Battery module, and battery pack and vehicle including same

Abstract

This battery module, according to one embodiment of the present invention, comprises: a battery cell stack in which a plurality of battery cells are stacked; and bus bar frame assemblies, each connected to either the front or the rear surface of the battery cell stack and extendable along the direction in which the plurality of the battery cells are stacked.

Description

Battery module, battery pack including the same, and automobile

[0001] The present invention relates to a battery module, a battery pack including the same, and an automobile.

[0002] Secondary batteries, which offer high applicability across product lines and possess electrical characteristics such as high energy density, are widely applied not only to portable devices but also to electric vehicles (EVs) or hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) powered by electric driving sources.

[0003] These secondary batteries are attracting attention as a new energy source for improving eco-friendliness and energy efficiency, as they not only have the primary advantage of being able to drastically reduce the use of fossil fuels but also the advantage of not generating any by-products from the use of energy.

[0004] Currently, widely used types of secondary batteries include lithium-ion batteries, lithium-polymer batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries, and nickel-zinc batteries. The operating voltage of these unit secondary battery cells, or unit battery cells, is approximately 2.5V to 4.6V. Therefore, if a higher output voltage is required, a battery module is formed by connecting multiple battery cells in series. Additionally, a battery module is formed by connecting multiple battery cells in parallel depending on the charge / discharge capacity required for the battery module. Accordingly, the number of battery cells included in the battery module can be set in various ways depending on the required output voltage or charge / discharge capacity.

[0005] Additionally, the battery module includes a case and a plurality of battery cells housed inside the case. The battery cells are formed in a structure in which an electrode stack is sealed. Electrode leads are connected to the electrode stack, and the electrode leads protrude outward. A plurality of busbars are connected to the front and rear of the case, respectively, and two or more electrode leads are welded to each busbar. The plurality of busbars are arranged in a line on the front and rear of the case.

[0006] However, as the battery module is charged and discharged for an extended period, gas is generated inside the battery cells, causing multiple battery cells to swell slightly. When multiple battery cells swell, their thickness increases slightly, causing them to shift to both sides.

[0007] As such, as the battery cell moves, tension is applied to the electrode lead connecting the battery cell and the busbar, and as this tension increases, there is a problem in that cracks occur in the electrode lead or the electrode lead is damaged or fractured.

[0008] In particular, the battery cell placed at the outermost edge is pushed outward by a distance equal to the sum of the increased thicknesses of the inner battery cells, causing it to move more than other battery cells. Consequently, the electrode lead connected to the outermost battery cell is subjected to the greatest relative tension, and there is a problem in that the risk of damage to the electrode lead is highest.

[0009] The present invention aims to prevent damage to the electrode leads caused by the expansion of the battery cell.

[0010] However, the technical problems that the present invention aims to solve are not limited to those described above, and other unmentioned problems will be clearly understood by a person skilled in the art from the description of the invention below.

[0011] A battery module according to an embodiment of the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problem comprises a battery cell stack having a plurality of battery cells stacked thereon, and a busbar frame assembly connected to the front and rear surfaces of the battery cell stack and extendable in the stacking direction of the plurality of battery cells.

[0012] The above busbar frame assembly may be composed of a plurality of frame parts that are detachably coupled in the stacking direction of the plurality of battery cells.

[0013] And when the plurality of battery cells expand, at least some of the plurality of frame parts constituting the busbar frame assembly may be configured to be separated.

[0014] In addition, when the plurality of frame parts are separated, they can be configured to move in the stacking direction of the plurality of battery cells.

[0015] In this way, when the plurality of frame parts are separated and moved, the total length of the busbar frame assembly can be extended in the stacking direction of the plurality of battery cells.

[0016] In one aspect of the present invention, the plurality of frame parts can be detachably joined to each other by hook coupling.

[0017] In addition, in another aspect of the present invention, the plurality of frame parts can be detachably joined to each other by a snap-fit ​​connection.

[0018] In addition, the battery module described above may further include a module frame that accommodates the battery cell stack equipped with the busbar frame assembly.

[0019] A guide groove may be formed on one side of the module frame, extending in the stacking direction of the plurality of battery cells to guide the movement of the plurality of frame parts.

