Water treatment device

Abstract

A water treatment device (1) according to the present disclosure comprises a filtration unit (2), a raw water inflow pipe (11), a chemical agent supply unit (3), a purified water discharge pipe (12) for taking out purified water after filtration from the filtration unit (2), a drain pipe (13) for taking out water that has cleaned the filtration unit (2), and a distribution head (5) that is disposed at the center of the water treatment device (1) and is connected to each member and pipe, the water treatment device having a configuration such that, by rotating a selector (7) located within the distribution head (5), a flow path connected to the distribution head (5) can be freely communicating or blocked, thereby making it possible to switch between a filtration mode and a backwash mode, whereby the initial purpose is achieved.

Description

Water treatment device

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a water treatment device that purifies water by filtration and chemical addition.

[0002] Water treatment devices using granular filter media are widely used in water purification plants, factories, etc. Such water treatment devices are mainly used for the purpose of removing impurities such as turbidity components in raw water. However, if they continue to capture impurities like a general filter, various problems will occur, such as an increase in pressure loss due to clogging of impurities, and the outflow of impurities to the latter stage of the water treatment device due to exceeding the capture limit of the filter. Therefore, as a general regeneration method, backwashing is used, in which raw water, treated water, etc. are passed through in the direction opposite to the filtration direction, and the captured impurities are discharged out of the system.

[0003] As shown in FIG. 10, in the water treatment device 101, during the filtration mode, the first branch portion 111 between the chemical supply portion 103 and the filtration portion 102 communicates the chemical supply portion 103 and the filtration portion 102, the second branch portion 112 between the water source and the chemical supply portion 103 communicates from the water source to the chemical supply portion 103, and the third branch portion 113 in the path of the purified water discharge pipe 104 communicates the filtration portion 102 and the end side of the purified water discharge pipe 104. On the other hand, during the backwashing mode, the first branch portion 111 communicates the backwash drain pipe 105 and the filtration portion 102, the second branch portion 112 communicates the water source and the backwash water supply pipe 106, and the third branch portion 113 communicates the backwash water supply pipe 106 and the filtration portion 102. With this mechanism, the operation mode can be switched by a valve switching operation, and it is possible to perform the filtration mode and the backwashing mode with one water source (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

[0004] Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2021 - 23832

[0005] In such a water treatment device, it is necessary to incorporate a plurality of valves and branch portions to switch the operation mode, resulting in a longer piping path and a larger device.

[0006] Therefore, the present disclosure aims to provide a compact water treatment device by integrating mechanical components, piping, and valves.

[0007] The water treatment apparatus according to this disclosure is a water treatment apparatus that filters raw water from a water source and extracts it as purified water, comprising: a filtration unit containing a filter medium; a chemical supply unit that supplies chemicals to the raw water; a distribution head connecting the filtration unit and the chemical supply unit; and a selector that rotates within the distribution head to switch the flow direction, wherein the filtration unit has a filtration inlet and a filtration outlet that communicate the inside and outside of the filtration unit, the chemical supply unit has a chemical supply inlet and a chemical supply outlet that communicate the inside and outside of the chemical supply unit, the upper surface of the distribution head has a first chemical connection port connected to the chemical supply inlet, and a second chemical connection port connected to the chemical supply outlet, the lower surface of the distribution head has a first filtration connection port connected to the filtration inlet, and a second filtration connection port connected to the filtration outlet, and the side surface of the distribution head has The selector has a raw water inlet connecting a raw water inlet pipe that supplies raw water from the water source to the distribution head, a purified water outlet connecting a purified water discharge pipe that takes out purified treated water to the distribution head, and a drain drain outlet connecting a drain drain pipe that takes out backwash water used to clean the filtration section to the distribution head, the upper part of the distribution head has an upper connecting passage that connects two connection ports that open on the upper surface of the selector, the selector has a plurality of flow paths, in filtration mode the selector connects the raw water inlet to the first chemical connection port, connects the second chemical connection port to the first filtration connection port, connects the second filtration connection port to the purified water discharge port, and closes the drain drain outlet, in backwash mode the selector connects the raw water inlet to the second filtration connection port, connects the first filtration connection port to the upper connecting passage, and connects the upper connecting passage to the drain drain outlet, A water treatment device that blocks both or either of the first chemical connection port and the second chemical connection port, and the purified water discharge port.

[0008] According to this disclosure, a compact water treatment device can be provided.

