Measurement report method and device

Abstract

A method performed by a user equipment (UE) comprises the steps of: receiving sensing measurement configuration information from a base station; performing a sensing operation on the basis of the sensing measurement configuration information; performing autocorrelation on a sensing signal used in the sensing operation; performing cross-correlation between the sensing signal and a return signal corresponding to the sensing signal; determining one or more reliability metrics by using at least one of a first function corresponding to the result of the autocorrelation or a second function corresponding to the result of the cross-correlation; and transmitting a sensing measurement report to the base station on the basis of the one or more sensing reliability metrics.

Description

Measurement reporting method and device

[0001] The present disclosure relates to an improved communication technology, and more specifically, to a measurement reporting technology for improving sensing accuracy in an integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system.

[0002] Communication networks (e.g., 5G communication networks, 6G communication networks, etc.) are being developed to provide communication services that are improved over existing communication networks (e.g., LTE (long term evolution), LTE-A (advanced), etc.). 5G communication networks (e.g., NR (new radio) communication networks) can support frequency bands above 6 GHz as well as frequency bands below 6 GHz. That is, 5G communication networks can support the FR1 band and / or FR2 band. 5G communication networks can support a wider variety of communication services and scenarios compared to LTE communication networks. For example, usage scenarios for 5G communication networks may include eMBB (enhanced Mobile BroadBand), URLLC (Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communication), mMTC (massive Machine Type Communication), etc.

[0003] 6G communication networks can support a wider variety of communication services and scenarios compared to 5G communication networks. 6G communication networks can meet the requirements for ultra-high performance, ultra-bandwidth, ultra-spatial, ultra-precision, ultra-intelligence, and / or ultra-reliability. 6G communication networks can support a wide range of frequency bands and can be applied to various usage scenarios (e.g., terrestrial communication, non-terrestrial communication, sidelink communication, etc.).

[0004] An integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system may be introduced in 6G communication networks. It is assumed that 6G communication networks will operate in high-frequency bands (e.g., 4GHz, 7GHz, 14GHz). An ISAC system operating in high-frequency bands may consider sensing by terminals as well as sensing measurement reporting by terminals. However, since terminals have fewer resources and antennas (e.g., antenna elements) compared to base stations, the reliability of sensing by terminals may be low. Therefore, methods may be needed to improve the reliability of terminal sensing and terminal sensing measurement reporting.

[0005] The purpose of the present disclosure to solve the above-mentioned problems is to provide a measurement reporting method and apparatus for improving sensing accuracy in an ISAC (integrated sensing and communication) system.

[0006] A method of user equipment (UE) according to embodiments of the present disclosure for achieving the above objective comprises: receiving sensing measurement setting information from a base station; performing a sensing operation based on the sensing measurement setting information; performing autocorrelation on a sensing signal used in the sensing operation; performing cross-correlation between a return signal corresponding to the sensing signal and the sensing signal; determining one or more reliability metrics using at least one of a first function corresponding to the result of the autocorrelation or a second function corresponding to the result of the cross-correlation; and transmitting a sensing measurement report to the base station based on the one or more sensing reliability metrics.

[0007] The method of the above UE may further include the step of receiving uplink resource allocation information for the sensing measurement report from the base station after receiving the sensing measurement setting information.

[0008] The method of the above UE may further include the step of receiving the sensing measurement setting information and then performing a measurement for communication with the base station based on a sensing measurement request included in the sensing measurement setting information.

[0009] The above sensing measurement setting information may include at least one of sensing target identification information, information of a sensing service area, or information of a sensing operation mode.

[0010] The method of the UE may further include the step of determining a priority between communication with the base station and the sensing operation based on the overlap between the measurement gap for communication with the base station and the sensing measurement gap indicated by the measurement gap setting information included in the sensing measurement setting information after receiving the measurement setting information, and the sensing operation may be performed in a time interval indicated by the sensing measurement gap based on the priority.

[0011] The above measurement gap setting information may include measurement gap type information, and the measurement gap type may be one of a terminal-specific measurement gap or a cell-specific measurement gap.

[0012] The above priority can be determined based on the result of a comparison between the delay requirement for communication with the base station and the delay requirement for the sensing operation.

[0013] The method of the above UE may further include the steps of: receiving the measurement setting information and transmitting first information instructing the base station to overlap based on the overlap between the measurement gap for communication with the base station and the sensing measurement gap instructed by the measurement gap setting information included in the sensing measurement setting information; and receiving second information from the base station in response to the first information instructing the priority between communication with the base station and the sensing operation, and the sensing operation may be performed in a time interval instructed by the sensing measurement gap based on the second information.

[0014] The above sensing measurement setting information may include sensing measurement report setting information, and the above sensing measurement report setting information may include type information of the sensing signal used in the sensing operation.

[0015] The above sensing measurement setting information may include a sensing measurement quantity parameter, and the first function or the second function may be used according to one or more sensing reliability metric determination methods indicated by the sensing measurement quantity parameter.

[0016] The method of the above UE may further include the step of determining at least one first sensing reliability metric among the one or more sensing reliability metrics, after determining the one or more sensing reliability metrics, and the sensing measurement report may include the at least one first sensing reliability metric.

[0017] The method of the above UE may further include the step of determining one or more sensing reliability metrics and then determining at least one second sensing reliability metric among the one or more sensing reliability metrics that is greater than or equal to a sensing reliability metric threshold indicated by a sensing measurement reporting setting included in the sensing measurement setting information, and the sensing measurement reporting may include at least one sensing result associated with the at least one second sensing reliability metric.

[0018] The method of the UE may further include the step of determining a priority among target targets sensed by the sensing operation before transmitting the sensing measurement report, and the step of determining at least one first target target among the target targets based on the priority, and the sensing measurement report may include sensing results associated with the at least one first target target.

[0019] The above sensing measurement report may be transmitted based on a sensing measurement report type included in a sensing measurement report setting included in the above sensing measurement setting information, and the above sensing measurement report type may include a parameter indicating whether the above sensing measurement report is transmitted independently of a measurement report for communication with the base station.

[0020] Based on the fact that the above sensing measurement report is transmitted independently of the measurement report for communication with the base station by the above report type, it may be transmitted according to an event indicated by the event type included in the above sensing measurement report setting.

[0021] A method of a base station according to embodiments of the present disclosure for achieving the above objective comprises the steps of: transmitting sensing measurement setting information for a sensing operation of said UE (user equipment) to said UE; and receiving a sensing measurement report from said UE comprising one or more sensing measurement results generated through said sensing operation and one or more sensing reliability metrics associated with said one or more sensing measurement results.

[0022] The method of the base station above may further include the step of transmitting uplink resource allocation information for the sensing measurement report to the UE after transmitting the sensing measurement setting information.

[0023] The above sensing measurement setting information may include at least one of a sensing measurement request, sensing target identification information, information on a sensing service area, information on a sensing operation mode, or measurement gap setting information.

[0024] The above measurement gap setting information may include information on a measurement gap type, and the measurement gap type may be one of a terminal-specific measurement gap or a cell-specific measurement gap.

[0025] User equipment (UE) according to embodiments of the present disclosure for achieving the above objective comprises at least one processor, and the at least one processor causes the UE to receive sensing measurement setting information from a base station, perform a sensing operation based on the sensing measurement setting information, perform autocorrelation on a sensing signal used in the sensing operation, perform cross-correlation between a return signal corresponding to the sensing signal and the sensing signal, determine one or more reliability metrics using at least one of a first function corresponding to the result of the autocorrelation or a second function corresponding to the result of the cross-correlation, and transmit a sensing measurement report to the base station based on the one or more sensing reliability metrics.

[0026] According to the present disclosure, a base station may transmit sensing measurement setting information to a terminal. The terminal may perform sensing operations on sensing targets according to the sensing measurement setting information. The terminal may generate sensing results according to the sensing operation. The terminal may determine sensing reliability metrics based on post-processing operations on the sensing results. The terminal may transmit a sensing measurement report to the base station that includes not only the sensing results but also the sensing reliability metrics. The base station may determine the reliability of the sensing results reported by the terminal based on the sensing reliability metrics. Through the above-described procedures, the degradation of the reliability of the sensing performance caused by insufficient resources (e.g., time resources, frequency resources, number of antennas) at the terminal can be resolved. Through the above-described procedures, the overall sensing performance of the integrated sensing and communication system (ISAC) can be improved.

[0027] FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram illustrating embodiments of a communication system.

[0028] FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating embodiments of communication nodes constituting a communication system.

[0029] FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating embodiments of communication nodes performing communication.

[0030] FIG. 4a is a block diagram illustrating embodiments of a transmission path.

[0031] FIG. 4b is a block diagram illustrating embodiments of a receiving path.

[0032] FIG. 5 is a conceptual diagram illustrating embodiments of a system frame in a communication system.

[0033] FIG. 6 is a conceptual diagram illustrating embodiments of subframes in a communication system.

[0034] FIG. 7 is a conceptual diagram illustrating embodiments of slots in a communication system.

[0035] FIG. 8 is a conceptual diagram illustrating embodiments of time-frequency resources in a communication system.

[0036] FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating embodiments of a sensing measurement reporting procedure.

[0037] The present disclosure is capable of various modifications and may have various embodiments, and specific embodiments are illustrated in the drawings and described in detail. However, this is not intended to limit the present disclosure to specific embodiments and should be understood to include all modifications, equivalents, and substitutions that fall within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.

[0038] Terms such as "first," "second," etc., may be used to describe various components, but said components should not be limited by said terms. Such terms are used solely for the purpose of distinguishing one component from another. For example, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure, the first component may be named the second component, and similarly, the second component may be named the first component. The term "and / or" may mean a combination of a plurality of related described items or any of a plurality of related described items.

[0039] In the present disclosure, "at least one of A and B" may mean "at least one of A or B" or "at least one of one or more combinations of A and B". Additionally, in the present disclosure, "at least one of A and B" may mean "at least one of A or B" or "at least one of one or more combinations of A and B".

[0040] In the present disclosure, (re)transmission may mean "transmission," "retransmission," or "transmission and retransmission"; (re)setting may mean "setting," "resetting," or "setting and resetting"; (re)connection may mean "connection," "reconnection," or "connection and reconnection"; and (re)connection may mean "connection," "reconnection," or "connection and reconnection".

