Multilayer optical film for decoration and thermal management
A multilayer optical film with a 4-layer repeat unit structure and specific polymeric layers addresses the challenge of high reflectance and adhesion, achieving efficient solar radiation reflection and decorative effects in thin films.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-27
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-02
AI Technical Summary
Existing optical films struggle to provide high reflectance in both visible and infrared wavelengths while maintaining a thin thickness and sufficient interlayer adhesion, often compromising on one or both properties.
A multilayer optical film design with a specific layer structure, including at least 4-layer optical repeat units with an f-ratio of 0.5, utilizing polymeric layers such as PEN, PMMA, and glycol-modified PET, achieves high reflectance and adhesion, with a total number of optical repeat units between 10 and 400, and a total thickness of 70-800 nm, ensuring minimal thickness and effective solar radiation reflection.
The solution provides high photopic visible light reflectance and AM1.5 weighted solar reflection, with interlayer adhesion of at least 1.5 N/cm, while maintaining a thin profile, reducing solar heating and providing decorative effects without significant radio wave blocking.
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Figure CN2024121718_02042026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
MULTILAYER OPTICAL FILM FOR DECORATION AND THERMAL MANAGEMENTTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present description relates generally to optical films and more specifically to multilayer optical films.BACKGROUND
[0002] An optical film can include a plurality of layers that reflect light primarily by optical interference.SUMMARY
[0003] In some aspects, the present description provides a multilayer optical film having an average total thickness T and including a plurality of optical repeat units disposed between first and second skin layers where each optical repeat unit includes at least two polymeric layers. A total number of the optical repeat units disposed between the first and second skin layers can be at least 10 and no more than about 300. Each optical repeat unit can have an average total thickness of between about 70 nm and about 800 nm. For substantially normally incident light and for each of orthogonal first and second polarization states, the multilayer optical film has a photopically weighted visible light reflectance Rvis and an AM1.5 weighted solar reflection Rsolar, where Rvis / T > 1 % / micrometer, and Rsolar / T > 1 % / micrometer. An interlayer adhesion of the individual layers in the plurality of optical repeat units can be at least about 1.5 N / cm when measured at a 90-degree peel angle at a peel rate of about 760 cm / min.
[0004] In some aspects, the present description provides a multilayer optical film including a plurality of optical repeat units disposed between first and second skin layers, where each optical repeat unit includes a polymeric A layer, two polymeric B layers, and a polymeric C layer. Each pair of adjacent A and C layers have one of the two polymeric B layers disposed therebetween. Each optical repeat unit can have an f-ratio of about 0.5 where the f-ratio is a combined optical thickness of the polymeric A layer and an adjacent polymeric B layer of the optical repeat unit divided by a total optical thickness of the optical repeat unit. A total number of the optical repeat units disposed between the first and second skin layers can be at least 10 and no more than about 300. Each of the A and C layers has an average thickness of between about 30 nm and about 400 nm, each of the B layers has an average thickness of less than about 75 nm, and each of the first and second skin layers has an average thickness of greater than about 500 nm. For substantially normally incident light and for each of orthogonal first and second polarization states, the multilayer optical film has: a photopically weighted visible light reflectance Rvis of at least about 70%; and an AM1.5 weighted solar reflection Rsolar of at least about 60%.
[0005] In some aspects, the present description provides a multilayer optical film including a plurality of optical repeat units that can number at least 10 and no more than 400 in total, where each optical repeat unit includes at least two polymeric layers, such that for substantially normally incident light and for at least one polarization state, the multilayer optical film has: a photopically weighted visible light reflectance Rvis of at least 70%; an AM1.5 weighted solar reflection Rsolar of at least 60%; and an optical reflectance having a band edge along which the optical reflectance generally decreases with increasing wavelength. A best linear fit to the band edge across a region of the band edge where optical reflectance decreases with increasing wavelength from about 70 percent to about 30 percent has a slope magnitude in a range of about 0.03% / nm to about 0.15% / nm. The band edge has a band edge wavelength where the best linear fit has an optical reflectance of about 50 percent that is at least about 900 nm.
[0006] These and other aspects will be apparent from the following detailed description. In no event, however, should this brief summary be construed to limit the claimable subject matter.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0007] FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a multilayer optical film, according to some embodiments.
[0008] FIG. 2 is a plot of transmittance versus wavelength for various multilayer optical films, according to some embodiments.
