Polymetallic low grade tin ore beneficiation process

Abstract

A polymetallic low-grade tin ore beneficiation process, comprising the following steps: 1) grinding; 2) classification; 3) magnetic separation: a first middling, a second rough concentrate, and a second middling are combined for wet magnetic separation to obtain magnetic tailings and a magnetic concentrate, a flotation agent is added to the magnetic tailings for conditioning, then flotation is performed to obtain a flotation concentrate and flotation tailings, and the flotation tailings are thickened, ground, and returned to a first-stage shaking table for re-beneficiation; 4) bulk flotation of sulfide minerals; and 5) re-beneficiation of a tin concentrate using a shaking table.

Description

A polymetallic low-grade tin ore beneficiation process Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ore beneficiation technology, and in particular to a beneficiation process for polymetallic low-grade tin ore. Background Technology

[0002] my country possesses abundant mineral resources, a significant proportion of which are low-grade polymetallic ores. However, due to a lack of efficient processing technologies, these resources have not been extensively developed and utilized, resulting in substantial waste. In some mining areas of my country, there are abundant surface reserves of low-grade polymetallic ores containing valuable metals such as tin. The low content and intermingling of various metals in these ores make them complex and difficult to beneficiate, hindering effective development and utilization.

[0003] Tin is a metallic element, an inorganic compound. Common white tin is a low-melting-point metal with a silvery-white luster. In compounds, it is divalent or tetravalent and does not oxidize in air at room temperature. In nature, it mainly exists in the form of oxides (cassiterite) and various sulfides (such as staurolite). Low-grade tin ore refers to ore with a low tin content. Currently, tin ore beneficiation mainly uses methods such as gravity separation, flotation, and magnetic separation. Gravity separation separates valuable ore and impurities based on density differences through physical methods such as gravity separation, centrifugal separation, and sieving. It is simple to operate and has simple equipment, but its separation effect is poor for fine-grained and complex ores. Flotation utilizes the different hydrophilicities of ore and flotation reagents in water, using bubble adsorption to rise ore particles to the water surface, thus separating ore from impurities. It can be applied to the separation of fine-grained and complex ores, but the selection and control of flotation reagents are crucial. Magnetic separation utilizes the magnetic differences between magnetic and non-magnetic minerals in the ore, using magnetic materials to separate magnetic minerals. It is simple to operate and convenient, but its separation effect for non-magnetic minerals is poor. Combining magnetic separation and flotation can leverage their respective strengths to achieve better beneficiation results. By combining the two, the beneficiation efficiency and recovery rate of tin ore can be improved, achieving better ore separation and resource utilization.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a polymetallic low-grade tin ore beneficiation process to solve the above problems.

[0005] Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a beneficiation process for polymetallic low-grade tin ore.

[0007] The solution of the present invention is:

[0008] A beneficiation process for polymetallic low-grade tin ore includes the following steps:

[0009] 1) Grinding: crush and ball mill the low-grade polymetallic ore to a thickness of 0.074 mm to achieve a purity of over 70%;

[0010] 2) Classification: After grinding, the ore is classified according to its particle size and sent to a first-stage shaking table gravity separation to obtain mixed rough concentrate, middlings 1, and tailings 1; then a second-stage shaking table gravity separation is performed, and the tailings from the first-stage shaking table gravity separation are concentrated and classified, and then sent to a second-stage shaking table gravity separation to obtain rough concentrate 2, middlings 2, and tailings 2.

[0011] 3) Magnetic separation: The middlings 1 and rough concentrate 2 are combined and separated by wet magnetic separation to obtain magnetic tailings and magnetic ore. The magnetic tailings are added with flotation agent, and after slurry conditioning, they are subjected to flotation treatment to obtain flotated ore and flotation tailings. The flotation tailings are concentrated and then ground, and then returned to a shaking table for gravity separation.

[0012] 4) Full flotation of sulfide ores: Combine the mixed rough concentrate, magnetic separation ores, and flotation ores, add water to adjust the slurry to the slurry concentration, and carry out full flotation of sulfide ores. During the flotation operation, add conditioning agents, sodium sulfide, butyl xanthate, sodium silicate, hydroxypropyl cellulose, and remove sulfide minerals and oxide minerals from the froth product. Tin metal is left in the remaining material in the flotation cell.

