Production of modified polysaccharides and applications thereof
A modified polysaccharide with controlled substitution and carboxylate groups addresses biodegradability and shine issues, offering enhanced performance and environmental benefits.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- SPECIALTY OPERATIONS FRANCE
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-01
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-07
AI Technical Summary
Existing biodegradable polysaccharides used for complexation and shine in home care and industrial applications suffer from poor biodegradability and high degrees of substitution, leading to environmental accumulation and reduced efficiency.
A modified polysaccharide produced by reacting polysaccharides with maleic anhydride and mercaptosuccinic acid to introduce carboxylate groups, achieving a specific degree of substitution (DS) of 0.1 to 1.0, enhancing biodegradability and complexation performance.
The modified polysaccharide exhibits improved biodegradability and shine performance, with complete hydrolysis of ester linking groups under basic conditions, generating biodegradable by-products and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Smart Images

Figure PCTCN2024129202-FTAPPB-I100001 
Figure PCTCN2024129202-FTAPPB-I100002 
Figure PCTCN2024129202-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
PRODUCTION OF MODIFIED POLYSACCHARIDES AND APPLICATIONS THEREOFTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The invention relates to modified polysaccharides and a production process thereof having improved biodegradability and excellent performance properties, such as complexation / shining ability, for home care and industrial applications.
[0002] TECHNICAL BACKGROUND
[0003] Incrustation of minerals is a problem in daily life. The deposition of certain minerals such as CaCO3, MgCO3, and CaSO4·2H2O in industrial facilities and household devices, leads to reduced efficiency or severe damage.
[0004] Materials having complexing ions properties can be used as a way to overcome or reduce incrustation problems. For example, a linear synthetic copolymer containing acrylic acid (AA) and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) , known as Poly (AA-co-AMPS) , is commonly used in compositions with the aim of complexing ions.
[0005] However, one problem of Poly (AA-co-AMPS) is its poor biodegradability, which makes their use in industrial or in home care products problematic.
[0006] There is an emerging interest in the use of biodegradable alternatives to replace non-biodegradable products providing improved product environmental and sustainability profiles.
[0007] Polycarboxylates are compounds able to complex ions and, therefore, are often used in cleaning formulations.
[0008] The patent application WO2023 / 117602 describes a grafted polymer comprising a polysaccharide base polymer, to which is grafted side chains of at least one water soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer, such unsaturated monomer comprising at least one sodium carboxylate unit.
[0009] However, such grafted polymers, which contain acrylates as monomers, are not sustainable because they accumulate in the environment.
[0010] The patent application WO2023 / 111170 describes a polysaccharide backbone functionalized with carboxylic acid groups, and sulfur-containing groups or their salts or esters and their use in dishwashing due to its complexation properties. These functionalized polysaccharides exhibit optimized shine efficiency when their degree of substitution is at least 1.4.
[0011] However, it is known that high the degrees of substitution result in poor biodegradability.
[0012] There remains a need for the development of novel modified polysaccharides produced using a simple process able to deliver appropriate degree of substitution (DS) and having excellent complexation performance, with the additional advantages of having enhanced biodegradability and shine ability.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0013] In a first object of the present invention, it is provided a modified polysaccharide of formula I
[0014] wherein
[0015] RO is derived from a polysaccharide,
[0016] R1, R2 and R3, which are identical or different at each occurrence, are H, methyl or COOR4 with R4 being selected from H, alkyl or a positive charged ion selected from Na+, K+, Li+ or NH4+, and
[0017] X is S, O or N.
[0018] Preferably, the polysaccharide is derived from a galactomannan or derivatives thereof, preferably derived from guar.
[0019] In a second object of the invention, it is provided a production process for producing the modified polysaccharide, wherein in a first step a polysaccharide reacts directly with maleic anhydride to obtain the intermediate polysaccharide ester maleate and in a second step the polysaccharide ester maleate reacts with mercaptosuccinic acid or mercapto propionic acid to obtain the modified polysaccharide of formula I having at least two carboxylate groups.
[0020] The obtained modified polysaccharide exhibits a high diversity with the possibility to combine different natures of polysaccharides, in particular different natures of guars or derivatised guars (native guars, cationic guars, carboxyalkyl guars e.g. carboxymethyl guar (CMG) , hydroxyalkyl guar e.g. hydroxypropyl guar (HPG) , carboxyalkyl hydroxyalkyl guars e.g. carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl guar (CMHPG) , etc. ) with different anionic agents having two or more carboxylate groups.
