited space such as an indoor environment, the probability of a block occurring increases with the number of beams.

[0171] If the blocking probability of a single beam is 0.5 and there are two beams, the probability of a block occurring is 1-(0.5^2) = 0.75. If there are three beams, the probability of a block occurring is 1-(0.5^3) = 0.875. Therefore, beam switching can occur frequently due to blocking.

[0172]

[0173] FIG. 14 illustrates an example of a beam switching procedure of a wireless communication system according to the present disclosure. FIG. 14 illustrates a signal exchange between a base station (1420), a reflector (1430), and a terminal (1410).

[0174] Referring to FIG. 14, a base station (1420) transmits data to a terminal (1410) via a direct path and a path through a reflector (1430). To this end, the reflector (1430) transmits the signal transmitted from the base station (1420) to the terminal (1410) by reflecting it. For example, the reflector (1430) can transmit the signal to the terminal (1410) by reflecting the signal transmitted from the base station (1420). The terminal (1410) combines the signals received via a beam from the base station (1420) or the reflector (1430). Then, the terminal (1410) transmits an ACK / NACK to the base station (1420) as a response to the received data. Furthermore, according to various embodiments of the present disclosure, in addition to the ACK / NACK feedback, a blockage indication may be transmitted. For example, the terminal (1410) can mux a blocking instruction in the ACK / NACK and transmit it to the base station (1420). The base station (1420) can perform beam switching and transmit a beam change request to the reflector (1430).

[0175]

[0176] FIG. 15 conceptually illustrates a combined transmission according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0177] Referring to FIG. 15, a wireless communication system includes a base station (1420), a terminal (1410), or a reflector (1430). The base station (1420) includes a plurality of transmitting ports, and the terminal (1410) includes a plurality of receiving ports. The base station (1420) transmits a signal using a number of transmitting ports that is less than or equal to the number of receiving ports of the terminal (1410). The reflector (1430) includes at least one transmitting port. The reflector (1430) includes a number of transmitting ports that is less than or equal to the number of transmitting ports of the base station (1420). For example, if the base station (1420) has four transmitting ports and the terminal (1410) has four receiving ports, the reflector (1430) includes as many transmitting ports as the remaining ports, excluding the receiving ports corresponding to the serving beam of the terminal (1410). If there are two reflectors (1430), the reflectors (1430) share the remaining ports. For example, the terminal (1410) can receive signals simultaneously using two receiving ports as shown in FIG. 15. The reflector (1430) can perform analog precoding. For example, the reflector (1430) may include various RF units such as RIS, NCR, or TRP. Analog precoding can be performed using a phase shift or delay element capable of high quantization. The base station (1420) is connected to the reflector (1430) wirelessly or via a wire. For combined transmission, the base station (1420) must know the receiving port capability (Rx port capability) of the terminal (1410) in advance, and the receiving port capability can be known using the terminal (1410) capability (UE capability) during the initial access process. By being connected to the reflector (1430), the base station (1420) can know the capability of the reflector (1430) to control analog precoding.

[0178]

[0179] As examples of reflectors applicable to the present disclosure, the following RIS or NCR may be used.

[0180] FIG. 16a illustrates an example of the structure of an RIS according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 16a, a terminal (1610) and a base station (1620) communicate, and an RIS (1630) can assist in signal transmission between the base station (1620) and the terminal (1610).

[0181] The base station (1620) is equipped with multiple antennas and can transmit signals through multiple transmission beams having different directions. Additionally, the base station (1620) can establish a connection (e.g., RRC connection) with the RIS (1630) and control the RIS (1630) through the established connection.

[0182] The RIS (1630) may include a RIS panel (1634) having a plurality of elements and a RIS controller (1632) that controls the RIS panel (1634). The RIS (1630) may be deployed to improve communication performance between a base station (1620) and a terminal (1610). For example, since the wireless environment cannot be changed while the terminal (1610) is in a fixed state, the signal strength of the SSB from the base station (1620) to the terminal (1610) is limited by the wireless environment. At this time, by changing the reflection angle of the RIS (1630), a wireless environment suitable for the terminal (1610) can be formed, thereby overcoming the limitations caused by the aforementioned wireless environment and providing an environment optimized for wireless communication transmission.

[0183] The RIS controller (1632) can establish a connection with the base station (1620) and transmit resource information of the RIS (1630) to the base station (1620) through the established connection. The RIS controller (1632) can receive a control signal from the base station (1620) and set the reflection angle of the RIS panel (1634) based on the control signal. The control signal may include information requesting the setting and / or change of the reflection angle of the RIS. The RIS panel (1634) can reflect signals transmitted from the base station (1620). At this time, the signals may be reflected according to the reflection angle set by the RIS controller (1632).

[0184]

[0185] FIG. 16b illustrates an example of the structure of an NCR according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 16b illustrates a topology in which an NCR (1640) performs transmission and reception between a base station (1620) and a terminal (1610). The NCR (1640) of FIG. 16b is a type of wireless device and may include the structure illustrated in FIG. 2 and the functional components illustrated in FIG. 16b. Referring to FIG. 16b, the NCR (1640) may include an NCR-MT (1642) and an NCR-Fwd (1644). The NCR (1640) may be connected to the base station (1620) and the terminal (1610).

[0186] NCR-Fwd (1644) can receive a signal transmitted from a base station (1620) at the RF terminal and forward it to a terminal (1610), and can receive a signal transmitted from a terminal (1610) at the RF terminal and forward it to a base station (1620). NCR-Fwd (1644) only transmits signals between the base station (1620) and the terminal (1610), and may not have the function of generating a signal / channel itself, transmitting it to the base station (1620) / terminal (1610), or receiving and detecting a signal / channel from the base station (1620) / terminal (1610). To forward the received signal, NCR-Fwd (1644) can adjust the transmission / reception beam direction, DL / UL direction, ON / OFF status, Tx power, etc. at the RF terminal. However, the operation of this NCR-Fwd (1644) cannot be performed by the NCR (1640) itself, but can be controlled by the base station (1620).

[0187] The NCR-MT (1642) may include an RF layer and L1, L2, and / or L3. For example, the NCR-MT (1642) may consist only of an RF layer and L1 or L1 / L2, or the NCR-MT (1642) may consist of an RF layer and L1 / L2 / L3. The NCR-MT (1642) may detect / receive signals / channels transmitted from the base station (1620), and the NCR-MT (1642) may generate and transmit signals / channels transmitted to the base station (1620). Additionally, the NCR-MT (1642) may receive information (e.g., side control information) necessary to control the operation of the NCR-Fwd (1644) from the base station (1620). The NCR-MT (1642) may not perform transmission and reception with the terminal (1610). The functions of NCR-MT (1642) and NCR-Fwd (1644) are summarized as shown in [Table 3] below.