[0009] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall configuration of the water treatment apparatus in filtration mode according to Embodiment 1 of the present disclosure. Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the filtration section of the water treatment apparatus. Figure 3 is a top view of the chemical supply section of the water treatment apparatus in filtration mode. Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the chemical supply section and distribution head of the water treatment apparatus along line A-A. Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the chemical supply section and distribution head of the water treatment apparatus along line B-B. Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the chemical supply section and distribution head of the water treatment apparatus along line C-C. Figure 7A is a top view of the selector of the water treatment apparatus. Figure 7B is a cross-sectional view of the selector of the water treatment apparatus along line D-D. Figure 7C is a cross-sectional view of the selector of the water treatment apparatus along line E-E. Figure 7D is a cross-sectional view of the selector of the water treatment apparatus along line F-F. Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the overall configuration of the water treatment apparatus in backwash mode. Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the overall configuration of the water treatment apparatus in rinse mode. Figure 10 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a conventional water treatment apparatus.

[0010] The embodiments of this disclosure will be described below with reference to the drawings.

[0011] The water treatment device 1 according to this embodiment uses well water or water stored in a water tank as raw water and performs a filtration mode to remove metal ions and turbidity components contained in the raw water, a backwashing mode to discharge metal ion aggregates and turbidity components accumulated in the system by the filtration mode, and a rinsing mode to discharge any dirt remaining in the system during the backwashing mode.

[0012] Figure 1 shows the overall configuration of the water treatment apparatus 1 of this embodiment, as well as a schematic diagram showing the flow path in filtration mode.

[0013] As shown in Figure 1, the water treatment device 1 comprises a filtration unit 2, a chemical supply unit 3, a distribution head 5, and a selector 7. The pipe into which raw water flows to the water treatment device 1 is designated as the raw water inlet pipe 11, the pipe that delivers the water purified by the filtration unit 2 is designated as the purified water discharge pipe 12, and the pipe that discharges dirt in backwash mode and rinse mode is designated as the drain pipe 13.

[0014] Specifically, the water treatment device 1 has a filtration unit 2 containing filter media and a chemical supply unit 3 for adding chemicals to raw water. The filtration unit 2, the chemical supply unit 3, the raw water inlet pipe 11, the purified water discharge pipe 12, and the drain pipe 13 are connected via a distribution head 5. As will be described in more detail later, the distribution head 5 has a selector 7 that rotates inside to switch the flow path. Depending on the direction of rotation of the selector 7, the pipes and components connected to the distribution head 5 can be connected or disconnected, thereby controlling the direction in which the raw water flows.

[0015] Filtration unit 2 removes metal ions and turbidity components from raw water, thereby purifying the raw water. Dirt accumulated in filtration unit 2 is discharged outside the device by a backwashing mode, keeping filtration unit 2 clean and enabling repeated use. Backwashing mode is a process in which raw water is flowed in the reverse direction within filtration unit 2 to discharge dirt. Any dirt remaining in filtration unit 2 after backwashing mode is discharged outside the water treatment device 1 by a rinse mode.

[0016] The chemical supply unit 3 adds chemicals to the raw water, causing metal ions contained in the raw water to coagulate into substances that are poorly soluble in water, or causing turbidity components to coagulate, thereby making it easier for the filtration unit 2 to capture metal ions and turbidity components.

[0017] Raw water is supplied to the water treatment device 1 by an electric pump 4 connected to the raw water inlet pipe 11. Alternatively, instead of using the electric pump 4, a water storage tank containing raw water may be installed at a higher location, and the raw water may be supplied to the water treatment device 1 by the difference in elevation between the water storage tank and the water treatment device 1. Alternatively, a jointly operated water supply system in the region may be directly connected. In this embodiment, the water source includes wells, water storage tanks, water supply systems, and equipment that supplies raw water.

[0018] The electric pump 4 is used to draw up and discharge well water or water stored in a reservoir, and is driven by an electric motor. Examples of electric pumps 4 include centrifugal pumps such as volute pumps and turbine pumps, as well as vortex pumps (cascade pumps), jet pumps, axial flow pumps, and mixed flow pumps. Furthermore, if the well water level is low, it is preferable to use a submersible pump or similar underwater pump instead of a suction-type pump for the electric pump 4. For use in a typical household, the well depth should be approximately 1 to 10 meters for shallow wells, and 10 to 30 meters or more for deep wells. Considering the piping downstream of the water treatment device 1 and the head loss of the water treatment device 1, the electric pump 4 should have a head of 20 meters or more, with vortex pumps and jet pumps being more preferable. The flow rate discharged by the electric pump is, for example, approximately 5 to 100 liters per minute, but for general household use, a flow rate characteristic of approximately 5 to 50 liters per minute is more preferable.

