Lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material, preparation method, positive electrode foil, lithium-ion battery and electrical device
Coating the manganese-based positive electrode material with an aluminosilicate molecular sieve addresses the cycling performance degradation issue by adsorbing electrolyte water and inhibiting oxygen and metal ion migration, enhancing electrochemical performance.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-30
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-02
AI Technical Summary
Lithium-ion batteries using a manganese-based positive electrode material (1-x) Li2MnO3·xLiAO2 experience degraded cycling performance when the voltage exceeds 4.45 V, limiting its practical applications due to irreversible oxygen release and transition metal ion migration.
A lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material is coated with an aluminosilicate molecular sieve, which adsorbs trace electrolyte water, inhibits lattice oxygen redox, and prevents transition metal ion migration, improving charge-discharge capacity and cycling performance.
The coating enhances the electrochemical performance of the electrode by improving charge-discharge capacity, initial coulombic efficiency, and rate performance at high voltages.
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Figure CN2024122609_02042026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
LITHIUM-RICH MANGANESE-BASED POSITIVE ELECTRODE MATERIAL, PREPARATION METHOD, POSITIVE ELECTRODE FOIL, LITHIUM-ION BATTERY AND ELECTRICAL DEVICETECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to the technical field of lithium-ion battery technology, in particular to a lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material, a preparation method, a positive electrode foil, a lithium-ion battery and an electrical device.BACKGROUND
[0002] In recent years, with the rapid expansion of the new energy vehicle market, issues such as range anxiety and vehicle safety have drawn much attention of the public, making development of a lithium-ion battery positive electrode material with high energy density and good safety an urgent task. A new positive electrode material (1-x) Li2MnO3·xLiAO2, which has a theoretical specific capacity of about 300 mAh / g and a theoretical energy density of about 1000 Wh / kg, is considered to be one of the most promising next-generation high-performance positive electrode materials. In addition, the material has the advantages such as low cost, good safety performance, and environmental friendliness.
[0003] However, when the voltage is equal to or greater than 4.45 V, the cycling performance of batteries using this positive electrode material may be degraded, thereby limiting its practical applications.SUMMARY
[0004] A lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material includes:
[0005] a base material including a manganese-based positive electrode active material, the manganese-based positive electrode active material being represented by a chemical formula of (1-x) Li2MnO3·xLiNiaMnbMcO2, where 0.60<x<0.70, a>0, b>0, a+b=1, 0≤c<0.02, and M is a metal element; and
[0006] a coating layer coated on at least a part of a surface of the base material, the coating layer including an aluminosilicate molecular sieve.
[0007] The lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material according to the above-described embodiment of the present disclosure includes a coating layer, and the coating layer includes an aluminosilicate molecular sieve. Based on the adsorption characteristics of the aluminosilicate molecular sieve, the coating layer can adsorb a trace amount of water in an electrolyte to reduce the formation of side reaction products of the electrolyte. Furthermore, the coating layer can also alleviate the redox of lattice oxygen in the manganese-based positive electrode active material and inhibit the release of the lattice oxygen. Moreover, the coating layer can also inhibit the migration of transition metal ions, especially Ni and Mn. Under the combined action of the above mechanisms, the redox kinetics of the electrode is improved, effectively improving the charge-discharge capacity, initial coulombic efficiency, rate performance, and cycling performance of batteries at a high voltage. Therefore, the comprehensive electrochemical performances of the lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material can be improved by coating the aluminosilicate molecular sieve on the surface of the manganese-based positive electrode active material at a low temperature.
[0008] In some embodiments, the aluminosilicate molecular sieve is coated on at least a part of a surface of the manganese-based positive electrode active material.
[0009] In some embodiments, the aluminosilicate molecular sieve has a chabazite-type framework structure.
[0010] In some embodiments, the aluminosilicate molecular sieve is a sodium-containing chabazite (Na-CHA) type aluminosilicate molecular sieve with a chemical formula of Na2O·Al2O3·ySiO2, where 25≤y≤45.
[0011] In some embodiments, an average pore size of the aluminosilicate molecular sieve is in a range from 0.4 nm to 0.8 nm.
[0012] In some embodiments, a mass ratio of the aluminosilicate molecular sieve to the manganese-based positive electrode active material is in a range from 1: 1000 to 10: 1000.
[0013] In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the aluminosilicate molecular sieve to the manganese-based positive electrode active material is in a range from 2: 1000 to 5: 1000.
[0014] In some embodiments, 0.60<x<0.68.
[0015] In some embodiments, the M is selected from the group consisting of Nb, Ti, Zr, Fe, Cr, V, Zn, Al, Mo, Sn, Se, La, Ce, K, W, Ca, and combinations thereof.
[0016] In some embodiments, an average particle size D50 of the base material is in a range from about 3 μm to about 12 μm.
[0017] In some embodiments, an average particle size D50 of the lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material is in a range from about 3 μm to about 12 μm.
[0018] A method for preparing a lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material includes steps of:
[0019] mixing a base material with a coating agent to obtain a mixture, and then subjecting the mixture to heat treatment to obtain the lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material, wherein the base material includes a manganese-based positive electrode active material, and the manganese-based positive electrode active material is represented by a chemical formula of (1-x) Li2MnO3·xLiNiaMnbMcO2, where 0.60<x<0.70, a>0, b>0, a+b=1, 0≤c<0.02, and M is a metal element, and the coating agent includes an aluminosilicate molecular sieve.
[0020] In some embodiments, a mass ratio of the aluminosilicate molecular sieve to the manganese-based positive electrode active material is in a range from 1: 1000 to 10: 1000.
[0021] In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the aluminosilicate molecular sieve to the manganese-based positive electrode active material is in a range from 2: 1000 to 5: 1000.
[0022] In some embodiments, the heat treatment is conducted at a temperature in a range from 400 ℃ to 500 ℃ for a period from 4 hours to 6 hours,
[0023] In some embodiments, the heat treatment is conducted under an atmosphere of air, nitrogen, or oxygen.
[0024] In some embodiments, the mixing includes mechanical mixing.
[0025] In some embodiments, the mechanical mixing is conducted at a rotation speed in a range from 180 revolutions / minute (r / min) to 220 r / min for 15 minutes (min) to 30 min.
[0026] In some embodiments, the manganese-based positive electrode active material is prepared by a method including:
[0027] mixing a manganese-based precursor with a lithium source to obtain a mixed material and sintering the mixed material, or mixing the manganese-based precursor, the lithium source, and an M-containing compound together to obtain a mixed material and sintering the mixed material, wherein the manganese-based precursor is represented by a chemical formula of NimMnn (OH) 2 or NimMnnCO3, where n>0, 0.25<m<0.45, and m+n=1.
[0028] In some embodiments, the sintering is conducted at a temperature in a range from 900 ℃ to 950 ℃ for 8 hours to 12 hours, a heating rate in the sintering is in a range from 1 ℃ / min to 8 ℃ / min, an atmosphere of sintering is air, nitrogen, or oxygen.
[0029] In some other embodiments, the sintering includes a first sintering stage and a second sintering stage.
[0030] In some embodiments, the first sintering stage is at a temperature in a range from 900 ℃ to 950 ℃ and persists for 8 hours to 12 hours, a heating rate to the first sintering stage is in a range from 1 ℃ / min to 8 ℃ / min, an atmosphere of sintering in the first sintering stage is air, nitrogen, or oxygen; and the second sintering stage is at a temperature in a range from 700 ℃ to 725 ℃ and persists for 4 hours to 8 hours, a cooling rate to the second sintering stage is in a range from 0.5 ℃ / min to 3.0 ℃ / min, an atmosphere of sintering in the second sintering stage is air, nitrogen, or oxygen.