[0020] Each of the plurality of frame parts constituting the busbar frame assembly may include one or more busbars electrically connected to the electrode leads of two mutually adjacent battery cells among the plurality of battery cells.

[0021] The above busbar frame assembly may include a front busbar frame assembly connected to the front of the battery cell stack and a rear busbar frame assembly connected to the rear of the battery cell stack.

[0022] In addition, the number of frame parts constituting the front busbar frame assembly and the number of frame parts constituting the rear busbar frame assembly may be configured differently.

[0023] In addition, the present invention provides a battery pack comprising at least one battery module according to the above-described embodiment and a pack case for accommodating the battery module.

[0024] In addition, the present invention provides a vehicle comprising at least one battery pack according to the above-described embodiment.

[0025] According to the present invention, damage to the electrode lead due to the expansion of the battery cell can be effectively prevented.

[0026] However, the effects obtainable through the present invention are not limited to those described above, and other unmentioned technical effects will be clearly understood by a person skilled in the art from the description of the invention below.

[0027] The following drawings attached to this specification illustrate preferred embodiments of the present invention and serve to further enhance understanding of the technical concept of the present invention together with the detailed description of the invention provided below; therefore, the present invention should not be interpreted as being limited only to the matters described in such drawings.

[0028] FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view for illustrating a battery module according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] FIG. 2 is a perspective view for explaining battery cells constituting a battery cell stack used in the battery module of FIG. 1.

[0030] FIG. 3 is a perspective view illustrating a busbar frame assembly used in the battery module of FIG. 1.

[0031] FIG. 4 is a drawing illustrating the state in which a plurality of frame parts constituting a busbar frame assembly are joined by hook coupling in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] FIG. 5 is a drawing illustrating a state in which a plurality of frame parts constituting a busbar frame assembly are joined by a snap-fit ​​connection in another embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 6 is a drawing for explaining the module frame used in the battery module of Figure 1.

[0034] FIGS. 7 and 8 are drawings for explaining the operating principle of a busbar frame assembly used in a battery module according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] FIG. 9 is a drawing for illustrating a battery pack comprising at least one battery module of FIG. 1.

[0036] FIG. 10 is a drawing for explaining a vehicle comprising at least one battery pack of FIG. 9.

[0037] The advantages and features of the present invention and the methods for achieving them will become clear by referring to the embodiments described below in detail together with the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed below but may be implemented in various different forms. These embodiments are provided merely to ensure that the disclosure of the present invention is complete and to fully inform those skilled in the art of the scope of the invention, and the present invention is defined only by the scope of the claims. Accordingly, in some embodiments, well-known process steps, well-known device structures, and well-known techniques are not specifically described to avoid the present invention being interpreted ambiguously. Throughout the specification, like reference numerals refer to like components.

[0038] In drawings, thicknesses may be enlarged to clearly represent multiple layers and regions. Throughout the specification, the same reference numerals are used for similar parts. When a part such as a layer, film, region, or plate is described as being "above" another part, this includes not only cases where it is "immediately above" another part, but also cases where there is another part in between. Conversely, when a part is described as being "immediately above" another part, it may mean that there is no other part in between. Furthermore, when a part such as a layer, film, region, or plate is described as being "below" another part, this includes not only cases where it is "immediately below" another part, but also cases where there is another part in between. Conversely, when a part is described as being "immediately below" another part, it may mean that there is no other part in between.

[0039]

[0040] A battery module (101) according to one embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3.

[0041] FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view illustrating a battery module (101) according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a perspective view illustrating a battery cell (110) constituting a battery cell stack (100) used in the battery module (101). FIG. 3 is a perspective view illustrating a busbar frame assembly (300) used in the battery module (101).

[0042]

[0043] Referring to FIG. 1, a battery module (101) according to one embodiment of the present invention includes a battery cell stack (100) and a busbar frame assembly (300).

[0044] In addition, a battery module (101) according to one embodiment of the present invention may further include a module frame (200) and an end plate (500).

[0045] A battery cell stack (100) can be formed by stacking a plurality of battery cells (110) along one direction. The direction in which the plurality of battery cells (110) are stacked may be the X-axis direction or the -X-axis direction in FIG. 1. At this time, the plurality of battery cells (110) may be electrically connected.

