Antenna structure and electronic device

Abstract

Embodiments of the present application relate to the technical field of antennas, and provide an antenna structure and an electronic device, for use in solving the problem of the conflict between the improvement of communication specifications and the miniaturization of electronic devices. The antenna structure provided in the embodiments of the present application comprises: a first antenna body, a second antenna body, a communication chip, a first feed sheet, a second feed sheet, and a filter structure. The communication chip is provided with a first transmitting end and a second transmitting end, and the first transmitting end and the second transmitting end are used for transmitting signals of different frequencies. The first feed sheet is electrically connected to the first transmitting end and the first antenna body. The second feed sheet is electrically connected to the second transmitting end and the second antenna body. The filter structure is electrically connected to the first transmitting end and the first feed sheet. The filter structure is used for exhibiting a band-pass characteristic for a signal in a first working frequency band, and the filter structure is used for exhibiting a band-stop characteristic for a signal in a second working frequency band.

Description

An antenna structure and electronic device

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202411458869.0, filed on October 17, 2024, entitled "An antenna structure and terminal device", and Chinese Patent Application No. 202411796818.9, filed on December 6, 2024, entitled "An antenna structure and electronic device", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This application relates to the field of antenna technology, and more particularly to an antenna structure and electronic device. Background Technology

[0003] With the development of communication technology and the continuous improvement of communication specifications, the number of antennas integrated into electronic devices is also increasing. In multi-antenna systems, signals between antennas can interfere with each other. Increasing the antenna spacing is a direct and effective way to improve signal interference between antennas. However, this approach creates a conflict between the need for improved communication specifications (increased antenna number) and the requirement for miniaturization of electronic devices. If prioritizing the size of the electronic device, the distance between antennas needs to be reduced, leading to enhanced coupling effects between multiple antennas and affecting signal purity and radiation efficiency. If prioritizing communication specifications, the number of antennas needs to be increased, and the structure of the electronic device needs to be adapted to the antenna layout, thus increasing the size of the electronic device. Therefore, there is a contradiction between improving communication specifications and miniaturizing electronic devices. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides an antenna structure and electronic device to address the conflict between improving communication specifications and miniaturizing electronic devices.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the embodiments of this application adopt the following technical solutions:

[0006] A first aspect of this application provides an antenna structure, including: a first antenna body, a second antenna body, a communication chip, a first feed piece, a second feed piece, and a filtering structure. The communication chip has a first transmitting end and a second transmitting end. The first transmitting end is used to transmit signals in a first operating frequency band, and the second transmitting end is used to transmit signals in a second operating frequency band. Any frequency in the second operating frequency band is greater than any frequency in the first operating frequency band. The first feed piece is electrically connected to the first transmitting end and to the first antenna body. The second feed piece is electrically connected to the second transmitting end and to the second antenna body. The filtering structure is electrically connected to the first transmitting end and the first feed piece. The filtering structure is used to provide bandpass characteristics for signals in the first operating frequency band and bandstop characteristics for signals in the second operating frequency band.

[0007] In the antenna structure provided in this application embodiment, the first feed piece is electrically connected to the first transmitting end of the communication chip, and the first feed piece receives signals of the first operating frequency band transmitted by the communication chip. The first feed piece is also electrically connected to the first antenna body, and transmits the signals of the first operating frequency band to the first antenna body. Similarly, the second feed piece is electrically connected to the second transmitting end, and receives signals of the second operating frequency band transmitted by the communication chip. The second feed piece is also electrically connected to the second antenna body, and transmits the signals of the second operating frequency band to the second antenna body. Since any frequency in the second operating frequency band is greater than any frequency in the first operating frequency band, the signals of the second operating frequency band will interfere with the signals of the first operating frequency band.

[0008] In one possible implementation, the frequencies of the higher harmonics in the first operating frequency band are close to those in the second operating frequency band, which can reduce the isolation of the antenna structure in the second operating frequency band. In this case, because the filter structure is electrically connected to the first transmitting end and the first feed plate, the signal carrying the second harmonic in the first operating frequency band will pass through the filter structure before being received by the first antenna body. Furthermore, because the filter structure exhibits band-pass characteristics for signals in the first operating frequency band and band-stop characteristics for signals in the second operating frequency band, it can block the higher harmonics of the first operating frequency band signal, improving the isolation between the first antenna body and the second antenna body in the second operating frequency band, thereby optimizing the antenna performance.

[0009] The antenna structure provided in this application improves the isolation between antenna bodies through a filtering structure, enabling the antenna structure to support more operating frequency bands and improve the antenna's communication specifications without increasing the size of the electronic device. This can, to some extent, alleviate the contradiction between improving communication specifications and miniaturizing electronic devices.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the antenna structure further includes a first circuit board, on which a communication chip is located. A first transmitting end and a first feed piece are connected via a non-coaxial cable, and a second transmitting end and a second feed piece are electrically connected via a non-coaxial cable. This eliminates the need for coaxial cables, simplifying the antenna structure and facilitating miniaturization of electronic devices. For example, the non-coaxial cable can be a microstrip line feed, an electromagnetically coupled feed, or a coplanar waveguide feed. For example, the first transmitting end and the first feed piece are electrically connected via metal traces on the first circuit board, and the second transmitting end and the second feed piece are electrically connected via metal traces on the first circuit board. However, electrical connections via non-coaxial cables can result in strong currents on the first circuit board, thereby exciting high-order harmonics of the first operating frequency band signal. The antenna structure provided in this application can improve this problem.

[0011] In some embodiments, the first operating frequency band ranges from 2.4 GHz to 2.4835 GHz, and the second operating frequency band ranges from 5.15 GHz to 5.8 GHz. In this case, the second harmonic of the first operating frequency band is close to that of the second operating frequency band. The filtering structure can block the second harmonic of the signal in the first operating frequency band, improve the isolation between the first antenna body and the second antenna body in the second operating frequency band, thereby optimizing the antenna performance.

[0012] In some embodiments, the antenna structure further includes a first ground plane. The filtering structure includes a first metal sheet electrically connected to a first transmitting end and a first feed plate. At least a portion of the first metal sheet forms a first capacitor with the first ground plane. The first metal sheet also acts as a first inductor. Thus, since the first metal sheet can form a first capacitor with the first ground plane, and the self-inductance of the first metal sheet acts as a first inductor, the first capacitor and the first inductor can form a first resonant circuit. The first resonant circuit can achieve resonant loading. This resonant loading can adjust the frequency response of the circuit, achieving the filtering function. The electrical connection of the first metal sheet to the first transmitting end and the first feed plate enables the filtering structure to exhibit bandpass characteristics for signals in the first operating frequency band and bandstop characteristics for signals in the second operating frequency band. This effectively blocks the second harmonic of the signal in the first operating frequency band, improving the isolation between the first antenna body and the second antenna body in the second operating frequency band.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the dimensions of the first metal sheet are such that the first capacitor C1 satisfies 1.5pF ≥ C1 ≥ 0.5pF, and the first inductor L1 satisfies 4.5nH ≥ L1 ≥ 1.5nH. In this case, the filter structure can exhibit bandpass characteristics for signals in the 2.4GHz-2.4835GHz range and bandstop characteristics for signals in the 5.15GHz-5.8GHz range.

[0014] In some embodiments, the filter structure further includes a second inductor. The second inductor is electrically connected to the first metal plate, wherein the second inductor is connected in parallel with the first capacitor, and the second inductor is connected in series with the first inductor. The second inductor is electrically connected to the first ground plane. In this way, the second inductor being electrically connected to the first ground plane and the first metal plate can affect the resonant loading of the first resonant circuit, so that the first resonant circuit has the best filtering effect in the stopband. The second inductor being connected in parallel with the first capacitor and in series with the first inductor significantly increases the total inductance of the first resonant circuit. The introduction of the second inductor has little effect on the first resonant circuit in the low-frequency range (i.e., the first operating frequency band), but in the high-frequency range (i.e., the second operating frequency band), it can form a new impedance matching relationship with the first capacitor, thereby affecting the resonant loading of the first metal plate.

[0015] In some embodiments, the filtering structure includes a second metal sheet. The second metal sheet is electrically connected to the first transmitting end and the first feed plate. At least a portion of the second metal sheet forms a second capacitor with the first ground plane. The second metal sheet also acts as a third inductor. A gap exists between the end of the first metal sheet facing the first feed plate and the end of the second metal sheet facing the first feed plate. The end of the first metal sheet facing away from the first feed plate is connected to the end of the second metal sheet facing away from the first feed plate. In this way, since the second metal sheet can form a second capacitor with the first ground plane, and the self-inductance of the second metal sheet acts as the third inductor, the second capacitor and the third inductor can form a second resonant circuit. The second resonant circuit can achieve resonant loading. Furthermore, because there is a gap between the end of the first metal sheet facing the first feed plate and the end of the second metal sheet facing the first feed plate, and the end of the first metal sheet facing away from the first feed plate is connected to the end of the second metal sheet facing away from the first feed plate, the first resonant circuit and the second resonant circuit are connected in parallel. The parallel connection of the first resonant circuit and the second resonant circuit can achieve a better filtering effect.

