Battery, battery system, and sensor

Abstract

A battery, a battery system, and a sensor. The battery comprises at least one battery cell. Each battery cell has a first surface and a second surface which are opposite to each other. The battery cell comprises: a first opening, formed in the first surface and communicated with the interior of the battery cell; a cover portion, covering the first surface, wherein an accommodation cavity is formed in the cover portion and a second opening is formed therein; a connection portion, at least part of which is accommodated in the accommodation cavity, wherein the connection portion is provided with a first through hole, the first through hole is communicated with the first opening and the second opening, the connection portion is provided with a second through hole, and the second through hole is communicated with the first through hole; a sensing portion, attached to the wall of the connection portion in which the first through hole is formed, wherein the projection of the second through hole falls within an area defined by the sensing portion; and an optical fiber, having a first end and a second end which are opposite to each other, wherein the first end is accommodated in the second through hole to emit a test optical signal to the sensing portion and receive a feedback optical signal, and the feedback optical signal is used for representing the pressure and / or the temperature of the battery cell. Thereby, safety monitoring of a single battery cell can be achieved.

Description

Battery, battery system and sensor TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of battery, in particular to a battery, a battery system and a sensor. BACKGROUND

[0002] In recent years, with the rapid development of the electrochemical energy storage market and the power battery market, battery thermal runaway fire and explosion has become the biggest pain point in the energy storage safety field, and safety hazards have become the biggest obstacle for industrial and commercial energy storage to cover densely populated urban core areas and commercial and service facilities.

[0003] At present, the early warning management system of the battery is mainly the battery management system (BMS, Battery Management System), which collects and analyzes the current, voltage and resistance of the whole battery (for example, a pack, a cluster, a stack, a station including a plurality of battery cells), and then evaluates the safety of the whole battery. However, the safety monitoring accuracy of the prior art for the battery is low, which causes safety hazards in use. SUMMARY

[0004] The technical problem solved by the present application is how to monitor the safety of a single battery cell.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the present application provides a battery, which comprises at least one battery cell, wherein each battery cell has opposite first and second faces along a first direction, and the battery cell comprises: a first opening formed in the first face and communicating with the inside of the battery cell; a cover portion covering the first face and covering at least the first opening, the cover portion forming a receiving cavity therein and having a second opening formed on the face opposite to the first face; a connecting portion, at least a part of the connecting portion being accommodated in the receiving cavity, the connecting portion having a first through hole extending along the first direction, the first through hole communicating with the first opening and the second opening, the connecting portion having a second through hole extending along a second direction, the second through hole communicating with the first through hole, wherein the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction; a sensing portion attached to the wall of the connecting portion forming the first through hole, the projection of the second through hole along the second direction falling within the area enclosed by the sensing portion; an optical fiber extending along a direction, the optical fiber having opposite first and second ends, wherein the first end is accommodated in the second through hole to emit a test light signal to the sensing portion and receive a feedback light signal, the feedback light signal being used to represent the pressure and / or temperature of the battery cell.

[0006] Optionally, the battery further comprises: an explosion-proof valve movably covering the side of the second opening away from the first opening, the explosion-proof valve being capable of being pushed open by the gas overflowing through the first through hole.

[0007] Optionally, the battery further comprises: a ferrule, sleeved on the first end of the optical fiber and accommodated in the second through hole, an outer surface of the ferrule and an inner wall of the second through hole are in close contact.

[0008] Optionally, the sensing part comprises: a base, in close contact with a wall of the first through hole formed by the connecting part; a diaphragm, disposed at an end of the base away from the optical fiber, a sealed cavity is formed between the base and the diaphragm, the diaphragm is adapted to generate a corresponding deformation according to a pressure change of the gas in the first through hole, and the feedback optical signal carries deformation information of the diaphragm.

[0009] Optionally, a high-reflectivity film is attached to a surface of the diaphragm facing the base.

[0010] Optionally, the base comprises: a plate part made of glass; a first ring part supported between the plate part and the diaphragm, the plate part, the first ring part, and the diaphragm collectively enclose the sealed cavity.

[0011] Optionally, a semi-transparent and semi-reflective film is attached to a surface of the plate part facing the diaphragm, the plate part is adapted to form a resonant cavity, and the feedback optical signal passing through the resonant cavity carries temperature information of the battery cell.

[0012] Optionally, the sensing part further comprises: a second ring part, disposed at a side of the diaphragm away from the first ring part, the diaphragm is clamped between the first ring part and the second ring part.

[0013] Optionally, a wall of the second ring part near the diaphragm has a thickness greater than a wall of the second ring part away from the diaphragm.

[0014] Optionally, the connecting part comprises: a connecting column, the first through hole and the second through hole are formed in the connecting column, an end of the connecting column away from the first surface is in close contact with the cover part; a connecting plate connected to an outer circumferential surface of the connecting column, the connecting plate is in close contact with the first surface and fixed to the first surface.

[0015] Optionally, in a plane perpendicular to the first direction, a cross-sectional area of the first through hole is smaller than an opening area of the first opening, and the connecting plate closes a portion of the first opening beyond the first through hole.

[0016] Optionally, the cover part is connected to the first surface through the connecting plate, and the accommodation cavity is collectively enclosed by the cover part and the connecting plate.

[0017] Optionally, the battery further comprises: a sealing structure, disposed between the connecting plate and the first surface, and / or disposed between the connecting column and the cover part.

[0018] Optionally, the battery further comprises a connector having opposite third and fourth ends, wherein the third end is configured to receive the second end of the optical fiber; and a coupler having opposite fifth and sixth ends, wherein the fifth end is coupled to the fourth end and the sixth end is configured to be pluggably connected to an optoelectronic device.

[0019] Optionally, the fifth end is received in the receiving cavity, and a third opening is formed in the sidewall of the cover portion to expose the sixth end.

[0020] To solve the above technical problems, the application further provides a battery system, comprising the battery described above; a transmitting module optically coupled to the optical fiber of each battery cell, the transmitting module being configured to transmit a test light signal to the optical fiber; and a signal processing module optically coupled to the optical fiber of each battery cell, the signal processing module being configured to receive a feedback light signal output by the optical fiber and obtain a detection result according to the feedback light signal, the detection result comprising temperature data and / or pressure data of the battery cell.

