Multi-pole, multi-phase generator-motor and method of using same

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering. A multi-pole, multi-phase generator-motor comprises a fixed magnetic core (stator), a movable magnetic core (rotor), a magnet and a winding. The fixed magnetic core contains a base element which consists of a magnet with a magnetizing winding and with generating windings arranged on two sides of the magnet such as to provide for opposite magnetic flux reversals in the combined power winding when the movable magnetic core is moving. The magnetizing winding is fed by the power windings via a rectifier. The number of base elements is a multiple of 6 or 12. The base elements are offset from one another by an angle β = Т+ΔТ and are arranged uniformly at the vertices of regular polygons, where T is a period determined by the angular size of a tooth and a space of the rotor, and ΔТ is the same dimension divided by the number of phases required by the consumer. All of the power windings of the base elements are connected in series. The technical result is that of providing a multi-phase alternating voltage to the end consumer.

Description

[0001] MULTI-POLE, MULTI-PHASE GENERATOR-MOTOR AND METHOD OF ITS USE.

[0002] The invention relates to the generation, transmission, transformation and use of electric energy in electrical networks.

[0003] Currently, three- and two-phase generators and electric motors are the most widely used. The most common is a three-phase electrical network (found on the Internet https: / / ru.wikipedia.org / wiki / %D0%A2%Dl%80%Dl%91%Dl%85%Dl%84%D0%B0%D0% B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D 1 %8F_%D 1 %81 %D0%B 8%D 1 %81 %D 1 %82%D0%B5%D0%BC% D0%B0_%D 1 %8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D 1 %82%D 1 %80%D0%BE%D 1 %81 %D0 %BD%D0%B0%D0%Bl%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%Dl%8F#%D0%9C%D0%BE%D 1 %89%D0%BD%D0%BE%D 1 %81 %D 1 %82%D 1 %8C_%D 1 %82%D 1 %80%D 1 %91 %D l%85%Dl%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%Dl%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0 )

[0004] The transmitted power in a three-phase network is P = l / З* U* I, where U is the voltage of one phase, and I is the current in one phase.

[0005] The disadvantage of a three-phase network is the need to lay a three-wire power line.

[0006] Less common is the two-phase network (found on the Internet https: / / ru.wikipedia.org / wiki / %D0%94%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%85%D1%84%D0%B0

[0007] %D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%Dl%8F_%Dl%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%Dl%82%D 1 %80%D0%B8%D 1 %87%D0%B5%D 1 %81 %D0%BA%D0%B0%D 1 %8F_%D 1 %81 %D0%B 5 %Dl%82%Dl%8C#:~:text=%D0%94%D0%B2%Dl%83%Dl%85%Dl%84%D0%B0%D0%B 7%D0%BD%D 1 %8B%D0%B5%20%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D 1 %82%D 1 %83%D 1 %8 0%D 1 %8B%20%D0%BE%D0%B 1 %D 1 %8B%D 1 %87%D0%BD%D0%BE%20%D0%B8%D 1 %81 %D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D 1 %8C%D0%B7%D 1 %83%D 1 %8E%D 1 %82%20%D0% B4%D0%B2%D0%B5,%D0%BF%Dl%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%20%D0% B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%20%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%Dl %82%Dl%8C%20%D0%Bl%D0%BE%D0%BB%Dl%8C%Dl%88%D0%B8%D0%B9%20% D0%B4%D0%B 8%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D 1 %82%D 1 %80.) When transmitting electricity through a two-phase network, the phase shift is 90 degrees, and the transmitted power is determined by the formula P = 72 * U * I, where U is the voltage of one phase, and I is the current in one phase.

[0008] Thus, the disadvantage of a two-phase network with a 90-degree phase shift is the reduced transmitted power compared to a three-phase network. Furthermore, the disadvantages of a two-phase transmission network include the relatively limited scope of applications for alternating current with a 90-degree phase shift.

[0009] Currently, various methods are being proposed to reduce metal consumption and increase the throughput capacity of power supply networks.

[0010] Patent RU2172546 from 24.01.2000 proposes using pipelines with liquid or gaseous substances moving through them as a conductive channel.

[0011] International application PCT / RU2012 / 000485 dated 22.06.2012 proposes transmitting electromagnetic radiation over a two-wire electrical network at an adjustable frequency from 1 Hz to 20 GHz through special electromagnetic radiation converters.

[0012] Both methods require changes to the configuration of power grids, which is unlikely to be undertaken by electricity transmission companies, as this would require changing the entire configuration of the power grids currently in use.

[0013] The objective of the claimed invention is to increase the productivity and specific power of the existing and future transmission network, minimize the number of wires during the transmission of electricity and increase the throughput of a two-phase electrical network, compared to a three-phase network.