[0016] In one possible implementation, the first and third inductors have the same inductance value, the first and second capacitors have the same capacitance value, and the first and second resonant circuits are identical. Furthermore, the filter structure can further include a second inductor, which comprises both a first equivalent inductance and a second equivalent inductance. The first and second equivalent inductors have the same inductance value. The first equivalent capacitor and the first inductor are connected in series, and the first equivalent inductor and the first capacitor are connected in parallel. The second equivalent capacitor and the third inductor are connected in series, and the second equivalent inductor and the second capacitor are connected in parallel. In this case, the first and second resonant circuits are also identical. When the first and second resonant circuits are identical and connected in parallel, because their stopbands overlap, they can jointly act on signals within that stopband range, enhancing the filtering effect. When either the first or second resonant circuit fails, the filter structure can still operate normally, thus enhancing circuit stability. At this time, since there is a gap between the end of the first metal sheet facing the first feed piece and the end of the second metal sheet facing the first feed piece, and the end of the first metal sheet away from the first feed piece is connected to the end of the second metal sheet away from the first feed piece, the first metal sheet and the second metal sheet are connected to form a left-right symmetrical "U" shape. The symmetrical structure is convenient for processing and manufacturing.

[0017] In another possible implementation, the inductance values ​​of the first and third inductors are different, or the capacitance values ​​of the first and second capacitors are different, or the capacitance values ​​of the first and second equivalent capacitors are different. In this case, the first resonant circuit and the second resonant circuit are different. When the first and second resonant circuits are different and connected in parallel, their stopbands do not overlap. Signals acting on different stopbands can form a wider stopband, thereby expanding the filtering range of the filter structure.

[0018] In some embodiments, the antenna structure further includes a first circuit board and a carrier board. The carrier board and the first circuit board are arranged crosswise. There is a gap between the carrier board and the first circuit board. A communication chip, a first feed piece, and a second feed piece are disposed on the first circuit board. A first antenna body and a second antenna body are disposed on the carrier board. The first feed piece is spaced apart from the first antenna body. The second feed piece is spaced apart from the second antenna body. In this way, the first antenna body and the second antenna body do not need to be disposed on the first circuit board, and there is no need to reserve clearance on the first circuit board for the first antenna body and the second antenna body. This solves the problem of insufficient clearance on the first circuit board caused by the increase in the number of antennas, which affects the size of the electronic device.

[0019] In some embodiments, the antenna structure further includes: a third feed piece, a directional antenna body, and a second ground plane. The third feed piece is electrically connected to a first transmitting end or a second transmitting end. The third feed piece is electrically connected to the directional antenna body. The second ground plane is disposed at the end of the directional antenna body opposite to the carrier plate. In this way, the third feed piece is electrically connected to the first transmitting end or the second transmitting end of the communication chip, forming a radio frequency path. The third feed piece receives signals of a first operating frequency band or a second operating frequency band transmitted by the communication chip. The third feed piece is electrically connected to the directional antenna body, transmitting the signals of the first operating frequency band or the second operating frequency band to the directional antenna body. The second ground plane, disposed at the end of the directional antenna body opposite to the carrier plate, can reflect electromagnetic waves radiated by the directional antenna body in the direction away from the carrier plate, realizing that the radiation pattern of the directional antenna body radiates towards the carrier plate, thereby improving energy utilization efficiency.

[0020] In one possible implementation, the size and shape of the second ground plane are matched to the directional antenna body. In this way, the second ground plane can reflect more electromagnetic waves radiated by the directional antenna body away from the support plate, achieving better directional performance.

[0021] In one possible implementation, the antenna structure further includes a second circuit board, with a third feed piece and a directional antenna body disposed on the second circuit board. The second circuit board includes at least a first layer and a second layer. The third feed piece is disposed on the first layer, and the directional antenna body is disposed on the second layer. The third feed piece is L-shaped, and the directional antenna body is figure-eight shaped. The projections of the third feed piece and the directional antenna body onto the first layer at least partially overlap. In this way, the third feed piece feeds the directional antenna body through coupling. The figure-eight antenna inherently possesses certain directional characteristics, enabling better directional performance.

[0022] In one possible implementation, the first circuit board can be reused as a second circuit board. This reduces the number of components in the antenna structure, simplifying the antenna design. A simpler antenna structure also occupies less space, thus contributing to the miniaturization of electronic devices.

[0023] In some embodiments, the antenna structure further includes a third metal sheet. The third metal sheet is disposed on a carrier plate. The vertical projection of the third metal sheet onto the carrier plate overlaps with the vertical projection of the directional antenna body onto the carrier plate. Thus, the portion where the vertical projections of the third metal sheet and the directional antenna body overlap is the portion where the third metal sheet and the directional antenna body are coupled. Due to the coupling between the third metal sheet and the directional antenna body, a capacitive interaction is formed, which can guide the gain of the directional antenna body to the third metal sheet, thereby amplifying the gain of the directional antenna body and achieving better directional performance.

[0024] In one possible implementation, the second floor is parallel to the support plate. The directional antenna body is located between the second floor and the support plate. In this way, electromagnetic waves radiated by the directional antenna body in a direction away from the support plate are reflected by the second floor back to the direction of the support plate.

[0025] In some embodiments, the third metal sheet includes a first portion, and the directional antenna body includes a second portion. The vertical projection of the first portion onto the carrier plate completely overlaps with the vertical projection of the second portion onto the carrier plate. The electrical length of the third metal sheet in the first portion is 1 / 4λ to 1 / 2λ. The spacing between the directional antenna body and the third metal sheet is less than 1 / 4λ, where λ is the operating wavelength of the directional antenna body. This ensures sufficient coupling between the third metal sheet and the directional antenna body to form a capacitive effect, thereby achieving better directional performance.

[0026] In some embodiments, the first antenna body, the second antenna body, and the third metal sheet constitute a metal mesh structure. The carrier plate is a transparent insulating plate. This allows for a very fine linewidth in the metal mesh, resulting in high transmittance and achieving a transparent effect. Since the first antenna body, the second antenna body, the third metal sheet, and the carrier plate are all transparent, and the first feed plate, the second feed plate, and the filtering structure are hidden within the electronic device, the antenna structure's appearance can more easily integrate into the application environment and better match the design requirements of the electronic device, thus mitigating the problem of the electronic device appearing obtrusive in the environment to some extent.

[0027] In one possible implementation, the metal mesh comprises multiple intersecting metal lines. The linewidth H1 of the metal lines ranges from 1 μm ≤ H1 ≤ 10 μm. The spacing H2 between two adjacent metal lines ranges from 1 μm ≤ H2 ≤ 300 μm. In this way, because the metal lines are very thin, the transmittance of the metal mesh can reach 85%, achieving a transparent effect.

[0028] A second aspect of this application provides an electronic device, including a housing and at least one antenna structure provided in the first aspect of this application. At least a portion of the antenna structure is located within the housing. In this way, due to the high isolation advantage of the antenna structure provided in this application, the space occupied by the antenna structure inside the electronic device can be reduced, which is beneficial for achieving the miniaturization requirements of the electronic device.

[0029] In some embodiments, the antenna structure includes a carrier plate, at least a portion of which is reused as a housing. This allows the carrier plate of the antenna structure to be reused as a housing, reducing the number of components in the electronic device and miniaturizing the internal space required, thus facilitating the miniaturization of the electronic device.

[0030] In one possible implementation, at least a portion of the housing is reused as a carrier plate. In this way, the housing of the electronic device can be reused as a carrier plate for the antenna structure, eliminating the need for a separate carrier plate in the circuit board assembly. This reduces the number of components in the electronic device, decreases the internal space occupied, and facilitates miniaturization.

[0031] In some embodiments, the carrier plate is a transparent insulating plate. The first antenna body and the second antenna body of the antenna structure are disposed on the carrier plate. The first antenna body and the second antenna body are metal mesh structures. This allows the antenna structure to more easily integrate into the application environment and better meet the design requirements of electronic devices, thus facilitating the miniaturization of electronic devices. It also mitigates, to some extent, the problem of electronic devices appearing obtrusive in the environment. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the working scenario of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0033] Figure 2A is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application. The housing of the electronic device is a cuboid.