[0021] In a third object of the invention, it is provided a home care or industrial composition comprising the modified polysaccharide.
[0022] In particular, the home care or industrial composition can be a cleaning composition.
[0023] It has been surprisingly found that a modified polysaccharide having a particular degree of substitution (DS) according to the invention demonstrated not only excellent complexation / sequestering performance, but also improved biodegradability profile. Additionally, when a modified polysaccharide according to the invention is used in a dishwashing cycle at a basic pH and high temperature, its ester linking group is completely hydrolysed, generating two readily biodegradable by-products.
[0024] The new approach affords novel eco-designed products yielding performance and biodegradability.
[0025] In a fourth aspect of the present invention, it is provided the use of the modified polysaccharide as a shine agent.
[0026] In a fifth aspect of the invention, it is provided a biodegradable product comprising a modified polysaccharide as defined above, wherein the product decreases greenhouse gases emission.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0027] Before the issues of the invention are described in detail, the following should be considered:
[0028] As used herein, the singular forms "a" , "an" , and "the" include both singular and plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. By way of example, "a compound" means one compound or more than one compound.
[0029] The terms "comprising" , "comprises" and "comprised of" as used herein are synonymous with "including" , "includes" or "containing" , "contains" , and are inclusive or open-ended and do not exclude additional, non-recited members, elements or method steps. It will be appreciated that the terms "comprising" , "comprises" and "comprised of" as used herein comprise the terms "consisting of" , "consists" and "consists of" .
[0030] Throughout this application, the term "about" is used to indicate that a value includes the standard deviation of error for the device or method being employed to determine the value.
[0031] As used herein, the term " average" refers to number average unless indicated otherwise.
[0032] As used herein, the terms " %by weight" , " wt. -%" , " weight percentage" , or "percentage by weight" , and the terms " %by volume" , " vol. -%" , " volume percentage" , or " percentage by volume" , are used interchangeably.
[0033] The recitation of numerical ranges by end points includes all integer numbers and, where appropriate, fractions subsumed within that range (e.g. 1 to 5 can include 1, 2, 3, 4 when referring to, for example, a number of elements, and can also include 1.5, 2, 2.75 and 3.80, when referring to, for example, measurements) . The recitation of end points also includes the end point values themselves (e.g. from 1.0 to 5.0 includes both 1.0 and 5.0) . Any numerical range recited herein is intended to include all sub-ranges subsumed therein.
[0034] As used herein, the “shine performance” is achieved by complexation functionality of polymers / sequestering ions ability of polymers of the invention.
[0035] The terms “modified” , " functionalized" and " grafted" as used herein are interchangeable.
[0036] The term carboxylate group as used herein refers to “COO-” .
[0037] Preferably, the modified / functionalized / grafted polysaccharide according to the invention is an anionic polysaccharide.
[0038] Should the disclosure of any patents, patent applications, and publications which are incorporated herein by reference conflict with the description of the present application to the extent that it may render a term unclear, the present description shall take precedence.
[0039] Unless otherwise defined, all terms used in disclosing the invention, including technical and scientific terms, have the meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. By means of further guidance, term definitions are included to better appreciate the teaching of the present invention.
[0040] In the following passages, different alternatives, embodiments and variants of the invention are defined in more detail. Each alternative and embodiment so defined may be combined with any other alternative and embodiment, and this for each variant unless clearly indicated to the contrary or clearly incompatible when the value range of a same parameter is disjoined. In particular, any feature indicated as being preferred or advantageous may be combined with any other feature or features indicated as being preferred or advantageous.
[0041] Furthermore, the particular features, structures or characteristics described in the present description may be combined in any suitable manner, as would be apparent to a person skilled in the art from this disclosure, in one or more embodiments. Furthermore, while some embodiments described herein include some but not other features included in other embodiments, combinations of features of different embodiments are meant to be within the scope of the invention, and form different embodiments, as would be understood by those in the art.
[0042] The present invention refers to a modified polysaccharide of formula I:
[0043] wherein
[0044] RO is derived from a polysaccharide,
[0045] R1, R2 and R3, which are identical or different at each occurrence, are H, methyl or COOR4 with R4 being selected from H, alkyl or a positive charged ion selected from Na+, K+, Li+ or NH4+, and
[0046] X is S, O or N.
[0047] The modified polysaccharide of the invention has improved functionality, biodegradability and shine ability. Furthermore, the modified polysaccharide has an appropriate degree of substitution (DS) capable of demonstrating optimized ion complexation ability.