[0041] When it is stated that one component is "connected" or "connected" to another component, it should be understood that while it may be directly connected or connected to that other component, there may also be other components in between. On the other hand, when it is stated that one component is "directly connected" or "directly connected" to another component, it should be understood that there are no other components in between.

[0042] The terms used in this disclosure are used merely to describe specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this disclosure. The singular expression includes the plural expression unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. In this disclosure, terms such as “comprising” or “having” are intended to specify the existence of the features, numbers, steps, actions, components, parts, or combinations thereof described in the specification, and should be understood as not precluding the existence or addition of one or more other features, numbers, steps, actions, components, parts, or combinations thereof.

[0043] Unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein, including technical or scientific terms, have the same meaning as generally understood by those skilled in the art to which this disclosure pertains. Terms such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant technology, and should not be interpreted in an ideal or overly formal sense unless explicitly defined in this disclosure.

[0044] Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail with reference to the attached drawings. To facilitate an overall understanding of the present disclosure, the same reference numerals are used for identical components in the drawings, and redundant descriptions of identical components are omitted. Operations according to combinations of embodiments, extensions of embodiments, and / or modifications of embodiments may be performed, as well as the embodiments explicitly described in the present disclosure. The performance of some operations may be omitted, and the order of operations may be changed.

[0045] In the embodiments, even when a method performed at a first communication node among the communication nodes (e.g., transmission or reception of a signal) is described, the corresponding second communication node may perform a method corresponding to the method performed at the first communication node (e.g., reception or transmission of a signal). That is, when the operation of a UE (user equipment) is described, the corresponding base station may perform an operation corresponding to the operation of the UE. Conversely, when the operation of a base station is described, the corresponding UE may perform an operation corresponding to the operation of the base station.

[0046] A base station may be referred to as Node B, evolved Node B, gNode B (next generation node B), gNB, device, apparatus, node, communication node, BTS (base transceiver station), RRH (radio remote head), TRP (transmission reception point), RU (radio unit), RSU (road side unit), radio transceiver, access point, access node, etc. A UE may be referred to as terminal, device, apparatus, node, communication node, end node, access terminal, mobile terminal, station, subscriber station, mobile station, portable subscriber station, OBU (on-broad unit), etc.

[0047] In the present disclosure, signaling may be at least one of upper-layer signaling, MAC signaling, or PHY (physical) signaling. A message used for upper-layer signaling may be referred to as an "upper-layer message" or an "upper-layer signaling message." A message used for MAC signaling may be referred to as a "MAC message" or a "MAC signaling message." A message used for PHY signaling may be referred to as a "PHY message" or a "PHY signaling message." Upper-layer signaling may refer to the transmission and reception operations of system information (e.g., MIB (master information block), SIB (system information block)) and / or RRC (radio resource control) messages. MAC signaling may refer to the transmission and reception operations of MAC CE (control element). PHY signaling may refer to the transmission and reception operations of control information (e.g., DCI (downlink control information), UCI (uplink control information), SCI (sidelink control information)).

[0048] In the present disclosure, "setting an operation (e.g., a transmission operation)" may mean that "setting information for said operation (e.g., an information element, a parameter)" and / or "information directing the performance of said operation" is signaled. "Setting an information element (e.g., a parameter)" may mean that said information element is signaled. In the present disclosure, "signal and / or channel" may mean a signal, a channel, or "signal and channel," and "signal" may be used to mean "signal and / or channel." In the present disclosure, "time" and "time point" may be used interchangeably. "Time" may be interpreted as a time or a time point depending on the context, and "time point" may be interpreted as a time point or a time depending on the context.

[0049] In the present disclosure, a phrase containing "~ case (e.g., when ~)" may be expressed as a phrase containing "~ based on (e.g., based on ~)" or a phrase containing "~ in response to (e.g., in response to ~)". In other words, a phrase containing "~ case" may be interpreted as identical or similar to a phrase containing "~ based on" or a phrase containing "~ in response to".

[0050] The communication networks to which the embodiments are applied are not limited to those described below, and the embodiments may be applied to various communication networks (e.g., 4G communication networks, 5G communication networks, and / or 6G communication networks). Here, the term "communication network" may be used interchangeably with "communication system."

[0051] FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram illustrating embodiments of a communication system.

[0052] Referring to FIG. 1, the communication system (100) may include a plurality of communication nodes (110-1, 110-2, 110-3, 120-1, 120-2, 130-1, 130-2, 130-3, 130-4, 130-5, 130-6). Additionally, the communication system (100) may further include a core network (e.g., S-GW (serving-gateway), P-GW (PDN (packet data network)-gateway), MME (mobility management entity)). If the communication system (100) is a 5G communication system (e.g., a new radio (NR) system), the core network may include an access and mobility management function (AMF), a user plane function (UPF), a session management function (SMF), etc.

[0053] Multiple communication nodes (110 to 130) can support communication protocols defined in 3GPP (3rd generation partnership project) standards (e.g., LTE communication protocol, LTE-A communication protocol, NR communication protocol, etc.). Multiple communication nodes (110 to 130) can support CDMA (code division multiple access) technology, WCDMA (wideband CDMA) technology, TDMA (time division multiple access) technology, FDMA (frequency division multiple access) technology, OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) technology, Filtered OFDM technology, CP (cyclic prefix)-OFDM technology, DFT-s-OFDM (discrete Fourier transform-spread-OFDM) technology, OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access) technology, SC (single carrier)-FDMA technology, NOMA (non-orthogonal multiple access) technology, GFDM (generalized frequency division multiplexing) technology, FBMC (filter bank multi-carrier) technology, UFMC (universal filtered multi-carrier) technology, SDMA (space division multiple access) technology, etc. Each of the multiple communication nodes may have the following structure.

[0054] FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating embodiments of communication nodes constituting a communication system.

[0055] Referring to FIG. 2, the communication node (200) may include at least one processor (210), a memory (220), and a transceiver (230) that is connected to a network to perform communication. Additionally, the communication node (200) may further include an input interface device (240), an output interface device (250), a storage device (260), etc. Each component included in the communication node (200) may be connected by a bus (270) to communicate with one another.

[0056] The processor (210) can execute a program command stored in at least one of the memory (220) and the storage device (260). The processor (210) may mean a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), or a dedicated processor on which the methods according to embodiments of the present disclosure are performed. Each of the memory (220) and the storage device (260) may be composed of at least one of a volatile storage medium and a non-volatile storage medium. For example, the memory (220) may be composed of at least one of read-only memory (ROM) and random access memory (RAM).

[0057] Referring again to FIG. 1, the communication system (100) may include a plurality of base stations (110-1, 110-2, 110-3, 120-1, 120-2) and a plurality of terminals (130-1, 130-2, 130-3, 130-4, 130-5, 130-6). Each of the first base station (110-1), the second base station (110-2), and the third base station (110-3) may form a macro cell. Each of the fourth base station (120-1) and the fifth base station (120-2) may form a small cell. The fourth base station (120-1), the third terminal (130-3), and the fourth terminal (130-4) may be located within the cell coverage of the first base station (110-1). The second terminal (130-2), the fourth terminal (130-4), and the fifth terminal (130-5) may be located within the cell coverage of the second base station (110-2). The fifth base station (120-2), the fourth terminal (130-4), the fifth terminal (130-5), and the sixth terminal (130-6) may be located within the cell coverage of the third base station (110-3). The first terminal (130-1) may be located within the cell coverage of the fourth base station (120-1). The sixth terminal (130-6) may be located within the cell coverage of the fifth base station (120-2).

[0058] Here, each of the multiple base stations (110-1, 110-2, 110-3, 120-1, 120-2) may be referred to as NB (NodeB), eNB (evolved NodeB), gNB, ABS (advanced base station), HR-BS (high reliability-base station), BTS (base transceiver station), radio base station, radio transceiver, access point, access node, RAS (radio access station), MMR-BS (mobile multihop relay-base station), RS (relay station), ARS (advanced relay station), HR-RS (high reliability-relay station), HNB (home NodeB), HeNB (home eNodeB), RSU (road side unit), RRH (radio remote head), TP (transmission point), TRP (transmission and reception point), etc.

[0059] Each of the multiple terminals (130-1, 130-2, 130-3, 130-4, 130-5, 130-6) may be referred to as UE (user equipment), TE (terminal equipment), AMS (advanced mobile station), HR-MS (high reliability-mobile station), terminal, access terminal, mobile terminal, station, subscriber station, mobile station, portable subscriber station, node, device, OBU (on board unit), etc.

[0060] Meanwhile, each of the multiple base stations (110-1, 110-2, 110-3, 120-1, 120-2) may operate in different frequency bands or in the same frequency band. Each of the multiple base stations (110-1, 110-2, 110-3, 120-1, 120-2) may be connected to each other via an ideal backhaul link or a non-ideal backhaul link, and may exchange information with each other via an ideal backhaul link or a non-ideal backhaul link. Each of the multiple base stations (110-1, 110-2, 110-3, 120-1, 120-2) may be connected to a core network via an ideal backhaul link or a non-ideal backhaul link. Each of the multiple base stations (110-1, 110-2, 110-3, 120-1, 120-2) can transmit a signal received from the core network to the corresponding terminal (130-1, 130-2, 130-3, 130-4, 130-5, 130-6), and can transmit a signal received from the corresponding terminal (130-1, 130-2, 130-3, 130-4, 130-5, 130-6) to the core network.

[0061] In addition, each of the multiple base stations (110-1, 110-2, 110-3, 120-1, 120-2) can support MIMO transmission (e.g., SU (single user)-MIMO, MU (multi user)-MIMO, massive MIMO, etc.), CoMP (coordinated multipoint) transmission, carrier aggregation (CA) transmission, transmission in an unlicensed band, sidelink communication (e.g., D2D (device to device communication), ProSe (proximity services)), IoT (Internet of Things) communication, dual connectivity (DC), etc. Here, each of the plurality of terminals (130-1, 130-2, 130-3, 130-4, 130-5, 130-6) can perform an operation corresponding to the base station (110-1, 110-2, 110-3, 120-1, 120-2) and an operation supported by the base station (110-1, 110-2, 110-3, 120-1, 120-2). For example, the second base station (110-2) can transmit a signal to the fourth terminal (130-4) based on the SU-MIMO method, and the fourth terminal (130-4) can receive a signal from the second base station (110-2) based on the SU-MIMO method. Alternatively, the second base station (110-2) can transmit a signal to the fourth terminal (130-4) and the fifth terminal (130-5) based on the MU-MIMO method, and each of the fourth terminal (130-4) and the fifth terminal (130-5) can receive a signal from the second base station (110-2) by the MU-MIMO method.