[0021] To solve the above technical problems, the application further provides a sensor for detecting the temperature and / or pressure of a battery cell, the battery cell having a first opening open in a first direction, the sensor comprising: a cover portion detachably arranged on an outer surface of the battery cell and covering at least the first opening, the cover portion having a second opening formed in a surface thereof facing the first direction, and a receiving cavity formed in the cover portion; a connecting portion, at least a portion of the connecting portion being received in the receiving cavity, the connecting portion having a first through hole extending in the first direction and connecting the first opening and the second opening, and a second through hole extending in a second direction and connecting the first through hole, the second direction being perpendicular to the first direction; and a sensing portion arranged on a wall of the connecting portion forming the first through hole, a projection of the second through hole in the second direction falling within an area enclosed by the sensing portion; and an optical fiber having opposite first and second ends, the first end being received in the second through hole to emit a test light signal to the sensing portion and receive a feedback light signal, the feedback light signal being used to represent the pressure and / or temperature of the battery cell.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the embodiment of the application has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] To solve the above technical problems, the embodiment of the present application provides a battery, which comprises at least one battery cell, wherein each battery cell has opposite first and second faces along a first direction, and the battery cell comprises: a first opening formed in the first face and communicating with the inside of the battery cell; a cover part covering the first face and covering at least the first opening, wherein a receiving cavity is formed in the cover part, and a second opening is formed in the face opposite to the first face; a connecting part, at least a part of the connecting part being accommodated in the receiving cavity, the connecting part being provided with a first through hole extending along the first direction, the first through hole communicating with the first opening and the second opening, and the connecting part being provided with a second through hole extending along a second direction, the second through hole communicating with the first through hole, wherein the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction; a sensing part attached to the wall of the connecting part forming the first through hole, and the projection of the second through hole along the second direction falling within the area surrounded by the sensing part; and an optical fiber having opposite first and second ends along an extension direction, wherein the first end is accommodated in the second through hole to emit a test light signal to the sensing part and receive a feedback light signal, and the feedback light signal is used to characterize the pressure and / or temperature of the battery cell.

[0024] By using the technical solution provided in the present application, the temperature and pressure of the gas in the first through hole are monitored or detected in real time, so that the temperature change and pressure change in the inside of each battery cell can be independently and accurately monitored or detected, and the safety of the entire battery system is improved. Even if one battery cell has a problem, it can be quickly located and appropriate measures can be taken to avoid affecting the performance of the entire battery pack.

[0025] Further, the technical solution of the present application does not need to change the original structure of the battery cell, but only needs to add a cover part, a connecting part, a sensing part and an optical fiber between the original battery cell and the explosion-proof valve, so that the working state of the battery cell can be effectively monitored without affecting the explosion-proof performance of the explosion-proof valve, and the applicability and reliability are high.

[0026] Further, the present application still retains the design of the explosion-proof valve, and the explosion-proof valve is movably covered on the side of the second opening away from the first opening. The explosion-proof valve can be used as the last means to prevent the battery cell from exploding, and the explosion-proof air duct of the explosion-proof valve reuses the first through hole. Therefore, the reliable monitoring of the safe working of the battery cell can be realized without affecting the explosion-proof performance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0027] Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a battery according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a battery cell in Fig. 1;

[0029] Fig. 3 is an exploded view of the battery cell in Fig. 2;

[0030] Fig. 4 is a sectional view of Fig. 2 along the direction of A-A;

[0031] Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the connecting part and the sensing part in Fig. 3;

[0032] Fig. 6 is an exploded view of the sensor in Fig. 2;

[0033] Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the cover part in Fig. 2;

[0034] Fig. 8 is a schematic view of the sensing part in Fig. 3;

[0035] Fig. 9 is a schematic view of a battery system according to an embodiment of the application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] As described in the background, the existing battery early warning management system (for example, the BMS system) through the minimum unit of the monitoring of the current and voltage at the level of the battery pack, cannot meet the safety requirements of the health management of each battery cell in the whole life cycle of the battery, and cannot involve the health status monitoring, prediction and management of each battery cell.

[0037] Specifically, through the investigation and analysis of the prior art, the inventors believe that in the prior art for judging the working abnormality of the battery through the current, voltage and the like, the current, voltage and the like belong to the lagging indirect signal processing and analysis, because once the battery works abnormally (caused by the abnormal electrochemical mechanism, etc.), the direct manifestation is the sharp rise of the gas pressure and temperature in the closed internal space of the battery cell, thereby affecting the output of the battery cell to the electricity. In various prior arts using sensors for monitoring, the health status monitoring, prediction and management of each battery cell cannot be involved. This leads to that in the application scenario of monitoring the temperature change of the battery with a large number of battery cells, the temperature obtained may be the average value of multiple battery cells. Even if it is determined that the battery is abnormal, further investigation to the specific battery cell is still needed, which is complex to operate. Moreover, other battery cells are also in a non-working state during the investigation process, which seriously affects the working efficiency.

[0038] In addition, there is also a scheme in the prior art that a single-point type electric measurement temperature sensor and a resistance film of the Wheatstone bridge principle are pasted on the outer surface of the battery cell to monitor the temperature and deformation (deformation of the surface of the battery cell caused by the change of the internal pressure of the battery cell) of the battery cell. Although this scheme has involved the monitoring of the battery cell, due to the electromagnetic environment, the signal-to-noise ratio is poor, the signal is easy to be disturbed, and the signal wire topology structure is more complex (multiple channel detection needs to be formed), and there is also a risk of "electricity" leakage, so it is difficult to popularize.

[0039] To solve the above technical problems, the application provides a battery, a battery system and a sensor, wherein the battery comprises at least one battery cell, wherein each battery cell has opposite first and second faces along a first direction, and the battery cell comprises: a first opening formed in the first face and communicating with the inside of the battery cell; a cover part covering the first face and covering at least the first opening, wherein a receiving cavity is formed in the cover part and a second opening is formed on the face opposite to the first face; a connecting part, at least a part of the connecting part is accommodated in the receiving cavity, the connecting part is provided with a first through hole extending along the first direction, the first through hole communicates with the first opening and the second opening, and the connecting part is provided with a second through hole extending along a second direction, the second through hole communicates with the first through hole, and the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction; a sensing part attached to the wall of the connecting part forming the first through hole, and the projection of the second through hole along the second direction falls within the area surrounded by the sensing part; and an optical fiber extending along a direction, the optical fiber has opposite first and second ends, wherein the first end is accommodated in the second through hole to emit a test light signal to the sensing part and receive a feedback light signal, and the feedback light signal is used to characterize the pressure and / or temperature of the battery cell.

[0040] By real-time monitoring or spot detection of the temperature and pressure of the gas in the first through hole, the temperature change and pressure change in the interior of each battery cell can be independently and accurately monitored or spot detected, and the safety of the entire battery is improved. Even if one battery cell has a problem, it can be quickly located and appropriate measures can be taken to avoid affecting the performance of the entire battery or battery pack.

[0041] Further, the technical solution of the application does not need to change the original structure of the battery cell, but only needs to add a cover part, a connecting part, a sensing part and an optical fiber between the original battery cell and the explosion-proof valve, which can realize effective monitoring of the working state of the battery cell without affecting the explosion-proof performance of the explosion-proof valve, has wide applicability and high reliability.

[0042] Further, the application still retains the design of the explosion-proof valve, and the explosion-proof valve is movably covered on the side of the second opening away from the first opening. The explosion-proof valve can be used as the last means to prevent the battery cell from exploding, and the explosion-proof air duct of the explosion-proof valve reuses the first through hole. Therefore, the application can realize reliable monitoring of the safe working of the battery cell without affecting the explosion-proof performance.

[0043] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific embodiments of the application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

[0044] Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a battery 100 according to an embodiment of the present application; Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an electric cell 10 in Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is an exploded view of the electric cell in Fig. 2; and Fig. 4 is a sectional view of Fig. 2 along the direction of A-A.