[0019] The raw water inlet pipe 11, the purified water discharge pipe 12, and the drain pipe 13 should be made of a material and structure that can withstand the water pressure of the electric pump 4. Specifically, for durability and ease of processing, straight pipes and pipe fittings made of polyvinyl chloride resin, steel pipes, or composite materials thereof can be used. The nominal diameter should be large to reduce head loss, for example, a nominal diameter of 13 to 50 mm and a thickness of 1 to 5 mm is preferable. If it is difficult to select materials that can withstand the maximum pressure of the electric pump 4, a pressure reducing valve, a pressure regulating valve, or a relief valve should be installed between the electric pump 4 and the water treatment device 1.

[0020] (Filtration section) Next, the filtration section 2 will be explained using Figure 2.

[0021] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the filtration section 2.

[0022] The filtration unit 2 has a bottomed cylindrical tank 20 with an opening on the top surface, containing filter media and a water collection pipe 21, and purifies raw water by passing it through. The filter media inside the filtration unit 2 mainly consists of an upper layer 22 for filtering out impurities and a lower layer 23 for rectifying the flow. The filter media used in the upper layer 22 is activated carbon, manganese sand, anthracite, etc., and one to four types are used in layers according to the quality of the raw water. In this embodiment, the filtration action of the filtration unit 2 is centered on this upper layer 22. The filter media used in the lower layer 23 consists of gravel or resin with coarse holes to disperse the water entering and leaving the water collection pipe 21. In the lower layer 23, a layer of gravel with relatively large particle size is provided at the very bottom to improve water flow and prevent the filter media from flowing out from the bottom of the water collection pipe 21. The amount of filter media in the lower layer 23 should be about 1 / 2 to 1 times the diameter of the filtration unit 2. Furthermore, the total amount of filter media filling the upper layer 22 and the lower layer 23 should be approximately 1 / 4 to 4 / 5 times the internal volume of the filtration section 2.

[0023] The filtration unit 2 has a filtration inlet 24 and a filtration outlet 25 at the opening on its upper surface, and the filtration outlet 25 is connected to the water collection pipe 21. The filtration inlet 24 is connected to the first filtration connection port 63 of the distribution head 5, and the filtration outlet 25 is connected to the second filtration connection port 64.

[0024] In the filtration section 2, water flows as follows during filtration mode, and purified water is obtained from the filtration outlet 25.

[0025] [Flow path within the filter unit 2 during filtration mode and rinsing mode] Filter inlet 24 → Upper layer 22 → Lower layer 23 → Water collection pipe 21 → Filter outlet 25 In addition, dirt accumulated in the filter unit 2 during filtration mode can be discharged in backwash mode. During backwash mode, water flows as follows, and dirt is discharged from the filter inlet 24.

[0026] [Flow path within the filtration section 2 during backwash mode] Filtration outlet 25 → water collection pipe 21 → lower layer 23 → upper layer 22 → filtration inlet 24 (chemical supply section) Next, the chemical supply section 3 will be explained using Figure 3.

[0027] Figure 3 is a top view of the chemical supply unit 3 of the water treatment device 1 in filtration mode. Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the chemical supply unit 3 and distribution head 5 of the water treatment device 1 taken along line A-A. Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the chemical supply unit 3 and distribution head 5 of the water treatment device 1 taken along line B-B. Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the chemical supply unit 3 and distribution head 5 of the water treatment device taken along line C-C.

[0028] The chemical supply unit 3 is provided to promote the coagulation of metal ions and turbidity components contained in the raw water by the chemicals placed inside it, making them easier to capture in the filtration unit 2.

[0029] The drug supply unit 3 has a drug placement section 31, a drug passage 32, a recovery section 33, and a main drug passage 34 inside a bottomed cylindrical housing 30.

[0030] The housing 30 consists of a bowl-shaped base 30a provided at the bottom, a roughly cylindrical upper cover 30b that covers the base 30a, and a lid portion 36 that closes the opening at the top of the upper cover 30b. The lid portion 36 is detachably attached to the opening at the top of the upper cover 30b.

