Porous coating for emission treatment filter, preparation method of the same
The application of a coating slurry with polymeric pore formers and catalytically active components on CSFs addresses soot loading and catalyst poisoning issues, enhancing filtration efficiency and maintaining performance in diesel engines.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- BASF MOBILE EMISSIONS CATALYSTS LLC
- Filing Date
- 2025-10-17
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-23
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Figure CN2025128345_23042026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
POROUS COATING FOR EMISSION TREATMENT FILTER, PREPARATION METHOD OF THE SAMETECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure is directed to the field of emission treatment. More particularly, the present disclosure pertains to slurry to provide a porous coating onto a substrate of an emission treatment filter, an emission treatment filter, and a method for preparing the emission treatment filter.BACKGROUND
[0002] Emission concerns in diesel engines relate to particulate matter (PM) , nitrogen oxides (NOx) , unburned hydrocarbons (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) . NOx is a term used to describe various chemical species of nitrogen oxides, including nitrogen monoxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) , among others. NO is of concern because it is believed to undergo a process known as photo-chemical smog formation, through a series of reactions in the presence of sunlight and hydrocarbons, and is significant contributor to acid rain. NO2 on the other hand has a high potential as an oxidant and is a strong lung irritant. Particulates are also connected to respiratory problems. Emission standards of the above species are strictly regulated worldwide.
[0003] Catalyzed Soot Filters (CSFs) are designed to reduce emissions of particulates from diesel engines. CSFs trap particulates and then use a catalytically active component to continuously burn them at normal diesel operating exhaust temperatures. The catalytically active component may also convert unreacted NO from a preceding diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) as well as NO generated from passive regeneration of CSFs, to NO2.
[0004] However, soot loading on a CSF can cause the increase of a back pressure of CSF. In addition, catalyst poisons, e.g., phosphors, sulfur, zinc, etc., may reach the catalytically active component (e.g., platinum group metal (PGM) component) of the CSF, leading to deactivation of the catalytic component and thereby decreasing the performance of the CSF. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an advanced CSF to have a friendly back pressure during soot loading and prevent catalyst poisons from reaching the catalytic component.SUMMARY
[0005] The present disclosure generally provides a coating slurry for coating a substate of an emission treatment filter, an emission treatment filter, and a method for preparing the emission treatment filter.
[0006] One aspect of the present disclosure provides a coating slurry for coating a substrate of an emission treatment filter. The coating slurry includes a structure material, and a polymetric pore former. The polymeric pore former includes particles with mean particle size D50 in a range of 2 μm to 25 μm. The coating slurry has a viscosity greater than 100 mPa·swhen measured at a shear rate of 10 s-1.
[0007] In some embodiments, the polymeric pore former is spherical polymeric pore former.
[0008] In some embodiments, the polymeric pore former has particle sizes D10 and D90 both in a range of 1 μm to 25 μm.
[0009] In some embodiments, the polymeric pore former has particle sizes D10 and D90 both in a range of 2 μm to 20 μm.
[0010] In some embodiments, the polymeric pore former has particle sizes D50 a range of 2 μm to 20 μm.
[0011] In some embodiments, the structure material contains a catalytically active component including one or more platinum group metal (PGM) components.
[0012] Another aspect of the present disclosure provides a method for preparing a catalytic purification filter. The method includes providing a substrate comprising a plurality of porous walls, preparing a slurry containing a heterogenous mixture of a structure material and a polymeric pore former in water, and coating the slurry to the substrate to form at least one porous coating layer on the substrate. The polymeric pore former comprises particles with mean particle size D50 in a range of 2 μm to 25 μm, and the slurry has a viscosity greater than 100 mPa·swhen measured at a shear rate of 10 s-1.
[0013] In some embodiments, coating the slurry to the substrate includes coating the slurry substantially on the porous walls.
[0014] In some embodiments, a length of the substrate coated by the at least one porous coating layer is 50%to 100%of a total length of the substrate.
[0015] In some embodiments, coating the slurry to the substrate includes at least one of: coating the slurry on an inlet portion of the substrate; or coating the slurry on an outlet portion of the substrate.
[0016] In some embodiments, the method further includes coating another slurry on the substrate to form a catalytic coating layer permeating the porous walls, where the second slurry contains a catalytically active component including one or more PGM components.
[0017] Another aspect of the present disclosure provides an emission treatment filter for an exhaust stream. The emission treatment filter includes a substrate comprising a plurality of porous walls, where the plurality of porous walls form an exhaust flow passage. The emission treatment filter further includes one or more porous coating layers at least partially coated on the porous walls, wherein the one or more porous coating layers coated on the porous walls have a thickness of 10 μm to 150 μm on the porous walls.
[0018] In some embodiments, the one or more porous coating layers partially permeate the porous walls and coats inner walls of pores of the porous walls.
