Communication system, method, transmitting device, and receiving device to estimate channel state information

Abstract

A communication system configured to estimate Channel State Information based on a channel estimator transformer model, comprising a transmitting device and a receiving device. The transmitting controller is configured to generate a generic pilot pattern set that includes a plurality of potential pilot patterns, map the generic pilot pattern set into a positional encoding indices set and a positional embedding indices set, generate a positional encoding sequence, PE for a pilot pattern map the positional encoding sequence into the generic pilot pattern thereby generating a Positional Encoding-Embedded Pilot training signal, transmit the generic pilot pattern set to the receiving device, and transmit the PEEP training signals according to the generic pilot pattern set to the receiving device. Moreover, the receiving controller is configured to receive the generic pilot pattern set, receive the transmitted PEEP training signals, and train the channel estimator transformer model based.

Description

[0001]COMMUNICATION SYSTEM, METHOD, TRANSMITTING DEVICE, AND RECEIVING DEVICE TOESTIMATE CHANNEL STATE INFORMATION TECHNICAL FIELDThe present disclosure relates generally to the field of wireless communication networks and more specifically, to acommunication system and a method for a communication system configured to estimate Channel State Information, CSI, based on a channel estimator transformer model. Furthermore, the present disclosure relates more specifically to a transmittingdevice and a receiving device to be operated in the communication system configured to estimate CSI based on a channelestimator transformer model, such as by providing a dynamic positional encoding transformer for channel estimation. BACKGROUND Channel estimation is a process in wireless communication systems that is used for determining channel responses for reliable data transmission. Typically, the channel estimation involves transmission of predefined signals, known as pilot signals, from a transmitting node to a receiving node, allowing the receiving node to estimate the channel based on the transmitted pilots. The allocation of pilot symbols across different time, frequency, and spatial resources follows a predetermined pilot pattern, which is known to the transmitting node and the receiving node. Conventionally, existing communication systems utilize AI-based methods in which AI-based channel estimators are trained using specific pilot patterns and are further deployed using the same patterns during the inference phase. However, as time and frequency selectivity between communicating nodes vary, the need for pilot pattern adaptation and signaling to the receiving node increases due to which the retraining or fine-tuning of the channel estimator model to accommodate the new pilot pattern is required. Currently, certain attempts have been made to estimate the channel state information, for example, by using conventional attention-based channel estimation techniques, such as Reverse Positional Encoding (RPE) is used for Channel State Information (CSI) prediction that allocates first positional encoding indices in reverse order, starting from the most recent CSI instance and going backwards to the oldest instance within the sequence. However, such conventional attention-based channel estimation techniques fail due to many reasons, such as variation in the input sequence length between training andinference phases, increase in the complexity while retraining the pilot patterns, and the like. Thus, there exists a technicalproblem of how to provide a unified channel estimator that could adapt to the different transmitted pilot patterns. Therefore, in light of the foregoing discussion, there exists a need to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks associated withthe conventional communication systems and conventional methods for the communication systems.SUMMARYThe present disclosure provides a communication system and a method for the communication system configured to estimatechannel state information (CSI) based on a channel estimator transformer model. Furthermore, the present disclosure a transmitting device and a receiving device to be operated in the communication system configured to estimate CSI based on a channel estimator transformer model, such as by providing a dynamic positional encoding transformer for channel estimation. The present disclosure provides a solution to the existing problem of how to provide a unified channel estimator that could adapt to the different transmitted pilot patterns. An objective of the present disclosure is to provide a solution that overcomes at least partially the problems encountered in the prior art and provides the communication system and the method for the communication system for dynamic positional encoding transformer for channel estimation.One or more objectives of the present disclosure are achieved by the solutions provided in the enclosed independent claims.Advantageous implementations of the present disclosure are further defined in the dependent claims.In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a communication system configured to estimate Channel State Information (CSI)based on a channel estimator transformer model. Moreover, the communication system comprises a transmitting device and a receiving device, the transmitting device comprising a transmitting controller and a transmitting radio link, and the receiving device comprising a receiving controller and a receiving radio link. The transmitting controller is configured to generate ageneric pilot pattern set (Ω) that includes a plurality of potential pilot patterns (^^ , , wherein a pilot pattern includesinformation on at what time and frequency the pilot signal would be transmitted according to the pilot pattern, map the genericpilot pattern set into a positional encoding indices set ^ and a positional embedding indices set ^; ^: ^ = ^(Ω), : generate apositional encoding sequence (PEK) with positional embedding indices ^^ ∈ ^ and positional encoding indices ^^ ∈ ^, PE(^^ , ^^),for a pilot pattern Ω map the positional encoding sequence (PE) into the generic pilot pattern (Ω) thereby generating a PositionalEncoding-Embedded Pilot, PEEP, training signal, transmit the generic pilot pattern set (Ω) to the receiving device, and transmitthe PEEP training signals according to the generic pilot pattern set (Ω) to the receiving device. Moreover, the receivingcontroller is configured to receive the generic pilot pattern set (Ω), receive the transmitted PEEP training signals, and train the channel estimator transformer model based on the transmitted PEEP training signals and the generic pilot pattern set (Ω). Advantageously, the Positional Encoding-Embedded Pilot (PEEP) training signals are used to enhance the efficiency andaccuracy of the Channel State Information (CSI) estimation of the communication system. By embedding the positionalencoding information directly into the pilot signals, the communication system is configured to eliminate the requirement of explicit signalling of pilot patterns between the transmitting devices and the receiving devices, which reduces the overall signalling overhead of the communication system. The generation of the generic pilot pattern set (Ω) includes multiple potential pilot patterns that can be used to accurately estimate the channel state without any requirement of the specific pilot pattern used during transmission. Moreover, the channel estimator transformer model is trained using the PEEP signals and the generic pilotpattern set (Ω), which includes all possible patterns in order to ensure that the channel estimator transformer model is used tohandle various pilot patterns during inference, leading to more robust and reliable channel estimation. Furthermore, the positional encoding sequence is mapped directly into the pilot pattern due to which the channel estimator model does not require retraining or fine-tuning when different pilot patterns are used. The integration of positional encoding indices and embedding indices into the pilot signals allows the receiving device to utilize more detailed and structured information during channel estimation that leads to an improved accuracy and performance of the communication system even in varying and dynamic wireless environments. As a result, the communication system is configured to provides an efficient, adaptable, and accurate CSI estimation.In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for estimating Channel State Information, CSI, based on a channelestimator transformer model in a communication system comprising a transmitting device and a receiving device, the transmitting device comprising a transmitting controller and a transmitting radio link, and the receiving device comprising a receiving controller and a receiving radio link. Moreover, the method comprises the transmitting controller generating a genericpilot pattern set (Ω) that includes a plurality of potential pilot patterns wherein a pilot pattern includesinformation on at what time and frequency the pilot signal would be transmitted according to the pilot pattern, mapping thegeneric pilot pattern set into a positional encoding indices set ^ and a positional embedding indices set ^; ^: ^ = ^(Ω), :generating a positional encoding sequence (PEK) with positional embedding indices ^^ ∈ ^ and positional encoding indices ^^ ∈^, PE(^^ , ^^), for a pilot pattern Ω, mapping the positional encoding sequence (PE) into the generic pilot pattern (Ω) therebygenerating a Positional Encoding-Embedded Pilot, PEEP, training signal, transmitting the generic pilot pattern set (Ω) to thereceiving device, and transmitting the PEEP training signals according to the generic pilot pattern set (Ω) to the receivingdevice. The method comprises the receiving controller receiving the generic pilot pattern set (Ω), receiving the transmitted PEEP training signals, and training the channel estimator transformer model based on the transmitted PEEP signals and the generic pilot pattern set (Ω).The method achieves all the advantages and technical effects of the communication system of the present disclosure.It is to be appreciated that all the aforementioned implementation forms can be combined.It has to be noted that all devices, elements, circuitry, units, and means described in the present application could beimplemented in the software or hardware elements or any kind of combination thereof. All steps which are performed by thevarious entities described in the present application, as well as the functionalities described to be performed by the variousentities are intended to mean that the respective entity is adapted to or configured to perform the respective steps and functionalities. Even if, in the following description of specific embodiments, a specific functionality or step to be performed by external entities is not reflected in the description of a specific detailed element of that entity which performs that specific step or functionality, it should be clear for a skilled person that these methods and functionalities can be implemented in respective software or hardware elements, or any kind of combination thereof. It will be appreciated that features of the present disclosure are susceptible to being combined in various combinations without departing from the scope of the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims.Additional aspects, advantages, features, and objects of the present disclosure would be made apparent from the drawings andthe detailed description of the illustrative implementations construed in conjunction with the appended claims that follow. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The summary above, as well as the following detailed description of illustrative embodiments, is better understood when read in conjunction with the appended drawings. For the purpose of illustrating the present disclosure, exemplary constructions of the disclosure are shown in the drawings. However, the present disclosure is not limited to specific methods and instrumentalities disclosed herein. Moreover, those in the art will understand that the drawings are not to scale. Wherever possible, like elements have been indicated by identical numbers. Embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the following diagrams wherein: FIG.1 is a block diagram that illustrates a communication system to estimate Channel State Information (CSI) based on a channel estimator transformer model, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a method for a communication system configured to estimate Channel State Information based on a channel estimator transformer model, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; FIG. 3 is a diagram that illustrates a block diagram of a transmitting device configured to operate in a communicationsystem configured to estimate CSI based on a channel estimator transformer model, in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent disclosure; FIG.4 is a flowchart of a method for use in a transmitting device configured to generate the PEEP signals that are further utilized to estimate Channel State Information based on a channel estimator transformer model, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; FIG. 5 is a block diagram that depicts a receiving device configured to estimate Channel State Information (CSI)based on a channel estimator transformer model, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a method for use in a receiving device configured to train a channel estimator transformermodel to estimate the Channel State Information, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; andFIG. 7 is a diagram that depicts an exemplary scenario of training pilot pattern design, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. In the accompanying drawings, an underlined number is employed to represent an item over which the underlined number is positioned or an item to which the underlined number is adjacent. A non-underlined number relates to an item identified by a line linking the non-underlined number to the item. When a number is non-underlined and accompanied by an associated arrow, the non-underlined number is used to identify a general item at which the arrow is pointing. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS The following detailed description illustrates embodiments of the present disclosure and ways in which they can be implemented. Although some modes of carrying out the present disclosure have been disclosed, those skilled in the art would recognize that other embodiments for carrying out or practicing the present disclosure are also possible. FIG. 1 is a block diagram that illustrates a communication system to estimate Channel State Information (CSI) based on a channel estimator transformer model, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. With reference to FIG.1, there is shown a communication system 100 to estimate CSI based on a channel estimator transformer model. The communication system 100 includes a transmitting device 102 and a receiving device 104. The transmitting device 102 is configured to operate in the communication system 100 that is configured to generate a generic pilot pattern set that includes a plurality of potential pilot patterns. In an implementation, the transmitting device 102 includesa transmitting controller 106 and a transmitting radio link 108. The transmitting radio link 108 is configured to facilitate thetransmission of the generic pilot pattern to the receiving device 104. Similarly, the receiving device 104 is configured to train the channel estimator transformer model based on the transmitted PEEP training signals and the generic pilot pattern set. In animplementation, the transmitting device 102 includes a receiving controller 110 and a receiving radio link 112. Moreover, thereceiving radio link 112 is configured to facilitate the inception of the generic pilot pattern set. Examples of the transmittingdevice 102 and the receiving device 104 may include but are not limited to user equipment, such as a computer, a personal digital assistant, a portable computing device, or an electronic device. The transmitting controller 106 is configured to generate the generic pilot pattern set that includes the plurality of potential pilot patterns and the receiving controller 110 is configured to receive the generic pilot pattern set and further train the channel estimator transformer model based on the transmitted PEEP training signals and the generic pilot pattern set. Examples of the transmitting controller 106 and the receiving controller 110 may include but are not limited to a central data processing device, a microprocessor, a microcontroller, a complex instruction set computing (CISC) processor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) processor, a reduced instruction set (RISC) processor, a very long instruction word (VLIW) processor, a statemachine, and other processors or control circuitry.There is provided the communication system 100 configured to estimate Channel State Information (CSI) based on a channelestimator transformer model. The CSI may include but not limited to a signal strength, interference, noise, and the like. Theestimation of the CSI based on the channel estimator transformer model is used to ensure an efficient and reliable datatransmission between the transmitting device 102 and the receiving device 104.In operation, the transmitting controller 106 is configured to generate a generic pilot pattern set (i.e., Ω) that includes a pluralityof potential pilot patterns (i.e., Moreover, a pilot pattern includes information on at what time and frequencythe pilot signal would be transmitted according to the pilot pattern. The set of the generic pilot patterns set is used to ensure that the channel estimator transformer model is capable to adapt to changing channel conditions without anu further retraining or refining of the same. As a result, the communication system 100 is configured to reduce the computational overhead and ensure quick response time.In accordance with an embodiment, mapping function is designed so that the position embedding indices set ^ representssubcarrier indices of pilots within generic pilot pattern set (Ω) and the position encoding indices ^ represents OFDM symbolsindices of pilots within generic pilot pattern set (Ω). The transmitting controller 106 is configured to perform the mappingfunction, which is used to provide the position embedding indices set (^) and the position encoding indices set (η) for each pilot pattern within the generic pilot pattern set (Ω). In other words, the mapping function assigns specific subcarrier indices to each pilot signal, determining the exact frequency channels where the pilots will be transmitted. Similarly, the mapping function assigns specific OFDM symbol indices to each pilot signal, determining the exact time slots for their transmission. As a result, the communication system 100 is configured to manage the pilot signal transmission accurately and effectively with an improved channel estimation and overall communication performance.In accordance with an embodiment, the transmitting controller 106 is configured to generate a pilot pattern to be used (^^),map the pilot pattern to be used (^^) into a positional encoding indices set and a positional embedding indices set ^^ , ^^ =^(^^), generate a positional encoding sequence (PEK) with positional embedding indices ^^ ∈ ^^ and positional encodingindices ^^ ∈ ^^, PEK(^^ , ^^), for the pilot pattern to be used , map the positional encoding sequence (PEK) into the pilotpattern to be used (^^) thereby generating a Positional Encoding-Embedded Pilot (PEEP) signal and transmit the PEEP signalaccording to the pilot pattern to be used (^^) to the receiving device 102. Moreover, the receiving controller 112 is configuredto receive the transmitted PEEP signal(s) and estimate a channel to be used based on the transmitted PEEP signal(s) utilizingthe channel estimator transformer model. By embedding the positional encoding directly into the pilot signals, the communication system 100 is configured to allow seamless adaptation to different pilot patterns without the need for additional signalling or retraining. The transmitting controller 110 is configured to generate the pilot pattern that is mapped into a positional encoding indices set and a positional embedding indices set using a predefined function. Furthermore, the PEEP signal is transmitted to the receiving device according to the pilot pattern. Moreover, such PEEP signals are used by the receiving device 102 to estimate the channel conditions through a channel estimator transformer model. As a result, the communication system 100 is configured to adapt to different pilot patterns without requiring retraining of the channel estimator model thereby improving the overall efficiency of the communication system 100 and leads to an accurate and reliable channel estimation. Furthermore, the transmitting controller 106 is configured to map the generic pilot pattern set into a positional encoding indicesset ^ and a positional embedding indices set ^; ^: ^ = ^(Ω). By mapping the generic pilot pattern set into the positionalencoding indices set and the positional embedding indices set, the communication system 100 is configured to incorporatepositional encoding into the pilot signals, which facilitates an accurate and efficient Channel State Information (CSI) estimation. As a result, the communication system 100 is configured to reduce signalling overhead and improve adaptability to various pilot patterns with enhanced overall performance. Furthermore, the transmitting controller 106 is configured to generate a positional encoding sequence (PEK) with positionalembedding indices ^^ ∈ ^ and positional encoding indices ^^ ∈ ^, PE(^^ , ^^), for a pilot pattern Ω. The generation of a positionalencoding sequence is further used to ensure that the pilot signals carry detailed positional information, leading to an accurate and reliable CSI estimation without the need for separate signalling of the pilot pattern with reduced signalling overhead and streamlining communication.Furthermore, the transmitting controller 106 is configured to map the positional encoding sequence (PE) into the generic pilotpattern (Ω) thereby generating a Positional Encoding-Embedded Pilot (PEEP) training signal. The PEEP signals are specializedpilot signals that are used in the communication system 100 by embedding the positional encoding information, such as time and frequency indices that are directly into the pilot patterns. Moreover, by incorporating this positional data within the pilot signals themselves, PEEP signals eliminate the need for explicit signalling of pilot patterns, thereby improving the efficiency and adaptability of the communication process. As a result, the generated PEEP training signal is used to enhance the accuracy and effectiveness of channel estimation in the communication system 100. Furthermore, the transmitting controller 106 is configured to transmit the generic pilot pattern set (Ω) to the receiving device104. The transmitting controller 106 is configured to generate the generic pilot pattern set, which includes multiple pilot patternsthat could be employed during communication. The transmitting controller 106 is configured to transmit the generic pilotpattern set to the receiving device 104 in order to anticipate and decode any of the included