[0048] In one embodiment of the invention, the polysaccharide that is modified is a polysaccharide and derivatives thereof selected from the group consisting of galactomannan, glucomannan, agar, dextran, polyglucose, polyaminoglycan, xanthan polymers, hemicelluloses (xyloglycans, xyloglucans, mannoglycans and mixed-linkage β-glucans) , pectins (D-galacturonan) , starch and cellulose. Preferably, the polysaccharide is a galactomannan and derivatives thereof.
[0049] Galactomannans are polysaccharides composed principally of galactose and mannose units, wherein the mannose units are linked in a 1-4-β-glycosidic linkage and the galactose branching takes place by means of a 1-6-α-linkage to mannose units. The galactomannans are usually found in the endosperm of leguminous seeds such as guar, locust bean, honey locust, flame tree and the like.
[0050] In a more preferred embodiment of the invention, the galactomannan and derivatives thereof is selected from the group consisting of fenugreek gum, mesquite gum, guar gum, tara gum, locust bean gum, cassia gum, daincha gum, konjac gum and their derivatives such as hydroxyalkyl guar, carboxyalkyl guar, carboxyalkyl hydroxyalkyl guar, cationic guar, hydrophobically modified guar, hydrophobically modified hydroxyalkyl guar, hydrophobically modified carboxyalkyl guar, hydrophobically modified carboxyalkyl hydroxyalkyl guar, and mixtures thereof. Most preferably, the polysaccharide is a guar or a guar derivative. The terms “polysaccharide” , “galactomannan” and “guar” as used herein also refers to their derivatives as for example listed above.
[0051] According to the invention, the substituents R1, R2 and R3 of the functionalized polysaccharide of formula I are identical or different at each occurrence and are H, methyl or COOR4 with R4 being selected from H, alkyl or a positive charged ion selected from Na+, K+, Li+ or NH4+. More preferably, R1, R2 and R3 are identical and comprise COOR4, with R4 being H or a positive charged ion selected from Na+ or K+.
[0052] In an alternative preferred embodiment, R1 is COOR4, with R4 being H or a positive charged ion selected from Na+ or K+ and R2 and R3 are different from each other and comprise H or COOR4, with R4 being H or a positive charged ion chosen from Na+ or K+.
[0053] Furthermore, according to the invention, the substituent X is S, O or N. More preferably, X is S.
[0054] Furthermore, the degree of substitution (DS) of the modified polysaccharide according to the invention ranges between 0.1 to 1.0, preferably from 0.3 to 0.6.
[0055] In a more preferred embodiment, the DS is around 0.5.
[0056] The term " degree of substitution" or " substitution degree" (DS) , as used herein, refers to the level of substitution for polysaccharides, means the average amount of hydroxyl groups on polysaccharides that are substituted by or functionalized with the target functional group for single sugar unit. The DS of the polysaccharide is determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy.
[0057] The average molecular weight (Mw) of the modified polysaccharide is of at least about 1500 g / mol. The modified polysaccharide of the present invention can also generally have an average molecular weight (Mw) up to about 1,000,000 g / mol, preferably up to about 50,000 g / mol.
[0058] In a preferred embodiment, the modified polysaccharide of the invention may have an average molecular weight (Mw) higher than about 5,000 g / mol and more preferably higher than 10,000 g / mol.
[0059] In still another preferred embodiment, the average molecular weight of the modified polysaccharide is lower than about 500,000 g / mol more preferably lower than 50,000 g / mol.
[0060] According to a particular preferred embodiment, the average molecular weight of said modified polysaccharide is comprised from 1500 g / mol to about 50,000 g / mol.
[0061] By the expression “average molecular weight” of the modified polysaccharide of the invention, it is meant the weight average molecular mass of said modified polysaccharide.
[0062] The number and weight average molecular weights are measured by Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) . Notably the SEC is equipped with a MultiAngle Laser Light Scattering (MALLS) Mini Dawn TREOS detector and an Agilent concentration detector (RI detector) . The SEC-MALLS system is running on three columns Varian Aquagel OH mixed H, 8 μm, 3*30 cm at a flow rate of 1 mL / min and with the following mobile phase: 100 %water, 100mM NaCl, 25mM NaH2PO4, 25mM Na2HPO4, 100 ppm NaN3. The system is calibrated using a 50 kDa polyethylene glycol standard. Polymer samples were diluted down to 0.5 active wt%in the mobile phase for at least 4 hours then filtered in a Millipore filter 0.45 μm and 100 μL were injected in the mobile phase flow. Absolute molar masses were obtained with the dn / dC currently used for the guars equal to 0.150 mL / g.
