Fuel system components and production method for the same
The method of rough machining, case hardening, and precision machining enhances the durability of fuel system components by forming hardened bores, addressing cavitation and erosion issues, thus maintaining consistent fuel injection performance.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- CUMMINS INC
- Filing Date
- 2024-10-14
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-23
AI Technical Summary
Fuel system components in internal combustion engines face issues with durability due to cavitation and erosion at spray hole outlets, leading to changes in injection form and fuel quantity over time, necessitating frequent replacements.
A method involving rough machining, case hardening without a compound layer, forming bores through the hardened case, and precision machining to produce a fuel system component with a hardened exterior and interior bores, enhancing wear resistance.
The method results in fuel system components with improved durability and wear resistance, maintaining consistent fuel injection performance and reducing the need for frequent replacements.
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Figure CN2024124630_23042026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
FUEL SYSTEM COMPONENTS AND PRODUCTION METHOD FOR THE SAME
[0001] FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0002] The present disclosure relates generally to fuel injection systems for internal combustion engines and, more particularly, to fuel system components for fuel injection systems and production methods for the same.BACKGROUND
[0003] Fuel system components employed in fuel injection systems are typically made from steel. These components are exposed to high temperatures and high pressures during operation of the internal combustion engine. For example, some fuel injectors include one or more spray holes extending through the nozzle of the fuel injector. The spray holes are subject to cavitation and erosion in the material at the exit of the spray hole due to the high pressures and stresses at the spray hole outlets. As a result, the injection form and the amount of fuel that passes through the spray hole can change over time. Therefore, at least some fuel system components are replaced at appropriate intervals. While various attempts have been made at improving the durability of fuel system components, there remains a need for further improvements such as those disclosed herein.
[0004] DISCLOSURE OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS
[0005] For the purposes of clearly, concisely and exactly describing illustrative embodiments of the present disclosure, the manner, and process of making and using the same, and to enable the practice, making and use of the same, reference will now be made to certain exemplary embodiments, including those illustrated in the figures, and specific terminology will be used to describe the same. It shall nevertheless be understood that no limitation of the scope of the invention is thereby created and that the invention includes and protects such alterations, modifications, and further applications of the exemplary embodiments as would occur to one skilled in the art.SUMMARY
[0006] The present disclosure includes a method for producing a fuel system component. The method includes rough machining a blank of the fuel system component to form a rough machined fuel system component; hardening the rough machined fuel system component to include a hardened case without forming a compound layer on the hardened case; forming at least one bore through the hardened case of the hardened rough machined fuel system component after hardening the rough machined fuel system component; and precision machining the hardened case of the rough machined fuel system component to produce a finished version of the fuel system component.
[0007] The present disclosure further includes a component for a fuel system. The component includes a precision machined body configured for use as a finished component in the fuel system. The precision machined body includes a hardened exterior case and at least one bore extending through the hardened case. The precision machined body is formed by rough machining a blank of the component to form a rough machined version of the component; hardening the rough machined version of the component to include the hardened case without forming a compound layer on the hardened case; forming at least one bore through the hardened case of the hardened rough machined version of the component after hardening the rough machined version of the component; and precision machining the hardened case of the rough machined version of the component to form the precision machined body of the finished component.
[0008] This summary is not intended to identify key or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in limiting the scope of the claimed subject matter. Further embodiments, forms, objects, features, advantages, aspects, and benefits shall become apparent from the following description and drawings.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0009] The description herein makes reference to the accompanying drawings wherein like numerals refer to like parts throughout the several views, and wherein:
[0010] FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of a method for producing a fuel system component, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0011] FIG. 2 is a schematic view illustrating certain aspects of the method for producing the fuel system component according to the method of FIG. 1.
[0012] FIG. 3 is a schematic view illustrating various exemplary fuel system components that can be produced according to the method of FIG. 1.
[0013] FIG. 4 is a sectional schematic view of a portion of a fuel system component of FIG. 3 that is a fuel injector nozzle according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0014] FIG. 5 is an enlarged detailed view of a portion of the nozzle of FIG. 4 showing a profile of at least one bore formed through the nozzle.