[0031] In some embodiments, the lithium source includes lithium hydroxide, lithium carbonate, and a combination thereof.
[0032] In some embodiments, the M-containing compound includes one or more M-containing oxides.
[0033] In some embodiments, an average particle size D50 of the manganese-based precursor is in a range from 3 μm to 12 μm.
[0034] In some embodiments, a molar ratio of Li, Ni, and Mn in the lithium source and the manganese-based precursor satisfies Li / (Ni+Mn) being in a range from 1.30 to 1.40, and in some further embodiments, Li / (Ni+Mn) being in a range from 1.32 to 1.40.
[0035] A positive electrode foil includes the lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material as described above, and / or the lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material prepared by the method as described above.
[0036] A lithium-ion battery includes the positive electrode foil as described above.
[0037] An electrical device includes the lithium-ion battery as described above.
[0038] Details of one or more embodiments of the present disclosure are set forth in the accompanying drawings and description below. Other features, objects, and advantages of the present disclosure will become apparent from the description, drawings, and claims.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0039] In order to illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure or conventional technology more clearly, the drawings used in the embodiments or the conventional technology will be briefly described below. Apparently, the drawings described below are merely for the embodiments of the present disclosure. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the disclosed drawings without any creative effort.
[0040] FIG. 1 shows a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) image of a positive electrode active material provided in Example 1.
[0041] FIG. 2 shows is a FE-SEM image of a positive electrode active material provided in Comparative Example 1.
[0042] FIG. 3 shows X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of positive electrode active materials provided in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0043] The technical solutions according to the embodiments of the present disclosure will be described more clearly and comprehensively below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings for the embodiments of the present disclosure. Apparently, the embodiments described herein are only part of, not all of the embodiments of the present disclosure. Base on the embodiments of the present disclosure, other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present disclosure.
[0044] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present disclosure pertains. The terms used in the specification of the present disclosure herein are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit the present disclosure.
[0045] The terms “first” and “second” are used for descriptive purposes only, which cannot be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance, or implicitly specifying the number of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with “first” and “second” may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the present disclosure, “a plurality of” means at least two, such as two or three, unless otherwise defined explicitly and specifically.
[0046] Unless specifically stated in the present disclosure, the execution of method steps is not strictly limited in order, and these steps may be executed in other orders. In addition, at least part of the steps described herein may include a plurality of sub-steps or stages. These sub-steps or stages are not necessarily executed at the same time, but may be executed at different times. The execution of these sub-steps or stages is not necessarily performed sequentially, but may be performed alternately with other steps or at least a part of the sub-steps or stages of other steps.
[0047] The terms “comprise” , “include” , and “contain” used in the present disclosure are synonyms, which are inclusive or open-ended and are not intended to exclude additional and unrecited members, elements, or method steps. In the present disclosure, in an open-ended description of technical features, a closed technical solution consisting of the listed features is included, as well as an open-ended technical solution including the listed features.
[0048] In the present disclosure, when a numerical interval (i.e., a numerical range) is mentioned, unless otherwise specified, the distribution of suitable values in the numerical interval is considered as being continuous, and includes two numerical endpoints (i.e., the minimum and maximum values) as well as every value between the two numerical endpoints. The “values” in the numerical interval can be any quantitative values, such as numbers, percentage, and ratios. The term “numerical interval” broadly encompasses types of numerical intervals, such as percentage intervals, proportion intervals, and ratio intervals. Unless otherwise specified, when the numerical interval refers to only integers in the numerical interval, the two end integers of the numerical interval and every integer between the two end integers are included. When multiple numerical ranges are provided to describe a feature or characteristic, these numerical ranges can be combined. In other words, unless otherwise indicated, the numerical ranges disclosed in the present disclosure should be understood to encompass any and all subranges included therein.
[0049] In the present disclosure, when an amount in percentage is mentioned, unless otherwise specifically stated, it refers to mass percentage for both a solid-liquid mixture and a solid-solid mixture, and refers to volume percentage for a liquid-liquid mixture. In the present disclosure, when a concentration in percentage is mentioned, unless otherwise specifically stated, it always refers to the final concentration, referring to the proportion of the added component in a system after adding that component. In the present disclosure, when a temperature parameter is mentioned, unless otherwise specifically stated, not only a thermostatic process but also a variation within a certain temperature interval is allowed. The thermostatic process allows for temperature fluctuations within the accuracy range of the instrument.
[0050] The terms “optionally” , “optional” , and “may” indicate that the specified features can be present or absent, indicating a choice between two parallel solutions of “having” or “not having” . If there are more than one “optional” in a technical solution, without otherwise specified and without contradictions or mutual constraints, each “optional” choice is considered independently.
[0051] In the present disclosure, unless otherwise specified, the pore size of materials is determined by a gas adsorption method and the average particle size (D50) is determined by using a laser diffraction particle size analyzer.
[0052] At present, it is generally believed in the industry that the positive electrode material (1-x) Li2MnO3·xLiAO2 is a solid solution structure formed by monoclinic Li2MnO3 and a layered crystal structure LiAO2. It was found by the inventors through research that when the material voltage rises to 4.45 V or above, the Li2MnO3 phase of the positive electrode material is activated, the anion redox brings an increase in capacity, but also leads to irreversible oxygen release and migration of transition metal ions, gradually generating a phase transition from the surface to the bulk phase, and further leading to a decrease in battery cycling performance.
[0053] In view of the above issues, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material, including a base material and a coating layer coated on at least a part of a surface of the base material. The base material contains a manganese-based positive electrode active material, and the manganese-based positive electrode active material is represented by a chemical formula of (1-x) Li2MnO3·xLiNiaMnbMcO2, where 0.60<x<0.70, a>0, b>0, a+b=1, 0≤c<0.02, and M is a metal element. The coating layer contains an aluminosilicate molecular sieve.
[0054] According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, a thin coating layer is formed on a surface of the manganese-based positive electrode active material by coating the surface of the material with the aluminosilicate molecular sieve at a low temperature. Based on the adsorption characteristics of the aluminosilicate molecular sieve, the coating layer can adsorb a trace amount of water in an electrolyte to reduce the formation of side reaction products of the electrolyte and the like. Furthermore, the coating layer can also alleviate the redox of lattice oxygen in the manganese-based positive electrode active material and inhibit the release of the lattice oxygen. Moreover, the coating layer can also inhibit the migration of transition metal ions, especially Ni and Mn. Under the combined action of the above mechanisms, the redox kinetics of the electrode is improved, effectively improving the charge-discharge capacity, initial coulombic efficiency, rate performance, and cycling performance of batteries at a high voltage. Therefore, the comprehensive electrochemical performance of the lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material can be improved by coating layer the aluminosilicate molecular sieve on the surface of the manganese-based positive electrode active material at a low temperature.
[0055] It should be understood that it is not exclude from the technical solutions of the present disclosure that the base material and / or the coating layer further includes other materials, especially the base material further includes another positive electrode active material and / or the coating layer further includes another coating material.
[0056] In some embodiments, the lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material has a core-shell structure, wherein the base material is the core and the coating layer is the shell coated on the outer surface of the core.
[0057] In some embodiments, the base material mainly includes or consists of the manganese-based positive electrode active material represented by the chemical formula of (1-x) Li2MnO3·xLiNiaMnbMcO2, and the coating layer mainly includes or consists of the aluminosilicate molecular sieve.