[0063] The modified polysaccharide of the invention can be obtained in two steps, wherein in a first step a polysaccharide as defined above reacts directly with the maleic anhydride to obtain the intermediate polysaccharide ester maleate and in a second step the polysaccharide ester maleate reacts with 3-mercaptopropionic acid or mercaptosuccinic acid to obtain the modified polysaccharide of formula I having at least two carboxylate groups.
[0064] Without being bound by any theory, it is assumed that the incorporation of an intermediate cleavable linker in the polysaccharide backbone results in an easier release of the low molecular weight functionalized moieties that favours biodegradability of the polysaccharide and the grafted group.
[0065] According to the invention, in a first process step, the polysaccharide, as defined above, reacts directly with the maleic anhydride.
[0066] In order to increase the yield of esterification of the polysaccharide, an anhydride is used as raw material, instead of an acid, to avoid the need of deprotonation of the polysaccharide during the esterification. Preferably, the esterification is conducted in anhydrous conditions to avoid contact with water.
[0067] The anhydrous conditions used during the esterification may include homogeneous or heterogeneous media using either no solvent or organic solvents. Preferably organic solvents may be chosen between acetone, dimethyl sulfoxide, formamide and dimethylacetamide. Additionally, the esterification may be performed in the presence of inorganic salts, for instance LiCl. Reaction conditions may include the use of inorganic or organic bases, sonication, microwave-assisted heating or conventional heating.
[0068] Particularly, the polysaccharide is not swollen before esterification reaction. Alternatively, the polysaccharide can be submitted to a swelling before the esterification reaction.
[0069] In an embodiment, the anhydride used during esterification may be selected from maleic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, succinic anhydride, acetic anhydride, citric anhydride, pyromellitic dianhydride, succinic anhydrides, octenylsuccinic anhydride, S-acetylmercaptosuccinic anhydride, glutaric anhydride, adipic anhydride, glycolic anhydride, itaconic anhydride, citraconic anhydride, dimethylmaleic anhydride, cis-aconitic anhydride, 2- (2’ -carboxyethyl) maleic anhydride, 1-methyl-2- (2’ -carboxyethyl) maleic anhydride. Preferably, the anhydride used during esterification is maleic anhydride.
[0070] The inventors of the invention found that the use of an anhydride during the esterification process results in an efficient functionalization of the polysaccharide ester maleate. The functionalization efficiency, also called DS efficiency, is defined as DSreal / DStheoretical.
[0071] The esterification is preferably carried out at a temperature of 10 to 100 ℃, more preferably at a temperature of 50 to 90 ℃, even more preferably at a temperature of 60 to 75 ℃.
[0072] The esterification reaction is preferably carried out for a duration of at least 0.5 hours. The reaction is generally left for 24 hours to achieve high degree of functionalization. According to the invention, the esterification reaction is carried out preferably for a duration of 4 to 48 hours, more preferably of 24 hours.
[0073] Afterwards, the obtained polysaccharide ester maleate may react with a thiol derivative having a carboxylic acid function (i.e. functionalization agent) to promote an additional functionalization of the polysaccharide of formula I having at least two carboxylate groups. Particularly, the thiol derivative may have one or more carboxylate groups. Suitable thiol derivatives to be used according to the inventions include mercaptosuccinic acid, 3-mercaptopropionic acid, 2-mercaptopropanoic acid, mercaptoacetic acid, 2-mercaptoethane sulfonic acid, 3-mercapto-1-propane sulfonic acid, 3-mercaptopyruvic acid, sodium 3-mercapto-2-oxopentanoate, mercaptobenzoic acid, dihydrolipoic acid, 3-mercapto-2-methylpropanoic acid, 2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid.
[0074] In a preferred embodiment, the obtained polysaccharide ester maleate reacts with mercaptosuccinic acid or mercaptopropionic acid to obtain the modified polysaccharide of formula I having at least two carboxylate groups.
[0075] The inventors have found that by modifying the polysaccharide according to the invention with at least two carboxylate groups and having appropriate DS, around 0.5, an excellent and improved performance was demonstrated, compared to the Poly (AA-co-AMPS) , with the additional advantage of having improved biodegradability. Preferably, the modified polysaccharide has two or three carboxylate groups.
[0076] Afterwards, the thiol derivative is added to the reaction mixture. It is preferred that the thiol derivative compound is added all at once to the reaction mixture to start the reaction, which is a so-called Michael addition. Such a type of reaction is for example described by Chen, J. et al. Polymers, 2021, volume 13, issue 12, page 1905. In said document, a polysaccharide conjugate is synthesized from a polysaccharide bearing α, β-unsaturated esters produced by methacrylation and thiol compounds.