[0034] Figure 2B is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application. The housing of the electronic device is a cylinder.

[0035] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0036] Figure 4 is a view of the antenna structure in Figure 3 along the x-direction;

[0037] Figure 5 shows the simulation diagram of the return loss of the antenna structure in Figure 3;

[0038] Figure 6 is a view of the antenna structure in Figure 3 in the opposite direction along the z-direction;

[0039] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a filter structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0040] Figure 8 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the filter structure in Figure 7. The filter structure includes a first metal sheet.

[0041] Figure 9 is another equivalent circuit diagram of the filter structure in Figure 7. The filter structure also includes a second inductor.

[0042] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of another filtering structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0043] Figure 11 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the filter structure in Figure 10;

[0044] Figure 12 shows the current distribution of the antenna structure without a filter structure.

[0045] Figure 13 shows the current distribution of the antenna structure including the filter structure in Figure 10;

[0046] Figure 14 is a comparison of the gain patterns of the antenna structures in Figure 12 and Figure 13;

[0047] Figure 15 shows the simulation results of the return loss of the antenna structure in Figure 12;

[0048] Figure 16 shows the simulation results of the return loss of the antenna structure in Figure 13;

[0049] Figure 17 shows the simulation results of the efficiency of the antenna structure in Figure 12;

[0050] Figure 18 shows the simulation results of the efficiency of the antenna structure in Figure 13;

[0051] Figure 19 is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application. The antenna structure includes a second circuit board.

[0052] Figure 20 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a second circuit board provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0053] Figure 21 is a schematic diagram of the projection of the directional antenna body and the third metal sheet onto the carrier plate;

[0054] Figure 22 is a comparison of the antenna structure gain patterns with and without the third metal plate;

[0055] Figure 23 is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application. The first antenna body, the second antenna body and the third metal sheet adopt a metal mesh structure.

[0056] Figure 24 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application. The electronic device includes any of the antenna structures provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0057] Figure 25 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application, wherein at least a portion of the carrier plate can be reused as a housing.

[0058] Reference numerals: 01-Electronic device; 02-Circuit board assembly; 03-Antenna structure; 0311-First antenna body; 0312-Second antenna body; 0313-Directional antenna body; 032-Communication chip; 0321-First transmitting end; 0322-Second transmitting end; 0331-First feed piece; 0332-Second feed piece; 0333-Third feed piece; 034-Filter structure; 0351-First metal piece; 0352-Second metal piece; 0353-Third metal piece; 0361-First circuit board; 0362-Second circuit board; 037-Carrier plate; 0381-First ground plane; 0382-Second ground plane; C1-First capacitor; C2-Second capacitor; L1-First inductor; L2-Second inductor; L3-Third inductor; S1-First surface; S2-Second surface. Detailed Implementation

[0059] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0060] Hereinafter, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, a feature defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of embodiments of this application, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0061] Furthermore, in the embodiments of this application, directional terms such as "upper" and "lower" are defined relative to the orientation in which the components are schematically placed in the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these directional terms are relative concepts, used for relative description and clarification, and can change accordingly depending on the orientation in which the components are placed in the accompanying drawings.

[0062] The limitations mentioned in this application, such as collinearity, symmetry (e.g., axial symmetry, or central symmetry), parallelism, perpendicularity, orthogonality, and similarity (e.g., same length, same width, etc.), are all relative to the current technological level and not absolute, strict mathematical definitions. Collinearity of three elements can be understood as the line connecting two elements, or its extension, intersecting with another element, or the closest distance to another element being approximately 2mm. In one embodiment, collinear elements may include, for example, structural components that realize a "feed terminal" or "ground terminal," such as protruding structures on the surface of a conductive frame, springs, spring contacts, etc. A predetermined angular deviation may exist between two parallel or perpendicular components. In one embodiment, the predetermined threshold may be less than or equal to a threshold of 1mm, for example, the predetermined threshold may be 0.5mm or 0.1mm. In one embodiment, the predetermined angle may be an angle within the range of ±10°, for example, the predetermined angle deviation is ±5°.

[0063] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the term "connection" shall be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" may be a fixed mechanical connection, a detachable mechanical connection, or an integral part; or, "connection" may be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium.

[0064] Furthermore, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the term "coupling" should be interpreted broadly. For example, "coupling" can refer to a direct electrical connection, such as physical contact and electrical conduction between two components. It can also be understood as the electrical connection between different components in a circuit structure through physical lines that can transmit electrical signals, such as copper foil or wires on a printed circuit board (PCB), to transmit electrical signals. Alternatively, "coupling" can refer to an indirect electrical connection between two components through an intermediate medium. Or, "coupling" can refer to an electrical connection between two components in a non-contact manner, such as a capacitive coupling between two components to transmit electrical signals.

[0065] This application provides an electronic device. This electronic device can transmit and receive signals via an antenna. The electronic device can employ one or more of the following communication technologies: Bluetooth (BT), Global Positioning System (GPS), Wireless Fidelity (WiFi), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), Long Term Evolution (LTE), 5G, and other future communication technologies.

[0066] The electronic devices in this application embodiment may include devices that directly interface with the operator's network, including but not limited to: customer premise equipment (CPE), routers, speakers, telephones, firewalls, computers, and optical modems. Electronic devices may also include mobile phones, tablets, laptops, smart home devices, smart bracelets, smartwatches, smart helmets, and smart glasses. Electronic devices may also include: handheld devices with wireless communication capabilities, computing devices or other processing devices connected to a wireless modem, in-vehicle devices, electronic devices in 5G networks, or electronic devices in future evolved public land mobile networks (PLMNs), etc., but this application embodiment is not limited in this regard.

[0067] For ease of explanation, the following description uses an electronic device as a CPE. A CPE is a communication device located at the end-user's premises, which can be a mobile station (MS) or a subscriber station (SS). As shown in Figure 1, the function of a CPE is signal relay. A CPE can convert cellular signals such as LTE, WCDMA, GSM, and 5G mobile networks (5G new radio, 5G NR) into Ethernet or cellular signals compatible with mobile terminals such as smartphones, tablets, and laptops, and can support multiple mobile terminals accessing the internet simultaneously. For example, a WiFi router's WiFi signal has a limited range; the signal is weakened when encountering obstacles such as walls. In this case, the CPE can act as a signal repeater, relaying the signal emitted by the router again, thereby expanding the signal coverage area. For example, a CPE can also relay 4G or 5G mobile network signals emitted by the operator's base station through a built-in Subscriber Identification Module (SIM) card, providing connectivity for other devices. In addition, CPE devices can typically support multiple mobile terminals to access the network simultaneously, making them widely applicable to homes, hospitals, factories, shopping malls, offices, and other locations. Compared to wired networks, their application scenarios are more flexible and network setup is more convenient.

[0068] As shown in Figure 2A, an electronic device such as a CPE (Content Provider Equipment) includes a housing 011 and an antenna structure 03 (also referred to as an "antenna"). The antenna structure 03 can be located within the cavity enclosed by the housing 011. This application embodiment does not limit the form and arrangement of the antenna structure 03 in the electronic device 01; the antenna structure 03 can be a PCB printed antenna, a bracket antenna, a wall-mounted small board antenna, etc. Since the signal transmission of the antenna structure cannot penetrate metal, a clear area needs to be reserved around the antenna structure 03 in the design of the electronic device 03 to keep the antenna structure 03 away from various metal components, thereby ensuring the omnidirectional communication effect of the antenna. Appropriate distances also need to be maintained within the antenna body to ensure isolation between antenna bodies and reduce signal interference between antenna bodies.

[0069] In this context, clearance refers to the non-conductive space surrounding the antenna structure to ensure its effective signal reception and transmission. The size and design of the clearance directly affect the antenna's radiation efficiency, matching status, and signal quality. For example, metal shields electromagnetic waves, therefore a certain amount of space is required around the antenna structure to prevent metal coverage. For instance, for PCB-printed antennas, copper cannot be laid near the antenna structure. The area without copper is called clearance, and the area with copper is called ground.

[0070] Isolation refers to the ratio of the signal received by one antenna through another to the signal received by the transmitting antenna. Isolation is a physical quantity used to measure the degree of mutual coupling between antennas. Assuming two antennas form a two-port network, the isolation between them can be represented by parameters S21 and S12. S21 and S12 are typically negative. The smaller the S21 and S12 parameters, the greater the isolation between the antennas and the less mutual coupling; conversely, the larger the S21 and S12 parameters, the smaller the isolation between the antennas and the greater the mutual coupling. In this embodiment, an isolation value of less than -20 dB is used as a reference.

