Speed reducer and associated actuator
The speed reducer design with a hollow input shaft, strain wave gear, and electromagnetic brake with spaced bearings and seals addresses the issues of size and sealing in conventional actuators, providing a compact actuator with a larger inner hole for industrial robots.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- ABB (SCHWEIZ) AG
- Filing Date
- 2024-10-30
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-07
AI Technical Summary
Conventional actuators and speed reducers fail to meet the requirements of industrial robots by not providing a larger hollow hole for passing customer media, adequate sealing protection against grease leakage, and a compact size, especially in collaborative robot designs.
A speed reducer design incorporating a hollow input shaft, strain wave gear, and electromagnetic brake with bearings spaced apart by a brake housing, sealed with seals to prevent leakage, and a compact configuration to reduce axial length and ensure a larger inner hole.
The design achieves a compact actuator with a larger inner hole and effective sealing protection, suitable for industrial robot applications.
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Figure CN2024128626_07052026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
SPEED REDUCER AND ASSOCIATED ACTUATORFIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] This invention relates to a speed reducer and its associated actuator.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] An actuator is a device that converts energy into physical motion, and the vast majority of actuators produce rotary or linear motion. Linear actuators are defined by force, rotary actuators are defined by torque. Typically, the actuator is compact and easy for integration, it thus has become one of the most important components for a robot.
[0003] The most popular actuator in the market is typically built with a strain wave gear and a frameless motor. There are a lot of manufacturers in the market providing such actuators or robots with such actuators. Typically, a speed reducer is incorporated within such an actuator.
[0004] There is still a need to provide an improved actuator and / or speed reducer that may fulfill various requirements in the industry.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0005] The invention is defined by the claims.
[0006] According to one aspect of the disclosure, there is provided a speed reducer comprising: a hollow input shaft arranged to couple to a motor; a strain wave gear connected to the hollow input shaft; and an electromagnetic brake comprising a brake housing, which is supported on the hollow input shaft via a first bearing and a second bearing, and secured to a main body of the strain wave gear; wherein the first bearing and the second bearing are hosted by the brake housing and spaced from each other.
[0007] With the above speed reducer, a short axial length for the speed reducer may be realized. In addition, a larger hollow inner hole for the speed reducer and / or actuator and a good sealing protection may also be ensured.
[0008] In some embodiments, the electromagnetic brake further comprises: a shaft adapter secured on the hollow input shaft; a friction disc secured on the shaft adapter and configured to engage with an armature plate of the electromagnetic brake.
[0009] In some embodiments, the shaft adapter is constructed with a plurality of planar surfaces at its outer diameter, wherein the friction disc is secured on the plurality of planar surfaces.
[0010] In some embodiments, the speed reducer further comprises: a first seal arranged around the hollow input shaft and between the first bearing and the second bearing, so as to prevent a grease leakage along a circumferential surface of the hollow input shaft.
[0011] In some embodiments, the speed reducer further comprises: an output flange secured to a rigid circular spline of the strain wave gear and constructed to interface with a first end of the hollow input shaft, the output flange serves as an output component for the strain wave gear.
[0012] In some embodiments, the speed reducer further comprises: a second seal arranged between the output flange and the first end of the hollow input shaft, so as to prevent a grease leakage from the strain wave gear towards an inner side of the hollow input shaft.
[0013] In some embodiments, the speed reducer further comprises: the first bearing and the second bearing are preloaded by a wave spring.
[0014] In some embodiments, the brake housing is integrally formed.
[0015] In some embodiments, the strain wave gear is of a hat type.
[0016] According to another aspect of the disclosure, there is provided an actuator comprising: the speed reducer as described above; and a motor coupled to the hollow input shaft.
[0017] In some embodiments, the motor comprises: a hollow motor shaft; and a motor rotor integrated with the hollow motor shaft; wherein the hollow motor shaft is secured to the hollow input shaft.
[0018] In some embodiments, the hollow motor shaft has a first inner surface at a first end and a second inner surface at a second end, the first inner surface has a reduced inner diameter than the second inner surface; and wherein the first inner surface of the hollow motor shaft is interfaced with an outer surface of the hollow input shaft, such that the second inner surface of the hollow motor shaft is flush with an inner surface of the hollow input shaft.
[0019] In some embodiments, the motor further comprises: a stator housing secured to the brake housing; a motor stator mounted onto the stator housing and surrounding the motor rotor.