[0188] Component Description NCR-MT NCR-MT is defined as a function entity that communicates with a gNB via a control link (C-link) to enable information exchanges (e.g., side control information). The C-link is based on the NR Uu interface. Note: Side control information is at least for the control of NCR-Fwd. NCR-Fwd NCR-Fwd is defined as a function entity that performs UL / DL RF signal amplification and transmission between the gNB and the UE via backhaul links and access links. The operation of NCR-Fwd is controlled according to side control information received from the gNB. (The NCR-Fwd is defined as a function entity to perform the amplify-and-forwarding of UL / DL RF signal between gNB and UE via backhaul link and access link. The behavior of the NCR-Fwd will be controlled according to the received side control information from gNB.)

[0189] Generally, since NCR and / or RIS are fixedly positioned, both fixed beams and adaptive beams can be considered.

[0190]

[0191] FIG. 17 illustrates an example of beam switching in a coupled transmission system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 17, a base station may initially transmit a signal to a terminal using beams #4 and #5. Here, beam #4 is used to transmit a signal directly from the base station to the terminal, and beam #5 is used to transmit a signal to the terminal through a reflector. However, if a block occurs in the path associated with beam #5, the base station may detect the block and switch the beams. For example, the base station may detect the block through a report from the terminal. The base station may switch the beams using previously measured beams. In the example of FIG. 17, the base station switches beam #5 to beam #1. A detailed procedure for the base station to switch beams when a block occurs is described below.

[0192]

[0193] An operation may be performed in which the terminal infers, predicts, or measures a phase difference and reports the phase difference between each serving beam and an alternative beam. To this end, an operation and procedure for determining a beam pair or a beam set during beam switching are required. According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a beam set includes a serving beam in the direction of the terminal and an alternative beam through a reflector. Additionally, a beam set may include a beam in the direction in which the terminal is predicted to receive a signal via a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) path. The base station allocates resources for transmitting CSI-RS to the beam set for measurement. Since a phase difference can be determined by measuring multiple beams at the same time, the base station performs resource allocation based on Frequency-Division Multiplexing (FDM) to make resources orthogonal per transmitting port. The terminal may receive signals transmitted through multiple base station transmitting beams using a single previously aligned receiving beam without sweeping the receiving beam.

[0194] The terminal performs a measurement based on the received CSI-RS and transmits the measurement report to the base station. Upon receiving the measurement report, the base station determines a beam set based on the measurement report. Here, the beam set may be determined based on the priority according to the measurement report. According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, compensation for the phase difference is possible through analog precoding of a reflector such as an NCR or RIS. Thus, at least one beam in the beam set may be a beam formed by a reflector. If there is no beam through the reflector, the base station determines whether the phase difference between the beam pairs has minimal interference effect. Otherwise, the base station may perform downlink data transmission by serving a single beam.

[0195]

[0196] In the following, a method for determining beam pairs or beam sets for combined transmission is described. Beam pairs or beam sets may be determined by a base station or a terminal. The terminal and the base station may determine beam pairs or beam sets based on measurement results or measurement reports.

[0197] The terminal can define a group of beams using the measured phase difference or time difference. The terminal can report the index values ​​of the beams included in the beam group to the base station. For example, if the base station instructs the measurement of beams using 7 TCI (Transmission Configuration Indication) states, and the terminal defines beams #1, beam #2, and beam #4 among the beams as a group, the terminal can transmit 8 bits of information '11010000' to the base station.

[0198] The base station instructs the terminal to measure the phase difference between beams included in a beam pair or beam set, and can assign priorities to the beam set based on the terminal's measurement report. When the base station assigns and manages priorities for beam sets, there is an advantage in that the phase difference between transmitted beams can be compensated in the analog domain. First, the base station may assign a first priority to a beam set if the phase difference of the beams included in the beam set is smaller than a predefined first threshold. The base station may assign a second priority to a beam set if the phase difference of the beams is smaller than a predefined second threshold and is greater than or equal to the first threshold. The base station may assign a third priority to a beam set if the phase difference of the beams is greater than or equal to the second threshold. The first priority is the highest priority among the assigned beam sets. The base station may select beam sets in order of highest priority among the assigned beam sets. Furthermore, among beam sets with the same priority, the base station may select beam sets in order of highest CQI (channel quality indicator) or in order of lowest phase difference.

[0199] The smaller the phase difference of the beam sets, the less interference can occur in the PUCCH. Therefore, since the terminal cannot perform precoding, when the terminal transmits ACK / NACK, a smaller phase difference is advantageous for transmission. Accordingly, a higher priority is given to beam sets with a small phase difference.

[0200] After selecting a beam set based on priority, the base station transmits information about the selected beam set to the terminal. The beam set information can be transmitted via DCI or MAC CE. The beam set information includes the port index of each signal transmitted by the base station and the reflector, and the DMRS resource allocation per port.

[0201]

[0202] The base station may transmit DM-RS to the terminal using a selected beam set. Based on the DM-RS, the terminal may recognize whether it is blocked and report this to the base station. For example, the terminal may report this to the base station by transmitting an ACK / NCAK message containing bits indicating whether it is blocked. Below, a procedure for the terminal to recognize whether it is blocked is described.

[0203]

[0204] FIG. 18 illustrates an example of a wireless communication system for combined transmission according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 18, a terminal (1810) includes two receiving ports. A base station (1820) includes a plurality of transmitting ports. A reflector (1830) includes one transmitting port. When the base station (1820) uses one reflector (1830), the base station (1820) and the reflector (1830) are each configured to use one transmitting port. To distinguish each transmitting port, the base station (1820) and the reflector (1830) may multiply a precoding matrix by a signal transmitted through each transmitting port and transmit it to the terminal (1810). The terminal (1810) may distinguish the signal transmitted from each port based on the precoding matrix. The base station (1820) may determine a precoding matrix for each of the receiving ports and transmit it to the terminal (1810). The base station (1820) can determine a precoding function for the receiving ports of the reflector (1830) and transmit it to the terminal (1810). For example, the base station (1820) can transmit the precoding function to the terminal (1810) via DCI or MAC CE. As another example, the base station (1820) can transmit the precoding function for selected beams by including it in the TCI. The terminal (1810) can recognize that it can receive signals through individual ports using the receiving ports. The terminal (1810) can distinguish the received signals based on the TCI information. The base station (1820) generates a DM-RS for each port and transmits it to the terminal (1810), and the terminal (1810) can determine whether to block based on the DM-RS.