[0009] FIGS. 3-4 show layer thickness profiles for various optical, according to some embodiments.
[0010] FIG. 5A is a plot of optical repeat unit thickness versus optical repeat unit number of a multilayer optical film, according to some embodiments.
[0011] FIG. 5B is a portion of the plot of FIG. 5A.
[0012] FIG. 6 is a portion of a plot of reflectance versus wavelength of an optical film, according to some embodiments.
[0013] FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an electronic device including a housing that includes an optical film, according to some embodiments.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0014] In the following description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings that form a part hereof and in which various embodiments are shown by way of illustration. The drawings are not necessarily to scale. It is to be understood that other embodiments are contemplated and may be made without departing from the scope or spirit of the present description. The following detailed description, therefore, is not to be taken in a limiting sense.
[0015] An optical film can be used in a housing of an electronic device to provide a decorative effect. For example, a metallic luster is sometimes desired. However, in some cases it is desired that the housing be transmissive to radio waves (e.g., a cell phone signal) but metal is typically not transmissive to radio waves. Polymeric multilayer optical film can be used as a decorative film without significantly blocking radio waves as described in U.S. Pat. Appl. Pub. No. 2023 / 0266515 (Long et al. ) , for example.
[0016] Multilayer optical films including alternating polymeric layers can be used to provide desired reflection and transmission in desired wavelength ranges by suitable selection of layer thicknesses and refractive index differences as generally described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,882,774 (Jonza et al. ) ; 6,179,948 (Merrill et al. ) ; 6,783,349 (Neavin et al. ) ; 6,967,778 (Wheatley et al. ) ; 9,162,406 (Neavin et al. ) ; and 11,493,677 (Haag et al. ) , for example. The alternating polymeric layers typically include alternating high and low index layers which can be described as optical layers that transmit and reflect light primarily by optical interference. A multilayer optical film including alternating high and low index layers can be described as including a plurality of optical repeat units where each optical repeat unit includes a high index layer and a low index layer. An optical repeat unit is generally the smallest distinct unit of optical layers that repeats along a thickness direction of the optical film. Each optical repeat unit may include one or more layers in addition to the high and low index layers as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,103,337 (Schrenk et al. ) ; 5,540,978 (Schrenk) and 6,207,260 (Wheatley et al. ) and in U.S. Pat Appl. Pub. Nos. 2024 / 0184030 (Huseby et al. ) and 2024 / 0151889 (Huseby et al. ) , for example.
[0017] For some applications, it may be desired that the optical film included in a housing for an electronic device provide infrared reflection, in addition to visible light reflection, to reduce solar heating of the device. However, it is also typically desired that the optical film be thin, and it is difficult to provide high reflectivity over a broad visible and infrared wavelength range with a suitably thin film without the film having other undesired properties. For example, it has been found that a plurality of alternating layers of polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) numbering 550 in total can achieve a reflectance of about 90%or higher over a wavelength range of about 400 of 1700 nm, but that the interlayer adhesion (0.94 N / cm) is too weak for many applications and the thickness (94 micrometers) is still larger than desired for some applications.
[0018] However, it has been found, according to some embodiments, that an optical film including at least 4-layers in an optical repeat unit can provide a desired reflectance in a desired visible-infrared wavelength range while maintaining a low thickness and a high interlayer adhesion. In contrast to optical films utilizing 4 or more layers in an optical repeat unit with f-ratios selected to suppress harmonics of a primary reflection band, the optical film can utilize and f-ratio of about 0.5 so that third order harmonics, for example, are not substantially suppressed. Further, it has been found that the total number of optical repeat units can be kept relatively low (e.g. no more than about 400 or no more than about 300) and still provide high reflectance over suitable visible-infrared wavelength range. In addition to, or alternatively to, using an at least 4-layer optical repeat unit, it has been found that the reflectance versus wavelength of the optical film can be selected to gradually (e.g., with a small slope) increase in the near infrared and that this can result in lower color shift with increasing incidence angle (compared to an optical film having a reflectance versus wavelength with a higher slope in approximately the same wavelength range) while still providing adequate solar rejection. Further, it has been found that a suitably high interlayer adhesion and suitably low thickness can be obtained with such films.