[0077] The Michael addition reaction is carried out in the same pot as the esterification reaction or separately. If the Michael addition reaction is carried out in the same pot, a sufficient mechanical stirring is necessary in order to avoid gelation of the reaction mixture.
[0078] It is preferred that the molar ratio of the functionalization agent to the maleate groups carried by the polysaccharide is between 0.05 and 3 mol / mol, preferably between 0.10 and 2.0 mol / mol, more preferably between 0.15 and 1.0 mol / mol.
[0079] The Michael addition is preferably carried out in the absence of a catalyst, in solution in water at a pH around 5.5 and at room temperature (i.e. around 20 to 25℃) in order to avoid ester function hydrolysis. Additionally, it is preferred that the reaction is carried out for a duration of at least 8 hours, preferably of at least 10 or 15 hours, more preferably the reaction is carried out for a duration of 8 to 24 hours depending on the yield to be achieved. It is particularly preferred that the reaction is carried out for at least 8 hours to get the right compromise of a DS efficiency, in particular an appropriate DS around 0.5.
[0080] The obtained solid product, i.e. the modified polysaccharide is precipitated and then washed to remove undesired salts, side products and unreacted reagents from the product. The precipitation and the washing step are preferably carried out with acetone preferably at a ratio of acetone to water of (90 to 95) to (10 to 5) vol. %(v / v) .
[0081] The inventors of the invention observed that the average molecular weight of the obtained functionalized polysaccharide can be conserved during the Michael addition reaction.
[0082] The modified polysaccharides of the invention can be used in home care and industrial applications, for example as a shine agent.
[0083] Home care composition shall include general household cleaning products for example, toilet bowl cleaners, laundry detergents, fabric softeners, dishwashing liquid, automatic dishwasher liquids, powders and tablets, bathroom cleaner and surface cleaner.
[0084] Industrial cleaning compositions shall include a variety of cleaning products, for example, machinery cleaners, surface cleaners, and equipment cleaners.
[0085] These compositions may also comprise aesthetic modifiers, conditioning agents, rheology modifiers, film-formers, chelates, emulsifiers, moisturizers, emollients, surfactants (such as anionic, cationic, nonionic, amphoteric, zwitterionic surfactants, or combinations thereof) , propellants, stabilizers, preservatives, cleansing and suspending / gelling agents, and active ingredients.
[0086] The modified polysaccharide of the invention can be used as a biodegradable product able to decrease greenhouse gases emission.
[0087] Throughout the description, including the claims, all process terms should be understood as being synonymous with the term method.
[0088] The following examples are included to illustrate embodiments of the invention, but are not limited to described examples.
[0089] Examples
[0090] All starting materials used in the examples are commercially available.
[0091] Reaction yields and DS calculations are performed by 1H NMR in D2O using a Bruker Avance 400 MHz spectrometer. All measurements are performed in the presence of TMSPA (3- (trimethylsilyl) propionic acid-2, 2, 3, 3-d4 sodium salt) as internal standard.
[0092] Biodegradability tests are carried out in accordance with OECD 302B standards. The intrinsic biodegradability of the material is determined by measuring the chemical oxygen demand (COD) . The test is carried out over 28 days, with a sludge concentration of 500 mg / L and a sample concentration of 500 mg / L. Inulin is used as a reference in the tests. To pass the test, the substance must achieve a biodegradability ≥ 70% (inherently ultimately biodegradable) . Between 20-70%the product is considered inherently primary biodegradable. If biodegradability is ≤ 20%, the substance is not inherently biodegradable.
[0093] Part I: Synthesis of intermediate guar-ester maleate and guar di-and tri-COOH
[0094] Example 1: Synthesis of guar-ester maleate mono-COOH -Polymer P1
[0095] In a 100 mL three necked round-bottom flask is introduced 8.83 g (90.0 mmol) of maleic anhydride and 24.56 g of acetone and the contents are submitted to stirring. Once the maleic anhydride solubilized, 17 g (87.3 mmol of sugar units) of depolymerized guar (Jaguar S) 25 kDa (86%purity) are charged under stirring then the acetone is evaporated using a rotavapor at 25℃ and under reduced pressure. The round bottom flask is then fitted with adequate stirring and immersed in an oil bath thermostated at 70℃. The reaction mixture is maintained for 48 hours at 70℃. For purification, the temperature is first decreased to 40℃ and then the product is dispersed in 120 g of acetone. After 2 hours stirring at 40℃, the solid is filtered under vacuum. This purification procedure is repeated twice and, the product intermediate guar-ester mono-COOH (Polymer P1) , is dried in an oven at 35℃ for 2 days obtaining 13 g of an off-white solid at a solid content of 87.5%. A DS equal to 0.36 is found for the Polymer P1 by 1H NMR.