[0045] With reference to Figs. 1-4, the battery 100 comprises at least one electric cell 10, wherein each electric cell 10 has opposite first and second faces 101, 102 along a first direction D1. The electric cell 10 comprises a first opening 1 formed in the first face 101 and communicating an interior of the electric cell 10; a cover portion 2 covering at least the first opening 1 and formed with a receiving cavity 21 and a second opening 22 formed on a face opposite to the first face 101; a connecting portion 3 at least partially received in the receiving cavity 21 and formed with a first through hole 31 extending along the first direction D1 and communicating the first opening 1 and the second opening 22, and a second through hole 32 extending along a second direction D2 and communicating the first through hole 31, wherein the second direction D2 is perpendicular to the first direction D1; a sensing portion 4 attached to a wall of the connecting portion 3 forming the first through hole 31, and a projection of the second through hole 32 along the second direction D2 falls within an area surrounded by the sensing portion 4; and an optical fiber 5 having opposite first and second ends 51, 52 along an extending direction, wherein the first end 51 is received in the second through hole 32 to emit a test light signal to the sensing portion 4 and receive a feedback light signal for representing a pressure and / or a temperature of the electric cell 10.

[0046] For example, the first direction D1 can be a direction in which the first opening 1 points to the second opening 22. For example, the second direction D2 can be a direction in which an exterior of the first through hole 31 points to an interior of the first through hole 31.

[0047] Specifically, with reference to Fig. 1, the battery 100 can comprise a housing 1001 defining a receiving space. Further, the at least one electric cell 10 can be received in the receiving space.

[0048] In some non-limiting embodiments, a plurality of electric cells 10 can be arranged in an array of multiple rows and multiple columns. For example, as shown in Fig. 1, the battery 100 can comprise 16 electric cells 10 and arranged in two rows. Each row can comprise 8 electric cells 10. Further, a separator 1002 can be arranged between adjacent electric cells 10.

[0049] In some embodiments, the separator 1002 can further be provided with a thermal insulation material. In this way, heat transfer between adjacent electric cells 10 can be organized, and a faulty high-temperature electric cell 10 can not affect adjacent electric cells 10.

[0050] Further, referring to FIG. 2, the battery cell 10 has opposite first and second faces 101 and 102 (not shown in the figure) along a first direction D1. An electrode 102 of the battery cell 10 is disposed on the first face 101, through which the battery cell 10 can be connected to a power supply circuit to supply power to an external power consuming device. In some embodiments, the electrode 102 can include, for example, an anode (corresponding to the electrode marked "+" in the figure, also referred to as a positive electrode) and a cathode (corresponding to the electrode marked "-" in the figure, also referred to as a negative electrode).

[0051] Further, in combination with FIGS. 2 to 4, the battery cell 10 includes a first opening 1 formed on the first face 101. Through the first opening 1, when the battery cell 10 is in an abnormal working state, gas generated inside the battery cell 10 or the battery cell 10 heated to expand can escape to the outside of the battery cell 10, effectively avoiding the occurrence of accidents such as explosion of the battery cell 10.

[0052] Further, each of the battery cells 10 is further provided with a sensor 300. The sensor 300 is used to monitor the pressure and / or temperature of the corresponding battery cell 10.

[0053] Further, the sensor 300 can include a cover portion 2 covering the first face 101.

[0054] In some embodiments, the cover portion 2 can be fixed to the first face 101 by a fixing member 104.

[0055] Further, the cover portion 2 covers the first opening 1. Moreover, the cover portion 2 is formed with a receiving cavity 21.

[0056] Further, the cover portion 2 is formed with a second opening 22 on a face thereof facing the first face 101. The second opening 22 is in communication with the first opening 1.

[0057] Further, the sensor 300 can further include a connecting portion 3, at least a portion of which is accommodated in the receiving cavity 21.

[0058] Further, the connecting portion 3 is formed with a first through hole 31. Along the first direction D1, the first through hole 31 is in communication with the first opening 1 and the second opening 22.

[0059] Further, the connecting portion 3 is further formed with a second through hole 32. The second through hole 32 extends along a second direction D2 perpendicular to the first direction D1. The second direction D2 is perpendicular to the first direction D1. Further, the second through hole 32 is in communication with the first through hole 31.

[0060] In some embodiments, the second through hole 32 is formed on the wall of the connecting part 3 forming the first through hole 31.

[0061] Further, the sensor 300 also comprises a sensing part 4 and an optical fiber 5.

[0062] In some embodiments, the sensing part 4 can be, for example, a MOMP (Micro Opto-Mechanical Pressure) chip.

[0063] Referring to FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, the sensing part 4 is located inside the first through hole 31. And, the sensing part 4 is attached to the inner wall of the first through hole 31. Further, the sensing part 4 closes the opening of the second through hole 32 towards the first through hole 31. The sensing part 4 can obtain the pressure and / or temperature of the gas inside the first through hole 31 in real time, so as to achieve real-time monitoring of the safe use condition of the battery cell 10.

[0064] In some embodiments, a limiting part 35 can also be arranged on the inner wall of the first through hole 31, which can be arranged in close contact with the sensing part 4 to limit the relative displacement between the sensing part 4 and the inner wall of the first through hole 31, so as to ensure that the sensing part 4 can be stably attached to the inner wall of the first through hole 31.

[0065] In some embodiments, the sensing part 4 can also be attached to the inner wall of the first through hole 31 by means of gluing or the like, so as to ensure the closing effect of the opening of the second through hole 32 towards the first through hole 31, and ensure the sealing of the inside of the battery cell 10.

[0066] Further, the projection of the second through hole 32 along the second direction D2 falls within the area surrounded by the sensing part 4.

[0067] In a preferred embodiment, the second direction D2 can be perpendicular to the plane where the sensing part 4 is located.

[0068] Further, the first end 51 of the optical fiber 5 is accommodated inside the second through hole 32, and the first end 51 of the optical fiber 5 is opposite to the sensing part 4.

[0069] In some embodiments, the first end 51 of the optical fiber 5 can emit a test light signal to the sensing part 4, and receive a feedback light signal fed back by the sensing part 4. Through demodulation or other analysis means, the temperature and pressure information of the corresponding battery cell 10 represented by the feedback light signal can be obtained.

[0070] Further, since the projection of the second through hole 32 along the second direction D2 falls within the area enclosed by the sensing part 4, the test light signal emitted by the optical fiber 5 through the second through hole 32 can accurately irradiate onto the sensing part 4. The sensing part 4 can respond to the state changes (such as pressure and / or temperature changes) inside the battery cell 10 and convert these changes into changes in the light signal, i.e. the feedback light signal.

[0071] From the above, by using the technical solutions described in the present application, the temperature changes and pressure changes inside each battery cell 10 can be independently and accurately monitored or spot-checked through real-time monitoring or spot-checking of the temperature and pressure of the gas in the first through hole 31, thereby improving the safety of the entire battery 100. Even if one battery cell 10 has a problem, it can be quickly located and appropriate measures can be taken to avoid affecting the performance of the entire battery 100 or even the battery pack.