[0019] FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a multilayer optical film 300, according to some embodiments. The multilayer optical film 300 includes a plurality of optical repeat units 10 disposed between first and second skin layers 20 and 21. In some embodiments, each optical repeat unit 10 includes at least two polymeric layers, or at least three polymeric layers, or at least four polymeric layers. In some embodiments, each optical repeat unit 10 includes a polymeric A layer, two polymeric B layers, and a polymeric C layer. Each pair of adjacent A and C layers can have one of the two polymeric B layers disposed therebetween. In some embodiments, each optical repeat unit 10 has an f-ratio of about 0.5. For an ABCB optical repeat unit, for example, the f-ratio is a combined optical thickness of the polymeric A layer and an adjacent polymeric B layer of the optical repeat unit divided by a total optical thickness of the optical repeat unit. For an AC optical repeat unit, for example, the f-ratio is an optical thickness of the polymeric A layer of the optical repeat unit divided by a total optical thickness of the optical repeat unit. Optical thickness of a layer is a refractive index of the layer times a physical thickness of the layer. The refractive index should be understood to be the largest in-plane (in the plane of the layer) refractive index at a wavelength of 633 nm, unless specified differently.
[0020] The multilayer optical film 300 can include substantially more optical repeat units 10 than are shown in the schematic illustration of FIG. 1. In some embodiments, a total number of the optical repeat units 10 disposed between the first and second skin layers is at least 10 and no more than about 400, 350, 300, 275, 250, 225, 200, 175, 150, or 125. In some embodiments, a total number of layers disposed between the first and second skin layers is at least 40 and no more than about 1200, 1100, 1000, 900, 800, 700, 600, or 500.
[0021] In some embodiments, each optical repeat unit has an average total thickness of between about 70 nm and about 800 nm, or between about 80 nm and about 700 nm, or between about 100 nm and about 600 nm. In some embodiments, each of the A and C layers has an average thickness of between about 30 nm and about 400 nm, each of the B layers has an average thickness of less than about 75 nm, and each of the first and second skin layers 20 and 21 has an average thickness of greater than about 500 nm. Each of the A and C layers can have an average thickness of between about 35 or 40 nm and about 350 nm. Each of the B layers can have an average thickness of between about 8 nm and about 70 nm, or between about 10 or 12 nm and about 65 nm. In some embodiments, for each of the optical repeat units 10, each of the B layers has an average thickness of no more than about 0.4, 0.38, 0.36, 0.34, 0.32, or 0.3 times an average thickness of the A layer and / or of the C layer of the unit cell. In some embodiments, the A layers has a higher in-plane refractive index at a wavelength of 633 nm than that of the C layers, and for each of the optical repeat units 10, each of the B layers has an average thickness in a range of about 0.2 to about 0.4, or about 0.22 to about 0.36, or about 0.24 to about 0.32, times an average thickness of the A layer of the unit cell. Each of the first and second skin layers 20 and 21 can have an average thickness of at least about 550, 600, 650, 700, 750, or 800 nm. The average thickness of each of the first and second skin layers 20 and 21 can be up to about 3000, 2000, 1500, 1200, or 1100 nm, for example. In some embodiments, the multilayer optical film 300 has an average total thickness T of no more than about 90, 85, 80, 75, 70, 65, 60, 55, 50, 45, 40, 35 micrometers. The average total thickness can be at least about 25 or 30 micrometers, for example.
[0022] In some embodiments, each layer of the multilayer optical film 300 that is disposed between the first and second skin layers 20 and 21 is a layer of an optical repeat unit 10. In other embodiments, one or more additional layers 31, 32, 33, 41, 42 may be included. For example, the multilayer optical film 300 can include two packets of optical repeat units that are separated by one or more protective boundary layers 41, 42 which may each have an average thickness in any of the ranges described elsewhere herein for the skin layers 20 and 21, for example. Optically thin layers 31, 32, 33 having an average thickness in any of the ranges described elsewhere herein for any of the A, B, or C layers, for example, may optionally be included. In some embodiments, each layer of the multilayer optical film 300 that is disposed between the first and second skin layers 20 and 21 is a layer of an optical repeat unit 10 or is a layer (e.g., a protective boundary layer) having a thickness greater than about 500 nm or in any range described elsewhere herein for a skin layer 20, 21. In some embodiments, each layer of the multilayer optical film 300 that is disposed between the first and second skin layers 20 and 21 is a layer of an optical repeat unit 10 or is a protective boundary layer, where the multilayer optical film includes no more than 6, 5, 4, 3, or 2 protective boundary layers, each protective boundary layer having a thickness greater than about 500 nm.