pilot patterns. By transmitting the generic pilot pattern set, the communication system 100 is configured to allow the receiving device 104 to accommodate a range of pilot patterns without the need for additional signalling for each specific pattern. Furthermore, the transmitting controller 106 is configured to transmit the PEEP training signals according to the generic pilotpattern set (Ω) to the receiving device 104. The transmission of the PEEP training signals according to the generic pilot patternset (Ω) ensures that the receiving device 104 is used to interpret and utilize the signals for Channel State Information (CSI) estimation. Moreover, the embedded positional information within the PEEP signals eliminates the need for separate signalling of pilot patterns, thereby enhancing the efficiency and reliability of the communication system 100.Furthermore, the receiving controller 110 is configured to receive the generic pilot pattern set (Ω). The receiving controller 110is configured to capture and store the generic pilot pattern set (Ω) as transmitted by the transmitting device 102. By receivingthe entire generic pilot pattern set (Ω), the receiving controller 110 is configured to ensures that the receiving device 104 isconfigured to handle any pilot pattern within the generic pilot pattern set that further allows the communication system 100 based on the varying channel conditions.Furthermore, the receiving controller 110 is configured to receive the transmitted PEEP training signals. The receivingcontroller 110 is configured to receive the transmitted the PEEP training signals in order to allow an accurate CSI estimation.Moreover, by receiving the PEEP training signals embedded with positional information, the receiving controller 110 isconfigured to estimate the channel state information with reduced complexity.Furthermore, the receiving controller 110 is configured to train the channel estimator transformer model based on thetransmitted PEEP training signals and the generic pilot pattern set (Ω). The training of the channel estimator transformer modelwith the PEEP training signals and the generic pilot pattern set (Ω) allows the receiving controller 110 to estimate the ChannelState Information (CSI) across a wide range of potential pilot patterns. In an implementation, the receiving controller 110 isconfigured to utilize the received PEEP training signals as an input data for training the channel estimator transformer modelfor providing a comprehensive training foundation. By training the channel estimator transformer model using the PEEP signals and the generic pilot pattern set (Ω), the channel estimator transformer model is configured to adapt to various pilot patterns, enabling accurate CSI estimation in different scenarios without the need for retraining or reconfiguration.In accordance with an embodiment, the transmitting controller 106 is further configured to transmit the mapping function (f)to the receiving device 104, whereby the receiving controller 110 is further configured to receive the mapping function (f) andtrain the channel estimator transformer model also based on the mapping function (f). The transmission of the mapping function(f) to the receiving device ensures that both the transmitting controller 106 and the receiving controller 110 have a consistentunderstanding of how the generic pilot pattern set (Ω) is mapped into positional encoding and embedding indices. Moreover,such interpretation is further used to training the channel estimator transformer model for precise CSI estimation and seamlesscommunication.In accordance with an embodiment, the transmitting controller 106 is further configured to transmit the positional encodingindices set (^) and the positional embedding indices set (^) to the receiving device 104 and the receiving controller 110 isfurther configured to receive the positional encoding indices set (^) and the positional embedding indices set (^), and train thechannel estimator transformer model also based on the positional encoding indices set (^) and the positional embedding indicesset (^). In other words, the transmitting controller 106 is configured to send the positional encoding indices set (η) and thepositional embedding indices set (^) to the receiving device 102 and incorporates the same into the training process for the channel estimator transformer model. Using the received positional encoding indices set (η) and positional embedding indicesset (^), the receiving controller 110 trains the channel estimator transformer model to accurately process the PEEP trainingsignals and estimate the channel state. As a result, the transmitting controller 106 is configured to ensure that the channelestimator transformer model is trained with precise information, resulting in reliable communication. In accordance with an embodiment, PE() is the positional encoding function designed as follows: where ^^^^^^ corresponds to the dimension of the channel estimator input vector and ^ is the index of the dimension. Thepositional encoding function is designed to incorporate the order and position of input sequences into the channel estimator model for capturing the temporal and spatial relationships between different positions in the sequence thereby allowing the channel estimator transformer model to analyse and process the data accurately. As a result, the communication system 100 is configured to provide an accurate Channel State Information (CSI) estimation while maintaining robustness in various communication environments and enhanced overall performance and reliability of the communication system 100. Advantageously, the Positional Encoding-Embedded Pilot (PEEP) training signals are used to enhance the efficiency andaccuracy of the Channel State Information (CSI) estimation of the communication system 100. By embedding the positionalencoding information directly into the pilot signals, the communication system 100 is configured to eliminate the requirementof explicit signalling of pilot patterns between the transmitting device 102 and the receiving device 104, which reduces theoverall signalling overhead of the communication system 100. The generation of the generic pilot pattern set (Ω) includesmultiple potential pilot patterns that can be used to accurately estimate the channel state without any requirement of the specific pilot pattern used during transmission. Moreover, the channel estimator transformer model is trained using the PEEP signals and the generic pilot pattern set (Ω), which includes all possible patterns in order to ensure that the channel estimator transformer model is configured to handle various pilot patterns during inference, leading to more robust and reliable channel estimation. Furthermore, the positional encoding sequence is mapped directly into the pilot pattern due to which the channel estimator model does not require retraining or fine-tuning when different pilot patterns are used. The integration of positional encoding indices and embedding indices into the pilot signals allows the receiving device to utilize more detailed and structured information during channel estimation that leads to an improved accuracy and performance of the communication system 100 even in varying and dynamic wireless environments. As a result, the communication system 100 is configured to provides an efficient, adaptable, and accurate CSI estimation. FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a method for a communication system configured to estimate Channel State Information based on achannel estimator transformer model, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. With reference to FIG. 2,there is shown a diagram that depicts a method 200 for the communication system 100 operating in a training phase, withoutaffecting the scope of the present disclosure.There is provided the method 200 for estimating Channel State Information (CSI) based on a channel estimator transformermodel in the communication system 100 comprising the transmitting device 102 and the receiving device 104.At step 202, the method 200 includes the transmitting controller 106 for generating a generic pilot pattern set (Ω) that includesa plurality of potential pilot patterns (^^ , ^^ , … , ^^) and a pilot pattern includes information on at what time and frequency thepilot signal would be transmitted according to the pilot pattern. The set of the generic pilot patterns set is used to ensure that the channel estimator transformer model is capable to adapt to changing channel conditions without anu further retraining or refining of the same. As a result, the communication system 100 is configured to reduce the computational overhead and ensurequick response time. At step 204, the method 200 includes mapping the generic pilot pattern set into a positional encodingindices set ^ and a positional embedding indices set ^; ^: ^ = ^(Ω). By mapping the generic pilot pattern set into the positionalencoding indices set and the positional embedding indices set, the communication system 100 is configured to incorporatepositional encoding into the pilot signals, which facilitates an accurate and efficient Channel State Information (CSI) estimation.As a result, the communication system 100 is configured to reduce signalling overhead and improve adaptability to variouspilot patterns with enhanced overall performance. At step 206, the method 200 includes generating a positional encodingsequence (PEK) with positional embedding indices ^^ ∈ ^ and positional encoding indices ^^ ∈ ^, PE(^^ , ^^), for a pilot patternΩ. The generation of a positional encoding sequence is further used to ensure that the pilot signals carry detailed positionalinformation, leading to an accurate and reliable CSI estimation without the need for separate signalling of the pilot pattern withreduced signalling overhead and streamlining communication. At step 208, the method 200 includes mapping the positionalencoding sequence (PE) into the generic pilot pattern (Ω) thereby generating a Positional Encoding-Embedded Pilot (PEEP)training signal. As a result, the generated PEEP training signal is used to enhance the accuracy and effectiveness of channel estimation in the communication system 100.At step 210, the method 200 includes transmitting the generic pilot pattern set (Ω) to the receiving device. By transmitting thegeneric pilot pattern set, the communication system 100 is configured to allow the receiving device 104 to accommodate a range of pilot patterns without the need for additional signalling for each specific pattern. At step 212 the method 200 includestransmitting the PEEP training signals according to the generic pilot pattern set (Ω) to the receiving device 102, whereby themethod 200 comprises the receiving controller 110 for receiving the generic pilot pattern set (Ω), receiving the transmittedPEEP training signals, and training the channel estimator transformer model based on the transmitted PEEP signals and the generic pilot pattern set (Ω). The training of the channel estimator transformer model with the PEEP training signals and the generic pilot pattern set (Ω) allows the receiving controller 112 to estimate the Channel State Information (CSI) across a wide range of potential pilot patterns. In an implementation, the receiving controller 110 is configured to utilize the received PEEP training signals as an input data for training the channel estimator transformer model for providing a comprehensive training foundation. By training the channel estimator transformer model using the PEEP signals and the generic pilot pattern set (Ω), the channel estimator transformer model is configured to adapt to various pilot patterns, enabling accurate CSI estimation in different scenarios without the need for retraining or reconfiguration.In accordance with an embodiment, the