[0058] In some embodiments, the aluminosilicate molecular sieve in the coating layer is coated directly on at least a part of a surface of the manganese-based positive electrode active material represented by the chemical formula of (1-x) Li2MnO3·xLiNiaMnbMcO2 in the base material.
[0059] In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the aluminosilicate molecular sieve to the manganese-based positive electrode active material is in a range from 1: 1000 to 10: 1000; for example, the mass ratio can be, but is not limited to, 1: 1000, 1.5: 1000, 2: 1000, 2.5: 1000, 3: 1000, 3.5: 1000, 4: 1000, 4.5: 1000, 5: 1000, 5.5: 1000, 6: 1000, 6.5: 1000, 7: 1000, 7.5: 1000, 8: 1000, 8.5: 1000, 9: 1000, 9.5: 1000, 10: 1000, or in a range between any two of the above-mentioned mass ratios. When the mass ratio of the aluminosilicate molecular sieve to the manganese-based cathode active material is within the above range, it is conducive to the aluminosilicate molecular sieve to exert its adsorption effect on molecular substances generated in the electrochemical process of the manganese-based positive electrode active material, alleviating the occurrence of adverse side reactions, and it can reduce or even avoid excessive blocking of normal electrochemical reactions.
[0060] In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the aluminosilicate molecular sieve to the manganese-based positive electrode active material is in a range from 2: 1000 to 5: 1000.
[0061] In some embodiments, the average particle size D50 of the base material is approximately in a range from 3 μm to 12 μm; for example, the average particle size can be, but is not limited to, 3 μm, 4 μm, 5 μm, 6 μm, 7 μm, 8 μm, 9 μm, 10 μm, 11 μm, 12 μm, or in a range between any two of the above-mentioned particle sizes. The average particle size D50 of the aluminosilicate molecular sieve is approximately in a range from several to hundreds of nanometers. The thickness of the coating layer formed by the aluminosilicate molecular sieve on the surface of manganese-based positive electrode active material is less than 1 μm, which has little influence on the average particle size of the lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode active material.
[0062] In some embodiments, the average particle size D50 of the lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode active material is approximately in a range from 3 μm to 12 μm; for example, the average particle size can be, but is not limited to, 3 μm, 4 μm, 5 μm, 6 μm, 7 μm, 8 μm, 9 μm, 10 μm, 11 μm, 12 μm, or in a range between any two of the above-mentioned particle sizes.
[0063] In the manganese-based positive electrode active material (1-x) Li2MnO3·xLiNiaMnbMcO2, Li2MnO3 and LiNiaMnbMcO2 can exist as two phases or a homogeneous solid solution.
[0064] In some embodiments, 0.32<1-x<0.40, i.e., 0.60<x<0.68; for example, x can be, but is not limited to, 0.6, 0.61, 0.62, 0.63, 0.64, 0.65, 0.66, 0.67 or 0.68.
[0065] In some embodiments, the M is selected from the group consisting of Nb, Ti, Zr, Fe, Cr, V, Zn, Al, Mo, Sn, Se, La, Ce, K, W, Ca, and combinations thereof. When the manganese-based positive electrode active material is doped with element M, a relatively strong M-O bond can be formed or a lattice spacing can be enlarged, thereby improving the stability, reversibility, and rate performance of the positive electrode active material.
[0066] In some embodiments, the average pore size of the aluminosilicate molecular sieve is in a range from 0.4 nm to 0.8 nm; for example, the average pore size can be, but is not limited to, 0.4 nm, 0.45 nm, 0.5 nm, 0.55 nm, 0.6 nm, 0.65 nm, 0.7 nm, 0.75 nm, 0.8 nm, or in a range between any two of the above-mentioned average pore sizes. Therefore, the aluminosilicate molecular sieve mainly adsorbs a trace amount of water and molecular substances containing manganese and oxygen in an electrochemical process, without preventing the normal transport of molecular substances containing lithium in the electrochemical process. In some embodiments, the aluminosilicate molecular sieve is a chabazite (CHA) type aluminosilicate molecular sieve. The CHA-type aluminosilicate molecular sieve is a porous aluminosilicate material with a CHA-type topological framework structure formed by self-assembly of silicon-oxygen tetrahedra and aluminum-oxygen tetrahedra. The CHA-type topological framework structure is characterized by the CHA cages formed by connecting double six-membered rings (d6r) via four-membered rings, and the cages are in communication through 8-membered ring (8mr) windows. In some embodiments, the aluminosilicate molecular sieve is a Na-containing chabazite (Na-CHA) type aluminosilicate molecular sieve, which is formed by further binding sodium ions to the chabazite aluminosilicate framework, thereby having a higher specific surface area and pore volume, thus being capable of adsorbing and storing large amounts of molecules, and having good thermal and chemical stabilities.
[0067] In some embodiments, the Na-CHA-type aluminosilicate molecular sieve is represented by a chemical formula of Na2O·Al2O3·ySiO2, where 25≤y≤45. y represents the molar ratio of silicon to aluminum in the Na-CHA-type aluminosilicate molecular sieve. When y is within the above range, the average pore size of the Na-CHA-type aluminosilicate molecular sieve can be controlled in a range from 0.4 nm to 0.8 nm, which is beneficial to further enhance the charge-discharge capacity, initial coulombic efficiency, rate performance and cycling performance of the battery at a high voltage, thereby improving the comprehensive electrochemical performance of the material.
[0068] In some embodiments, the molar ratio (y value) of silicon to aluminum in the Na-CHA-type aluminosilicate molecular sieve can be, but is not limited to, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, or in a range between any two of the above-mentioned values.
[0069] In some embodiments, the molar ratio (y value) of silicon to aluminum in the Na-CHA-type aluminosilicate molecular sieve further satisfies 30≤y≤40.
[0070] An embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a method for preparing a lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material. The method can be used for preparing the lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material as described above. The method includes the following steps:
[0071] mixing a base material with a coating agent to obtain a mixture, and then subjecting the mixture to heat treatment to obtain the lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material, wherein the base material includes a manganese-based positive electrode active material, and the manganese-based positive electrode active material is represented by a chemical formula of (1-x) Li2MnO3·xLiNiaMnbMcO2, where 0.60<x<0.70, a>0, b>0, a+b=1, 0≤c<0.02, and M is a metal element, and the coating agent includes an aluminosilicate molecular sieve.
[0072] The compositions, structures and properties of the aluminosilicate molecular sieve in the coating agent and the manganese-based positive electrode active material in the base material are as described above, and will not be repeatedly described in the method.
[0073] In some embodiments, a mass ratio of the aluminosilicate molecular sieve in the coating agent to the manganese-based positive electrode active material in the base material is in a range from 1: 1000 to 10: 1000. For example, the mass ratio can be, but is not limited to, 1: 1000, 1.5: 1000, 2: 1000, 2.5: 1000, 3: 1000, 3.5: 1000, 4: 1000, 4.5: 1000, 5: 1000, 5.5: 1000, 6: 1000, 6.5: 1000, 7: 1000, 7.5: 1000, 8: 1000, 8.5: 1000, 9: 1000, 9.5: 1000, 10: 1000, or in a range between any two of the above-mentioned mass ratios. As a result, a thin coating layer is formed on the surface of the base material, which is conducive to the aluminosilicate molecular sieve to exert its adsorption effect on molecular substances generated in the electrochemical process of the manganese-based positive electrode active material, alleviating the occurrence of adverse side reactions, and also can reduce or even avoid excessive blocking of normal electrochemical reactions
[0074] In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the aluminosilicate molecular sieve to the manganese-based positive electrode active material is in a range from 2: 1000 to 5: 1000; for example, the ratio can be, but is not limited to, 2: 1000, 2.5: 1000, 3: 1000, 3.5: 1000, 4: 1000, 4.5: 1000, 5: 1000, or in a range between any two of the above-mentioned ratios.
