Communication method and apparatus

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of communications, and provides a communication method and an apparatus. The method comprises: using a first vector to process a first modulation symbol, so as to obtain a second modulation symbol, the first vector being an element of a first matrix, the first matrix indicating channel features of a first channel in at least two time units, and the first channel being a channel between a first communication apparatus and a first network apparatus; performing first processing on the second modulation symbol to obtain a first signal, the first processing comprising spatial domain precoding; and, in a first time unit, transmitting the first signal by means of the first channel, the first time unit being included in the at least two time units. For example, the first matrix is a time domain extended precoding matrix.

Description

A communication method and apparatus

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202411551816.3, filed with the State Intellectual Property Office of China on October 31, 2024, entitled “A Communication Method and Apparatus”, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a communication method and apparatus. Background Technology

[0003] In communication systems, there are scenarios where multiple communication devices transmit signals. These signals may occupy the same time-domain resources. However, different signals transmitted on the same time-domain resources interfere with each other, limiting transmission performance. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this application provides a communication method and apparatus that can reduce signal interference. To achieve the above objective, this application adopts the following technical solution:

[0005] Firstly, a communication method is provided. This method can be executed by a first communication device. The first communication device can be a terminal device, a component within the terminal device (e.g., a processor, chip, or chip system), or a logic module or software capable of implementing all or part of the terminal device's functions. The following description uses the first communication device as the executing entity.

[0006] The method includes:

[0007] A first modulation symbol is processed using a first vector to obtain a second modulation symbol. The first vector is an element of a first matrix, which indicates the channel characteristics of a first channel over at least two time units. The first channel is the channel between the first communication device and the first network device. The second modulation symbol undergoes a first processing step to obtain a first signal. This first processing step includes spatial precoding. The first signal is transmitted through the first channel over a first time unit, which is included in the at least two time units.

[0008] The process of using the first vector to process the first modulation symbol to obtain the second modulation symbol can be understood as: using the first vector to perform time-domain spread precoding on the first modulation symbol to obtain the second modulation symbol.

[0009] In other words, in the physical layer processing flow of the first modulation symbol, the first modulation symbol is processed by the first vector to obtain the second modulation symbol. The processing by the first vector causes a change in the phase of the first modulation symbol. The second modulation symbol is then processed again to obtain the first signal, which is transmitted through the first channel in the first time unit. Because the phase of the first modulation signal changes, the phase difference between the first modulation symbol and the modulation symbols of other communication devices also changes, enhancing anti-interference capabilities and reducing interference between different communication devices, thereby improving transmission performance.

[0010] In one possible design, the first matrix is ​​orthogonal to the second matrix, the second matrix indicating the channel characteristics of the second channel over the at least two time units, the second channel being the channel between the second communication device and the first network device.

[0011] For example, the first channel and the second channel are channels on the same time domain resources. For instance, the time domain resources of the first channel and the second channel are completely or partially the same.

[0012] Based on this technical solution, since the first matrix and the second matrix are orthogonal, and the first matrix is ​​used by the first communication device to change the phase of the modulation symbol, and the second matrix is ​​used by the second communication device to change the phase of the modulation symbol, so that the phase difference between the modulation symbol of the first communication device and the modulation symbol of the second communication device changes, such as the phase difference being 90°, thus achieving orthogonality, the signals transmitted on the first channel and the second channel can also be separated in the Doppler domain, thereby reducing interference.

[0013] In one possible design, after processing the first modulation symbol using the first vector to obtain the second modulation symbol, and before performing the first processing on the second modulation symbol, the method further includes: mapping the second modulation symbol to a first transmission layer. Performing the first processing on the second modulation symbol to obtain the first signal includes: performing the first processing on the second modulation symbol mapped to the first transmission layer to obtain the first signal.

[0014] In other words, the first communication device first performs reception processing of de-temporal spread precoded data based on the first vector, and then performs layer mapping.

[0015] In one possible design, before processing the first modulation symbol using the first vector to obtain the second modulation symbol, the method further includes: mapping the first modulation symbol to a first transmission layer. Processing the first modulation symbol using the first vector to obtain the second modulation symbol includes: processing the first modulation symbol mapped to the first transmission layer using the first vector to obtain the second modulation symbol.

[0016] In other words, the first communication device first performs layer mapping, and then performs reception processing of de-temporal spread precoded data based on the first vector.

[0017] In one possible design, the second modulation symbol satisfies:

[0018] Where, x (l) (i) represents the second modulation symbol, and l represents the transmission layer corresponding to the second modulation symbol. This indicates the number of modulation symbols in the transmission layer corresponding to the second modulation symbol. d (l) (ki+a) represents the first modulation symbol, where k is a positive integer and a = 0, 1, ..., k-1. This represents the first vector.

[0019] In one possible design, the number of time units in the at least two time units is related to the number of elements in the first matrix. For example, the number of time units in the at least two time units is the same as the number of elements in the first matrix.

[0020] In one possible design, the first matrix indicates the channel characteristics of the first channel over the at least two time units, including: the first vector indicates the channel characteristics of the first channel over the first time unit.

[0021] In one possible design, the method includes: processing a third modulation symbol with a second vector to obtain a fourth modulation symbol, the second vector being an element of the first matrix, the second vector indicating the channel characteristics of the first channel in a second time unit, the second time unit being included in the at least two time units. Performing the first processing on the fourth modulation symbol yields a second signal. Transmitting the second signal through the first channel in the second time unit.

[0022] For example, the information corresponding to the first modulation symbol and the third modulation symbol is the same.

[0023] In other words, different elements of the first matrix indicate the channel characteristics of the first channel at different time units. Based on this, the modulation symbols corresponding to different time units, such as the first modulation symbol and the third modulation symbol, are processed using different vectors, thereby reducing signal interference at different time units.

[0024] In one possible design, the method includes: processing a fifth modulation symbol using the first vector to obtain a sixth modulation symbol; performing the first processing on the sixth modulation symbol to obtain a third signal; and transmitting the third signal through the first channel in the first time unit.

[0025] For example, the first signal and the third signal occupy different frequency domain resources.

[0026] For example, the information corresponding to the first modulation symbol is different from that of the fifth modulation symbol.

[0027] In other words, signals generated by different modulation symbols can be transmitted within the same time unit. Furthermore, different modulation symbols corresponding to the same time unit are precoded in the time domain using the same vector (such as the first vector), which causes the phases of different modulation symbols to change, enhancing anti-interference capabilities and reducing interference between different communication devices.

[0028] In one possible design, the first time unit includes one of the following: a time slot group, a time slot, a sub-time slot, a symbol, or a symbol group.

[0029] In one possible design, the first vector is a complex vector, thereby adjusting the amplitude and phase of the first modulation symbol, or adjusting the phase of the first modulation symbol.

[0030] In one possible design, the magnitude of the first vector is 1.

[0031] In one possible design, the first matrix is ​​a time-domain extended precoding matrix.

[0032] Secondly, a communication method is provided. This method can be executed by a first network device. The first network device can be a network equipment, a component within a network equipment (e.g., a processor, chip, or chip system), or a logic module or software capable of implementing all or part of the functions of the network equipment. The following description uses the first network device as the executing entity.

[0033] The method includes:

[0034] Send first information to a first communication device, the first information indicating a first matrix, the first matrix indicating channel characteristics of a first channel over at least two time units, the first channel being the channel between the first communication device and the first network device, the first matrix being used by the first communication device to process modulation symbols before performing spatial precoding.

[0035] Sending second information to a second communication device, the second information indicating a second matrix, the second matrix indicating channel characteristics of a second channel in the at least two time units, the second channel being the channel between the second communication device and the first network device, the second matrix being used by the second communication device to process modulation symbols before performing spatial precoding.

[0036] For example, the first channel and the second channel are channels on the same time domain resources. For instance, the time domain resources of the first channel and the second channel are completely or partially the same.

[0037] In other words, the first network device configures the first matrix for the first communication device, enabling the first communication device to process the modulation symbols based on the first matrix, thereby changing the phase of the modulation symbols. Similarly, the first network device configures the second matrix for the second communication device, enabling the second communication device to process the modulation symbols based on the second matrix, thereby changing the phase of the modulation symbols. The phase difference between the phase-changed modulation symbols and those of other communication devices changes, enhancing anti-interference capabilities and reducing interference between different communication devices, thus improving transmission performance.

[0038] In one possible design, the first matrix is ​​orthogonal to the second matrix.

[0039] Based on this technical solution, since the first matrix and the second matrix are orthogonal, and the first matrix is ​​used by the first communication device to change the phase of the modulation symbol, and the second matrix is ​​used by the second communication device to change the phase of the modulation symbol, so that the phase difference between the modulation symbol of the first communication device and the modulation symbol of the second communication device changes, such as the phase difference being 90°, thus achieving orthogonality, the signals transmitted on the first channel and the second channel can also be separated in the Doppler domain, thereby reducing interference.

[0040] In one possible design, the method further includes: sending third information to a third communication device, the third information indicating a third matrix, the third matrix indicating channel characteristics of a third channel over the at least two time units, the third channel being a channel between the third communication device and the first network device, the third matrix being used by the third communication device to process modulation symbols before performing spatial precoding.

[0041] For example, the first channel, the second channel, and the third channel are channels on the same time-domain resources. For instance, the time-domain resources of the first channel, the second channel, and the third channel are completely identical, or the time-domain resources of the first channel, the second channel, and the third channel are partially identical.

[0042] In other words, the first network device may communicate with multiple communication devices, such as the first communication device, the second communication device, and the third communication device. The first network device can configure the time-domain extended precoding matrix for each of the multiple communication devices.

[0043] In one possible design, the third matrix is ​​orthogonal to the first matrix, and the third matrix is ​​orthogonal to the second matrix.

[0044] In one possible design, the method further includes: receiving a first signal from the first communication device via the first channel in a first time unit, the first time unit being included in the at least two time units; performing a second processing on the first signal to obtain a second modulation symbol, the second processing including despatial precoding; and processing the second modulation symbol using a first vector, the first vector being an element of the first matrix, to obtain a first modulation symbol.

[0045] The process of using the first vector to process the second modulation symbol to obtain the first modulation symbol can be understood as: using the first vector to perform time-domain spread precoding on the second modulation symbol to obtain the first modulation symbol.

[0046] In other words, in the physical layer processing flow of the second modulation symbol, after receiving the first signal through the first signal in the first time unit, the first signal is processed by the second processing to obtain the second modulation symbol, and then the second modulation symbol is processed through the first vector to recover the phase of the second modulation symbol and obtain the first modulation symbol.

[0047] Since the second modulation symbol is a modulation symbol with a phase change, it can change the phase difference between the second modulation symbol and the modulation symbols of other communication devices, thereby enhancing the anti-interference capability, reducing interference between different communication devices, and improving transmission performance.

[0048] In one possible design, performing the second processing on the first signal to obtain the second modulation symbol includes: performing the second processing on the first signal to obtain the second modulation symbol located in the first transmission layer. After performing the second processing on the first signal to obtain the second modulation symbol located in the first transmission layer, and before processing the second modulation symbol using the first vector, the method further includes: obtaining the second modulation symbol from the first transmission layer through de-mapping.

[0049] In other words, the first network device first performs de-layer mapping, and then performs reception processing of de-temporal spread precoded data based on the first vector.

[0050] In one possible design, processing the second modulation symbol using the first vector to obtain the first modulation symbol includes: processing the second modulation symbol using the first vector to obtain the second modulation symbol located in the first transmission layer, and obtaining the first modulation symbol from the first transmission layer through de-mapping.

[0051] In other words, the first network device first performs reception processing of de-temporal spread precoded data based on the first vector, and then performs de-layer mapping.

[0052] In one possible design, the second modulation symbol satisfies:

[0053] Where, x (l) (i) represents the second modulation symbol, and l represents the transmission layer corresponding to the second modulation symbol. This indicates the number of modulation symbols in the transmission layer corresponding to the second modulation symbol. d (l) (ki+a) represents the first modulation symbol, where k is a positive integer and a = 0, 1, ..., k-1. This represents the first vector.

[0054] In one possible design, the first matrix indicates the channel characteristics of the first channel over the at least two time units, including: the first vector indicates the channel characteristics of the first channel over the first time unit.

[0055] In one possible design, the method includes: receiving a second signal from the first communication device via the first channel in a second time unit, the second time unit being included in the at least two time units; performing the second processing on the second signal to obtain a fourth modulation symbol; and processing the fourth modulation symbol with a second vector, the second vector being an element of the first matrix, the second vector indicating the channel characteristics of the first channel in the second time unit.

[0056] For example, the information corresponding to the first modulation symbol and the third modulation symbol is the same.