method 200 includes the transmitting controller 106 for generating a pilot pattern to beused , mapping the pilot pattern to be used (^^) into a positional encoding indices set and a positional embedding indicesset ^^ , ^^ = ^(^^), generating a positional encoding sequence (PEK) with positional embedding indices ^^ ∈ ^^ and positionalencoding indices ^^ ∈ ^^, PEK(^^ , ^^), for the pilot pattern to be used (^^) mapping the positional encoding sequence (PEK) intothe pilot pattern to be used (^^) thereby generating the PEEP signal, and transmitting the PEEP signal according to the pilotpattern to be used (^^) to the receiving device, whereby the method comprises the receiving controller 110 for receiving thetransmitted PEEP signal(s), and estimating a channel to be used based on the transmitted PEEP signal(s) utilizing the channelestimator transformer model. As a result, the communication system 100 is configured to adapt to different pilot patterns without requiring retraining of the channel estimator model thereby improving the overall efficiency of the communication system 100 and leads to an accurate and reliable channel estimation. Advantageously, the Positional Encoding-Embedded Pilot (PEEP) training signals are used to enhance the efficiency andaccuracy of the Channel State Information (CSI) estimation of the communication system 100. By embedding the positionalencoding information directly into the pilot signals, the communication system 100 is configured to eliminate the requirementof explicit signalling of pilot patterns between the transmitting device 102 and the receiving device 104, which reduces theoverall signalling overhead of the communication system 100. The generation of the generic pilot pattern set (Ω) includesmultiple potential pilot patterns that can be used to accurately estimate the channel state without any requirement of the specificpilot pattern used during transmission. Moreover, the channel estimator transformer model is trained using the PEEP signals and the generic pilot pattern set (Ω), which includes all possible patterns in order to ensure that the channel estimator transformer model is configured to handle various pilot patterns during inference, leading to more robust and reliable channel estimation. Furthermore, the positional encoding sequence is mapped directly into the pilot pattern due to which the channel estimator model does not require retraining or fine-tuning when different pilot patterns are used. The integration of positional encoding indices and embedding indices into the pilot signals allows the receiving device to utilize more detailed and structured information during channel estimation that leads to an improved accuracy and performance of the communication system 100 even in varying and dynamic wireless environments. As a result, the communication system 100 is configured to provides an efficient, adaptable, and accurate CSI estimation.The steps 202 to 218 are only illustrative, and other alternatives can also be provided where one or more steps are added, oneor more steps are removed, or one or more steps are provided in a different sequence without departing from the scope of the claims herein. FIG. 3 is a block diagram that depicts a block diagram of a transmitting device configured to operate in a communication system configured to estimate Channel State Information (CSI) based on a channel estimator transformer model, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG.3 is described in conjunction with elements from FIG.1. With reference toFIG. 3, there is provided a diagram 300 that includes the transmitting device 102. The transmitting device 102 includes thetransmitting controller 106, the transmitting radio link 108, a first memory 302, and a first network interface 304.The first memory is configured to store the generated generic pilot pattern set. Examples of implementation of the first memory 302 may include but are not limited to, an Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM), Dynamic Random-Access Memory (DRAM), Random Access Memory (RAM), Read-Only Memory (ROM), Hard Disk Drive (HDD), Flash memory, a Secure Digital (SD) card, Solid-State Drive (SSD), and / or CPU cache memory. The first network interface 304 refers is configured to allow the communication between the transmitting controller 106 andthe transmitting radio link 108. Examples of the first network interface 304 may include but are not limited to a computer port,a network socket, a network interface controller (NIC), and any other network interface device.There is provided the transmitting device 102 that is configured to estimate Channel State Information (CSI) based on a channelestimator transformer model in the communication system 100. The CSI may include but not limited to a signal strength,interference, noise, and the like. The estimation of the CSI based on the channel estimator transformer model is used to ensurean efficient and reliable data transmission between the transmitting device 102 and the receiving device 104. In operation, the transmitting controller 106 is configured to generate a generic pilot pattern set (Ω) that includes a plurality ofpotential pilot patterns (^^ , ^^ , … , ^^). Moreover, the pilot pattern set includes information on at what time and frequency thepilot signal would be transmitted according to the pilot pattern. The set of the generic pilot patterns set is used to ensure that the channel estimator transformer model is capable to adapt to changing channel conditions without anu further retraining or refining of the same. As a result, the transmitting controller 106 is configured to reduce the computational overhead and ensure quick response time.Furthermore, the transmitting controller 106 is configured to map the generic pilot pattern set into a positional encoding indicesset ^ and a positional embedding indices set ^; ^: ^ = ^(Ω). By mapping the generic pilot pattern set into the positionalencoding indices set and the positional embedding indices set, the transmitting controller 106 is configured to incorporatepositional encoding into the pilot signals, which facilitates an accurate and efficient Channel State Information (CSI) estimation. As a result, the transmitting controller 106 configured to reduce signalling overhead and improve adaptability to various pilot patterns with enhanced overall performance. Furthermore, the transmitting controller 106 is configured to generate a positional encoding sequence with positionalembedding indices ^^ ∈ ^ and positional encoding indices ^^ ∈ ^, PE(^^ , ^^), for a pilot pattern Ω. The generation of a positionalencoding sequence is further used to ensure that the pilot signals carry detailed positional information, leading to an accurate and reliable CSI estimation without the need for separate signalling of the pilot pattern with reduced signalling overhead and streamlining communication. Furthermore, the transmitting controller 106 is configured to map the positional encoding sequence (PE) into the generic pilotpattern (Ω) thereby generating a Positional Encoding-Embedded Pilot (PEEP) training signal and transmit the generic pilotpattern set (Ω) to the receiving device 104. The PEEP signals are specialized pilot signals that are used in the communicationsystem 100 by embedding the positional encoding information, such as time and frequency indices that are directly into the pilot patterns. Moreover, by incorporating this positional data within the pilot signals themselves, PEEP signals eliminate the need for explicit signalling of pilot patterns, thereby improving the efficiency and adaptability of the communication process. As a result, the generated PEEP training signal is used to enhance the accuracy and effectiveness of channel estimation in thecommunication system 100. Additionally, by transmitting the generic pilot pattern set, the communication system 100 isconfigured to allow the receiving device 104 to accommodate a range of pilot patterns without the need for additional signallingfor each specific pattern. Furthermore, the transmitting controller 106 is configured to transmit the PEEP training signals according to the generic pilotpattern set (Ω) to the receiving device, thereby enabling the receiving controller 110 to train the channel estimator transformermodel based on the transmitted PEEP training signals and the generic pilot pattern set (Ω). The transmission of the PEEP training signals according to the generic pilot pattern set (Ω) ensures that the receiving device 104 is used to interpret and utilize the signals for Channel State Information (CSI) estimation. Moreover, the embedded positional information within the PEEP signals eliminates the need for separate signalling of pilot patterns, thereby enhancing the efficiency and reliability of the communication system 100.In accordance with an embodiment, the transmitting controller 106 is configured to generate a pilot pattern to be used (^^),map the pilot pattern to be used (^^) into a positional encoding indices set and a positional embedding indices set ^^ , ^^ =^(^^), generate a positional encoding sequence (PEK) with positional embedding indices ^^ ∈ ^^ and positional encodingindices ^^ ∈ ^^, PEK(^^ , ^^), for the pilot pattern to be used (^^), map the positional encoding sequence (PEK) into the pilotpattern to be used (^^) thereby generating a Positional Encoding-Embedded Pilot (PEEP) signal and transmit the PEEP signalaccording to the pilot pattern to be used (^^) to the receiving device 102. Moreover, the receiving controller 112 is configuredto receive the transmitted PEEP signal(s) and estimate a channel to be used based on the transmitted PEEP signal(s) utilizingthe channel estimator transformer model. By embedding the positional encoding directly into the pilot signals, the communication system 100 is configured to allow seamless adaptation to different pilot patterns without the need for additional signalling or retraining. The transmitting controller 110 is configured to generate the pilot pattern that is mapped into a positional encoding indices set and a positional embedding indices set using a predefined function. Furthermore, the PEEP signal is transmitted to the receiving device according to the pilot pattern. Moreover, such PEEP signals are used by the receiving device 102 to estimate the channel conditions through a channel estimator transformer model. As a result, the communication system 100 is configured to adapt to different pilot patterns without requiring retraining of the channel estimator model thereby improving the overall efficiency of the communication system 100 and leads to an accurate and reliable channel estimation.Advantageously, the transmitting controller 106 is configured to ensure an accurate estimation of the channel state informationby generating the generic pilot pattern set that includes multiple potential pilot patterns and mapping these patterns into positional encoding indices and embedding indices by eliminating the need for separate signalling of pilot patterns, thereby reducing signalling overhead and improving the system's adaptability to various pilot patterns. Additionally, the PEEP signals are embedded with positional data such as time and frequency indices, allow the receiving device 104 to interpret and utilize the PEEP signals without requiring further signalling or retraining of the channel estimator transformer model. As a result, by embedding positional encoding directly into the pilot signals, the computational overhead of the communication system 100 is reduced with an improved response time. FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a method for use in a transmitting device configured to generate the PEEP signals that are further utilized to estimate Channel State Information based on a channel estimator