[0071] In the embodiments of this application, "antenna" and "antenna structure" refer to the same concept. The use of "antenna" emphasizes the description of the electromagnetic performance of the antenna structure, while the use of "antenna structure" emphasizes the description of the antenna's mechanical performance. The mechanical-electromagnetic coupling of the antenna determines that its electromagnetic performance is closely related to its mechanical structure. "Antenna body" refers to the part of the antenna structure that realizes electromagnetic wave radiation and reception.

[0072] The shape of the housing 011 is not limited in the embodiments of this application. For example, as shown in FIG2A, the housing 011 can be a cuboid. For example, as shown in FIG2B, the housing 011 can be a cylinder. When the shape of the housing 011 changes, the installation method of the antenna structure in the electronic device also changes accordingly.

[0073] This application does not limit the number of antenna structures 03 in the electronic device 01; the electronic device 01 may include one or more antenna structures. For example, as shown in FIG2A, the electronic device 01 includes one antenna structure 03. For example, as shown in FIG2B, the electronic device 01 includes two antenna structures 03. The first antenna body 0311 and the second antenna body 0312 of the multiple antenna structures 03 are spaced apart. This increases the distance between two antenna bodies operating in the same operating frequency band, improving the isolation between antenna structures operating in the same frequency band.

[0074] With the development of communication technology, multi-input multi-output (MIMO) technology has been widely applied to terminal products, resulting in an increasing number of antennas in electronic devices such as CPE equipment. This increase in antenna quantity presents new challenges for electronic devices using various antenna types. For example, the increased number of antennas leads to isolation issues, PCB-printed antennas face significant clearance problems, bracket antennas experience increased material and assembly complexity, and wall-mounted small board antennas face complex cable management issues. Solving these problems requires providing more internal space for electronic devices, posing a challenge to miniaturization. Therefore, maintaining miniaturization of electronic devices while continuously improving communication standards is a key issue in electronic device antenna design.

[0075] To address the aforementioned issues, this application provides an antenna structure that improves the isolation of the antenna body without increasing the size of the electronic device. This allows the antenna structure to support more operating frequency bands and improves the antenna's communication specifications. This resolves the contradiction between the increasing number of antennas and the miniaturization of electronic devices in the context of continuously improving communication specifications.

[0076] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG3, the antenna structure 03 includes: a first antenna body 0311, a second antenna body 0312, a communication chip 032, a first feed piece 0331, and a second feed piece 0332. The communication chip 032 has a first transmitting end 0321 and a second transmitting end 0322. The first transmitting end 0321 is used to transmit signals in a first operating frequency band, and the second transmitting end 0322 is used to transmit signals in a second operating frequency band. Any frequency in the second operating frequency band is greater than any frequency in the first operating frequency band. The first feed piece 0331 is electrically connected to the first transmitting end 0321 and to the first antenna body 0311. The second feed piece 0332 is electrically connected to the second transmitting end 0322 and to the second antenna body 0312.

[0077] In the antenna structure 03 shown in Figure 3, the first feed piece 0331 is electrically connected to the first transmitting end 0321, forming a first radio frequency (RF) path. The first feed piece 0331 receives signals from the communication chip 032 transmitted in the first operating frequency band. The first feed piece 0331 is also electrically connected to the first antenna body 0311, transmitting signals from the first operating frequency band to the first antenna body 0311. Similarly, the second feed piece 0332 is electrically connected to the second transmitting end 0322, forming a second RF path. The second feed piece 0332 receives signals from the communication chip 032 transmitted in the second operating frequency band. The second feed piece 0332 is also electrically connected to the second antenna body 0312, transmitting signals from the second operating frequency band to the second antenna body 0312. The RF path includes both the first and second RF paths. Since any frequency in the second operating frequency band is higher than any frequency in the first operating frequency band, the higher harmonics in the first RF path will interfere with the operation of the antenna structure 03.

[0078] The radio frequency (RF) path refers to the link in which RF signals are processed, and this link may include multiple electronic components. For example, the RF path may selectively include any of the following components, but is not limited to: antenna body, power divider, low-noise amplifier, single-pole multi-throw switch, power amplifier, etc.

[0079] This application does not limit the form of the communication chip 032. The communication chip can be a single chip 032 including the first transmitter 0321 and the second transmitter 0322 as shown in FIG3, simultaneously supporting both the first and second operating frequency bands. Alternatively, the communication chip can be two chips, each including the first transmitter 0321 and the second transmitter 0322, respectively supporting the first and second operating frequency bands.

[0080] In one possible implementation, the antenna structure 03 further includes a first circuit board 0361. A communication chip 032 is located on the first circuit board 0361. The first transmitting end 0321 and the first feed piece 0331 are connected via a non-coaxial cable, and the second transmitting end 0322 and the second feed piece 0332 are connected via a non-coaxial cable. This eliminates the need for coaxial cables, simplifying the antenna structure and facilitating miniaturization of the electronic device. For example, the non-coaxial cable can be a microstrip line feed, an electromagnetically coupled feed, or a coplanar waveguide feed. For example, the first transmitting end 0321 and the first feed piece 0331 are connected via metal traces on the first circuit board 0361, and the second transmitting end 0322 and the second feed piece 0332 are connected via metal traces on the first circuit board 0361. However, electrical connections via non-coaxial cables can result in a strong current flowing through the first circuit board 0361, thereby exciting higher harmonics of the first operating frequency band signal.

[0081] This application does not limit the form of electrical connection between the first feed piece and the first antenna body. For example, the first feed piece can be a spring-loaded contact, directly connected to the first antenna body, directly transmitting the signal of the first operating frequency band to the first antenna body 0311. Alternatively, the first feed piece can form a coupling capacitor with the first antenna body, transmitting the signal of the first operating frequency band to the first antenna body 0311 through the coupling capacitor. This application also does not limit the form of electrical connection between the second feed piece and the second antenna body; the form of electrical connection between the first feed piece and the first antenna body will be referenced and will not be repeated.

[0082] The embodiments of this application do not limit the form of the antenna body (including the first antenna body and the second antenna body). The antenna body can take the form of a patch, slot, horn, dipole, microstrip line, etc. For ease of explanation, the following description uses a patch as the form of the antenna body.

[0083] For example, as shown in Figure 4 (a view of the antenna structure shown in Figure 3 along the x-direction), the first antenna body 0311 includes a first radiating element 11. At least a portion of the first radiating element 11 is coupled to the first feed element 0331 to form a coupling capacitor. Continuing with Figure 4, the first antenna body 0311 also includes: a first radiating element 11, a second radiating element 12, and an inverter 21. The inverter 21 is located between the first radiating element 11 and the second radiating element 12. The first radiating element 11 and the second radiating element 12 are electrically connected. The first radiating element 11 and the second radiating element 12 are symmetrically arranged about the inverter 21. The first radiating element 11 receives a signal in a first operating frequency band transmitted by the first feed element 0331 and outputs it to the inverter 21. The inverter 21 can invert the current of the signal in the first operating frequency band output by the first radiating element 11 and then send it to the second radiating element 12. At this time, under the action of the inverter 21, the current direction on the first radiating plate 11 and the second radiating plate 12 can be the same, thereby increasing the radiation gain of the first antenna body 0311.

[0084] To accommodate the first antenna body 0311, the second antenna body 0312, the communication chip 032, the first feed piece 0331, and the second feed piece 0332, in some embodiments, continuing as shown in FIG3, the antenna structure 03 further includes: a first circuit board 0361 and a carrier plate 037. The carrier plate 037 and the first circuit board 0361 are arranged crosswise. The communication chip 032, the first feed piece 0331, and the second feed piece 0332 are disposed on the first circuit board 0361. The first antenna body 0311 and the second antenna body 0312 are disposed on the carrier plate 037. The first feed piece 0331 is spaced apart from the first antenna body 0311; the second feed piece 0332 is spaced apart from the second antenna body 0312. In this way, since the first antenna body 0311 and the second antenna body 0312 are disposed on the carrier plate 037, the first antenna body 0311 and the second antenna body 0312 do not need to be disposed on the first circuit board 0361. There is no need to reserve clearance on the first circuit board 0361 for the first antenna body 0311 and the second antenna body 0312. This can mitigate the impact on the size of electronic devices caused by insufficient clearance on the first circuit board 0361 due to the increase in the number of antennas, and thus improve the contradiction between improving communication specifications and miniaturizing electronic devices.

[0085] This application embodiment does not restrict the position of the first antenna body 0311 and the second antenna body 0312 on the carrier plate 037. The first antenna body 0311 and the second antenna body 0312 can be disposed on the side of the carrier plate 037 close to the first circuit board 0361, or they can be disposed on the side of the carrier plate 037 away from the first circuit board 0361.