[0019] In some embodiments, the one or more porous coating layers contain a catalytically active component including one or more PGM components.
[0020] In some embodiments, wherein the one or more porous coating layers have an average pore size from 2 μm to 25 μm in diameter.
[0021] In some embodiments, wherein the emission treatment filter further includes a catalytic coating layer permeating the porous walls and being substantially coated on inner walls of the pores of the porous walls, the catalytic coating layer including a catalytically active component including one or more PGM components.
[0022] In some embodiments, wherein a length of the substrate coated by the one or more porous coating layers is 50%to 100%of a total length of the substrate.
[0023] In some embodiments, wherein the one or more porous coating layers include at least one of: a first porous coating layer covering an inlet end of the substrate; or a second porous coating layer covering an outlet end of the substrate.
[0024] In some embodiments, wherein a length of the first portion porous coating layer or a length of the second porous coating layer is 10%to 90%of a total length of the substrate.
[0025] In some embodiments, wherein a length of the first porous coating layer and the second porous coating layer overlapping with each other is 0%to 80%of the total length of the substrate.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0026] The features of the present disclosure and various advantages thereof will become apparent in consideration of the following detailed description of various embodiments in conjunction with the accompany drawings. Below is a brief description of the accompanying drawings.
[0027] FIG. 1 schematically shows a coating slurry for coating a substrate of an emission treatment filter in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0028] FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing a method for preparing an emission treatment filter in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0029] FIG. 3A schematically shows an emission treatment system in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0030] FIG. 3B schematically shows a cutaway of the emission treatment filter shown in FIG. 3A.
[0031] FIG. 4 shows morphology and texture of an emission treatment filter in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0032] FIG. 5 schematically shows some examples of emission treatment filters in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0033] FIG. 6 schematically shows a structure of a conventional filter compared with emission treatment filters in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0034] FIG. 7 is a bar graph comparing a filtration performance of a conventional filter compared with that of emission treatment filters in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0035] FIG. 8 is a graphical representation of effect of soot loading on the back pressure of emission treatment filters in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0036] FIG. 9 is a graphical representation of nitrogen monoxide oxidation of emission treatment filters after severe phosphorus poisoning in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0037] FIG. 10 is a graphical representation of nitrogen monoxide conversion performance of emission treatment filters in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. DETAIL DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
[0038] The embodiments described below are for illustrative purpose regarding the principles and applications of the present disclosure but are not intended to limit the present disclosure to the details of any particular embodiments. Based on the description of the present disclosure, those skilled in the art should be able to obtain various modifications and variations of the method and apparatus of the present disclosure without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, these modifications and variations are within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.
[0039] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art.
[0040] Reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment, ” “some embodiments, ” “one or more embodiments” or “an embodiment” means that one or more particular features, structures, elements, materials, or characteristics described in connection with the referenced embodiment (s) is included in one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. Articles “a,” “an, ” and “the” are used herein to refer to one or to more than one (i.e., to at least one) of the grammatical object of the article and include plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
[0041] As used in this document, the term “comprising” and “including” do not intend to indicate exclusive inclusion. The term “about” used throughout this specification is used to describe and account for small fluctuations. The phrase “at least one” include one or more than one of the objects associated with such phrase. The phrase “A or B” means “A, ” “B, ” or “A and B. ” The phrase “at least one of ... or ... ” refers to all possible combinations of the grammatical objects of this phrase. For example, “at least A, B, or C” refers to A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, or A, B, and C all together.
[0042] The present disclosure provides a coating slurry for coating a substrate of an emission treatment filter. For example, FIG. 1 schematically shows a coating slurry 100 in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. The coating slurry 100 includes a structure material 110 and a polymeric former 120.
[0043] In some embodiments, the polymeric former 120 is spherical polymeric pore former that includes a plurality of spherical polymer particles. In some embodiments, the mean particle size D50 of particles of the polymeric former 120 is in a range of about 0.1 μm to about 100 μm, or about 1 μm to about 50 μm, or about 2 μm to about 30 μm, or about 3 μm to about 25 μm, or about 5 μm to about 20 μm. Any range within the above-disclosed ranges or any two point or any point between such ranges is included in this disclosure. For example, in some embodiments, the mean particle size D50 of particles of the polymeric former 120 is 10 μm.
[0044] In some embodiments, the polymeric former 120 has particles with narrowly distributed particle sizes. In some embodiments, particle sizes D10 and D90 of the polymeric former 120 are similar to particle size D50. For example, particle size D10, D50, and D90 of the particles of the polymeric former 120 is in a range of about 0.1 μm to about 100 μm, or about 1 μm to about 50 μm, or about 2 μm to about 30 μm, or about 3 μm to about 25 μm, or about 5 μm to about 20 μm. For example, particle size D10, D50, and D90 of the particles of the polymeric former 120 is 10 μm. Narrow distribution of the particle sizes of the polymeric former corresponds to narrow distribution of the pore sizes of the porous coating layer. A Porous coating layer with narrowly distributed pore size can have higher filtration efficiency compared to a porous coating layer with widely distributed pore size.