[0014] Given that end consumers are currently interested in receiving three-phase or single-phase current, when transmitting two-phase current, it becomes necessary to transform it to suit the needs of the consumer. This problem can be solved by converting a three-phase network to a two-phase one and / or by using a two-phase electric motor and a three-phase generator. A universal generator-motor is known (Eurasian Patent No. 043401 "Universal Generator-Motor", issued on May 23, 2023), comprising a fixed magnetic circuit (stator), a movable magnetic circuit (rotor), a magnet, and windings, wherein the fixed magnetic circuit contains at least one base element, which is assembled in the form of a magnet with generating windings located on either side of it in such a way that opposite changes in magnetic fluxes in the windings are ensured during the movement of the movable magnetic circuit.To enhance the magnetic flux, a magnetization winding is installed in the magnet's area, fed from the generator windings via a rectifier. In motor mode, AC voltage from the generator and control unit is supplied to the generator windings to control movement.

[0015] Since the generator windings in motor mode are used to generate torque for the motor generator and account for the maximum power in both the generator and motor rotation modes, for ease of understanding the operating principle, we will refer to the combination of two generator windings into one as a power winding in the following description. This will allow us to distinguish the power winding from the magnetization winding.

[0016] The claimed multi-pole, multi-phase generator-motor operates simultaneously as both a motor and a generator for converting (transforming) or obtaining multi-phase alternating voltage (with three or more phases).

[0017] Fig. 1 shows a two-phase generator based on a similar invention. The oscillation frequency period is determined by the angular width of the teeth and valleys on the generator rotor. If the base elements are arranged at an angle equal to or a multiple of the rotational angle corresponding to the rotor tooth and valley width, a single-phase generator-motor is obtained. The oscillation frequency in Hz will depend on the number of projections (teeth) on the moving element according to the formula:

[0018] F = N* N3y6 / 60 where

[0019] N – number of rotor revolutions per minute;

[0020] N tooth - number of teeth on the rotor.

[0021] The number of teeth in the rotor is similar to the number of pole pairs of a standard multi-pole generator:

[0022] F = p* N3y6 / 60, where p is the number of pole pairs of the multi-pole generator. Testing of a prototype manufactured using the patent's analogue fully confirmed these regularities. The phase shift was achieved with a high degree of precision and depended solely on the quality of the mechanical processing during rotor and stator manufacturing.

[0023] Tests have shown that the power of a conventional generator-motor depends on the number of base elements. To ensure the maximum number of base elements with the same rotor, the ratio of the number of base elements to the number of teeth in the rotor in a single-phase design should correspond to the formula:

[0024] N teeth = N b.e. *4, where N b.e. is the number of basic elements in the generator engine.

[0025] Fig. 2 shows a cross-section of a single-phase generator-motor with nine basic elements and 36 teeth on the rotor. Each basic element is shifted relative to its neighbors by an angular value equal to the output voltage oscillation period T, which is proportional to the total angular width of the tooth and valley on the toothed rotor.

[0026] T = pz + P vp, where:

[0027] T is the period of oscillation in angular values,

[0028] Рз is the angular value of the tooth width,

[0029] Р вп - angular value of the depression width

[0030] To increase the number of phases to the value required by the consumer, it is sufficient to add an additional period T to the rotor by adding one additional tooth and cavity.

[0031] In this case, the distance between the base elements will increase by an amount equal to

[0032] AT = T / N phases, where Nphase is the required number of phases in the generator-motor.

[0033] The total number of teeth in a multi-phase design will be equal to

[0034] N tooth = N b.e. *4 +1

[0035] The goal shift between the base elements will be equal to

[0036] P= T + AT Using this principle, a standard three-phase generator-motor can be converted into a six-phase one by changing the connection diagram of the power windings to a circular sequence.

[0037] Fig. 3 shows an example of a six-phase generator with six basic elements. For clarity, the magnetizing windings of the central magnetic core of the basic element are not shown in this diagram. The power windings are connected in a circular pattern, with the end of the first power winding connected to the beginning of the next. The last winding completes the circuit, as its output is connected to the input of the first winding.

[0038] From the connection points of the power windings F1...F6 of different base elements, the alternating voltage of different phases is removed.

[0039] An even number of phases allows increasing the voltage between opposite phases to 2* U.

[0040] The starting of a multiphase electric motor is ensured by a phase shift between the base elements at an angle equal to p = T + AT.

[0041] Fig. 4 shows a schematic representation of a 12-phase electric motor with a 30-degree phase shift. The power windings of all 12 basic elements, located at the corners of a regular dodecagon, are connected in series to form a single circular winding.

[0042] To tune this circular winding to the AC frequency of the power grid, a capacitor is connected between the opposite first and seventh phases, creating an oscillatory circuit, as shown in Fig. 5. The capacitor's capacitance is selected so that the resonant frequency of the oscillatory circuit is equal to the AC frequency of the power grid. This will minimize the impact of parasitic harmonics in the power grid on the operation of the electric motor.

[0043] To enhance this effect, one, two, or four capacitors can be installed between the phases shifted by 90 degrees, as shown in Fig. 6. Each of these capacitors, together with the windings between them, forms an additional oscillatory circuit. The capacitance of the additional capacitors is also calculated for a resonant frequency equal to the frequency of the AC power line voltage. The addition of additional oscillatory circuits tuned to the frequency of the AC power line voltage will increase the quality factor of the overall oscillatory circuit shown in Fig. 6.