[0062] Each of the first base station (110-1), the second base station (110-2), and the third base station (110-3) can transmit a signal to the fourth terminal (130-4) based on the CoMP method, and the fourth terminal (130-4) can receive a signal from the first base station (110-1), the second base station (110-2), and the third base station (110-3) by the CoMP method. Each of the multiple base stations (110-1, 110-2, 110-3, 120-1, 120-2) can transmit and receive signals based on the CA method with terminals (130-1, 130-2, 130-3, 130-4, 130-5, 130-6) within its cell coverage area. Each of the first base station (110-1), the second base station (110-2), and the third base station (110-3) can control sidelink communication between the fourth terminal (130-4) and the fifth terminal (130-5), and each of the fourth terminal (130-4) and the fifth terminal (130-5) can perform sidelink communication by controlling each of the second base station (110-2) and the third base station (110-3).

[0063] Meanwhile, communication nodes performing communication in a communication network may be configured as follows. The communication node shown in FIG. 3 may be a specific embodiment of the communication node shown in FIG. 2.

[0064] FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating embodiments of communication nodes performing communication.

[0065] Referring to FIG. 3, the first communication node (300a) and the second communication node (300b) may each be a base station or a UE. The first communication node (300a) may transmit a signal to the second communication node (300b). A transmission processor (311) included in the first communication node (300a) may receive data (e.g., a data unit) from a data source (310). The transmission processor (311) may receive control information from a controller (316). The control information may include at least one of system information, RRC setting information (e.g., information set by RRC signaling), MAC control information (e.g., MAC CE), or PHY control information (e.g., DCI, SCI).

[0066] The transmitting processor (311) can generate data symbol(s) by performing processing operations on data (e.g., encoding operations, symbol mapping operations, etc.). The transmitting processor (311) can generate control symbol(s) by performing processing operations on control information (e.g., encoding operations, symbol mapping operations, etc.). Additionally, the transmitting processor (311) can generate synchronization / reference symbol(s) for synchronization signals and / or reference signals.

[0067] The Tx MIMO processor (312) can perform spatial processing operations (e.g., precoding operations) on data symbol(s), control symbol(s), and / or synchronization / reference symbol(s). The output of the Tx MIMO processor (312) (e.g., a symbol stream) can be provided to modulators (MODs) included in transceivers (313a to 313t). The modulators (MODs) can perform processing operations on the symbol stream to generate modulated symbols and perform additional processing operations on the modulated symbols (e.g., analog conversion operations, amplification operations, filtering operations, up-conversion operations) to generate signals. The signals generated by the modulators (MODs) of the transceivers (313a to 313t) can be transmitted through antennas (314a to 314t).

[0068] Signals transmitted by the first communication node (300a) can be received at the antennas (364a to 364r) of the second communication node (300b). Signals received at the antennas (364a to 364r) can be provided to demodulators (DEMODs) included in the transceivers (363a to 363r). The demodulators (DEMODs) can obtain samples by performing processing operations on the signals (e.g., filtering, amplification, down-conversion, digital conversion). The demodulators (DEMODs) can obtain symbols by performing additional processing operations on the samples. The MIMO detector (362) can perform MIMO detection operations on the symbols. The receiving processor (361) can perform processing operations on the symbols (e.g., deinterleaving, decoding). The output of the receiving processor (361) can be provided to the data sink (360) and the controller (366). For example, data can be provided to the data sink (360), and control information can be provided to the controller (366).

[0069] Meanwhile, the second communication node (300b) can transmit a signal to the first communication node (300a). The transmission processor (368) included in the second communication node (300b) can receive data (e.g., a data unit) from the data source (367) and can generate data symbol(s) by performing a processing operation on the data. The transmission processor (368) can receive control information from the controller (366) and can generate control symbol(s) by performing a processing operation on the control information. Additionally, the transmission processor (368) can generate reference symbol(s) by performing a processing operation on a reference signal.

[0070] The Tx MIMO processor (369) can perform spatial processing operations (e.g., precoding operations) on data symbol(s), control symbol(s), and / or reference symbol(s). The output of the Tx MIMO processor (369) (e.g., a symbol stream) can be provided to modulators (MODs) included in transceivers (363a to 363t). The modulators (MODs) can perform processing operations on the symbol stream to generate modulated symbols and perform additional processing operations on the modulated symbols (e.g., analog conversion operations, amplification operations, filtering operations, up-conversion operations) to generate signals. The signals generated by the modulators (MODs) of the transceivers (363a to 363t) can be transmitted through antennas (364a to 364t).

[0071] Signals transmitted by the second communication node (300b) can be received at the antennas (314a to 314r) of the first communication node (300a). Signals received at the antennas (314a to 314r) can be provided to demodulators (DEMODs) included in the transceivers (313a to 313r). The demodulators (DEMODs) can obtain samples by performing processing operations on the signals (e.g., filtering operation, amplification operation, down-conversion operation, digital conversion operation). The demodulators (DEMODs) can obtain symbols by performing additional processing operations on the samples. The MIMO detector (320) can perform MIMO detection operations on the symbols. The receiving processor (319) can perform processing operations on the symbols (e.g., deinterleaving operation, decoding operation). The output of the receiving processor (319) can be provided to the data sink (318) and the controller (316). For example, data can be provided to the data sink (318), and control information can be provided to the controller (316).

[0072] The memories (315 and 365) may store data, control information, and / or program code. The scheduler (317) may perform scheduling operations for communication. The processors (311, 312, 319, 361, 368, 369) and controllers (316, 366) shown in FIG. 3 may be the processor (210) shown in FIG. 2 and may be used to perform the methods described in this disclosure.

[0073] FIG. 4a is a block diagram illustrating embodiments of a transmission path, and FIG. 4b is a block diagram illustrating embodiments of a reception path.

[0074] Referring to FIGS. 4a and 4b, a transmission path (410) may be implemented at a communication node that transmits a signal, and a reception path (420) may be implemented at a communication node that receives a signal. The transmission path (410) may include a channel coding and modulation block (411), an S-to-P (serial-to-parallel) block (512), an N IFFT (Inverse Fast Fourier Transform) block (413), a P-to-S (parallel-to-serial) block (414), a CP (cyclic prefix) addition block (415), and an UC (up-converter) (UC) (416). The reception path (420) may include a DC (down-converter) (421), a CP removal block (422), an S-to-P block (423), an N FFT block (424), a P-to-S block (425), and a channel decoding and demodulation block (426). Here, N can be a natural number.

[0075] Information bits in the transmission path (410) can be input to the channel coding and modulation block (411). The channel coding and modulation block (411) can perform coding operations (e.g., LDPC (low-density parity check) (LDPC) coding operations, polar coding operations, etc.) and modulation operations (e.g., QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying), QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), etc.) on the information bits. The output of the channel coding and modulation block (411) may be a sequence of modulation symbols.

[0076] The S-to-P block (412) can convert modulated symbols in the frequency domain into parallel symbol streams to generate N parallel symbol streams. N can be the IFFT size or the FFT size. The N IFFT block (413) can generate signals in the time domain by performing an IFFT operation on the N parallel symbol streams. The P-to-S block (414) can convert the output of the N IFFT block (413) (e.g., parallel signals) into a serial signal to generate a serial signal.

[0077] The CP addition block (415) can insert CP into the signal. The UC (416) can up-convert the frequency of the output of the CP addition block (415) to an RF (radio frequency) frequency. Additionally, the output of the CP addition block (415) can be filtered in the baseband before up-conversion.

[0078] A signal transmitted from the transmission path (410) can be input to the reception path (420). The operation in the reception path (420) may be the inverse operation of the operation in the transmission path (410). The DC (421) may down-convert the frequency of the received signal to a baseband frequency. The CP removal block (422) may remove CP from the signal. The output of the CP removal block (422) may be a serial signal. The S-to-P block (423) may convert the serial signal into parallel signals. The N FFT block (424) may generate N parallel signals by performing an FFT algorithm. The P-to-S block (425) may convert the parallel signals into a sequence of modulation symbols. The channel decoding and demodulation block (426) may perform a demodulation operation on the modulation symbols and perform a decoding operation on the result of the demodulation operation to restore the data.

[0079] In FIGS. 4a and 4b, Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and Inverse DFT (IDFT) may be used instead of FFT and IFFT. In FIGS. 4a and 4b, each of the blocks (e.g., components) may be implemented by at least one of hardware, software, or firmware. For example, in FIGS. 4a and 4b, some blocks may be implemented by software, and the remaining blocks may be implemented by hardware or a "combination of hardware and software." In FIGS. 4a and 4b, one block may be subdivided into multiple blocks, multiple blocks may be integrated into one block, some blocks may be omitted, and blocks supporting other functions may be added.

[0080] FIG. 5 is a conceptual diagram illustrating embodiments of a system frame in a communication system.

[0081] Referring to FIG. 5, time resources in a communication system can be divided into frames. For example, system frames can be set consecutively in the time domain of the communication system. The length of a system frame can be 10 ms (millisecond). The system frame number (SFN) can be set from #0 to #1023. In this case, 1024 system frames can be repeated in the time domain of the communication system. For example, the SFN of a system frame after system frame #1023 can be #0.

[0082] A single system frame may contain two half frames. The length of a single half frame may be 5ms. A half frame located at the beginning of the system frame may be referred to as "Half Frame #0", and a half frame located at the end of the system frame may be referred to as "Half Frame #1". A system frame may contain 10 subframes. The length of a single subframe may be 1ms. Within a single system frame, the 10 subframes may be referred to as "Subframe #0-9".

[0083] FIG. 6 is a conceptual diagram illustrating embodiments of subframes in a communication system.

[0084] Referring to FIG. 6, one subframe may include n slots, where n is a natural number. Thus, one subframe may consist of one or more slots.

[0085] FIG. 7 is a conceptual diagram illustrating embodiments of slots in a communication system.

[0086] Referring to FIG. 7, a slot may contain one or more symbols. A slot illustrated in FIG. 7 may contain 14 symbols. The length of the slot may vary depending on the number of symbols included in the slot and the length of the symbols. Alternatively, the length of the slot may vary depending on the numerology.