[0015] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS
[0016] With reference to FIG. 1-2, there is illustrated a method 100 for producing a fuel system component 200. The method 100 includes an operation or step 104 of rough machining a blank 202 of the fuel system component 200 to form a rough machined fuel system component 204; an operation or step 106 of hardening the rough machined fuel system component 204 to include a hardened case 210 without forming a compound layer on the hardened case 210; an operation or step 108 of forming at least one bore 212 through the hardened case 210 of the rough machined fuel system component 204 after hardening the rough machined fuel system component 204; and an operation or step 110 of precision machining the hardened case 210 of the rough machined fuel system component 204 to produce a finished version of the fuel system component 200.
[0017] Referring further to FIG. 3, a component 200 of a fuel system 250 includes a precision machined body 206 configured for use as a finished component in a fuel system 250. The precision machined body 206 includes a hardened case 210 and at least one bore 212 extending through the hardened case 210. The precision machined body 206 is formed by rough machining blank 202 of the component 200 to form a rough machined version of the component 200; hardening the rough machined version 204 of the component 200 to include the hardened case 210 without forming a compound layer on the hardened case 210; forming at least one bore 212 through the hardened case 210 of the hardened rough machined version of the component 200 after hardening the rough machined version 204 of the component 200; and precision machining the hardened case 210 of the rough machined version 204 of the component 200 to form the precision machined body 206 of the finished component 200.
[0018] Referring to FIGs. 1-2, in an embodiment, method 100 includes an operation or step 102 of providing a blank 202 for a fuel system component 200. The core material for blank 202 can be any material suitable for a fuel system component, including any suitable metal and / or metal alloys, for example. Blank 202 is configured to be mounted in a machine suitable for modifying blank 202 via rough machining.
[0019] Method 100 includes an operation or step 104 of rough machining the blank 202 to provide a rough machined fuel system component 204. For example, the rough machining can form an exterior surface profile and any inner surface profile that can be formed without creating a bore through the material. The rough machined fuel system component 204 is machined without machining or forming any bores through the material that forms the rough machined fuel system component 204. For example, the blank 202 is machined via milling, turning, cutting, etc. to impart a shape to the rough machined fuel system component 204 that only requires hardening, and then forming the at least one bore through the hardened case and precision machining the hardened case to produce the finished version of the fuel system component 200.
[0020] Method 100 includes an operation or step 106 of hardening the rough machined fuel system component 204. Hardening of the rough machined fuel system component 204 is controlled so that a hardened case 210 is formed on the exterior of the rough machined fuel system component 204 without forming a compound layer on the hardened case 210. In an embodiment, the hardening of rough machined fuel system component 204 is completed using a diffusive heat process that is controlled to form hardened case 210 without formation of a compound layer, also known as a white layer. In an embodiment, the diffusive heat process is a gas nitriding process controlled at a time and / or temperature that forms hardened case 210 on the rough machined fuel system component 204 at a desired thickness without forming a compound layer on the hardened case 210.
[0021] Method 100 includes an operation or step 108 of forming at least one bore 212 through the hardened case 210 of the rough machined fuel system component 204 after hardening the rough machined fuel system component 204. The at least one bore 212 extends through hardened case 210 on the exterior surface and / or the inner surface of the rough machined fuel system component. Method 100 includes an operation or step 110 to precision machine the hardened case 210 of the rough machined fuel system component 204 to form the finished, hard-machined, hardened case 210’ having the desired dimensions and surface profiles that correspond to a finished version of the fuel system component 200.
[0022] The rough machined fuel system component 204 is case hardened to form a hardened case 210 along exterior surfaces of the rough machined fuel system component 204 before forming bore (s) 212. As a result, a hard wear resistant layer is formed on the exterior surfaces. In an embodiment, the hardness of hardened case 210 is 60-65 Rockwell hardness (HRC) . Other embodiments contemplate other hardness values and / or measurements. In an embodiment, the rough machined fuel system component 204 is fabricated so that hardened case 210 is formed on the fuel system component at a desired minimum thickness. In an embodiment, the desired minimum thickness is at least 100 microns after precision machining to provide the desired wear resistance.
[0023] Various techniques for forming the at least one bore 212 through the hardened case 210 are contemplated, such as electrical discharge machining, electrochemical machining, laser drilling, micro-drilling, etc. In an embodiment, the at least one bore 212 extends through hardened case 210. Therefore, the at least one bore includes a hardened surface profile along the port of the at least one bore that extends through hardened case 210 to provide durability for the fuel system component 200 in the areas around and along the inlet and / or outlet of the at least one bore 212.