[0023] In some embodiments, each A layer comprises naphthalate groups. In some such embodiments, or in other embodiments, each B layer comprises a glycol-modified polyethylene terephthalate (glycol-modified PET) comprising isosorbide-derived groups. In some such embodiments, or in other embodiments, each C layer comprises polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) . For example, the A layers can be polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) or a co-polyethylene naphthalate terephthalate copolyester. In some embodiments, carboxylate units of the copolyester comprises about 80 to 95 mole percent naphthalate units and about 5 to 20 mole percent terephthalate units, for example. An optical film can be made using alternating PEN and PMMA layers, but the interlayer adhesion is insufficient for many applications. However, it has been found that glycol-modified polyethylene terephthalate comprising isosorbide-derived groups can be included as B layers between PEN and PMMA layers and that this substantially increases the interlayer adhesion. The glycol-modified polyethylene terephthalate can comprise the isosorbide-derived groups at about 5 to about 25 weight percent, for example. PET can be made by reacting glycol and terephthalic acid. Glycol-modified PET generally refers to a polymer formed by a similar reaction but with at least a portion of the glycol replaced with a different diol. Often cyclohexane dimethanol (CHDM) is used as the different diol, but according to some embodiments of the present description, it has been found that replacing at least a portion of the glycol with isosorbide results in improved bonding. Another portion of the glycol may be replaced with CHDM, for example. Suitable glycol-modified PETs include those available from SK Chemicals (Gyeonggi-do, South Korea) under the tradename ECOZEN, such as the ECOZEN T-series which includes ECOZEN T120.
[0024] The multilayer optical film may be characterized by an interlayer adhesion F which may be determined using a 90-degree peel test at a peel rate of about 760 cm / min. The film may be cut part way into the film (e.g., with a razor blade) so that the pealing pulls two adjacent layers of the optical repeat units apart (e.g., as opposed to peeling a skin layer off) . In some embodiments, an interlayer adhesion F of the individual layers in the plurality of optical repeat units 10 is at least about 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, or 4 N / cm when measured at a 90-degree peel angle at a peel rate of about 760 cm / min. The interlayer adhesion may be up to about 10, 8, or 6 N / cm, for example. The peel rate of 760 cm / min is typically preferred since the interlayer adhesion of the exemplary films is often too high to measure (e.g., peeling cannot be initiated or failure modes other than interlayer delamination occur) using significantly lower peel rates. Interlayer adhesion values reported herein may be assumed to be for a 90-degree peel test at a peel rate of about 760 cm / min, unless indicated otherwise.
[0025] FIG. 2 is a plot of transmittance versus wavelength for various multilayer optical films for normally incident light 62 (see, e.g., FIG. 1) , according to some embodiments. The plots were generated using standard optical modeling techniques and the films were modeled as biaxially oriented so that the transmission was about the same for each of orthogonal first and second polarization states 65 and 67. Since absorption is typically negligible, the reflectance R1 is typically 100%minus the transmittance to a good approximation. The optical film labeled RBE=1100nm corresponds to a conventional optical film with a right band edge (RBE) where a transmittance is about 80%of 1100nm. Note that the band edge may alternatively be characterized by the wavelength where the transmittance is a different value (e.g., about 50%) . The optical film labeled RBE=1400nm is an exemplary optical film having a RBE where a transmittance is about 80%of 1400nm. The optical film labeled PEN / PMMA RBE=1900nm corresponds to a multilayer optical film including alternating PEN and PMMA layer and having a right band edge (RBE) where a transmittance is about 55%of 1900nm. The optical films labeled ABCB N layer with N being 425, 650, or 800 are exemplary optical films having 4-layer optical repeat units with N indicating the total number of layers in the film. The RBE=1100nm and RBE=1400nm films included high index layers of 85 wt%LmPEN and 15 wt%PETg and low index layers of 74 wt%ECOZEN T120 and 26 wt%PETg. The PETg was EASTAR GN071 (available from Eastman Chemical Company, Knoxville, TN) and the LmPEN was a copolymerized blend of 90 mol%PEN and 10 mol%PET. The ABCB N layer films included A layers of PEN, C layers of PMMA and B layers of ECOZEN T120.