[0045] In some embodiments, the polymeric pore former may include one or more of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) , polyacrylates, polyesters, polyethylene, polyethylene glycol, polystyrenes, polyvinylpyrrolidones, etc. For example, in some embodiment, the polymeric pore former is PMMA.
[0046] In some embodiments, the structure material 110 includes a support material. In some embodiments, the support material includes refractory metal oxides. For example, the support material may include aluminum oxides, titanium oxides, silicon oxides, zeolites, cerium oxides, zirconium oxides, or the mixture of them. For example, in some embodiments, the support material includes aluminum oxides.
[0047] A mean particle size D50 of the particles of the support material is about 0.05 μm to about 90 μm, or about 0.1 μm to about 45 μm, or about 1 μm to about 25 μm, or about 2 μm to about 20 μm, or about 4 μm to about 15 μm. Any range within the above-disclosed ranges, or between any two points, or any point between such ranges is included in this disclosure. For example, particle size D50 of the particles of the support material is about 6 μm to about 9 μm.
[0048] In some embodiments, the mean particle size of the polymeric pore former is designed to be similar to the mean particle size of the support material, which can lead to the formation of a uniform net-like structure with, e.g., one support particle, one pore, one support particle ... arrangement pattern.
[0049] For example, in some embodiments, the mean particle size of PMMA polymeric pore former is designed to be similar to the mean particle size of the alumina oxide support material, which can lead to the formation of a uniform net-like structure with, e.g., one alumina particle, one pore, one alumina particle ... arrangement pattern.
[0050] In some embodiments, the structure material 110 further includes a catalytically active component. The catalytically active component may include one or more platinum group metal (PGM) components, including such as platinum, palladium, rhodium, or combinations thereof. The PGM component comprises oxides, metallic particles, or alloys of PGM elements. The PGM component is supported on the support material. For example, the PGM component is supported on an alumina support.
[0051] The coating slurry 100 has a viscosity suitable for coating a substrate to form a coating layer having a robust adhesion to the substrate. For example, when measured at a shear rate of 10 s-1, the viscosity of the slurry is about 80 mPa·sto about 200 mPa·s, or about 90 mPa·sto about 200 mPa·s, or greater than about 100 mPa·sto about 200 mPa·s. For example, the slurry having a viscosity greater than about 100 mPa·sto about 200 mPa·swhen measured at a shear rate of 10 s-1 can form a coating layer on a DPF, and the coating layer formed by the slurry can have robust adhesion to the DPF substrate during ash-cleaning process. Relatively higher viscosity can also prevent the slurry from penetrating the porous walls, so that the slurry can substantially stay on the porous walls (or out of the porous walls) .
[0052] The present disclosure also provides a method of preparing an emission treatment filter. FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing a method 200 for preparing an emission treatment filter in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 3A schematically shows an emission treatment system 300 in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 3B schematically shows a cutaway of the emission treatment filter shown in FIG. 3A. For example, the emission treatment filter may be a catalyzed soot filter (CSF) in the emission treatment system 300. The emission treatment system 300 includes an exhaust conduit in fluid communication with the internal combustion engine via an exhaust manifold. The emission treatment system 300 may further include one or more components selected from a three-way conversion (TWC) catalyst, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, a lean NOx trap (LNT) , a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) , catalytic soot filter (CSF) , and diesel particulate filter (DPF) , and ammonia oxidation (AMOX) catalyst. For example, as shown in FIG. 3A, the emission treatment system 300 includes a DOC component in communication with an exhaust of the internal combustion engine, and an opening for adding auxiliary fuel is arranged upstream of the DOC. The DOC is followed by a CSF component, at the downstream of which, one or more SCR catalysts and AMOX catalyst are arranged. As shown in FIG. 3A, the CSF component include a monolith substrate filter that has a plurality of porous walls forming an exhaust flow passage.
[0053] The method 200 for preparing an emission treatment filter includes providing, at 210, a substrate including a plurality of porous walls. In some embodiments, the substrate may be a monolith substrate or a filter substrate. For example, the substate may be a monolith honeycomb substrate. The substrate may be made with ceramics or metals.
[0054] As shown in FIG. 3A, the substrate has a plurality of porous walls forming a plurality of fine, parallel gas flow passages. The substrate has an upstream end face and a corresponding downstream end face identical to upstream end face. The arrows in FIG. 3A indicates a flow direction of the exhaust stream flowing from the upstream end face to the downstream end face. The substrate is a filter substrate has a cylindrical shape and has a cylindrical outer surface. The gas flow passages extend through substrate from the upstream end face to the downstream end face.