[0096] Example 2: Synthesis of guar-ester maleate mono-COOH -Polymer P2
[0097] In a 250 mL three necked round-bottom flask is introduced 9.07 g (92.5 mmol) of maleic anhydride at room temperature fitted with adequate stirring, inlets and temperature control devices. The round bottom flask is then immersed in an oil bath thermostated at 75℃. Once the maleic anhydride has melted, 10.5 g (53.9 mmol of sugar units) of depolymerized guar (Jaguar S) 25 kDa (86%purity) is added. The reaction mixture is maintained at 75℃ for 24 hours, then cooled down to 35℃ and dispersed with 110 g of acetone. After vacuum filtration, the recovered off-white solid is re-dissolved in water at approximately 20 wt%and neutralized to a pH of around 5.0 using a 30 wt%sodium hydroxide solution. The product is then precipitated by dropwise addition into 320 g of acetone and recovered by vacuum filtration. The intermediate product, guar-ester mono-COOH (Polymer P2) , is finally dried in an oven at 35℃ for 2 days, yielding 10.2 g of an off-white solid with a solid content of 87.5%. A degree of substitution (DS) of 0.76 is determined for Polymer P2 by 1H NMR.
[0098] Example 3: Synthesis of guar-ester maleate mono-COOH -Polymer P3
[0099] In a 1.5-liter double-jacketed reactor is introduced 98.06 g (1.0 mol) of maleic anhydride at room temperature. The reactor is equipped with adequate stirring, inlets, and temperature control devices to ensure optimal reaction conditions. The temperature of the double jacket is then set to reach 65℃. Once the maleic anhydride has melted, 113 g of powdered guar (0.58 mol of sugar units) of depolymerized guar (Jaguar S) 25 kDa (86%purity) is added under stirring. After the addition, the temperature of the double jacket is set to 75℃. The reaction mixture is maintained at 75℃ for 24 hours, then cooled down to 35℃ and dispersed with 700 g of acetone. After vacuum filtration, the recovered off-white solid is re-dispersed in 600 g of acetone, stirred for 1.5 hours, and then filtered again. The recovered product is then dissolved in water at approximately 20 wt%and neutralized to a pH of around 6.2 using 15.5 g of a 30 wt%sodium hydroxide solution. The product is then precipitated by dropwise addition into 1 L of acetone and recovered by vacuum filtration. The intermediate product, guar-ester mono-COOH (Polymer P3) , is finally dried in an oven at 35℃ for 2 days, yielding 95.7 g of an off-white solid with a solid content of 87.7%. A degree of substitution (DS) of 0.26 is determined for Polymer P3 by 1H NMR.
[0100] Example 4: Synthesis of guar-ester di-COOH -Polymer P4
[0101] In a 100 mL double-necked round-bottom flask equipped with mechanical stirring, 10 g (18.3 mmol of double bonds; DS = 0.36) of guar-ester maleate Polymer P1 and 38.5 g of deionized water are introduced. After complete dissolution of Polymer P1, 1.6 g (15.2 mmol) of mercapto propionic acid is added, and the reaction mixture is stirred for 24 hours at room temperature. Upon completion of the reaction, the product is precipitated dropwise into a 1 L beaker containing 300 g of acetone under magnetic stirring. The product is then filtered under vacuum and further washed with 2 x 100 g of acetone. After drying at 35℃ for 2 days in an oven at atmospheric pressure, 6.8 g of a white solid is recovered with a solid content of 94.1%. A degree of substitution (DS) of 0.29 is determined for Polymer P4 by 1H NMR. Polymer P4 exhibits approximately 57%biodegradability after 28 days and is considered inherently primarily biodegradable as a guar ester di-COOH.