[0087] Numerals applied to physical signals and channels in a communication system may be variable. Numerals may be variable to meet various technical requirements of the communication system. In a communication system where CP (cyclic prefix) based OFDM waveform technology is applied, numerals may include subcarrier spacing and CP length (or CP type). Table 1 may be a first embodiment of a method for configuring numerals for a CP-OFDM based communication system. Depending on the frequency band in which the communication system operates, at least some of the numerals in Table 1 may be supported. Additionally, numerals not listed in Table 1 may be further supported in the communication system.

[0088]

[0089]

[0090] When the subcarrier spacing is 15 kHz (e.g., μ=0), the slot length may be 1 ms. In this case, one system frame may contain 10 slots. When the subcarrier spacing is 30 kHz (e.g., μ=1), the slot length may be 0.5 ms. In this case, one system frame may contain 20 slots.

[0091] When the subcarrier spacing is 60 kHz (e.g., μ=2), the slot length may be 0.25 ms. In this case, one system frame may contain 40 slots. When the subcarrier spacing is 120 kHz (e.g., μ=3), the slot length may be 0.125 ms. In this case, one system frame may contain 80 slots. When the subcarrier spacing is 240 kHz (e.g., μ=4), the slot length may be 0.0625 ms. In this case, one system frame may contain 160 slots.

[0092] The symbol can be set as a downlink (DL) symbol, a flexible (FL) symbol, or an uplink (UL) symbol. A slot consisting only of a DL symbol may be referred to as a "DL slot," a slot consisting only of an FL symbol may be referred to as an "FL slot," and a slot consisting only of a UL symbol may be referred to as an "UL slot."

[0093] The slot format can be semi-fixed by upper-layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling). Information indicating the semi-fixed slot format may be included in system information, and the semi-fixed slot format can be set cell-specifically. Additionally, the semi-fixed slot format can be additionally set per terminal through terminal-specific upper-layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling). The flexible symbols of the cell-specific slot format can be overridden as downlink symbols or uplink symbols by the terminal-specific upper-layer signaling. Furthermore, the slot format can be dynamically indicated by physical layer signaling (e.g., the SFI (slot format indicator) included in the DCI). The semi-fixed slot format can be overridden by the dynamically indicated slot format. For example, the semi-fixed flexible symbols can be overridden as downlink symbols or uplink symbols by the SFI.

[0094] The reference signal may be a CSI-RS (channel state information-reference signal), SRS (sounding reference signal), DM-RS (demodulation-reference signal), PT-RS (phase tracking-reference signal), etc. The channel may be a PBCH (physical broadcast channel), PDCCH (physical downlink control channel), PDSCH (physical downlink shared channel), PUCCH (physical uplink control channel), PUSCH (physical uplink shared channel), PSCCH (physical sidelink control channel), PSSCH (physical sidelink shared channel), etc. In the present disclosure, the control channel may mean PDCCH, PUCCH, or PSCCH, and the data channel may mean PDSCH, PUSCH, or PSSCH.

[0095] FIG. 8 is a conceptual diagram illustrating embodiments of time-frequency resources in a communication system.

[0096] Referring to FIG. 8, a resource consisting of one symbol (e.g., an OFDM symbol) in the time domain and one subcarrier in the frequency domain can be defined as a "RE (resource element)." A resource consisting of one OFDM symbol in the time domain and K subcarriers in the frequency domain can be defined as a "REG (resource element group)." A REG can include K REs. A REG can be used as the basic unit of resource allocation in the frequency domain. K can be a natural number. For example, K can be 12. N can be a natural number. In the slot illustrated in FIG. 7, N can be 14. N OFDM symbols can be used as the basic unit of resource allocation in the time domain.

[0097] In the present disclosure, RB may mean a common RB (CRB). Alternatively, RB may mean a PRB or a virtual RB (VRB). In a communication system, a CRB may mean an RB that constitutes a set of consecutive RBs (e.g., a common RB grid) based on a reference frequency (e.g., point A). A carrier and / or bandwidth portion may be placed on the common RB grid. That is, the carrier and / or bandwidth portion may be composed of CRB(s). An RB or CRB constituting the bandwidth portion may be referred to as a PRB, and within the bandwidth portion, a CRB index may be appropriately converted to a PRB index.

[0098] Downlink data may be transmitted via PDSCH. A base station may transmit configuration information of the PDSCH (e.g., scheduling information) to a terminal via PDCCH. A terminal may obtain the configuration information of the PDSCH by receiving the PDCCH (e.g., downlink control information (DCI)). For example, the configuration information of the PDSCH may include a modulation coding scheme (MCS) used for transmitting and receiving the PDSCH, time resource information of the PDSCH, frequency resource information of the PDSCH, feedback resource information for the PDSCH, etc. PDSCH may refer to a radio resource where downlink data is transmitted and received. Alternatively, PDSCH may refer to the downlink data itself. PDCCH may refer to a radio resource where downlink control information (e.g., DCI) is transmitted and received. Alternatively, PDCCH may refer to the downlink control information itself.

[0099] The terminal may perform a monitoring operation for the PDCCH to receive the PDSCH transmitted from the base station. The base station may notify the terminal of configuration information for the monitoring operation of the PDCCH using a higher-layer message (e.g., a radio resource control (RRC) message). The configuration information for the monitoring operation of the PDCCH may include CORESET (control resource set) information and search space information.

[0100] CORESET information may include PDCCH DMRS (demodulation reference signal) information, PDCCH precoding information, PDCCH occasion information, etc. The PDCCH DMRS may be a DMRS used to demodulate the PDCCH. A PDCCH occasion may be an area where the PDCCH can exist. That is, a PDCCH occasion may be an area where DCI can be transmitted. A PDCCH occasion may be referred to as a PDCCH candidate. PDCCH occasion information may include time resource information and frequency resource information of the PDCCH occasion. In the time domain, the length of the PDCCH occasion may be indicated in symbol units. In the frequency domain, the size of the PDCCH occasion may be indicated in RB units (e.g., PRB (physical resource block) units or CRB (common resource block) units).

[0101] The search space information may include a CORESET ID (identifier) ​​associated with the search space, the period of PDCCH monitoring, and / or an offset. The period and offset of PDCCH monitoring may each be specified in slots. Additionally, the search space information may further include the index of the symbol at which the PDCCH monitoring operation begins.

[0102] A base station may configure a Bandwidth Part (BWP) for downlink communication. BWPs may be configured differently for each terminal. The base station may notify the terminal of the BWP configuration information using upper-layer signaling. Upper-layer signaling may refer to "transmission operations of system information" and / or "transmission operations of Radio Resource Control (RRC) messages." One or more BWPs may be configured for a single terminal. The terminal may receive BWP configuration information from the base station and identify the BWP(s) configured by the base station based on the BWP configuration information. If multiple BWPs are configured for downlink communication, the base station may activate one or more of the multiple BWPs. The base station may transmit the configuration information of the activated BWP(s) to the terminal using at least one of upper-layer signaling, a Medium Access Control (MAC)-Control Element (CE), or a DCI. The base station may perform downlink communication using the activated BWP(s). The terminal can identify the activated BWP(s) by receiving configuration information of the activated BWP(s) from the base station, and can perform a downlink reception operation on the activated BWP(s).

[0103] - Sensing Measurement / Sensing Measurement Reporting Overview

[0104] For 6G communication networks, the 4GHz, 7GHz, and 14GHz bands may be considered as candidate frequency bands. An integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system may be used in the aforementioned frequency bands. In an ISAC system, both the base station and the terminal can perform sensing operations (or sensing measurements). Therefore, the terminal can use the sensing results from the base station's sensing operations, and the base station can use the sensing results from the terminal's sensing operations. However, the reliability of the sensing operations performed by the terminal may be low due to resource shortages at the terminal (e.g., insufficient number of antennas, insufficient time resources, insufficient frequency resources). When the terminal transmits a sensing measurement report to the base station that includes the sensing results as well as a sensing reliability metric for the sensing results, the base station can determine the reliability of the sensing results from the terminal's sensing operations. In this disclosure, the sensing reliability metric may be referred to as a sensing reliability indicator.

[0105] In existing NR, the terminal transmits a measurement report containing measurement results to the base station. Current technical specifications do not consider signaling procedures related to sensing operations in the measurement reporting procedure. Therefore, current technical specifications do not define a procedure for reporting sensing results by the terminal or a procedure for reporting reliability metrics for sensing results by the terminal. Existing technical specifications do not define a procedure for calculating reliability metrics for sensing results by the terminal. Therefore, in an ISAC system, the procedure for reporting sensing results by the terminal, the procedure for requesting reliability metrics from the terminal, the procedure for calculating reliability metrics for sensing results by the terminal, and the procedure for reporting reliability metrics for sensing results need to be defined. This disclosure presents a sensing measurement reporting procedure for the aforementioned procedures and parameters required for the sensing measurement reporting procedure.

[0106] - Existing technical specifications related to sensing operation

[0107] Existing technical specifications define sensing metrics for wireless sensing in 5G networks and requirements for each metric. Wireless sensing services in 5G networks must satisfy various requirements (e.g., accuracy, resolution, latency) depending on the characteristics of one or more target objects and / or the environment in the sensing service area. The sensing metrics defined in existing technical specifications will be described below.

[0108] Position estimation accuracy can indicate how close a measured sensing result (e.g., the location of a target) is to the actual location value of the target. Position estimation accuracy can be distinguished into horizontal sensing accuracy and vertical sensing accuracy. Horizontal sensing accuracy can indicate the position error in a two-dimensional reference horizontal plane. Vertical sensing accuracy can refer to the position error in the elevation axis. Velocity estimation accuracy can indicate how close a sensing result (e.g., the velocity of a target) is to the actual velocity. The confidence level can indicate the proportion of all possible measured sensing results expected to include the actual sensing result when considering accuracy. Sensing resolution can indicate the minimum value of the difference in physical quantities (e.g., distance, velocity) of a target that the sensing system can distinguish. In other words, sensing resolution can define the threshold value of the difference in distance or velocity at which two targets can be determined as different targets.

