Wooden building block

Abstract

A block comprises a hollow body having side walls and end walls, which form a continuous box-shaped structure, and vertical posts connected to the walls of the body and arranged inside the body such that one end of the posts protrudes beyond the edge of the body and the other end does not reach as far as the opposite edge of the body. The posts include four connecting posts arranged in the corners of the body, and two pairs of anchoring posts attached to the side walls of the body. The block is configured for vertical connection to another block. Each pair of anchoring posts is arranged so as to have a horizontal gap for lockably anchoring the end walls of blocks in the next row, which are offset in relation to the current row. The connecting posts are connected to the side and end walls of the body by means of fastening elements and glue, and the anchoring posts are connected to the side walls of the body by means of fastening elements and glue.

Description

[0001] Wooden building block

[0002] Field of technology

[0003] The invention relates to the field of construction, and more specifically to a wooden block for assembling external and internal walls (partitions), as well as ceiling and roof structures, and can be used in the construction of buildings and structures.

[0004] State of the art

[0005] The block-based construction technology for wooden houses involves stacking standard hollow blocks on top of each other, ensuring that adjacent rows of blocks are connected, similar to LEGO blocks. The cavities in the blocks are used to accommodate various thermal insulation materials and utility lines. The result is a finished house shell with the desired geometry and the necessary window and door openings. The technology is so simple that it allows for rapid construction by people with little construction experience, without the use of heavy equipment. The block manufacturing process can be carried out in a factory rather than on-site, ensuring precise block parameters, reducing the impact of human error on product quality, and significantly increasing production profitability. However, when using hollow wooden blocks, there is a challenge in ensuring the structural strength of the building.

[0006] The closest analogue to the invention is a building block disclosed in Belgian patent BE1027373B1, filed January 20, 2021. This block comprises a box-shaped body with one or more cells, each formed by two front walls and one end wall. One end of the block is open, without a wall, for joining the adjacent block. Each cell contains four vertical corner posts in the form of bars connected to the walls and extending vertically along the walls of the body so that they protrude relative to the lower part and do not reach the edge at the top, forming connecting elements for the blocks of the lower row.

[0007] The blocks, like the closest analogue, lack sufficient rigidity due to the lack of a closed outer contour (one side of the block always remains open), requiring the use of additional connecting and fastening elements. Furthermore, the blocks can only be installed strictly on top of each other, without offsetting, which has the obvious drawback of a lack of horizontal connections between the blocks and leads to a reduction in structural strength.

[0008] The above mentioned disadvantages define the main technical problem solved by the claimed invention.

[0009] Disclosure of the essence of the invention

[0010] The technical result of the invention is to increase the rigidity and strength of a wooden structure assembled from blocks by reinforcing the block frame with vertical struts that transfer the vertical load from the upper block to the lower block, and by tying the blocks of adjacent rows together. Structural rigidity, as used in this application, refers to the ability of structural elements (i.e., individual blocks) to undergo only minor deformations under external loads, within acceptable limits. Structural strength refers to the ability of the structure to withstand external loads without failure.

[0011] This technical result is achieved by a wooden building block comprising a hollow rectangular body formed by vertical walls and vertical posts connected to the walls of the body and positioned within the body such that one end protrudes relative to the edge of the body, while the other end does not reach the opposite edge of the body. The posts include four connecting posts positioned at the corners of the body, and the block is designed to be vertically connected to another block by accommodating the protruding ends of the posts of one block within the body of the other block.Unlike its closest analogue, the frame comprises two front and two end walls, forming a closed box-like structure. The posts additionally include two pairs of locking posts attached to the frame's front walls. Each pair of locking posts is positioned with a horizontal gap between them, allowing for the locking of the end walls of adjacent rows of blocks offset from the current row. The connecting posts are connected to the frame's front and end walls using fasteners and adhesive, and the locking posts are connected to the frame's front walls using fasteners and adhesive.

[0012] In particular cases of the invention implementation: - ring or threaded fasteners are used as fasteners;

[0013] - pairs of fixing posts are located in the center of the front walls of the housing;

[0014] - the size of the horizontal gap between the fixing posts of each pair corresponds to the double thickness of the end wall;

[0015] - connecting and fixing posts are made in the form of wooden slatted elements of rectangular cross-section;

[0016] - the body walls are made of oriented strand boards or plywood, or composite sheet materials on a wood base;

[0017] - the height of the racks is equal to the height of the body walls;

[0018] - the length of the end wall is equal to half the length of the front wall.

[0019] Unlike its closest analogue, the block's body in the proposed design forms a closed box-like structure, which clearly increases the rigidity of the individual block and, consequently, the rigidity and strength of the finished structure. Furthermore, the proposed block incorporates additional locking posts that provide a locking connection between adjacent blocks laid with an offset. This creates a cellular structure, which increases the rigidity of the horizontal connections and, together with the closed structure of each block, makes the precast building structure more monolithic (by reducing the mobility of individual blocks within the structure) and, consequently, increases the overall strength compared to a similar structure made from "open" blocks and assembled without locking. Both the connecting and locking posts form the block's rigid framework.