[0055] FIG. 3B schematically shows a cutaway of the emission treatment filter shown in FIG. 3A. As shown in FIG. 3B, the emission treatment filter has a plurality of passages tubularly enclosed by the porous walls 310 of the substrate. The porous walls 310 includes a plurality of pores 311. The porous walls 310 are coated with one or more structure materials 320 using the coating slurry consistent with the embodiments of the present disclosure. The emission treatment filter has an inlet end and an outlet end. Alternate passages are plugged at the inlet end with inlet plugs 330 and at the outlet end with outlet plugs 340 to form opposing checkerboard patterns at the inlet end and the outlet end, respectively. A gas stream enters through the unplugged channel inlet 350, is stopped by outlet plug 340 and diffuses through porous walls 310 to the unplugged channel outlet 360. The gas cannot pass back to the inlet side of walls because of inlet plugs 330.
[0056] The method 200 for preparing the emission treatment filter further includes preparing, at 220, a slurry containing a heterogenous mixture of a structure material and a polymeric pore former in water, where the polymeric pore former includes particles with mean particle size D50 in a range of 2 μm to 25 μm, and the slurry has a viscosity greater than 100 mPa·swhen measured at a shear rate of 10 s-1. In contrast to the power coating technique or aqueous solution coating technique, the method provides a wet slurry coating technique. The slurry is a heterogeneous mixture of solid particles and water. The content of water in the slurry may be in arrange of about 50%to about 95%, or about 75%to about 95%.
[0057] In some embodiments, the polymeric former is spherical polymeric pore former that includes a plurality of spherical polymer particles. In some embodiments, the mean particle size D50 of particles of the polymeric former is in a range of about 0.1 μm to about 100 μm, or about 1 μm to about 50 μm, or about 2 μm to about 30 μm, or about 3 μm to about 25 μm, or about 5 μm to about 20 μm. Any range within the above-disclosed ranges, or between any two points, or any point between such ranges is included in this disclosure. For example, in some embodiments, the mean particle size D50 of particles of the polymeric former is 10 μm.
[0058] In some embodiments, the polymeric former has particles with narrowly distributed particle sizes. In some embodiments, particle sizes D10 and D90 of the polymeric former are similar to particle size D50. For example, particle size D10, D50, and D90 of the particles of the polymeric former is in a range of about 0.1 μm to about 100 μm, or about 1 μm to about 50 μm, or about 2 μm to about 30 μm, or about 3 μm to about 25 μm, or about 5 μm to about 20 μm. Any range within the above-disclosed ranges, or between any two points, or any point between such ranges is included in this disclosure. For example, in some embodiments, particle size D10, D50, and D90 of the particles of the polymeric former is 10 μm.
[0059] In some embodiments, the polymeric pore former may include one or more of PMMA, polyacrylates, polyesters, polyethylene, polyethylene glycol, polystyrenes, polyvinylpyrrolidones, etc. For example, in some embodiment, the polymeric pore former is PMMA.
[0060] In some embodiments, the structure material includes a support material. In some embodiments, the support material includes refractory metal oxides. For example, the support material may include aluminum oxides, titanium oxides, silicon oxides, zeolites, cerium oxides, zirconium oxides, or the mixture of them. For example, in some embodiments, the support material includes aluminum oxides.
[0061] A mean particle size D50 of the particles of the support material is in a range of about 0.05 μm to about 90 μm, or about 0.1 μm to about 45 μm, or about 1 μm to about 25 μm, or about 2 μm to about 20 μm, or about 4 μm to about 15 μm. Any range within the above-disclosed ranges, or between any two points, or any point between such ranges is included in this disclosure. For example, in some embodiments, particle size D50 of the particles of the support material is about 6 μm to about 9 μm.
[0062] For example, in some embodiments, the mean particle size of PMMA polymeric pore former is designed to be similar to the mean particle size of the alumina oxide support material, which can lead to the formation of a uniform net-like structure with, e.g., one alumina particle, one pore, one alumina particle ... arrangement pattern.
[0063] In some embodiments, the structure material further includes a catalytically active component. The catalytically active component may include one or more platinum group metal (PGM) components, including such as platinum, palladium, rhodium, or combinations thereof. The PGM component comprises oxides, metallic particles, or alloys of PGM elements. The PGM component is supported on the support material. For example, in some embodiments, the PGM component is supported on an alumina support. The slurry has a viscosity suitable for coating a substrate to form a coating layer having a robust adhesion to the substrate. For example, when measured at a shear rate of 10 s-1, the viscosity of the slurry is about 80 mPa·sto about 200 mPa·s, or about 90 mPa·sto about 200 mPa·s, or greater than about 100 mPa·sto about 200 mPa·s. For example, the slurry having a viscosity greater than about 100 mPa·sto about 200 mPa·swhen measured at a shear rate of 10 s-1 can form a coating layer on a DPF, and the coating layer formed by the slurry can have robust adhesion to the DPF substrate during ash-cleaning process. Relatively higher viscosity can also prevent the slurry from penetrating the porous walls, so that the slurry can substantially stay on the porous walls (or out of the porous walls) .