[0013] 5) Shaking table gravity separation of tin concentrate: The material obtained in step 4) is classified and sent to a three-stage shaking table gravity separation according to the particle size. After the three-stage shaking table gravity separation, qualified tin concentrate, middlings 3 and final tailings are obtained. Middlings 3 are directly incorporated into the foam product of step 4) to obtain the final mixed concentrate.

[0014] As a preferred technical solution, the particle size classification is divided into particles with a particle size greater than 0.074 mm and particles with a particle size less than 0.074 mm; the ore with a particle size greater than 0.074 mm is subjected to gravity separation on a fine sand shaking table, and the ore with a particle size less than 0.074 mm is subjected to gravity separation on a grooved shaking table.

[0015] As a preferred technical solution, the feed concentration for the first-stage shaking table gravity separation is 20-22%; the feed concentration for the second-stage shaking table gravity separation is 24-28%; the feed concentration for the third-stage shaking table gravity separation is 20-22%; and the pulp concentration for the full flotation of sulfide ores is 20-30%.

[0016] As a preferred technical solution, the feed concentration of the magnetic separation is 28-32%, and the magnetic field strength is 1800-2000 Gs.

[0017] As a preferred technical solution, in step 4), the following components are used per ton of raw ore: 100-500 g / t of modifier, 80-150 g / t of sodium sulfide, 10-30 g / t of butyl xanthate, 100-500 g / t of sodium silicate, and 50-200 g / t of hydroxypropyl cellulose, wherein the modifier is sulfuric acid.

[0018] As a preferred technical solution, in step 3), the flotation agent contains 20-40 g / t copper sulfate, 10-20 g / t black powder, 10-30 g / t ethyl thiocyanate, 5-50 g / t calcium carbonate, and 200 g / t pine oil per ton of raw ore.

[0019] Advantages of this invention:

[0020] The process of this invention is simple and enables efficient recovery of concentrate and tin from polymetallic low-grade tin ore;

[0021] This invention combines shaking table gravity separation and magnetic separation to directly obtain qualified tin concentrate, simplifying the tin recovery process. Subsequent flotation further improves the recovery rate of each useful metal, while simplifying the entire beneficiation process and avoiding the loss and waste of each metal.

[0022] This invention significantly reduces mineral processing costs, minimizes environmental pollution, aligns with national policies on clean production and circular economy, and achieves the goals of energy conservation, emission reduction, consumption reduction, and comprehensive resource utilization. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 is a flowchart of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0025] The following embodiments are only for further detailed description of the present invention, but do not constitute any limitation on the present invention; the materials used in the following embodiments, unless otherwise specified, were purchased from conventional chemical reagent companies and raw material suppliers.

[0026] Example 1:

[0027] The ore was selected from a mining area in Yunnan Province. The composition of the low-grade metal ore was: 0.36% tin, 0.75% lead, 0.42% antimony, 2.24% zinc, and 42.5 g / t indium.

[0028] The following processing steps are performed.

[0029] 1) Grinding: crush and ball mill the low-grade polymetallic ore to a thickness of 0.074 mm to achieve a purity of over 70%;

[0030] 2) Classification: After grinding, the ore is classified according to its particle size and sent to a first-stage shaking table gravity separation to obtain mixed rough concentrate, middlings 1, and tailings 1; then a second-stage shaking table gravity separation is performed, and the tailings from the first-stage shaking table gravity separation are concentrated and classified, and then sent to a second-stage shaking table gravity separation to obtain rough concentrate 2, middlings 2, and tailings 2.

[0031] 3) Magnetic separation: The middlings 1 and rough concentrate 2 are combined and separated by wet magnetic separation to obtain magnetic tailings and magnetic ore. The magnetic tailings are added with flotation agent, and after slurry conditioning, they are subjected to flotation treatment to obtain flotated ore and flotation tailings. The flotation tailings are concentrated and then ground, and then returned to a shaking table for gravity separation.