transformer model, in accordance with anembodiment of the present disclosure. With reference to FIG. 4, there is shown a flowchart that depicts the method 400 for usein the transmitting device 102 configured to estimate Channel State Information based on a channel estimator transformer model.There is provided the method 400 that is used to estimate Channel State Information (CSI) based on a channel estimatortransformer model in the communication system 100. The CSI may include but not limited to a signal strength, interference,noise, and the like. The estimation of the CSI based on the channel estimator transformer model is used to ensure an efficient and reliable data transmission between the transmitting device 102 and the receiving device 104.At step 402, the method 400 includes generating a generic pilot pattern set (Ω) that includes a plurality of potential pilot patternswherein a pilot pattern includes information on at what time and frequency the pilot signal would betransmitted according to the pilot pattern. In an implementation, the transmitting controller 106 is configured to reduce thecomputational overhead and ensure quick response time. At step 404, the method 400 includes the mapping the generic pilotpattern set into a positional encoding indices set ^ and a positional embedding indices set ^; ^: ^ = ^. At step 406, the method400 includes generating a positional encoding sequence (PEK) with positional embedding indices ^^ ∈ ^ and positional encodingindices ^^ ∈ ^, PE(^^ , ^^), for a pilot pattern Ω. At step 408, the method 400 includes mapping the positional encoding sequence(PE) into the generic pilot pattern (Ω) thereby generating a Positional Encoding-Embedded Pilot, PEEP, training signal.Furthermore, at step 410, the method 400 includes transmitting the generic pilot pattern set (Ω) to the receiving device and atstep 412 the method 400 includes transmitting the PEEP training signals according to the generic pilot pattern set (Ω) to the receiving device thereby enabling the receiving device to train the channel estimator transformer model based on the transmitted PEEP training signals and the generic pilot pattern set (Ω).In accordance with an embodiment, the method 400 further includes the transmitting controller 106 for generating a pilotpattern to be used (^^), mapping the pilot pattern to be used (^^) into a positional encoding indices set and a positionalembedding indices set ^^ , ^^ = ^(^^), generating a positional encoding sequence (PEK) with positional embedding indices^^ ∈ ^^ and positional encoding indices ^^ ∈ ^^ , PEK(^^ , ^^), for the pilot pattern to be used , mapping the positionalencoding sequence (PEK) into the pilot pattern to be used (^^) thereby generating a Positional Encoding-Embedded Pilot(PEEP) signal, and transmitting the PEEP signal according to the pilot pattern to be used (^^) to the receiving device, therebyenabling the receiving device 104 to estimate a channel to be used based on the transmitted PEEP signal(s) utilizing the channelestimator transformer model. As a result, the communication system 100 is configured to adapt to different pilot patterns without requiring retraining of the channel estimator model thereby improving the overall efficiency of the communication system 100 and leads to an accurate and reliable channel estimation. Advantageously, the method 400 is used to ensure an accurate estimation of the channel state information by generating the generic pilot pattern set that includes multiple potential pilot patterns and mapping these patterns into positional encoding indices and embedding indices by eliminating the need for separate signalling of pilot patterns, thereby reducing signalling overhead and improving the system's adaptability to various pilot patterns. Additionally, the PEEP signals are embedded with positional data such as time and frequency indices, allow the receiving device 104 to interpret and utilize the PEEP signals without requiring further signalling or retraining of the channel estimator transformer model. As a result, by embedding positional encoding directly into the pilot signals, the computational overhead of the communication system 100 is reduced with an improved response time. The steps 402 to 412 are only illustrative, and other alternatives can also be provided where one or more steps are added, one or more steps are removed, or one or more steps are provided in a different sequence without departing from the scope of the claims herein. FIG.5 is a block diagram that depicts a receiving device configured to estimate Channel State Information (CSI) based on achannel estimator transformer model, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 5 is described inconjunction with elements from FIG.1. With the reference to figure FIG.5, there is provided a diagram 500, that includes the receiving device 104. The receiving device 104 includes the receiving controller 110 and the receiving radio link 112. The receiving device 104 further includes a second memory 502 and a second network interface 504.The second memory 502 is configured to store the generated pilot pattern set. Examples of implementation of the secondmemory 502 may include, but are not limited to, an Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM), Dynamic Random-Access Memory (DRAM), Random Access Memory (RAM), Read-Only Memory (ROM), Hard Disk Drive (HDD), Flash memory, a Secure Digital (SD) card, Solid-State Drive (SSD), and / or CPU cache memory. There is provided the receiving device 104 that is configured to estimate Channel State Information (CSI) based on a channelestimator transformer model in the communication system 100. The CSI may include but not limited to a signal strength,interference, noise, and the like. The estimation of the CSI based on the channel estimator transformer model is used to ensure an efficient and reliable data transmission between the transmitting device 102 and the receiving device 104.In operation, the receiving controller 110 is configured to receive a generic pilot pattern set (Ω). The receiving controller 110is configured to capture and store the generic pilot pattern set (Ω) as transmitted by the transmitting device 102. By receivingthe entire generic pilot pattern set (Ω), the receiving controller 110 is configured to ensures that the receiving device 104 isconfigured to handle any pilot pattern within the generic pilot pattern set that further allows the communication system 100 based on the varying channel conditions.Furthermore, the receiving controller 110 is configured to receive transmitted PEEP training signals. The receiving controller110 is configured to receive the transmitted the PEEP training signals in order to allow an accurate CSI estimation. Moreover,by receiving the PEEP training signals embedded with positional information, the receiving controller 110 is configured toestimate the channel state information with reduced complexity. Furthermore, the receiving controller 110 is configured to train the channel estimator transformer model based on the transmitted PEEP training signals and the generic pilot pattern set (Ω) and, the PEEP training signals have been transmitted according to the generic pilot pattern set, and the generic pilot pattern set(Ω)includes a plurality of potential pilot patterns (^^ , … , ^^). Moreover, the pilot pattern includes information on at whattime and frequency the pilot signal would be transmitted according to the pilot pattern. The training of the channel estimatortransformer model with the PEEP training signals and the generic pilot pattern set (Ω) allows the receiving controller 110 toestimate the Channel State Information (CSI) across a wide range of potential pilot patterns. In an implementation, the receivingcontroller 110 is configured to utilize the received PEEP training signals as an input data for training the channel estimatortransformer model for providing a comprehensive training foundation. By training the channel estimator transformer model using the PEEP signals and the generic pilot pattern set (Ω), the channel estimator transformer model is configured to adapt to various pilot patterns, enabling accurate CSI estimation in different scenarios without the need for retraining or reconfiguration. In accordance with an embodiment, the PEEP training signal has been generated by mapping the generic pilot pattern set intoa positional encoding indices set ^ and a positional embedding indices set ^; ^: ^ = ^(Ω), generating a positional encodingsequence (PEK) with positional embedding indices ^^ ∈ ^ and positional encoding indices ^^ ∈ ^, PE(^^ , ^^), for a pilot patternΩ mapping the positional encoding sequence (PE) into the generic pilot pattern (Ω). The PEEP training signals are used toembed detailed positional information directly into the pilot signals in order to allow the communication system 100 to perform Channel State Information (CSI) estimation accurately and efficiently, thereby reducing the need for separate signalling of pilot patterns in order to further reduce signalling overhead. In accordance with an embodiment, the receiving controller 110 is further configured to receive transmitted PEEP signal(s)and estimate a channel to be used based on the transmitted PEEP signal(s) utilizing the channel estimator transformer model.Moreover, the Positional Encoding-Embedded Pilot, PEEP, signal(s) is generated by generating a pilot pattern to be used (^^),mapping the pilot pattern to be used (^^) into a positional encoding indices set and a positional embedding indices set ^^ , ^^ =^(^^), generating a positional encoding sequence (PEK) with positional embedding indices ^^ ∈ ^^ and positional encodingindices ^^ ∈ ^^, PEK(^^ , ^^), for the pilot pattern to be used (^^) and mapping the positional encoding sequence (PEK) into thepilot pattern to be used (^^) . The receiving controller 110 is configured to estimate the channel conditions accurately by usingthe detailed positional information embedded within the PEEP signals. As a result, the need for additional signalling and allows the communication system 100 to adapt to various pilot patterns seamlessly. As a result, the overall efficiency, adaptability, and overall performance of the communication system 100 is enhanced, even in complex and varying channel conditions. Advantageously, the receiving device 104 is configured to efficiently and accurately estimate Channel State Information (CSI)using a channel estimator transformer model within the communication system 100. By receiving and storing the entire genericpilot pattern set (Ω) and the transmitted Positional Encoding-Embedded Pilot (PEEP) training signals, the receiving controller 110 is configured to handle a wide range of pilot patterns without requiring additional signalling or reconfiguration and further ensures that the communication system 100 can adapt to varying channel conditions while maintaining reliable and high-qualitydata transmission. The incorporation of detailed positional information within the PEEP signals further enhances the accuracyof CSI estimation, reducing complexity and overhead. Consequently, the communication system 100 is configured to provide an improved efficiency, adaptability, and overall performance, making it well-suited for operation in dynamic and challenging environments.FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a method for use in a receiving device configured to train a channel estimator transformer model toestimate the Channel State Information, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. With reference to FIG.6, there is shown a flowchart that depicts the method 600 for use in the receiving device 104 configured to estimate the CSIbased on the channel estimator transformer model.There is provided the method 600 that is used to estimate