[0205] FIG. 19 illustrates an example of DM-RS resource allocation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 19, a base station may allocate resources such that DM-RS is orthogonal to each transmitting port and transmit. The base station may inform the terminal of the resource allocation via DCI. A single DM-RS may be mapped to resources orthogonally. Alternatively, when using Code Division Multiplexing (CDM), a single DM-RS may be mapped to resources of consecutive resource elements (REs) or symbols. When resources for a single DM-RS are consecutive, the rank must be fixed and must be a single layer. By receiving the DM-RS, the terminal can determine the channels of the transmitting ports and receiving ports, respectively. The terminal cannot determine whether each channel is the channel of the signal received from the base station or the channel of the signal received from the reflector. However, the terminal can determine whether a block has occurred by receiving the DM-RS.

[0206] The terminal can measure RSRP (Reference Signal Received Power) or RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) for each port. The terminal can measure RSRP or RSSI using DM-RS. RSRP or RSSI is measured as shown in Equation 2.

[0207]

[0208] is the precoding value of the signal transmitted from the base station, represents the precoding value of the signal transmitted from the reflector. The signal transmitted through the first transmitting port and received through the first receiving port, means a signal transmitted through the second transmitting port and received through the second receiving port.

[0209] If blocking occurs, the signal in that path is not received, so the channel gain value may become 0. The channel gain value is given by Equation 3.

[0210]

[0211] In [Mathematical Formula 3], is the precoding value of the signal transmitted from the base station, represents the precoding value of the signal transmitted from the reflector. The signal transmitted through the first transmitting port and received through the first receiving port, [This refers to] a signal transmitted through the second transmitting port and received through the second receiving port. If a block occurs, a low channel gain value close to zero may be obtained via multipath. If the channel gain value is lower than a predefined threshold or is zero, the terminal can detect that a block has occurred. The terminal recognizes whether a block has occurred and can report it to the base station. Whether a block has occurred can be reported using bits equal to the number of ports. The terminal can transmit information indicating whether a block has occurred and ACK / NACK messages to the base station. For example, information indicating whether a block has occurred can be transmitted using bits equal to the number of receiving ports. Each bit indicates whether a block has occurred at each receiving port. For example, if the value of a bit is 1, it means that a block has occurred, and if the value is 0, it means that a block has not occurred.

[0212] The base station can detect a blocked beam in a combined transmission based on a terminal's report of a block. For example, the base station can detect that a block has occurred in a beam transmitted to ports with a bit value of 1, based on information transmitted by the terminal indicating whether a block has occurred. If a block occurs, the base station performs beam switching. Beam switching may be an operation that changes the beam used for transmission to one of the priority beam sets. The base station may perform beam switching by selecting the beam with the highest CQI or the smallest phase difference among the high-priority beam sets. The base station may perform beam switching immediately upon detecting a block without performing additional measurements for beam switching. The base station may transmit data using the changed beam. If the base station performs measurements for beam switching, the base station transmits the TCI of the selected beam to the terminal. Based on the received TCI, the terminal determines the codebook value to be compensated in the combiner. For example, the terminal can determine the codebook value in the combining step after beam switching using the codebook value corresponding to the switched beam.

[0213]

[0214] FIG. 20 illustrates an example of a procedure for combined transmission according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 20 illustrates a method performed by a terminal.

[0215] Referring to FIG. 20, in step S2001, the terminal receives a first reference signal. For example, the first reference signal may include CSI-RS. The first reference signal may be a signal transmitted using a single beam. Alternatively, the first reference signal may be a signal transmitted using multiple beams. The multiple beams may be beams transmitted from a base station and a reflector. The multiple beams may be beams included in a single beam set. A set of at least one beam carrying the first reference signal may be referred to as the first beam set.

[0216] In step S2003, the terminal transmits a measurement report based on the first reference signal. The terminal measures the received first reference signal and transmits the measurement report to the base station. For example, the terminal may measure the phase difference of a beam based on the first reference signal and report it to the base station. The phase difference of the beam includes the phase difference with the serving beam among a plurality of beams. Since the resources assigned to the first reference signal are orthogonal to each other, they can be separated.

[0217] In step S2005, the terminal receives a second reference signal and data. For example, the second reference signal may include DM-RS. The terminal may receive the second reference signal and data transmitted through a plurality of transmission beams. The second reference signal may be a signal transmitted using a single beam. Alternatively, the second reference signal may be a signal transmitted using a plurality of beams. The plurality of beams may include at least one of the transmission beam(s) of a base station or the transmission beam(s) of a reflector. The plurality of transmission beams may include beams determined by the base station based on priority. A set of beams carrying the second reference signal and data may be referred to as the second beam set.

[0218] In step S2007, the terminal transmits a response to the base station. The response includes feedback on the reception of data and information regarding whether it is blocked. If the terminal has successfully decoded the data, it transmits a response containing an ACK. If the terminal has failed to decode the data, it transmits a response containing a NACK. If the terminal detects a block, it may generate information indicating whether it is blocked. Information indicating whether it is blocked may be transmitted to the base station. Information indicating whether it is blocked may include whether it is blocked according to the receiving ports.

[0219]

[0220] FIG. 21 illustrates a detailed example of a procedure for combined transmission according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 21 illustrates a method performed by a terminal.

[0221] Referring to FIG. 21, in step S2101, the terminal receives control information from the base station. For example, the control information may include DCI (downlink control information). The control information may include control information for a second reference signal. The control information for the second reference signal may include resource allocation details for the second reference signal. The resource allocation details for the second reference signal may include resource locations for the second reference signal allocated per port.

[0222] In step S2103, the terminal receives a signal including a second reference signal. The signal including the second reference signal may be received based on control information. The terminal may receive a signal including the second reference signal from a base station. The signal including the second reference signal may include data. The second reference signal may include DM-RS. The terminal may receive a signal including the second reference signal using a plurality of beams. The plurality of beams may be beams included in a beam set determined by priority at the base station.

[0223] In step S2105, the terminal recognizes whether a block has occurred based on control information and a second reference signal. Based on the control information and the second reference signal, the terminal measures RSSI, RSSP, or channel gain. The terminal may measure RSSI, RSSP, or channel gain per port. The terminal may recognize whether a block has occurred based on the values ​​of RSSI, RSSP, or channel gain per port. For example, if the value of RSSI, RSSP, or channel gain of a certain port is smaller than a predefined threshold, the terminal may recognize that a block has occurred at that port.