[0057] In other words, different elements of the first matrix indicate the channel characteristics of the first channel at different time units. Based on this, the modulation symbols corresponding to different time units, such as the second modulation symbol and the fourth modulation symbol, are processed using different vectors to recover the phase of the modulation symbols corresponding to different time units.

[0058] In one possible design, the method includes: receiving a third signal from the first communication device via the first channel in the first time unit; performing the second processing on the third signal to obtain a sixth modulation symbol; and processing the sixth modulation symbol using the first vector to obtain a fifth modulation symbol.

[0059] For example, the first signal and the third signal occupy different frequency domain resources.

[0060] For example, the information corresponding to the first modulation symbol is different from that of the fifth modulation symbol.

[0061] In other words, signals generated by different modulation symbols can be transmitted within the same time unit. Furthermore, different modulation symbols corresponding to the same time unit are processed by the same vector (such as the first vector) to recover the phase of different modulation symbols within the same time unit.

[0062] In one possible design, the first time unit includes one of the following: a time slot group, a time slot, a sub-time slot, a symbol, or a symbol group.

[0063] In one possible design, the first vector is a complex vector.

[0064] In one possible design, the magnitude of the first vector is 1.

[0065] In one possible design, the first matrix is ​​a time-domain extended precoding matrix.

[0066] Thirdly, a communication method is provided. This method can be executed by a first communication device and a second communication device. The first communication device can be a terminal device, a component within the terminal device (e.g., a processor, chip, or chip system), or a logic module or software capable of implementing all or part of the terminal device's functions. The second communication device can be a terminal device, a component within the terminal device (e.g., a processor, chip, or chip system), or a logic module or software capable of implementing all or part of the terminal device's functions. The following description uses an example where the execution entities are the first and second communication devices.

[0067] The method includes:

[0068] The first communication device processes the first modulation symbol using a first vector to obtain a second modulation symbol. The first vector is an element of a first matrix. The first matrix indicates the channel characteristics of the first channel at least two time units. The first channel is the channel between the first communication device and the first network device.

[0069] The first communication device performs a first process on the second modulation symbol to obtain a first signal, the first process including spatial precoding.

[0070] The first communication device transmits the first signal through the first channel in the first time unit, and the first time unit is included in the at least two time units.

[0071] The second communication device processes the seventh modulation symbol using a third vector to obtain the eighth modulation symbol. The third vector is an element of the second matrix, which indicates the channel characteristics of the second channel in the at least two time units. The second channel is the channel between the second communication device and the first network device. The first matrix and the second matrix are orthogonal.

[0072] The second communication device performs the first processing on the eighth modulation symbol to obtain the fourth signal.

[0073] The second communication device transmits the fourth signal through the second channel during the first time unit.

[0074] Based on this technical solution, since the first matrix and the second matrix are orthogonal, and the first matrix is ​​used by the first communication device to change the phase of the modulation symbol, and the second matrix is ​​used by the second communication device to change the phase of the modulation symbol, so that the phase difference between the modulation symbol of the first communication device and the modulation symbol of the second communication device changes, such as the phase difference being 90°, thus achieving orthogonality, the signals transmitted on the first channel and the second channel can also be separated in the Doppler domain, thereby reducing interference.

[0075] Fourthly, a communication device is provided for implementing the various methods described above. The communication device includes modules, units, or means corresponding to the methods, which can be implemented in hardware, software, or by hardware executing corresponding software. The hardware or software includes one or more modules or units corresponding to the functions.

[0076] In some possible designs, the communication device may include a processing module and a transceiver module. The processing module can be used to implement the processing functions performed by the communication device in any of the above aspects and any possible implementations thereof. The transceiver module, also referred to as a transceiver unit, is used to implement the sending and / or receiving functions performed by the communication device in any of the above aspects and any possible implementations thereof. The transceiver module may consist of transceiver circuitry, a transceiver, a transceiver unit, or a communication interface.

[0077] In some possible designs, the transceiver module includes a transmitting module and / or a receiving module, which are used to implement the transmitting or receiving functions performed by the communication device in any of the above aspects and any possible implementations thereof.

[0078] Fifthly, a communication device is provided for implementing the method performed by the communication device in any of the above aspects or any possible design of any of the above aspects.

[0079] A sixth aspect provides a communication device, comprising: a processor; the processor being configured to execute a computer program or instructions to cause the communication device to perform the method described in any aspect or the method executed by the communication device in any possible design of any aspect. Optionally, the communication device further includes a memory, which may be coupled to the processor, or the memory may exist independently of the processor, for example, the memory and the processor are two separate modules. The memory may be located outside or within the communication device.

[0080] In a seventh aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided. This computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program or instructions that, when executed, cause the methods described in any of the preceding aspects or the methods executed by a communication device in any possible design of any of the preceding aspects to be implemented.

[0081] Eighthly, a computer program product containing instructions is provided, which, when run, causes the method described in any of the foregoing aspects or the method executed by a communication device in any possible design of any of the foregoing aspects to be implemented.

[0082] The communication device provided in any one of the fourth to eighth aspects may be the first communication device of the first aspect or the third aspect, or a component included in the first communication device, such as a chip or a chip system; or it may be the second communication device of the third aspect, or a component included in the second communication device, such as a chip or a chip system. When the device is a chip system, it may be composed of chips or may include chips and other discrete devices.

[0083] It is understandable that when the communication device provided in any of the fourth to eighth aspects is a chip, the sending action / function of the communication device can be understood as outputting information, and the receiving action / function of the communication device can be understood as inputting information.

[0084] The technical effects of any of the design methods in aspects four through eight can be found in the technical effects of any of the design methods in aspect one or three, and will not be repeated here.

[0085] Ninthly, a network apparatus is provided for implementing the various methods described above. The network apparatus includes modules, units, or means corresponding to the methods, which can be implemented in hardware, software, or by hardware executing corresponding software. The hardware or software includes one or more modules or units corresponding to the functions.

[0086] In some possible designs, the network device may include a processing module and a transceiver module. The processing module can be used to implement the processing functions performed by the network device in the second aspect described above and any possible implementation thereof. The transceiver module, also referred to as a transceiver unit, is used to implement the sending and / or receiving functions performed by the network device in the second aspect described above and any possible implementation thereof. The transceiver module may consist of transceiver circuitry, a transceiver, a transceiver unit, or a communication interface.

[0087] In some possible designs, the transceiver module includes a sending module and / or a receiving module, respectively used to implement the sending or receiving functions performed by the network device in the second aspect above and any possible implementation thereof.

[0088] In a tenth aspect, a network device is provided for implementing the method performed by the network device as described in the second aspect or any possible design of the second aspect above.

[0089] Eleventhly, a network device is provided, comprising: a processor; the processor being configured to execute computer programs or instructions to cause the network device to perform the methods described in the second aspect or the methods performed by the network device in any possible design of the second aspect. Optionally, the network device further comprises a memory that may be coupled to the processor, or the memory may exist independently of the processor, for example, the memory and the processor are two separate modules. The memory may be located outside or within the network device.

[0090] In a twelfth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided. This computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program or instructions that, when executed, cause the method described in the second aspect above, or the method executed by a network device in any possible design of the second aspect, to be implemented.

[0091] In a thirteenth aspect, a computer program product containing instructions is provided that, when run, causes the method described in the second aspect above, or the method executed by a network device in any possible design of the second aspect, to be implemented.

[0092] The network device provided in any one of the ninth to thirteenth aspects can be the first network device of the second aspect, or a component included in the first network device, such as a chip or chip system. When the device is a chip system, it can be composed of chips or may include chips and other discrete devices.

[0093] It is understandable that when the network device provided in any of the Ninth to Thirteenth aspects is a chip, the transmitting action / function of the network device can be understood as outputting information, and the receiving action / function of the network device can be understood as inputting information.

[0094] The technical effects of any of the design methods in aspects nine through thirteen can be found in the technical effects of any of the design methods in aspect two, and will not be repeated here. Attached Figure Description

[0095] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a communication system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0096] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of another communication system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0097] Figure 3a is a schematic diagram of the architecture of another communication system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0098] Figure 3b is a schematic diagram of the architecture of another communication system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0099] Figure 3c is a schematic diagram of the architecture of another communication system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0100] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a physical channel processing flow provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0101] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a layer mapping process provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0102] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of another physical channel processing flow provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0103] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a de-mapping process provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0104] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a data transmission scenario provided by an embodiment of this application;

[0105] Figure 9 is a simulation result diagram of network coverage capability provided by an embodiment of this application;

[0106] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of resource allocation provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0107] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of another resource allocation provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0108] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of statistical results of uplink transmission performance provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0109] Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of a multi-user spatial multiplexing provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0110] Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of another multi-user spatial multiplexing provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0111] Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of suppressing interference between users according to an embodiment of this application;

[0112] Figure 16 is a flowchart illustrating a communication method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0113] Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of a time-domain spread precoding provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0114] Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of another time-domain spread precoding provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0115] Figure 19 is a schematic diagram of another physical channel processing flow provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0116] Figure 20 is a schematic diagram of another physical channel processing flow provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0117] Figure 21 is a schematic diagram of another physical channel processing flow provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0118] Figure 22 is a schematic diagram of another physical channel processing flow provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0119] Figure 23 is a flowchart illustrating another communication method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0120] Figure 24 is a flowchart illustrating another communication method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0121] Figure 25 is a schematic diagram of another layer mapping process provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0122] Figure 26 is a flowchart illustrating another communication method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0123] Figure 27 is a flowchart illustrating another communication method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0124] Figure 28 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0125] Figure 29 is a schematic diagram of another device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0126] Figure 30 is a schematic diagram of another device provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0127] The technical solutions in this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0128] The network architecture and business scenarios described in the embodiments of this application are for the purpose of more clearly illustrating the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application. As those skilled in the art will know, with the evolution of network architecture and the emergence of new business scenarios, the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application are also applicable to similar technical problems.

[0129] The technical solutions of this application embodiment can be applied to various communication systems, such as fifth-generation (5G) communication systems. th 4G (5G) or new radio (NR) systems, fourth generation (4G) thThe technical solutions provided in this application can also be applied to future communication systems (also known as future communication networks). These solutions can be used in device-to-device (D2D) communication, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, machine-to-machine (M2M) communication, machine-type communication (MTC), and Internet of Things (IoT) communication systems or other communication systems.

[0130] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a communication system 1000 used in an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 1, the communication system includes a wireless access network 100. Optionally, the communication system 1000 may also include a core network 200 and an Internet 300. The wireless access network 100 may include at least one network device (110a and 110b in Figure 1) and at least one terminal device (120a-120j in Figure 1). The terminal device can communicate wirelessly with the network device. Optionally, different network devices can communicate with each other. Optionally, different terminal devices can communicate with each other.

[0131] It should be noted that Figure 1 is only a schematic diagram. Although it is not shown, the communication system 1000 may also include other network devices, such as one or more of core network (CN) devices, wireless relay devices, and wireless backhaul devices. No specific limitations are made here.

[0132] The network device can connect to the core network device wirelessly or via a wired connection. The core network device and the network device can be independent physical devices, or the functions of the core network device and the logical functions of the network device can be integrated on the same physical device, or a single physical device can integrate some of the functions of the core network device and some of the functions of the network device. This application does not specifically limit these possibilities.

[0133] Optionally, a network device is a network-side device with wireless transceiver capabilities. A network device can be a device in a radio access network (RAN) that provides wireless communication capabilities to terminal devices, referred to as RAN equipment. The RAN can be a 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) system. rdRAN refers to the access network in the Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), such as 4G or 5G networks. RAN can also be a cloud radio access network (CRAN). RAN equipment can be a base station, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB), a transmission reception point (TRP), a next-generation nodeB (gNB) in a 5G mobile communication system, a base station in a future mobile communication system, a wireless fidelity (WiFi) system, a long-range radio (LoRa) system, or an access node in a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) system. RAN equipment can also be a module or unit that performs some of the functions of a base station; for example, it can be a central unit (CU), a distributed unit (DU), or a radio unit (RU). The CU here performs the functions of the radio resource control protocol and packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) of the base station, and can also perform the functions of the service data adaptation protocol (SDAP). The DU performs the functions of the radio link control layer and medium access control (MAC) layer of the base station, and can also perform some or all of the physical layer functions. For specific descriptions of the above-mentioned protocol layers, please refer to the relevant technical specifications of 3GPP. The CU and DU can be set up separately, or they can be included in the same network element, such as in the baseband unit (BBU). The RU can be included in radio frequency equipment or radio frequency units, such as in the remote radio unit (RRU), active antenna unit (AAU), or remote radio head (RRH). In different systems, CU, DU, or RU may also have different names, but those skilled in the art will understand their meaning. Any of the CU (or CU-CP, CU-UP), DU, and RU in this application can be implemented by software modules, hardware modules, or a combination of software modules and hardware modules.Wireless access network equipment can be a macro base station (as shown in Figure 1, 110a), a micro base station or an indoor station (as shown in Figure 1, 110b), or a relay node or donor node, etc. The embodiments of this application do not limit the specific technology or equipment form used in the wireless access network equipment. For ease of description, "network equipment" is used as a shorthand for "wireless access network equipment," and "base station" is used as an example of a wireless access network equipment.