[0031] The drug placement section 31 is installed in the upper part of the housing 30, and the drug passage 32 rises vertically from the bottom surface of the housing 30 and is connected to the drug placement section 31. The recovery section 33 is located in the lower part of the housing 30 and is provided on the outer circumference of the drug passage 32.

[0032] Below the base 30a of the drug supply unit 3, there is a drug supply inlet 44 and a drug supply outlet 45, which are connected to the first drug connection port 61 and the second drug connection port 62 of the distribution head 5, respectively.

[0033] The housing 30 of the drug supply unit 3 has a main drug flow path 34 inside. The main drug flow path 34 is a flow path in which the drug flows from the drug supply inlet 44 to the first drug branching section 40, where it branches into two flow paths, and the two branched flow paths merge again at the second drug branching section 41. The main drug flow path 34 has a flow path that flows from the first drug branching section 40 to the second drug branching section 41, sequentially passing through the drug path 32, drug placement section 31, and recovery section 33, and a flow path that flows from the first drug branching section 40 to the second drug branching section 41, passing through the throttling section 37. In other words, one of the two channels branched at the first drug branching section 40 is a channel that flows from the first drug branching section 40 to the second drug branching section 41, sequentially through the drug path 32, drug placement section 31, and recovery section 33, and the other of the two channels branched at the first drug branching section 40 is a channel that flows from the first drug branching section 40 to the second drug branching section 41, via the throttling section 37.

[0034] The throttling section 37 is the channel with the smallest cross-sectional area in the main drug channel 34. The throttling section 37 is provided to divert a portion of the raw water flowing into the drug supply section 3 to the drug channel 32 and adjust the drug solution to the required concentration. The recovery section 33 is located in the lower part of the housing 30 and is provided on the outer circumference of the drug channel 32.

[0035] The chemical channel 32 is a small-diameter pipe erected with a chemical placement section 31 at its top. By reducing the diameter of the chemical channel 32 and placing the chemical placement section 31 at the top of the chemical channel 32, it is possible to bring the raw water into contact with the chemical at the desired flow rate. The size of the chemical placement section 31 is such that it is necessary to secure the amount (or number) of chemical placed therein so that a chemical solution of the desired concentration can be obtained with respect to the flow rate of the raw water.

[0036] In filtration mode, raw water flows into the chemical supply unit 3 from the chemical supply inlet 44, and at the first chemical branching section 40, a portion of the raw water branches off towards the chemical passage 32. The branched portion of raw water flows into the chemical passage 32, comes into contact with the chemical at the chemical placement section 31, and dissolves the chemical. The water in which the chemical has been dissolved passes around the outer circumference of the chemical passage 32 and is collected in the recovery section 33, where it merges with the water that branched off towards the throttling section 37 at the first chemical branching section 40 at the second chemical branching section 41. The raw water that merged at the second chemical branching section 41 flows out from the chemical supply outlet 45 of the chemical supply unit 3 to the second chemical connection port 62 of the distribution head 5.

[0037] By reducing the diameter of the chemical passage 32, a distance is secured between the chemical passage 32 and the inner wall surface of the housing 30. As a result, the liquid level of the water containing the dissolved chemical that flows into the housing 30 can be reduced to about half or less of the height of the housing 30. The water containing the dissolved chemical accumulates in the housing 30 at a desired depth, thereby adjusting the ratio of mixing with raw water in the second chemical branching section 41.

[0038] Furthermore, the flow rate of raw water that comes into contact with the drug at the drug placement section 31 can be adjusted by the flow rate of raw water flowing through the throttling section 37. In other words, by adjusting the diameter of the throttling section 37, the flow rate ratio of the raw water branched at the first drug branching section 40 can be adjusted. In this way, the drug concentration at the second drug branching section 41, after the two flow paths branched at the first drug branching section 40 merge, can be adjusted to a desired concentration.

[0039] Furthermore, by setting the amount of raw water flowing into the chemical supply unit 3 within a predetermined range and raising the liquid level inside the chemical supply unit 3 to a desired height, the chemical concentration of the raw water flowing out from the chemical supply unit 3 can be adjusted to a desired range.

[0040] The drug placement section 31 is equipped with a water-soluble, solid drug 49. It is preferable to use tablets or granules for the drug 49. This is because a large surface area of ​​the drug 49 is possible, allowing for a stable drug concentration. For tablets, a diameter of approximately 30 mm and a height of 10-20 mm is preferable; for granules, a diameter of 5-15 mm is preferable. This is because if the drug 49 is small, adjacent drug particles will come into contact with water simultaneously, causing them to stick together. As a result, only the lower part of the drug will come into contact with water, preventing the acquisition of a drug solution of the desired concentration. Furthermore, if the drug 49 is small, the contact area with the water supplied from the drug passage 32 increases, preventing the acquisition of a drug solution of the desired concentration. Therefore, the above-mentioned size of drug 49 is used to supply a drug solution of the desired concentration.