[0224] In step S2107, the terminal transmits a response message for the received signal. The response message may include a message indicating that the data contained in the received signal has been received successfully. Alternatively, the response message may include a message indicating that the data contained in the received signal has not been received or decoded successfully. The response message may further include information indicating whether a block has occurred. The information indicating whether a block has occurred may include information indicating whether a block has occurred for each receiving port. For example, the information indicating whether a block has occurred may be expressed using a single bit allocated to each port.

[0225]

[0226] FIG. 22 illustrates an example of a procedure for combined transmission according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 22 illustrates a method performed by a base station. A base station performing the procedure of FIG. 22 may transmit a signal to a terminal using at least one reflector.

[0227] Referring to FIG. 22, in step S2201, the base station transmits a first reference signal. The first reference signal may include CSI-RS. The base station may transmit the first reference signal using a single beam. Alternatively, the base station may transmit the first reference signal using multiple beams. When the first reference signal is transmitted using multiple beams, the base station may transmit the first reference signal to a terminal using a reflector. For example, the base station may directly transmit the first reference signal to a terminal using at least one of the transmission ports, transmit the first reference signal to a reflector using another transmission port, and control the reflector and antenna so that the first reference signal is transmitted to the terminal through the reflector.

[0228] In step S2203, the base station receives a measurement report based on a first reference signal. The measurement report based on the first reference signal may include at least one of a phase difference or a time difference between the beams used to transmit the first reference signal. Based on the measurement report, the base station may group the beams used to transmit the first reference signal into beam sets. The base station may assign a priority to each beam set. The priority may be assigned based on the phase difference. The priority may be assigned based on a predefined first threshold and a second threshold.

[0229] In step S2205, the base station transmits a second reference signal and data. The second reference signal may include DM-RS. Resources for the second reference signal may be allocated orthogonally per port. Resource allocation for the second reference signal may be transmitted to the terminal via control information. The base station may transmit the second reference signal and data using a high-priority beam set among the priority beam sets assigned in step S2203. The base station may transmit the second reference signal and data using the beam set with the highest CQI or the beam set with the smallest phase difference among the highest-priority beam sets.

[0230] In step S2207, the base station receives a response. The response may include a response to the second reference signal or a response to data. The response to the second reference signal may include information regarding whether a block has occurred. For example, the response to the second reference signal may include information regarding whether a block has occurred using bits assigned to each port. The response to data may include information regarding whether data has been successfully received. For example, the response to data may include an ACK / NACK message. Based on the received response, the base station may transmit the second reference signal and data using a beam set that was not selected in step S2205 among the priority beam sets. That is, it may switch the beams.

[0231]

[0232] FIG. 23 illustrates a detailed example of a procedure for combined transmission according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 23 illustrates a procedure performed by a base station. The base station of FIG. 23 can transmit a signal to a terminal using a reflector.

[0233] Referring to FIG. 23, in step S2301, the base station determines a plurality of beam sets and the priority of the beam sets based on the measurement report. The base station may group the beams into beam sets based on the phase difference between the beams included in the measurement report and determine the priority of the beam sets. If the phase difference between the beams included in the beam set is less than a first threshold, the base station determines the priority of the beam set as the first priority. If the phase difference between the beams included in the beam set is greater than or equal to the first threshold and less than the second threshold, the base station determines the priority of the beam set as the second priority. If the phase difference between the beams included in the beam set is greater than or equal to the second threshold, the base station determines the priority of the beam set as the third priority.

[0234] In step S2303, the base station selects a beam set based on priority. The base station may select a beam set with a higher priority. For example, a beam set with the first priority may be selected with the highest priority. Among beam sets with the same priority, the base station may select the beam set with the highest CQI or the smallest phase difference. For example, among beam sets with the first priority, the beam set with the highest CQI or the beam set with the smallest phase difference may be selected.

[0235] In step S2305, the base station transmits a signal including a reference signal and data based on a selected beam set. For example, the reference signal may be a second reference signal. The base station transmits a signal including a reference signal and data using the beams of the selected beam set. According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, at least one of the beams of the beam set may be used to transmit a signal through a reflector. One of the beams of the beam set may be used to transmit a signal directly to a terminal. One beam may correspond to one transmission port.

[0236] In step S2307, the base station receives a response message for transmission. The response message includes a response to a reference signal and a response to data. The response to the reference signal includes information indicating whether to block. The response to data includes information indicating whether the terminal has successfully received the data.

[0237] In step S2309, the base station performs beam switching based on the occurrence of a block. The base station may recognize the occurrence of a block based on a response message. The base station may recognize the occurrence of a block based on information indicating whether a block has occurred included in the response message. Based on the information indicating whether a block has occurred, the base station may recognize which beam corresponding to which port has been blocked. The base station may instruct the terminal to perform a measurement to perform beam switching. Alternatively, the base station may perform beam switching without performing a measurement. The base station may perform beam switching by selecting a beam set from among the beam sets whose priorities were determined in step S2301. Beam switching may be performed based on priority. Beam switching may be performed by selecting a beam set where no block has occurred. For example, the base station may perform beam switching by selecting a beam set where no block has occurred among the beam sets having a first priority.

[0238]

[0239] FIG. 24 illustrates an example of a procedure for assigning priorities to beam sets according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The procedure of FIG. 24 illustrates a method performed by a base station.

[0240] Referring to FIG. 24, in step S2401, the base station receives a measurement report for a beam set. The measurement report for the beam set includes the phase difference between the beams included in the beam set.

[0241] In step S2403, the base station assigns a first priority to a set of beams with a phase difference smaller than a first threshold. The first threshold is a predefined value and may represent a phase difference that does not require compensation at the reflector for combined transmission. In other words, beams with a phase difference smaller than the first threshold may be beams that allow the terminal to smoothly receive the signal without compensating for the phase difference at the reflector.

[0242] In step S2405, the base station assigns a second priority to a set of beams whose phase difference is greater than or equal to a first threshold and less than a second threshold. The second threshold is a predefined value representing a phase difference such that combined transmission can be performed by the reflector compensating for the phase difference. In other words, beams with a phase difference less than the second threshold may be beams that allow the terminal to smoothly receive the signal by compensating for the phase difference by the reflector.

[0243] In step S2407, the base station assigns a third priority to a set of beams with a phase difference greater than or equal to a second threshold. Beams with a phase difference greater than or equal to the second threshold may be beams for which combined transmission is not smooth even if the reflector compensates for the phase difference. In other words, they may be beams that are not suitable for use in combined transmission.

[0244] Even among beam sets assigned the same priority in steps S2403 to S2407, parameters may differ from one another. For example, beam sets assigned a first priority may differ in CQI or phase difference, etc. The base station selects a beam set with a higher priority to combine and transmit signals, and may transmit signals based on a beam set selected based on parameters among beam sets having the same priority.