[0064] The method 200 for preparing the emission treatment filter further includes coating, at 230, the slurry to the substrate to form at least one porous coating layer on the substrate. In some embodiments, the slurry may be substantially coated on the porous walls. For example, the at least one porous coating layer are substantially formed on the porous walls. The portion of the at least one porous coating layer on the porous wall is “on-wall” portion. For example, the at least one porous layer 320 coated on substate in FIG. 3B includes an “on-wall” portion 321.
[0065] In some embodiments, more than about 80%of the at least one porous coating layer is formed on the porous walls without permeating the porous walls, and about 20%or less of the at least one porous coating layer permeates the porous walls and coats inner walls of the pores of the porous walls. The portion of the at least one porous coating layer permeating the porous walls is the “in-wall” portion. For example, about 90-100%of the at least one porous coating layer are formed on the porous walls without permeating the porous walls, and about 0-10%or ess of the at least one porous coating layer permeates the porous walls and coats inner walls of the pores of the porous walls. For example, the at least one porous layer 320 coated on substate in FIG. 3B includes an “in-wall” portion 322.
[0066] In some embodiments, after the coating process, the method may further include drying and calcining the coated substrate at appropriate conditions by controlling temperature, gaseous environment, and duration. After calcination, the polymeric pore former is designed to be burned out to form porous structures in the porous coating layer.
[0067] In some embodiments, a length of the substrate coated by the at least one porous coating layer 320 is about 50%to about 100%of a total length of the substrate. In some embodiments, the slurry is coated on an inlet portion of the substrate. In some embodiments, the slurry is coated on an outlet portion of the substrate. In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 3B, the substrate can be coated with a porous coating layer 320a from the inlet side, or the substrate can be coated with a porous coating layer 320b from the outlet side. In some embodiments, the substrate can be coated with a porous coating layer 320a from the inlet portion and a porous coating layer 320b from the outlet side.
[0068] In some embodiments, the substrate is coated with the slurry to form a single porous coating layer 320. A length of the single porous coating layer 320 is about 50%to about 100%, or about 80%to about 100%of the total length of the substrate 410. For example, the length of the single porous coating layer 320 is about 100%of the total length of the substrate, or about 90%of the total length of the substrate from the inlet side, or 50%of the total length of the substrate from the outlet side, or about 55%of the total length of the substrate from the outlet side.
[0069] FIG. 4 shows scanning electron microscope (SEM) morphology and texture of an emission treatment filter in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 4, a substrate 410 is coated with at least one porous coating layer 420. The substrate 410 includes a plurality of porous walls and porous walls includes a plurality of pores 411. The at least one porous coating layer 420 includes an “on-wall” portion 421 coated on the porous walls, and an “in-wall” portion 422 permeating the porous walls and coated on the inner walls of some of the plurality of pores 411. The “on-wall” portion of the porous coating layer has a thickness of about 5 μm to about 250 μm, or about 10 μm to about 150 μm, or about 15 μm to 90 μm.
[0070] In some embodiments, the substrate is coated with the slurry to form more than one porous coating layers. For example, the substrate is coated with two or more porous coating layers. In some embodiments, the substrate is coated with two porous coating layers including a first porous coating layer and a second porous coating layer. The first porous coating layer is coated on the inlet portion of the substrate, and second porous coating layer is coated on the outlet portion of the substrate. A length of the first porous coating layer is about 50%to about 70%of the total length of the substrate from the inlet side. A length of the second porous coating layer is about 35%to about 50%of the total length of the substrate from the outlet side.
[0071] In some embodiments, the method further includes coating another slurry on the substrate to form a catalytic coating layer permeating the porous walls, where the second slurry contains a catalytically active component. The catalytically active component may include one or more PGM components. For example, a conventional CSF is obtained by coating a DPF with the catalytic coating layer. The PGM component is catalytically active for promoting soot burning at normal diesel operating exhaust temperatures. The PGM component may also convert unreacted NO from preceding diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) as well as NO generated from passive regeneration of CSFs, to NO2.
[0072] The present disclosure also provides an emission treatment filter for an exhaust stream. The emission treatment filter includes a substrate comprising a plurality of porous walls, where the plurality of porous walls form an exhaust flow passage. In some embodiments, the substrate may be a monolith substrate or a filter substrate. For example, the substate may be a monolith honeycomb substrate. The substrate may be made with ceramics or metals.