[0020] Thus, all features of the invention are aimed at achieving the declared technical result, which consists in increasing the rigidity and, as a consequence, the strength of the structure assembled from blocks.

[0021] Brief description of the drawings

[0022] The invention is explained by figures, where: figure 1 shows a top view of a block, figure 2 shows a frontal view of a block (from the front), figure 3 shows a side view of a block, figure 4 shows a three-dimensional image of a block from above at an angle, figure 5 shows a three-dimensional image of a block from the side at an angle, figure 6 shows a three-dimensional image of a block from below at an angle, figure 7 schematically shows an example of laying walls from blocks.

[0023] The structural elements are indicated on the figures by the following positions:

[0024] 1 - body,

[0025] 2 - front wall,

[0026] 3 - end wall,

[0027] 4 - connecting post,

[0028] 4a - protruding (lower) end of the connecting post,

[0029] 4Ь - recessed (upper) end of the connecting post,

[0030] 5 - fixing stand,

[0031] 5a - protruding (lower) end of the fixing post,

[0032] 5Ь - recessed (upper) end of the fixing post,

[0033] 6 - fastening element.

[0034] Implementation of the invention

[0035] The claimed block comprises a housing (1) and vertical posts (4,5) placed inside the housing.

[0036] The enclosure has a closed, box-like structure (without a bottom or top) of rectangular shape, formed by two front (2) (longer) and two end (3) (shorter) vertical walls. In a particular embodiment of the invention, the length of the end wall (3) may be half the length of the front wall (2). The walls (2, 3) of the enclosure (1) are made of wood-based sheet material, such as oriented strand board (OSB), plywood, or composite sheet material.

[0037] The vertical posts include two types of posts: four connecting posts (4) located in the corners of the housing (1) and at least four fixing posts (5) located in pairs on the front walls (2). All posts (4,5) are placed in the housing (1) in such a way that their lower ends (4a, 5a) protrude relative to the lower edge of the housing (1), and the upper ends (4b, 5b) do not reach the upper edge of the housing, i.e. they are recessed in the housing. An embodiment is also possible in which the upper ends protrude in the block, and the lower ends are recessed, which corresponds, in essence, to an inverted block. In the preferred embodiment of the design, the length of all posts (4,5) and the height of the housing (1) of the block coincide, i.e. the posts are attached to the housing with a downward (or upward) offset by a certain value.This will allow the blocks to be connected vertically so that the lower ends of the upper block enter the upper part of the lower block body and are aligned with the upper ends of the lower block posts without significant gaps, resting on them.

[0038] The connecting posts (4) serve to connect the front (2) and end walls (3) and to reinforce the block structure, forming a rigid framework together with the walls. The posts are fastened to the walls (2) and (3) by means of fasteners (6) (see Figs. 1-3), preferably ringed or threaded fasteners, such as self-tapping screws and / or ringed nails. Other fasteners may also be used, such as various nails, staples, etc. In addition to the fasteners (6), it is preferable to use adhesive to connect the walls (2,3) to each other and to the posts (4,5).

[0039] The fixing posts (5) serve to reinforce the block framework and to provide horizontal connection between the blocks by tying their walls together. For this purpose, the fixing posts are attached to each front wall in pairs with a horizontal gap (s) between them, which ensures, when the blocks are connected vertically, a locking fixation of the end walls of adjacent blocks in the lower row, which are offset relative to the upper row (see Fig. 7), i.e., providing a bond similar to that in brickwork. The offset is preferably achieved by a value equal to half the length of the front wall (2). The value of the horizontal gap (s) between the fixing posts (5) corresponds to the double thickness of the end wall (3) of the block. However, other implementation options are also possible, for example, in the case of making additional grooves or cutouts in the posts (5) or walls (3).The fixing posts (5), as well as the connecting posts (4), can be attached to the front walls (2) using fasteners (6) (e.g. self-tapping screws) and a layer of glue.

[0040] Connecting posts (4) and fixing posts (5) are preferably made as rectangular (especially square) cross-section slats, such as wooden beams or slats. Posts made of wood-based composite materials are also possible.

[0041] An example of block implementation is disclosed below. A typical block with overall dimensions of 600x300x400 mm. It includes a body (1) with front walls (2) 600 mm long and 400 mm high and end walls 300 mm long and 400 mm high. The walls are made of OSB 12 mm thick. Square cross-section bars 40x40 mm long and 400 mm long are used as connecting posts (4), and 40 x 20 mm slats 400 mm long are used for fixing posts (5). Posts (4) and (5) are fastened with their lower ends (4a, 5a) protruding relative to the lower edge of the body (1) by 60 mm.