[0245]

[0246] FIG. 25 illustrates an example of a procedure for combined transmission using a determined beam according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 25 illustrates a method performed by a base station.

[0247] Referring to FIG. 25, in step S2501, the base station determines a beam set based on priority. Here, priority may be assigned based on the phase difference between the beams included in the beam set. The base station may determine the beam set with the highest priority among the beam sets. The base station may determine one beam set among beam sets with the same priority based on parameters. For example, parameters may include CQI or phase difference.

[0248] In step S2503, the base station determines a first beam and a second beam among the determined beam sets. The first beam includes a beam that is transmitted directly toward the terminal without a reflector, i.e., a serving beam. The second beam includes beams among the beams included in the beam set, excluding the first beam.

[0249] In step S2505, the base station checks whether the second beam is a beam through a reflector. If the second beam is a beam through a reflector, the base station may generate control information for the reflector. Here, the control information for the reflector includes control information for the reflector to compensate for a phase difference. If the second beam is not a beam through a reflector, the base station determines whether to transmit a signal using multiple beams.

[0250] In step S2507, if the second beam is a beam through a reflector, the base station transmits control signals and transmission signals for the reflector. The control signal for the reflector may include control information generated in step S2505. By transmitting the control signal, the base station can control the reflector to compensate for the phase difference. The base station can transmit control signals and transmission signals using the second beam. The transmission signal includes data or control signals for transmission to a terminal.

[0251] In step S2509, if the second beam is not a beam through a reflector, the base station determines whether interference due to phase difference is lower than a predefined threshold. Here, the predefined threshold may be a value representing interference to the extent that the terminal cannot decode the signal. In other words, if the interference is higher than or equal to the threshold, the terminal may not be able to decode the received signal. Therefore, if the interference is lower than the threshold, combined transmission by the beams included in the beam set is possible. Alternatively, the threshold may be a value lower than the value at which the terminal cannot decode the signal.

[0252] In step S2511, the base station transmits transmission signals through a split beam. The base station may transmit signals based on the beam set determined in step S2501. The base station may transmit signals to a terminal using the first beam and the second beam. In step S2511, the base station transmits signals to the terminal without using a reflector.

[0253] In step S2513, the base station transmits transmission signals through a single beam. For example, the base station may transmit transmission signals using the first beam. In other words, the base station may transmit all signals using a single beam without performing combined transmission.

[0254]

[0255] Hereinafter, examples of wireless device applications to which various embodiments of the present disclosure are applied will be described.

[0256] FIG. 26 illustrates an example of a wireless device applicable to the present disclosure. The wireless device may be implemented in various forms depending on the use—example / service (see FIG. 1).

[0257] Referring to FIG. 26, the wireless device (200) corresponds to the wireless device (200) of FIG. 2 and may be composed of various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules. For example, the wireless device (200) may include a communication unit (210), a control unit (220), a memory unit (230), and additional elements (240). The communication unit may include a communication circuit (212) and transceiver(s) (214). For example, the communication circuit (212) may include one or more processors (202) and / or one or more memories (204) of FIG. 2. For example, the transceiver(s) (214) may include one or more transceivers (206) and / or one or more antennas (208) of FIG. 2. The control unit (220) is electrically connected to the communication unit (210), the memory unit (230), and additional elements (240) and controls the overall operation of the wireless device. For example, the control unit (220) can control the electrical / mechanical operation of the wireless device based on a program / code / command / information stored in the memory unit (230). Additionally, the control unit (220) can transmit information stored in the memory unit (230) to an external entity (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit (210), or store information received from an external entity (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit (210) in the memory unit (230).

[0258] The additional element (240) may be configured in various ways depending on the type of wireless device. For example, the additional element (240) may include at least one of a power unit / battery, an input / output unit (I / O unit), a driving unit, and a computing unit. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may be implemented in the form of a robot (Fig. 1, 100a), a vehicle (Fig. 1, 100b-1, 100b-2), an XR device (Fig. 1, 100c), a portable device (Fig. 1, 100d), a home appliance (Fig. 1, 100e), an IoT device (Fig. 1, 100f), a digital broadcasting terminal, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medical device, a fintech device (or financial device), a security device, a climate / environment device, an AI server / device (Fig. 1, 400), a base station (Fig. 1, 200), a network node, etc. Depending on the use—e.g., service—the wireless device may be movable or used in a fixed location.

[0259] In FIG. 26, various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules within the wireless device (200) may be entirely interconnected via a wired interface, or at least partially connected via a communication unit (210). For example, within the wireless device (200), the control unit (220) and the communication unit (210) may be connected via a wire, and the control unit (220) and the first unit (e.g., 230, 240) may be connected wirelessly via the communication unit (210). Additionally, each element, component, unit / part, and / or module within the wireless device (200) may include one or more additional elements. For example, the control unit (220) may be composed of one or more sets of processors. For example, the control unit (220) may be composed of a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an Electronic Control Unit (ECU), a graphics processing processor, a memory control processor, etc. As another example, the memory unit (130) may be composed of RAM (Random Access Memory), DRAM (Dynamic RAM), ROM (Read Only Memory), flash memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory and / or a combination thereof.

[0260] Hereinafter, an implementation example of FIG. 26 will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings.

[0261] FIG. 27 illustrates an example of a portable device applicable to the present disclosure. The portable device may include a smartphone, a smartpad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, smart glasses), or a portable computer (e.g., a laptop). The portable device may be referred to as a Mobile Station (MS), a User Terminal (UT), a Mobile Subscriber Station (MSS), a Subscriber Station (SS), an Advanced Mobile Station (AMS), or a Wireless Terminal (WT).

[0262] Referring to FIG. 27, the portable device (200) may include an antenna unit (208), a communication unit (210), a control unit (220), a memory unit (230), a power supply unit (240a), an interface unit (240b), and an input / output unit (240c). The antenna unit (208) may be configured as part of the communication unit (210). Blocks 210 to 230 / 240a to 240c of FIG. 27 correspond to blocks 210 to 230 / 240 of FIG. 26, respectively.

[0263] The communication unit (210) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with other wireless devices and base stations. The control unit (220) can control the components of the portable device (200) to perform various operations. The control unit (220) may include an AP (Application Processor). The memory unit (230) can store data / parameters / programs / code / commands required for the operation of the portable device (200). Additionally, the memory unit (230) can store input / output data / information, etc. The power supply unit (240a) supplies power to the portable device (200) and may include wired / wireless charging circuits, batteries, etc. The interface unit (240b) can support the connection between the portable device (200) and other external devices. The interface unit (240b) may include various ports (e.g., audio input / output ports, video input / output ports) for connection with external devices. The input / output unit (240c) can receive or output video information / signals, audio information / signals, data, and / or information input by a user. The input / output unit (240c) may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit (240d), a speaker and / or a haptic module, etc.