Channel State Information (CSI) based on a channel estimatortransformer model in the communication system 100. The CSI may include but not limited to a signal strength, interference,noise, and the like. The estimation of the CSI based on the channel estimator transformer model is used to ensure an efficient and reliable data transmission between the transmitting device 102 and the receiving device 104.At step 602, the method 600 includes receiving a generic pilot pattern set (Ω). By receiving the entire generic pilot pattern set(Ω), the receiving controller 110 is configured to ensures that the receiving device 104 is configured to handle any pilot patternwithin the generic pilot pattern set that further allows the communication system 100 based on the varying channel conditions.At step 604, the method 600 includes receiving transmitted PEEP training signals and at step 606, the method 600 includestraining the channel estimator transformer model based on the transmitted PEEP training signals and the generic pilot pattern set (Ω) and the PEEP training signals have been transmitted according to the generic pilot pattern set, and the generic pilotpattern set (Ω)includes a plurality of potential pilot patterns (^^, ^^ , Moreover, a pilot pattern includes information onat what time and frequency the pilot signal would be transmitted according to the pilot pattern. The receiving controller 110 isconfigured to receive the transmitted the PEEP training signals in order to allow an accurate CSI estimation. Moreover, byreceiving the PEEP training signals embedded with positional information, the receiving controller 110 is configured toestimate the channel state information with reduced complexity. Furthermore, the receiving controller 110 is configured to trainthe channel estimator transformer model based on the transmitted PEEP training signals and the generic pilot pattern set (Ω)and, the PEEP training signals have been transmitted according to the generic pilot pattern set, and the generic pilot pattern set(Ω)includes a plurality of potential pilot patterns (^^ , … , ^^). Moreover, the pilot pattern includes information on at whattime and frequency the pilot signal would be transmitted according to the pilot pattern. The training of the channel estimatortransformer model with the PEEP training signals and the generic pilot pattern set (Ω) allows the receiving controller 110 toestimate the Channel State Information (CSI) across a wide range of potential pilot patterns. In an implementation, the receivingcontroller 110 is configured to utilize the received PEEP training signals as an input data for training the channel estimatortransformer model for providing a comprehensive training foundation. By training the channel estimator transformer model using the PEEP signals and the generic pilot pattern set (Ω), the channel estimator transformer model is configured to adapt to various pilot patterns, enabling accurate CSI estimation in different scenarios without the need for retraining or reconfiguration. In accordance with an embodiment, the PEEP training signal has been generated by mapping the generic pilot pattern set intoa positional encoding indices set ^ and a positional embedding indices set ^; ^: ^ = ^(Ω), generating a positional encodingsequence (PEK) with positional embedding indices ^^ ∈ ^ and positional encoding indices ^^ ∈ ^, PE(^^ , ^^), for a pilot patternΩ mapping the positional encoding sequence (PE) into the generic pilot pattern (Ω). The PEEP training signals are used toembed detailed positional information directly into the pilot signals in order to allow the communication system 100 to perform Channel State Information (CSI) estimation accurately and efficiently, thereby reducing the need for separate signalling of pilot patterns in order to further reduce signalling overhead. Advantageously, the method 600 is used to efficiently and accurately estimate Channel State Information (CSI) using a channelestimator transformer model within the communication system 100. By receiving and storing the entire generic pilot patternset (Ω) and the transmitted Positional Encoding-Embedded Pilot (PEEP) training signals, the receiving controller 110 is configured to handle a wide range of pilot patterns without requiring additional signalling or reconfiguration and further ensuresthat the communication system 100 can adapt to varying channel conditions while maintaining reliable and high-quality datatransmission. The incorporation of detailed positional information within the PEEP signals further enhances the accuracy ofCSI estimation, reducing complexity and overhead. Consequently, the method 600 is used to provide an improved efficiency,adaptability, and overall performance of the communication system 100.The steps 602 to 606 are only illustrative, and other alternatives can also be provided where one or more steps are added, one or more steps are removed, or one or more steps are provided in a different sequence without departing from the scope of the claims herein. FIG.7 is a diagram that depicts an exemplary scenario of training pilot pattern design, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. With the reference to FIG.6, there is shown a design of pilot pattern training 700. The plurality of pilot patterns 702 represents various configurations of pilot signals used in the communication system 100. The plurality of pilot patterns 702 includes the frequencies (i.e., f1 to f12) on a vertical axis and time slots (i.e., t1 to t14) on ahorizontal axis. The first pilot pattern 702A represents the pilot resource elements scattered across the time-frequency grid. Thefirst pilot pattern 702A has pilots placed at different frequencies (i.e., f1, f2, f6) and time slots (i.e., t5, t9, t13). The scatteredarrangement of the pilot resource element allows for channel estimation across various pilot points in the time-frequencydomain, thereby providing a good balance between frequency and time-domain sampling of the channel. Further, a second pilotpattern 702B represents the pilot resource elements concentrated in specific frequency subcarriers (i.e., f3 and f7) across multipletime slots. The second pilot pattern 702B configuration may be particularly useful for scenarios where certain frequencysubcarriers are known to provide more reliable channel information. Furthermore, a third pilot pattern 702C represents adifferent arrangement with pilots placed at frequencies (i.e., f2 and f7), but at different time slots compared to the other patterns.The third pilot pattern 702C configuration provides yet another sampling of the time-frequency space, potentially capturingchannel variations that the other patterns might miss. The fourth pilot pattern 702D represents a unique arrangement of pilotresource elements with different arrangements with pilots placed at frequencies (i.e., f3, f6, f9, and f12), with the time slots (i.e., t2 and t10).The training pilot pattern 704 represents a comprehensive design that incorporates all the pilot positions from the individualpilot patterns (702A- 702D) into a single, unified pattern. The composite pilot pattern serves as a superset of all possible pilot configurations that might be encountered during the inference phase of channel estimation. The training pilot pattern 704 is used for designing the positional encoding scheme and training the attention-based channel estimator model. In animplementation scenario, during a training phase, a generic pilot pattern Ω is designed to include at least all the ^ supportedpilot patterns of the inference phase ^^, ^^ , … , ^^, such as the pilot patterns given below:-^ Ω= ^ ^^^^^Moreover, in such an exemplary scenario, the communication system 100 supports (^ = 4) pilot patterns within the inferencephase The transmitting device 102 is configured to generate a function (i.e., ^(. )) that maps generic pilot pattern(Ω) into position embedding indices set ^ and positional encoding indices set (e.g., ^ , ^ = ^(Ω)). Moreover, the mappingfunction could be designed so that the position embedding indices set ^ represents subcarrier indices of pilots within genericpilot pattern Ω (e.g., ^ = {1,4,7,10}) and the position encoding indices ^ represents OFDM symbols indices of pilots withingeneric pilot pattern Ω (e.g., ^ = {1,2,5,8,9,12}). When pilot pattern ^^ is used for the transmission of pilots during training,the designed mapping function is used to get the corresponding position embedding and encoding indices sets, ^^and ^^respectively, by ^^ , ^^ = ^(^^). For example, when ^^ is to be transmitted, then ^^ = {2,9} and ^^ = {1,7}. Additionally,different positional encoding sequences could be used as pilot signals. For example, the positional encoding functions are adapted as shown in equation (1 and 2), given below: Moreover, the designed positional encoding sequence is mapped to the corresponding pilot pattern ^^ and transmitted and allthe ^ supported pilot patterns are considered during training. It should be noted that transmission during the training phasecould correspond to online or offline transmission. Thereafter, regardless of the adopted pilot pattern during transmission ^^,the receiving device 104 is configured to use the received signal at the generic pilot pattern Ω to train the channel estimatortransformer model. Furthermore, during the inference phase, the transmitting device 102 is configured to select a pilot pattern^^ (based on channel conditions) and the selected pilot pattern does not need to be signalled to the receiving device 104.Thereafter, the pilot pattern ^^is mapped into the positional embedding ^^and positional indexing ^^sets based on thedesigned mapping function ^(. ). For example, ^^ represents the set of subcarrier indices of the transmitted pilot pattern ^^and ^^represents the set of time domain symbol indices of the transmitted pilot pattern ^^. The positional encoding sequenceis generated using the selected positional encoding function during the training phase, for example, via equation 1 and 2 andthe positional embedding and encoding indices sets ^^ and ^^, correspondingly and the mapped positional encoding sequenceis transmitted to the receiving device 104. The receiving device 104 utilizes the received signals to for channel estimation, byusing channel estimator transformer model that does not require superposing a positional encoding sequence as an input sincepositional encoding information is already included within the transmission. Modifications to embodiments of the present disclosure described in the foregoing are possible without departing from the scope of the present disclosure as defined by the accompanying claims. Expressions such as "including", "comprising", "incorporating", "have", "is" used to describe and claim the present disclosure are intended to be construed in a non-exclusive manner, namely allowing for items, components or elements not explicitly described also to be present. Reference to the singular is also to be construed to relate to the plural. The word "exemplary" is used herein to mean "serving as an example, instance or illustration". Any embodiment described as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments or to exclude the incorporation of features from other embodiments. The word "optionally" is used herein to mean "is provided in some embodiments and not provided in other embodiments". It is appreciated that certain features of the present disclosure, which are, for clarity, described in the context of separate embodiments, may also be provided in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features of the invention, which are, for brevity, described in the context of a single embodiment, may also be provided separately or in any suitable combination or as suitable in any other described embodiment of the disclosure.