[0041] Furthermore, as described above, the chemical agent 49 works by oxidizing metal ions contained in the raw water to produce aggregates that are poorly soluble in water. Various chemical agents can be used as the chemical agent 49, but depending on the required water purification performance, coagulants such as PAC (polyaluminum chloride) may be used. When adding the chemical agent to the raw water, it is preferable that the chemical agent 49 is easily soluble in water, but when the addition of the chemical agent is interrupted, such as during shutdown or backwash mode, it is preferable that it maintains a solid shape and does not flow out from the chemical agent placement section 31. In this embodiment, trichloroisocyanuric acid is used as the chemical agent 49.

[0042] Furthermore, it is preferable to ensure that an air layer is always present inside the housing 30 of the chemical supply unit 3. Since the housing 30 is a sealed space, once the air is removed and the housing 30 is filled with water, the chemical 49 will continue to be in constant contact with the water and dissolve. In the water treatment device 1 according to this embodiment, air enters when the lid 36 of the chemical supply unit 3 is removed, and the air layer inside the housing 30 is maintained by periodically removing the lid 36 to supply the chemical 49. The lid 36 of the chemical supply unit 3 can also be removed for the purpose of replenishing the chemical 49 that has gradually decreased as it dissolves in the raw water.

[0043] Since each component of the drug supply unit 3 may be in contact with the drug for a long period of time, it is advisable to select materials with low reactivity to the drug and high strength, such as PVC (polyvinyl chloride), PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate), or PP (polypropylene). The outer diameter of the drug passage 32 should be kept to one-quarter or less of the inner diameter of the base 30a or the upper cover 30b. As mentioned above, a space for temporarily storing the solution after the drug has been supplied (i.e., a recovery section 33) can be provided outside the drug passage 32, which prevents the water level inside the housing 30 from rising rapidly and reaching the drug placement section 31. For example, if the inner diameter of the base 30a is 130 mm, it is advisable to use a PVC pipe with an outer diameter of about 25 to 40 mm.

[0044] (Distribution Head) FIG. 7A is a plan view of the selector 7 of the water treatment apparatus 1 as viewed from above. FIG. 7B is a D-D perspective view of the selector 7 of the water treatment apparatus 1. FIG. 7C is an E-E perspective view of the selector 7 of the water treatment apparatus 1. FIG. 7D is an F-F perspective view of the selector 7 of the water treatment apparatus 1.

[0045] Next, the configuration of the distribution head 5 and the overall flow path will be described using FIGS. 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7A to 7D.

[0046] The distribution head 5 has a substantially hollow shape and has a first chemical connection port 61, a second chemical connection port 62, a first filtration connection port 63, a second filtration connection port 64, a raw water inlet 51, a purified water outlet 52, and a drain drain port 53 that communicate between the inside and outside of the distribution head 5 and are connected to members and pipes.

[0047] On the upper surface of the distribution head 5, there are a first chemical connection port 61 and a second chemical connection port 62. The first chemical connection port 61 is connected to the chemical supply inlet 44 of the chemical supply unit 3, and the second chemical connection port 62 is connected to the chemical supply outlet 45 of the chemical supply unit 3.

[0048] On the lower surface of the distribution head 5, there are a first filtration connection port 63 and a second filtration connection port 64. The first filtration connection port 63 is connected to the filtration inlet 24, and the second filtration connection port 64 is connected to the filtration outlet 25.

[0049] On the lower surface of the distribution head 5, there are a raw water inlet 51, a purified water outlet 52, and a drain drain port 53. The raw water inlet 51 is connected to the raw water inflow pipe 11 that supplies raw water from a water source, the purified water outlet 52 is connected to the purified water discharge pipe 12 that extracts the purified treated water, and the drain drain port 53 is connected to the drain drain pipe 13 that extracts the backwash water for washing the filtration unit 2.