[0032] 4) Full flotation of sulfide ores: Combine the mixed rough concentrate, magnetic separation ores, and flotation ores, add water to adjust the slurry to the slurry concentration, and carry out full flotation of sulfide ores. During the flotation operation, add conditioning agents, sodium sulfide, butyl xanthate, sodium silicate, hydroxypropyl cellulose, and remove sulfide minerals and oxide minerals from the froth product. Tin metal is left in the remaining material in the flotation cell.

[0033] 5) Shaking table gravity separation of tin concentrate: The material obtained in step 4) is classified and sent to a three-stage shaking table gravity separation according to the particle size. After the three-stage shaking table gravity separation, qualified tin concentrate, middlings 3 and final tailings are obtained. Middlings 3 are directly incorporated into the foam product of step 4) to obtain the final mixed concentrate.

[0034] The particle size classification is divided into particles larger than 0.074 mm and particles smaller than 0.074 mm; the ore with a particle size larger than 0.074 mm is subjected to gravity separation on a fine sand shaking table, and the ore with a particle size smaller than 0.074 mm is subjected to gravity separation on a grooved shaking table.

[0035] The first-stage shaking table gravity separation has a feed concentration of 20%; the second-stage shaking table gravity separation has a feed concentration of 28%; the third-stage shaking table gravity separation has a feed concentration of 20%; the slurry concentration for the sulfide ore full flotation is 20%, and the sulfide ore full flotation consists of one roughing, two cleaning, and two scavenging stages.

[0036] The magnetic separation has a feed concentration of 28%, a magnetic field strength of 1800 Gs, and a processing capacity of 8 t / h.

[0037] In step 4), the following components are used per ton of raw ore: 100 g / t modifier, 80 g / t sodium sulfide, 10 g / t butyl xanthate, 100 g / t sodium silicate, and 50 g / t hydroxypropyl cellulose. The modifier is sulfuric acid.

[0038] In step 3), the flotation agent contains 20 g / t copper sulfate, 10 g / t black powder, 10 g / t ethyl nitrogen, 5 g / t calcium carbonate, and 200 g / t pine oil per ton of raw ore.

[0039] Among them, the recovery rate of tin concentrate was 68.34%, and the recovery rate of total tin was 83.26%.

[0040] Example 2:

[0041] The ore was selected from a mining area in Yunnan Province. The ore contained an average of 0.59% tin, 0.98% lead, 0.76% antimony, 80.4 g / t silver, 3.96% zinc, and 40.5 g / t indium.

[0042] The following processing steps are performed.

[0043] 1) Grinding: crush and ball mill the low-grade polymetallic ore to a thickness of 0.074 mm to achieve a purity of over 70%;

[0044] 2) Classification: After grinding, the ore is classified according to its particle size and sent to a first-stage shaking table gravity separation to obtain mixed rough concentrate, middlings 1, and tailings 1; then a second-stage shaking table gravity separation is performed, and the tailings from the first-stage shaking table gravity separation are concentrated and classified, and then sent to a second-stage shaking table gravity separation to obtain rough concentrate 2, middlings 2, and tailings 2.

[0045] 3) Magnetic separation: The middlings 1 and rough concentrate 2 are combined and separated by wet magnetic separation to obtain magnetic tailings and magnetic ore. The magnetic tailings are added with flotation agent, and after slurry conditioning, they are subjected to flotation treatment to obtain flotated ore and flotation tailings. The flotation tailings are concentrated and then ground, and then returned to a shaking table for gravity separation.

[0046] 4) Full flotation of sulfide ores: Combine the mixed rough concentrate, magnetic separation ores, and flotation ores, add water to adjust the slurry to the slurry concentration, and carry out full flotation of sulfide ores. During the flotation operation, add conditioning agents, sodium sulfide, butyl xanthate, sodium silicate, hydroxypropyl cellulose, and remove sulfide minerals and oxide minerals from the froth product. Tin metal is left in the remaining material in the flotation cell.

[0047] 5) Shaking table gravity separation of tin concentrate: The material obtained in step 4) is classified and sent to a three-stage shaking table gravity separation according to the particle size. After the three-stage shaking table gravity separation, qualified tin concentrate, middlings 3 and final tailings are obtained. Middlings 3 are directly incorporated into the foam product of step 4) to obtain the final mixed concentrate.