[0134] Optionally, the terminal device accesses the core network via network equipment (such as radio access network equipment). The terminal device includes equipment that provides voice and / or data connectivity to the user. Specifically, it includes equipment that provides voice to the user, or equipment that provides data connectivity to the user, or equipment that provides both voice and data connectivity to the user. For example, it may include a handheld device with wireless connectivity or a processing device connected to a wireless modem. The terminal device can communicate with the core network via the radio access network, exchanging voice or data with the RAN, or interacting with the RAN for both voice and data. The terminal equipment may include user equipment (UE), wireless terminal equipment, mobile terminal equipment, D2D terminal equipment, V2X terminal equipment, machine-to-machine / machine-type communications (M2M / MTC) terminal equipment, Internet of Things (IoT) terminal equipment, subscriber unit, subscriber station, mobile station, remote station, access point (AP), remote terminal, access terminal, user terminal, user agent, or user device, etc. For example, the terminal equipment may include mobile phones (or "cellular" phones), computers with mobile terminal devices, portable, pocket-sized, handheld, or computer-embedded mobile devices, etc. Examples include personal communication service (PCS) phones, cordless phones, session initiation protocol (SIP) phones, wireless local loop (WLL) stations, and personal digital assistants (PDAs). This terminal device also includes limited devices, such as those with low power consumption, limited storage capacity, or limited computing power. Examples include information sensing devices such as barcode scanners, radio frequency identification (RFID), sensors, global positioning systems (GPS), and laser scanners.

[0135] The various terminal devices described above, if located in a vehicle (e.g., placed inside or installed inside a vehicle), can be considered as vehicle-mounted terminal devices, also known as on-board units (OBUs).

[0136] In this embodiment, the terminal device may further include a relay. Alternatively, it can be understood that anything capable of data communication with a base station can be considered a terminal device.

[0137] In this application embodiment, the device for implementing the functions of the terminal device can be the terminal device itself, or it can be a device capable of supporting the terminal device in implementing the functions, such as a chip system, which can be installed in the terminal device. In this application embodiment, the chip system can be composed of chips, or it can include chips and other discrete devices. In the technical solutions provided in this application embodiment, the terminal device is used as an example to illustrate the device for implementing the functions of the terminal.

[0138] It should be understood that network devices and terminal devices can be fixed in location or mobile. Network devices and terminal devices can be deployed on land, including indoors or outdoors, handheld or vehicle-mounted; they can also be deployed on water; and they can also be deployed in the air on aircraft, balloons, and artificial satellites. The embodiments of this application do not limit the application scenarios of the network devices and terminal devices.

[0139] The roles of network devices and terminal devices can be relative. For example, the helicopter or drone 120i in Figure 1 can be configured as a mobile base station. For terminal devices 120j that access the wireless access network through 120i, terminal device 120i is a network device; however, for network device 110a, 120i is a terminal device, meaning that 110a and 120i communicate via a wireless air interface protocol. Of course, 110a and 120i can also communicate via a base station-to-base station interface protocol. In this case, relative to 110a, 120i is also a network device. Therefore, both network devices and terminal devices can be collectively referred to as communication devices. 110a and 110b in Figure 1 can be called communication devices with network device functions, and 120a-120j in Figure 1 can be called communication devices with terminal device functions.

[0140] Additionally, it should be noted that the communication system used in the technical solutions of this application includes V2X. V2X includes direct communication between vehicles (V2V), between vehicles and roadside infrastructure (V2I), and between vehicles and pedestrians (V2P), as well as V2X links between vehicles and networks (V2N) or between vehicles and any entity, as shown in Figure 2. V2V refers to communication between vehicles; V2P refers to communication between vehicles and people (including pedestrians, cyclists, drivers, or passengers); V2I refers to communication between vehicles and infrastructure, such as roadside units (RSUs) or network devices. V2N can also be included within V2I, referring to communication between vehicles and network devices. RSUs include two types: terminal-type RSUs, which are stationary because they are deployed on the roadside and do not require consideration of mobility; and base station-type RSUs, which can provide timed synchronization and resource scheduling for vehicles communicating with them.

[0141] This application is applicable to scenarios supporting sidelink (SL) communication, and supports communication scenarios with and without network coverage. Figures 3a to 3c illustrate a network architecture applicable to this application. In Figure 3a, both terminal device A and terminal device B are within the signal coverage range of the network device; in Figure 3b, terminal device A is within the signal coverage range of the network device, but terminal device B is outside the signal coverage range; in Figure 3c, both terminal device A and terminal device B are outside the signal coverage range of the network device.

[0142] In Figures 3a and 3b, terminal device A and terminal device B can communicate using a side link through resources scheduled by the network device. These resources can be licensed resources or licensed frequency bands. Alternatively, terminal device A and terminal device B can select resources themselves from the resource pool for side link communication. These resources can be unlicensed resources or unlicensed frequency bands.

[0143] In Figure 3c, terminal devices A and B are both outside the signal coverage of the network device, so they communicate through the side link using a resource self-selection method.

[0144] It is easy to understand that the communication interface (Uu interface) between terminal devices and network devices can be called a Uu interface.

[0145] To facilitate understanding of the embodiments of this application, the terminology used in the embodiments of this application will be briefly explained below. It should be understood that these explanations are only for the purpose of understanding the embodiments of this application and should not constitute any limitation on this application.

[0146] 1. General processing flow of the physical layer

[0147] Taking the transmission of a signal from communication device 1 to communication device 2 as an example, the general processing flow of the physical layer is introduced as follows:

[0148] As shown in Figure 4, the processing performed on the communication device 1 side is as follows:

[0149] Data sent from the MAC layer to the physical layer is transmitted in the form of transport blocks (TBs). The size of a TB depends on the amount of resources allocated to the user, the modulation scheme, the coding scheme, and the number of antenna ports. One TB corresponds to one medium access control protocol data unit (MAC PDU), which is transmitted through one time slot and is also the unit of retransmission for hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ).

[0150] After the physical layer receives the TB, it first processes the TB into a codeword (CW), and then performs further processing on the codeword. The specific processing flow is shown in Figure 4.

[0151] (1-1) Cyclic redundancy check (CRC): In order to ensure that the bit stream in the TB can be reliably transmitted after reaching the physical layer, a CRC is first added to the TB.

[0152] (1-2) Segmentation: Based on the encoder's processing capability during channel coding, the parity bit sequence is divided into multiple smaller code blocks (CBs).

[0153] In addition, code block segmentation can also have other names, such as code block partitioning, code block separation, code block clustering, etc. In this application, code block segmentation will be used as an example for introduction.

[0154] (1-3) Channel coding: Each CB after code block segmentation is independently coded.

[0155] (1-4) Rate matching: Select an appropriate number of bits for the bit sequence output by the channel coding to match the size of TB.

[0156] (1-5) Code block concatenation: For rate-matched CBs, multiple CBs are reassembled in sequence to form a large TB, or described as a CW.

[0157] (1-6) Scrambling: Scrambling occurs before modulation, and it rearranges the bit sequence in the original codeword in a pseudo-random way.

[0158] Specifically, a scrambling sequence is used to randomize the bit sequence in the codeword. This scrambling sequence is determined based on the cell identifier and / or the terminal device identifier. Different scrambling sequences are orthogonal to each other, thus avoiding interference between different terminal devices during uplink transmission, or avoiding interference between different cells during downlink transmission.

[0159] (1-7) Modulation: After scrambling, the codeword is still a stream of bits. This bit stream is mapped into complex modulation symbols according to a certain modulation method. This process is also called modulation (or modulation mapping), which can be denoted as modulation. Among them, the information of the digital signal is reflected on the carrier wave, which is also called digital modulation.

[0160] For example, in 5G NR communication systems, modulation methods mainly include phase-shift keying (PSK) and quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). Specifically, modulation methods include π / 2-BPSK, BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM, and 256QAM. Among these, QPSK has a modulation order of 2, 16QAM has a modulation order of 4, 64QAM has a modulation order of 6, and 256QAM has a modulation order of 8.

[0161] In 5G NR communication systems, the mapping relationship between bit streams under different modulation schemes and complex modulation symbols is shown in Table 1:

[0162] Table 1

[0163] For example, if the scrambled bitstream b(i) is 00001111 (a total of 8 bits), and QPSK modulation is used, then the generated modulation symbol d(i) will contain 4 symbols, i.e.:

[0164] The modulation schemes used for different physical channels are shown in Table 2:

[0165] Table 2

[0166] In addition, in this application, the complex modulation symbol can also be described as a modulation symbol. The two have the same meaning and can be substituted for each other.

[0167] (1-8) Layer mapping: For multi-antenna systems, since there may be multiple effective and unrelated spatial channels, the modulation symbol stream can be converted from serial to parallel, that is, each modulation symbol stream is divided into multiple sub-streams of the same length, in order to prepare for the subsequent parallel transmission of multiple streams at the multi-antenna ports. This process is also called layer mapping.

[0168] Multiple parallel substreams are formed through layer mapping, and combined with subsequent precoding schemes, the different substreams are transmitted in an independent manner on the spatial channel. Communication device 2 can then independently demodulate the data of each substream, thereby obtaining the spatial multiplexing gain of the spatial channel.

[0169] It should be noted that layer mapping is a serial-to-parallel conversion of the modulated symbol stream. This can be understood as follows: before layer mapping, there are one or more modulated symbols. After layer mapping, there are still one or more modulated symbols, but the modulated symbols are mapped to different transport layers.

[0170] In this application, the transport layer can be used for data transmission between different communication devices. The number of transport layers can be determined by the rank of the channel matrix. The communication device can determine the number of transport layers based on the channel matrix obtained from channel estimation. For example, the precoding matrix can be determined by performing singular value decomposition (SVD) on the channel matrix or its covariance matrix. During SVD, different transport layers can be distinguished according to the magnitude of their eigenvalues.

[0171] It should be understood that distinguishing different transport layers based on feature values ​​is introduced as one possible example. There are other ways to distinguish transport layers. For example, protocols can also predefine other criteria for distinguishing transport layers, which are not limited in this application.

[0172] In addition, the transport layer can also be called the spatial layer, layer, transport stream, spatial stream, stream, etc., and can be abbreviated as layer. In this application, the transport layer will be used as an example for introduction.

[0173] In this application, the number of transport layers is strongly correlated with channel characteristics (i.e., the channel characteristics between the transmitter and receiver). Channel characteristics refer to the channel features between the transmitter and receiver, such as the channel features between communication device 1 and communication device 2. Typically, channel characteristics are modeled as a channel matrix, and the rank of the channel matrix represents the number of transport layers. For uplink transmission, the network device (e.g., gNodeB) calculates the uplink channel matrix based on uplink channel measurement results. For downlink transmission, the terminal device determines the channel state information (CSI) based on the channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) signal measurement results and feeds back the CSI to the network device. The network device then determines the downlink channel matrix based on the CSI. Additionally, for TDD systems, the network device (e.g., gNodeB) can also calculate the downlink channel matrix based on uplink channel measurement results and channel reciprocity (i.e., the reciprocity between the uplink and downlink channels).

[0174] For example, once the rank of the channel matrix is ​​determined, the number of transport layers and the number of usable codewords can also be determined. Specifically:

[0175] When the number of transport layers is less than or equal to 4, the protocol stipulates that only one codeword can be used.

[0176] When the number of transport layers is greater than 4, the protocol specifies the use of two codewords.

[0177] After the number of transport layers and the number of codewords are determined, layer mapping is then performed on the codeword stream of complex modulation symbols.

[0178] The maximum number of transport layers is 8, as specified in the protocol.