[0026] Physical samples of the optical films PEN / PMMA RBE=1900nm and ABCB 650 layer were made by coextruding and biaxially stretching the polymers described above as generally described in the multilayer optical film references provided elsewhere herein. The resulting films were tested for interlayer adhesion using a 90-degree peel test at a peel rate of about 760 cm / min. The results were 0.94 N / cm and 4.49 N / cm for the PEN / PMMA RBE=1900nm and ABCB 650 layer films, respectively.
[0027] The optical films may be characterized by an average reflectance over a predetermined wavelength range (unweighted mean of the reflectance over the predetermined wavelength range) , a photopically weighted visible light reflectance Rvis, and / or an AM1.5 weighted solar reflection Rsolar. The CIE (International Commission on Illumination) 1931 tristimulus function may be used as the weighting function for determining the photopically weighted visible light reflectance Rvis. Similarly, Rsolar can be determined using a weighting function defined by the AM1.5 standard spectrum (Air Mass 1.5 standard spectrum) , which is provided in the ASTM G173-03(2020) standard, as the direct spectral irradiance normalized by the total integrated irradiance.
[0028] In some embodiments, for substantially normally incident light 62 and for at least one polarization state 65 and / or 67 (or, preferably, for each of orthogonal first and second polarization states 65 and 67) , the multilayer optical film has: a photopically weighted visible light reflectance Rvis of at least about 70%; and an AM1.5 weighted solar reflection Rsolar of at least about 60%. In some such embodiments, or in other embodiments, Rvis is at least about 72, 74, 76, 78, 80, 82, 84, 86, 88, 90, or 92 percent. In some such embodiments, or in other embodiments, Rsolar is at least about 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, or 90%. In some such embodiments, or in other embodiments, for the total number of optical repeat units being N, each of Rvis / N and Rsolar / N is greater than 0.35. In some such embodiments, or in other embodiments, Rvis / N is at least about 0.4, 0.45, 0.5, 0.55, 0.6, 0.65, 0.7, or 0.75 percent. In some such embodiments, or in other embodiments, Rsolar / N is at least about 0.4, 0.45, 0.5, 0.55, 0.6, or 0.65 percent. In some such embodiments, or in other embodiments, the multilayer optical film 300 has an average total thickness T (e.g., in a range of about 70 nm to about 800 nm, or in a range described elsewhere herein) , where Rvis / T > 1 % / micrometer and Rsolar / T > 1% / micrometer. In some such embodiments, or in other embodiments, Rvis / T is greater than 1.05, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.8, 2, or 2.2 percent / micrometer. In some such embodiments, or in other embodiments, Rsolar / T is greater than 1.05, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, or 2 percent / micrometer. Each of these relationships involving Rsolar and / or Rvis can hold for at least one polarization state or for each of orthogonal first and second polarization states.
[0029] In some embodiments, for the substantially normally incident light 62 and for each of the orthogonal first and second polarization states 65 and 67, the multilayer optical film 300 has an average optical reflectance of at least about 75, 80, 85, or 90%in a wavelength range extending at least from about 420 nm to about 1400 nm. The wavelength range can extend at least to about 1500, 1600, or 1700 nm, for example.
[0030] In some embodiments, the transmittance versus wavelength includes narrow bandwidth (e.g., less than about 100, 80, 60, or 50 nm wide) high transmittance regions in the near infrared (e.g., centered at about 850 or 940 nm) to allow signals from infrared sensors or transmitters to pass through the film. This can be achieved by omitting layers otherwise responsible for providing reflection in those wavelength regions.
[0031] FIGS. 3 and 4 are layer thickness profiles (plots of layer thickness versus layer number) for the optical films RBE=1400nm and ABCB 650 layer, respectively, according to some embodiments. In FIG. 3, the A layers have a higher refractive index than the C layers and the B layers. In FIG. 4, the B layers were omitted so that the optical film included alternating A and C layers. Also, the layers of the RBE=1400 nm film were arranged into two packet of layers with about 325 optical layers in each packet and with some overlap in layer thicknesses of the two packets around layer number 325.
[0032] In some embodiments, the band edge is placed at a relatively low wavelength (e.g., less than about 1500 nm) and the band edge has a low slope (e.g., no more than about 0.15 % / nm) selected to reduce the color shift with increasing incident angle that can occur due to the shift of a near-infrared band edge into the visible wavelength range while still providing a desired Rsolar. Other references, such as U.S. Pat. No. 6,967,778 (Wheatley et al. ) , for example, have described techniques for increasing the band edge slope which is often desired. Here, it may be desired to decrease the slope, according to some embodiments. To decrease the slope, a fewer number of layers providing reflection along the band edge can be used and this can result in an upward curvature to the layer thickness profile as can be seen in FIGS. 4 and 5A-5B.