[0086] In one possible implementation, as shown in Figure 3, the carrier plate 037 is divided into a first surface S1, which is away from the first circuit board 0361, and a second surface S2, which is close to the first circuit board 0361. A first antenna body 0311 and a second antenna body 0312 are disposed on the second surface S2. A first feed piece 0331 is spaced apart from the first antenna body 0311, and a second feed piece 0332 is spaced apart from the second antenna body 0312. It can be understood that the spacer is air, i.e., a gaseous medium. The first feed piece 0331 and the first antenna body 0311 form a first coupling capacitor through the gaseous medium, and the second feed piece 0332 and the second antenna body 0312 form a second coupling capacitor through the gaseous medium.

[0087] In one possible implementation, as shown in Figure 3, the antenna body 031 is disposed on the first surface S1, and the first feed piece 0331 and the second feed piece 0332 are in close contact with the second surface S2. The first feed piece 0331 is spaced apart from the first antenna body 0311, and the second feed piece 0332 is spaced apart from the second antenna body 0312. It can be understood that the spacer is the material of the carrier plate 037, i.e., a solid dielectric. The first feed piece 0331 and the first antenna body 0311 form a first coupling capacitor through the solid dielectric, and the second feed piece 0332 and the second antenna body 0312 form a second coupling capacitor through the solid dielectric.

[0088] In one possible implementation, as shown in Figure 3, the antenna body 031 is disposed on the first surface S1, and the first feed piece 0331 and the second feed piece 0332 are spaced apart from the second surface S2. The first feed piece 0331 is spaced apart from the first antenna body 0311, and the second feed piece 0332 is spaced apart from the second antenna body 0312. It can be understood that the spacer is the material of the carrier plate 037 and the air, i.e., a composite medium. The first feed piece 0331 and the first antenna body 0311 form a first coupling capacitor through the composite medium, and the second feed piece 0332 and the second antenna body 0312 form a second coupling capacitor through the composite medium.

[0089] For example, the antenna structure is a WiFi antenna. The first antenna body operates in the 2.4 GHz band, and the second antenna body operates in the 5 GHz band. The distance between the first feed piece 0331 and the first antenna body 0311 is 2 mm. The distance between the second feed piece 0332 and the second antenna body 0312 is 1 mm. In this way, the first feed piece 0331 and the first antenna body 0311, as well as the second feed piece 0332 and the second antenna body 0312, are all at appropriate distances, which can achieve coupled feeding.

[0090] For ease of description, an xyz coordinate axis is established in Figure 3. The xy plane is parallel to the plane containing the first circuit board 0361; the x-direction is perpendicular to the direction in which the carrier plate 037 and the first circuit board 0361 are parallel; the y-direction is parallel to the direction in which the carrier plate and the first circuit board are parallel; and the z-direction is perpendicular to the plane containing the first circuit board 0361. The y-direction is called the first direction y, the x-direction is called the second direction x, and the z-direction is called the third direction z. The coordinate system definitions in subsequent figures are similar and will not be repeated.

[0091] In one possible scenario, the frequency of the higher harmonics in the first operating frequency band is close to that in the second operating frequency band, which may also cause a decrease in the isolation of the antenna structure 03 in the second operating frequency band.

[0092] This application does not limit the specific range of the first and second operating frequency bands in its embodiments. For example, as shown in Figure 3, antenna structure 03 can be a WiFi antenna, the center frequency of the first operating frequency band can be 2.4 GHz, and the center frequency of the second operating frequency band can be 5 GHz. In this case, the center frequency of the second harmonic of the first operating frequency band is 4.8 GHz, which is close to the center frequency of the second operating frequency band. For example, the first antenna body 0311 can be a GPS antenna, the center frequency of the first operating frequency band can be 1228 MHz, and the second antenna body can be a Bluetooth antenna, with the center frequency of the second operating frequency band being 2.4 GHz. In this case, the center frequency of the second harmonic of the first operating frequency band is 2.576 GHz, which is close to the center frequency of the second operating frequency band.

[0093] For example, as shown in Figure 2B, electronic device 01 may include multiple antenna structures 03. When antenna structure 03 is a WiFi antenna, with the first operating frequency band being WiFi 2.4G (2.4GHz-2.4835GHz) and the second operating frequency band being WiFi 5G (5.15GHz-5.8GHz), the isolation S21 of the multiple antenna structures 03 in the electronic device is simulated. Four groups are selected, and the simulation results are shown in Figure 5. It can be seen from Figure 5 that the isolation of antenna structure 03 in the WiFi 2.4G frequency band is less than -20dB, but the isolation of antenna structure 03 in some sub-bands of the WiFi 5G frequency band is significantly greater than -20dB.

[0094] To mitigate the interference of high-order harmonics generated by the signal in the first operating frequency band on the operation of antenna structure 03, in some embodiments, as shown in Figure 6 (a view of the antenna structure in Figure 3 along the z-direction in the opposite direction), antenna structure 03 further includes a filter structure 034. The filter structure 034 is electrically connected to the first transmitting end 0321 and the first feed plate. The filter structure 034 provides bandpass characteristics for the signal in the first operating frequency band and bandstop characteristics for the signal in the second operating frequency band.

[0095] At this time, because the filter structure 034 is electrically connected to the first transmitter 0321 and the first feed piece 0331, the signal emitted from the first transmitter 0321 will pass through the filter structure 034 before being received by the first antenna body 0311. Furthermore, because the filter structure 034 exhibits bandpass characteristics for signals in the first operating frequency band and bandstop characteristics for signals in the second operating frequency band, it can block high-order harmonics generated by signals in the first operating frequency band that are located in the second operating frequency band, improving the isolation of the antenna structure 03 in the second operating frequency band, thereby optimizing the antenna performance.

[0096] The antenna structure 03 provided in this embodiment improves the isolation of the antenna structure 03 through the filter structure 034, allowing more antenna bodies to be integrated within a limited space. This enables the antenna structure 03 to support more operating frequency bands and improve the antenna's communication specifications. Therefore, it can, to some extent, alleviate the contradiction between improving communication specifications and miniaturizing electronic devices.

[0097] This application does not limit the form of the filter structure 034. For example, the filter structure 034 can be a filter circuit including at least two of the following: resistor, capacitor, and inductor. For example, the filter structure 034 can be a waveguide filter structure, achieving the filtering function by adjusting the waveguide's dimensions. For example, the filter structure 034 can be a dielectric resonator, achieving the filtering function by adjusting the resonator's dimensions, dielectric, material, etc. For example, the filter structure can be a metal sheet, achieving the filtering function by adjusting the metal sheet's shape, dimensions, etc.

[0098] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG7, the antenna structure 03 further includes a first ground plane 0381. Optionally, the first circuit board 0361 has a multilayer structure, and the first ground plane 0381 is one layer of the first circuit board 0361.

[0099] In one possible implementation, as shown in Figure 7, the filter structure 034 includes a first metal sheet 0351, which is electrically connected to a first transmitting end 0321 and a first feed sheet 0331. At least a portion of the first metal sheet 0351 forms a first capacitor C1 with a first ground plane 0381. The first metal sheet 0351 also serves as a first inductor L1.

[0100] The shape of the first metal sheet 0351 is not limited in this application embodiment. For example, as shown in FIG7, the first metal sheet 0351 is L-shaped. For example, the first metal sheet 0351 can also be I-shaped, U-shaped, V-shaped, etc.

[0101] Based on this, the filter structure 034 can be equivalent to a filter circuit. For example, referring to Figures 7 and 8 (an equivalent circuit diagram of the filter structure 034 in Figure 7), the first metal plate 0351 and the first ground plate 0381 can form a first capacitor C1, and the self-inductance of the first metal plate serves as a first inductor L1. The first capacitor C1 and the first inductor L1 interact, and the first metal plate 0351 can form a first resonant circuit, achieving resonant loading. This resonant loading can adjust the frequency response of the circuit, thus achieving the filtering function.

[0102] Resonant loading refers to introducing resonant elements into a circuit to alter its frequency response characteristics. Examples of resonant elements include capacitors and inductors. Resonant loading can induce frequency selectivity in a circuit; by adjusting the parameters of the resonant elements, the circuit can resonate at a specific frequency, thereby enhancing or suppressing signals at that frequency.

[0103] In one possible implementation, the first metal sheet 0351 is electrically connected to the first transmitting end 0321 and the first feed piece 0331. The size of the first metal sheet 0351 allows the filter structure to exhibit bandpass characteristics for signals in the first operating frequency band and bandstop characteristics for signals in the second operating frequency band. This effectively blocks the second harmonic of the signal in the first operating frequency band, improving the isolation between the first antenna body and the second antenna body in the second operating frequency band. For example, the size of the first metal sheet 0351 allows the first capacitor C1 to satisfy 1.5pF ≥ C1 ≥ 0.5pF and the first inductor L1 to satisfy 4.5nH ≥ L1 ≥ 1.5nH. In this case, the filter structure can exhibit bandpass characteristics for signals in the 2.4GHz-2.4835GHz range and bandstop characteristics for signals in the 5.15GHz-5.8GHz range.