[0048] The particle size classification is divided into particles larger than 0.074 mm and particles smaller than 0.074 mm; the ore with a particle size larger than 0.074 mm is subjected to gravity separation on a fine sand shaking table, and the ore with a particle size smaller than 0.074 mm is subjected to gravity separation on a grooved shaking table.

[0049] The first stage of shaking table gravity separation has a feed concentration of 22%; the second stage of shaking table gravity separation has a feed concentration of 26%; the third stage of shaking table gravity separation has a feed concentration of 22%; the pulp concentration in the full flotation of sulfide ore is 30%, and the full flotation of sulfide ore consists of one roughing, two cleaning, and two scavenging stages.

[0050] As a preferred technical solution, the feed concentration of the magnetic separation is 32%, the magnetic field strength is 2000 Gs, and the processing capacity is 10 t / h.

[0051] As a preferred technical solution, in step 4), the following components are used per ton of raw ore: 500g / t modifier, 150g / t sodium sulfide, 30g / t butyl xanthate, 500g / t sodium silicate, and 200g / t hydroxypropyl cellulose; the modifier is sulfuric acid.

[0052] In step 3), the flotation agent contains 40 g / t copper sulfate, 20 g / t black powder, 30 g / t ethyl nitrogen, 50 g / t calcium carbonate, and 200 g / t pine oil per ton of raw ore.

[0053] Among them, the recovery rate of tin concentrate was 69.52%, and the recovery rate of total tin was 82.97%.

[0054] Example 3:

[0055] The ore was selected from a mining area in Yunnan Province. The ore contained an average of 0.82% tin, 1.94% lead, 2.07% antimony, 1.28% zinc, and 50.4 g / t indium.

[0056] The following processing steps are performed.

[0057] 1) Grinding: crush and ball mill the polymetallic low-grade ore to 0.074mm to achieve more than 70% purity;

[0058] 2) Classification: After grinding, the ore is classified according to its particle size and sent to a first-stage shaking table gravity separation to obtain mixed rough concentrate, middlings 1, and tailings 1; then a second-stage shaking table gravity separation is performed, and the tailings from the first-stage shaking table gravity separation are concentrated and classified, and then sent to a second-stage shaking table gravity separation to obtain rough concentrate 2, middlings 2, and tailings 2.

[0059] 3) Magnetic separation: The middlings 1 and rough concentrate 2 are combined and separated by wet magnetic separation to obtain magnetic tailings and magnetic ore. The magnetic tailings are added with flotation agent, and after slurry conditioning, they are subjected to flotation treatment to obtain flotated ore and flotation tailings. The flotation tailings are concentrated and then ground, and then returned to a shaking table for gravity separation.

[0060] 4) Full flotation of sulfide ores: Combine the mixed rough concentrate, magnetic separation ores, and flotation ores, add water to adjust the slurry to the slurry concentration, and carry out full flotation of sulfide ores. During the flotation operation, add conditioning agents, sodium sulfide, butyl xanthate, sodium silicate, hydroxypropyl cellulose, and remove sulfide minerals and oxide minerals from the froth product. Tin metal is left in the remaining material in the flotation cell.

[0061] 5) Shaking table gravity separation of tin concentrate: The material obtained in step 4) is classified and sent to a three-stage shaking table gravity separation according to the particle size. After the three-stage shaking table gravity separation, qualified tin concentrate, middlings 3 and final tailings are obtained. Middlings 3 are directly incorporated into the foam product of step 4) to obtain the final mixed concentrate.

[0062] The particle size classification is divided into particles larger than 0.074 mm and particles smaller than 0.074 mm; the ore with a particle size larger than 0.074 mm is subjected to gravity separation on a fine sand shaking table, and the ore with a particle size smaller than 0.074 mm is subjected to gravity separation on a grooved shaking table.

[0063] The first-stage shaking table gravity separation has a feed concentration of 21%; the second-stage shaking table gravity separation has a feed concentration of 22%; the third-stage shaking table gravity separation has a feed concentration of 20%; the pulp concentration for the sulfide ore full flotation is 25%, and the sulfide ore full flotation consists of one roughing, two cleaning, and two scavenging stages.