[0075] It can be understood that the base material and / or the coating layer can further include other materials which should not be in an amount such that they become major components, thereby avoiding affecting the coating of the manganese-based positive electrode active material with the aluminosilicate molecular sieve.
[0076] In some embodiments, the mixing of the base material with the coating agent includes mechanical mixing.
[0077] In some embodiments, a rotation speed of the mechanical mixing is in a range from 180 r / min to 220 r / min; for example, the rotation speed can be, but is not limited to, 180 r / min, 185 r / min, 190 r / min, 195 r / min, 200 r / min, 205 r / min, 210 r / min, 215 r / min, 220 r / min, or in a range between any two of the above-mentioned rotation speeds.
[0078] In some embodiments, the time period for the mechanical mixing is in a range from 15 min to 30 min; for example, the time period can be, but is not limited to, 15 min, 16 min, 17 min, 18 min, 19 min, 20 min, 21 min, 22 min, 23 min, 24 min, 25 min, 26 min, 27 min, 28 min, 29 min, 30 min, or in a range between any two of the above-mentioned time periods.
[0079] The rotation speed and the time period of the mechanical mixing within the above ranges are conducive to uniform coating the coating agent onto the surface of the base material.
[0080] It should be noted that the rotation speed and time period of the mechanical mixing can be combined in any suitable manner, and both can be selected from the rotation speeds and the time periods of the mechanical mixing described herein, respectively.
[0081] Through the heat treatment, the aluminosilicate molecular sieve and the manganese-based positive electrode active material can be bonded together and have an ion exchange, forming a stable coating layer of the aluminosilicate molecular sieve on the surface of the manganese-based positive electrode active material.
[0082] In some embodiments, the temperature of the heat treatment is in a range from 400 ℃ to 500 ℃; for example, the temperature can be, but is not limited to, 400 ℃, 410 ℃, 420 ℃, 430 ℃, 440 ℃, 450 ℃, 460 ℃, 470 ℃, 480 ℃, 490 ℃, 500 ℃, or in a range between any two of the above-mentioned temperatures. The temperature of the heat treatment within the above range allows the aluminosilicate molecular sieve to be formed into a coating layer structure on the surface of the manganese-based positive electrode active material, while not rendering the molecular sieve to lose the adsorption effect due to changing the pore size structure of the molecular sieve.
[0083] In some embodiments, the time period of the heat treatment is in a range from 4 h to 6 h; for example, the time period can be, but is not limited to, 4 h, 4.5 h, 5 h, 5.5 h, 6 h, or in a range between any two of the above-mentioned time periods.
[0084] It should be noted that the temperature and time period of the heat treatment can be combined in any suitable manner, and both can be selected from the temperatures and time periods of the heat treatment described herein, respectively.
[0085] In some embodiments, the heat treatment may be performed in air or in a protective atmosphere, which can be an inert atmosphere or an oxidizing atmosphere, such as nitrogen or oxygen.
[0086] In some embodiments, the manganese-based positive electrode active material is prepared by a method including: mixing a manganese-based precursor with a lithium source to obtain a mixed material and sintering the mixed material, or mixing the manganese-based precursor, the lithium source, and an M-containing compound together to obtain a mixed material and sintering the mixed material, wherein a chemical formula of the manganese-based precursor is NimMnn (OH) 2 or NimMnnCO3, where n>0, 0.25<m<0.45, and m+n=1.
[0087] In some embodiments, the temperature of the sintering is in a range from 900 ℃to 950 ℃; for example, the temperature can be, but is not limited to, 900 ℃, 905 ℃, 910 ℃, 915 ℃, 920 ℃, 925 ℃, 930 ℃, 935 ℃, 940 ℃, 945 ℃, 950 ℃, or in a range between any two of the above-mentioned temperatures.
[0088] In some embodiments, the time period of the sintering is in a range from 8 h to 12 h; for example, the time can be, but is not limited to, 8 h, 8.5 h, 9 h, 9.5 h, 10 h, 10.5 h, 11 h, 11.5 h, 12 h, or in a range between any two of the above-mentioned times.
[0089] In some embodiments, the heating rate of the sintering is in a range from 1 ℃ / min to 8 ℃ / min; for example, the heating rate can be, but is not limited to, 1 ℃ / min, 2 ℃ / min, 3 ℃ / min, 4 ℃ / min, 5 ℃ / min, 6 ℃ / min, 7 ℃ / min, 8 ℃ / min, or in a range between any two of the above-mentioned heating / cooling rates.
[0090] In some embodiments, the atmosphere of the sintering is air, oxygen, or nitrogen.
[0091] It should be noted that the temperature, time period, and heating rate of the sintering can be combined in any suitable manner, and can be selected from the temperatures, time periods, and heating rates of the sintering described herein, respectively.
[0092] In some embodiments, the sintering includes a first sintering stage and a second sintering stage.
[0093] It should be noted that, in the present disclosure, the terms “first” , “second” , and the like in the “first sintering stage” , “second sintering stage” and the like are merely for description purposes, and neither can be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or quantity, nor can be construed as implicitly indicating importance or quantity of the indicated technical features. Moreover, “first” , “second” and the like are merely for the purpose of non-exhaustive enumeration and description, and it should be understood that they do not constitute a closed limitation of the number.
[0094] In some embodiments, the temperature of the first sintering stage is in a range from 900 ℃ to 950 ℃; for example, the temperature can be, but is not limited to, 900 ℃, 905 ℃, 910 ℃, 915 ℃, 920 ℃, 925 ℃, 930 ℃, 935 ℃, 940 ℃, 945 ℃, 950 ℃, or in a range between any two of the above-mentioned temperatures.
[0095] In some embodiments, the time period of the first sintering stage is in a range from 8 h to 12 h; for example, the time period can be, but is not limited to, 8 h, 8.5 h, 9 h, 9.5 h, 10 h, 10.5 h, 11 h, 11.5 h, 12 h, or in a range between any two of the above-mentioned times.
[0096] In some embodiments, the heating rate to the first sintering stage is in a range from 1 ℃ / min to 8 ℃ / min; for example, the heating rate can be, but is not limited to, 1 ℃ / min, 2 ℃ / min, 3 ℃ / min, 4 ℃ / min, 5 ℃ / min, 6 ℃ / min, 7 ℃ / min, 8 ℃ / min, or in a range between any two of the above-mentioned heating rates.
[0097] In some embodiments, the atmosphere for the sintering in the first sintering stage is air, oxygen, or nitrogen.
[0098] It should be understood that the temperature, time period, and heating rate of the first sintering stage can be combined in any suitable manner, and can be selected from the first sintering stage temperatures, time periods, and heating rates described herein, respectively.
[0099] In some embodiments, the temperature of the second sintering stage is in a range from 700 ℃ to 725 ℃; for example, the temperature can be, but is not limited to, 700 ℃, 705 ℃, 710 ℃, 715 ℃, 720 ℃, 725 ℃, or in a range between any two of the above-mentioned temperatures.