[0033] FIG. 5A is a plot of optical repeat unit thickness versus optical repeat unit number of the film of FIG. 4 and FIG. 5B shows a portion of the plot of FIG. 5A, according to some embodiments. In some embodiments, the plurality of optical repeat units 10 is disposed between first and second skin layers 20 and 21 and when the optical repeat units are sequentially numbered from an optical repeat unit closest to the first skin layer to an optical repeat unit closest to the second skin layer such that the optical repeat units have a thickness t1 that generally increases with increasing optical repeat unit number n1, the 80, 100, 120 or 150 optical repeat units closest to the second skin layer has a thickness t1 versus optical repeat unit number n1 having a best polynomial fit 183 of the form t1 = a n12 + b n1 + c having a coefficient of determination R2 of at least 0.9. The coefficient of determination R2 can be at least 0.92, 0.94, 0.96, 0.98, or 0.99. Here, a, b, and c are fit parameters. In some embodiments, a > 0 and b < 0. In some such embodiments, or in other embodiments, a is greater than 0.002, 0.004, 0.008, 0.01, 0.012, or 0.13 nm. In some such embodiments, or in other embodiments, b is less than -0.5, -1, -1.5, -2, -3, -4, -5, or -5.5 nm. In some such embodiments, or in other embodiments, c > 0, 100, 200, 400, 600, or 800 nm. The fit parameter a can be up to 0.03, 0.025, 0.02, or 0.015 nm, for example. The fit parameter b can be at least -20, -15, -10, or -8 nm, for example. The fit parameter c can be up to 2000, 1500, 1200, or 1000 nm, for example. In the embodiment of FIG. 5B, 100 optical repeat units were chosen, the fit parameters were a=0.0135 nm, b=5.8121 nm, and c=883.98 nm, and the fit 183 had an R2 of 0.9983.
[0034] FIG. 6 is a plot of reflectance versus wavelength for normally incident light for the optical film labeled RBE=1400nm in FIG. 2 which had the thickness profiles of FIGS. 4 and 5A-5B, according to some embodiments. In some embodiments, a multilayer optical film 300 includes a plurality of optical repeat units 10 numbering at least 10 and no more than 400 in total (or in a range described elsewhere herein) where each optical repeat unit 10 includes at least two polymeric layers (e.g., A and C) , such that for substantially normally incident light 62 and for at least one polarization state 65 and / or 67, the multilayer optical film has: a photopically weighted visible light reflectance Rvis of at least 70% (or in a range described elsewhere herein) ; and an AM1.5 weighted solar reflection Rsolar of at least 60% (or in a range describe elsewhere herein) %. In some such embodiments, or in other embodiments, for the substantially normally incident light 62 and for the at least one polarization state 65 and / or 67, the multilayer optical film 300 has an optical reflectance including a band edge 140 along which the optical reflectance generally decreases with increasing wavelength, where a best linear fit 145 to the band edge 140 across a region of the band edge where optical reflectance decreases with increasing wavelength from about 70 percent to about 30 percent has a slope magnitude (magnitude, or absolute value, of slope S) in a range of about 0.03% / nm to about 0.15% / nm, or about 0.04% / nm to about 0.12% / nm, or about 0.05% / nm to about 0.1% / nm or to about 0.09% / nm. In the embodiment of FIG. 6, the slope magnitude was 0.0681 % / nm. In some such embodiments, or in other embodiments, the band edge 140 has a band edge wavelength W1 where the best linear fit 145 has an optical reflectance of about 50 percent that is at least about 900 nm. The band edge wavelength W1 can be at least about 950, 1000, 1050, or 1100 nm. The band edge wavelength can be up to about 3000, 2500, 2000, 1500, 1400, or 1300 nm. For example, in some embodiments, the band edge wavelength W1 is in a range of about 900 nm to about 3000 nm, or about 950 nm to about 2000 nm, or about 1000 nm to about 1500 nm.
[0035] Results for various optical films described herein are provided in the following tables where T is the average total thickness and N is the total number of optical repeat units.