[0179] Next, we will introduce layer mapping using two examples (Example 1 and Example 2 below):

[0180] Example 1, taking Figure 5 as an example, has 8 transport layers, denoted as transport layer 0 to transport layer 7. It also has 2 codewords, denoted as codeword 0 to codeword 1. The modulation symbol corresponding to codeword 0 can be denoted as: The modulation symbol corresponding to codeword 1 can be denoted as:

[0181] After layer mapping, the output is a layer vector, which can be denoted as x(i) = [x (0) (i), ..., x (7) (i)] T Among them, x(0) (i)=d (0) (4i), x (1) (i)=d (0) (4i+1), x (2) (i)=d (0) (4i+2), x (3) (i)=d (0) (4i+3), x (4) (i)=d (1) (4i), x (5) (i)=d (1) (4i+1), x (6) (i)=d (2) (4i+2), x (7) (i)=d (3) (4i+3).

[0182] It should be pointed out that, This indicates the number of modulation symbols included in a transport layer. For example, This indicates the number of modulation symbols included in transport layer 0. This indicates the number of modulation symbols included in transport layer 1. After layer mapping, different transport layers include the same number of modulation symbols.

[0183] Example 2: In a communication system, the maximum supported number of transport layers is 8, and the number of codewords is 2. The mapping relationship between transport layers and codewords is shown in Table 3.

[0184] Table 3

[0185] In Table 3, This indicates the number of modulation symbols included in a transport layer. This indicates the number of modulation symbols in the codeword 0. This represents the number of modulation symbols in codeword 1. and The relationships between them are shown in Table 3.

[0186] In Table 3, d (0) The modulated symbol stream representing codeword 0, d (1) The modulation symbol stream representing codeword 1. x (0) x represents the modulation symbol stream of transport layer 0. (1) x represents the modulation symbol stream of transport layer 1. (2) x represents the modulation symbol stream of transport layer 2. (3) x represents the modulation symbol stream of transport layer 3. (4) This represents the modulation symbol stream of transport layer 4.

[0187] Referring to Table 3, the mapping rules between codewords and the transport layer are introduced:

[0188] Taking a transport layer count of 5 and a codeword count of 2 as an example, the mapping rules include the following two items:

[0189] First, the modulation symbol of codeword 0 is mapped to transport layer 0 and transport layer 1 respectively using the index value mod 2.

[0190] Second, the modulation symbols of codeword 1 are mapped to transport layer 2, transport layer 3 and transport layer 4 respectively using the index value mod 3.

[0191] After layer mapping, the length of the modulation symbol stream in each transmission layer is equal, that is...

[0192] For example, the modulation symbol stream length of codeword 0 is 4, which can be denoted as [d (0) (0),d (0) (1),d (0) (2),d (0) (3)]. The modulation symbol stream length of codeword 1 is 6, i.e., [d (0) (0),d (0) (1),d (0) (2),d (0) (3),d (0) (4),d (0) (5)], then according to the mapping rule, we know that: x (0) =[d (0) (0),d (0) (2)];x (1) =[d (0) (1),d (0) (3)];x (2) =[d (0) (0),d (0) (3)];x (3) =[d (0) (1),d (0) (4)];x (4) =[d (1) (2),d (1) (5)]. That is to say, after layer mapping, the number of modulation symbols in each transmission layer is 2.

[0193] (1-9) Antenna port mapping: Map the modulation symbols after layer mapping to the antenna port.

[0194] (1-10) Beamforming (BF): The modulation symbols of each antenna port are weighted to achieve beamforming.

[0195] (1-11) Resource mapping: Mapping the weighted data volume to two-dimensional time-frequency resources. Resource mapping can also be described as resource element (RE) mapping, which can be denoted as RE mapping.

[0196] (1-12) OFDM signal generation: The result after resource mapping is processed by inverse fast fourier transformation (IFFT) to generate an OFDM signal. Then, a cyclic prefix is ​​added, and the signal is converted into an RF signal through frequency conversion, power amplification, combining, and filtering, and then transmitted through an antenna.

[0197] As shown in Figure 6, the processes performed on the communication device 2 side include:

[0198] (2-1) OFDM Demodulation: After receiving the radio frequency signal through the antenna, the radio frequency signal is processed to obtain the baseband signal, and the baseband signal is demodulated using OFDM. OFDM demodulation includes fast fourier transform (FFT) processing and cyclic shift removal.

[0199] (2-2) De-resource mapping: Extract modulation symbols from time-frequency resource units.

[0200] (2-3) Deprecoding: Deprecoding is performed using the spatial domain precoding matrix to obtain the modulation symbols located on each transmission layer. In this application, deprecoding refers to deprecating the spatial domain precoding.

[0201] (2-4) Demapping: Demapping the modulation symbols of each transmission layer back to the modulation symbol stream.

[0202] During the de-mapping process, as shown in Figure 7, there are 8 transport layers, denoted as transport layer 0 to transport layer 7. There are 2 codewords, denoted as codeword 0 to codeword 1. The received modulation symbol is denoted as x(i) = [x...]. (0) (i), ..., x (7) (i)] T Among them, x (0) (i)=d (0) (4i), x (1) (i)=d (0) (4i+1), x (2) (i)=d (0) (4i+2), x (3) (i)=d (0) (4i+3), x (4) (i)=d (1) (4i), x (5) (i)=d(1) (4i+1), x (6) (i)=d (2) (4i+2), x (7) (i)=d (3) (4i+3). After de-mapping, the modulation symbol corresponding to codeword 0 can be denoted as: The modulation symbol corresponding to codeword 1 can be denoted as:

[0203] (2-5) Demodulation: Demap the modulated symbol stream back to the bit sequence.

[0204] (2-6) Descrambling: The bit sequence is rearranged according to the scrambling sequence, so as to map it back to the bit order before scrambling.

[0205] (2-7) Code block segmentation: The descrambled bit sequence is divided into multiple CBs to adapt to the decoder processing.

[0206] (2-8) De-rate matching: The length of the bit sequence before encoding is restored by methods such as bit set deinterleaving, bit selection and bit deinterleaving mapping.

[0207] (2-9) Channel decoding: The decoder uses the corresponding channel decoding method, such as LDPC or polar decoding, to correct the transmitted error bits.

[0208] (2-10) Code block concatenation: The code blocks after channel decoding are concatenated together to form a large transport block, i.e., TB.

[0209] (2-11) CRC: Verifies TB according to a check algorithm to determine whether the received data is correct and complete. The check algorithm used by communication device 2 is the same as that used by communication device 1.

[0210] 2. Network requirements based on artificial intelligence (AI)

[0211] With the widespread research and application of large-scale AI models, these models are beginning to appear on various terminal devices, such as smartphones (or AI phones). AI phones bring three types of network demands. The first is that AI phones, using wireless uplink networks, are uploading training data to the cloud, estimated at 1GB / month, as shown in Figure 8. This includes status information, system data, images, and videos, totaling approximately 1GB / month. Currently, mobile phones use 2GB / month of uplink traffic; uploading AI phone training data to the cloud is expected to bring a 50% increase in mobile broadband (MBB) uplink traffic. The second type is near real-time intelligent services represented by "intelligent text" and "creative images." Intelligent text includes text proofreading / rewriting, email replies, email, message, and group chat summaries, and information filtering functions such as priority notifications and delayed notifications. Creative images include intelligent image editing, intelligent video editing, and image generation based on descriptions and suggestions. This second type requires smartphones to use wireless uplink networks to transmit relevant materials to the cloud, utilizing large-scale models in the cloud to implement related functions. Such services often require near real-time transmission latency in the thousands of seconds and transmission rates of tens of Mbps. The third category is real-time intelligent interaction represented by "voice" and "environmental context." This type of service requires smartphones to transmit voice messages, or photos and videos that reflect the "environmental context," to the cloud via a wireless uplink network. The cloud then uses large-scale models to generate responses for human interaction. Taking real-time upload as an example, this type of service requires a real-time transmission latency of tens of milliseconds and a transmission rate of tens of Mbps.

[0212] The current network uplink capacity can meet the requirements of Type I and Type II networks. However, when it comes to the Type III intelligent real-time interaction requirements, which demand high speed and low latency for uplink experience assurance, the current network uplink capacity cannot meet these requirements, resulting in a performance gap (GAP). Firstly, limited uplink coverage is one of the reasons for the performance GAP. For example, when aiming for a 20Mbps@15ms@99% uplink experience assurance requirement, based on a 6GHz carrier frequency and with a downlink to uplink time slot ratio of 4:1, 35% of users experience coverage limitations, as shown in Figure 9.

[0213] Meanwhile, autonomous driving is gradually gaining widespread attention across society, with the following main network requirements: 1. Downlink primarily involves control signaling, with relatively low traffic. 2. Safety monitoring: At least one camera (1-2M 720 / 1080p) must be uploaded during operation. One cloud-based safety officer manages 5-10 vehicles, polling each vehicle and selecting one to switch to uploading data from 4-6 cameras. The daily upload bitrate is approximately 6.5Mbps. In case of anomalies, it is necessary to urgently retrieve all data from the vehicle's cameras within 2-3 minutes before and after the anomaly, which will increase the network upload speed requirement to approximately 20Mbps (6.5*3). 3. Remote control: The vehicle-side uploads 4-6 external images (2-5 megapixels) in real time and supports low-latency remote control. The bandwidth requirement is also estimated at 20Mbps, and the latency requirement is audio-visual synchronization, similar to remote control scenarios. For example, the requirement for unmanned mining trucks in open-pit mines is 30ms. If the vehicle speed is higher, the latency requirement should be even lower than 30ms. 4. Autonomous Driving Data Backhaul: During normal operation, the main data backhaul is abnormal / log data, approximately 20GB-30GB / day / vehicle. Real-time transmission is not required, and data is backhauled at night. The uplink network requirements, such as 20Mbps, also pose a challenge to the existing network.

[0214] It can be seen that for future connected vehicle services and intelligent agent services (such as AI mobile phones, AI assistant devices, AI intelligent robots, etc.), such as vehicle network services, in-vehicle entertainment services, and intelligent agent uplink services, the requirements for speed, latency and reliability are higher. Future communication networks need to support lower transmission latency, more reliable communication transmission, and higher throughput.

[0215] 3. Sub-belt duplex

[0216] To improve network uplink coverage, subband duplexing introduced by 3GPP can be used. Subband duplexing can be understood as carving out a sub-band within the TDD carrier, such as 40MHz or 80MHz (called a subband). Compared to other frequency bands of the TDD carrier, the downlink and uplink time slot ratio is changed on this subband, for example, all slots are changed to uplink, as shown in Figure 10.

[0217] To improve uplink coverage, one approach is to use repeated data transmission, such as repeatedly transmitting uplink data on all available uplink resources, i.e., data time-domain repetition, as shown in Figure 11. With the help of sub-band duplex, uplink resources can be increased by 5 times, enabling 5 repeated transmissions of uplink data, which theoretically brings a 7dB coverage improvement.

[0218] To improve uplink coverage, as another implementation method, a lower modulation and coding scheme (MCS) can be used for data transmission. For example, different uplink data can be transmitted over different uplink resources, but all uplink data use a lower MCS, i.e., the data time domain varies, as shown in Figure 11.

[0219] In addition to coverage challenges, the demands for high-speed, low-latency uplink performance guarantees for intelligent real-time interaction present interference challenges to current network capabilities. For example, taking Figure 12 as an example, considering only a single user, using subband duplex, only 10Mbps@15ms@99% uplink performance can be achieved. Subband duplex can solve the coverage problem, thereby improving network capabilities and meeting the 20Mbps@15ms@99% uplink performance guarantee requirement. However, when the number of users increases, interference between users prevents the network from meeting the 20Mbps@15ms@99% uplink performance guarantee requirement for multiple users, potentially only achieving 15Mbps@15ms@99% performance.

[0220] It can be seen that, in addition to coverage issues, interference has become one of the key factors in user satisfaction. Interference suppression solutions need to be strengthened to ensure that more users can meet the uplink experience requirements.

[0221] 4. Multi-user spatial multiplexing

[0222] Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) or massive MIMO technologies can be used to achieve multi-user multiplexing through spatial division, as shown in Figure 13. Network equipment (such as base stations) can instruct different transmit spatial precoding for different users. Simultaneously, different spatial equalization coefficients are designed for different users at the receiver. Through transmit spatial precoding and receive equalization coefficients, interference between users can be suppressed to a certain extent.

[0223] In some embodiments, multi-user spatial multiplexing (MSD) makes a trade-off between signal strength and interference according to certain rules. As shown in Figure 14, if maximizing the signal reception power of the terminal device (e.g., UE1) is desired, then precoding P1 should be transmitted. However, if interference between different terminal devices (e.g., UE1 and UE2) is considered, precoding P2 might be transmitted instead. Therefore, while MSD can suppress interference in the spatial domain, it also sacrifices signal strength to some extent. Especially when two terminal devices are spatially close, the effect of MSD is not ideal.