[0100] In some embodiments, the time period of the second sintering stage is in a range from 4 h to 8 h; for example, the time period can be, but is not limited to, 4 h, 4.5 h, 5 h, 5.5 h, 6 h, 6.5 h, 7 h, 7.5 h, 8 h, or in a range between any two of the above-mentioned time periods.
[0101] In some embodiments, the cooling rate to the second sintering stage is in range from 0.5 ℃ / min to 3 ℃ / min; for example, the cooling rate can be, but is not limited to, 0.5 ℃ / min, 0.6 ℃ / min, 1.0 ℃ / min, 1.5 ℃ / min, 2.0 ℃ / min, 2.5 ℃ / min, 3.0 ℃ / min, or in a range between any two of the above-mentioned cooling rates.
[0102] In some embodiments, the atmosphere for the sintering in the second sintering stage is air, oxygen, or nitrogen.
[0103] It should be noted that the temperature, time period, and cooling rate of the second sintering stage can be combined in any suitable manner, and can be selected from any of the temperatures, time periods, and cooling rates of the second sintering stage described herein, respectively.
[0104] The sintering can be carried out in two stages, firstly the first sintering stage at which the temperature is controlled to be in a range from 900 ℃ to 950 ℃, and then the second sintering stage at which the temperature is controlled to be in a range from 700 ℃ to 725 ℃. The high-temperature sintering in the first sintering stage can ensure that the precursor quickly and sufficiently react with the lithium source material to form a manganese-based positive electrode active material structure, and the annealing process in the second sintering stage can avoid the performance deterioration of the material due to the continuous release of active oxygen from the material under the high-temperature condition after the reaction is completed.
[0105] In some embodiments, the lithium source includes lithium hydroxide, lithium carbonate, and a combination thereof.
[0106] In some embodiments, the M-containing compound includes one or more M-containing oxides.
[0107] In some embodiments, the average particle size D50 of the manganese-based precursor is in a range from 3 μm to 12 μm. For example, the average particle size D50 of the manganese-based precursor can be, but is not limited to, 3 μm, 4 μm, 5 μm, 6 μm, 7 μm, 8 μm, 9 μm, 10 μm, 11 μm, 12 μm, or in a range between any two of the above-mentioned particle sizes.
[0108] In some embodiments, a molar ratio of Li, Ni, and Mn in the lithium source and the manganese-based precursor satisfies Li / (Ni+Mn) being in a range from 1.32 to 1.40.
[0109] In some embodiments, a method for preparing a lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material includes the following steps:
[0110] mixing a manganese-based precursor with a lithium source to obtain a mixed material and sintering the mixed material, or mixing the manganese-based precursor, the lithium source, and an M-containing compound together to obtain a mixed material and sintering the mixed material, thereby obtaining a manganese-based positive electrode active material with a chemical formula of (1-x) Li2MnO3·xLiNiaMnbMcO2, where 0.60<x<0.70, a>0, b>0, a+b=1, 0≤c<0.02, and M is a metal element, and a chemical formula of the manganese-based precursor is NimMnn (OH) 2 or NimMnnCO3, where n>0, 0.25<m<0.45, and m+n=1; and
[0111] mixing a base material including the manganese-based positive electrode active material with a coating agent to obtain a mixture, and then subjecting the mixture to heat treatment to obtain the lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material, the coating agent including an aluminosilicate molecular sieve.
[0112] An embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a positive electrode foil, the positive electrode foil includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer located on at least one side of the positive electrode current collector, and the positive electrode active material layer includes at least one selected from the lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode materials as described above and the lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material prepared by the method as described above.
[0113] The positive electrode foil includes the lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material as described above, and has a relatively high charge-discharge capacity, a relatively high initial coulombic efficiency, and an excellent rate performance.
[0114] In some embodiments, the positive electrode current collector has two surfaces facing each other in the thickness direction of the positive electrode current collector, and the positive electrode active material layer is disposed on either or both of the two surfaces facing each other in the positive electrode current collector.
[0115] In some embodiments, the positive electrode current collector can be a metal foil or a composite current collector. For example, aluminum foil can be used as the metal foil. The composite current collector can include a polymer material base layer and a metal layer formed on at least one surface of the polymer material base layer. The composite current collector can be obtained by forming a metal material on a polymer material base layer. In the positive electrode current collector, non-limiting examples of a material of the polymer material base layer can include such as polypropylene (PP) , polyethylene terephthalate (PET) , polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) , polystyrene (PS) , polyethylene (PE) , and combinations thereof.
[0116] An embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a lithium-ion battery including the above-mentioned positive electrode foil.
[0117] The lithium-ion battery includes the above-mentioned positive electrode foil, which also has a relatively high charge-discharge capacity, a relatively high initial coulombic efficiency, and an excellent rate performance.
[0118] An embodiment of the present disclosure further provides an electrical device including the above-mentioned lithium-ion battery. The lithium-ion battery can be used as a power source for the electrical device or as an energy storage unit for the electrical device. The electrical device can be, but is not limited to, a mobile device, an electric vehicle, an electric train, a ship, a satellite, an energy storage system, or the like. The mobile device can be, for example, a mobile phone, a notebook computer or the like. The electric vehicle can be, for example, but is not limited to, a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle, a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, an electric bicycle, an electric scooter, an electric golf cart, an electric truck or the like.
[0119] Hereinafter, the embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail in conjunction with examples. It should be understood that these examples are merely for illustration of the present disclosure and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Experimental methods for which specific conditions are not specified in the following examples, primarily refer to the guidelines given in the present disclosure, or can be in accordance with experimental manuals or conventional conditions in the art, or can be in accordance with conditions suggested by manufacturers, or can refer to experimental methods known in the art. The raw materials referred to in the following examples can be commercially available, unless otherwise specified, and the instruments used can be commercially available, unless otherwise specified.
[0120] In the specific examples described below, the measurement parameters relating to components of the raw materials can have slight deviations within the ranges of weighing accuracy unless otherwise specified. Temperature and time parameters mentioned herein allow acceptable deviations caused by test accuracy or operational accuracy of the instruments.
[0121] 1. Preparation method
[0122] Example 1
[0123] Step S1: A precursor Ni0.34Mn0.66 (OH) 2, lithium carbonate, and an impurity amount of TiO2 are mixed uniformly in a mixing tank to obtain a mixed material, where a molar ratio of Li / (Ni+Mn) is 1.38. In an air atmosphere, the mixed material is heated to a temperature of 900 ℃ at a rate of 4 ℃ / min, sintered at 900 ℃ for 10 h, then cooled to a temperature of 700 ℃ at a rate of 2 ℃ / min, and then sintered at 700 ℃ for 4 h. The sintered product is sieved to obtain a base material containing a positive electrode active material 0.38Li2MnO3·0.62LiNi0.55Mn0.45Ti0.005O2.
[0124] Step S2: The base material obtained in step S1 and a Na-CHA-type aluminosilicate molecular sieve Na2O·Al2O3·35SiO2 are introduced into a mixing tank at a mass ratio of 1000: 2 and subjected to mechanical mixing for 25 min at a rotation speed of 220 r / min.
[0125] Step S3: In an air atmosphere, the mixture obtained in step S2 is subjected to heat treatment at a temperature of 400 ℃ for 5h. After the heat treatment, the resulting product is cooled and sieved to obtain the lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material.