[0073] The emission treatment filter further includes one or more porous coating layers at least partially coated on the porous walls, where the one or more porous coating layers coated on the porous walls has a thickness of 10 μm to 150 μm on the porous walls.
[0074] In some embodiments, the one or more porous coating layers have an average pore size from about 2 μm to about 25 μm in diameter, or about 4 μm to about 25 μm, or about 5 μm to about 20 μm, or about 10 μm.
[0075] The one or more porous coating layers is obtained by applying a slurry to the substrate. The slurry includes a structure material and a polymeric former. The polymeric former is spherical polymeric pore former that includes a plurality of spherical polymer particles. In some embodiments, the mean particle size D50 of particles of the polymeric former is in a range of about 0.1 μm to about 100 μm, or about 1 μm to about 50 μm, or about 2 μm to about 30 μm, or about 3 μm to about 25 μm, or about 5 μm to about 20 μm. For example, the mean particle size D50 of particles of the polymeric former is 10 μm. The polymeric former has particles with narrowly distributed particle sizes. In some embodiments, particle sizes D10 and D90 of the polymeric former are similar to particle size D50. For example, particle size D10, D50, and D90 of the particles of the polymeric former is in a range of about 0.1 μm to about 100 μm, or about 1 μm to about 50 μm, or about 2 μm to about 30 μm, or about 3 μm to about 25 μm, or about 5 μm to about 20 μm. Any range within the above-disclosed ranges, or between any two points, or any point between such ranges is included in this disclosure. For example, in some embodiments, particle size D10, D50, and D90 of the particles of the polymeric former is 10 μm.
[0076] In some embodiments, the polymeric pore former may include one or more of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) , polyacrylates, polyesters, polyethylene, polyethylene glycol, polystyrenes, polyvinylpyrrolidones, etc. For example, in some embodiment, the polymeric pore former is PMMA.
[0077] The slurry to obtain the one or more porous coating layers includes a refractory metal oxides support material. For example, the support material may include aluminum oxides, titanium oxides, silicon oxides, zeolites, cerium oxides, zirconium oxides, or the mixture of them. For example, in some embodiments, the support material includes aluminum oxides.
[0078] A mean particle size D50 of the particles of the support material is in a range of about 0.05 μm to about 90 μm, or about 0.1 μm to about 45 μm, or about 1 μm to about 25 μm, or about 2 μm to about 20 μm, or about 4 μm to about 15 μm. Any range within the above-disclosed ranges, or between any two points, or any point between such ranges is included in this disclosure. For example, in some embodiments, particle size D50 of the particles of the support material is about 6 μm to about 9 μm.
[0079] In some embodiments, the one or more porous coating layers contain a catalytically active component. The catalytically active component may include one or more PGM components, including such as platinum, palladium, rhodium, or combinations thereof. The slurry to obtain the one or more porous coating layers further includes a PGM component supported on the support material. For example, the PGM component is supported on an alumina support.
[0080] The slurry to obtain the one or more porous coating layers has a viscosity suitable for coating a substrate to form a coating layer having a robust adhesion to the substrate. For example, when measured at a shear rate of 10 s-1, the viscosity of the slurry is about 80 mPa·s to about 200 mPa·s, or about 90 mPa·sto about 200 mPa·s, or greater than about 100 mPa·s to about 200 mPa·s. For example, the slurry having a viscosity greater than about 100 mPa·s to about 200 mPa·swhen measured at a shear rate of 10 s-1 can form a coating layer on a DPF, and the coating layer formed by the slurry can have robust adhesion to the DPF substrate during ash-cleaning process. Relatively higher viscosity can also prevent the slurry from penetrating the porous walls, so that the slurry can substantially stay on the porous walls (or out of the porous walls) .
[0081] FIG. 5 schematically shows some examples of emission treatment filters in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. The emission treatment filter includes a substrate 510 that includes a plurality of porous walls.
[0082] In some embodiment, the emission treatment filter further includes a porous coating layer 520 at least partially coated on the porous walls of the substrate 510 (examples a and c in FIG. 5) . In some embodiments, the porous coating layer 520 is substantially formed on the porous walls. The portion of the porous coating layer 520 on the porous wall is “on-wall” portion. In some embodiments, more than about 80%of the porous coating layer 520 is formed on the porous walls without permeating the porous walls, and about 20%or less of the porous coating layer 520 permeates the porous walls and coats inner walls of the pores of the porous walls. The portion of the porous coating layer 520 permeating the porous walls is the “in-wall” portion. For example, about 90-100%of the porous coating layer 520 is formed on the porous walls without permeating the porous walls, and about 0-10%or less of the porous coating layer 520 permeates the porous walls and coats inner walls of the pores of the porous walls. The “on-wall” portion of each of the porous coating layer 520 has a thickness of about 5 μm to about 250 μm, or about 10 μm to about 150 μm, or about 15 μm to 90 μm.