[0104] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG7, the filter structure 034 further includes a second inductor L2. The second inductor L2 is electrically connected to the first metal plate 0351, wherein the second inductor L2 is connected in parallel with the first capacitor C1, and the second inductor L2 is connected in series with the first inductor L1. The second inductor L2 is electrically connected to the first ground plane 0381. For example, as shown in FIG9 (another equivalent circuit diagram of the filter structure 034 in FIG7), the first metal plate 0351 and the first ground plane 0381 can form the first capacitor C1, the self-inductance of the first metal plate 0351 serves as the first inductor L1, the second inductor L2 is connected in parallel with the first capacitor C1, and the second inductor L2 is connected in series with the first inductor L1.

[0105] In this way, the second inductor L2 is electrically connected to the first ground plane 0381 and the first metal plate 0351, which can affect the resonant loading of the first metal plate 0351, so that the first resonant circuit formed by the first metal plate 0351 has a filtering effect in the second operating frequency band. The second inductor L2 is connected in parallel with the first capacitor C1, and the second inductor L2 is connected in series with the first inductor L1, which significantly increases the inductance value of the first resonant circuit. The introduction of the second inductor has little effect on the first resonant circuit in the low frequency band (i.e., the first operating frequency band), but in the high frequency band (i.e., the second operating frequency band), it can form a new impedance matching relationship with the first capacitor, thereby affecting the resonant loading of the first metal plate 0351. Specifically, the circuit in part ① of Figure 9 is equivalent to a short circuit at high frequencies, and the high frequency signal is absorbed by the ground after passing through the filter circuit; the circuit in part ② of Figure 9 is equivalent to an open circuit at low frequencies, and the low frequency signal does not pass through the filter circuit, but is directly transmitted to the first antenna body through the first feed plate.

[0106] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG10, the filter structure 034 further includes a second metal sheet 0352. The second metal sheet 0352 is electrically connected to the first transmitting end 0321 and the first feed sheet 0331. At least a portion of the second metal sheet 0352 forms a second capacitor C2 with the first ground plane 0381. The second metal sheet 0352 serves as a third inductor L3.

[0107] In one possible implementation, continuing as shown in Figure 10, a gap G exists between the end of the first metal sheet 0351 facing the first feed piece 0331 and the end of the second metal sheet 0352 facing the first feed piece 0331. The end of the first metal sheet 0351 facing away from the first feed piece 0331 is connected to the end of the second metal sheet 0352 facing away from the first feed piece 0331. In this way, since the second metal sheet 0352 can form a second capacitor C2 with the first ground plate 0381, and the self-inductance of the second metal sheet 0352 acts as a third inductor L3, the second capacitor C2 and the third inductor L3 interact, and the second metal sheet 0352 can form a second resonant circuit, achieving resonant loading. Furthermore, because there is a gap between the end of the first metal sheet facing the first feed piece and the end of the second metal sheet facing the first feed piece, and the end of the first metal sheet facing away from the first feed piece is connected to the end of the second metal sheet facing away from the first feed piece, the first resonant circuit and the second resonant circuit are connected in parallel. The parallel connection of the first resonant circuit and the second resonant circuit can achieve a better filtering effect.

[0108] For example, as shown in Figure 11 (an equivalent circuit diagram of the filter structure in Figure 10), the first metal sheet 0351 and the first ground plane 0381 can form a first capacitor C1, and the self-inductance of the first metal sheet 0351 serves as a first inductor L1. The first capacitor C1 and the first inductor L1 interact to form a first resonant circuit. The second metal sheet 0352 and the first ground plane 0381 can form a second capacitor C2, and the self-inductance of the second metal sheet 0352 serves as a third inductor L3. The second capacitor C2 and the third inductor L3 interact to form a second resonant circuit. The first resonant circuit and the second resonant circuit are connected in parallel.

[0109] As an example, continuing as shown in Figure 11, the equivalent circuit diagram also includes a second inductor L2. The second inductor L2 can be equivalent to inductors L21 and L22, both of which have an inductance value twice that of the second inductor L2. Inductor L21 is connected in parallel with the first capacitor C1, and inductor L21 is connected in series with the first inductor L1. Inductor L22 is connected in parallel with the second capacitor C2, and inductor L22 is connected in series with the third inductor L3. In this way, the first resonant circuit and the second resonant circuit form a high-frequency filter circuit. Specifically, part ① of the circuit in Figure 11 is equivalent to a short circuit at high frequencies, and the high-frequency signal is absorbed by ground after passing through the filter circuit; part ② of the circuit in Figure 11 is equivalent to an open circuit at low frequencies, and the low-frequency signal does not pass through the filter circuit but is directly transmitted to the first antenna body through the first feed plate.

[0110] In one possible implementation, referring to Figures 10 and 11, the first inductor L1 and the third inductor L3 have the same inductance value, the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2 have the same capacitance value, and the first resonant circuit and the second resonant circuit are identical. Based on this, the filter structure 034 may further include a second inductor L2, which includes a first equivalent inductance L21 and a second equivalent inductance L22. The first equivalent inductance L21 and the second equivalent inductance L22 have the same inductance value. The first capacitor C1 and the first inductor L1 are connected in series, and the first equivalent inductance L21 and the first capacitor C1 are connected in parallel. The second capacitor C2 and the third inductor L3 are connected in series, and the second equivalent inductance L22 and the second capacitor C2 are connected in parallel. In this case, the first resonant circuit and the second resonant circuit are also identical.

[0111] When the first and second resonant circuits are identical and connected in parallel, their stopbands overlap, allowing them to work together on signals within that stopband range, thus enhancing the filtering effect. Even if either the first or second resonant circuit fails, the filtering structure can still function normally, further improving circuit stability.

[0112] Based on this, since there is a gap between the end of the first metal sheet facing the first feed piece 0331 and the end of the second metal sheet 0352 facing the first feed piece 0331, and the end of the first metal sheet 0351 away from the first feed piece 0331 is connected to the end of the second metal sheet 0352 away from the first feed piece 0331, the first metal sheet 0351 and the second metal sheet 0352 are connected to form a left-right symmetrical "U" shape. The symmetrical structure is convenient for processing and manufacturing.

[0113] In another possible implementation, the inductance values ​​of the first and third inductors are different, or the capacitance values ​​of the first and second capacitors are different, or the capacitance values ​​of the first and second equivalent capacitors are different. In this case, the first resonant circuit and the second resonant circuit are different. When the first and second resonant circuits are different and connected in parallel, their stopbands do not overlap. Signals acting on different stopbands can form a wider stopband, thereby expanding the filtering range of the filter structure.

[0114] To verify the filtering effect of the filtering structure, taking a WiFi antenna as an example, the first antenna body operates in the WiFi 2.4G frequency band (hereinafter referred to as "2.4G"), and the second antenna body operates in the WiFi 5G frequency band (hereinafter referred to as "5G"). The electrical performance of the first antenna body with and without the filtering structure is simulated and compared.

[0115] As shown in Figure 12, (A) in Figure 12 shows the current distribution in the 2.4G band without the filtering structure, and (B) in Figure 12 shows the current distribution in the 5G band without the filtering structure. The light-colored areas on the antenna structure represent the current distribution areas, and the dark-colored areas represent the current zero-point areas. Both the 2.4G and 5G band current distribution diagrams have light-colored areas on the first antenna body, indicating that both the 2.4G and 5G band currents are transmitted to the first antenna body.

[0116] As shown in Figure 13, (A) in Figure 13 shows the current distribution in the 2.4G band with the filter structure, and (B) in Figure 13 shows the current distribution in the 5G band with the filter structure. In the 2.4G band current distribution diagram, most areas on the first antenna body are light-colored, indicating that the 2.4G band current can still be transmitted normally to the first antenna body; in the 5G band current distribution diagram, most areas on the first antenna body are dark-colored, indicating that the 5G band current is consumed by the filter structure.

[0117] As shown in Figure 14, (A) in Figure 14 shows the gain pattern of the first antenna body without the filtering structure, and (B) in Figure 14 shows the gain pattern of the first antenna body with the filtering structure. Before and after adding the filtering structure, the gain pattern of the first antenna body does not change significantly; the shape of the pattern and the gain change reflected by the pattern are basically the same. That is, the filtering structure has no negative impact on the gain of the first antenna body.