[0024] In an embodiment, fuel system component 200 is part of a fuel system 250, such as shown in FIG. 3. Fuel system 250 includes various fuel system components 200, including one or more fuel injectors 252, an accumulator 254, and one or more connection components 256 connected to fuel injector 252 and accumulator 254 that may be produced by method 100. Accumulator 254 may be, for example, part of a high pressure common rail fuel injector fuel system 250. Connection components 256 may include, for example, valves, throttles, control chambers, tubing, and other fuel system components that may be typically provided to connect fuel injector 252 to accumulator 254.
[0025] Fuel injector 252 also includes various fuel system components 200, including an inlet member 258, a fuel injector body 260, a needle 262, a valve seat 264, a needle seal 266, a plunger / actuator 268, a nozzle 270, and other components that may be produced according to method 100 disclosed herein. For example, the fuel system components 200 of fuel injector 252 may include at least one bore 212 extending at least partially therethrough that is formed only after hardening the rough machined fuel system component in the manner described herein.
[0026] Inlet member 258 is engaged to fuel injector body 260 to provide fuel flow into fuel injector body 260. Fuel injector body 260 houses needle 262, valve seat 264, and needle seal 266 along with other fuel system components, springs, sleeves, retainers, etc. Actuator / plunger 268 is mounted to the proximal end of injector body 260 and is operable to open and close valve seat 264, such as by operation of a solenoid. Nozzle 270 is mounted to the distal end of injector body 260.
[0027] Nozzle 270 includes a nozzle body 272 that extends along a central longitudinal axis 274 of fuel injector 252. Body 272 includes a fuel passage 276 that receives needle 262 therein. The needle 262 is elongated and extends between a proximal end 296 and a distal end 298 of needle 262. Needle 262 moves up and down longitudinally in the fuel passage 276 to selectively start and stop fuel injection from the fuel passage 276 through one or more spray holes 278 of nozzle 270. Needle 262 also selectively engages valve seat 264 to start and stop fuel flow from fuel passage 276. Needle 262 may also include transverse bores 263 extending through the body thereof.
[0028] Although only two spray holes 278 are shown for nozzle 270, embodiments are contemplated with just one spray hole, or with three or more spray holes. In addition, the spray holes 278 may be arranged in any pattern on nozzle 270. In the illustrated embodiment, spray holes 278 are circular and include a uniform diameter from inlet to outlet. However, non-circular spray holes, spray holes with non-uniform or varying dimensions along the axial length of the spray hole, spray holes with linear or helical grooves along all or a part of the length thereof, are also contemplated.
[0029] Referring further to FIG. 4, nozzle 270 includes a proximally oriented first end 284 and an opposite distally oriented second end 286. Second end 286 includes a dome 288 with a convex exterior surface 280. Dome 288 extends around longitudinal axis 274, and spray holes 278 are formed through dome 278 from exterior surface 280 to inner surface 282.
[0030] Fuel passage 276 forms a sac 290 in a nozzle seat 292 located at second end 286 of body 272. The distal end 298 of the needle 262 is moved into and out of engagement with inner surface 282 at a nozzle seat 294 to selectively close and open spray holes 278 for injection of fuel from sac 290. For example, during a fuel injection event, a closing force is removed from needle 262 to allow needle 262 to be lifted off the inner surface 282 of nozzle seat 294 so that fuel is injected from sac 290 into an engine cylinder (not shown) through spray holes 278. A needle spring surrounding a portion of the needle 262 may be provided in the fuel passage 276 to assist in controlling longitudinal movement of the needle 262.
[0031] Further details of the nozzle 270, including dome 288 and spray holes 278, will now be discussed with reference to FIG. 5, it being understood that such details may also apply to any other spray holes provided with nozzle 270 and / or any other bores 212 of any of the fuel system components 200, such as bores 263 of needle 262, the longitudinal bore 265 of valve seat 264, the bore (s) of needle seal 266, etc. Bore 212, such as spray hole 278, includes a hardened surface profile that varies along a length of bore 212.
[0032] For example, spray hole 278 includes a hole defining surface 300 extending around and along spray hole 278 from an outlet 310 to an inlet 312. Hole defining surface 300 can be configured to define a cylindrical or tapered spray hole 27 from inlet 312 to outlet 310. Hole defining surface 300 can also or alternatively include, for example, longitudinal and / or spiral grooves, stepped configuration with different diameters, swirl inducing configuration, varying cross-sectional size and / or shape, cylindrical shape, etc. Each of the spray holes 278 may have the same shape and / or configuration, or different shapes and / or configurations.