Claims

CLAIMS 1. A communication system (100) configured to estimate Channel State Information, CSI, based on a channel estimatortransformer model, wherein the communication system (100) comprises a transmitting device (102) and a receiving device (104), the transmitting device (102) comprising a transmitting controller (106) and a transmitting radio link(108), and the receiving device (104) comprising a receiving controller (110) and a receiving radio link (112), whereinthe transmitting controller (106) is configured to generate a generic pilot pattern set ( Ω ) that includes a plurality of potential pilot patterns(^^ , ^^ , … ,wherein a pilot pattern includes information on at what time and frequency the pilot signalwould be transmitted according to the pilot pattern, map the generic pilot pattern set into a positional encoding indices set ^ and a positional embeddingindices set ^; ^: ^ = ^(Ω), :generate a positional encoding sequence (PEK) with positional embedding indices ^^ ∈ ^ andpositional encoding indices ^^ ∈ ^, PE(^^ , ^^), for a pilot pattern Ωmap the positional encoding sequence (PE) into the generic pilot pattern (Ω) thereby generating aPositional Encoding-Embedded Pilot, PEEP, training signal, transmit the generic pilot pattern set (Ω) to the receiving device, andtransmit the PEEP training signals according to the generic pilot pattern set (Ω) to the receiving device(104), whereby the receiving controller (110) is configured to receive the generic pilot pattern set (Ω), receive the transmitted PEEP training signals, and train the channel estimator transformer model based on the transmitted PEEP training signals and the generic pilot pattern set (Ω).

2. The communication system (100) according to claim 1, wherein the transmitting controller (108) is further configuredto transmit the mapping function (f) to the receiving device (104), whereby the receiving controller (110) isfurther configured to receive the mapping function (f) and train the channel estimator transformer model also based on the mapping function (f).

3. The communication system (100) according to claim 1, wherein the transmitting controller (106) is further configuredto transmit the positional encoding indices set (^) and the positional embedding indices set (^) to thereceiving node, whereby the receiving controller (110) is further configured to receive the positional encoding indices set (^) and the positional embedding indices set (^), andtrain the channel estimator transformer model also based on the positional encoding indices set (^) and thepositional embedding indices set (^).

4. The communication system (100) according to any preceding claim, wherein PE() is the positional encoding functiondesigned as follows:where ^^^^^^ corresponds to the dimension of the channel estimator input vector and ^ is the index of the dimension.

5. The communication system (100) according to any preceding claim, wherein the mapping function is designed sothat the position embedding indices set ^ represents subcarrier indices of pilots within generic pilot pattern set (Ω)and the position encoding indices ^ represents OFDM symbols indices of pilots within generic pilot pattern set (Ω).