[0126] Example 2
[0127] Step S1: Aprecursor Ni0.35Mn0.65CO3, lithium carbonate, and an impurity amount of Nb2O5 are mixed uniformly in a mixing tank to obtain a mixed material, where a molar ratio of Li / (Ni+Mn) is 1.40. In an air atmosphere, the mixed material is heated to a temperature of 930 ℃ at a rate of 4 ℃ / min, sintered at 930 ℃ for 8 h, then cooled to a temperature of 700 ℃ at a rate of 3 ℃ / min, and then sintered at 700 ℃ for 6 h. The sintered product is sieved to obtain a base material containing a positive electrode active material 0.40Li2MnO3·0.60LiNi0.58Mn0.42Ti0.004O2.
[0128] Step S2: The base material obtained in step S1 and a Na-CHA-type aluminosilicate molecular sieve Na2O·Al2O3·25SiO2 are introduced into a mixing tank at a mass ratio of 1000: 2 and subjected to mechanical mixing for 25 min at a rotation speed of 220 r / min.
[0129] Step S3: In an oxygen atmosphere, the mixture obtained in step S2 is subjected to heat treatment at a temperature of 450 ℃ for 4h. After the heat treatment, the resulting product is cooled and sieved to obtain the lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material.
[0130] Example 3
[0131] Step S1: A precursor Ni0.39Mn0.61 (OH) 2, lithium hydroxide, and an impurity amount of ZnO are mixed uniformly in a mixing tank to obtain a mixed material, where a molar ratio of Li / (Ni+Mn) is 1.33. In an oxygen atmosphere, the mixed material is heated to a temperature of 910 ℃ at a rate of 4 ℃ / min, sintered at 910 ℃ for 9 h, then cooled to a temperature of 705 ℃ at a rate of 2 ℃ / min, and then sintered at 705 ℃ for 5 h. The sintered product is sieved to obtain a base material containing a positive electrode active material 0.33Li2MnO3·0.67LiNi0.58Mn0.42Zn0.01O2.
[0132] Step S2: The base material obtained in step S1 and a Na-CHA-type aluminosilicate molecular sieve Na2O·Al2O3·45SiO2 are introduced into a mixing tank at a mass ratio of 1000: 2 and subjected to mechanical mixing for 25 min at a rotation speed of 220 r / min.
[0133] Step S3: In an air atmosphere, the mixture obtained in step S2 is subjected to heat treatment at a temperature of 415 ℃ for 6h. After the heat treatment, the resulting product is cooled and sieved to obtain the lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material.
[0134] Example 4
[0135] Step S1: A precursor Ni0.33Mn0.67CO3, lithium carbonate, and an impurity amount of Nb2O5 are mixed uniformly in a mixing tank to obtain a mixed material, where a molar ratio of Li / (Ni+Mn) is 1.39. In an oxygen atmosphere, the mixed material is heated to a temperature of 900 ℃ at a rate of 6 ℃ / min, sintered at 900 ℃ for 8 h, then cooled to a temperature of 700 ℃ at a rate of 1.5 ℃ / min, and then sintered at 700 ℃ for 4 h. The sintered product is sieved to obtain a base material containing a positive electrode active material 0.39Li2MnO3·0.61LiNi0.54Mn0.46Nb0.002O2.
[0136] Step S2: The base material obtained in step S1 and a Na-CHA-type aluminosilicate molecular sieve Na2O·Al2O3·35SiO2 are introduced into a mixing tank at a mass ratio of 1000: 3 and subjected to mechanical mixing for 25 min at a rotation speed of 220 r / min.
[0137] Step S3: In an air atmosphere, the mixture obtained in step S2 is subjected to heat treatment at a temperature of 500 ℃ for 5h. After the heat treatment, the resulting product is cooled and sieved to obtain the lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material.
[0138] Example 5
[0139] Step S1: A precursor Ni0.34Mn0.66CO3, lithium carbonate, and an impurity amount of TiO2 are mixed uniformly in a mixing tank to obtain a mixed material, where a molar ratio of Li / (Ni+Mn) is 1.38. In an oxygen atmosphere, the mixed material is heated to a temperature of 945 ℃ at a rate of 2 ℃ / min, and sintered at 945 ℃ for 12 h, then cooled to a temperature of 710 ℃ at a rate of 2 ℃ / min, and then sintered at 710 ℃ for 8 h. The sintered product is sieved to obtain a base material containing a positive electrode active material 0.38Li2MnO3·0.62LiNi0.55Mn0.45Ti0.0025O2.
[0140] Step S2: The base material obtained in step S1 and a Na-CHA-type aluminosilicate molecular sieve Na2O·Al2O3·35SiO2 are introduced into a mixing tank at a mass ratio of 1000: 8 and subjected to mechanical mixing for 25 min at a rotation speed of 220 r / min.
[0141] Step S3: In an air atmosphere, the mixture obtained in step S2 is subjected to heat treatment at a temperature of 480 ℃ for 5 h. After the heat treatment, the resulting product is cooled and sieved to obtain the lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material.
[0142] Example 6
[0143] Step S1: A precursor Ni0.34Mn0.66CO3, lithium carbonate, and an impurity amount of TiO2 are mixed uniformly in a mixing tank to obtain a mixed material, where a molar ratio of Li / (Ni+Mn) is 1.38. In an air atmosphere, the mixed material is heated to a temperature of 900 ℃ at a rate of 4 ℃ / min, sintered at 900 ℃ for 8 h, then cooled to a temperature of 700 ℃ at a rate of 1 ℃ / min, and then sintered at 700 ℃ for 4 h. The sintered product is sieved to obtain a base material containing a positive electrode active material 0.38Li2MnO3·0.62LiNi0.55Mn0.45Ti0.002O2.
[0144] Step S2: The base material obtained in step S1 and a Na-CHA-type aluminosilicate molecular sieve Na2O·Al2O3·35SiO2 are introduced into a mixing tank at a mass ratio of 1000: 20 and subjected to mechanical mixing for 25 min at a rotation speed of 220 r / min.
[0145] Step S3: In an air atmosphere, the mixture obtained in step S2 is subjected to heat treatment at a temperature of 415 ℃ for 6 h. After the heat treatment, the resulting product is cooled and sieved to obtain the lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material.
[0146] Example 7
[0147] Step S1: A precursor Ni0.39Mn0.61CO3, lithium carbonate, and an impurity amount of Nb2O5 are mixed uniformly in a mixing tank to obtain a mixed material, where a molar ratio of Li / (Ni+Mn) is 1.33. In an air atmosphere, the mixed material is heated to a temperature of 900 ℃ at a rate of 4 ℃ / min, sintered at 900 ℃ for 8 h, then cooled to a temperature of 700 ℃ at a rate of 2 ℃ / min, and then sintered at 700 ℃ for 4 h. The sintered product is sieved to obtain a base material containing a positive electrode active material 0.33Li2MnO3·0.67LiNi0.58Mn0.42Nb0.005O2.
[0148] Step S2: The base material obtained in step S1 and a Na-CHA-type aluminosilicate molecular sieve Na2O·Al2O3·50SiO2 are introduced into a mixing tank at a mass ratio of 1000: 2 and subjected to mechanical mixing for 25 min at a rotation speed of 220 r / min.
[0149] Step S3: In an air atmosphere, the mixture obtained in step S2 is subjected to heat treatment at a temperature of 400 ℃ for 5 h. After the heat treatment, the resulting product is cooled and sieved to obtain the lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material.