[0046] The direction from the front to the rear of the battery cell stack (100), or the opposite direction, can be defined as the length direction of the battery cell stack (100). This may be the Y-axis direction in FIG. 1.

[0047] Additionally, the direction from the upper surface of the battery cell stack (100) toward the lower surface, or the opposite direction, may be defined as the width direction of the battery cell stack (100). This may be the Z-axis direction in FIG. 1.

[0048] The longitudinal direction of the battery cell stack (100) may be substantially the same as the longitudinal direction of the battery cell (110). The electrode leads (111, 112) of the battery cell (110), which will be described later, may be located on the front and rear of the battery cell stack (100).

[0049] The battery cell (110) may be, for example, a pouch-type battery cell. The number of stacked pouch-type battery cells per unit area can be maximized. However, the battery cell (110) is not necessarily limited to a pouch type and may be a prismatic, cylindrical, or various other shapes of battery cell.

[0050] Referring to FIG. 2, the battery cell (110) may include an electrode assembly and a cell case that accommodates the electrode assembly. The cell case (115) of the battery cell (110) may be pouch-type for accommodating the electrode assembly. The cell case (115) may include a lower case and an upper case that covers the lower case, and the upper and lower cases may be formed integrally. Additionally, the connecting portion of the upper and lower cases may be formed in a structure that is folded. Furthermore, the upper case may completely cover the lower case, and a sealing portion (114) may be formed in the periphery. Both the upper and lower cases may be made of a laminate structure including an inner coating layer, a metal layer, and an outer coating layer. The inner coating layer is located inside the cell case (115) based on the metal layer and must have insulation and electrolytic resistance as it comes into direct contact with the electrode assembly. Additionally, for sealing from the outside, it is required to have excellent heat-bonding strength, that is, the sealing portion formed by heat bonding the inner layers together. The metal layer is positioned between the inner coating layer and the outer coating layer and serves as a barrier layer that prevents moisture or various gases from penetrating into the battery from the outside. A lightweight aluminum (Al) thin film with excellent formability can be used as a preferred material for the metal layer in contact with the inner coating layer. The outer coating layer is located on the outside of the cell case (115) relative to the metal layer. This outer coating layer can be made of a heat-resistant polymer with excellent tensile strength, moisture resistance, and air permeability resistance to ensure heat resistance and chemical resistance while protecting the electrode assembly. For example, nylon or polyethylene terephthalate can be used as the outer coating layer.

[0051] A receiving groove (116) may be formed in each of the upper and lower cases, and an electrode assembly may be received within the receiving groove (116) of the upper and lower cases. The electrode assembly received in the case (115) may be one of the following: a jelly-roll type electrode assembly having a structure in which a separator is interposed between long sheet-type positive and negative electrodes and then wound; a stack type electrode assembly consisting of unit cells having a structure in which rectangular positive and negative electrodes are stacked with a separator interposed between them; a stack-folding type electrode assembly in which unit cells are wound by a long separating film; and a lamination-stack type electrode assembly in which unit cells are stacked with a separator interposed between them and attached to one another.

[0052] Additionally, the electrode assembly may include two electrode tabs and two electrode leads (111, 112) each connected to the electrode tabs. The two electrode leads (111, 112) may each be connected to the electrode tabs by a weld.

[0053] One of the two electrode leads (111, 112) may be a positive lead connected to a positive tab, and the other electrode lead (111, 112) may be a negative lead connected to a negative tab.

[0054] A lead film (113) may be attached to each electrode lead (111, 112). The lead film (113) attached to the electrode leads (111, 112) is positioned between the electrode leads (111, 112) and the cell case (115) to prevent a short circuit from occurring between the electrode leads (111, 112) and the cell case (115) and to improve sealing power, thereby preventing leakage of the electrolyte.

[0055] Although the two electrode leads (111, 112) are shown as being placed on each side of the electrode assembly, they may be placed on only one side of the electrode assembly depending on the arrangement of the electrode tabs.