[0033] Hole defining surface 300 includes a first hardness profile 302 that extends from exterior surface 280 toward inner surface 282 for a distance corresponding to a thickness of hardened case 210 on exterior surface 80, and a second hardness profile 304 that extends from inner surface 282 toward exterior surface 280 for a distance corresponding to a thickness of the hardened case 210 on inner surface 282. The first hardness profile 302 and / or second hardness profile 304 include a hardness that varies along a thickness of the hardened case 210, but is harder than the core 306 of nozzle 270 between the hardened cases 210.
[0034] In an embodiment, inner surface 282 and / or exterior surface 280 include a hard wear resistant layer of material in the form of a hardened case 210 that is created following hardening of the rough machined fuel system component and before formation of the spray holes 278. The hard wear resistant layer is a material layer that remains to form the hardened case 210 after the hardened rough machined fuel system component is precision machined. Precision machining can be completed by various processes, such as by grinding, polishing, and / or etching to form a finished version of the fuel system component meeting the required dimensional tolerances.
[0035] The outlet 310 of spray hole 278, and / or outlets of the bores 212 of other fuel system components 200 formed through hard wear resistant layer provided by hardened case 210, is provided with enhanced mechanical and chemical properties due to forming the spray hole 278 and / or at least one bore 212 through a hardened case 210 that is created before forming the spray hole 278 and / or at least one bore 212. For example, outlet 310 of spray hole 278 has improved wear and corrosion performance characteristics over nozzles with spray holes formed through an exterior surface lacking the hardened case 210. Similar advantages are present for other fuel system components 200 including at least one bore 212 formed in the disclosed manner.
[0036] Further written description of a number of aspects of the present disclosure shall now be provided. According to one aspect, a method for producing a fuel system component includes: rough machining a blank of the fuel system component to form a rough machined fuel system component; hardening the rough machined fuel system component to include a hardened case without forming a compound layer on the hardened case; forming at least one bore through the hardened case of the hardened rough machined fuel system component after hardening the rough machined fuel system component; and precision machining the hardened case of the rough machined fuel system component to produce a finished version of the fuel system component.
[0037] In an embodiment, hardening the rough machined fuel system component is controlled so that a minimum thickness is maintained for the hardened case after the precision machining is complete.
[0038] In an embodiment, hardening the rough machined fuel system component is controlled so that a minimum thickness of at least 100 microns is maintained for the hardened case after the precision machining is complete.
[0039] In an embodiment, rough machining the blank to form the rough machined fuel system component includes rough machining the blank to form a rough machined fuel injector nozzle, and forming the at least one bore includes forming a spray hole through the rough machined fuel injector nozzle after hardening the rough machined fuel injector nozzle.
[0040] In a further embodiment, rough machining the blank includes forming a fuel passage along an inner surface of the rough machined fuel injector nozzle and forming an exterior surface on the rough machined fuel injector nozzle. Hardening the rough machined fuel system component includes forming the hardened case along the inner surface and the exterior surface of the rough machined fuel injector nozzle without forming the compound layer on the hardened case. Forming the spray hole includes forming the spray hole through the hardened rough machined fuel injector nozzle to extend through the hardened case from the exterior surface to the inner surface.
[0041] In a further embodiment, forming the spray hole includes forming the spray hole so that it does not include a hardened surface along a portion of a length of the spray hole between the hardened case on the inner surface and the hardened case on the exterior surface.
[0042] In a further embodiment, forming the spray hole includes forming the spray hole to includes a first hardness profile that extends from the exterior surface along a thickness of the hardened case on the exterior surface, and forming the spray hole to include a second hardness profile that extends from the inner surface along a thickness of the hardened case on the inner surface.
[0043] In a further embodiment, rough machining the blank includes forming a dome on at least part of the exterior surface of the rough machined fuel injector nozzle and forming the spray hole includes forming the spray hole through the dome.
[0044] In an embodiment, rough machining the blank to form the rough machined fuel system component includes rough machining the blank to form a rough machined valve seat. Forming the at least one bore includes forming the at least one bore through the hardened case of the rough machined valve seat, and precision machining the hardened case of the rough machined valve seat to produce a finished version of the valve seat.