[0102] Example 5: Synthesis of guar-ester di-COOH -Polymer P5
[0103] In a 250 mL double-necked round-bottom flask equipped with mechanical stirring, 15 g of guar-ester maleate Polymer P2 (43 mmol of maleate units; 89.5 wt%purity) and 66.13 g of deionized water are introduced. After complete dissolution of Polymer P2, 3.5 g (33 mmol) of mercapto propionic acid is added, and the reaction mixture is stirred for 24 hours at room temperature. After 24 hours, an additional 1 g (9 mmol) of mercapto propionic acid is added, and the reaction is left to stir for a further 24 hours. Upon completion of the reaction, the product is precipitated dropwise into a 500 mL beaker containing 300 g of acetone under magnetic stirring. The product is then filtered under vacuum and further washed with 2 x 100 g of acetone. After drying at 30℃ for 2 days in an oven at atmospheric pressure, a white solid is recovered with a solid content of approximately 92%. A degree of substitution (DS) of 0.75 is determined for Polymer P5 by 1H NMR. Polymer P5 exhibits approximately 36%biodegradability after 28 days and is considered inherently primarily biodegradable as a guar ester di-COOH.
[0104] Example 6: Synthesis of guar-ester tri-COOH -Polymer P6
[0105] In a 100 mL double-necked round-bottom flask equipped with mechanical stirring, 15 g of guar-ester maleate Polymer P3 (18 mmol of maleate units; 87.7 wt%purity) and 30.2 g of deionized water are introduced. After complete dissolution of the guar-ester maleate, 32.5 g (14.8 mmol) of a 7 wt%aqueous solution of mercapto succinic acid (97 wt%purity) is added, and the reaction mixture is stirred for 24 hours at room temperature. Upon completion of the reaction, the product is precipitated dropwise into a 500 mL beaker containing 400 g of acetone under magnetic stirring. The product is then filtered under vacuum and further washed with 2 x 100 g of acetone. After drying at 30℃ for 2 days in an oven at atmospheric pressure, a white solid is recovered with a solid content of 93%. A degree of substitution (DS) of 0.22 is determined for Polymer P6 by 1H NMR. Polymer P6 exhibits approximately 72%biodegradability after 28 days and is considered inherently ultimately biodegradable as a guar ester tri-COOH.
[0106] Example 7: Synthesis of guar-ester tri-COOH -Polymer P7
[0107] In a 100 mL double-necked round-bottom flask equipped with mechanical stirring, 7.6 g of guar-ester maleate Polymer P2 (22 mmol of maleate units; 89.5 wt%purity) and 17.8 g of deionized water are introduced. After complete dissolution of the guar-ester maleate, 20 g (14.4 mmol) of an 11 wt%aqueous solution of mercapto succinic acid (97 wt%purity) is added, and the reaction mixture is stirred for 24 hours at room temperature. Upon completion of the reaction, the product is precipitated dropwise into a 500 mL beaker containing 200 g of acetone under magnetic stirring. The product is then filtered under vacuum and further washed with 2 x 100 g of acetone. After drying at 30℃ for 2 days in an oven at atmospheric pressure, 8.5 g of a white solid is recovered with a solid content of 90.6%. A degree of substitution (DS) of 0.59 is determined for Polymer P7 by 1H NMR. Polymer P7 exhibits approximately 26%biodegradability after 28 days and is considered inherently primarily biodegradable as a guar ester tri-COOH.
[0108] The DS and biodegradability reached for above examples are summarized on Table 1.
[0109] Table 1: DS, %biodegradability and application results for different modified guar-esters
[0110] Part II: Biodegradability of Poly (AA-co-AMPS)
[0111] Example 8: Biodegradability result for Poly (AA-co-AMPS) The biodegradability of the benchmark Poly (AA-co-AMPS) was carried out in accordance with OECD 302B standards according to the same procedure used for guar-ester di-COOH and guar-ester tri-COOH.
[0112] The biodegradability of the Poly (AA-co-AMPS) expressed by chemical oxygen demand (COD) is 0%after 28 days. The Poly (AA-co-AMPS) is considered as not inherently biodegradable.
[0113] According to the examples, an improved biodegradability result is demonstrated for Polymers P4, P5, P6 and P7, when compared to the poor biodegradability of Poly (AA-co-AMPS) , which corresponds to a benchmark compound used in similar applications of home care and industrial compositions.
[0114] Part III: Shine performance
[0115] Example 9: Shine Test
[0116] The shine performance of inventive polymers (Polymer P4, P5, P6, or P7) is performed according to the procedure below and using a detergent formulation prepared according to Table 2. All the components are commercially available.
[0117] Table 2: Detergent formulations
[0118] The detergent formulations are employed as washers and rinsers in dishwashers by introducing it into the compartment in the machine that is provided for this purpose.
[0119] A 16 g of detergent formulation containing 7%of test polymers P4, P5, P6, and P7 are employed in this way.