[0056]

[0057] Referring again to FIG. 1, the busbar frame assembly (300) is connected to the front and rear sides of the battery cell stack (100), respectively. That is, the busbar frame assembly (300) may include a front busbar frame assembly (310) connected to the front side of the battery cell stack (100) and a rear busbar frame assembly (320) connected to the rear side of the battery cell stack (100).

[0058] In this way, the busbar frame assembly (300) can cover the front and rear of the battery cell stack (100) and at the same time guide the connection between the battery cell stack (100) and an external device.

[0059] In addition, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the busbar frame assembly (300) is configured to be extendable in the stacking direction of a plurality of battery cells (110).

[0060]

[0061] Referring to FIG. 3, the busbar frame assembly (300) may be composed of a plurality of frame parts (305) that are detachably coupled in the stacking direction of a plurality of battery cells (110).

[0062] For example, when a plurality of battery cells (110) expand, at least some of the plurality of frame parts (305) constituting the busbar frame assembly (300) can be separated. And when the plurality of frame parts (305) are separated, they can move in the stacking direction of the plurality of battery cells (110).

[0063] As a result, as the plurality of frame parts (305) constituting the busbar frame assembly (300) are separated and moved, the total length of the busbar frame assembly (300) can be extended in the stacking direction of the plurality of battery cells (110).

[0064] Additionally, a plurality of frame parts (305) constituting the busbar frame assembly (300) may each include one or more busbars (301) electrically connected to the electrode leads (111, 112) of two mutually adjacent battery cells (110) among a plurality of battery cells (110). For example, the plurality of frame parts (305) constituting the busbar frame assembly (300) may be manufactured as injection molded products including busbars (301).

[0065] The busbar (301) can electrically connect the battery cell stack (100) or the battery cell (110) to an external device circuit. The busbar frame assembly (300) may include a plurality of busbars (301).

[0066] These busbars (301) can be electrically connected to the battery cell stack (100) through the electrode leads (111, 112) of the battery cell (110).

[0067] Specifically, the electrode leads (111, 112) of the battery cell (110) can be connected to the bus bar (301) after passing through the lead slit formed in the bus bar frame assembly (300). The battery cells (110) constituting the battery cell stack (100) can be connected in series or in parallel by the bus bar (301).

[0068] Due to this structure, as the battery module (101) is charged and discharged for a long time, gas is generated inside the battery cell (110), and as a result, the multiple battery cells (110) gradually swell, and as the thickness of the battery cells (110) gradually increases, even if the battery cells (110) are pushed and moved to both sides, the multiple frame parts (305) including one or more bus bars (301) are separated, and the gap widens in the stacking direction of the multiple battery cells (110), and the battery cells (110) move together with the expansion.

[0069] Accordingly, the tension applied to the electrode leads (111, 112) connecting the battery cell (110) and the busbar (301) can be minimized. Therefore, damage or breakage of the electrode leads (111, 112) can be prevented.

[0070] Additionally, the bonding force between the plurality of frame parts (305) can be set to be weaker than these by considering the tensile strength of the electrode leads (111, 112), the bonding force between the electrode leads (111, 112) and the battery cell (110), and the bonding force between the electrode leads (111, 112) and the bus bar (301).

[0071] Accordingly, before the electrode leads (111, 112) are damaged or broken, or before the electrode leads (111, 112) are separated from the battery cell (110) or busbar (301), the plurality of frame parts (305) move to reduce the tension applied to the electrode leads (111, 112).

[0072]

[0073] As illustrated in FIG. 4, according to one embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of frame parts (305) can be detachably joined to each other by hook coupling. FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary hook coupling structure (307).

[0074]

[0075] Additionally, as illustrated in FIG. 5, according to another embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of frame parts (305) can be detachably joined to each other by a snap-fit ​​connection. FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary snap-fit ​​structure (308).

[0076]

[0077] Referring again to FIG. 1, the end plate (500) can protect the battery cell stack (100) and the electrical components connected thereto from external physical impact by covering the open side of the module frame (200) to be described later. To this end, the end plate (500) may be manufactured from a material having a certain strength. For example, the end plate (500) may include a metal or plastic material such as aluminum.

[0078] Additionally, although not shown, an insulating member may be interposed between the end plate (500) and the busbar frame assembly (300).