[0042] Moreover, for the construction of various structures, several types of blocks (of varying sizes) can be manufactured in multiples of a 300x300 mm modular grid, ensuring that all blocks can be joined together in a brickwork-like manner, i.e., with a bond. Also, for the construction of interior walls, 150 mm wide blocks of several sizes can be manufactured. In a particular implementation case, the block body can be provided with internal partitions that form several closed cells of the described structure (i.e., blocks can be double, triple, etc.) (see Fig. 7). Blocks, connected together at the ends with bolts, can form a floor beam up to 12 meters long.

[0043] The block is assembled in jigs using a conveyor assembly system. The posts (4) and (5) on one side of the block are placed in the sockets of the first jig and glued (e.g., PVA wood glue grade D3 or D4). The front wall (5) is placed on top of the posts and secured to the posts with fasteners (7) (ring-faced nails or self-tapping screws), three for each post. The second side of the block is manufactured in the same manner. Then, both front walls are placed in another jig, where the end walls (3) are attached, also with glue applied and secured with ring-faced nails or self-tapping screws (7).

[0044] The blocks are delivered to the construction site ready for subsequent assembly of wall structures. The blocks are laid on a guide element, which, in turn, is firmly secured, for example, with anchors to the prepared base (foundation) in accordance with the masonry plan, taking into account the formation of door and window openings (see Fig. 7). After laying the first horizontal row, each subsequent row is laid with an offset (bandage), such that the connecting (4) and fixing (5) posts of the upper row enter the body (1) of the lower row with their lower ends (4a and 4b), while the pairs of fixing posts (5) tighten two adjacent blocks of the lower row together (see Fig. 7). Thus, a cellular, seismic-resistant structure is formed, similar to the bonding of concrete blocks.After the walls are erected, the block cavities are filled with any known insulation material, such as foam concrete, vermiculite, perlite, mineral wool, crushed straw, sawdust, or any combination of other insulating materials. If necessary, utilities (cables, pipes, etc.) are installed in the block cavities.

[0045] Thus, the design of the claimed block allows for the creation of a strong hollow structure, both by strengthening the frame of each individual block with connecting and fixing posts, and by strengthening the prefabricated structure with horizontal ties of the blocks held in place by the binding of fixing posts.

[0046] In addition, the advantages of the declared block are:

[0047] - improving the quality and accuracy of the dimensions of blocks and building structures due to the possibility of factory production of blocks delivered to the construction site in finished form (during the construction of the structure, all design parameters are automatically saved);

[0048] - simplification of block transportation;

[0049] - simplification of the assembly of the structure, which does not require the involvement of highly paid specialists and heavy equipment;

[0050] - the possibility of using any insulation materials depending on regional requirements for the thermal insulation characteristics of the structure;

[0051] - the possibility of laying communications inside cavities;

[0052] - the possibility of constructing temporary structures, their subsequent dismantling and transportation to another location.

Claims

FORMULA 1. A wooden building block comprising a hollow rectangular body (1) formed by vertical walls (2, 3) and vertical posts (4, 5) connected to the walls (2, 3) of the body and placed inside the body (1) in such a way that one end (4a, 5a) protrudes relative to the edge of the body (1), and the other end (4b, 5b) does not reach the opposite edge of the body (1), wherein the vertical posts include four connecting posts (4) placed in the corners of the body (1), and the block is designed with the possibility of vertical connection with another block, when placing the protruding ends (4a, 5a) of the posts of one block in the body (1) of another block, characterized in that the body (1) comprises two front (2) and two end (3) walls forming a box-shaped closed structure, and the posts additionally include two pairs of fixing posts (5) attached to the front walls (2) of the body, wherein each pair of fixing posts (5) placed with a horizontal gap (s) between them,providing the possibility of locking the end walls (3) of the blocks of the adjacent row, offset relative to the current row, wherein the connecting (4) posts are connected to the front (2) and end (3) walls of the body (1) by means of fastening elements (6) and glue, and the fixing posts (5) are connected to the front (2) walls of the body (1) by means of fastening elements (6) and glue., 2. The block according to item 1, characterized in that the fastening elements (6) are ring or threaded fastening elements.

3. The block according to item 1, characterized in that the pairs of fixing posts (5) are located in the center of the front walls (2) of the housing (1).

4. The block according to item 1, characterized in that the size of the horizontal gap (s) between the fixing posts (5) of each pair corresponds to the double thickness of the end wall (3).

5. The block according to item 1, characterized in that the connecting (4) and fixing (5) posts are made in the form of wooden slatted elements of rectangular cross-section.

6. The block according to item 1, characterized in that the walls (2,3) of the body are made of oriented strand boards or plywood, or composite sheet materials on a wood base.

7. A block according to item 1, characterized in that the height of the racks (4.5) is equal to the height of the walls (2.3) of the housing.

8. A block according to claim 1, characterized in that the length of the end wall (3) is equal to half the length of the front wall (2).

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