[0083] A length of the porous coating layer 520 is about 50%to about 100%, or about 80%to about 100%of the total length of the substrate 510. For example, the length of the porous coating layer 520 is about 100%of the total length of the substrate 510, or about 90%of the total length of the substrate 510 from the inlet side, or 50%of the total length of the substrate 510 from the outlet side, or about 55%of the total length of the substrate 510 from the outlet side.
[0084] In some embodiment, the emission treatment filter includes more than one porous coating layer. For example, the emission treatment filter includes a first porous coating layer 520a coated on an inlet portion of the substrate 510 and a second porous coating layer 520b coated on an outlet portion of the substrate 510 (examples b and d in FIG. 5) . A length of the first porous coating layer 520a is about 50%to about 70%of the total length of the substrate 510 from the inlet side. A length of the second porous coating layer 520b is about 35%to about 50%of the total length of the substrate 510 from the outlet side.
[0085] In some embodiments, the emission treatment filter further includes a catalytic coating layer 530 permeating the porous walls of the substrate 510 (examples c and d) . The catalytic coating layer 530 contains a catalytically active component. The catalytically active component may include one or more a PGM component. For example, the PGM component is catalytically active for promoting soot burning at normal diesel operating exhaust temperatures. The PGM component may also convert unreacted NO from preceding component of the emission treatment filter as well as NO generated from passive regeneration of emission treatment filter, to NO2.
[0086] For example, the emission treatment filter of example a in FIG. 5 includes a substrate 510 and a porous coating layer 520 coated at least partially on the porous walls of the substrate 510. The substrate 510 may be a DPF. A length of the porous coating layer 520 may be 100 %of the total length of the substrate 510, or about 90 %of the substrate 510 from the inlet side, or about 55%of the substrate 510 from the outlet side, or about 50%of the substrate 510 from the outlet side. The porous coating layer 520 contains a catalytically active component. The catalytically active component may include one or more PGM components, including such as platinum, palladium, rhodium, or combinations thereof.
[0087] For example, the emission treatment filter of example c in FIG. 5 includes a substrate 510, a porous coating layer 520 coated at least partially on the porous walls of the substrate 510, and a catalytic coating layer 530. The substrate 510 may be a DPF. A length of the porous coating layer 520 may be 100 %of the total length of the substrate 510, or about 90 %of the substrate 510 from the inlet side, or about 85%of the substrate 510 from the inlet side, or about 80%of the substrate 510 from the inlet side.
[0088] For example, the emission treatment filter of example d in FIG. 5 includes a substrate 510, a first porous coating layer 520a and a second porous coating layer 520b coated at least partially on the porous walls of the substrate 510, and a catalytic coating layer 530. The substrate 510 may be a DPF. A length of the first porous coating layer 520a may be about 55 %of the total length of the substrate 510 from the inlet side, or about 60 %of the total length of the substrate 510 from the inlet side, or about 70%of the total length of the substrate 510 from the inlet side. A length of the second porous coating layer 520b may be about 50%of the total length of the substrate 510 from the outlet side, or about 40%of the total length of the substrate 510 from the outlet side, or about 35%of the total length of the substrate 510 from the outlet side.
[0089] FIG. 6 schematically shows a conventional filter compared with emission treatment filters in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. The ConvCSF filer corresponds to a conventional CSF without the porous coating layer as described in some embodiments of the present disclosure. The AdvCSF-1 (AdvCSF) and AdvCSF-2 correspond to the filters of example c and example d, respectively, in FIG. 5, and the descriptions thereof are consistent to the embodiments described above and therefore are not repeated here. The difference between ConvCSF and the AdvCSF-1 (AdvCSF) is that the ConvCSF does not have a porous coating layer.
[0090] The filtration performance of AdvCSF-1 and AdvCSF-2 were compared with the filtration performance of the ConvCSF, and the results are shown in FIG. 7. As shown in FIG. 7, AdvCSF-1 and AdvCSF-2 showed similar PN10 filtration performance, and the porous coating layer in AdvCSF-1 and AdvCSF-2 improved the filtration efficiency by about 1.4 to about 1.9 times of the filtration efficiency of ConvCSF.
[0091] The backpressure of AdvCSF was compared with the ConvCSF during soot loading, and the results are shown in FIG. 8. As shown in FIG. 8, the back pressure of AdvCSF was lower than ConvCSF during soot loading. The porous coating layer in AdvCSF can provide a friendly back pressure during soot loading.