[0036] FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an electronic device 600 including a housing 500 that includes a decorative optical film 550, according to some embodiments. In some embodiments, a housing 500 for an electronic device 600 includes a decorative optical film 550 configured to reduce radiative heating of the electronic device (e.g., by reflecting at least a portion of solar radiation) . The decorative optical film 550 can include any multilayer optical film 300 of the present description (e.g., to provide a luster resembling metallic luster and to reduce solar heating) and may further include a decoration layer 510 which may be patterned and / or dyed to define a desired logo or overall appearance, for example. Useful decoration layers include decorative films available from 3M Company (St. Paul, MN) under the DI-NOC and FASARA tradenames, for example. The housing 500 can include a cover glass 530 (e.g., back glass of cell phone) and the decorative optical film 550 can be attached to the cover glass 530 via an optically clear adhesive 520. The decoration layer 510 can be disposed between the cover glass 530 and the multilayer optical film 300. The electronic device 600 can include electronics 610 (e.g., electrical components of cell phone) disposed in the housing 500.
[0037] Terms such as “about” will be understood in the context in which they are used and described in the present description by one of ordinary skill in the art. If the use of “about” as applied to quantities expressing feature sizes, amounts, and physical properties is not otherwise clear to one of ordinary skill in the art in the context in which it is used and described in the present description, “about” will be understood to mean within 10 percent of the specified value. A quantity given as about a specified value can be precisely the specified value. For example, if it is not otherwise clear to one of ordinary skill in the art in the context in which it is used and described in the present description, a quantity having a value of about 1, means that the quantity has a value between 0.9 and 1.1, and that the value could be 1.
[0038] Terms such as “substantially” will be understood in the context in which they are used and described in the present description by one of ordinary skill in the art. If the use of “substantially” with reference to a property or characteristic is not otherwise clear to one of ordinary skill in the art in the context in which it is used and described in the present description and when it would be clear to one of ordinary skill in the art what is meant by an opposite of that property or characteristic, the term “substantially” will be understood to mean that the property or characteristic is exhibited to a greater extent than the opposite of that property or characteristic is exhibited.
[0039] All references, patents, and patent applications referenced in the foregoing are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entirety in a consistent manner. In the event of inconsistencies or contradictions between portions of the incorporated references and this application, the information in the preceding description shall control.
[0040] Descriptions for elements in figures should be understood to apply equally to corresponding elements in other figures, unless indicated otherwise. Although specific embodiments have been illustrated and described herein, it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that a variety of alternate and / or equivalent implementations can be substituted for the specific embodiments shown and described without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. This application is intended to cover any adaptations, or variations, or combinations of the specific embodiments discussed herein. Therefore, it is intended that this disclosure be limited only by the claims and the equivalents thereof.
Claims
1.A multilayer optical film having an average total thickness T and comprising a plurality of optical repeat units disposed between first and second skin layers, each optical repeat unit comprising at least two polymeric layers, a total number of the optical repeat units disposed between the first and second skin layers being at least 10 and no more than about 300, each optical repeat unit having an average total thickness of between about 70 nm and about 800 nm,wherein for substantially normally incident light and for each of orthogonal first and second polarization states, the multilayer optical film has a photopically weighted visible light reflectance Rvis and an AM1.5 weighted solar reflection Rsolar, Rvis / T > 1 % / micrometer, Rsolar / T > 1 % / micrometer, andwherein an interlayer adhesion of the individual layers in the plurality of optical repeat units is at least about 1.5 N / cm when measured at a 90-degree peel angle at a peel rate of about 760 cm / min.2.The multilayer optical film of claim 1, wherein for the substantially normally incident light and for each of the first and second polarization states, Rvis is at least about 70%; and Rsolar is at least about 60%.3.The multilayer optical film of claim 1, wherein for the substantially normally incident light and for each of the orthogonal first and second polarization states, the multilayer optical film has an average optical reflectance of at least about 75%in a wavelength range extending at least from about 420 nm to about 1400 nm.4.The multilayer optical film of claim 1, wherein each optical repeat unit comprises a polymeric A layer, two polymeric B layers, and a polymeric C layer, each pair of adjacent A and C layers having one of the two polymeric B layers disposed therebetween, each