[0072] In some embodiments, in combination with FIGS. 2-6, the battery 100 can further include an explosion-proof valve 6 movably covered on the side of the second opening 22 away from the first opening 1, and the explosion-proof valve 6 can be pried open by the gas overflowing through the first through hole 31.

[0073] Specifically, the explosion-proof valve 6 is a safety element in the battery 100, and the explosion-proof valve 6 can provide a mechanism to release pressure when the internal pressure of the battery cell 10 abnormally rises to a dangerous level, thereby preventing the battery cell 10 from exploding. For example, when a large amount of gas is generated inside the battery cell 10 due to certain reasons (such as overcharging, short circuit, thermal runaway, etc.), causing the pressure to rise sharply, the explosion-proof valve 6 will be pried open, allowing the gas to be quickly discharged, thereby reducing or eliminating the risk of explosion.

[0074] Further, the explosion-proof valve 6 is movably covered on the side of the second opening 22 away from the first opening 1. That is, the explosion-proof valve 6 can be arranged on the side of the cover 2 away from the battery cell 10. The explosion-proof valve 6 can move or deform under certain conditions (such as internal pressure rise), thereby opening a passage for the gas inside the battery cell 10 to escape. At the same time, since the explosion-proof valve 6 is located on the side of the second opening 22 away from the first opening 1, the explosion-proof valve 6 will not hinder the gas inside the battery cell 10 from escaping from the first opening 1 into the first through hole 31. Inside the first through hole 31, the sensing part 4 and the optical fiber 5 cooperate to obtain the pressure and temperature information of the gas, thereby achieving monitoring of the internal state of the battery cell 10.

[0075] Further, the first through hole 31 can simultaneously serve as an explosion-proof air passage for the explosion-proof valve 6.

[0076] Further, the battery 100 further includes a plug 7 sleeved on the first end 51 of the optical fiber 5 and accommodated in the second through hole 32, and the outer surface of the plug 7 is in close contact with the inner wall of the second through hole 32.

[0077] Specifically, the ferrule 7 can ensure precise butt joint and stable connection between the optical fiber 5 and the second through hole 32.

[0078] In some embodiments, the ferrule 7 can be made of ceramic or metal, and is sleeved outside the first end 51 of the optical fiber 5 to enhance the strength of the first end 51, so as to avoid the bending or damage of the optical fiber when the first end 51 is inserted into the second through hole 32, which affects the transmission of the test light signal and the feedback light signal. In addition, the ferrule 7 provides a precise positioning and fixing point for the first end 51 of the optical fiber 5. By inserting the first end 51 of the optical fiber 5 into the ferrule 7 and ensuring that the ferrule 7 closely fits the inner wall of the second through hole 32, the optical fiber 5 can be kept stable when transmitting the light signal, and the transmission quality of the signal will not be affected by vibration or displacement.

[0079] In some embodiments, the first end 41 of the optical fiber 5 can also be sleeved with an optical collimator to ensure that the optical fiber 5 is aligned with the diaphragm 42.

[0080] Further, referring to FIG. 8, the sensing part 4 includes: a base 41 closely fitted to the wall of the first through hole 31 formed by the connecting part 3; and a diaphragm 42 arranged at one end of the base 41 away from the optical fiber 5, a sealed cavity being formed between the base 41 and the diaphragm 42, the diaphragm 42 being adapted to produce a corresponding deformation according to the pressure change of the gas in the first through hole 31, the feedback light signal carrying the deformation information of the diaphragm 42.

[0081] Specifically, the base 41 is the basic part of the sensing part 4, and the base 41 is closely fitted to the wall of the first through hole 31 formed by the connecting part 3, so that the sensing part 4 is stably and firmly arranged inside the first through hole 31.

[0082] Further, the base 41 is also used to support the diaphragm 42. The diaphragm 42 is arranged at one end of the base 41 away from the optical fiber 5. A sealed cavity is formed between the diaphragm 42 and the base 41. When the gas pressure inside the battery cell 10 changes, the diaphragm 42 will produce a corresponding deformation according to the change of the gas pressure. This deformation is a direct reflection of the changes of the internal state (such as pressure, temperature, etc.) of the battery cell 10. At the same time, the deformation of the diaphragm 42 will also change the optical properties (such as refractive index, optical path, etc.) in the sealed cavity, thereby affecting the test light signal emitted by the optical fiber 5 to the sensing part 4.

[0083] In some embodiments, the diaphragm 42 can be made of semiconductor materials such as silicon nitride or monocrystalline silicon. Further, the diaphragm 42 has a small thickness to achieve high sensitivity response to the internal pressure change of the battery cell 10.

[0084] In some embodiments, the thickness and diameter of the diaphragm 42 can be designed according to different range requirements, where the thickness can range from several microns to several hundred microns, and the diameter is generally microns or millimeters.

[0085] In some embodiments, the sealed cavity can be a standard air chamber. For example, the sealed cavity can be a vacuum environment, or an environment filled with air, i.e., having a certain air pressure (e.g., one standard atmosphere). Thus, a pressure difference between the pressure from the outside of the diaphragm 42 and the air pressure in the sealed cavity causes the diaphragm 42 to deform and produce a relative displacement, thereby causing the cavity length of the sealed cavity in the second direction D2 to change. Further, the change in the cavity length causes a change in the feedback light signal, and by demodulating the feedback light signal, etc., the pressure change in the battery cell 10 can be analyzed.

[0086] Further, the first end 51 of the optical fiber 5 (i.e., the end opposite to the sensing part 4) receives the feedback light signal reflected by the diaphragm 42. The feedback light signal carries the deformation information of the diaphragm 42, i.e., the change information of the gas pressure inside the battery cell 10. By analyzing the change in the feedback light signal through demodulation, etc., the pressure state inside the battery cell 10 can be inferred, and real-time monitoring of the safety of the corresponding battery cell 10 can be achieved.

[0087] Further, the surface of the diaphragm 42 facing the base 41 is coated with a high-reflectivity film 43. The high-reflectivity film 43 can enhance the reflection efficiency of the diaphragm 42 to the test light signal. When the test light signal emitted by the optical fiber 5 irradiates the diaphragm 42, due to the presence of the high-reflectivity film 43, most of the light signal is reflected to form a feedback light signal received by the first end 51 of the optical fiber 5. This efficient reflection mechanism ensures that the loss of the light signal during transmission is minimized, thereby improving the sensitivity and accuracy of the sensor 300 for monitoring the pressure and / or temperature of the battery cell 10.

[0088] In some embodiments, the high-reflectivity film 43 can be a dielectric film or a metal film, such as gold or silver. When the test light signal is incident on the high-reflectivity film 43, most of the test light signal can be specularly reflected back, e.g., achieving a reflectivity of 99%.

[0089] Further, with reference to FIG. 8, the base 41 can include a plate part 411 made of glass, and a first ring part 412 supported between the plate part 411 and the diaphragm 42, where the plate part 411, the first ring part 412, and the diaphragm 42 collectively enclose the sealed cavity.