[0064] The magnetic separation has a feed concentration of 30%, a magnetic field strength of 1800 Gs, and a processing capacity of 9 t / h.

[0065] In step 4), the following components are used per ton of raw ore: 200 g / t modifier, 100 g / t sodium sulfide, 20 g / t butyl xanthate, 150 g / t sodium silicate, and 80 g / t hydroxypropyl cellulose; the modifier is sulfuric acid.

[0066] In step 3), the flotation agent contains 30g / t copper sulfate, 15g / t black powder, 15g / t ethyl thiocyanate, 10g / t calcium carbonate, and 200g / t pine oil per ton of raw ore.

[0067] Among them, the recovery rate of tin concentrate was 71.2352%, and the recovery rate of total tin was 85.43%.

[0068] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of this invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A beneficiation process for polymetallic low-grade tin ore, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: 1) Grinding: crush and ball mill the polymetallic low-grade ore to 0.074mm to achieve more than 70% purity; 2) Classification: After grinding, the ore is classified according to its particle size and sent to a first-stage shaking table gravity separation to obtain mixed rough concentrate, middlings 1, and tailings 1; then a second-stage shaking table gravity separation is performed, and the tailings from the first-stage shaking table gravity separation are concentrated and classified, and then sent to a second-stage shaking table gravity separation to obtain rough concentrate 2, middlings 2, and tailings 2. 3) Magnetic separation: The middlings 1 and rough concentrate 2 are combined and separated by wet magnetic separation to obtain magnetic tailings and magnetic ore. The magnetic tailings are added with flotation agent, and after slurry conditioning, they are subjected to flotation treatment to obtain flotated ore and flotation tailings. The flotation tailings are concentrated and then ground, and then returned to a shaking table for gravity separation. 4) Full flotation of sulfide ores: Combine the mixed rough concentrate, magnetic separation ores, and flotation ores, add water to adjust the slurry to the slurry concentration, and carry out full flotation of sulfide ores. During the flotation operation, add conditioning agents, sodium sulfide, butyl xanthate, sodium silicate, hydroxypropyl cellulose, and remove sulfide minerals and oxide minerals from the froth product. Tin metal is left in the remaining material in the flotation cell. 5) Shaking table gravity separation of tin concentrate: The material obtained in step 4) is classified and sent to a three-stage shaking table gravity separation according to the particle size. After the three-stage shaking table gravity separation, qualified tin concentrate, middlings 3 and final tailings are obtained. Middlings 3 are directly incorporated into the foam product of step 4) to obtain the final mixed concentrate.

2. The polymetallic low-grade tin ore beneficiation process as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The particle size classification is divided into particles larger than 0.074 mm and particles smaller than 0.074 mm; the ore with a particle size larger than 0.074 mm is subjected to gravity separation on a fine sand shaking table, and the ore with a particle size smaller than 0.074 mm is subjected to gravity separation on a grooved shaking table.

3. The polymetallic low-grade tin ore beneficiation process as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The feed concentration for the first-stage shaking table gravity separation is 20-22%; the feed concentration for the second-stage shaking table gravity separation is 24-28%; the feed concentration for the third-stage shaking table gravity separation is 20-22%; and the pulp concentration for the full flotation of sulfide ores is 20-30%.

4. The polymetallic low-grade tin ore beneficiation process as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The feed concentration for the magnetic separation is 28-32%, and the magnetic field strength is 1800-2000 Gs.

5. The polymetallic low-grade tin ore beneficiation process as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step 4), the following components are used per ton of raw ore: 100–500 g / t of modifier, 80–150 g / t of sodium sulfide, 10–30 g / t of butyl xanthate, 100–500 g / t of sodium silicate, and 50–200 g / t of hydroxypropyl cellulose. The modifier is sulfuric acid.

6. The polymetallic low-grade tin ore beneficiation process as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3), the flotation agent contains 20-40 g / t copper sulfate, 10-20 g / t black powder, 10-30 g / t ethyl thiocyanate, 5-50 g / t calcium carbonate, and 200 g / t pine oil, per ton of raw ore.

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