[0079] The module frame (200) can accommodate a battery cell stack (100) equipped with a busbar frame assembly (300).

[0080] For example, the module frame (200) may include a frame body (210) that covers the lower and side portions of the battery cell stack (100), and a top plate (220) that is coupled to the upper portion of the frame body (210).

[0081] Additionally, a guide groove (213) may be formed on one side of the module frame (200) to guide the movement of a plurality of frame parts (305) constituting a busbar frame assembly (300), which is formed long in the stacking direction of a plurality of battery cells (110).

[0082]

[0083] Referring to FIG. 6, the guide groove (213) can be formed on the bottom edge of the frame body (210) of the module frame (200).

[0084] The edges of a plurality of frame parts (305) are inserted into the guide groove (213), thereby guiding the movement of the frame parts (305) so that when the plurality of frame parts (305) are separated and moved, the frame parts (305) do not move in a direction other than the stacking direction of the plurality of battery cells (110).

[0085]

[0086] Additionally, referring again to FIG. 1, the number of frame parts (305) constituting the front busbar frame assembly (310) and the number of frame parts (305) constituting the rear busbar frame assembly (320) may be set differently.

[0087] For example, the tension applied to the electrode leads (111, 112) according to the expansion of the battery cell (110) may vary depending on the position of the electrode leads (111, 112). By configuring the number of frame parts (305) constituting the front busbar frame assembly (310) and the number of frame parts (305) constituting the rear busbar frame assembly (320) differently, the tension of different magnitudes applied to the various electrode leads (111, 112) located in different places can be effectively reduced.

[0088]

[0089] According to this configuration, the battery module (101) can effectively prevent damage to the electrode leads (111, 112) due to the expansion of the battery cell (110).

[0090]

[0091] Hereinafter, with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8, a detailed operating principle is described for preventing damage to electrode leads (111, 112) as a plurality of frame parts (305) constituting a busbar frame assembly (300) are separated according to the expansion of a battery cell (110) in a battery module (101) according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0092] FIG. 7 shows the state before the battery cell (110) is expanded. That is, the plurality of frame parts (305) constituting the busbar frame assembly (300) are also not separated.

[0093] At this time, the number of frame parts (305) constituting the busbar frame assembly (300) facing the front of the battery cell stack (100) and the number of frame parts (305) constituting the busbar frame assembly (300) facing the rear of the battery cell stack (100) are configured differently.

[0094] FIG. 8 shows the battery cell (110) in an expanded state. As illustrated in FIG. 8, when the battery cell (110) expands, the thickness of the battery cell (110) increases and the battery cell (110) is pushed to both sides, and at this time, a plurality of frame parts (305) are separated and moved, causing a gap to open in the stacking direction of the battery cell (110).

[0095] Accordingly, the tension applied to the electrode leads (111, 112) connecting the battery cell (110) and the busbar (301) can be minimized. That is, even with the expansion of the battery cell (110), the tension applied to the electrode leads (111, 112) does not increase significantly, and thus, damage or breakage of the electrode leads (111, 112) can be prevented.

[0096]

[0097] FIG. 9 is a drawing for explaining a battery pack (10) including one or more battery modules (101) according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0098] One or more battery modules (101) according to one embodiment of the present invention as described above can form a battery pack (10).

[0099] The battery pack (10) can accommodate at least one battery module (101) inside the pack case (20) and may include various control and protection systems such as a Battery Management System (BMS) and a cooling system.

[0100] The pack case (20) may include a lower housing (21) and an upper housing (not shown) coupled to the upper side of the lower housing (21). A plurality of battery modules (101) may be stored in the internal space of the lower housing (21) and the upper housing.

[0101] The battery module (101) and battery pack (10) according to one embodiment of the present invention configured as described above can be applied to various devices. Specifically, they can be applied to means of transportation such as electric bicycles, electric vehicles (1), and hybrid vehicles, or to an Energy Storage System (ESS), but are not limited thereto and can be applied to various devices capable of using secondary batteries.

[0102]

[0103] FIG. 10 is a drawing for explaining a vehicle (1) including the battery pack (10) of FIG. 9.