[0090] Specifically, the plate portion 411 made of glass material has excellent transparency. Thus, the test light signal can be ensured to maintain a low loss and distortion when passing through. Further, the plate portion 411 made of glass material also has high chemical stability and thermal stability, and can maintain stable performance in the harsh environment inside the battery.

[0091] Further, the diaphragm 42 can be connected to the first ring portion 412 at an end of the first ring portion 412 away from the plate portion 411. With the support of the first ring portion 412, the plate portion 411, the first ring portion 412 and the diaphragm 42 form the sealed cavity.

[0092] Further, the plate portion 411 has a semi-transparent semi-reflective film 44 attached to a surface thereof facing the diaphragm 42. The plate portion 411 is adapted to form a resonance cavity, and the feedback light signal passing through the resonance cavity carries the temperature information of the battery cell 10.

[0093] In some embodiments, the semi-transparent semi-reflective film 44 can be, for example, a dielectric film. When the test light signal is incident on the semi-transparent semi-reflective film 44, a portion of the light signal is transmitted into the sealed cavity, and another portion of the light signal is reflected back to the first end 51 of the optical fiber 5 by the mirror surface. For example, 50% of the test light signal is transmitted into the sealed cavity, and 50% of the test light signal is reflected back to the first end 51 of the optical fiber 5.

[0094] Further, the plate portion 411 also forms a resonance cavity (also referred to as an "interference cavity") between two surfaces thereof along the second direction D2. According to the principle of thermal expansion and contraction, when the temperature of the gas inside the first through hole 31 changes, the cavity length of the resonance cavity along the second direction D2 also changes. By analyzing the feedback light signal generated by the portion of the test light signal reflected back by the semi-transparent semi-reflective film 44, the temperature inside the first through hole 31 (i.e., inside the battery cell 10) can be monitored.

[0095] In some embodiments, the resonance cavity formed by the plate portion 411 can also be used for temperature compensation of the pressure information, to improve the accuracy of the monitoring.

[0096] As described above, the sensing portion 4 adopts a silicon-based double-interference-cavity optical-mechanical structure, and by detecting the change in the FSR (Free Spectral Range) of each of the two interference cavities (between the diaphragm 42 and the plate portion 411, and between the two surfaces of the plate portion 411 along the second direction D2), i.e., the change in the peak-to-peak distance, the pressure value and the temperature value inside the battery cell can be calculated in the frequency domain.

[0097] In a typical application scenario, when the first end 51 of the optical fiber 5 emits a test light signal, the test light signal will first pass through the plate portion 411 and be directed to the semi-transparent half-reflection film 44. After passing through the semi-transparent half-reflection film 44, a part of the test light signal is directly reflected back to the resonant cavity formed by the plate portion 411 and is eventually received by the first end of the optical fiber 5. The part of the test light signal reflected by the semi-transparent half-reflection film 44 forms a feedback light signal carrying the temperature information of the battery cell 10.

[0098] Further, the part of the test light signal passing through the semi-transparent half-reflection film 44 can enter the sealed cavity and irradiate on the diaphragm 42 (for example, a high-reflectivity film 43 attached to the diaphragm 42). When the test light signal enters the sealed cavity, a comb-shaped light spectrum is generated between the high-reflectivity film 43 and the semi-transparent half-reflection film 44, and when the center distance (i.e., the cavity length of the sealed cavity along the second direction D2) changes, the comb-shaped light spectrum also changes. Further, according to the deformation of the diaphragm 42 (caused by the change of the gas pressure inside the battery cell 10), the test light signal is reflected to form a feedback light signal carrying the pressure information inside the battery cell 5.

[0099] Further, the sensing portion 4 can further include a second ring portion 45, the second ring portion 45 being arranged on the side of the diaphragm 42 away from the first ring portion 412, and the diaphragm 42 being clamped between the first ring portion 412 and the second ring portion 45. Thus, by clamping of the first ring portion 412 and the second ring portion 45, the diaphragm 42 can be stably accommodated in the first through hole 31 to realize real-time monitoring of the safety of the battery cell.

[0100] In some embodiments, the first ring portion 412, the second ring portion 45, and the diaphragm 42 can all be made of silicon.

[0101] In some embodiments, the first ring portion 412, the second ring portion 45, and the diaphragm 42 can be integrally formed by an etching process or the like, and then connected to the plate portion 411 by a bonding process or the like.

[0102] Further, the thickness of the wall of the second ring portion 45 close to the diaphragm 42 is greater than the thickness of the wall of the second ring portion 45 away from the diaphragm 42. In other words, the inner surface of the second ring portion 45 has a certain slope. Thus, the gas or liquid flowing through the sensing portion 4 can be introduced and relatively statically reside at the diaphragm 42, causing the diaphragm 42 to uniformly deform.

[0103] Further, with continuous reference to FIG. 3 to FIG. 6, the connecting portion 3 comprises a connecting column 33, the first through hole 31 and the second through hole 32 are formed in the connecting column 33, one end of the connecting column 33 away from the first face 101 is attached to the cover portion 2; a connecting plate 34 is connected to the outer circumferential surface of the connecting column 33, the connecting plate 34 is attached to and fixed to the first face 101.

[0104] Specifically, the connecting column 33 is located inside the accommodating cavity 21, and along the first direction D1, two ends of the connecting column 33 are respectively connected to the first face 101 and the face of the cover portion 2 facing the first face 101 directly or indirectly. Further, the first through hole 31 is opened in the connecting column 33, for connecting the first opening 1 and the second opening 22, so that when the battery cell 10 fails (for example, overheat or overcharge causes internal gas expansion), the gas inside the battery cell 10 can flow from the first through hole 31 to the expansion valve 6, and when the internal pressure of the battery cell 10 exceeds the preset threshold, the expansion valve 6 is opened to vent, avoiding accidents such as explosion.

[0105] Further, the second through hole 22 is opened in the connecting column 33, and connects the first through hole 1 inside and outside the connecting column 33. The second through hole 22 can be used to form a channel for transmitting and receiving test light signals and feedback light signals.

[0106] Further, the connecting plate 34 is provided with a through hole matching the outer diameter of the connecting column 33, so as to connect the connecting column 33 and the connecting plate 34.

[0107] In some embodiments, the connecting column 33 and the connecting plate 34 can also be integrally formed.

[0108] Further, the connecting plate 34 can increase the contact area between the connecting portion 3 and the battery cell 10 (especially the first face 101), thereby improving the stability and strength of the connection. In addition, the connecting plate 34 can also be used to disperse stress, prevent the connection between components from loosening or damaging due to vibration or impact during use of the battery cell 10.

[0109] In some embodiments, the connecting plate 34 and the first face 101 can be connected through the fixing member 104.

[0110] In some embodiments, the area of the connecting plate 34 is smaller than the area of the end face of the cover portion 2 facing the first face 101, that is, the cover portion 2 completely covers the connecting plate 34, and the connecting plate 45 is also located in the accommodating cavity 21. In this scenario, the connecting plate 34 and the cover portion 2 are respectively fixedly connected to the battery cell 10 (the first face 101) through the fixing member 104.