[0050] The distribution head 5 has a raw water inlet 51 connected to the raw water inflow pipe 11, a purified water outlet 52 connected to the purified water discharge pipe 12, a drain drain port 53 connected to the drain drain pipe 13, a first chemical connection port 61 connected to the chemical supply inlet 44, a second chemical connection port 62 connected to the chemical supply outlet 45, a first filtration connection port 63 connected to the filtration inlet 24, and a second filtration connection port 64 connected to the filtration outlet 25.

[0051] The distribution head 5 contains a rotating selector 7, which is rotated by a rotating part 8. The rotating part 8 includes a motor 16, a first gear 14, a gear connection part 84, and a second gear 15. The gear connection part 84 at the top of the selector 7 connects to the second gear 15, and the selector 7 rotates together with the second gear 15. The rotation of this second gear 15 allows the selector 7 to rotate in a first rotation direction and in a second rotation direction which is the opposite direction of the first rotation direction. The second gear 15 rotates by receiving power from the first gear 14, which is connected to the rotating shaft of the motor 16. Since high torque is required to rotate the selector 7, the gear ratio of the first gear 14 and the second gear 15 should be 1:5 or higher. In addition, it is preferable to use a high-torque motor such as a gear motor for the motor 16.

[0052] The selector 7 is roughly cylindrical in shape and has multiple flow channels. These multiple flow channels include a first connecting passage 71, a second connecting passage 72, a third connecting passage 73, a fourth connecting passage 74, and a fifth connecting passage 75. Specifically, the second connecting passage 72 is positioned at an angle 60 degrees from the first connecting passage 71 in the second rotation direction of the selector 7, the third connecting passage 73 is positioned at an angle 60 degrees from the first connecting passage 71 in the first rotation direction of the selector 7, the fourth connecting passage 74 is positioned at an angle 60 degrees from the third connecting passage 73 in the first rotation direction of the selector 7, and the fifth connecting passage 75 is positioned at an angle 60 degrees from the fourth connecting passage 74 in the first rotation direction of the selector 7. By making the angle between adjacent connecting passages 60 degrees or more, the position of each flow channel can be positioned near the center of the selector 7.

[0053] The first communication passage 71 and the third communication passage 73 are flow paths that penetrate (i.e., communicate with) the upper surface 81 and the side surface 82 (circumferential surface) of the selector 7. The second communication passage 72 and the fifth communication passage 75 are flow paths that penetrate the side surface 82 (circumferential surface) and the lower surface 83 of the selector 7. The fourth communication passage 74 is a flow path that penetrates the upper surface 81 and the lower surface 83 of the selector 7.

[0054] The selector 7 has a first communication passage 71 and a third communication passage 73 that pass through (i.e., communicate with) the top surface 81 and the side surface 82 of the selector 7, a second communication passage 72 and a fifth communication passage 75 that pass through the side surface 82 and the bottom surface 83 of the selector 7, and a fourth communication passage 74 that passes through the top surface 81 and the bottom surface 83 of the selector 7. By rotating the selector 7, the connection ports to each component and piping connected from the distribution head 5 can be connected or disconnected, and the direction in which raw water flows can be changed.

[0055] The upper part of the distribution head 5 has an upper communication passage 54 that connects two connection ports (first connection port 55 and second connection port 56) that open on the upper side of the selector 7. One end of the upper communication passage 54 is the first connection port 55 which opens downward (i.e., one-sided opening), and the other end of the upper communication passage 54 is the second connection port 56 which opens downward (i.e., other-sided opening).

[0056] Next, I will explain the flow path.

[0057] Figure 1 shows the flow path in filtration mode. As shown in Figure 1, in filtration mode, the first connecting passage 71 connects the raw water inlet 51 and the first chemical connection port 61, the fourth connecting passage 74 connects the second chemical connection port 62 and the first filtration connection port 63, the fifth connecting passage 75 connects the second filtration connection port 64 and the purified water discharge port 52, and the side surface 82 of the selector 7 blocks the drain outlet 53, causing water to flow as follows. The top surface 81 of the selector 7 blocks the first connection port 55 (opening on one side) and the second connection port 56 (opening on the other side) of the upper connecting passage 54, which will be described later.

[0058] [Flow path in filtration mode] In filtration mode, water flows in the following order: raw water inlet pipe 11 → raw water inlet 51 → first connecting passage 71 → first chemical connection port 61 → chemical supply unit 3 (chemical supply inlet 44 → chemical supply outlet 45) → second chemical connection port 62 → fourth connecting passage 74 → first filtration connection port 63 → filtration unit 2 (filtration inlet 24 → filtration outlet 25) → second filtration connection port 64 → fifth connecting passage 75 → purified water outlet 52 → purified water discharge pipe 12.