[0109] The probability of missed detection can indicate the conditional probability of failing to detect a target object / environment that actually exists, despite the target object / environment actually existing. The probability of missed detection can be calculated as the ratio of the number of events incorrectly identified as negative to the number of events in a positive state. The probability of missed detection can be applied to binary sensing results. Events in a positive state can indicate the presence of characteristics of a target object / environment. Events in a positive state can include both cases where the object actually exists but is missed (false negative) and cases where the object actually exists and is properly detected (true positive). The probability of false alarm can indicate the probability of incorrectly detecting the presence of a target object / environment even though it does not actually exist. The probability of false alarm can be calculated as the ratio of the number of events incorrectly determined as positive by the terminal to the number of events in a negative state. The probability of false alarm can be applied to binary sensing results. Events in a negative state can indicate cases where characteristics of a target object / environment do not actually exist. Events in a negative state may include both cases where something is incorrectly detected as existing when it does not actually exist (false positives) and cases where something is correctly detected as not existing when it does not actually exist (true negatives).

[0110] The maximum sensing service latency may indicate the delay from the time a specific event triggers a sensing result determination until that sensing result becomes available at the sensing system interface. The refresh rate may indicate the period during which the sensing system generates sensing results. The refresh rate may be calculated as the reciprocal of the time interval between two consecutive sensing results.

[0111] The sensing reliability metrics described above may be applied to sensing data and sensing results. The sensing result may be the result of processing the sensing data. The present disclosure may use at least one of the sensing metrics described above as the sensing result and sensing reliability metric of the terminal.

[0112] - Measurement setting information specified in the technical specifications

[0113] The technical specification defines measurement configuration information. The base station can perform settings related to measurement and reporting for the terminal through the measurement configuration information. A measurement report may be a message transmitted by the terminal to the base station. A measurement report may include a measurement identifier and measurement results (e.g., signal quality data). In the technical specification, the base station may configure a terminal in a radio resource control (RRC) connection state to perform measurement and measurement reporting according to a defined method. The measurement configuration information may be transmitted via an RRC reset message or an RRC resume message.

[0114] The parameters (or information elements) that a base station sets to a terminal through measurement setting information will be described below. The measurement target may indicate the location of time / frequency resources where the reference signal (e.g., SSB (synchronization signal block), CSI (channel state information)-RS (reference signal)) for which the terminal performs measurement is transmitted. The reporting setting information may set a policy for performing reporting. The reporting policy may indicate at least one of the following: a reporting period, the type of reference signal used for measurement / reporting, or a reporting format (e.g., the measurement quantity reported, the maximum number of cells / beams), the conditions for performing reporting, or the type of reference signal used to evaluate the conditions for performing reporting. The measurement identifier may be an identifier that indicates the correspondence between the measurement target and the reporting setting. The quantity setting may set the measurement filtering coefficient used for event evaluation / periodic reporting, the type of measurement quantity, or the type of reference signal. The measurement gap may indicate the time interval during which the terminal performs measurement. The valid measurement window can indicate the time interval during which the terminal performs a measurement in heterogeneous wireless access technology.

[0115] The present disclosure may propose procedures necessary for sensing operation / sensing measurement reporting procedures not specified in technical specifications, taking into account the parameters described above. The proposed procedures may be used in parallel with measurement / measurement reporting procedures specified in technical specifications.

[0116] - Overview of the procedure proposed in this disclosure

[0117] The present disclosure may propose a method for improving the performance of sensing measurement reporting in an ISAC system where both a base station and a terminal can perform sensing operations. The present disclosure may consider a situation where a terminal belonging to a cell of a base station performs a sensing operation while the base station is performing a sensing operation. Technical specifications may perform subsequent procedures based on measurement results (e.g., reference signal received power (RSRP)) generated by the terminal's measurement. However, in the present disclosure, the base station may directly use the terminal's sensing results. The base station cannot trust the terminal's sensing results received from the terminal without any restrictions. Therefore, the terminal may transmit not only the sensing results but also a sensing reliability metric corresponding to those sensing results to the base station. The base station may determine valid sensing results among the sensing results based on the sensing reliability metric.

[0118] A base station may transmit sensing measurement setting information to a terminal to request at least one of a sensing result or a sensing reliability metric according to a sensing measurement cycle or a sensing measurement event. The terminal may determine the type of sensing quantity based on the received sensing measurement setting information. The terminal may transmit a report containing the sensing result to the base station according to the sensing measurement reporting setting included in the sensing measurement setting information. The sensing measurement reporting setting information may follow a format defined in the technical specification. The sensing measurement reporting setting information may further include additional formats for the sensing result and the sensing reliability metric.

[0119] According to the present disclosure, a sensing measurement report may include at least one of a sensing result of a terminal or a sensing reliability metric. The sensing measurement report may maintain compatibility with a measurement report defined in a technical specification. Alternatively, the sensing measurement report may be performed independently of a measurement report defined in a technical specification.

[0120] The terminal may use ISL (integrated sidelobe level), MF (merit factor), or PSR (peak to sidelobe ratio) as a method for determining the sensing reliability metric (or a type of sensing reliability metric). Procedures other than the sensing measurement reporting procedure proposed in this disclosure may be identical to the procedure defined in the technical specification. Alternatively, the sensing measurement reporting procedure may be performed independently of the measurement reporting procedure defined in the technical specification.

[0121] In the present disclosure, a procedure for a terminal to determine a sensing reliability metric based on a sensing result in an ISAC system and a procedure for the terminal to transmit the sensing result / sensing reliability metric to a base station may be proposed. In the present disclosure, a sensing operation may direct an operation to generate a sensing result or an operation to generate a sensing reliability metric. Alternatively, a sensing operation may direct an operation to generate a sensing result / sensing reliability metric. The procedure proposed in the present disclosure may be divided into three procedures. First, a procedure for setting a sensing measurement for a sensing operation in an ISAC system may be proposed. Second, a procedure for sensing measurement in an ISAC system may be proposed. Third, a procedure for reporting a sensing measurement in an ISAC system may be proposed.

[0122] In the section describing the sensing measurement procedure, the procedure for transmitting sensing measurement setting information to a terminal by a base station and the procedure for verifying the sensing measurement setting information by the terminal that has received the sensing measurement setting information will be described. The sensing measurement setting information may include information instructing whether to request the terminal to perform a measurement defined in the technical specification or to request the terminal to perform a sensing measurement. The sensing measurement setting information may include information instructing to request the terminal to perform both the measurement and sensing operations defined in the technical specification. The sensing measurement setting information may include at least one of information for setting a sensing measurement target (or target target) or information for setting a measurement gap.

[0123] In the section describing the sensing measurement procedure, the procedure by which the terminal performs a sensing operation based on the sensing measurement configuration information will be described. In the technical specification, the terminal may perform measurements based on a reference signal transmitted from the base station. However, in the ISAC system, the terminal may perform a sensing operation based on a signal for the sensing operation (hereinafter referred to as the "sensing signal") and a return signal. The return signal may indicate a signal transmitted from a target object to the terminal based on the sensing signal transmitted from the terminal. The return signal may indicate a signal that arrives at the terminal after being reflected (or scattered) from the target object. In the section describing the sensing measurement procedure, the type of reference signal used by the terminal for the sensing operation may be defined. In the section describing the sensing procedure, examples of sensing reliability metrics determined by the terminal and methods for calculating those sensing reliability metrics will be described.

[0124] In the section describing the sensing measurement reporting procedure, the method for setting up a report including sensing results and sensing reliability metrics generated by the terminal will be explained. In the section describing the sensing measurement reporting procedure, the procedure for transmitting the sensing measurement report to the base station according to the aforementioned setting method will be explained. When setting up the sensing measurement report, the terminal may consider the sensing measurement report setting information.

[0125] - Sensing measurement settings

[0126] A base station may transmit sensing measurement setting information to a terminal. The sensing measurement setting information may include at least one of a sensing measurement report request or a sensing measurement request. The terminal may perform a sensing operation (or sensing) based on the sensing measurement setting information. The base station may control the terminal's sensing operation through the sensing measurement setting information. The sensing measurement setting information may be included in the measurement setting information defined in the technical specifications. Alternatively, the sensing measurement setting information may be transmitted to the terminal independently of the measurement setting information defined in the technical specifications.

[0127] The terminal may perform a sensing operation through the following method. The terminal may transmit a sensing signal to target objects. The sensing signal may be reflected or scattered from the target objects. The signal reflected or scattered from the target objects may be referred to as a return signal. The terminal may receive the return signal transmitted (or reflected, scattered) from the target objects. The terminal may detect the target objects through analysis of the sensing signal and the return signal. The above method may be the basis for a time delay occurring in the sensing operation. Therefore, since the sensing operation may consume more time than the measurement defined in the technical specification (e.g., measurement of the strength of a reference signal received from a base station), the sensing measurement setting information may be defined independently of the measurement setting information defined in the technical specification. The base station may transmit the measurement setting information and the sensing measurement setting information independently to the terminal to prevent the time delay, depending on the measurement result determined to be necessary (e.g., the strength of the reference signal received by the terminal, or the result of the sensing operation regarding the target objects).

[0128] The base station may instruct the terminal, through sensing measurement setting information, whether to request a measurement defined in the technical specifications (e.g., measurement of the strength of a reference signal received from the base station). In other words, the terminal may perform both the measurement and sensing operations defined in the technical specifications based on the sensing measurement setting information. Alternatively, the terminal may perform only the sensing operations based on the sensing measurement setting information.

[0129] After transmitting measurement setting information, the base station may transmit scheduling information (or resource allocation information) for transmitting a sensing measurement report to the terminal. Based on the scheduling information for transmitting the sensing measurement report, the terminal may transmit the sensing measurement report to the base station.

[0130] A base station may transmit sensing measurement setting information, including a sensing measurement request, to a terminal. The sensing measurement request may be a sensingMeasReq according to Table 2. The sensing measurement request may instruct the terminal to perform only a sensing operation. Alternatively, the sensing measurement request may instruct the terminal to perform both a sensing operation and a measurement. In this disclosure, "measurement" may refer to a measurement defined in technical specifications (e.g., measuring the strength of a reference signal received from a base station). The above-described measurement may be a measurement for the terminal to communicate with the base station. The terminal may perform only a sensing operation based on the sensing measurement request included in the received sensing measurement setting information. Alternatively, the terminal may perform both a sensing operation and a measurement based on the sensing measurement request included in the received sensing measurement setting information.