[0264] For example, in the case of data communication, the input / output unit (240c) acquires information / signals (e.g., touch, text, voice, image, video) input by the user, and the acquired information / signals can be stored in the memory unit (230). The communication unit (210) converts the information / signals stored in the memory into wireless signals and can directly transmit the converted wireless signals to another wireless device or to a base station. Additionally, the communication unit (210) can receive wireless signals from another wireless device or base station and then restore the received wireless signals to their original information / signals. The restored information / signals are stored in the memory unit (230) and then can be output in various forms (e.g., text, voice, image, video, haptic) through the input / output unit (240c).

[0265] FIG. 28 illustrates an example of a vehicle or autonomous vehicle applicable to the present disclosure. The vehicle or autonomous vehicle may be implemented as a mobile robot, a vehicle, a train, an aerial vehicle (AV), a ship, etc.

[0266] Referring to FIG. 28, a vehicle or autonomous vehicle (200-1) may include an antenna unit (208-1), a communication unit (210-1), a control unit (220-1), a driving unit (240a-1), a power supply unit (240b-1), a sensor unit (240c-1), and an autonomous driving unit (240d-1). The antenna unit (208-1) may be configured as part of the communication unit (210-1). Blocks 210-1 / 230-1 / 240a-1 to 240d-1 of FIG. 28 correspond to blocks 210 / 230 / 240 of FIG. 26, respectively.

[0267] The communication unit (210-1) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with external devices such as other vehicles, base stations (e.g., base stations, roadside base stations (Road Side Unit), etc.), and servers. The control unit (220-1) can perform various operations by controlling elements of the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (200-1). The control unit (220-1) may include an Electronic Control Unit (ECU). The driving unit (240a-1) can drive the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (200-1) on the ground. The driving unit (240a-1) may include an engine, motor, power train, wheels, brakes, steering device, etc. The power supply unit (240b-1) supplies power to the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (200-1) and may include wired / wireless charging circuits, batteries, etc. The sensor unit (240c-1) can obtain vehicle status, surrounding environment information, user information, etc. The sensor unit (240c-1) may include an IMU (inertial measurement unit) sensor, a collision sensor, a wheel sensor, a speed sensor, an inclination sensor, a weight detection sensor, a heading sensor, a position module, a vehicle forward / reverse sensor, a battery sensor, a fuel sensor, a tire sensor, a steering sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an illuminance sensor, a pedal position sensor, etc. The autonomous driving unit (240d-1) may implement technologies such as maintaining the driving lane, technologies for automatically adjusting speed such as adaptive cruise control, technologies for automatically driving along a predetermined path, and technologies for automatically setting a path and driving when a destination is set.

[0268] For example, the communication unit (210-1) can receive map data, traffic information data, etc. from an external server. The autonomous driving unit (240d-1) can generate an autonomous driving path and a driving plan based on the acquired data. The control unit (220-1) can control the drive unit (240a-1) so that the vehicle or the autonomous vehicle (200-1) moves along the autonomous driving path according to the driving plan (e.g., speed / direction control). During autonomous driving, the communication unit (210-1) can acquire the latest traffic information data from an external server non-periodically and can acquire surrounding traffic information data from surrounding vehicles. Additionally, during autonomous driving, the sensor unit (240c-1) can acquire vehicle status and surrounding environment information. The autonomous driving unit (240d-1) can update the autonomous driving path and the driving plan based on the newly acquired data / information. The communication unit (210-1) can transmit information regarding the vehicle location, autonomous driving path, driving plan, etc. to an external server. An external server can predict traffic information data in advance using AI technology, etc., based on information collected from vehicles or autonomous vehicles, and can provide the predicted traffic information data to vehicles or autonomous vehicles. If the device (220-2) is an autonomous vehicle, it can perform the same procedure as the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (200-1). In addition, if the device (220-2) is a base station or a roadside base station, the device (220-2) can transmit data and control signals to the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (200-1) through the communication unit (210-2).

[0269] FIG. 29 illustrates an example of a vehicle applicable to the present disclosure. The vehicle may be implemented as a means of transport, a train, an aircraft, a ship, etc. Referring to FIG. 29, the vehicle (200) may include a communication unit (210), a control unit (220), a memory unit (230), an input / output unit (240a), and a position measurement unit (240b). Here, blocks 210 to 230 / 240a to 240b correspond to blocks 210 to 230 / 240 of FIG. 26, respectively.

[0270] The communication unit (210) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with other vehicles or external devices such as base stations. The control unit (220) can control the components of the vehicle (200) to perform various operations. The memory unit (230) can store data / parameters / programs / codes / commands that support various functions of the vehicle (100). The input / output unit (240a) can output AR / VR objects based on information within the memory unit (230). The input / output unit (240a) may include a HUD. The position measurement unit (240b) can acquire position information of the vehicle (200). The position information may include absolute position information of the vehicle (200), position information within the driving line, acceleration information, position information relative to surrounding vehicles, etc. The position measurement unit (240b) may include GPS and various sensors.

[0271] For example, the communication unit (210) of the vehicle (200) can receive map information, traffic information, etc. from an external server and store it in the memory unit (230). The location measurement unit (240b) can acquire vehicle location information through GPS and various sensors and store it in the memory unit (230). The control unit (220) creates a virtual object based on map information, traffic information, and vehicle location information, etc., and the input / output unit (240a) can display the created virtual object on the glass window inside the vehicle (240a-1, 240a-2). In addition, the control unit (220) can determine whether the vehicle (200) is operating normally within the driving line based on the vehicle location information. If the vehicle (200) deviates abnormally from the driving line, the control unit (220) can display a warning on the glass window inside the vehicle through the input / output unit (240a). Additionally, the control unit (220) can broadcast a warning message regarding a driving abnormality to surrounding vehicles through the communication unit (210). Depending on the situation, the control unit (220) can transmit the vehicle's location information and information regarding the driving / vehicle abnormality to relevant authorities through the communication unit (210).

[0272] FIG. 30 illustrates an example of an XR device applicable to the present disclosure. The XR device may be implemented as an HMD, a Head-Up Display (HUD) equipped in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc.

[0273] Referring to FIG. 30, the XR device (200a) may include a communication unit (210), a control unit (220), a memory unit (230), an input / output unit (240a), a sensor unit (240b), and a power supply unit (240c). Here, blocks 210 to 230 / 240a to 240c of FIG. 30 correspond to blocks 210 to 230 / 240 of FIG. 26, respectively.