[0150] Comparative Example 1
[0151] In Comparative Example 1, the preparation method does not include the coating with an aluminosilicate molecular sieve, and the preparation method is as follows:
[0152] A precursor Ni0.34Mn0.66 (OH) 2, lithium carbonate, and an impurity amount of TiO2 are mixed uniformly in a mixing tank to obtain a mixed material, where a molar ratio of Li / (Ni+Mn) is 1.38. In an oxygen atmosphere, the mixed material is heated to a temperature of 900 ℃ at a rate of 4 ℃ / min, sintered at 900 ℃ for 10 h, then cooled to a temperature of 700 ℃ at a rate of 2 ℃ / min, and then sintered at 700 ℃ for 4 h. The sintered product is sieved to obtain a base material containing a positive electrode active material 0.38Li2MnO3·0.62LiNi0.55Mn0.45Ti0.005O2, which is used as the lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material.
[0153] Comparative Example 2
[0154] In Comparative Example 2, the preparation method does not include the coating with an aluminosilicate molecular sieve, and the preparation method is as follows:
[0155] A precursor Ni0.33Mn0.67CO3 precursor, lithium carbonate, and an impurity amount of Nb2O5 are mixed uniformly in a mixing tank to obtain a mixed material, where a molar ratio of Li / (Ni+Mn) is 1.33. In an oxygen atmosphere, the mixed material is heated to a temperature of 910 ℃ at a rate of 4 ℃ / min, sintered at 910 ℃ for 9 h, then cooled to a temperature of 705 ℃ at a rate of 2 ℃ / min, and then sintered at 705 ℃ for 5 h. The sintered product is sieved to obtain a base material containing a positive electrode active material containing 0.33Li2MnO3·0.67LiNi0.49Mn0.51Nb0.002O2, which is used as the lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material.
[0156] Comparative Example 3
[0157] Step S1: A precursor Ni0.34Mn0.66CO3 precursor, lithium carbonate, and an impurity amount of ZnO are mixed uniformly in a mixing tank to obtain a mixed material, where a molar ratio of Li / (Ni+Mn) is 1.39. In an air atmosphere, the mixed material is heated to a temperature of 900 ℃ at a rate of 4 ℃ / min, sintered at 900 ℃ for 8 h, then cooled to a temperature of 700 ℃ at a rate of 1 ℃ / min, and then sintered at 700 ℃ for 4 h. The sintered product is sieved to obtain a base material containing a positive electrode active material 0.39Li2MnO3·0.61LiNi0.56Mn0.44Zn0.0025O2.
[0158] Step S2: The base material obtained in step S1 and CeO2 powder are introduced into a mixing tank at a mass ratio of 1000: 2 and subjected to mechanical mixing for 25 min at a rotation speed of 220 r / min. The average particle size D50 of the CeO2 powder is substantially the same as that of the aluminosilicate molecular sieves in the examples.
[0159] Step S3: In an air atmosphere, the mixture obtained in step S2 is subjected to heat treatment at a temperature of 480 ℃ for 5h. After the heat treatment, the resulting product is cooled and sieved to obtain the lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material.
[0160] 2. Material characterization
[0161] The positive electrode materials prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 are scanned with a field emission scanning electron microscope, and the results are shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, respectively. As can be seen from FIGS. 1 and 2, the surface of the positive electrode material prepared in Example 1 has a coating layer formed by the molecular sieve, while the surface of the positive electrode material prepared in Comparative Example 1 does not have a coating layer.
[0162] The positive electrode materials prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 are subjected to an X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and the results are shown in FIG. 3. As can be seen from FIG. 3, the positive electrode materials prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 both conform to the layered structure. In addition, no significant impurity phase is formed in the material prepared in Example 1, indicating that the aluminosilicate molecular sieve only forms a coating layer on the surface.
[0163] 3. Performance test
[0164] The positive electrode materials prepared in Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 are subjected to a full cell performance evaluation, and the specific method is as follows:
[0165] A method for preparing a pouch (soft-pack) lithium-ion battery in Example 1 is as follows:
[0166] Preparation of positive electrode foil: the positive electrode material prepared in Example 1, conductive carbon black, and binder are weighed at a mass ratio of 96.0: 2.0: 2.0, and introduced into a vacuum stirring tank. N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) as a solvent is added therein at an appropriate amount, and the materials are stirred until they are uniformly mixed to obtain a slurry. After that, the slurry is coated on both sides of aluminum foil, and then the foil is subjected to drying, rolling, and cutting to obtain the positive electrode foil.
[0167] Preparation of negative electrode foil: graphite and water-based binder styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) are weighed at a mass ratio of 97.0: 3.0, and introduced into a vacuum stirring tank. Deionized water is added therein at an appropriate amount, and the materials are stirred until they are uniformly mixed to obtain a slurry. After that, the slurry is coated on both sides of copper foil, and the foil is then subjected to drying, rolling, and cutting to obtain the negative electrode foil.
[0168] Preparation of the pouch lithium-ion battery: a polypropylene separator film, the positive electrode foil, and the negative electrode foil prepared as above are stacked, where the separator film is located between the positive electrode foil and the negative foil for separation. The stack is subjected to cold pressing and winding in sequence to obtain a bare battery cell. Subsequently, positive and negative electrode terminals are welded to the battery cell under the actions of certain air pressure, temperature and electric current. The battery cell is then subjected to heat sealing, baking, electrolyte filling, formation, secondary sealing, capacity grading, etc., thereby form the pouch lithium-ion battery, where the electrolyte is a carbonate ester solution of lithium hexafluorophosphate.
[0169] The methods for preparing the pouch lithium-ion batteries in Examples 2 to 7, and Comparative Examples 1 and 3 are the same as that in Example 1, respectively.
[0170] The method for preparing the pouch lithium-ion battery in Comparative Example 2 is substantially the same as the method for preparing the pouch lithium-ion battery in Example 1, and the difference is only in the preparation of the positive electrode foil. In Comparative Example 2, a Na-CHA-type aluminosilicate molecular sieve Na2O·Al2O3·35SiO2 is added in the preparation process of the positive electrode slurry. Specifically, the method for preparing the positive electrode foil in Comparative Example 2 is as follows:
[0171] Preparation of positive electrode foil: the positive electrode material prepared in Comparative Example 2, the Na-CHA-type aluminosilicate molecular sieve Na2O·Al2O3·35SiO2, conductive carbon black, and binder are weighed at a mass ratio of 95.81: 0.19: 2.0: 2.0, and introduced into a vacuum stirring tank, where a mass ratio of the Na-CHA-type aluminosilicate molecular sieve Na2O·Al2O3·35SiO2 to the positive electrode material is about 2: 1000. NMP as a solvent is added therein at an appropriate amount, and the materials are stirred until they are uniformly mixed to obtain a slurry. After that, the slurry is coated on both sides of aluminum foil, and then the foil is subjected to drying, rolling, and cutting to obtain the positive electrode foil.
[0172] The pouch lithium-ion batteries prepared in the above examples and comparative examples are subjected to full cell performance tests, and the test methods are as follows:
[0173] 0.1 C discharge capacity test: the pouch lithium-ion batteries are galvanostatically charged to 4.45 V at 0.1 C, then potentiostatically charged at 4.45 V until the current rate is less than 0.05 C, stood for 30 min, and then galvanostatically discharged to 2.5 V at 0.1 C.
[0174] 0.33 C discharge capacity test: the pouch lithium-ion batteries are galvanostatically charged to 4.45 V at 0.33 C, then potentiostatically charged at 4.45 V until the current rate is less than 0.05 C, stood for 30 min, and then galvanostatically discharged to 2.5 V at 0.33 C.