[0224] 5. Code division in the time domain

[0225] Building upon subband duplexing to achieve data redundancy and improve coverage, to address inter-user interference, repeated data transmission can be used. Building upon multi-user spatial multiplexing, code division in the time domain further reduces interference when reusing the same resources. As shown in Figure 15, assuming two terminal devices (UE1 and UE2) both use a 3:2 downlink and uplink time slot ratio to achieve two repeated transmissions of uplink data, and assuming UE1's uplink data is S1 and UE2's uplink data is S2. Taking orthogonal cover code (OCC) as an example, UE1 uses OCC code. UE2 uses OCC code Reusing the same time-frequency resources. Assume that the channel from UE1 to the network device (e.g., gNB1) is H1, and the channel from UE2 to gNB1 is H2, and assume that the two channels remain unchanged in the uplink time slot. Further assume that the received signals of gNB1 in the two uplink time slots are Y1 and Y2. By using the orthogonal OCC codes between UE1 and UE2, adding formula (1) and formula (2) can eliminate the interference of UE2 and obtain the data set of UE1. Similarly, subtracting formula (1) and formula (2) can eliminate the interference of UE1 and obtain the interference of UE2.

[0226] The two formulas above satisfy the following:

[0227] As shown in formulas (1) and (2) above, the code division method can completely eliminate inter-user interference and thus suppress interference when the channel time is constant. However, when the channel is time-varying and / or the system has time-frequency offset, it cannot completely eliminate interference. For example, suppose the channel from UE1 to gNB1 has two time slots, H11 and H12 respectively. Similarly, the channel from UE2 to gNB1 has two time slots, H21 and H22 respectively. In this case, the received signals Y1 and Y2 of gNB1 in the two uplink time slots can be re-expressed as formulas (3) and (4). Obviously, due to the time-varying channel, adding formulas (3) and (4) cannot eliminate the interference of UE2, and subtracting formulas (3) and (4) cannot eliminate the interference of UE1.

[0228] Among them, the above two formulas satisfy: Y1=H11*S1+H21*S2 Formula (3) Y2=H12*S1-H22*S2 Formula (4)

[0229] In summary, when at least two communication devices communicate through the same time domain resources, there is a certain amount of interference between the two communication devices, which affects the transmission performance.

[0230] In view of this, this application provides a communication method. This method can be applied to systems shown in Figures 1, 2, 3a, 3b, or 3c, etc. The method includes:

[0231] The first modulation symbol is processed by the first vector to obtain the second modulation symbol. The first vector is an element of the first matrix. The first matrix indicates the channel characteristics of the first channel in at least two time units. The first channel is the channel between the first communication device and the first network device.

[0232] The second modulation symbol is subjected to a first process to obtain a first signal. The first process includes spatial precoding.

[0233] In the first time unit, a first signal is transmitted through a first channel, and the first time unit includes at least two time units.

[0234] In other words, in the physical layer processing flow for the first modulation symbol, the first modulation symbol is processed by a first vector to obtain the second modulation symbol. The processing by the first vector causes a change in the phase of the first modulation symbol. The second modulation symbol is then processed again to obtain a first signal, which is transmitted through the first channel in the first time unit. Because the phase of the first modulation signal changes, the phase difference between the first modulation symbol and the modulation symbols of other communication devices also changes, enhancing anti-interference capabilities and reducing interference between different communication devices, thereby improving transmission performance.

[0235] The communication method proposed in this application embodiment will now be described in detail with reference to Figure 16. The communication method 1600 proposed in this application embodiment includes the following operations:

[0236] S1601. The first communication device processes the first modulation symbol using a first vector to obtain the second modulation symbol.

[0237] For example, the first communication device uses a first vector to perform time-domain precoding on the first modulation symbol to obtain the second modulation symbol. This time-domain precoding can also be described as time-domain spread precoding.

[0238] The first communication device may be a terminal device as shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3a, Figure 3b or Figure 3c.

[0239] Wherein, the first vector is an element of the first matrix, and the first matrix indicates the channel characteristics of the first channel over at least two time units (e.g., the first vector indicates the channel characteristics of the first channel over a first time unit), and the first channel is the channel between the first communication device and the first network device. The first network device may be a network device as shown in Figures 1, 2, 3a, 3b, or 3c.

[0240] Optionally, the number of elements in the first matrix is ​​related to the number of time units corresponding to the first matrix. Specifically, the first matrix includes at least two elements, and the different elements of the first matrix indicate the channel characteristics of the first channel in different time units. For example, the first matrix includes a first vector and a second vector, where the first vector indicates the channel characteristics of the first channel in a first time unit, and the second vector indicates the channel characteristics of the first channel in a second time unit. The different elements of the first matrix can be the same or different. For example, the first vector and the second vector can be the same or different.

[0241] Taking Figure 17 as an example, in uplink transmission, at least two time units include 5 time slots, denoted as time slot 1 to time slot 5. The first channel is H1. The first matrix is ​​matrix 1, which includes 5 elements, denoted as [P 11 P 12 P 13 P 14 P 15 ]. Among them, P 11 Indicates the channel characteristics of the first channel H1 in time slot 1, P 12 Indicates the channel characteristics of the first channel H1 in time slot 2, P 13 Indicates the channel characteristics of the first channel H1 in time slot 3, P 14 Indicates the channel characteristics of the first channel H1 in time slot 4, P 15 This indicates the channel characteristics of the first channel H1 in time slot 5. The first vector is P. 11 The first time unit is time slot 1. The information bits corresponding to the first modulation symbol are denoted as S1.

[0242] Taking Figure 18 as an example, in uplink transmission, the first matrix corresponds to at least two time units, including five time units.

[0243] The first matrix consists of 5 elements, denoted as... in, Indicates the channel characteristics of the first channel H1 in time unit 1. Indicates the channel characteristics of the first channel H1 in time unit 2. Indicates the channel characteristics of the first channel H1 in time unit 3. Indicates the channel characteristics of the first channel H1 in time unit 4. This indicates the channel characteristics of the first channel H1 in time unit 5. The first vector is... The first time unit is a vector. The time unit corresponding to the box. The information bits corresponding to the first modulation symbol are denoted as S. 1 .

[0244] Optionally, the elements in the first matrix are complex vectors to adjust the phase of the modulation symbol, or to adjust both the amplitude and phase of the modulation symbol. For example, the first vector is a complex vector, denoted as a+bj. Further, the elements in the first matrix have a magnitude of 1, thereby changing the phase of the modulation symbol while keeping the amplitude unchanged. For example, the magnitude of the first vector is 1.

[0245] It should be understood that in this application, a time unit (such as the first time unit mentioned above) includes one of the following: a time slot group, a time slot, a sub-time slot, a symbol, or a symbol group. That is, a time unit (such as the first time unit mentioned above) includes one or more time slot groups, or one or more time slots, or one or more symbol groups, or one or more symbols. A symbol can also be described as an OFDM symbol; both have the same meaning. In this application, symbols are used as an example for explanation. Symbols and time slots can be found in the relevant 3GPP technical specifications and will not be elaborated further.

[0246] It should be understood that in this application, the first matrix may also be described in other ways, such as a first precoding matrix, a first time-domain opcoding matrix, or a first time-domain spreading precoding (TS Precoding) matrix, etc. In this application, the first matrix will be used as an example for description.

[0247] It should be understood that in this application, the first matrix is ​​a matrix configured by the first network device for the first communication device, as detailed in Figure 27, which will not be elaborated here.

[0248] Optionally, the second modulation symbol satisfies:

[0249] Where, x (l) (i) represents the second modulation symbol, and l represents the transmission layer corresponding to the second modulation symbol. This indicates the number of modulation symbols in the transmission layer corresponding to the second modulation symbol. d (l) (ki+a) represents the first modulation symbol, where k is a positive integer and a = 0, 1, ..., k-1. Let represent the first vector.

[0250] For example, taking 2 codewords and 8 transport layers as an example, the processed data is shown in Table 4:

[0251] Table 4

[0252] As shown in Table 4, each modulation symbol is multiplied by a vector, thereby changing the phase of the modulation symbol, or changing the amplitude and phase of the modulation symbol.

[0253] Optionally, in this application, the first matrix and the second matrix are orthogonal. The second matrix indicates the channel characteristics of the second channel over the aforementioned at least two time units, and the second channel is the channel between the second communication device and the first network device. The second communication device may be a terminal device as shown in Figures 1, 2, 3a, 3b, or 3c.

[0254] Taking Figure 17 as an example, in uplink transmission, at least two time units include 5 time slots, denoted as time slot 1 to time slot 5. The second channel is H2. The second matrix is ​​matrix 2, which includes 5 elements, denoted as [P 21 P 22 P 23 P 24 P 25 ]. Among them, P 21 Indicates the channel characteristics of the second channel H2 in time slot 1, P 22 Indicates the channel characteristics of the second channel H2 in time slot 2, P 23 Indicates the channel characteristics of the second channel H2 in time slot 3, P 24 Indicates the channel characteristics of the second channel H2 in time slot 4, P 25 This indicates the channel characteristics of the second channel H2 in time slot 5. The information bits corresponding to the modulation symbols transmitted on the second channel are denoted as S2.

[0255] Taking Figure 18 as an example, in uplink transmission, the second matrix corresponds to at least two time units, including five time units.

[0256] The second matrix consists of 5 elements, denoted as... in, Indicates the channel characteristics of the second channel H2 in time unit 1. Indicates the channel characteristics of the second channel H2 in time unit 2. Indicates the channel characteristics of the second channel H2 in time unit 3. Indicates the channel characteristics of the second channel H2 in time unit 4. This indicates the channel characteristics of the second channel H2 in time unit 5. The information bits corresponding to the modulation symbols transmitted on the second channel are denoted as S. 2 .

[0257] Optionally, the elements in the second matrix are complex vectors. Further, the elements in the second matrix have a modulus of 1.

[0258] It should be understood that in this application, the second matrix may also be described in other ways, such as a second precoding matrix, a second time-domain opcoding matrix, or a second time-domain spreading precoding (TS Precoding) matrix, etc. In this application, the second matrix will be used as an example for description.

[0259] It should be understood that in this application, the second matrix is ​​a matrix configured by the first network device for the second communication device, as detailed in Figure 27, which will not be elaborated here.

[0260] It should be understood that in this application, the first channel and the second channel are channels on the same time domain resources, such as channels on the same time unit. Optionally, the first channel and the second channel can be channels on the same frequency domain resources, or channels on different frequency domain resources.

[0261] For the first communication device, after determining the second modulation symbol, it executes S1602:

[0262] S1602, The first communication device performs a first processing on the second modulation symbol to obtain a first signal.

[0263] The first process includes spatial precoding, which can be performed during the BF process or described as a precoder. Optionally, the first process also includes resource mapping and signal generation, as shown in Figure 4, which will not be elaborated further.

[0264] Taking Figure 17 as an example, the first signal can be signal 1.

[0265] S1603. The first communication device sends a first signal to the first network device through a first channel in the first time unit. Correspondingly, the first network device receives the first signal from the first communication device through the first channel in the first time unit.

[0266] The first time unit is included in at least two time units.

[0267] Taking Figure 17 as an example, the first time unit is time slot 1. Taking Figure 18 as an example, the first time unit is P. 1 The time unit where 1 is located.

[0268] For the first network device, after receiving the first signal, it executes S1604:

[0269] S1604. The first network device performs a second processing on the first signal to obtain a second modulation symbol.

[0270] The second process includes despatial precoding, and optionally also signal demodulation and deresource mapping, as described in Figure 6, which will not be repeated here.

[0271] S1605. The first network device processes the second modulation symbol using the first vector to obtain the first modulation symbol.

[0272] For example, the first network device uses a first vector to perform time-domain precoding on the second modulation symbol to obtain the first modulation symbol. This time-domain precoding can also be described as time-domain spread precoding.

[0273] The first vector is an element of the first matrix, which can be found in the introduction of S1601 and will not be repeated here.

[0274] In other words, after processing the first vector, the phase of the first modulation symbol can be changed. Then, the second modulation symbol is processed to obtain the first signal, which is transmitted through the first channel in the first time unit. Since the phase of the first modulation signal changes, the phase difference between the first modulation symbol and the modulation symbols of other communication devices can also change, thereby enhancing the anti-interference capability, reducing interference between different communication devices, and improving transmission performance.

[0275] Furthermore, since the first matrix (e.g., matrix 1) and the second matrix (e.g., matrix 2) are orthogonal, and the first matrix is ​​used to change the phase of the modulation symbol of the first communication device, while the second matrix is ​​used to change the phase of the modulation symbol of the second communication device, so that the phase difference between the modulation symbols of the first and second communication devices changes (e.g., a phase difference of 90°), orthogonality is achieved. Therefore, even if the first channel (e.g., channel H1) and the second channel (e.g., channel H2) are channels on the same time domain resources, the signals transmitted on the first and second channels can be separated in the Doppler domain, thereby reducing interference, as shown in Figure 17.