6. The communication system (100) according to any preceding claim, wherein the transmitting controller (106) isconfigured to generate a pilot pattern to be used (^^), map the pilot pattern to be used (^^) into a positional encoding indices set and a positional embedding indices set ^^ , ^^ = ^(^^),generate a positional encoding sequence (PEK) with positional embedding indices ^^ ∈ ^^ and positionalencoding indices ^^ ∈ ^^, PEK(^^ , ^^), for the pilot pattern to be used (^^)map the positional encoding sequence (PEK) into the pilot pattern to be used (^^) thereby generating aPositional Encoding-Embedded Pilot, PEEP, signal, and transmit the PEEP signal according to the pilot pattern to be used (^^) to the receiving device (104),whereby the receiving controller (110) is configured to receive the transmitted PEEP signal(s), and estimate a channel to be used based on the transmitted PEEP signal(s) utilizing the channel estimatortransformer model.

7. A method (200) for estimating Channel State Information, CSI, based on a channel estimator transformer model in acommunication system (100) comprising a transmitting device (102) and a receiving device (104), the transmittingdevice (102) comprising a transmitting controller (106) and a transmitting radio link (108), and the receiving device(104) comprising a receiving controller (110) and a receiving radio link (112), wherein the method (200) comprisesthe transmitting controller (106)generating a generic pilot pattern set (Ω) that includes a plurality of potential pilot patterns (^^ ,… , ^^),wherein a pilot pattern includes information on at what time and frequency the pilot signal would be transmitted according to the pilot pattern, mapping the generic pilot pattern set into a positional encoding indices set ^ and a positional embeddingindices set ^; ^: ^ = ^(Ω), :generating a positional encoding sequence (PEK) with positional embedding indices ^^ ∈ ^ and positionalencoding indices ^^ ∈ ^, PE(^^ , ^^), for a pilot pattern Ωmapping the positional encoding sequence (PE) into the generic pilot pattern (Ω) thereby generating aPositional Encoding-Embedded Pilot, PEEP, training signal,map the positional encoding sequence (PEK) into the pilot pattern to be used (^^) thereby generating aPositional Encoding-Embedded Pilot, PEEP, signal, and transmit the PEEP signal according to the pilot pattern to be used (^^) to the receiving device forestimating a channel to be used based on the transmitted PEEP signal(s) utilizing the channel estimator transformermodel.

11. A method (400) for use in a transmitting device (102), wherein the transmitting device (102) being configured toestimate Channel State Information, CSI, based on a channel estimator transformer model in a communication system(100), wherein the method (400) comprises : generating a generic pilot pattern set (Ω) that includes a plurality of potential pilot patterns (^^ ,… , ^^),wherein a pilot pattern includes information on at what time and frequency the pilot signal would be transmitted according to the pilot pattern, mapping the generic pilot pattern set into a positional encoding indices set ^ and a positional embeddingindices set ^; ^: ^ = ^(Ω), :generating a positional encoding sequence (PEK) with positional embedding indices ^^ ∈ ^ and positionalencoding indices ^^ ∈ ^, PE(^^ , ^^), for a pilot pattern Ωmapping the positional encoding sequence (PE) into the generic pilot pattern (Ω) thereby generating aPositional Encoding-Embedded Pilot, PEEP, training signal, transmitting the generic pilot pattern set (Ω) to a receiving device, andtransmitting the PEEP training signals according to the generic pilot pattern set (Ω) to the receiving devicefor training the channel estimator transformer model.

12. The method (400) according to claim 11, wherein the method (400) further comprises:generating a pilot pattern to be used (^^), mapping the pilot pattern to be used (^^) into a positional encoding indices set and a positional embedding indices set ^^ , ^^ = ^(^^),generating a positional encoding sequence (PEK) with positional embedding indices ^^ ∈ ^^ and positionalencoding indices ^^ ∈ ^^, PEK(^^ , ^^), for the pilot pattern to be used (^^),mapping the positional encoding sequence (PEK) into the pilot pattern to be used (^^) thereby generatinga Positional Encoding-Embedded Pilot, PEEP, signal, and transmitting the PEEP signal according to the pilot pattern to be used (^^) to the receiving device forestimating a channel to be used based on the transmitted PEEP signal(s) utilizing the channel estimator transformermodel.

13. A receiving device (104) being configured to estimate Channel State Information, CSI, based on a channel estimatortransformer model, in a communication system (100), wherein the receiving device (104) is configured to:receive a generic pilot pattern set (Ω), receive transmitted PEEP training signals, and train the channel estimator transformer model based on the transmitted PEEP training signals and the generic pilot pattern set (Ω), wherein the PEEP training signals have been transmitted according to the generic pilot pattern set, and wherein the generic pilot pattern set (Ω) includes a plurality of potential pilot patterns (^^ , ^^, …, wherein apilot pattern includes information on at what time and frequency the pilot signal would be transmitted according to the pilot pattern.

14. The receiving device (104) according to claim 13, wherein the Positional Encoding-Embedded Pilot, PEEP, trainingsignal has been generated by mapping the generic pilot pattern set into a positional encoding indices set ^ and a positional embeddingindices set ^; ^: ^ = ^(Ω), :generating a positional encoding sequence (PEK) with positional embedding indices ^^ ∈ ^ and positionalencoding indices ^^ ∈ ^, PE(^^ , ^^), for a pilot pattern Ωmapping the positional encoding sequence (PE) into the generic pilot pattern (Ω).

15. The receiving device (104) according to claim 13 or 14, is further configured toreceive transmitted PEEP signal(s), and estimate a channel to be used based on the transmitted PEEP signal(s) utilizing the channel estimatortransformer model, wherein the Positional Encoding-Embedded Pilot, PEEP, signal(s) is generated by generating a pilot pattern to be used (^^), mapping the pilot pattern to be used (^^) into a positional encoding indices set and a positional embedding indices set ^^ , ^^ = ^(^^),generating a positional encoding sequence (PEK) with positional embedding indices ^^ ∈ ^^ and positionalencoding indices ^^ ∈ ^^, PEK(^^ , ^^), for the pilot pattern to be used (^^) , andmapping the positional encoding sequence (PEK) into the pilot pattern to be used (^^) .

16. A method (600) for use in a receiving device (104), wherein the receiving device (104) being configured to estimateChannel State Information, CSI, based on a channel estimator transformer model, in a communication system (100), wherein the method (600) comprises : receiving a generic pilot pattern set (Ω), receiving transmitted PEEP training signals, and training the channel estimator transformer model based on the transmitted PEEP training signals and the generic pilot pattern set (Ω), wherein the PEEP training signals have been transmitted according to the generic pilot pattern set, and wherein the generic pilot pattern set (Ω)includes a plurality of potential pilot patterns (^^, ^^ , …, wherein a pilotpattern includes information on at what time and frequency the pilot signal would be transmitted according to the pilot pattern.

17. The method (600) according to claim 16, wherein the Positional Encoding-Embedded Pilot, PEEP, training signalhas been generated by mapping the generic pilot pattern set into a positional encoding indices set ^ and a positional embeddingindices set ^; ^: ^ = ^(Ω), :generating a positional encoding sequence (PEK) with positional embedding indices ^^ ∈ ^ and positionalencoding indices ^^ ∈ ^, PE(^^ , ^^), for a pilot pattern Ωmapping the positional encoding sequence (PE) into the generic pilot pattern (Ω),18. The method (600) according to claim 16 or 17, wherein the method (600) comprises :receiving transmitted PEEP signal(s), and estimating a channel to be used based on the transmitted PEEP signal(s) utilizing the channel estimatortransformer model, wherein the Positional Encoding-Embedded Pilot, PEEP, signal(s) is generated bygenerating a pilot pattern to be used (^^), mapping the pilot pattern to be used (^^) into a positional encoding indices set and a positionalembedding indices set ^^ , ^^ = ^(^^),generating a positional encoding sequence (PEK) with positional embedding indices ^^ ∈ ^^ andpositional encoding indices ^^ ∈ ^^, PEK(^^ , ^^), for the pilot pattern to be used (^^) , andmapping the positional encoding sequence (PEK) into the pilot pattern to be used (^^) .

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