[0059] In the chemical supply unit 3 and filtration unit 2, when the raw water passes through the chemical supply inlet 44 followed by the chemical supply outlet 45 during filtration mode, chemicals are added within the chemical supply unit 3, and when the raw water passes through the filtration inlet 24 followed by the filtration outlet 25, impurities in the raw water are collected within the filtration unit 2.

[0060] Figure 8 shows the flow path of the water treatment device 1 during backwash mode.

[0061] As shown in Figure 8, in backwash mode, rotating the selector 7 60 degrees in the first rotational direction from the filtration mode connects the raw water inlet 51 and the second filtration connection port 64 via the second connecting passage 72, connects the first filtration connection port 63 and the first connection port 55 (one side opening) of the upper connecting passage 54 via the fourth connecting passage, and connects the second connection port 56 (the other side opening) of the upper connecting passage 54 and the drain port 53 via the third connecting passage. The side surface 82 of the selector 7 blocks the purified water outlet 52, and the top surface 81 of the selector 7 blocks the first chemical connection port 61 and the second chemical connection port 62. Note that if either the first chemical connection port 61 or the second chemical connection port 62 is blocked, water will not flow to the chemical supply unit 3, so it is sufficient to block either one. In this case, water will flow as follows.

[0062] [Flow path in backwash mode] In backwash mode, water flows in the following order: raw water inlet pipe 11 → raw water inlet 51 → second connecting passage 72 → second filtration connection port 64 → filtration section 2 (filtration outlet 25 → filtration inlet 24) → first filtration connection port 63 → fourth connecting passage 74 → first connection port 55 → upper connecting passage 54 → second connection port 56 → third connecting passage 73 → drain outlet 53 → drain pipe 13.

[0063] In backwash mode, water flows in the order of "filter outlet 25 → filter inlet 24" to discharge dirt from the filter section 2.

[0064] Figure 9 shows the flow path of the water treatment device 1 in rinse mode.

[0065] As shown in Figure 9, in rinse mode, when the selector 7 is rotated 120 degrees in the second rotation direction of the selector 7 from the backwash mode, the third connecting passage 73 connects the raw water inlet 51 and the first chemical connection port 61, the fourth connecting passage 74 connects the second chemical connection port 62 and the first filtration connection port 63, the fifth connecting passage 75 connects the second filtration connection port 64 and the drain outlet 53, the side surface 82 of the selector 7 blocks the purified water outlet 52, and the top surface 81 of the selector 7 blocks the first connection port 55 (opening on one side) and the second connection port 56 (opening on the other side) of the upper connecting passage 54.

[0066] [Flow path in rinse mode] In rinse mode, water flows in the following order: raw water inlet pipe 11 → raw water inlet 51 → third connecting passage 73 → first chemical connection port 61 → chemical supply unit 3 (chemical supply inlet 44 → chemical supply outlet 45) → second chemical connection port 62 → fourth connecting passage 74 → first filtration connection port 63 → filtration unit 2 (filtration inlet 24 → filtration outlet 25) → second filtration connection port 64 → fifth connecting passage 75 → drain outlet 53 → drain pipe 13.

[0067] In rinse mode, water flows through the filter unit 2 in the order of "filter inlet 24 → filter outlet 25," which discharges any dirt remaining in the filter unit 2 during backwash mode, and the chemical supply unit 3 adds chlorine to maintain the oxidizing power of the filter unit 2. After the rinse mode is finished, the filter can be returned to filtration mode by rotating the selector 7 60 degrees in the first rotation direction. To rotate the selector 7 by a predetermined angle using a motor, it is advisable to use a limit switch, Hall IC, or stepping motor to rotate the selector 7 by the predetermined angle.

[0068] The water treatment device described herein is useful as a small-scale household water treatment device used for purifying well water or stored water.