[0276] In some embodiments, for the first communication device side, the first modulation symbol can be a modulation symbol before layer mapping or a modulation symbol after layer mapping. The following describes two implementation methods (Implement 1 and Implement 2):

[0277] In implementation method 1, temporal spread precoding is performed before layer mapping.

[0278] In other words, the process involves first modulation mapping, then temporal spreading precoding, and then layer mapping, as shown in Figure 19.

[0279] In Implementation 1, after the first communication device acquires the codeword (such as CW0 or CW1), it sequentially performs channel coding, modulation, time-domain spread precoding, layer mapping, spatial precoding, resource element mapping (RE mapping), and OFDM signal generation to obtain the first signal, which is then transmitted through the first channel.

[0280] Taking Figure 19 as an example, the operations performed by the first communication device include:

[0281] Step 1a: The first communication device performs channel coding on CW0 or CW1.

[0282] Step 2a: The first communication device performs modulation. For example, the first communication device modulates the channel-coded bits to obtain one or more modulation symbols. Among them, the one or more modulation symbols include the first modulation symbol.

[0283] Step 3a: The first communication device performs time-domain spreading precoding. For example, the first communication device performs time-domain spreading precoding on each modulation symbol, thereby changing the phase of each modulation symbol, or changing the amplitude and phase of each modulation symbol. The modulation symbols that have undergone time-domain spreading precoding include the second modulation symbol.

[0284] Step 4a: The first communication device performs layer mapping. For example, the first communication device performs layer mapping on each modulation symbol, thereby mapping one or more modulation symbols to different transmission layers. The modulation symbols targeted by the layer mapping operation are those that have undergone time-domain spread precoding. The modulation symbols targeted by the layer mapping operation include the second modulation symbol.

[0285] Step 5a: The first communication device performs precoding. For example, the first communication device uses a spatial precoding matrix to precode each modulation symbol. Here, the precoding in step 5a refers to spatial precoding.

[0286] Step 6a: The first communication device performs resource unit mapping.

[0287] Step 7a: The first communication device performs OFDM signal generation.

[0288] Based on the description of steps 1a-7a above, S1601 includes step 3a. That is, after executing S1601 (i.e., processing the first modulation symbol using the first vector to obtain the second modulation symbol) and before executing S1602 (i.e., performing the first processing on the second modulation symbol to obtain the first signal), the following operation is also performed: mapping the second modulation symbol to the first transmission layer, as described in step 4a. Here, performing the first processing on the second modulation symbol to obtain the first signal can be understood as: performing the first processing on the second modulation symbol mapped to the first transmission layer to obtain the first signal, as described in steps 5a-7a, and will not be repeated here.

[0289] In implementation method 2, temporal spread precoding is performed after layer mapping.

[0290] In other words, the process involves first modulation mapping, then layer mapping, and then temporal spread precoding, as shown in Figure 20.

[0291] In Implementation 2, after the first communication device acquires the codeword (such as CW0 or CW1), it sequentially performs channel coding, modulation, layer mapping, time-domain spread precoding, spatial-domain precoding, resource element mapping (RE mapping), and OFDM signal generation to obtain the first signal, which is then transmitted through the first channel.

[0292] Taking Figure 20 as an example, the operations performed by the first communication device include:

[0293] Step 1b: The first communication device performs channel coding on CW0 or CW1.

[0294] Step 2b: The first communication device performs modulation. For example, the first communication device modulates the channel-coded bits to obtain one or more modulation symbols. Among them, the one or more modulation symbols include the first modulation symbol.

[0295] Step 3b: The first communication device performs layer mapping. For example, the first communication device performs layer mapping on each modulation symbol, thereby mapping one or more modulation symbols to different transmission layers. The modulation symbols targeted by the layer mapping are those that have not undergone time-domain spread precoding. The modulation symbols targeted by the layer mapping include the first modulation symbol.

[0296] Step 4b: The first communication device performs time-domain spreading precoding. For example, the first communication device performs time-domain spreading precoding on each modulation symbol mapped to the transport layer, thereby changing the phase of each modulation symbol, or changing the amplitude and phase of each modulation symbol. The modulation symbols that have undergone time-domain spreading precoding include the second modulation symbol.

[0297] Step 5b: The first communication device performs precoding. For example, the first communication device uses a spatial precoding matrix to precode each modulation symbol. Here, the precoding in step 5b refers to spatial precoding.

[0298] Step 6b: The first communication device performs resource unit mapping.

[0299] Step 7b: The first communication device performs OFDM signal generation.

[0300] Based on the description of steps 1b-7b above, S1601 includes step 4b. That is, before executing S1601 (i.e., processing the first modulation symbol using the first vector to obtain the second modulation symbol), the following operation is performed: mapping the first modulation symbol to the first transmission layer, as described in step 3b. Processing the first modulation symbol using the first vector to obtain the second modulation symbol can be understood as: processing the first modulation symbol mapped to the first transmission layer using the first vector to obtain the second modulation symbol, as described in step 4b, and will not be repeated here.

[0301] In some embodiments, for the first network device side, the second modulation symbol can be the modulation symbol before de-mapping or the modulation symbol after de-mapping.

[0302] Corresponding to Implementation 1, if temporal spreading precoding is performed before layer mapping on the first communication device side, then detemporal spreading precoding is performed after layer mapping on the first network device side.

[0303] In other words, first de-map the layers, then de-map the temporal spread precoding, and then modulate the mapping, as shown in Figure 21.

[0304] In Implementation 1, after receiving the signal, the first network device sequentially performs OFDM signal demodulation, de-resource unit mapping, de-precoding, de-layer mapping, de-temporal spread precoding, demodulation, and channel decoding to obtain codewords (such as CW0 or CW1).

[0305] Taking Figure 21 as an example, the operations performed by the first network device include:

[0306] Step 1c: The first network device demodulates the received signal using OFDM.

[0307] Step 2c: The first network device performs de-resource unit mapping.

[0308] Step 3c: The second communication device performs deprecoding. For example, the first network device uses a spatial precoding matrix for deprecoding to obtain one or more modulation symbols. The deprecoded modulation symbols are located at each transmission layer. The deprecoded modulation symbols include the second modulation symbol. In step 3c, deprecoding refers to despatial precoding.

[0309] Step 4c: The second communication device performs de-layer mapping. For example, the first network device performs parallel-to-serial conversion on modulation symbols from different transmission layers through de-layer mapping to obtain a modulation symbol stream. The modulation symbol stream includes one or more modulation symbols, and includes a second modulation symbol.

[0310] Step 5c: The second communication device performs de-time-domain spread precoding. For example, the first network device performs de-time-domain spread precoding on each modulation symbol to recover the phase of each modulation symbol, or to recover the amplitude and phase of each modulation symbol. The modulation symbols targeted by the de-time-domain spread precoding operation include the second modulation symbol. The modulation symbols after the de-time-domain spread precoding operation include the first modulation symbol.

[0311] Step 6c: The second communication device performs demodulation. For example, the first network device demodulates each modulation symbol to obtain multiple bits.

[0312] Step 7c: The second communication device performs channel decoding. For example, the first network device performs channel decoding on multiple bits to obtain one or more codewords, such as CW0 or CW1.

[0313] Based on the description of steps 1c-7c above, in S1604, the first signal undergoes a second processing to obtain a second modulation symbol, including: performing a second processing on the first signal to obtain a second modulation symbol located in the first transmission layer, as described in steps 1c-3c, which will not be repeated here. Furthermore, after executing S1604 (i.e., performing a second processing on the first signal to obtain a second modulation symbol located in the first transmission layer) and before executing S1605 (i.e., processing the second modulation symbol using a first vector to obtain a first modulation symbol), the following operation is also included: obtaining the second modulation symbol from the first transmission layer through de-mapping, as described in step 4c, which will not be repeated here.

[0314] Corresponding to Implementation 2, if temporal spread precoding is performed after layer mapping on the first communication device side, then detemporal spread precoding is performed before delayer mapping on the first network device side.

[0315] In other words, the temporal spread precoding is decoded first, then the layer mapping is decoded, and then the modulation mapping is decoded, as shown in Figure 22.

[0316] In Implementation 2, after receiving the signal, the first network device sequentially performs OFDM signal demodulation, de-resource unit mapping, de-precoding, de-temporal spread precoding, de-layer mapping, demodulation, and channel decoding to obtain codewords (such as CW0 or CW1).

[0317] Taking Figure 22 as an example, the operations performed by the first network device include:

[0318] Step 1d: The first network device demodulates the received signal using OFDM.

[0319] Step 2d: The first network device performs the de-resource unit mapping.

[0320] Step 3d: The second communication device performs deprecoding. For example, the first network device uses a spatial precoding matrix for deprecoding to obtain one or more modulation symbols. The deprecoded modulation symbols are located in different transmission layers. The deprecoded modulation symbols include the second modulation symbol. In step 3c, deprecoding refers to despatial precoding.

[0321] Step 4d: The second communication device performs de-time-domain spread precoding. For example, the first network device performs de-time-domain spread precoding on each modulation symbol to recover the phase of each modulation symbol, or to recover the amplitude and phase of each modulation symbol. The modulation symbols targeted by the de-time-domain spread precoding operation include the second modulation symbol. The modulation symbols after the de-time-domain spread precoding operation include the first modulation symbol located in the first transmission layer.

[0322] Step 5d: The second communication device performs de-layer mapping. For example, the first network device performs parallel-to-serial conversion on modulation symbols from different transmission layers through de-layer mapping to obtain a modulation symbol stream. The modulation symbol stream includes one or more modulation symbols, including a first modulation symbol.

[0323] Step 6d: The second communication device performs demodulation. For example, the first network device demodulates each modulation symbol to obtain multiple bits.

[0324] Step 7d: The second communication device performs channel decoding. For example, the first network device performs channel decoding on multiple bits to obtain one or more codewords, such as CW0 or CW1.

[0325] Based on the above description of steps 1d-7d, in S1605, the second modulation symbol is processed by the first vector to obtain the first modulation symbol, including: processing the second modulation symbol by the first vector to obtain the second modulation symbol located in the first transmission layer, and obtaining the first modulation symbol from the first transmission layer through de-layer mapping. Please refer to the description of steps 4d and 5d, which will not be repeated here.

[0326] In some embodiments, for the first communication device side, the first communication device can transmit signals on at least two time units. The at least two time units include a first time unit and a second time unit. The transmission of the first signal on the first time unit is described in S1601-S1605 and will not be repeated here. The transmission of the second signal on the second time unit is shown in S1611-S1615 of FIG23:

[0327] S1611. The first communication device uses the second vector to process the third modulation symbol to obtain the fourth modulation symbol.

[0328] For example, the first communication device uses the second vector to perform time-domain precoding on the third modulation symbol to obtain the fourth modulation symbol. This time-domain precoding can also be described as time-domain spread precoding.

[0329] The second vector is an element of the first matrix, and the second vector indicates the channel characteristics of the first channel in the second time unit.

[0330] Optionally, the third modulation symbol corresponds to the same information as the first modulation symbol, or the third modulation symbol corresponds to the same information bits as the first modulation symbol. That is, the first communication device performs repeated transmissions on at least two time units.

[0331] Taking Figure 17 as an example, the second vector is P. 12 The second time unit is time slot 2. The information bits corresponding to the third modulation symbol are denoted as S1, and are the same as the information bits corresponding to the first modulation symbol.

[0332] Taking Figure 18 as an example, the second vector is The second time unit is a vector. The time unit corresponding to the box. The information bits corresponding to the third modulation symbol are denoted as S. 1 It is the same as the information bit corresponding to the first modulation symbol.

[0333] It should be understood that in this application, the information corresponding to the third modulation symbol and the first modulation symbol may also be different, and this is not limited.

[0334] Optionally, the second vector is a complex vector, such as denoted as a+bj, thereby changing the phase of the third modulation symbol, or changing the amplitude and phase of the third modulation symbol. Further, the magnitude of the second vector is 1, thereby changing the phase of the third modulation symbol while the amplitude of the third modulation symbol remains unchanged.

[0335] For the first communication device, after determining the fourth modulation symbol, it executes S1612:

[0336] S1612. The first communication device performs a first processing on the fourth modulation symbol to obtain the second signal.

[0337] The first process includes spatial precoding, and optionally, resource mapping and signal generation, as described in Figure 4, which will not be repeated here.