[0104] Referring to FIG. 10, a vehicle (1) according to one embodiment of the present invention may include at least one battery pack (10) according to one embodiment of the present invention. The vehicle (1) according to one embodiment of the present invention may be, for example, an electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle, or a plug-in hybrid vehicle, and includes a battery pack (10) according to one embodiment of the present invention. The vehicle (1) includes four-wheeled vehicles and two-wheeled vehicles. The vehicle (1) operates by receiving power from the battery pack (10) according to one embodiment of the present invention. In addition, the vehicle (1) according to one embodiment of the present invention may further include various other components included in the vehicle in addition to the battery module (101) or the battery pack (10). For example, the vehicle (1) according to one embodiment of the present invention may further include a vehicle body, a motor, an electronic control unit (ECU), etc., in addition to the battery pack (10) according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0105]

[0106] Meanwhile, although terms indicating direction such as up and down have been used in this specification, these terms are used merely for convenience of explanation, and it is obvious to a person skilled in the art that they may vary depending on the location of the object or the position of the observer.

[0107] Although the present invention has been described above by limited embodiments and drawings, the present invention is not limited thereto, and it is obvious that various modifications and variations are possible within the scope of the technical spirit of the present invention and the equivalent scope of the claims described below by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs.

[0108] < Explanation of Symbols >

[0109] 1: Car

[0110] 10: Battery pack

[0111] 20: Pack case

[0112] 21: Lower housing

[0113] 101: Battery Module

[0114] 100: Battery cell stack

[0115] 110: Battery cell

[0116] 111, 112: Electrode leads

[0117] 200: Module Frame

[0118] 210: Frame body

[0119] 213: Guide Home

[0120] 220: Top Plate

[0121] 300: Busbar frame assembly

[0122] 301: Busbar

[0123] 305: Frame parts

[0124] 310: Front busbar frame assembly

[0125] 320: Rear busbar frame assembly

[0126] 500: End plate

[0127] The present invention can be used to provide a battery module and a battery pack that prevent damage to the electrode leads due to the expansion of the battery cell.

Claims

1. A battery cell stack in which a plurality of battery cells are stacked; and A busbar frame assembly connected to the front and rear surfaces of the battery cell stack, respectively, and capable of extending in the stacking direction of the plurality of battery cells. A battery module including 2. In Paragraph 1, A battery module characterized in that the above-described busbar frame assembly is composed of a plurality of frame parts that are detachably coupled in the stacking direction of the plurality of battery cells.

3. In Paragraph 2, A battery module characterized in that when the plurality of battery cells expand, at least some of the plurality of frame parts constituting the busbar frame assembly are separated.

4. In Paragraph 2, A battery module characterized by being movable in the stacking direction of the plurality of battery cells when the plurality of frame parts are separated.

5. In Paragraph 4, A battery module characterized in that when the plurality of frame parts are separated and moved, the entire length of the busbar frame assembly extends in the stacking direction of the plurality of battery cells.

6. In Paragraph 2, A battery module characterized in that the plurality of frame parts are detachably joined to each other by hook connection.

7. In Paragraph 2, A battery module characterized in that the plurality of frame parts are detachably joined to each other by a snap-fit ​​connection.

8. In Paragraph 2, A battery module characterized by further including a module frame that accommodates the battery cell stack mounted with the above busbar frame assembly.

9. In Paragraph 8, A battery module characterized by having a guide groove formed on one side of the module frame, extending in the stacking direction of the plurality of battery cells to guide the movement of the plurality of frame parts.

10. In Paragraph 2, A battery module characterized in that each of the plurality of frame parts constituting the busbar frame assembly includes one or more busbars electrically connected to the electrode leads of two mutually adjacent battery cells among the plurality of battery cells.

11. In Paragraph 2, The above busbar frame assembly is, A front busbar frame assembly connected to the front of the battery cell stack; Rear busbar frame assembly connected to the rear of the above battery cell stack A battery module characterized by including 12. In Paragraph 11, A battery module characterized by the number of frame parts constituting the front busbar frame assembly and the number of frame parts constituting the rear busbar frame assembly being different.

13. A battery module described in any one of paragraphs 1 to 12; and Pack case for accommodating the above battery module A battery pack including 14. An automobile comprising at least one battery pack as described in paragraph 13.

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