[0111] In some embodiments, the area of the connecting plate 34 can also be equal to the area of the end surface of the cover 2 facing the first surface 101. In this case, the cover 2, the connecting plate 34 and the first surface 101 can be connected simultaneously by the fixing member 104. Thus, in actual production operations, the number of holes in the first surface 101 can be reduced, and the overall structural strength can be improved.

[0112] In some embodiments, the cover 2 is connected to the first surface 101 by the connecting plate 34, and the accommodation cavity 21 is jointly surrounded by the cover 2 and the connecting plate 34.

[0113] In some embodiments, in a plane perpendicular to the first direction D1, the cross-sectional area of the first through hole 31 is smaller than the opening area of the first opening 1, and the connecting plate 34 closes the part of the first opening 1 beyond the first through hole 31. The shape and area of the first opening 1 can be consistent with the explosion-proof valve 6, for example. Thus, manufacturers can determine whether to produce the battery cell 10 including the sensor 300 or the battery cell 10 provided with only the explosion-proof valve 6 according to actual needs. In other words, the battery cell 10 with the sensor 300 provided by the embodiments of the present application does not change the structure of the conventional battery cell 10, and no special design is required for the battery cell 10 in the production link, which can provide more choices for manufacturers and users.

[0114] Further, the cross-sectional area of the first through hole 31 being smaller than the opening area of the first opening 1 can also enable the gas inside the battery cell 10 to be concentrated inside the first through hole 31, so as to improve the sensitivity and accuracy of the sensing part 4.

[0115] Further, the battery cell 10 further comprises a sealing structure 103 arranged between the connecting plate 34 and the first surface 101.

[0116] In some embodiments, the sealing structure 103 is also arranged between the connecting column 33 and the cover 2. Thus, by the sealing structure 103, the overall air tightness of the battery cell 10 can be effectively improved, so as to prevent the gas or liquid inside the battery cell 10 from leaking to the outside environment through the gap between the connecting part 3 and the first surface 101 or the cover 2. In addition, the sealing structure 103 can also prevent external substances (such as air, moisture, dust, etc.) from invading the inside of the battery cell 10 and affecting the service life of the battery cell 10.

[0117] Further, in combination with FIG. 3 to FIG. 6, the electric cell 10 can further comprise: a plug 8 having a third end 81 and a fourth end 82 opposite to each other, wherein the third end 81 is configured to receive the second end 52 of the optical fiber 5; and a coupler 9 having a fifth end 91 and a sixth end 92 opposite to each other, wherein the fifth end 91 is coupled to the fourth end 82, and the sixth end 92 is adapted to be pluggably connected to an optical and electrical device. Thus, by means of the plug 8 and the coupler 9, the optical fiber 5 can more conveniently transmit optical signals (including receiving test optical signals and emitting feedback optical signals) to the outside of the electric cell 10.

[0118] In some embodiments, the plug 8 can be selected from a ferrule contactor (FC), a Lucent connector (LC), a stab & twist (ST), a square connector (SC), and the like.

[0119] In a preferred embodiment, the plug 8 can be selected as an E2000 optical connector to improve the convenience of plugging the plug 8 and the coupler 9.

[0120] Further, the coupler 9 is configured to optically and mechanically align, abut and couple the optical plug outside the electric cell 10 and the plug 8 inside the electric cell 10. The coupler 9 can be selected as an optical flange, which can be of the same type or compatible with the type of the connector serving as the plug 8. For example, the coupler 9 can be selected as an optical flange compatible with an E2000 optical plug.

[0121] Further, the sixth end 92 of the coupler 9 is also provided with an optical structure for plugging with an optical plug of an external optical and electrical device. Thus, by means of the pluggable connection, the external optical and electrical device can more conveniently achieve optical coupling with the electric cell 10 (especially the sensing part 4), thereby achieving bidirectional transmission of test optical signals and feedback optical signals between the electric cell 10 and the optical and electrical device. Such a pluggable connection not only facilitates the installation and maintenance of the electric cell and the external optical and electrical device, but also improves the scalability of the electric cell 10.

[0122] In some embodiments, in combination with FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, the fifth end 91 is accommodated in the accommodating cavity 21, and a third opening 23 is formed on the sidewall of the cover part 2 for exposing the sixth end 92.

[0123] Specifically, the cover part 2 further comprises a connecting plate 24 disposed in the accommodating cavity 21 and connecting a pair of opposite sidewalls of the cover part 2. The connecting plate 24 can be parallel to the first direction.

[0124] Further, the connecting plate 24 is provided with an assembly hole 25. Through the assembly hole 25, the coupler 9 can be clamped with the connecting plate 24. Thus, the coupler 9 can be stably accommodated in the accommodating cavity 21, avoiding the shaking of the coupler 9 affecting the effect of the optical coupling of the plug-in connector 8 and the external photoelectric device.

[0125] Further, after at least a part of the coupler 9 passes through the assembly hole 25, the sixth end 92 of the coupler 9 is connected with the wall of the third opening 23 formed by the cover part 2. Thus, the sixth end 92 of the coupler 9 can be coupled with the external photoelectric device through the third opening 23.

[0126] From the above, by using the battery 100 described in the present application, the temperature change and the pressure change in the interior of each battery cell 10 can be independently and accurately monitored or spot checked by monitoring or spot checking the temperature and the pressure of the gas in the first through hole 31 in real time, thereby improving the safety of the entire battery 100. Even if one battery cell 1 has a problem, it can be quickly located and appropriate measures can be taken to avoid affecting the performance of the entire battery 100 battery pack.

[0127] Further, the technical solution of the present application does not need to change the original structure of the battery cell 10, only needs to add the cover part 2, the connecting part 3, the sensing part 4 and the optical fiber 5 between the original battery cell 10 and the explosion-proof valve 6, without affecting the explosion-proof performance of the explosion-proof valve 6, while realizing effective monitoring of the working state of the battery cell 2, having wide applicability and high reliability.

[0128] Further, the present application still retains the design of the explosion-proof valve 6, which is movably arranged on the side of the second opening 22 away from the first opening 1. The explosion-proof valve 6 can be used as the last means to prevent the explosion of the battery cell 10, and the explosion-proof air duct of the explosion-proof valve 10 is reused as the first through hole 31. Therefore, without affecting the explosion-proof performance, the present application can also realize reliable monitoring of the safe working of the battery cell 10.

[0129] In combination with FIG. 1 and FIG. 9, to solve the technical problems of the prior art, the present application further provides a battery system 200, comprising: the battery 100 described above in FIG. 1 to FIG. 8; a transmitting module 201 optically coupled with the optical fiber 5 of each battery cell 10 in the battery 100, the transmitting module 201 being configured to transmit a test optical signal to the optical fiber 5; and a signal processing module 202 optically coupled with the optical fiber 5 of each battery cell 10 in the battery 100, the signal processing module 202 being configured to receive a feedback optical signal output by the optical fiber 5 and obtain a detection result according to the feedback optical signal, the detection result comprising temperature data and / or pressure data of the battery cell 10.