[0274] The communication unit (210) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., media data, control signals, etc.) with external devices such as other wireless devices, mobile devices, or media servers. The media data may include video, images, sound, etc. The control unit (220) can control the components of the XR device (200a) to perform various operations. For example, the control unit (220) may be configured to control and / or perform procedures such as video / image acquisition, (video / image) encoding, metadata generation, and processing. The memory unit (230) may store data / parameters / programs / code / commands required for driving the XR device (200a) or creating an XR object. The input / output unit (240a) acquires control information, data, etc. from the outside and can output the created XR object. The input / output unit (240a) may include a camera, microphone, user input unit, display unit, speaker and / or haptic module, etc. The sensor unit (240b) can obtain XR device status, surrounding environment information, user information, etc. The sensor unit (240b) may include a proximity sensor, an illuminance sensor, an accelerometer, a magnetic sensor, a gyroscope, an inertial sensor, an RGB sensor, an IR sensor, a fingerprint recognition sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, a light sensor, a microphone and / or radar, etc. The power supply unit (240c) supplies power to the XR device (200a) and may include a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc.

[0275] For example, the memory unit (230) of the XR device (200a) may contain information (e.g., data, etc.) necessary for creating an XR object (e.g., AR / VR / MR object). The input / output unit (240a) may receive a command to operate the XR device (200a) from the user, and the control unit (220) may operate the XR device (200a) according to the user's operation command. For example, if the user intends to watch movies, news, etc. through the XR device (200a), the control unit (220) may transmit content request information to another device (e.g., mobile device (200b)) or a media server through the communication unit (230). The communication unit (230) may download / stream content such as movies, news, etc. from another device (e.g., mobile device (200b)) or a media server to the memory unit (230). The control unit (220) controls and / or performs procedures such as video / image acquisition, (video / image) encoding, and metadata generation / processing for the content, and can generate / output an XR object based on information about the surrounding space or real object acquired through the input / output unit (240a) / sensor unit (240b).

[0276] Additionally, the XR device (200a) is wirelessly connected to the mobile device (200b) through the communication unit (210), and the operation of the XR device (200a) can be controlled by the mobile device (200b). For example, the mobile device (200b) can act as a controller for the XR device (200a). To this end, the XR device (200a) can acquire three-dimensional position information of the mobile device (200b), and then generate and output an XR object corresponding to the mobile device (200b).

[0277] FIG. 31 illustrates an example of a robot applicable to the present disclosure. Robots may be classified into industrial, medical, domestic, military, etc., depending on the purpose or field of use.

[0278] Referring to FIG. 31, the robot (200) may include a communication unit (210), a control unit (220), a memory unit (230), an input / output unit (240a), a sensor unit (240b), and a driving unit (240c). Here, blocks 210 to 230 / 240a to 240c of FIG. 31 correspond to blocks 210 to 230 / 240 of FIG. 26, respectively.

[0279] The communication unit (210) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., driving information, control signals, etc.) with external devices such as other wireless devices, other robots, or control servers. The control unit (220) can control the components of the robot (200) to perform various operations. The memory unit (230) can store data / parameters / programs / codes / commands that support various functions of the robot (200). The input / output unit (240a) can acquire information from outside the robot (200) and output information to outside the robot (200). The input / output unit (240a) may include a camera, microphone, user input unit, display unit, speaker and / or haptic module, etc. The sensor unit (240b) can obtain internal information of the robot (200), surrounding environment information, user information, etc. The sensor unit (240b) may include a proximity sensor, an illuminance sensor, an accelerometer, a magnetic sensor, a gyroscope, an inertial sensor, an IR sensor, a fingerprint recognition sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, a light sensor, a microphone, a radar, etc. The driving unit (240c) may perform various physical movements, such as moving robot joints. Additionally, the driving unit (240c) may enable the robot (200) to travel on the ground or fly in the air. The driving unit (240c) may include an actuator, a motor, a wheel, a brake, a propeller, etc.

[0280] FIG. 32 illustrates an example of an AI device applicable to the present disclosure.

[0281] AI devices can be implemented as stationary devices or mobile devices, such as TVs, projectors, smartphones, PCs, laptops, digital broadcasting terminals, tablet PCs, wearable devices, set-top boxes (STBs), radios, washing machines, refrigerators, digital signage, robots, vehicles, etc.

[0282] Referring to FIG. 32, the AI ​​device (200) may include a communication unit (210), a control unit (220), a memory unit (230), an input / output unit (240a / 240b), a learning processor unit (240c), and a sensor unit (240d). Blocks 210 to 230 / 240a to 240d of FIG. 32 correspond to blocks 210 to 230 / 140 of FIG. 26, respectively.

[0283] The communication unit (210) can transmit and receive wired and wireless signals (e.g., sensor information, user input, learning model, control signal, etc.) with external devices such as other AI devices (e.g., 100a to 100f, 120 in FIG. 1) or AI servers (e.g., 100g in FIG. 1) using wired and wireless communication technology. To this end, the communication unit (210) can transmit information within the memory unit (230) to an external device or transmit signals received from an external device to the memory unit (230).

[0284] The control unit (220) can determine at least one executable operation of the AI ​​device (200) based on information determined or generated using a data analysis algorithm or a machine learning algorithm. The control unit (220) can perform the determined operation by controlling the components of the AI ​​device (200). For example, the control unit (220) can request, search, receive, or utilize data from the learning processor unit (240c) or the memory unit (230), and can control the components of the AI ​​device (200) to execute a predicted operation or an operation determined to be desirable among at least one executable operation. Additionally, the control unit (220) can collect historical information, including the operation content of the AI ​​device (200) or user feedback regarding the operation, and store it in the memory unit (230) or the learning processor unit (240c), or transmit it to an external device such as an AI server (Fig. 1, 100g). The collected historical information can be used to update the learning model.

[0285] The memory unit (230) can store data that supports various functions of the AI ​​device (200). For example, the memory unit (230) can store data obtained from the input unit (240a), data obtained from the communication unit (210), output data from the learning processor unit (240c), and data obtained from the sensing unit (140). Additionally, the memory unit (230) can store control information and / or software code required for the operation / execution of the control unit (220).