[0045] In an embodiment, rough machining the blank of the fuel system component includes rough machining the blank to impart a shape to the rough machined fuel system component that only requires forming the at least one bore and precision machining the hardened case to produce the finished version of the fuel system component.
[0046] In an embodiment, hardening the rough machined fuel system component includes subjecting the rough machined fuel system component to a diffusive heat process that forms the hardened case without the compound layer so that with no compound layer removal.
[0047] In a further embodiment, the diffusive heat process is a gas nitriding process controlled to form the hardened case without the compound layer.
[0048] In an embodiment, hardening the rough machined fuel system component includes subjecting the rough machined fuel system component to a diffusive heat process to form a diffusion layer on the rough machined fuel system component so that the precision machining involves no compound layer removal.
[0049] In an embodiment, the fuel system component is not subjected to a second hardening after forming the at least one bore and / or after precision machining the hardened case.
[0050] According to another aspect of the present disclosure a component for a fuel system is provided. The component includes a precision machined body configured for use as a finished component in the fuel system. The precision machined body includes an exterior hardened case and at least one bore extending through the hardened case. The precision machined body is formed by rough machining a blank of the component to form a rough machined version of the component; hardening the rough machined version of the component to include the hardened case without forming a compound layer on the hardened case; forming at least one bore through the hardened case of the hardened rough machined version of the component after hardening the rough machined version of the component; and precision machining the hardened case of the rough machined version of the component to form the precision machined body of the finished component.
[0051] In an embodiment, the rough machined version of the component is configured as a fuel injector nozzle having an inner surface forming a fuel passage and an exterior surface. The hardened case extends along the inner surface and the exterior surface. The at least one bore is a spray hole that that is formed to extend from the inner surface to the exterior surface through the hardened case.
[0052] In a further embodiment, the spray hole includes a first hardened surface portion extending from the inner surface along a thickness of the hardened case on the inner surface. The spray hole includes a second hardened surface portion extending from the exterior surface along the thickness of the hardened case on the exterior surface. The spray hole does not include a hardened surface between the hardened case on the inner surface and the hardened case on the exterior surface.
[0053] In an embodiment, the rough machined version of the component is configured as a valve seat having an exterior surface. The hardened case extends along the exterior surface, and the at least one bore extends from the exterior surface through the hardened case.
[0054] In an embodiment, hardening the rough machined version of the component includes subjecting the rough machined version of the component to a diffusive heat process that forms the hardened case without the compound layer.
[0055] In an embodiment, the precision machined body with the at least one bore through the hardened case is not subjected to a second hardening after forming the at least one bore and / or after precision machining the hardened case.
[0056] While illustrative embodiments of the disclosure have been illustrated and described in detail in the drawings and foregoing description, the same is to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive in character, it being understood that only certain exemplary embodiments have been shown and described and that all changes and modifications that come within the spirit of the claimed inventions are desired to be protected. It should be understood that while the use of words such as preferable, preferably, preferred or more preferred utilized in the description above indicates that the feature so described may be more desirable, it nonetheless may not be necessary and embodiments lacking the same may be contemplated as within the scope of the invention, the scope being defined by the claims that follow. In reading the claims, it is intended that when words such as “a, ” “an, ” “at least one, ” or “at least one portion” are used there is no intention to limit the claim to only one item unless specifically stated to the contrary in the claim. When the language “at least a portion” and / or “a portion” is used the item can include a portion and / or the entire item unless specifically stated to the contrary.