[0020] In some embodiments, the actuator further comprises: a positon sensor arranged between the motor stator and the electromagnetic brake.
[0021] In some embodiments, the positon sensor comprises: a sensor stator mounted onto the stator housing; and a sensor rotor secured onto the hollow input shaft or the hollow motor shaft.
[0022] According to yet another aspect of the disclosure, there is provided a robot comprising: the speed reducer or actuator as described above.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0023] In the drawings, similar / same reference signs throughout different views generally represent similar / same parts. Drawings are not necessarily on scale. Rather, emphasis is placed upon the illustration of the principles of the present invention. In these drawings:
[0024] Fig. 1 illustrates a general concept of an actuator according to one embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0025] Fig. 2 illustrates a schematic structure of a speed reducer integrated with an electromagnetic brake according to one embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0026] Fig. 3 illustrates a schematic view of a shaft adapter in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0027] Fig. 4 illustrates a schematic diagram of a specific actuator comprising a motor and a speed reducer in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0028] Fig. 5A illustrates a schematic perspective view of the motor rotor integrated with the hollow motor shaft in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure; and
[0029] Fig. 5B illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of the motor rotor integrated with the hollow motor shaft in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0030] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
[0031] Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more details with reference to the drawings. Although the drawings illustrate some embodiments of the present disclosure, it should be appreciated that the present disclosure can be implemented in various manners and should not be interpreted as being limited to the embodiments explained herein. On the contrary, the embodiments are provided to understand the present disclosure in a more thorough and complete way. It should be appreciated that drawings and embodiments of the present disclosure are only for exemplary purposes rather than restricting the protection scope of the present disclosure.
[0032] In the descriptions of the embodiments of the present disclosure, the term “includes” and its variants are to be read as open-ended terms that mean “includes, but is not limited to. ” The term “based on” is to be read as “based at least in part on. ” The terms “one embodiment” and “this embodiment” are to be read as “at least one embodiment. ” The following text also can comprise other explicit and implicit definitions.
[0033] Actuators are widely used in the robot industry. Typically, the design for the actuator are mainly driven by a collaborative robot (or cobot) . However, it is found that such a design may not be well adapted to other robot applications, e.g., the industrial robot applications, which typically requires: -a larger hollow hole for the shaft of the actuator, so as to allow more customer media (e.g., the cables) to pass through; -a better sealing protection to prevent grease leakage; and -a compact size of the actuator, which implies a short axial length.
[0034] The present disclosure aims to provide an improve speed reducer and / or actuator, which may alleviate the drawbacks of the conventional designs.
[0035] For better understanding of the present disclosure, Fig. 1 illustrates a general concept of an actuator according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0036] As illustrated in Fig. 1, the actuator 10 may comprise a hollow input shaft 1, a strain wave gear 2, an electromagnetic brake 3 and a motor 4.
[0037] Typically, the hollow input shaft 1 is a high speed input shaft, which is arranged to couple to the motor 4. It is understood that with the hollow input shaft 1, customer media such as cables may then pass therethrough. Further, as will be described thereafter, in accordance with the design of the present disclosure, the inner hole of the hollow input shaft 1 may be kept as large as possible, which would allow more customer media to pass through.
[0038] The motor 4 is generally formed with a motor rotor 41 and a motor stator 42. Just as an example, the motor 4 may be a frameless motor.
[0039] In some embodiments, the motor rotor 41 is mounted on one side of the hollow input shaft 5, and the motor stator 42 is configured to surround the motor rotor 41. When the motor 4 is powered on, the motor rotator 41 is enabled to rotate, causing a high speed rotation of the hollow input shaft 1.
[0040] The strain wave gear 2 is arranged on another side of the hollow input shaft 1, and configured to output a reduced rotational speed with a high reduction ratio, as compared to the high rotational speed of the hollow input shaft. For example, the high reduction ratio may be in the range from 30: 1 to 300: 1.
[0041] The electromagnetic brake 3 is supported on the hollow input shaft 1 via bearings and integrated with the strain wave gear 2. Also, the electromagnetic brake 3 is positioned between the motor 4 and the strain wave gear 4. It is to be understood that electromagnetic brake 3 serves to halt and hold the rotation of the hollow input shaft as desired.
[0042] Further, various sensors including e.g., a position sensor may be attached to or positioned adjacent to the hollow input shaft 1, to monitor the rotation of the hollow input shaft 1.