[0286] The input unit (240a) can acquire various types of data from outside the AI ​​device (200). For example, the input unit (220) can acquire training data for model training and input data to which the training model is applied. The input unit (240a) may include a camera, a microphone and / or a user input unit, etc. The output unit (240b) can generate output related to visual, auditory, or tactile senses, etc. The output unit (240b) may include a display unit, a speaker and / or a haptic module, etc. The sensing unit (140d) can obtain at least one of internal information of the AI ​​device (200), surrounding environment information of the AI ​​device (200), and user information using various sensors. The sensing unit (140d) may include a proximity sensor, an illuminance sensor, an accelerometer, a magnetic sensor, a gyroscope, an inertial sensor, an RGB sensor, an IR sensor, a fingerprint recognition sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, a light sensor, a microphone and / or radar, etc.

[0287] The learning processor unit (240c) can train a model composed of an artificial neural network using training data. The learning processor unit (240c) can perform AI processing together with the learning processor unit of the AI ​​server (Fig. 1, 100g). The learning processor unit (240c) can process information received from an external device through the communication unit (210) and / or information stored in the memory unit (230). Additionally, the output value of the learning processor unit (240c) can be transmitted to an external device through the communication unit (210) and / or stored in the memory unit (230).

[0288] The proposed methods described above may be implemented independently, but they may also be implemented in the form of a combination (or merger) of some of the proposed methods. Rules may be defined so that the base station informs the terminal of the application status of the proposed methods (or information regarding the rules of the proposed methods) through a predefined signal (e.g., a physical layer signal or an upper layer signal).

[0289] The present disclosure may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the technical ideas and essential features described herein. Accordingly, the above detailed description should not be interpreted restrictively in all respects and should be considered illustrative. The scope of the present disclosure shall be determined by a reasonable interpretation of the appended claims, and all modifications within the equivalent scope of the present disclosure are included within the scope of the present disclosure. Furthermore, embodiments may be constructed by combining claims that are not explicitly related in the claims, or new claims may be included by amendments made after filing.

[0290]

[0291] The embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied to various wireless access systems. Examples of various wireless access systems include the 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) or 3GPP2 systems.

[0292] The embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied not only to the various wireless access systems mentioned above but also to all technical fields utilizing the various wireless access systems. Furthermore, the proposed method can be applied to mmWave and THz communication systems utilizing the ultra-high frequency band.

[0293] Additionally, the embodiments of the present disclosure may also be applied to various applications, such as autonomous vehicles and drones.

Claims

1. A method performed by a terminal in a wireless communication system, A step of receiving a first reference signal transmitted using a first beam set; A step of transmitting a measurement report based on the first reference signal; A step of receiving a second reference signal and a data signal transmitted using a second beam set; and The method includes the step of transmitting a response to at least one of the second reference signal and the data signal, The above second beam set is determined based on the above measurement report, and The above response is a method comprising information indicating the occurrence of blocking of at least one of the beams included in the second beam set.

2. In Claim 1, The above measurement report is a method including the phase difference between beams included in the first beam set.

3. In Claim 1, A method in which the second beam set is a beam set determined from among a plurality of first beam sets according to priority assigned based on the measurement report.

4. In Claim 3, The above priority is a method of assigning a priority based on a phase difference between beams included in each of the plurality of first beam sets, a first threshold value, and a second threshold value.

5. In Claim 1, A step of measuring the strength of the second reference signal for each receiving port; and It further includes a step of determining whether a blocking occurs for each receiving port based on the above intensity, The resource for the second reference signal is allocated to each of the receiving ports.

6. In Claim 5, The strength of the second reference signal above includes RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator), RSRP (Reference Signal Received Power), or channel gain.

7. In Claim 1, A method in which the first reference signal, the second reference signal, and the data are received from at least one of a base station or a reflector.

8. A method performed by a base station in a wireless communication system, A step of transmitting a first reference signal using a first beam set; A step of receiving a measurement report based on the first reference signal; A step of transmitting a second reference signal and data using a second beam set; A step of receiving a response to the transmission of the second reference signal and data; and It includes a step of changing the beam used for transmission based on the above response, The above response is a method comprising information indicating the occurrence of blocking of at least one of the beams included in the second beam set.

9. In Claim 8, The above measurement report is a method including the phase difference of the first beam set.

10. In Claim 8, The method further includes the step of assigning priority to the first beam set based on the above measurement report, and A method in which the second beam set is the beam set with the highest priority among a plurality of first beam sets.

11. In Claim 10, The above priority is a method assigned based on a first threshold, a second threshold, and a phase difference.

12. In Claim 10, The above second beam set is determined based on the CQI of the beam set among the plurality of first beam sets having the same priority.

13. In Claim 10, The step of changing the above beam is, A method comprising the step of changing a beam based on the priority among a plurality of first beam sets.

14. In Claim 8, The above second reference signal and data are transmitted to a terminal using a reflector.

15. In Paragraph 14, The method further includes the step of transmitting a control signal to the reflector, The above control signal is a method for controlling the reflector to compensate for the phase difference.

16. In a terminal of a wireless communication system, Transmitter / receiver; and It includes a processor connected to the above-mentioned transmitter and receiver, The above processor is, Receives a first reference signal transmitted using a first beam set, and Transmitting a measurement report based on the above first reference signal, and Receives a second reference signal and a data signal transmitted using a second beam set, and It is configured to transmit a response to at least one of the second reference signal and the data signal, and The above response is a terminal containing information indicating the occurrence of blocking of at least one of the beams included in the second beam set.

17. In a base station of a wireless communication system, Transmitter / receiver; and It includes a processor connected to the above-mentioned transmitter and receiver, The above processor is, In a method of operating a base station in a wireless communication system, Transmit a first reference signal using a first beam set, and Receive a measurement report based on the first reference signal above, and Transmitting a second reference signal and data using a second beam set, and Receive a response to the transmission of the above second reference signal and data, and It is configured to change the beam used for transmission based on the above response, and The above response is a base station containing information indicating the occurrence of blocking of at least one of the beams included in the second beam set.

18. In a communication device, At least one processor; It includes at least one computer memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that direct operations as they are executed by the at least one processor, The above operations are, A step of receiving a first reference signal transmitted using a first beam set; A step of transmitting a measurement report based on the first reference signal; A step of receiving a second reference signal and a data signal transmitted using a second beam set; and The method includes the step of transmitting a response to at least one of the second reference signal and the data signal, The above response is a communication device comprising information indicating the occurrence of blocking of at least one of the beams included in the second beam set.

19. In a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing at least one instruction, It includes at least one instruction executable by a processor, The above at least one instruction is, the device, Receives a first reference signal transmitted using a first beam set, and Transmitting a measurement report based on the above first reference signal, and Receives a second reference signal and a data signal transmitted using a second beam set, and Controls to transmit a response to at least one of the second reference signal and the data signal, and The above response is a computer-readable medium containing information indicating the occurrence of blocking of at least one of the beams included in the second beam set.

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