[0044] As can be seen from Fig. 6, to fully utilize the potential of capacitors, a 90-degree phase shift must be ensured. To achieve this, the number of base elements must be a multiple of four. To ensure the operation of the generator-motor, the number of phases must also be a multiple of three. That is, to fully utilize all the potential, the total number of phases must be a multiple of twelve, since 12 = 3 x 4.

[0045] However, to ensure operation in three-phase mode, it is sufficient for the number of phases to be a multiple of six, since 6=2*3. This condition can be described as follows:

[0046] For a multi-pole, multi-phase generator-motor to operate, the number of base elements in it must be a multiple of 12, and it is sufficient if it is a multiple of 6.

[0047] Method of using a multi-pole, multi-phase generator in electrical networks.

[0048] The claimed invention proposes transmitting two-phase alternating voltage with a 180-degree phase shift over two wires. This will reduce the cost of power grids by reducing the need for three wires to just two of those already in existing lines. Furthermore, future networks can be designed with two wires, significantly reducing their cost.

[0049] The phase shift can be accomplished by any known method. For example, single-phase AC voltage from a power plant's AC source is supplied to the primary winding of an isolating transformer, as shown in Fig. 7. On the secondary winding, with its center grounded point, the AC voltage from the source is converted into two-phase AC voltage with a 180-degree phase shift. An even number of phases allows the voltage between opposite phases to be increased to 2* U. The receiver of the two-phase AC voltage with a 180-degree phase shift is a multi-pole, multi-phase generator-motor with a multiple of six or twelve phases.When a two-phase alternating voltage is applied to the connection points of the power windings of opposite phases, the generator-motor begins to rotate in idle mode and at the connection points of the power windings, alternating voltage of different phases arises, which is removed and transmitted to the end consumer of electricity.

[0050] By using contacts from phases F1, F5 and F9 shown in Fig. 4-6, it is possible to obtain a three-phase voltage with a shift of 120 degrees.

[0051] Using paired contacts from phases F1 and F4, F4 and F7 with a midpoint from phase F4 produces a two-phase voltage with a 90-degree phase shift, which is used to power traction motors in electric locomotives. By additionally using phases F7 and F10, F10 and F1, a double-circuit, two-phase power transmission line can be created.

[0052] The number of phases in a generator-motor is unlimited and can potentially meet any power consumer demand. The key is that it must be even to ensure maximum power transmission through the power grid, as shown in the table below:

[0053] One of the benefits of using the proposed device is that a large-diameter and heavy motor-generator can be used as a stabilizer and energy storage device, acting like a flywheel with a very high torque. This means that if the power grid fails, it will continue to rotate and generate electricity for some time due to its inertia. The motor-generator's mass is comparable to that of a transformer of the same power rating used in a conventional three-phase power grid.The technical result of using the claimed device is the provision of multiphase alternating voltage to the end user. The method of transmitting and converting electrical voltage increases the performance and power density of existing and future transmission networks, minimizes the number of wires used in power transmission, and increases the capacity of a two-wire, two-phase electrical network compared to a three-phase network. Furthermore, the claimed generator-motor improves the overall stability of the power supply to end users by utilizing the flywheel effect.

Claims

Invention formula 1. A multi-pole, multi-phase generator-motor containing a fixed magnetic circuit (stator), a movable magnetic circuit (rotor), a magnet and windings, where the fixed magnetic circuit contains a base element which consists of a magnet with a magnetization winding and generating windings located on both sides of it in such a way that an opposite change in magnetic fluxes in the combined power winding is ensured during the movement of the movable magnetic circuit, wherein the magnetization winding is fed from the power windings through a rectifier, characterized in that the number of base elements is a multiple of 6 or 12, the base elements are shifted relative to each other by an angle = T + DT and are placed uniformly at the vertices of regular polygons, where T is the period determined by the angular size of the tooth and cavity of the rotor, and DT is the same size divided by the number of phases required by the consumer, all power windings of the base elements are connected in series.

2. A multi-pole, multi-phase generator-motor according to I.1, characterized in that the number of teeth in the rotor is determined by the formula N teeth = N b.e. *4 +1.

3. A multi-pole, multi-phase generator-motor according to paragraphs 1-2, characterized in that a capacitor is connected to the connection points of the power windings, corresponding to opposite phases shifted by 180 degrees.

4. A multi-pole, multi-phase generator-motor according to paragraphs 1-3, characterized in that the connection points of the power windings corresponding to phases shifted relative to each other by 90 degrees are additionally connected to each other by capacitors.

5. A method for transmitting electric power, including transmission via a two-wire line from an alternating voltage source to an electric power consumer with an increase and decrease in the voltage class during the transmission process, characterized in that a phase shift of 180 degrees is provided at the output of the alternating voltage source, and a multi-pole, multi-phase generator-motor according to paragraphs 1-4 is installed in front of the electric power consumer, operating in idle mode, without transmitting mechanical rotational power from the corresponding phases of which the voltage is removed with a phase shift that is required by the end consumer of electric power.

6. The method of transmitting electric power according to paragraph 5, characterized in that a transformer is installed at the output of the single-phase alternating voltage source, converting it into a two-phase voltage with an average grounded point and a phase shift of 180 degrees.

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