[0043] Particularly, the design of the strain wave gear 2 integrated with the electromagnetic brake 3 is very compact, and typically the combination of the two may also be called as a speed reducer. For better understanding the integration, Fig. 2 illustrates a schematic structure of a speed reducer integrated with the electromagnetic brake according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0044] It is noted that merely for illustration, the strain wave gear 2 in Fig. 2 is shown as a strain wave gear of a hat type, e.g., with a silk hat shape. However, this is not a limitation, the strain wave gear 2 may be any type of strain wave gear.
[0045] Typically, the strain wave gear 2 comprises three basic components, i.e., a wave generator 21, a flex spline 22 and a rigid circular spline 23.
[0046] The wave generator 21 is assembled on a first side of the hollow input shaft 1 and is typically made of two separate parts: an elliptical disk called a wave generator plug and an outer ball bearing. The elliptical plug is mounted onto or integrally formed with the first side of the hollow input shaft 1 and inserted into the bearing, forcing the bearing to conform to the elliptical shape but still allowing rotation of the plug within the outer bearing.
[0047] Just as an example, the flex spline 22 is shaped like a hat which comprises a cylindrical barrel part 22a and a vertical part 22b, wherein the vertical part 22b extends outwardly and vertically from the cylindrical barrel part 22a, and is secured onto a main body 24 of the strain wave gear 2.
[0048] Teeth are positioned radially around the outside of the cylindrical barrel part 22a. The cylindrical barrel part 22a fits tightly over the wave generator 21, so that when the wave generator plug is rotated, the cylindrical barrel part 22a deforms to the shape of a rotating ellipse and does not slip over the outer elliptical ring of the ball bearing. The bearing lets the cylindrical barrel part 22a rotate independently to the wave generator's shaft, i.e., the hollow input shaft 1.
[0049] The circular spline 23 is a rigid circular ring with teeth on its inside. The cylindrical barrel part 22a and the wave generator 21 are placed inside the circular spline 23, meshing the teeth of the cylindrical barrel part 22a and the circular spline 23. Because the cylindrical barrel part 22a is deformed into an elliptical shape, its teeth only actually mesh with the teeth of the circular spline in two regions on opposite sides of the flex spline (located on the major axis of the ellipse) .
[0050] Typically, there are fewer teeth (e.g., two fewer) on the cylindrical barrel part 22a than there are on the circular spline 23. This means that for every full rotation of the wave generator, the cylindrical barrel part 22a would be required to rotate a slight amount (two teeth in this example) backward relative to the circular spline 23. Due to the design that the vertical part 22b is secured onto a main body 24 of the strain wave gear 2, the circular spline 23 may be configured as an output for the strain wave gear 2.
[0051] Particularly, in some embodiments, an output flange 25 may be secured to the circular spline 23 and then serve as an output component for the strain wave gear 2. With the output flange, the connection between two different robot joints may be facilitated.
[0052] The electromagnetic brake 3 may comprise a brake housing 31 and various components (not illustrated, including e.g., coils) housed within the brake housing 31. The brake housing 31 is secured to the main body 24 of the strain wave gear 24 via e.g. a plurality of fastening bolts. In accordance with the present disclosure, the electromagnetic brake 3 may be supported on the hollow input shaft 1 via two bearings, i.e., a first bearing 32 and a second bearing 33. Typically, the two bearings may be ball bearings.
[0053] In accordance with the present disclosure, the first bearing 32 and the second bearing 33 are hosted by the brake housing 31 and spaced from each other. Due to this arrangement, the axial length of the speed reducer 20 that is occupied by the electromagnetic brake 3 may be reduced. In some embodiments, in order to keep the two bearings in place, the two bearings may be preloaded e.g. by a wave spring 36.
[0054] In embodiments with a strain wave gear 2 with a hat or cup shape, the part of the brake housing 2 especially including one of the two bearings may be arranged within the inner space of the hat or cup. In this way, the whole axial length of the speed reducer may be further reduced.
[0055] The electromagnetic brake 3 further comprises a friction disc 34. In some embodiments, a shaft adapter 35 may be arranged to support the friction disc 34. Fig. 3 illustrates a schematic view of a shaft adapter in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0056] As illustrated in Figs. 2 and 3, the shaft adapter 35 may be a circular adapter which is secured on the hollow input shaft 1 and may have a plurality of planar surfaces 35a at its outer diameter. Further, the friction disc 34 is secured on the plurality of planar surfaces 35a. In this way, the friction disc 34 and the shaft adapter 3 may rotate together with the hollow input shaft 1.