[0131]

[0132]

[0133] If a base station intends to request only a measurement from a terminal, the base station may transmit measurement configuration information to the terminal that does not include a sensing measurement request. The base station may include in the sensing measurement configuration information identification information (e.g., identifier) ​​of the target object(s) sensed by the terminal's sensing operation, or information of the sensing service area. The sensing service area may be the area to which the target object(s) belong. The sensing measurement configuration information may be transmitted via downlink control information (DCI) or media access control (MAC)-control element (CE). The sensing measurement configuration information may be transmitted periodically or non-periodically.

[0134] Sensing measurement setting information may include sensing operation mode information. A terminal that receives sensing measurement setting information may perform a sensing operation according to the sensing operation mode indicated by the sensing operation mode information. The sensing operation mode may be one of monostatic sensing, bistatic sensing, or multistatic sensing. Monostatic sensing may be a sensing operation mode in which the sensing signal transmitter and the return signal receiver are located on the same entity, similar to a radar method. Bistatic sensing may be a sensing operation mode in which the sensing signal transmitter and the return signal receiver are located on different entities. Multistatic sensing may be a sensing operation mode in which multiple sensing signal transmitters and return signal receivers operate cooperatively.

[0135] - Set measurement gap

[0136] A base station may transmit sensing measurement setting information, including measurement gap setting information, to a terminal. The terminal may determine a measurement gap and / or a sensing measurement gap based on the received measurement gap setting information. In another example, the base station may transmit sensing measurement setting information, including measurement gap setting information and sensing measurement gap setting information, to a terminal. The terminal may determine a measurement gap based on the measurement gap setting information. The terminal may determine a sensing measurement gap based on the sensing measurement gap setting information.

[0137] A measurement gap may indicate a time interval for performing a measurement (e.g., measuring the strength of a reference signal to perform communication with a base station). A sensing measurement gap may indicate a time interval for performing a sensing operation. The terminal may stop communication with the base station to perform a measurement during the measurement gap. The terminal may perform a measurement during the time interval indicated by the measurement gap. The terminal may perform a sensing operation during the time interval indicated by the sensing measurement gap. The terminal may not stop communication with the base station to perform a sensing operation during the sensing measurement gap.

[0138] Measurement gap setting information (or sensing measurement gap setting information) may include measurement gap type information. Measurement gap type information may indicate whether the measurement gap (or sensing measurement gap) is a terminal-specific measurement gap or a cell-specific measurement gap. For example, if the measurement gap type is a terminal-specific measurement gap, the measurement gap can be uniquely set for each terminal belonging to the cell. In other words, if the measurement gap type is a terminal-specific measurement gap, the measurement gap (or sensing measurement gap) of each terminal belonging to the cell may be different. If the measurement gap type is a cell-specific measurement gap, the same measurement gap (or sensing measurement gap) may be set for all terminals belonging to the cell. In other words, the base station can control the measurement gaps of the terminals belonging to the cell in common through the cell-specific measurement gap. The base station can control the measurement gaps of each terminal belonging to the cell individually through the terminal-specific measurement gap.

[0139] In Table 3, if the measurement gap type is gapSensingCell, the measurement gap type may be a cell-specific measurement gap. In Table 3, if the measurement gap type is gapSensingUE, the measurement gap type may be a terminal-specific measurement gap. The base station may transmit sensing measurement setting information, including measurement gap setting information indicating a cell-specific measurement gap, to terminals to request a sensing operation from all terminals belonging to the cell. The base station may transmit sensing measurement setting information, including measurement gap setting information indicating a terminal-specific gap, to a specific terminal belonging to the cell to request a sensing operation.

[0140]

[0141]

[0142] The way a terminal operates when performing a measurement may differ from the way it operates when performing a sensing operation. Therefore, the measurement gap and the sensing measurement gap may be configured separately. The base station may cease communication with the base station to perform a measurement during the measurement gap. However, the terminal may not cease communication with the base station to perform a sensing operation during the sensing measurement gap. In an ISAC system, the sensing operation and communication with the base station may be performed in the same frequency band. However, the sensing operation and communication with the base station may be performed using different resources on the resource grid.

[0143] A measurement gap and a sensing measurement gap set in a terminal by measurement gap setting information may overlap in the time domain. In another example, a measurement gap set in a terminal by measurement gap setting information and a sensing measurement gap set in a terminal by sensing measurement gap setting information may overlap in the time domain. Overlap in the time domain between the measurement gap and the sensing measurement gap may be a collision between the measurement gap and the sensing measurement gap. The terminal may determine (or verify) whether there is a collision between the measurement gap and the sensing measurement gap based on the received sensing measurement gap setting information. The terminal may determine the priority between measurement and sensing operations based on the collision between the measurement gap and the sensing measurement gap. Based on the priority, the terminal may determine whether to perform communication with the base station or perform a sensing operation during the time interval where the measurement gap and the sensing measurement gap overlap.

[0144] The priority between measurement and sensing operations can be determined based on the result of a comparison between the delay requirement set for communication with the base station and the delay requirement set for the sensing operation. In other words, if a collision occurs between the measurement gap and the sensing measurement gap, the terminal can compare the delay requirement set for communication with the base station and the delay requirement set for the sensing operation. The terminal can perform a sensing operation in the time interval where the measurement gap and the sensing measurement gap overlap based on the fact that the delay requirement set for communication with the base station is greater than the delay requirement set for the sensing operation. Alternatively, the terminal can perform a measurement in the time interval where the measurement gap and the sensing measurement gap overlap based on the fact that the delay requirement set for communication with the base station is smaller than the delay requirement set for the sensing operation.

[0145] In another example, after receiving sensing measurement setting information, the terminal may transmit collision instruction information to the base station indicating a collision between the measurement gap and the sensing measurement gap based on a collision between the measurement gap and the sensing measurement gap. After receiving the collision instruction information, the base station may determine the priority between the measurement and sensing operations. The base station may transmit priority information to the terminal indicating the priority between the measurement and sensing operations. The terminal may perform a sensing operation or a measurement in the time interval where the measurement gap and the sensing measurement gap overlap according to the priority information.

[0146] To prevent signaling overhead, the base station may use a measurement gap defined in the technical specifications without setting a separate sensing measurement gap to set the time interval during which the sensing operation is performed. If the base station decides to use a measurement gap to set the time interval during which the sensing operation is performed, it may include measurement gap sharing setting information in the measurement gap setting information. A terminal that receives the measurement gap sharing setting information may selectively perform a sensing operation or measurement at one or more measurement gaps indicated by the measurement gap setting information.

[0147] - Setting the type of sensing signal

[0148] Sensing measurement setting information may include sensing signal type information indicating the type of the sensing signal. The sensing signal may refer to a reference signal used for sensing operations. The sensing signal type information may be compatible with reference signal types defined in technical specifications. The sensing signal type information may be included in the sensing measurement reporting setting information contained within the sensing measurement setting information.

[0149] According to Table 3, the types of sensing signals can be distinguished into three categories. First, the sensing signal may be a newly defined reference signal for the sensing operation. The terminal can perform the sensing operation by transmitting the newly defined reference signal to the target object(s) for the sensing operation. The terminal can generate sensing result(s) based on the return signal received after the newly defined reference signal is reflected (or scattered) from the target object(s). Second, the sensing signal may be a reference signal defined in technical specifications (e.g., SSB (synchronization signal block), CSI (channel state information)-RS (reference signal), SRS (sounding reference signal), side link signal). Third, the base station may not set the type of the sensing signal for the terminal. The terminal may not perform the sensing operation based on the fact that the sensing signal type information in the received sensing measurement setting information is set to None. A terminal that has not performed a sensing operation does not transmit a sensing signal to the target(s) and may use the most recently generated sensing result(s) for sensing measurement reporting and determining sensing reliability metrics. Alternatively, the terminal may perform a sensing operation using an arbitrary reference signal based on the fact that the sensing signal type information in the received sensing measurement setting information is set to None. If the base station does not set a separate sensing signal type for the terminal, signaling overhead may be reduced.

[0150]

[0151]

[0152] - Perform sensing operation

[0153] In this section, a procedure for a terminal to transmit a sensing signal to a target to obtain a sensing result and a procedure for the terminal to generate sensing reliability metric(s) based on the sensing result will be described. To obtain a sensing result, the terminal may transmit the sensing signal directly to the target without using a beam transmitted from a base station. The sensing signal may be transmitted to multiple target targets or to a single target target. When the sensing signal is transmitted to multiple target targets, the terminal may generate sensing results. When the sensing signal is transmitted to a target target, the terminal may generate a sensing result.

[0154] A sensing signal transmitted by a terminal for a sensing operation may have a sequence (hereinafter referred to as the "sensing signal sequence"). A return signal received by the terminal after the sensing signal is reflected (or scattered) from a target may have a sequence (hereinafter referred to as the "return signal sequence"). The length of the sensing signal sequence may be N. The length of the return signal sequence may be N. The sensing signal sequence and the return signal sequence may include N complex numbers. Each of the N complex numbers may correspond to a symbol.

[0155] The method for generating the sensing result will be explained below. The terminal may perform autocorrelation on the sensing signal after receiving the return signal. Alternatively, autocorrelation on the sensing signal may be performed before the return signal is received by the terminal. The terminal may perform autocorrelation on the sensing signal to obtain a function (hereinafter "autocorrelation function") corresponding to the result of the autocorrelation. The autocorrelation function may be a function that indicates how similar the sensing signal is to itself. The autocorrelation function may be a function whose domain is time delay. In Table 5 It may be a time delay.

[0156] After receiving a return signal, the terminal can perform cross-correlation between the sensing signal and the return signal. Through cross-correlation between the sensing signal and the return signal, the terminal can obtain a function (hereinafter referred to as the "cross-correlation function") corresponding to the result of the cross-correlation. The cross-correlation function may be a function that indicates how similar the sensing signal and the return signal are to each other. The cross-correlation function may be a function whose domain is time delay. The order of the procedure for generating the autocorrelation function by the terminal and the procedure for generating the cross-correlation function by the terminal may be reversed.

[0157] The sensing result(s) may include at least one of a sensing signal sequence, a return signal sequence, an autocorrelation function corresponding to the result of autocorrelation for the sensing signal, or a cross-correlation function corresponding to the result of cross-correlation between the sensing signal and the return signal. The autocorrelation function and the cross-correlation function may be used to determine a sensing reliability metric.