[0130] In some embodiments, the transmitting module 201 and the signal processing module 202 can be integrated on one optoelectronic device 203. The optoelectronic device 203 may, for example, be a silicon light sensing IMC analyzer (IMC, In-Memory Computing, also known as in-memory computing).

[0131] Referring to FIG. 1, the housing 1001 of the battery 100 can be provided with a socket 1005. The socket 1005 may, for example, be an MPO (Multi-Fiber Push-On) socket. Through the socket 1005, the topological optical cable 1003 inside the battery 100 and the multi-core optical cable 1006 outside the battery 100 can be optically coupled. The number of cable cores in the topological optical cable 1003 and the multi-core optical cable 1006 is consistent with the number of battery cells 10 in the battery 100. For example, in an application scenario in which the battery 100 includes 16 battery cells 10, the number of cable cores in the topological optical cable 1003 and the multi-core optical cable 1006 is also 16.

[0132] Further, inside the battery 100, one end of the topological optical cable 1003 is an integrated plug 1004, and the other end is a scattered optical fiber, which is connected to the corresponding battery cell 10, so that the topological optical cable 1003 is laid along the center line of the battery 100 in a tree-like manner.

[0133] Further, the end of each scattered optical fiber in the topological optical cable 1003 away from the plug 1004 is an optical connector, which is used to plug the coupler 9 installed on the corresponding battery cell 10. The optical connector may, for example, be an E2000 optical fiber plug.

[0134] In some embodiments, the multi-core optical cable 1006 can be connected to a plug 1004 at both ends, respectively connected to the socket 1005 of the battery 100 and the optoelectronic device 203.

[0135] Further, the optoelectronic device 203 can also be equipped with a socket 2031 compatible with the model of the plug 1004.

[0136] Referring to FIG. 9, the battery system 200 can include a plurality of batteries 100. The plurality of batteries 100 are housed inside the cabinet 301 and are respectively coupled to the optoelectronic device 203 to receive test optical signals and emit feedback optical signals.

[0137] Further, taking the silicon optical sensing IMC analyzer as an example of the photoelectric device 203, the silicon optical sensing IMC analyzer detects each battery 100 in the cabinet 301 in turn through its internal detection rules such as wavelength division multiplexing and time division multiplexing, so as to monitor the pressure value and temperature value of each cell 10 in each battery 100. In combination with the big data algorithm embedded in the silicon optical sensing IMC analyzer, the health status of each cell 10 can be accurately identified, and the "cell level" management can be realized.

[0138] In addition, under the big data analysis, if it is found that the state of one or more cells 10 in one or more batteries 100 in the cabinet 301 is abnormal, the corresponding cell 10 can be conveniently replaced. The replacement process may, for example, be as follows: after the optical connector (for example, an E2000 optical connector) in the coupler 9 of the abnormal cell 10 is pulled out, the abnormal cell 10 is pulled out, a normal cell 10 is inserted into the empty position, and finally the optical connector is reinserted into the coupler 9 of the newly inserted cell 10, which completes the replacement of the cell 10.

[0139] To solve the technical problems of the prior art, in combination with FIGS. 1 to 8, the embodiment of the present application further provides a sensor 300 for detecting the temperature and / or pressure of a cell 10 of a battery 100, the cell 10 being provided with a first opening 1 open to a first direction D1, and the sensor 300 comprising:

[0140] a cover part 2 detachably arranged on the outer surface of the cell 10 and covering at least the first opening 1, the cover part 2 being provided with a second opening 22 on the surface facing the first direction D1, and the cover part 2 being internally formed with an accommodating cavity 21;

[0141] a connecting part 3, at least a part of the connecting part 3 being accommodated in the accommodating cavity 21, the connecting part 3 being provided with a first through hole 31 extending along the first direction D1, the first through hole 31 being in communication with the first opening 1 and the second opening 22, and the connecting part 3 being provided with a second through hole 32 extending along a second direction D2, the second through hole 32 being in communication with the first through hole 31, wherein the second direction D2 is perpendicular to the first direction D1;

[0142] a sensing part 4 attached to the wall of the connecting part 3 forming the first through hole 31, and the projection of the second through hole 32 along the second direction D2 falling within the area surrounded by the sensing part 4;

[0143] an optical fiber 5 along the extension direction, the optical fiber 5 having opposite first and second ends 51 and 52, wherein the first end 51 is accommodated in the second through hole 32 to emit a test light signal to the sensing part 4 and receive a feedback light signal, the feedback light signal being used to represent the pressure and / or temperature of the cell 10.

[0144] The cooperation mode and working principle between the components in the sensor 300 (including the cover part 2, the connecting part 3, the sensing part 4, and the optical fiber 5) can refer to the description of the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1-9, which will not be repeated here.

[0145] In addition, the inventor also provides a demodulation algorithm for the temperature and pressure of the battery cell 10 when the MOMP chip is used as the sensing part 4.

[0146] First, in the field of elastic mechanics, when the central deformation of the diaphragm 42 is much smaller than the thickness of the diaphragm 42, the deformation of the center of the diaphragm 42 is calculated based on the following formula:

[0147] Formula 1, ;

[0148] Where P is the pressure acting on the diaphragm 42; R is the effective radius of the pressure area that the diaphragm 42 bears; E is the Young's modulus of the material used for the diaphragm 42; h is the thickness of the diaphragm 42; μ is the Poisson's ratio of the material used for the diaphragm 42; and δ is the displacement of the center of the diaphragm 42 under pressure.

[0149] After the transformation of Formula 1, we have:

[0150] Formula 2, 。

[0151] Further, on the optical F-P resonant cavity, the comb spectrum of the light frequency has the following formula:

[0152] Formula 3, ;

[0153] Where Δλ is used to represent the distance between two adjacent peaks in the frequency domain, when the F-P cavity length is constant, the "peak-to-peak distance" of any two adjacent peaks is equal, i.e., a constant; c is the speed of light in a vacuum; n is the refractive index coefficient of the F-P cavity, in a vacuum cavity, in an air cavity; L is the cavity length of the F-P cavity, for example, set L0 in FIG. 8 as the initial state of the cavity length, i.e., the resonant cavity length when the diaphragm 42 does not bear pressure. Based on the above, Formula 3 becomes:

[0154] Formula 4, 。

[0155] When the diaphragm 42 surface is subjected to pressure, Formula 4 becomes:

[0156] Formula 5, ;

[0157] wherein, is the frequency domain "peak-to-peak distance" when the cavity length becomes, is the length of the cavity length when the diaphragm 42 senses the external pressure. It can be seen that the diaphragm 42 becomes shorter when it is affected by the external pressure, i.e., from formulas 4 and 5,. Therefore, there is:

[0158] Formula 6, ;

[0159] wherein, wherein is the change of the F-P cavity length, i.e., the deformation of the pressure diaphragm.

[0160] Combining formulas (2) and (7),

[0161] Formula 8, ,

[0162] Further, there is:

[0163] Formula 9, .

[0164] Finally, there is:

[0165] Formula 10, .

[0166] From formula 10, it can be seen that as long as the change of the frequency domain "peak-to-peak distance" is measured and calculated, the pressure sensed by the diaphragm 42 can be calculated.