optical repeat unit having an f-ratio of about 0.5, the f-ratio being a combined optical thickness of the polymeric A layer and an adjacent polymeric B layer of the optical repeat unit divided by a total optical thickness of the optical repeat unit.5.The multilayer optical film of claim 4, wherein each A layer comprises naphthalate groups, each B layer comprising a glycol-modified polyethylene terephthalate comprising isosorbide-derived groups, and each C layer comprises polymethylmethacrylate.6.The multilayer optical film of claim 1, wherein for the substantially normally incident light and for each of the first and second polarization states, the multilayer optical film has an optical reflectance comprising a band edge along which the optical reflectance generally decreases with increasing wavelength, a best linear fit to the band edge across a region of the band edge where optical reflectance decreases with increasing wavelength from about 70 percent to about 30 percent having a slope magnitude in a range of about 0.03% / nm to about 0.15% / nm.7.The multilayer optical film of claim 1, wherein when the optical repeat units are sequentially numbered from an optical repeat unit closest to the first skin layer to an optical repeat unit closest to the second skin layer such that the optical repeat units have a thickness t1 that generally increases with increasing optical repeat unit number n1, the 100 optical repeat units closest to the second skin layer has a thickness t1 versus optical repeat unit number n1 having a best polynomial fit of the form t1 = a n12 + b n1 + c having a coefficient of determination R2 of at least 0.9, a, b, and c being fit parameters, a > 0, b < 0.8.A multilayer optical film comprising a plurality of optical repeat units disposed between first and second skin layers, each optical repeat unit comprising a polymeric A layer, two polymeric B layers, and a polymeric C layer, each pair of adjacent A and C layers having one of the two polymeric B layers disposed therebetween, each optical repeat unit having an f-ratio of about 0.5, the f-ratio being a combined optical thickness of the polymeric A layer and an adjacent polymeric B layer of the optical repeat unit divided by a total optical thickness of the optical repeat unit, a total number of the optical repeat units disposed between the first and second skin layers being at least 10 and no more than about 300, each of the A and C layers having an average thickness of between about 30 nm and about 400 nm, each of the B layers having an average thickness of less than about 75 nm, each of the first and second skin layers having an average thickness of greater than about 500 nm,wherein for substantially normally incident light and for each of orthogonal first and second polarization states, the multilayer optical film has:a photopically weighted visible light reflectance Rvis of at least about 70%; andan AM1.5 weighted solar reflection Rsolar of at least about 60%.9.The multilayer optical film of claim 8, wherein each A layer comprises naphthalate groups and each B layer comprises a glycol-modified polyethylene terephthalate comprising isosorbide-derived groups.10.The multilayer optical film of claim 8, wherein an interlayer adhesion of the individual layers in the plurality of optical repeat units is at least about 1.5 N / cm when measured at a 90-degree peel angle at a peel rate of about 760 cm / min.11.The multilayer optical film of claim 8 having an average total thickness of no more than about 90 micrometers.12.The multilayer optical film of claim 8, wherein for the total number of optical repeat units being N, each of Rvis / N and Rsolar / N is greater than 0.35.13.A multilayer optical film comprising a plurality of optical repeat units numbering at least 10 and no more than 400 in total, each optical repeat unit comprising at least two polymeric layers, such that for substantially normally incident light and for at least one polarization state, the multilayer optical film has:a photopically weighted visible light reflectance Rvis of at least 70%;an AM1.5 weighted solar reflection Rsolar of at least 60%; andan optical reflectance comprising a band edge along which the optical reflectance generally decreases with increasing wavelength, a best linear fit to the band edge across a region of the band edge where optical reflectance decreases with increasing wavelength from about 70 percent to about 30 percent having a slope magnitude in a range of about 0.03% / nm to about 0.15% / nm, the band edge having a band edge wavelength where the best linear fit has an optical reflectance of about 50 percent that is at least about 900 nm.14.The multilayer optical film of claim 13, wherein the plurality of optical repeat units is disposed between first and second skin layers and when the optical repeat units are sequentially numbered from an optical repeat unit closest to the first skin layer to an optical repeat unit closest to the second skin layer such that the optical repeat units have a thickness t1 that generally increases with increasing optical repeat unit number n1, the 100 optical repeat units closest to the second skin layer has a thickness t1 versus optical repeat unit number n1 having a best polynomial fit of the form t1 = a n12 + b n1 + c having a coefficient of determination R2 of at least 0.9, a, b, and c being fit parameters, a > 0, b < 0.15.A housing for an electronic device, the housing comprising a decorative optical film configured to reduce radiative heating of the electronic device, wherein the decorative optical film comprises the multilayer optical film of any one of claims 1 to 14.
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