Claims
1.A method for producing a fuel system component, the method comprising:rough machining a blank of the fuel system component to form a rough machined fuel system component;hardening the rough machined fuel system component to include a hardened case without forming a compound layer on the hardened case;forming at least one bore through the hardened case of the hardened rough machined fuel system component after hardening the rough machined fuel system component; andprecision machining the hardened case of the rough machined fuel system component to produce a finished version of the fuel system component.2.The method of claim 1, wherein hardening the rough machined fuel system component is controlled so that a minimum thickness is maintained for the hardened case after the precision machining is complete.3.The method of claim 1, wherein hardening the rough machined fuel system component is controlled so that a minimum thickness of at least 100 microns is maintained for the hardened case after the precision machining is complete.4.The method of claim 1, wherein rough machining the blank to form the rough machined fuel system component includes rough machining the blank to form a rough machined fuel injector nozzle, and forming the at least one bore includes forming a spray hole through the rough machined fuel injector nozzle after hardening the rough machined fuel injector nozzle.5.The method of claim 4, wherein:rough machining the blank includes forming a fuel passage along an inner surface of the rough machined fuel injector nozzle and forming an exterior surface on the rough machined fuel injector nozzle;hardening the rough machined fuel system component includes forming the hardened case along the inner surface and the exterior surface of the rough machined fuel injector nozzle without forming the compound layer on the hardened case; andforming the spray hole includes forming the spray hole through the hardened rough machined fuel injector nozzle to extend through the hardened case from the exterior surface to the inner surface.6.The method of claim 5, wherein forming the spray hole includes forming the spray hole so that it does not include a hardened surface along a portion of a length of the spray hole between the hardened case on the inner surface and the hardened case on the exterior surface.7.The method of claim 6, wherein forming the spray hole includes:forming the spray hole to includes a first hardness profile that extends from the exterior surface along a thickness of the hardened case on the exterior surface; andforming the spray hole to include a second hardness profile that extends from the inner surface along a thickness of the hardened case on the inner surface.8.The method of claim 6, wherein:rough machining the blank includes forming a dome on at least part of the exterior surface of the rough machined fuel injector nozzle; andforming the spray hole includes forming the spray hole through the dome.9.The method of claim 1, wherein:rough machining the blank to form the rough machined fuel system component includes rough machining the blank to form a rough machined valve seat;forming the at least one bore includes forming the at least one bore through the hardened case of the rough machined valve seat; andprecision machining the hardened case of the rough machined valve seat to produce a finished version of the valve seat.10.The method of claim 1, wherein rough machining the blank of the fuel system component includes rough machining the blank to impart a shape to the rough machined fuel system component that only requires forming the at least one bore and precision machining the hardened case to produce the finished version of the fuel system component.11.The method of claim 1, wherein hardening the rough machined fuel system component includes subjecting the rough machined fuel system component to a diffusive heat process that forms the hardened case without the compound layer so that with no compound layer removal.12.The method of claim 11, wherein the diffusive heat process is a gas nitriding process controlled to form the hardened case without the compound layer.13.The method of claim 1, wherein hardening the rough machined fuel system component includes subjecting the rough machined fuel system component to a diffusive heat process to form a diffusion layer on the rough machined fuel system component so that the precision machining involves no compound layer removal.14.The method of claim 1, wherein the fuel system component is not subjected to a second hardening after forming the at least one bore and / or after precision machining the hardened case.15.A component for a fuel system, the component comprising:a precision machined body configured for use as a finished component in the fuel system, the precision machined body including an exterior hardened case and at least one bore extending through the hardened case, wherein the precision machined body is formed by:rough machining a blank of the component to form a rough machined version of the component;hardening the rough machined version of the component to include the hardened case without forming a compound layer on the hardened case;forming at least one bore through the hardened case of the hardened rough machined version of the component after hardening the rough machined version of the component; andprecision machining the hardened case of the rough machined version of the component to form the precision machined body of the finished component.16.The component of claim 15, wherein:the rough machined version of the component is configured as a fuel injector nozzle having an inner surface forming a fuel passage and an exterior surface;the hardened case extends along the inner surface and the exterior surface; andthe at least one bore is a spray hole that that is formed to extend from the inner surface to the exterior surface through the hardened case.17.The component of claim 16, wherein:the spray hole includes a first hardened surface portion extending from the inner surface along a thickness of the hardened case on the inner surface;the spray hole includes a second hardened surface portion extending from the exterior surface along the thickness of the hardened case on the exterior surface; andthe spray hole does not include a hardened surface between the hardened case on the inner surface and the hardened case on the exterior surface.18.The component of claim 15, wherein:the rough machined version of the component is configured as a valve seat having an exterior surface;the hardened case extends along the exterior surface; andthe at least one bore extends from the exterior surface through the hardened case.19.The component of claim 15, wherein hardening the rough machined version of the component includes subjecting the rough machined version of the component to a diffusive heat process that forms the hardened case without the compound layer.20.The component of claim 19, wherein the precision machined body with the at least one bore through the hardened case is not subjected to a second hardening after forming the at least one bore and / or after precision machining the hardened case.
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