[0167] If the temperature factor is considered, the parameters on the right side of formula 10 are changed into functions of temperature, so that the pressure value at the current temperature can be compensated.

[0168] There is the following formula:

[0169] Formula 11, .

[0170] It should be understood that the term "and / or" herein merely describes an associated relationship with the associated objects, which means that there can be three relationships, for example, A and / or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist together, and B exists alone. In addition, the character " / " herein represents an "or" relationship between the associated objects. As used herein, unless otherwise explicitly stated, the term "or" encompasses all possible combinations, unless not feasible. For example, if it is stated that a component can include A or B, the component can include A, or B, or A and B, unless explicitly stated otherwise or not feasible. As a second example, if it is stated that a component can include A, B, or C, the component can include A, or B, or C, or A and B, or A and C, or B and C, or A and B and C, unless explicitly stated otherwise or not feasible.

[0171] "Multiple" appearing in the embodiments of the present application means two or more.

[0172] The relational terms herein, such as first, second, and the like, are used only to distinguish one entity or action from another, and do not require or imply any actual relationship or order between or among entities or actions. Moreover, the words "comprises," "has," and "includes" and other similar forms are intended to be equivalent in meaning and be open ended in that an item or items following any one of these words is not meant to be an exhaustive listing of such item or items, or meant to be limited to only the listed item or items. In the drawings and specification, there have been disclosed exemplary embodiments. However, it is understood that many variations and modifications can be made to these embodiments. Accordingly, although specific terms are employed, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.

[0173] Although the present application has been disclosed in its currently best embodiment, it will be appreciated that various modifications can be made to this application without departing from the spirit and scope of the application as set forth in the claims.

Claims

1. A battery, characterized by, The battery comprises at least one battery cell, wherein each battery cell has opposite first and second faces along a first direction, and the battery cell comprises: a first opening formed in the first face and communicating with the inside of the battery cell; a cover part covering the first face and covering at least the first opening, the cover part having a receiving cavity formed therein and a second opening formed in a face opposite to the first face; a connecting part, at least a part of the connecting part being accommodated in the receiving cavity, the connecting part having a first through hole extending along the first direction, the first through hole communicating with the first opening and the second opening, the connecting part having a second through hole extending along a second direction, the second through hole communicating with the first through hole, wherein the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction; a sensing part attached to a wall of the connecting part forming the first through hole, a projection of the second through hole along the second direction falling within an area enclosed by the sensing part; an optical fiber having opposite first and second ends along an extending direction, wherein the first end is accommodated in the second through hole to emit a test light signal to the sensing part and receive a feedback light signal, the feedback light signal being used to represent the pressure and / or temperature of the battery cell.

2. The battery of claim 1, wherein, Further comprising: an explosion-proof valve movably covering the second opening away from the first opening, the explosion-proof valve being able to be pushed open by gas overflowing through the first through hole.

3. The battery of claim 1, wherein, Further comprising: a ferrule sleeved on the first end of the optical fiber and accommodated in the second through hole, an outer surface of the ferrule being in close contact with an inner wall of the second through hole.

4. The battery of claim 1, wherein, The sensing part comprises: a base in close contact with the wall of the connecting part forming the first through hole; a diaphragm arranged at an end of the base away from the optical fiber, a sealed cavity being formed between the base and the diaphragm, the diaphragm being adapted to produce a corresponding deformation according to the pressure change of the gas in the first through hole, the feedback light signal carrying deformation information of the diaphragm.

5. The battery of claim 4, wherein, A high-reflectivity film is attached to a face of the diaphragm facing the base.

6. The battery of claim 4, wherein, The base comprises: a plate part made of glass; a first ring part supported between the plate part and the diaphragm, the plate part, the first ring part and the diaphragm collectively enclosing the sealed cavity.

7. The battery of claim 6, wherein, A semi-transparent and semi-reflective film is attached to a face of the plate part facing the diaphragm, the plate part being adapted to form a resonant cavity, the feedback light signal passing through the resonant cavity carrying temperature information of the battery cell.

8. The battery of claim 6, wherein, The sensing part further comprises: a second ring part arranged at a side of the diaphragm away from the first ring part, the diaphragm being clamped between the first ring part and the second ring part.

9. The battery of claim 8, wherein, The thickness of a wall of the second ring part close to the diaphragm is greater than the thickness of a wall of the second ring part away from the diaphragm.

10. The battery of claim 1, wherein, The connecting part comprises: a connecting column, the first through hole and the second through hole being formed in the connecting column, an end of the connecting column away from the first face being in close contact with the cover part; a connecting plate connected to an outer circumferential surface of the connecting column, the connecting plate being in close contact with the first face and fixed to the first face.

11. The battery of claim 10, wherein, The first through hole has a cross-sectional area smaller than an opening area of the first opening along a plane perpendicular to the first direction, and the connecting plate closes a portion of the first opening beyond the first through hole.

12. The battery of claim 10, wherein, The cover is connected to the first surface by the connecting plate, and the accommodating cavity is formed by the cover and the connecting plate.

13. The battery of claim 10, wherein, Further comprising: A sealing structure is arranged between the connecting plate and the first surface, and / or arranged between the connecting column and the cover.

14. The battery of claim 1, wherein, Further comprising: A connector has opposite third and fourth ends, wherein the third end is used to receive the second end of the optical fiber; A coupler has opposite fifth and sixth ends, wherein the fifth end is coupled to the fourth end, and the sixth end is adapted to be pluggably connected to an optoelectronic device.

15. The battery of claim 14, wherein, The fifth end is accommodated in the accommodating cavity, and a third opening is formed in the sidewall of the cover to expose the sixth end.

16. A battery system characterized by, Comprising: The battery of any one of claims 1 to 15; A transmitting module is optically coupled to the optical fiber of each cell of the battery, respectively, and is used to transmit a test light signal to the optical fiber; A signal processing module is optically coupled to the optical fiber of each cell of the battery, respectively, and is used to receive a feedback light signal output by the optical fiber, and to obtain a detection result according to the feedback light signal, wherein the detection result includes temperature data and / or pressure data of the cell.

17. A sensor for detecting temperature and / or pressure of an electric cell of a battery, the electric cell having a first opening opened in a first direction, characterized by, The sensor comprises: A cover is detachably arranged on an outer surface of the cell and covers at least the first opening, and a second opening is formed in a surface of the cover facing the first direction, and an accommodating cavity is formed in the cover; A connecting part, at least a portion of the connecting part is accommodated in the accommodating cavity, the connecting part is provided with a first through hole extending along the first direction, the first through hole connects the first opening and the second opening, and the connecting part is provided with a second through hole extending along a second direction, the second through hole connects the first through hole, wherein the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction; A sensing part is attached to a wall of the connecting part forming the first through hole, and a projection of the second through hole along the second direction falls within an area enclosed by the sensing part; An optical fiber has opposite first and second ends along an extension direction, wherein the first end is accommodated in the second through hole to emit a test light signal to the sensing part and receive a feedback light signal, and the feedback light signal is used to represent the pressure and / or temperature of the cell.

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