[0338] S1613. In the second time unit, the first communication device sends a second signal to the first network device through the first channel. Correspondingly, in the second time unit, the first network device receives the second signal from the first communication device through the first channel.

[0339] The second signal and the first signal may be the same or different in the frequency domain.

[0340] For the first network device, after receiving the second signal, it executes S1614:

[0341] S1614. The first network device performs a second processing on the second signal to obtain a fourth modulation symbol.

[0342] The second process includes despatial precoding and deresource mapping, which can be seen in Figure 6 and will not be repeated here.

[0343] S1615. The first network device uses the second vector to process the fourth modulation symbol to obtain the third modulation symbol.

[0344] For example, the first network device uses the second vector to perform time-domain precoding on the fourth modulation symbol to obtain the third modulation symbol. This time-domain precoding can also be described as time-domain spread precoding.

[0345] The second vector is an element of the first matrix, as can be found in the description of S1611, which will not be repeated here.

[0346] In other words, the first communication device can improve coverage performance by transmitting signals generated based on the same information at different time units through repeated transmission.

[0347] In some embodiments, for the first communication device side, the first communication device can transmit multiple signals in the same time unit. These multiple signals include a first signal and a second signal. The transmission of the first signal in the first time unit is described in S1601-S1605, and will not be repeated here. The transmission of the second signal in the second time unit is shown in S1621-S1625 of FIG24:

[0348] S1621. The first communication device processes the fifth modulation symbol using the first vector to obtain the sixth modulation symbol.

[0349] For example, the first communication device uses a first vector to perform time-domain precoding on the fifth modulation symbol to obtain the sixth modulation symbol. This time-domain precoding can also be described as time-domain spread precoding.

[0350] The first vector is an element of the first matrix, and the first vector indicates the channel characteristics of the first channel in the first time unit. See the introduction of S1601 for details, which will not be repeated here.

[0351] Optionally, the fifth modulation symbol corresponds to different information than the first modulation symbol. For example, the first communication device performs repeated transmissions on at least two time units. Here, the first and fifth modulation symbols correspond to different parts of the same information. Alternatively, it can be understood that the fifth modulation symbol and the first modulation symbol correspond to information bits at different positions in the transmitted information sequence.

[0352] Taking Figure 17 as an example, the information bits corresponding to the first and fifth modulation symbols are denoted as S1, but the first and fifth modulation symbols correspond to different parts of the information bit S1. For example, the first modulation symbol corresponds to the first half of the information bit S1, and the fifth symbol corresponds to the second half of the information bit S1.

[0353] It should be understood that the information corresponding to the fifth modulation symbol and the first modulation symbol can also be the same, and this is not limited.

[0354] For the first communication device, after determining the sixth modulation symbol, it executes S1622:

[0355] S1622. The first communication device performs first processing on the sixth modulation symbol to obtain the third signal.

[0356] The first process includes spatial precoding, and optionally, resource mapping and signal generation, as described in Figure 4, which will not be repeated here.

[0357] S1623. The first communication device transmits a third signal to the first network device through a first channel in the first time unit. Correspondingly, the first network device receives the third signal from the first communication device through the first channel in the first time unit.

[0358] The third signal differs from the first signal in the frequency domain. For example, the third signal and the first signal occupy different resource blocks (RBs).

[0359] For the first network device, after receiving the third signal, it executes S1624:

[0360] S1624. The first network device performs a second processing on the third signal to obtain a sixth modulation symbol.

[0361] The second process includes despatial precoding and deresource mapping, which can be seen in Figure 6 and will not be described again.

[0362] S1625. The first network device processes the sixth modulation symbol using the first vector to obtain the fifth modulation symbol.

[0363] For example, the first network device uses a first vector to perform time-domain precoding on the sixth modulation symbol to obtain the fifth modulation symbol. This time-domain precoding can also be described as time-domain spread precoding.

[0364] The first vector is an element of the first matrix, which can be found in the description of S1621 and will not be repeated here.

[0365] In other words, signals generated by different modulation symbols can be transmitted within a single time unit. Furthermore, different modulation symbols corresponding to the same time unit can be precoded in the time domain using the same vector (such as the first vector), thereby changing the phase of the modulation symbol and thus changing the phase difference of the modulation symbols of different communication devices. This enhances the anti-interference capability and reduces interference between different communication devices.

[0366] Based on the above introduction, for the first matrix, for a modulation symbol of a transmission layer, the following formula (6) is satisfied: x (l) =d (l) *p l

[0367] Where, x (l) x represents all the modulation symbols of a transport layer. (l) (0) represents the modulation symbol with index 0 in transport layer l, x (l) (1) represents the modulation symbol with index 1 in transport layer l, x (l) (2) represents the modulation symbol with index 2 in transport layer l. Indicates that the index in transport layer l is The modulation symbol, l represents the transmission layer. This indicates the number of modulation symbols in transmission layer l.

[0368] d (l) d represents all modulation symbols in a modulation symbol stream that are mapped to transport layer l. ( l ) (a) represents the modulation symbol with index a in a modulation symbol stream, d (l) (k+a) represents the modulation symbol with index k+a in a modulation symbol stream, d (l) (2k+a) represents the modulation symbol with index 2k+a in a modulation symbol stream. Indicates an index in a modulated symbol stream. The modulation symbol is k, where k is a positive integer and a = 0, 1, ..., k-1.

[0369] p l Describes the first matrix. This represents the channel characteristics of the first channel in time unit 1. This represents the channel characteristics of the first channel in time unit 2. This represents the channel characteristics of the first channel in time unit 3. This represents the channel characteristics of the first channel in time unit N, where N represents the number of time units corresponding to the first matrix.

[0370] It should be noted that, in this application, if the aforementioned time unit is an OFDM symbol, then the first matrix can be understood as an OFDM symbol-level matrix. If the aforementioned time unit is a time slot, then the first matrix can be understood as a time slot-level matrix.

[0371] Taking Figure 25 as an example, for the OFDM symbol-level matrix, one time slot includes 14 OFDM symbols, all used for data signal transmission, N=14. Taking transport layer 0 as an example, the vector corresponding to transport layer 0 can be understood as: This indicates the channel characteristics of the first channel on OFDM symbol 1. This represents the channel characteristics of the first channel on OFDM symbol 2. Indicates the channel characteristics of the first channel on OFDM symbol 3, ... This indicates the channel characteristics of the first channel on OFDM symbol 14.

[0372] exist In this case, it can be understood as different modulation symbols being multiplied by different elements, for example, modulation symbol x (l) (0) and element Multiplication, modulation symbol x (l) (1) with elements Multiplication, modulation symbol x (l) (2) with elements Multiplication, ..., modulation symbol x (l) (13) and elements Multiplication alters the phase of the modulation symbol, or changes the amplitude and phase of the modulation symbol.

[0373] The above describes the operations performed based on the first matrix, taking the first communication device as the sending end as an example.

[0374] The following section will introduce the operations performed based on the second matrix, taking the second communication device as the sending end as an example.

[0375] As shown in Figure 26, this application also includes the following operations:

[0376] S1631. The second communication device uses the third vector to process the seventh modulation symbol to obtain the eighth modulation symbol.

[0377] The second communication device can be a terminal device as shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3a, Figure 3b or Figure 3c.

[0378] The third vector is an element of the second matrix, which indicates the channel characteristics of the second channel over at least two time units (e.g., the third vector indicates the channel characteristics of the second channel over the first time unit). The second channel is the channel between the second communication device and the first network device. The first network device may be a network device as shown in Figures 1, 2, 3a, 3b, or 3c.

[0379] Optionally, the number of elements in the second matrix is ​​related to the number of time units corresponding to the second matrix. Specifically, the second matrix includes at least two elements, and the different elements of the second matrix indicate the channel characteristics of the second channel at different time units.

[0380] Taking Figure 17 as an example, in uplink transmission, at least two time units include 5 time slots, denoted as time slot 1 to time slot 5. The second channel is H2. The second matrix is ​​matrix 1, which includes 5 elements, denoted as [P 21 P 22 P 23 P 24 P 25 ]. Among them, P 21 Indicates the channel characteristics of the second channel H2 in time slot 1, P 22 Indicates the channel characteristics of the second channel H2 in time slot 2, P 23 Indicates the channel characteristics of the second channel H2 in time slot 3, P 24 Indicates the channel characteristics of the second channel H2 in time slot 4, P 25 This indicates the channel characteristics of the second channel H2 in time slot 5. The third vector is P. 21 The first time unit is time slot 1. The information bits corresponding to the seventh modulation symbol are denoted as S2.

[0381] Optionally, the elements in the second matrix are complex vectors to adjust the phase of the modulation symbol, or to adjust both the amplitude and phase of the modulation symbol. For example, the third vector is a complex vector, denoted as a+bj. Further, the elements in the second matrix have a magnitude of 1, thereby changing the phase of the modulation symbol while keeping the amplitude unchanged. For example, the magnitude of the third vector is 1.

[0382] For the second communication device, after determining the eighth modulation symbol, it executes S1632:

[0383] S1632, The second communication device performs a first processing on the eighth modulation symbol to obtain the fourth signal.

[0384] The first process includes spatial precoding, and optionally, resource mapping and signal generation, as described in Figure 4, which will not be repeated here.

[0385] Taking Figure 17 as an example, the fourth signal can be signal 2.

[0386] S1633. The second communication device transmits a fourth signal to the first network device via a second channel during the first time unit. Correspondingly, the first network device receives the fourth signal from the second communication device via the second channel during the first time unit.

[0387] The first time unit is included in at least two time units.

[0388] Taking Figure 17 as an example, the first time unit is time slot 1.

[0389] For the first network device, after receiving the fourth signal, it executes S1634:

[0390] S1634. The first network device performs a second processing on the fourth signal to obtain the eighth modulation symbol.

[0391] The second process includes despatial precoding, and optionally also signal demodulation and deresource mapping, as described in Figure 6, which will not be repeated here.

[0392] S1635. The first network device uses the third vector to process the eighth modulation symbol to obtain the seventh modulation symbol.

[0393] For example, the first network device uses the third vector to perform time-domain precoding on the eighth modulation symbol to obtain the seventh modulation symbol. This time-domain precoding can also be described as time-domain spread precoding.

[0394] The third vector is an element of the second matrix, which can be found in the introduction of S1631 and will not be repeated here.

[0395] In other words, since the first matrix (e.g., matrix 1) and the second matrix (e.g., matrix 2) are orthogonal, and the second matrix is ​​used to change the phase of the modulation symbol of the second communication device, such as changing the phase of the first modulation symbol, and the second matrix is ​​used to change the phase of the modulation symbol of the second communication device, such as changing the phase of the seventh modulation symbol, even if the first channel (e.g., channel H1) and the second channel (e.g., channel H2) are channels on the same time domain resources, the signals transmitted on the first channel and the second channel can be separated in the Doppler domain, thereby reducing interference, as shown in Figure 17.

[0396] It should be noted that in this application, the matrices (such as the first matrix and the second matrix) are configured by the first network device. The configuration process of the matrices (such as the first matrix and the second matrix) is described below:

[0397] As shown in Figure 27, this application includes the following operations:

[0398] S1641, The first network device sends first information to the first communication device. Correspondingly, the first communication device receives the first information from the first network device.

[0399] The first information indicates the first matrix. The first matrix indicates the channel characteristics of the first channel in at least two time units. The first channel is the channel between the first communication device and the first network device. The first matrix is ​​used by the first communication device to process the modulation symbols before performing spatial precoding. See the description of S1601 for details, which will not be repeated here.

[0400] For example, the first information may be carried in a radio resource control (RRC) message.

[0401] S1642, The first network device sends second information to the second communication device. Correspondingly, the second communication device receives the second information from the first network device.

[0402] The second information indicates the second matrix. The second matrix indicates the channel characteristics of the second channel in the above-mentioned at least two time units. The second channel is the channel between the second communication device and the first network device. The second matrix is ​​used by the second communication device to process the modulation symbols before performing spatial precoding. See the description in S1631 for details, which will not be repeated here.

[0403] For example, the second information can be carried in an RRC message.

[0404] It should be understood that, for the first network device, the first network device may execute S1641 first and then S1642, or it may execute S1642 first and then S1641, or it may execute S1641 and S1642 simultaneously.

[0405] Optionally, the first matrix and the second matrix are orthogonal, so that the signals transmitted on the first channel and the second channel do not interfere with each other.

[0406] For example, the first and second matrices are determined based on channel state information. As shown in Table 5, the specific process is as follows:

[0407] First, the first network device acquires channel state information, and then performs a spatial average on the channel state information. The channel state information includes channel state information from both the first and second communication devices.