[0069] 1 Water treatment device 2 Filtration unit 3 Chemical supply unit 4 Electric pump 5 Distribution head 7 Selector 8 Rotating unit 11 Raw water inlet piping 12 Purified water discharge piping 13 Drain piping 14 First gear 15 Second gear 16 Motor 20 Tank 21 Water collection pipe 22 Upper layer 23 Lower layer 24 Filtration inlet 25 Filtration outlet 30 Housing 30a Base 30b Upper cover 31 Chemical placement unit 32 Chemical passage 33 Recovery unit 34 Main chemical passage 36 Cover 37 Restriction unit 40 First chemical branching unit 41 Second chemical branching unit 44 Chemical supply inlet 45 Chemical supply outlet 49 Chemical 51 Raw water inlet 52 Purified water discharge port 53 Drain port 54 Upper connecting passage 55 First connection port 56 Second connection port 61 First chemical connection port 62 Second chemical connection port 63 First filtration connection port 64 Second filtration connection port 71 First connecting passage 72 Second connecting passage 73 Third connecting passage 74 Fourth connecting passage 75 Fifth connecting passage 81 Top view 82 Side view 83 Bottom view 84 Gear connection section 101 Water treatment device 102 Filtration section 103 Chemical supply section 104 Purified water discharge piping 105 Backwash drain piping 106 Backwash water supply pipe 111 First branch section 112 Second branch section 113 Third branch section

Claims

1. A water treatment apparatus for filtering raw water from a water source and extracting it as purified water, comprising: a filtration unit containing filter media; a chemical supply unit for supplying chemicals to the raw water; a distribution head connecting the filtration unit and the chemical supply unit; and a selector that rotates within the distribution head to switch the flow direction, wherein the filtration unit has a filtration inlet and a filtration outlet that communicate the inside of the filtration unit with the outside of the filtration unit; the chemical supply unit has a chemical supply inlet and a chemical supply outlet that communicate the inside of the chemical supply unit with the outside of the chemical supply unit; the upper surface of the distribution head has a first chemical connection port connected to the chemical supply inlet and a second chemical connection port connected to the chemical supply outlet; the lower surface of the distribution head has a first filtration connection port connected to the filtration inlet and a second filtration connection port connected to the filtration outlet; and the side surface of the distribution head has The selector has a raw water inlet to which a raw water inlet pipe supplying the raw water from the water source is connected to the distribution head, a purified water outlet to which a purified water discharge pipe for extracting purified treated water is connected to the distribution head, and a drain drain outlet to which a drain drain pipe for extracting backwash water used to clean the filtration section is connected to the distribution head, the upper part of the distribution head has an upper connecting passage that connects two connection ports opened on the upper surface of the selector, the selector has a plurality of flow paths, in filtration mode the selector connects the raw water inlet to the first chemical connection port, connects the second chemical connection port to the first filtration connection port, connects the second filtration connection port to the purified water discharge port, and closes the drain drain outlet, in backwash mode the selector connects the raw water inlet to the second filtration connection port, connects the first filtration connection port to the upper connecting passage, and connects the upper connecting passage to the drain drain outlet, A water treatment device that blocks both or either of the first chemical connection port and the second chemical connection port, and the purified water discharge port.

2. The selector has a first connecting passage that penetrates the top surface of the selector and the side surface of the selector, a third connecting passage that penetrates the top surface of the selector and the side surface of the selector, a second connecting passage that penetrates the side surface of the selector and the bottom surface of the selector, a fifth connecting passage that penetrates the side surface of the selector and the bottom surface of the selector, and a fourth connecting passage that penetrates the top surface of the selector and the bottom surface of the selector, and in the filtration mode, the selector connects the raw water inlet and the first chemical connection port by the first connecting passage, connects the second chemical connection port and the first filtration connection port by the fourth connecting passage, and connects the second filtration connection port and the purified water outlet by the fifth connecting passage, and in the backwash mode, the selector connects the raw water inlet and the second filtration connection port by the second connecting passage, and connects the first filtration connection port and the upper connecting passage by the fourth connecting passage, The water treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the third connecting passage connects the drain outlet and the upper connecting passage.

3. In rinse mode, the selector connects the raw water inlet to the first chemical connection port, the second chemical connection port to the first filtration connection port, and the second filtration connection port to the drain port, as described in claim 1 or 2.

4. The water treatment apparatus according to claim 3, wherein, in the rinse mode, the selector connects the raw water inlet and the first chemical connection port by the third connecting passage, connects the second chemical connection port and the first filtration connection port by the fourth connecting passage, and connects the second filtration connection port and the drain port by the fifth connecting passage.

5. The water treatment apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the fifth passage is provided with a throttling section.

6. The water treatment apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the distribution head has a rotating part for rotating the selector, the rotating part having a motor, a first gear fixed to the rotation shaft of the motor, a gear connecting part fixed to the rotation shaft of the selector, and a second gear connecting the first gear and the gear connecting part, and the selector is rotated by the power of the motor.

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