[0158]

[0159]

[0160] - Determining Sensing Reliability Metrics

[0161] The terminal may receive sensing measurement setting information from a base station that includes sensing measurement quantity parameters (or information). The sensing measurement quantity parameters may be compatible with measurement quantity parameters defined in technical specifications. The sensing measurement quantity information may be included in the sensing measurement target information included in the sensing measurement setting information. The sensing measurement quantity information may indicate a method for determining a sensing reliability metric (or a type of sensing reliability metric). The sensing measurement quantity information may indicate multiple methods for determining a sensing reliability metric.

[0162] The sensing reliability metric determination method may be one of the integrated sidelobe level (ISL), merit factor (MF), or peak to sidelobe ratio (PSR). The terminal may use at least one of an autocorrelation function or a cross-correlation function according to one or more sensing reliability metric determination methods indicated by the sensing measurement quantity information. The terminal may determine (or calculate) one or more sensing reliability metrics using at least one of an autocorrelation function or a cross-correlation function. In other words, the terminal may determine (or calculate) one or more sensing reliability metrics based on at least one of an autocorrelation function or a cross-correlation function. Each of the sensing reliability metric determination methods may be classified into two types. The first type may be an autocorrelation function type. The second type may be a cross-correlation function type. A sensing reliability metric determination method of the autocorrelation function type may be a calculation method based on the autocorrelation function. A sensing reliability metric determination method of the cross-correlation function type may be a calculation method based on the cross-correlation function.

[0163] ISL can refer to the sum of the signal strengths of the side lobes of a sensing signal directed toward a target, excluding the main lobe. A higher ISL indicates a higher level of the side lobes. Therefore, a higher ISL may result in lower sensing reliability. MF can refer to the ratio between the main lobe signal strength and the ISL. A higher MF indicates that the main lobe signal strength is stronger relative to the side lobes. Therefore, a higher MF may result in higher sensing reliability. PSR can refer to the ratio between the main lobe strength and the strength of the strongest side lobe. A higher PSR indicates that the main lobe signal is stronger relative to the side lobes. Therefore, a higher PSR may result in higher sensing reliability.

[0164]

[0165]

[0166] - Sensing measurement report

[0167] A terminal may acquire sensing result(s) based on a sensing operation, determine one or more sensing reliability metrics, and then transmit a sensing measurement report containing the sensing result(s) and / or one or more sensing reliability metrics to a base station. The terminal may generate a sensing measurement report based on sensing measurement report setting information included in the sensing measurement setting information. The sensing measurement report may be similar to a measurement report specified in the technical specifications. A sensing measurement report quantity may be an information element transmitted by the terminal to the base station via the sensing measurement report. For example, the measurement report quantity may be a sensing result(s) (e.g., a sensing signal sequence, a return signal sequence, an autocorrelation function, a cross-correlation function) or a sensing reliability metric(s).

[0168] A base station may transmit sensing measurement setting information containing sensing measurement report quantity parameters (or information) to a terminal. In the received sensing measurement setting information, the terminal may identify the sensing measurement report quantity parameters. The terminal may generate a sensing measurement report based on the sensing measurement report quantity parameters. The sensing measurement report quantity parameters may be included in the sensing measurement report setting information.

[0169] If the base station decides to request a sensing result from the terminal, it may set the sensing measurement report quantity parameter to SensingResult. The terminal may generate a sensing measurement report containing sensing result(s) based on the fact that the sensing measurement report quantity parameter is SensingResult. The sensing result(s) may include at least one of a sensing signal sequence, a return signal sequence, an autocorrelation function according to Table 5, or a cross-correlation function according to Table 5. If the amount of information in the sensing result(s) is small, the sensing result(s) may be transmitted to the base station via the sensing measurement report. If the amount of information in the sensing result(s) is large, they may not be transmitted via the sensing measurement report. If the sensing result(s) are transmitted via the sensing measurement report despite having a large amount of information, signaling overhead may increase. If the amount of information in the sensing result(s) is large, the terminal may transmit the sensing result(s) to the base station through separate signaling other than the sensing measurement report. After performing a sensing operation, if the terminal determines that the amount of information in the sensing result(s) is large, it may send an uplink resource allocation request to the base station for the transmission of the sensing result(s) through separate signaling.

[0170] If the base station decides to request sensing results from the terminal, it may set the sensing measurement report quantity parameter to SensingConfidence. The sensing measurement report quantity parameter set to SensingConfidence may correspond to the sensing measurement report quantity. In other words, the base station may determine the type of sensing confidence metric reported by the terminal by setting the sensing measurement report quantity parameter to SensingConfidence. Based on the fact that the sensing measurement report quantity parameter is SensingConfidence, the terminal may generate a sensing measurement report that includes not only sensing result(s) but also sensing confidence metric(s). The terminal may determine the sensing confidence metric(s) among the sensing confidence metric(s) generated by the terminal that are included in the sensing measurement report according to the sensing measurement report quantity parameter. Alternatively, the terminal may determine (or generate) the sensing confidence metric(s) according to the sensing measurement report quantity parameter. The terminal may include sensing reliability metric(s) determined according to the sensing measurement report quantity parameter in the sensing measurement report. For example, the terminal may include ISL determined based on the autocorrelation function and MF determined based on the cross-correlation function in the sensing measurement report according to the sensing measurement report quantity parameter.

[0171] The terminal may not transmit all measurement report quantity(s) requested to be reported by the received measurement report quantity parameter to the base station. The terminal may determine the priority among target(s) based on its capability or delay requirements. Based on the priority, the terminal may determine at least one target(s) having a higher priority among the sensed target(s). The terminal may include the sensing result(s) associated with the determined at least one target(s) in the sensing measurement report.

[0172] A base station may include a threshold (e.g., a sensing reliability metric threshold) corresponding to the sensing measurement report quantity requested to be reported in the sensing measurement report quantity parameter. When a terminal receives the sensing measurement report quantity parameter, it may compare the threshold included in the sensing measurement report quantity parameter with the sensing reliability metric(s) associated with the sensing measurement report quantity requested by the base station to be reported. Based on the comparison result, the terminal may determine whether to report the sensing measurement report quantity. In other words, the terminal may determine at least one sensing reliability metric that satisfies a sensing reliability metric threshold condition based on the sensing reliability metric threshold. The sensing reliability metric threshold condition may vary depending on the type of sensing reliability metric.

[0173] For example, the terminal may include the sensing result(s) associated with the ISL, MF, or PSR in a sensing measurement report based on the fact that the ISL is below a threshold and / or the MF and PSR are above a threshold. In other words, the terminal may transmit a sensing measurement report containing the sensing result(s) associated with the ISL, MF, or PSR to a base station based on the fact that the ISL is below a threshold and / or the MF and PSR are above a threshold.

[0174] A base station may transmit information to a terminal that indicates the format in which the sensing measurement report quantity is reported, through sensing measurement report setting information (e.g., sensing measurement report quantity parameters). For example, the base station may set the terminal to have a sensing measurement report quantity proportional to the absolute return signal strength (e.g., ISL) converted to a dB scale and then reported to the base station. In another example, the base station may set the terminal to have a sensing measurement report quantity determined by the ratio between signal strengths (e.g., MF, PSR) quantized into bits and then reported to the base station. In another example, the base station may set the terminal to have the sensing measurement report quantity(s) requested to be reported converted into an indicator and then reported to the base station. The indicator may be 0 or 1. If the sensing measurement report quantity is above a threshold, it may be converted into an indicator of 1. If the sensing measurement report quantity is below a threshold, it may be converted into an indicator of 0.

[0175]

[0176]

[0177] - Sensing measurement report type

[0178] The base station may transmit sensing measurement setting information, including sensing measurement report setting information including a sensing measurement report type, to a terminal. The sensing measurement report type may indicate one of the following: a method in which the sensing measurement report shares a reporting time with the measurement report defined in the technical standard (hereinafter referred to as the "measurement report for communication with the base station"), or a method in which the sensing measurement report is performed independently of the measurement report for communication with the base station. The sensing measurement report type may be compatible with the measurement report type specified in the technical standard. The sensing measurement report type may indicate one of the following: an event trigger method or a periodic method.

[0179] If the sensing measurement report type specifies a method in which the sensing measurement report shares a reporting time with the measurement report for communication with the base station, the sensing measurement report can be transmitted to the base station at the same time as the measurement report for communication with the base station is transmitted. The period of the measurement report for communication with the base station can be the same as the period of the sensing measurement report.

[0180] If the sensing measurement report type indicates a method in which the sensing measurement report is performed independently of the measurement report for communication with the base station, the timing of transmission of the sensing measurement report may be when a newly defined sensing measurement report event occurs or according to a newly defined period. The sensing measurement report may be transmitted to the base station regardless of the transmission of the measurement report for communication with the base station.

[0181] The base station may determine the sensing measurement report type based on the sensing measurement request according to Table 2 or the measurement gap type according to Table 3. For example, if the sensing measurement request is 0, the base station may set the sensing measurement report type to NR independent, as the terminal performs only sensing operations. In another example, if the sensing measurement request is 1, the base station may set the sensing measurement report type to NR sharing, as the terminal performs both sensing operations and measurements. If the sensing measurement report type is set to NR sharing, signaling overhead may be reduced. For example, if the measurement gap is a terminal-specific measurement gap, the base station may configure the periodic transmission of sensing measurement reports to the terminal via the sensing measurement report type. If a terminal-specific measurement gap is set on the terminal, the amount of traffic may not burden the base station even if the terminal performs periodic sensing measurement reports. However, if the measurement gap set on the terminal is a cell-specific measurement gap, multiple terminals belonging to a single cell may simultaneously transmit sensing measurement reports to the base station. If multiple terminals simultaneously transmit sensing measurement reports to the base station, the traffic can become a burden on the base station. Therefore, if the measurement gap is a cell-specific measurement gap, the base station can configure the transmission of sensing measurement reports to terminals via an event-triggered method through the sensing measurement report type.

[0182]

[0183]

[0184] - Sensing measurement report event type

[0185] Referring to Table 9, the types of sensing measurement reports used when a sensing measurement report, which is performed independently of measurements for communication with a base station, is performed using an event trigger method can be identified. The base station can determine whether a sensing measurement report event is satisfied. Based on whether a sensing measurement report event is satisfied, the base station can transmit a sensing measurement report request (or sensing measurement setting information) to the terminal.