[0118] As shown in Figure 15 (simulation diagram of return loss of the first antenna body without the filtering structure), the return loss image of the first antenna body has multiple pits, such as at points A, B, C, and D. The return loss pit at point A represents the signal of the first operating frequency band, while the return loss pits at points B, C, and D represent high-frequency clutter signals. This means that it may be affected by various high-frequency clutter during operation. As shown in Figure 16 (simulation diagram of return loss of the first antenna body including the filtering structure), the return loss image of the first antenna body has only one return loss pit near 2.4 GHz. The impact of high-frequency clutter, especially the 5G band high-frequency clutter at point D in Figure 15, on the first antenna body is significantly reduced.

[0119] Return loss is a parameter that measures the degree of reflection in a signal transmission system. It is defined as the ratio of incident power to reflected power, and is generally expressed in decibels (dB). Return loss can be calculated using S11. When S11 = 0 dB, it means that all energy is reflected, and the return loss is at its maximum. When S11 = -∞ dB, it means that no energy is reflected, and the return loss is at its minimum. In engineering, it is desirable for the S11 value to be as small as possible. In this embodiment, S11 is less than -10 dB as an example. The bandwidth where S11 is less than -10 dB can be considered as the operating frequency band of the antenna. Therefore, excessively low return loss at points B, C, and D will generate high-frequency noise.

[0120] As shown in Figure 17 (simulation diagram of the efficiency of the first antenna body without the filtering structure), curve ① represents the radiation efficiency, and curve ② represents the total efficiency. Within the entire frequency band of 2.5GHz-6GHz, the total efficiency of the first antenna body is consistently within -1.5dB, and the total efficiency is consistently within -0.5dB. As shown in Figure 18 (simulation diagram of the efficiency of the first antenna body including the filtering structure), curve ① represents the radiation efficiency, and curve ② represents the total efficiency. Within the 2.5GHz-6GHz frequency band, the total efficiency of the first antenna body does not change significantly compared to Figure 15, but the radiation efficiency decreases significantly near 5GHz. This also indicates that the impact of the high-frequency current of 5G on the first antenna body is reduced. The decrease in radiation efficiency can also improve the isolation of the first antenna body in 5G to a certain extent.

[0121] Radiation efficiency refers to the ratio of antenna gain to directivity, or the ratio of radiated power to received power. Overall efficiency, also known as system efficiency, is the ratio of radiated power to input signal power. Both efficiencies are used to measure an antenna's radiation capability and are generally expressed as a percentage. There is a conversion relationship between percentage and dB; the closer the efficiency is to 0 dB, the better the antenna's performance.

[0122] Understandably, with the development of wireless network technology, WiFi has begun to support more operating frequency bands. For example, in addition to the WiFi 2.4G and WiFi 5G frequency bands, WiFi 6 also supports the WiFi 6E frequency band. As shown in Figure 18, after adding the filtering structure, the efficiency of the antenna structure shows a significant dip at point E, meaning that the radiation efficiency of the antenna structure provided in this embodiment near the WiFi 6E frequency band at point E also decreases significantly. Therefore, the isolation of the antenna structure in the WiFi 6E frequency band will also be improved to some extent. That is to say, when the antenna structure also includes a third antenna body, the third antenna body operates in a third operating frequency band, and each frequency in the second operating frequency band is higher than the frequency of the second operating frequency band. The antenna structure provided in this embodiment can also improve the isolation of the first antenna body in the third operating frequency band.

[0123] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG19, the antenna structure 03 includes a second circuit board 0362. As shown in FIG20 (a view of FIG19 along the z-direction), the antenna structure 03 further includes a third feed piece 0333, a directional antenna body 0313, and a second ground plane 0382. Optionally, the third feed piece 0333, the directional antenna body 0313, and the second ground plane 0382 are all disposed on the second circuit board 0362.

[0124] In one possible implementation, as shown in FIG20, the third feed piece 0333 is electrically connected to the communication chip 032. The third feed piece 0333 is also electrically connected to the directional antenna body 0313. The second ground plane 0382 is disposed at the end of the directional antenna body 0313 opposite to the carrier plate 037. Optionally, the second circuit board 0362 has a multi-layer structure, with the third feed piece 0333 and the directional antenna body 0313 located on two different layers, and the third feed piece 0333 and the directional antenna body 0313 are electrically connected through a coupling capacitor formed by a spacer layer.

[0125] In one possible implementation, the third feed piece 0333 is electrically connected to either the first or second transmitting end, and receives signals from the communication chip in either the first or second operating frequency band. The third feed piece 0333 is also electrically connected to the directional antenna body 0313, transmitting the signals from either the first or second operating frequency band to the directional antenna body 0313. A second ground plate 0382 is disposed at the end of the directional antenna body 0313 opposite to the support plate 037, reflecting electromagnetic waves radiated by the directional antenna body 0313 in the direction away from the support plate 037, thus achieving directional radiation of the directional antenna body 0313 towards the support plate and improving energy utilization efficiency.

[0126] In one possible implementation, the second ground plate 0382 is a metal plate. The size and shape of the second ground plate 0382 match the directional antenna body 0313, meaning the second ground plate 0382 can form an inductive interaction with the directional antenna body. In this case, the second ground plate 0382 can completely reflect the electromagnetic waves radiated by the directional antenna body in the direction away from the support plate. Optionally, the second circuit board 0362 is disposed perpendicular to the support plate 037, and the second ground plate 0382 is perpendicular to the second circuit board 0362. In this way, the second ground plate can reflect more electromagnetic waves radiated by the directional antenna body in the direction away from the support plate, achieving a better directional effect.

[0127] In one possible implementation, as shown in Figure 20, the third feed element 0333 is L-shaped, and the directional antenna body 0313 is V-shaped. The third feed element 0333 excites the directional antenna body 0313 to form a half-wave distribution, which, after being reflected by the second ground plate 0382, allows the directional antenna body 0313 to radiate its radiation pattern forward. In another possible implementation, the directional antenna body is I-shaped. Such a directional antenna body structure is relatively simple and easy to manufacture.

[0128] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG20, the antenna structure further includes a third metal sheet 0353. The third metal sheet 0353 is disposed on the support plate 037. As shown in FIG21, the vertical projection of the third metal sheet 0353 on the support plate 037 overlaps with the vertical projection of the directional antenna body 0313 on the support plate 037. In this way, the overlapping portion of the vertical projection of the third metal sheet 0353 on the support plate 037 and the vertical projection of the directional antenna body 0313 on the support plate 037 is the coupling portion of the third metal sheet 0353 and the directional antenna body 0313. Due to the coupling of the third metal sheet 0353 and the directional antenna body 0313, the third metal sheet 0353 and the directional antenna body 0313 form a capacitive effect, which can guide the gain of the directional antenna body 0313 to the third metal sheet 0353, thereby amplifying the gain of the directional antenna body 0313 through the third metal sheet 0353 and achieving a better directional effect.

[0129] In one possible implementation, as shown in FIG20, the second ground plate 0382 is parallel to the support plate 037. The directional antenna body 0313 is located between the second ground plate 0382 and the support plate 037. In this way, electromagnetic waves radiated by the directional antenna body 0313 in a direction away from the support plate 037 are reflected by the second ground plate 0382 back to the direction of the support plate 037. Since the vertical projection of the third metal plate 0353 on the support plate 037 overlaps with the vertical projection of the directional antenna body 0313 on the support plate 037, the third metal plate 0353 is located in the direction of maximum radiation of the directional antenna body 0313. At this time, the third metal plate 0353 has the best gain enhancement effect on the directional antenna body 0313.

[0130] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG21, the third metal sheet 0353 includes a first part, and the directional antenna body 0313 includes a second part. The vertical projection of the first part onto the carrier plate 037 completely overlaps with the vertical projection of the second part onto the carrier plate 037. Based on this, continuing as shown in FIG21, the electrical length D1 of the third metal sheet 0353 in the first part is 1 / 4λ-1 / 2λ. For example, when the directional antenna body 0313 is V-shaped, D1 is composed of two parts, D11 and D12. As shown in FIG20, the spacing D2 between the directional antenna body 0313 and the third metal sheet 0353 is less than 1 / 4λ. λ is the operating wavelength of the directional antenna body 0313. In this way, the coupling between the third metal sheet 0353 and the directional antenna body 0313 can be sufficient to form a capacitive effect, thereby achieving a better directional effect.

[0131] To verify the effect of the third metal plate in enhancing the positive gain, a WiFi antenna structure was used as an example. The first antenna body operated in the WiFi 2.4 GHz band, and the second antenna body operated in the WiFi 5 GHz band. The third feed plate received the wavelength of the second operating frequency band, meaning the directional antenna body also operated at 5 GHz. The gain patterns of the antenna structure were simulated with and without the third metal plate, as shown in Figure 22. In the gain pattern of Figure 22, the lighter the color, the greater the gain.