[0175] 0.5 C discharge capacity test: the pouch lithium-ion batteries are galvanostatically charged to 4.45 V at 0.5 C, then potentiostatically charged at 4.45 V until the current rate is less than 0.05 C, stood for 30 min, and then galvanostatically discharged to 2.5 V at 0.5 C.
[0176] Cycling performance test: the pouch lithium-ion batteries are galvanostatically charged to 4.45 V at 1 C, then potentiostatically charged at 4.45 V until the current rate is less than 0.05 C, stood for 30 min, and then galvanostatically discharged to 2.5 V at 1 C. This cycle is repeated 1000 times.
[0177] Gas production test:
[0178] 1. At room temperature, the pouch lithium-ion batteries are galvanostatically charged to 4.45 V at 1 C , and then potentiostatically charged at 4.45 V until the current rate is less than 0.05 C. The battery volumes are measured at room temperature and recorded as V0. The fully charged batteries are placed at 60 ℃ for 7 days, and the battery volumes on the 7th day at 60 ℃ are measured and recorded as V1.
[0179] 2. At 45 ℃, the pouch lithium-ion batteries are galvanostatically charged to 4.45 V at1 C, and then potentiostatically charged at 4.45 V until the current rate is less than 0.05 C. The fully charged batteries are placed at 60 ℃ for 7 days, and the battery volumes on the 14th day calculated from the beginning of the gas production test are measured at 60 ℃ and recorded as V2.
[0180] 3. At 45 ℃, the pouch lithium-ion batteries are galvanostatically charged to 4.45 V at 1 C, and then potentiostatically charged at 4.45 V until the current rate is less than 0.05 C. The fully charged batteries are placed at 60 ℃ for 7 days, and the battery volumes on the 21st day calculated from the beginning of the gas production test are measured at 60 ℃ and recorded as V3.
[0181] 4. At 45 ℃, the pouch lithium-ion batteries are galvanostatically charged to 4.45 V at 1 C, and then potentiostatically charged at 4.45 V until the current rate is less than 0.05 C. The fully charged batteries are placed at 60 ℃ for 7 days, and the battery volumes on the 28th day calculated from the beginning of the gas production test are measured at 60 ℃ and recorded as V4.
[0182] The test results of the batteries in the Examples and Comparative Examples are shown in Table 1.
[0183] Table 1
[0184] From the result comparison of the batteries prepared in Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3, it can be seen that in the present disclosure, by forming the coating layer containing the Na-CHA-type aluminosilicate molecular sieve (Na2O·Al2O3·ySiO2, 25≤y≤45) on the surface of the base material through a temperature-controlled heat treatment, the redox kinetics of the electrode can be improved, thereby effectively improving the charge-discharge capacity, initial coulombic efficiency and rate performance of the batteries, and reduce gas production of the batteries. As such, the comprehensive electrochemical performance of the material can be improved.
[0185] Compared with the batteries in the examples of the present disclosure, the gas productions of the batteries in Comparative Examples 1 to 3 are in great quantities, especially the batteries in Comparative Examples 1 and 2 show a bulging phenomenon after being placed at 60 ℃ for 28 days. However, the batteries of Examples 1 to 7 of the present disclosure, especially the batteries in Examples 1 to 5 exhibit relatively good test results in the full cell performance tests and the gas production test, indicating that the lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode materials prepared in the examples of the present disclosure have an improved comprehensive electrochemical performance.
[0186] The technical features of the above-mentioned embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. In order to make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features are described in the embodiments. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, the combinations should be considered as in the scope of the present disclosure.
[0187] The above-described embodiments are only several implementations of the present disclosure, and the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present disclosure. It should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present disclosure, and all fall within the protection scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the patent protection of the present disclosure shall be defined by the appended claims.
Claims
1.A lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material comprising:(A) . a base material comprising a manganese-based positive electrode active material represented by a Formula of (1-x) Li2MnO3·xLiNiaMnbMcO2, where 0.60<x<0.70, a>0, b>0, a+b=1, 0≤c<0.02, and M is a metal element; and(B) . a coating layer coated on at least a part of a surface of the base material comprising an aluminosilicate molecular sieve.2.The lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material according to claim 1, wherein the aluminosilicate molecular sieve has a chabazite-type framework structure.3.The lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the aluminosilicate molecular sieve is a sodium-containing chabazite (Na-CHA) type aluminosilicate molecular sieve with a chemical formula of Na2O·Al2O3·ySiO2, where 25≤y≤45.4.The lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the average pore size of the aluminosilicate molecular sieve is in a range of from 0.4 nm to 0.8 nm.5.The lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the mass ratio of the aluminosilicate molecular sieve to the manganese-based positive electrode active material is in a range of from 1: 1000 to 10: 1000.6.The lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material satisfies at least one of the following features (1) to (4) :(1) 0.60<x<0.68;(2) M is at least one selected from a group consisting of Nb, Ti, Zr, Fe, Cr, V, Zn, Al, Mo, Sn, Se, La, Ce, K, W and Ca;(3) an average particle size D50 of the base material is in a range of from 3 μm to 12 μm; and(4) an average particle size D50 of the lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material is in a range of from 3 μm to 12 μm.7.A method for preparing a lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material, comprising steps of:(i) mixing a base material with a coating agent to obtain a mixture; and(ii) heating the mixture obtained from step (i) to obtain the lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material,wherein the base material comprises a manganese-based positive electrode active material represented by a Formula of (1-x) Li2MnO3·xLiNiaMnbMcO2, where 0.60<x<0.70, a>0, b>0, a+b=1, 0≤c<0.02, and M is a metal element, and the coating agent comprises an aluminosilicate molecular sieve.8.The method according to claim 7, wherein the mass ratio of the aluminosilicate molecular sieve to the manganese-based positive electrode active material is in a range of from 1: 1000 to 10: 1000.9.The method according to any one of claims 7 to 8, wherein the heat treatment is conducted at a temperature in a range of from 400 ℃ to 500 ℃ for a period of from 4 hours to 6 hours, with an atmosphere of air, nitrogen or oxygen.10.The method according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the manganese-based positive electrode active material is prepared by a method comprising steps of:(i) mixing a manganese-based precursor with a lithium source to obtain a mixed material; and (ii) sintering the mixed material, or(i) mixing the manganese-based precursor, the lithium source, and an M-containing compound together to obtain a mixed material; and(ii) sintering the mixed material,wherein the manganese-based precursor is represented by a Formula of NimMnn (OH) 2 or NimMnnCO3, where n>0, 0.25<m<0.45, and m+n=1,the first sintering stage is at a temperature in a range of from 900 ℃ to 950 ℃ for a period of from 8 hours to 12 hours, having a heating rate in a range of from 1 ℃ / min to 8 ℃ / min, with an atmosphere of air, nitrogen, or oxygen, andthe second sintering stage is at a temperature in a range of from 700 ℃ to 725 ℃ for a period of from 4 hours to 8 hours, having a cooling rate in a range of from 0.5 ℃ / min to 3.0 ℃ / min, with an atmosphere of air, nitrogen, or oxygen.11.The method according to any one of claims 7 to 10, wherein the molar ratio of Li in the lithium source and the sum of Ni and Mn in the manganese-based precursor is in a range of from 1.30 to 1.40.12.A positive electrode foil comprising the lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material according to any one of claims 1 to 6.13.A positive electrode foil comprising the lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material prepared by the method according to any one of claims 7 to 12.14.A lithium-ion battery comprising the positive electrode foil according to any one of claims 12 to 13.15.An electrical device comprising the lithium-ion battery according to claim 14.
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