[0057] With the above arrangement, it is understood that the shaft adapter 3 may facilitate the securing of the friction disc 34 onto the hollow input shaft 1. In addition, under a given outer diameter of the speed reducer, the inner diameter of the hollow input shaft 1 may be reduced, as compared to the conventional design of securing the friction disc 34 directly onto the hollow input shaft 1, this is because there is no need to provide flat surfaces directly on the hollow input shaft 1.
[0058] The electromagnetic brake 3 is designed with a braking function to engage with the friction disc 34. Just as an example, the braking function may be spring actuated. In this case, an armature plate 39 may be utilized to engage with the friction disc 34. In some embodiments, the spring actuated braking function may be realized as power-off engaged. When no voltage is applied to the coil of the brake, the electromagnetic brake 3 halts and holds the rotation of the friction disc, and then the hollow input shaft. Power-off engaged functionality may be achieved by internal compression springs that push the armature plate 39 into the friction disc 34 to stop and hold the friction disc 34.
[0059] In some embodiments, in order to prevent a potential grease leakage along a circumferential surface of the hollow input shaft 1, a first seal 37 may be arranged around the hollow input shaft 1 and between the first bearing 32 and the second bearing 33. In some some embodiments, in order to prevent a potential grease leakage from the strain wave gear 2 towards an inner side of the hollow input shaft 1, a second seal 38 may be arranged between the output flange 25 and a first end of the hollow input shaft 1. Particularly, the first end of the hollow input shaft 1 has a step portion, the second seal 38 is placed within the step portion.
[0060] Fig. 4 illustrates a schematic diagram of a specific actuator comprising a motor and a speed reducer in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0061] As illustrated in Figs. 4, the motor 4 comprises a hollow motor shaft 40, a motor rotor 41 and a motor stator 42 surrounding the motor rotor 41.
[0062] Typically, the motor rotor 41 is integrated with the hollow motor shaft 40. For example, magnetic steels may be disposed on the outer circumferential surface of the hollow motor shaft 40 to form the motor rotor 41. Fig. 5A illustrates a schematic perspective view of the motor rotor integrated with the hollow motor shaft in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0063] According to the present disclosure, the hollow motor shaft 40 is arranged to be secured onto the hollow input shaft. In some embodiments, the hollow motor shaft 40 may have a reduced inner diameter at its one end to engage with the hollow input shaft 1.
[0064] Fig. 5B illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of the motor rotor integrated with the hollow motor shaft in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0065] As illustrated in Fig. 5B, the hollow motor shaft 40 has a first inner surface 401 at a first end 40a and a second inner surface 402 at a second end 40b. Particularly, the first inner surface 401 has a reduced inner diameter than the second inner surface 402.
[0066] Referring back to Fig. 4, the first inner surface 401 is configured to interface with an outer surface of the hollow input shaft 1. In some embodiments, the first inner surface 401 is interfaced with the outer surface of the hollow input shaft, such that the second inner surface 402 is flush with an inner surface of the hollow input shaft. To facilitate the interfacing, in some embodiments the interfacing end of the hollow input shaft 1 is thinned from its circumferential surface.
[0067] In this way, it is understood that the inner hole of the hollow motor shaft 40 and the hollow input shaft 1 may be kept as large as possible.
[0068] The motor 4 may further comprise a stator housing 43, which may be secured to the brake housing 31 and / or the main body 24 of the strain wave gear 2. The motor stator 42 may be mounted onto the stator housing 43 and kept at a distance from the motor rotor 41. The stator housing 43 extends from the motor stator 42 towards the main body 24 of the strain wave gear 2. In some embodiments, the stator housing 43 also surrounds the electromagnetic brake 3.
[0069] In some embodiments, the actuator 10 may further comprise a position sensor 5 arranged between the motor stator 3 and the electromagnetic brake 4. Typically, the position sensor 5 may be a rotary encoder.
[0070] Particularly, the position sensor 5 may comprise a sensor rotor 52 and a sensor stator 53, wherein the sensor rotor 52 may be secured onto the hollow input shaft 1 or the hollow motor shaft 40, while the sensor stator 53 may be mounted onto the stator housing 43.
[0071] Various embodiments have been described with respect to the speed reducer and the actuator. It is understood that in accordance with the present disclosure, a speed reducer and / or actuator with an integrated electromagnetic brake may be realized. Particularly, such a speed reducer and / or actuator may have a compact size, especially with a short axial length. In addition, a larger hollow inner hole for the speed reducer and / or actuator and a good sealing protection may be ensured, as compared to the conventional design.