[0186] Event S1 may be an event in which the sensing performance of a base station's sensing operation (e.g., a sensing reliability metric) is below a threshold. The base station may determine (or verify) whether its sensing performance is below the threshold. If the base station determines that its sensing performance is below the threshold, it may determine that Event S1 is satisfied. In other words, the base station may determine that Event S1 is satisfied based on the fact that its sensing performance is below the threshold. Based on the determination that Event S1 is satisfied, the base station may send a request for a sensing measurement report to the terminal. The base station's sensing performance may be measured by the base station through the method described in the section on determining the sensing reliability metric.

[0187] Event S2 may be an event in which the terminal's sensing performance is above a threshold. The base station may receive a sensing measurement report from the terminal and verify the terminal's sensing performance (e.g., a sensing reliability metric measured by the terminal according to the method described in the section on determining the sensing reliability metric). The base station may compare the terminal's sensing performance with a preset threshold. Based on the fact that the terminal's sensing performance is above (or exceeds) the threshold, the base station may send a sensing measurement report request (or sensing measurement setting information) to the terminal.

[0188] Event S3 may be an event where the terminal's sensing performance is greater than the base station's sensing performance by an offset. The base station may receive a sensing measurement report from the terminal and verify the terminal's sensing performance (e.g., a sensing reliability metric measured by the terminal according to the method described in the section on determining the sensing reliability metric). The base station may compare its own sensing performance with the terminal's sensing performance. Based on the fact that the terminal's sensing performance is greater than (or exceeds) the base station's sensing performance by a preset offset, the base station may send a request for a sensing measurement report (or sensing measurement setting information) to the terminal. The base station's sensing performance may be measured by the base station through the method described in the section on determining the sensing reliability metric.

[0189] The base station can set the periodic transmission of the sensing measurement report and the transmission period of the sensing measurement report to the terminal through the sensing measurement report setting information for the periodic transmission of the sensing measurement report.

[0190]

[0191]

[0192] FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating embodiments of a sensing measurement reporting procedure.

[0193] Referring to FIG. 9, the base station may transmit sensing measurement setting information to the terminal (S910). The sensing measurement setting information may include at least one of the information elements described in the sensing measurement setting section, the sensing signal type setting section, the sensing reliability metric determination section, the sensing measurement report section, the sensing measurement report type section, and the sensing measurement report event type section. After transmitting the sensing measurement setting information, the base station may transmit uplink resource allocation information for transmitting the sensing measurement report to the terminal (S920).

[0194] A terminal that has received sensing measurement setting information can perform a sensing operation. In other words, the terminal can transmit a sensing signal to a target(s) (S930) and receive a return signal from the target(s) (S940). The performance of the sensing operation can be performed based on the method described in the section on performing a sensing operation. The terminal that has performed the sensing operation can generate sensing result(s). The sensing result(s) can be generated based on the method described in the section on sensing operation. The terminal that has generated the sensing result(s) can determine a sensing reliability metric(s). The sensing reliability metric(s) can be determined based on the method described in the section on sensing reliability metric(s).

[0195] A terminal that has determined a sensing reliability metric can perform a sensing measurement report (S950). The sensing measurement report can be performed based on the method described in the sensing measurement report section, the sensing measurement report type section, and the sensing measurement report event type section. A base station that receives the sensing measurement report can determine valid sensing result(s) among the sensing result(s) received by the terminal based on the sensing reliability metric(s) included in the sensing measurement report. The determined sensing result(s) can be utilized by the base station thereafter.

[0196] Simple combinations, partial combinations, and / or extended combinations of two or more of the embodiments described above (e.g., methods, ways) may be possible. Some of the embodiments described above may be omitted. In other words, some embodiments may be performed optionally.

[0197] The operation of the method according to the present disclosure can be implemented as a computer-readable program or code on a computer-readable recording medium. A computer-readable recording medium includes any type of recording device in which information that can be read by a computer system is stored. Additionally, a computer-readable recording medium may be distributed across networked computer systems, allowing the computer-readable program or code to be stored and executed in a distributed manner.

[0198] In addition, computer-readable recording media may include hardware devices specifically configured to store and execute program instructions, such as ROM, RAM, and flash memory. Program instructions may include machine code, such as that generated by a compiler, as well as high-level language code that can be executed by a computer using an interpreter, etc.

[0199] Some aspects of the present disclosure have been described in the context of a device, but may also be described according to a corresponding method, wherein a block or device corresponds to a method step or a feature of a method step. Similarly, aspects described in the context of a method may also be described according to a corresponding block or item or a feature of a corresponding device. Some or all of the method steps may be performed by (or using) a hardware device, such as, for example, a microprocessor, a programmable computer, or an electronic circuit. In some embodiments, at least one of the most important method steps may be performed by such a device.

[0200] A programmable logic device (e.g., a field-programmable gate array) may be used to perform some or all of the functions of the methods described in this disclosure. A field-programmable gate array may operate with a microprocessor to perform one of the methods described in this disclosure. Generally, it is preferable that the methods be performed by some hardware device.

[0201] Although the present disclosure has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that various modifications and changes can be made to the present disclosure without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as set forth in the following claims.

Claims

1. As a method of UE (user equipment), A step of receiving sensing measurement setting information from a base station; A step of performing a sensing operation based on the above sensing measurement setting information; A step of performing autocorrelation on the sensing signal used in the above sensing operation; A step of performing cross-correlation between a return signal corresponding to the sensing signal and the sensing signal; A step of determining one or more reliability metrics using at least one of a first function corresponding to the result of the autocorrelation or a second function corresponding to the result of the cross-correlation; and A step comprising transmitting a sensing measurement report to the base station based on one or more of the above-mentioned sensing reliability metrics, UE's method.

2. In Claim 1, A method further comprising the step of receiving uplink resource allocation information for the sensing measurement report from the base station after receiving the sensing measurement setting information. UE's method.

3. In Claim 1, The method further includes the step of receiving the sensing measurement setting information and, based on the sensing measurement request included in the sensing measurement setting information, performing a measurement for communication with the base station. UE's method.

4. In Claim 1, The above sensing measurement setting information includes at least one of sensing target identification information, information of a sensing service area, or information of a sensing operation mode. UE's method.

5. In Claim 1, After receiving the measurement setting information, the method further includes the step of determining a priority between communication with the base station and the sensing operation based on the overlap between the measurement gap for communication with the base station and the sensing measurement gap indicated by the measurement gap setting information included in the sensing measurement setting information, wherein the sensing operation is performed in a time interval indicated by the sensing measurement gap based on the priority. UE's method.

6. In Claim 5, The above measurement gap setting information includes measurement gap type information, and the measurement gap type is one of a terminal-specific measurement gap or a cell-specific measurement gap, UE's method.

7. In Claim 5, The above priority is determined based on the result of a comparison between the delay requirement for communication with the base station and the delay requirement for the sensing operation, UE's method.

8. In Claim 1, A step of transmitting first information instructing the base station to overlap based on the overlap between the measurement gap for communication with the base station and the sensing measurement gap, which is indicated by the measurement gap setting information included in the sensing measurement setting information, after receiving the measurement setting information; and The method further includes the step of receiving second information from the base station in response to the first information, which indicates the priority between communication with the base station and the sensing operation. The above sensing operation is performed in a time interval indicated by the sensing measurement gap based on the above second information, UE's method.

9. In Claim 1, The above sensing measurement setting information includes sensing measurement report setting information, and the above sensing measurement report setting information includes type information of a sensing signal used in the sensing operation. UE's method.

10. In Claim 1, The above sensing measurement setting information includes a sensing measurement quantity parameter, and the first function or the second function is used according to one or more sensing reliability metric determination methods indicated by the sensing measurement quantity parameter, UE's method.

11. In Claim 1, The method further includes the step of determining at least one first sensing reliability metric among the one or more sensing reliability metrics, after determining the above one or more sensing reliability metrics, and the sensing measurement report includes the at least one first sensing reliability metric. UE's method.

12. In Claim 1, The method further includes the step of determining at least one second sensing reliability metric among the one or more sensing reliability metrics, after determining the above one or more sensing reliability metrics, which satisfies a sensing reliability metric threshold condition indicated by a sensing measurement report setting included in the sensing measurement setting information, wherein the sensing measurement report includes at least one sensing result associated with the at least one second sensing reliability metric. UE's method.

13. In Claim 1, A step of determining the priority among target objects sensed by the sensing operation before transmitting the above sensing measurement report; and The method includes the step of determining at least one first target among the target targets based on the above priority, and The above sensing measurement report includes sensing result(s) associated with at least one first target object, UE's method.

14. In Claim 1, The above sensing measurement report is transmitted based on a sensing measurement report type included in a sensing measurement report setting included in the above sensing measurement setting information, and the above sensing measurement report type includes a parameter indicating whether the above sensing measurement report is transmitted independently of a measurement report for communication with the base station, UE's method.

15. In Claim 14, Based on the fact that the sensing measurement report is transmitted independently of the measurement report for communication with the base station by the above-mentioned report type, the sensing measurement report is transmitted according to an event indicated by the event type included in the sensing measurement report setting, UE's method.

16. As a method of base station, A step of transmitting sensing measurement setting information for the sensing operation of the UE to the UE (user equipment); and A step comprising receiving a sensing measurement report from the UE, the report including one or more sensing measurement results generated through the sensing operation and one or more sensing reliability metrics associated with the one or more sensing measurement results. Base station method.

17. In Claim 16, A method further comprising the step of transmitting uplink resource allocation information for the sensing measurement report to the UE after transmitting the sensing measurement setting information. Base station method.

18. In Claim 16, The above sensing measurement setting information includes at least one of a sensing measurement request, sensing target identification information, information of a sensing service area, information of a sensing operation mode, or measurement gap setting information. Base station method.

19. In Claim 18, The above measurement gap setting information includes information on a measurement gap type, and the measurement gap type is one of a terminal-specific measurement gap or a cell-specific measurement gap, Base station method.

20. As UE (user equipment), It includes at least one processor, The above at least one processor is the UE, Receive sensing measurement setting information from the base station; Perform a sensing operation based on the above sensing measurement setting information; Perform autocorrelation on the sensing signal used in the above sensing operation; Performing cross-correlation between the return signal corresponding to the sensing signal and the sensing signal; Determining one or more reliability metrics using at least one of a first function corresponding to the result of the above autocorrelation or a second function corresponding to the result of the above crosscorrelation; and Causing to transmit a sensing measurement report to the base station based on one or more of the above-mentioned sensing reliability metrics, UE.

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