[0092] The effect of catalyst poison, phosphors, on AdvCSF was compared with that on ConvCSF. Poisoned AdvCSF and Poisoned ConvCSF, refers to phosphorus poisoned AdvCSF and phosphorus poisoned ConvCSF, respectively. The performance of the Poisoned AdvCSF and Poisoned ConvCSF were tested for NO oxidation and compared with ConvCSF and AdvCSF. The results are shown in FIG. 9. As shown in FIG. 9, ConvCSF, AdvCSF, and Poisoned AdvCSF showed similar NO oxidation performance. The performance of the Poisoned ConvCSF dramatically decreased after poisoned with phosphorus. In contrast, the Poisoned AdvCSF-1 showed comparable performance for NO oxidation with respect to that of AdvCSF without phosphorus poisoning.
[0093] The NO oxidation performance of AdvCSF-1 was compared with ConvCSF under world harmonized transient cycle (WHTC) and real driving emission (RDE) cycle tests. The results are shown in FIG. 10. For both tests, the AdvCSF-1 showed relatively higher NO2 / NOX ratio, optimizing NO oxidation for downstream SCR performance.
[0094] Various of the above-disclosed and other features and functions, or alternatives thereof, may be combined into many other different systems or applications. Various presently unforeseen or unanticipated alternatives, modifications, variations or improvements therein may be subsequently made by those skilled in the art, each of which is also intended to be encompassed by the disclosed embodiments.
Claims
1.A coating slurry for coating a substrate of an emission treatment filter, comprising:a structure material; anda polymeric pore former comprising particles with mean particle size D50 in a range of 2 μm to 25 μm;wherein the coating slurry has a viscosity greater than 100 mPa·s when measured at a shear rate of 10 s-1.2.The coating slurry of claim 1, wherein the polymeric pore former is spherical polymeric pore former.3.The coating slurry of claim 1, wherein the polymeric pore former has particle sizes D10 and D90 both in a range of 1 μm to 25 μm.4.The coating slurry of claim 1, wherein the polymeric pore former has particle sizes D10 and D90 both in a range of 2 μm to 20 μm.5.The coating slurry of claim 4, wherein the polymeric pore former has particle sizes D50 a range of 2 μm to 20 μm.6.The coating slurry of claim 1, wherein the structure material contains a catalytically active component including one or more platinum group metal (PGM) components.7.A method for preparing an emission treatment filter, comprising:providing a substrate comprising a plurality of porous walls;preparing a slurry containing a heterogenous mixture of a structure material and a polymeric pore former in water, wherein the polymeric pore former comprises particles with mean particle size D50 in a range of 2 μm to 25 μm, and the slurry has a viscosity greater than 100 mPa·s when measured at a shear rate of 10 s-1; andcoating the slurry to the substrate to form a porous coating layer on the substrate.8.The method of claim 7, wherein coating the slurry to the substrate includes coating the slurry substantially on the plurality of porous walls.9.The method of claim 7, wherein a length of the substrate coated by the porous coating layer is 50%to 100%of a total length of the substrate.10.The method of claim 7, wherein coating the slurry to the substrate includes at least one of:coating the slurry on an inlet portion of the substrate; orcoating the slurry on an outlet portion of the substrate.11.The method of claim 7, wherein the slurry is a first slurry, the method further comprising:coating a second slurry on the substrate to form a catalytic coating layer permeating the plurality of porous walls, the second slurry containing a catalytically active component including one or more PGM components.12.An emission treatment filter for an exhaust stream, comprising:a substrate comprising a plurality of porous walls, the plurality of porous walls forming an exhaust flow passage; andone or more porous coating layers at least partially coated on the plurality of porous walls, wherein the one or more porous coating layers coated on the plurality of porous walls has a thickness of 10 μm to 150 μm on the plurality of porous walls.13.The emission treatment filter of claim 12, wherein the one or more porous coating layers partially permeates the plurality of porous walls and coats inner walls of pores of the plurality of porous walls.14.The emission treatment filter of claim 12, wherein the one or more porous coating layers contain a catalytically active component including one or more PGM components.15.The emission treatment filter of claim 12, wherein the one or more porous coating layers have an average pore size from 2 μm to 25 μm in diameter.16.The emission treatment filter of claim 12, further comprising:a catalytic coating layer permeating the plurality of porous walls and being substantially coated on inner walls of pores of the plurality of porous walls, the catalytic coating layer including a catalytically active component including one or more PGM components.17.The emission treatment filter of claim 12, wherein a length of the substrate coated by the one or more porous coating layers is 50%to 100%of a total length of the substrate.18.The emission treatment filter of claim 12, wherein the one or more porous coating layers include at least one of:a first porous coating layer covering an inlet end of the substrate; ora second porous coating layer covering an outlet end of the substrate.19.The emission treatment filter of claim 18, wherein a length of the first porous coating layer or a length of the second porous coating layer is 10%to 90%of a total length of the substrate.20.The emission treatment filter of claim 19, wherein a length of the first porous coating layer and the second porous coating layer overlapping with each other is 0%to 80%of the total length of the substrate.
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