[0072] It will be further understood that the disclosed speed reducer and / or actuator may be particularly applied in robot joints, e.g., wrist joints. Accordingly, the present disclosure may also be directed to a robot comprising the speed reducer or actuator as described above.
[0073] Other variations to the disclosed embodiments can be understood and effected by those skilled in the art in practicing the claimed invention, from a study of the drawings, the disclosure, and the appended claims. In the claims, the word "comprising" does not exclude other elements or steps, and the indefinite article "a" or "an" does not exclude a plurality. The mere fact that certain measures are recited in mutually different dependent claims does not indicate that a combination of these measures cannot be used to advantage. Any reference signs in the claims should not be construed as limiting the scope.
Claims
1.A speed reducer (20) comprising:a hollow input shaft (1) arranged to couple to a motor (4) ;a strain wave gear (2) connected to the hollow input shaft (1) ; andan electromagnetic brake (3) comprising a brake housing (31) , which is supported on the hollow input shaft (1) via a first bearing (32) and a second bearing (33) , and secured to a main body (24) of the strain wave gear (2) ;wherein the first bearing (32) and the second bearing (33) are hosted by the brake housing (31) and spaced from each other.2.The speed reducer (20) of claim 1 wherein the electromagnetic brake (3) further comprises:a shaft adapter (35) secured on the hollow input shaft (1) ;a friction disc (34) secured on the shaft adapter (35) and configured to engage with an armature plate (39) of the electromagnetic brake (3) .3.The speed reducer (20) of claim 1, wherein the shaft adapter (35) is constructed with a plurality of planar surfaces (35a) at its outer diameter, wherein the friction disc (34) is secured on the plurality of planar surfaces (35a) .4.The speed reducer (20) of claim 1 further comprising:a first seal (37) arranged around the hollow input shaft (1) and between the first bearing (32) and the second bearing (33) , so as to prevent a grease leakage along a circumferential surface of the hollow input shaft (1) .5.The speed reducer (20) of claim 1 further comprising:an output flange (25) secured to a rigid circular spline of the strain wave gear (2) and constructed to interface with a first end of the hollow input shaft (1) , the output flange (25) serves as an output component for the strain wave gear (2) .6.The speed reducer (20) of claim 1 further comprising:a second seal (38) arranged between the output flange (25) and the first end of the hollow input shaft (1) , so as to prevent a grease leakage from the strain wave gear (2) towards an inner side of the hollow input shaft (1) .7.The speed reducer (20) of any of preceding claims further comprising:the first bearing (32) and the second bearing (33) are preloaded by a wave spring (36) .8.The speed reducer (20) of any of preceding claims, wherein the brake housing (31) is integrally formed.9.The speed reducer (20) of any of preceding claims, wherein the strain wave gear (1) is of a hat type.10.An actuator (10) comprising:the speed reducer (20) according to any one of preceding claims; anda motor (4) coupled to the hollow input shaft (1) .11.The actuator of claim 10 wherein the motor (4) comprises:a hollow motor shaft (40) ; anda motor rotor (41) integrated with the hollow motor shaft (1) ;wherein the hollow motor shaft (40) is secured to the hollow input shaft (1) .12.The actuator of claim 11 wherein the hollow motor shaft (40) has a first inner surface (401) at a first end and a second inner surface (402) at a second end, the first inner surface (401) has a reduced inner diameter than the second inner surface (402) ; andwherein the first inner surface (401) of the hollow motor shaft (40) is interfaced with an outer surface of the hollow input shaft (1) , such that the second inner surface (402) of the hollow motor shaft (40) is flush with an inner surface of the hollow input shaft (1) .13.The actuator of claim 10 wherein the motor further comprises:a stator housing (43) secured to the brake housing (31) ;a motor stator (42) mounted onto the stator housing (43) and surrounding the motor rotor (41) .14.The actuator of claim 14 further comprising:a positon sensor (5) arranged between the motor stator (42) and the electromagnetic brake (3) .15.The actuator of claim 14 wherein the positon sensor (5) comprises:a sensor stator (53) mounted onto the stator housing (43) ; anda sensor rotor (52) secured onto the hollow input shaft (1) or the hollow motor shaft (40) .16.A robot comprising:the speed reducer according to any one of claims 1-9; orthe actuator according to any one of claims 10-15.
Citation Information
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