[0120] The tests are carried out on 6 glasses disposed in a regular fashion in the machine. Into the dishwasher it is introduced 50 g of soiling.
[0121] The soiling used is a mixture of water (76.7%) , margarine (10%) , milk (5%) , ketchup (2.5%) , mustard (2.5%) , instant gravy (2.5%) , potato starch (0.5%) and egg yolk (0.3%) .
[0122] Two successive cycles with the Miele G ECO50 standard program for 3h45min and 375 ppm hard water are carried out under identical conditions.
[0123] When dry, the glasses are evaluated (on criteria of spotting and filming) by scores of between 0 and 10 according to the following scales:
[0124] Filming notation scale:
[0125] 1-Heavy, thick and opaque film
[0126] 2-Opaque film
[0127] 3-Opaque film by location
[0128] 4-Significant film
[0129] 5-Moderate film
[0130] 6-Slight film
[0131] 7-Very slight film
[0132] 8-Uniform barely perceptible film
[0133] 9-Barely perceptible film by location
[0134] 10-Perfectly clear
[0135] Spotting notation scale:
[0136] 1-Fully covered by marked spots
[0137] 2-Fully covered by slightly marked spots
[0138] 3-10-25 spots: most are marked
[0139] 4-10-25 spots: most are slightly marked
[0140] 5-5-10 spots: most are marked
[0141] 6-5-10 spots: most are slightly marked
[0142] 7-<5 market spots
[0143] 8-<5 slightly marked spots
[0144] 9-≤ 2 spots
[0145] 10-No spots
[0146] According to the scales, the results of shine performance for polymers P4, P5, P6 and P7 are described in Table 3:
[0147] Table 3: Shine performance of inventive polymers and the benchmark
[0148] As demonstrated, the shine performance of inventive polymers P5 and P6 are inferior to the performance of comparative compound P (AA-co-AMPS) , with P4 and P7 demonstrating significantly better results on shine performance compared to the P (AA-co-AMPS) .
[0149] Therefore, surprisingly it has been found that a modified polysaccharide having a particular degree of substitution (DS) , notably a DS around 0.5, and at least two carbolylate groups demonstrated not only improved shine performance, but also improved biodegradability profile.
Claims
1.A modified polysaccharide of formula I whereinRO is derived from a polysaccharide,R1, R2 and R3, which are identical or different at each occurrence, are H, methyl or COOR4 with R4 being selected from H, alkyl or a positive charged ion selected from Na+, K+, Li+ or NH4+, andX is S, O or N.2.Modified polysaccharide of formula I according to claim 1, wherein RO is derived from a galactomannan or derivatives thereof.3.Modified polysaccharide of formula I according to claim 1 or 2, wherein R1, R2 and R3 are identical and comprise COOR4, with R4 being H or a positive charged ion selected from Na+ or K+ and X is S.4.Modified polysaccharide of formula I according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein R1 is COOR4, with R4 being H or a positive charged ion selected from Na+ or K+ and R2 and R3 are different from each other and comprise H or COOR4, with R4 being H or a positive charged ion chosen from Na+or K+ and X is S.5.Modified polysaccharide according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said modified polysaccharide of formula I exhibits a DS for substituent groups ranging from 0.1 to 1.0, preferably from 0.3 to 0.6.6.Modified polysaccharide according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said modified polysaccharide of formula I has an average molecular weight in a range of 5,000 to 500,000 g / mol, preferably in the range of 10,000 to 50,000 g / mol.7.A process for producing a modified polysaccharide of formula I as defined in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein in a first step a polysaccharide reacts directly with the maleic anhydride to obtain the intermediate polysaccharide ester maleate and in a second step the polysaccharide ester maleate reacts with mercaptosuccinic acid or mercapto propionic acid to obtain the modified polysaccharide of formula I having at least two carboxylate groups.8.Process according to claim 7, wherein the polysaccharide ester maleate reacts with mercaptosuccinic acid or mercapto propionic acid to obtain the modified polysaccharide of formula I having at least two carboxylate groups.9.A home care or industrial composition comprising at least a modified polysaccharide of formula (I) according to anyone of claim 1 to 6.10.Home care or industrial composition according to claim 9 wherein it is a cleaning composition.11.Use of a modified polysaccharide of formula (I) according to anyone of claim 1 to 6 as a shine agent.12.A biodegradable product comprising a modified polysaccharide as defined in any of the claims 1 to 6, wherein the product decreases greenhouse gases emission.