[0132] Figure 22(A) shows the gain pattern of the directional antenna without the third metal plate, with region O1 representing the direction of maximum gain. Figure 22(B) shows the gain pattern of the directional antenna with the third metal plate, with region O2 representing the direction of maximum gain. It can be seen that with the third metal plate, the gain decreases faster around the direction of maximum gain. Therefore, with the third metal plate, the beam is more concentrated, and the maximum gain is greater. Without the third metal plate, the maximum gain of the antenna structure is 4.423 dBi. With the third metal plate, the maximum gain of the antenna structure is 5.544 dBi. The maximum gain is increased by 1.1 dB. The third metal plate significantly enhances the positive gain.

[0133] In this context, the gain unit dBi is usually mentioned together with dBd. dBi and dBd are units of power gain, both relative values, but with different reference points. dBi's reference point is an omnidirectional antenna; dBd's reference point is a dipole. dBi is often used to describe the gain of high-gain antennas because its reference point is higher. dBd is often used to describe the gain of low-gain antennas because its reference point is lower. When dBi and dBd represent the same gain, the value expressed in dBi is 2.15 dBi larger than the value expressed in dBd. For example, for an antenna with a gain of 16 dBd, its gain converted to dBi is 18.15 dBi, generally ignoring the decimal places, hence 18 dBi.

[0134] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG23, the first antenna body 0311, the second antenna body 0312, and the third metal sheet 0353 are metal mesh structures. The carrier plate 037 is a transparent insulating plate. In this way, the line width of the metal mesh can be made very fine, thereby making the metal mesh have high transmittance and achieving a transparent effect. Since the first antenna body 0311, the second antenna body 0312, the third metal sheet 0353, and the carrier plate 037 can all achieve a transparent effect, and the first feed sheet, the second feed sheet, and the filtering structure are hidden inside the electronic device, the appearance of the antenna structure 03 can be more easily integrated into the application environment and more easily match the appearance design requirements of the electronic device 01, thus improving the problem of the electronic device 01 appearing obtrusive in the environment to a certain extent.

[0135] In one possible implementation, as shown in Figure 23, the metal mesh comprises multiple intersecting metal lines. The linewidth H1 of the metal lines ranges from 1 μm ≤ H1 ≤ 10 μm. The spacing H2 between two adjacent metal lines ranges from 1 μm ≤ H2 ≤ 300 μm. In this way, because the metal lines are very thin, the transmittance of the metal mesh can reach 85%, achieving a transparent effect.

[0136] Based on this, this application also provides an electronic device, as shown in FIG24. The electronic device 01 includes a housing 011 and at least one antenna structure 03 provided in the above embodiments. At least a portion of the antenna structure 03 is located inside the housing. By using the antenna structure 03 provided in this application embodiment, the space occupied by the antenna structure inside the electronic device can be reduced, which is beneficial to achieving the miniaturization requirement of the electronic device 01.

[0137] In one possible implementation, as shown in FIG24, the first circuit board 0361 can be reused as the second circuit board 0362. That is, the first circuit board 0361 and the second circuit board 0362 can be integrated into a single circuit board. This can save costs.

[0138] In one possible implementation, as shown in FIG24, at least a portion of the housing 011 is reused as a carrier plate 037. In this way, the housing 011 of the electronic device 01 can be reused as a carrier plate 037 of the antenna structure 03, thereby eliminating the need to separately set up a carrier plate in the electronic device 01, thereby reducing the number of parts in the electronic device 01, reducing the space occupied inside the electronic device 01, and facilitating the miniaturization of the electronic device 01.

[0139] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG25, the antenna structure 03 includes a carrier plate 037, at least a portion of which is reused as a housing 011. In this way, the carrier plate 037 of the antenna structure 03 can be reused as a housing 011, which can reduce the number of parts in the electronic device 01, thereby reducing the space occupied inside the electronic device 01 and facilitating the miniaturization of the electronic device 01.

[0140] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG25, the carrier plate 037 is a transparent insulating plate. The first antenna body 0311 and the second antenna body 0312 of the antenna structure 03 are disposed on the carrier plate 037. The first antenna body 0311 and the second antenna body 0312 are metal mesh structures. In this way, the appearance of the antenna structure 03 can be more easily integrated into the application environment, more easily meet the requirements of the appearance design of the electronic device 01, realize the miniaturization requirements of the electronic device 01, and to a certain extent improve the problem of the electronic device 01 appearing obtrusive in the environment.

[0141] In the description of this specification, specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0142] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An antenna structure, characterized by include: First antenna body; Second antenna body; A communication chip has a first transmitting end and a second transmitting end. The first transmitting end is used to transmit signals in a first operating frequency band, and the second transmitting end is used to transmit signals in a second operating frequency band. Any frequency in the second operating frequency band is greater than any frequency in the first operating frequency band. The first feed piece is electrically connected to the first transmitting end, and the first feed piece is electrically connected to the first antenna body; The second feed piece is electrically connected to the second transmitting end, and the second feed piece is electrically connected to the second antenna body; A filtering structure is electrically connected to the first transmitting end and the first feed chip; the filtering structure is used to provide bandpass characteristics for signals in the first operating frequency band, and the filtering structure is used to provide bandstop characteristics for signals in the second operating frequency band.

2. The antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antenna structure includes a first ground plane; The filtering structure includes a first metal sheet; the first metal sheet is electrically connected to the first transmitting end and the first feeding sheet; at least a portion of the first metal sheet forms a first capacitor with the first ground plane; the first metal sheet serves as a first inductor.

3. The antenna structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The filtering structure further includes a second inductor, which is electrically connected to the first metal sheet; the second inductor is electrically connected to the first ground plane; the second inductor is connected in parallel with the first capacitor; and the second inductor is connected in series with the first inductor.

4. The antenna structure according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The filtering structure includes a second metal sheet; the second metal sheet is electrically connected to the first transmitting end and the first feeding sheet; at least a portion of the second metal sheet forms a second capacitor with the first ground plane; the second metal sheet serves as a third inductor. There is a gap between the end of the first metal sheet facing the first feed piece and the end of the second metal sheet facing the first feed piece; the end of the first metal sheet away from the first feed piece is connected to the end of the second metal sheet away from the first feed piece.

5. The antenna structure according to any of claims 1-4, characterized in that The antenna structure also includes: A first circuit board; the communication chip, the first power supply chip, and the second power supply chip are disposed on the first circuit board; The carrier plate and the first circuit board are arranged crosswise. The first antenna body and the second antenna body are disposed on the carrier plate; the first feed piece is spaced apart from the first antenna body; the second feed piece is spaced apart from the second antenna body.

6. The antenna structure of claim 5, wherein, The antenna structure also includes: Directional antenna body; The third feed piece is electrically connected to the first transmitting end or the second transmitting end; the third feed piece is electrically connected to the directional antenna body; The second floor is disposed at one end of the directional antenna body away from the support plate.

7. The antenna structure of claim 6, wherein, The antenna structure also includes: A third metal sheet is disposed on the carrier plate; the vertical projection of the third metal sheet on the carrier plate overlaps with the vertical projection of the directional antenna body on the carrier plate.

8. The antenna structure according to claim 7, characterized in that, The third metal sheet includes the first part; The directional antenna body includes a second part; the vertical projection of the first part on the carrier plate completely overlaps with the vertical projection of the second part on the carrier plate. Wherein, the electrical length of the third metal sheet in the first part is 1 / 4λ-1 / 2λ; the distance between the directional antenna body and the third metal sheet is less than 1 / 4λ; λ is the operating wavelength of the directional antenna body.

9. The antenna structure of claim 7 or 8, characterized in that The first antenna body, the second antenna body, and the third metal sheet are metal mesh structures; the carrier plate is a transparent insulating plate.

10. The antenna structure of any of claims 1-9, wherein, The first operating frequency band ranges from 2.4 GHz to 2.4835 GHz, and the second operating frequency band ranges from 5.15 GHz to 5.8 GHz.

11. An electronic device, comprising: include: case; At least one antenna structure as described in any one of claims 1-10; At least a portion of the antenna structure is located within the housing.

12. The electronic device according to claim 11, characterized in that, The antenna structure includes a carrier plate, and at least a portion of the carrier plate is reused as the housing.

13. The electronic device according to claim 12, characterized in that, The supporting plate is a transparent insulating plate; The first antenna body and the second antenna body of the antenna structure are disposed on the carrier plate; the first antenna body and the second antenna body are metal mesh structures.

Images