[0408] For example, the channel state information of the first communication device in time unit k can be denoted as: exist In, i=1,2,…,N Tx j = 1, 2, ..., N Rx N Tx N represents the maximum number of transmitting antennas of the first communication device. Rx This indicates the maximum number of receiving antennas for the first communication device.

[0409] For example, the channel state information of the second communication device in time unit k can be denoted as: exist In, i=1,2,…,N Tx j = 1, 2, ..., N Rx N Tx N represents the maximum number of transmitting antennas of the second communication device. Rx This indicates the maximum number of receiving antennas for the second communication device. The spatial average can be replaced by averaging in both the spatial and frequency domains.

[0410] Secondly, the first network device determines the eigenvalues ​​of the covariance matrix. For example, taking five time units as an example, for the first channel between the first communication device and the first network device, the first network device performs an SVD process to determine the autocorrelation of the first channel. Similarly, for the second channel between the second communication device and the first network device, the first network device performs an SVD process to determine the autocorrelation of the second channel.

[0411] Next, the first network device performs zero-forcing (EZF) operation based on the eigenvalues ​​of the covariance matrix to obtain a first matrix and a second matrix. The first matrix can be denoted as... The second matrix can be denoted as...

[0412] Table 5

[0413] Optionally, the first network device can also communicate with more communication devices. In this case, the application further includes S1643:

[0414] S1643, The first network device sends third information to the third communication device. Correspondingly, the third communication device receives the third information from the first network device.

[0415] The third information indicates the third matrix. The third matrix indicates the channel characteristics of the third channel in at least two time units. The third channel is the channel between the third communication device and the first network device. The third matrix is ​​used by the third communication device to process the modulation symbols before performing spatial precoding, as described in S1631, and will not be repeated here. In other words, the first channel, the second channel, and the third channel are channels on the same time domain resources.

[0416] For example, third information can be carried in an RRC message.

[0417] Optionally, the third matrix is ​​orthogonal to the first matrix and to the second matrix, so that the signals transmitted on the first, second and third channels do not interfere with each other.

[0418] It is understood that, in the above embodiments, the methods and / or steps implemented by the first communication device can also be implemented by components (e.g., processors, chips, chip systems, circuits, logic modules, or software) that can be used in the first communication device; similarly, the methods and / or steps implemented by the first network device can also be implemented by components (e.g., processors, chips, chip systems, circuits, logic modules, or software) that can be used in the first network device. The chip system can be composed of chips, or it can include chips and other discrete devices.

[0419] It is understood that, in order to achieve the above-mentioned functions, the device (such as the first communication device or the first network device) includes hardware structures and / or software modules corresponding to the execution of each function. Those skilled in the art should readily recognize that, based on the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein, this application can be implemented in hardware or a combination of hardware and computer software. Whether a function is executed in hardware or by computer software driving hardware depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0420] This application embodiment can divide the device (such as the first communication device or the first network device) into functional modules according to the above method embodiment. For example, each function can be divided into a separate functional module, or two or more functions can be integrated into one processing module. The integrated module can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional module. It should be noted that the module division in this application embodiment is illustrative and only represents one logical functional division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods.

[0421] Figure 28 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a device 2800. The device 2800 includes a processing module 2801 and a transceiver module 2802. The device 2800 can be used to implement the functions of the first communication device or the first network device described above.

[0422] In some embodiments, the device 2800 further includes a storage module (not shown in FIG28) for storing program instructions and data.

[0423] In some embodiments, the transceiver module 2802, also referred to as a transceiver unit, is used to implement sending and / or receiving functions. The transceiver module 2802 may consist of a transceiver circuit, a transceiver, a transceiver unit, or a communication interface.

[0424] In some embodiments, the transceiver module 2802 may include a receiving module and a sending module, respectively configured to perform receiving and sending steps performed by the first communication device (or the first network device) in the above method embodiments, and / or other processes to support the technology described herein; the processing module 2801 may be configured to perform processing steps (e.g., determination) performed by the first communication device (or the first network device) in the above method embodiments, and / or other processes to support the technology described herein.

[0425] In one possible design, taking device 2800 as the first communication device in the above method embodiment as an example:

[0426] The processing module 2801 is used to process the first modulation symbol using a first vector to obtain a second modulation symbol. The first vector is an element of a first matrix, and the first matrix indicates the channel characteristics of the first channel in at least two time units. The first channel is the channel between the first communication device and the first network device.

[0427] The processing module 2801 is also used to perform a first processing on the second modulation symbol to obtain a first signal, the first processing including spatial precoding.

[0428] The transceiver module 2802 is used to transmit a first signal through a first channel in a first time unit, the first time unit being included in at least two time units.

[0429] In one possible design, taking device 2800 as the first network device in the above method embodiment as an example:

[0430] The transceiver module 2802 is used to send first information to the first communication device. The first information indicates a first matrix. The first matrix indicates the channel characteristics of the first channel in at least two time units. The first channel is the channel between the first communication device and the first network device. The first matrix is ​​used by the first communication device to process the modulation symbols before performing spatial precoding.

[0431] The transceiver module 2802 is also used to send second information to the second communication device. The second information indicates a second matrix. The second matrix indicates the channel characteristics of the second channel in at least two time units. The second channel is the channel between the second communication device and the first network device. The second matrix is ​​used by the second communication device to process the modulation symbols before performing spatial precoding.

[0432] The first and second information are generated by the processing module 2801.

[0433] All relevant content of each step involved in the above method embodiments can be referenced from the functional description of the corresponding functional module, and will not be repeated here.

[0434] Optionally, in this application, the transceiver module receiving / sending information can also be understood as the processing module receiving / sending information through the transceiver module. The processing module receiving / sending information through the transceiver module can also be understood as the processing module controlling the transceiver module to receive / send information. Alternatively, the processing module sending information through the transceiver module can be understood as the processing module outputting information to the transceiver module, which then sends that information; the processing module receiving information through the transceiver module can be understood as the transceiver module receiving information and inputting that information into the processing module.

[0435] In this application, the device 2800 can be presented in an integrated manner, divided into various functional modules. Here, "module" can refer to an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a circuit, a processor and memory that executes one or more software or firmware programs, integrated logic circuits, and / or other devices that can provide the above functions.

[0436] In some embodiments, when the device 2800 in FIG28 is a chip or chip system, the function / implementation process of the transceiver module 2802 can be implemented through the input / output interface (or communication interface) of the chip or chip system, and the function / implementation process of the processing module 2801 can be implemented through the processor (or processing circuit) of the chip or chip system.

[0437] Since the device 2800 provided in this embodiment can perform the above method, the technical effects it can achieve can be referred to the above method embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

[0438] As a possible product form, the first communication device or the first network device described in the embodiments of this application can also be implemented using one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), controllers, state machines, gate logic, discrete hardware components, any other suitable circuits, or any combination of circuits capable of performing the various functions described throughout this application.

[0439] As another possible product form, the first communication device or first network device described in this application embodiment can be implemented by a general bus architecture. For ease of explanation, refer to FIG29, which is a schematic diagram of the structure of device 2900 provided in this application embodiment. Device 2900 includes a processor 2901 and a transceiver 2902. Device 2900 can be a first communication device, or a chip or chip system therein; or, device 2900 can be a first network device, or a chip or chip system therein. FIG29 only shows the main components of device 2900. In addition to the processor 2901 and transceiver 2902, device 2900 may further include a memory 2903 and input / output devices (not shown in the figure).

[0440] Optionally, the processor 2901 is mainly used for processing communication protocols and communication data, controlling the entire device, executing software programs, and processing the data of the software programs. The memory 2903 is mainly used for storing software programs and data. The transceiver 2902 may include radio frequency (RF) circuitry and an antenna. The RF circuitry is mainly used for converting baseband signals to RF signals and processing RF signals. The antenna is mainly used for transmitting and receiving RF signals in the form of electromagnetic waves. Input / output devices, such as touchscreens, displays, and keyboards, are mainly used for receiving user input data and outputting data to the user.

[0441] Optionally, the processor 2901, transceiver 2902, and memory 2903 can be connected via a communication bus.

[0442] It should be noted that the memory 2903 can exist independently of the processor 2901, or it can be integrated with the processor 2901. The memory 2903 can be located inside or outside the device 2900, without restriction.

[0443] When the device is powered on, the processor 2901 can read the software program in the memory 2903, interpret and execute the instructions of the software program, and process the data of the software program. When data needs to be transmitted wirelessly, the processor 2901 performs baseband processing on the data to be transmitted and outputs the baseband signal to the radio frequency (RF) circuit. The RF circuit processes the baseband signal and transmits the RF signal outward in the form of electromagnetic waves through the antenna. When data is sent to the device, the RF circuit receives the RF signal through the antenna, converts the RF signal into a baseband signal, and outputs the baseband signal to the processor 2901. The processor 2901 converts the baseband signal into data and processes the data.

[0444] In another implementation, the radio frequency circuitry and antenna can be set up independently of the processor performing baseband processing. For example, in a distributed scenario, the radio frequency circuitry and antenna can be arranged remotely, independent of the device.

[0445] In some embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that the above-described device 2800 can be implemented in the form of the device 2900 shown in FIG29.

[0446] As an example, the function / implementation of the processing module 2801 in Figure 28 can be achieved by the processor 2901 in the device 2900 shown in Figure 29 calling computer execution instructions stored in the memory 2903. The function / implementation of the transceiver module 2802 in Figure 28 can be achieved by the transceiver 2902 in the device 2900 shown in Figure 29.

[0447] As another possible product form, the first communication device or the first network device in this application may adopt the composition structure shown in FIG30, or include the components shown in FIG30. FIG30 is a schematic diagram of the composition of a device 3000 provided in this application.

[0448] As shown in Figure 30, the device 3000 includes at least one processor 3001. Optionally, the device also includes a communication interface 3002.

[0449] When the relevant program instructions are executed in the at least one processor 3001, the device 3000 can implement the methods and any possible designs provided in any of the foregoing embodiments. Alternatively, the processor 3001 can implement the methods and any possible designs provided in any of the foregoing embodiments through logic circuits or executable code instructions.

[0450] The communication interface 3002 can be used to receive program instructions and transmit them to the processor, or the communication interface 3002 can be used for device 3000 to communicate and interact with other communication devices, such as exchanging control signaling and / or service data. For example, the communication interface 3002 can be used to receive signals from other devices besides device 3000 and transmit them to the processor 3001, or to send signals from the processor 3001 to other devices besides device 3000.

[0451] Optionally, the communication interface 3002 can be a code and / or data read / write interface circuit, or the communication interface 3002 can be a signal transmission interface circuit between a communication processor and a transceiver, or a pin of a chip.

[0452] Optionally, the device 3000 may further include at least one memory 3003, which may be used to store the required program instructions and / or data.

[0453] It should be noted that the memory 3003 can exist independently of the processor 3001, or it can be integrated with the processor 3001. The memory 3003 can be located inside or outside the device 3000, without restriction.

[0454] Optionally, the device 3000 may further include a power supply circuit 3004, which can be used to supply power to the processor 3001. The power supply circuit 3004 may be located in the same chip as the processor 3001, or in a separate chip outside the chip containing the processor 3001.

[0455] Optionally, the device 3000 also includes a bus 3005, through which the various parts of the device 3000 can be interconnected.

[0456] In some embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that the device 2800 shown in FIG28 can take the form of the device 3000 shown in FIG30 in terms of hardware implementation.

[0457] As an example, the function / implementation of the processing module 2801 in Figure 28 can be achieved by the processor 3001 in the device 3000 shown in Figure 30 calling computer execution instructions stored in the memory 3003. The function / implementation of the transceiver module 2802 in Figure 28 can be achieved by the communication interface 3002 in the device 3000 shown in Figure 30.

[0458] It should be noted that the structure shown in Figure 30 does not constitute a specific limitation on the first communication device or the first network device. For example, in other embodiments of this application, the first communication device or the first network device may include more or fewer components than shown in the figure, or combine some components, or split some components, or have different component arrangements. The components shown in the figure may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of software and hardware.

[0459] Optionally, the processor in this application can be a central processing unit (CPU), or it can be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, or discrete hardware components. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor, or it can be any conventional processor.

[0460] Optionally, the memory in this application can be volatile memory or non-volatile memory, or it can include both volatile and non-volatile memory. The non-volatile memory can be read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or flash memory. The volatile memory can be random access memory (RAM), which is used as an external cache. By way of example, but not limitation, many forms of random access memory (RAM) are available, such as static RAM (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate synchronous DRAM (DDR SDRAM), enhanced synchronous DRAM (ESDRAM), synchronous linked DRAM (SLDRAM), or direct rambus RAM (DR RAM).

[0461] Optionally, the power supply circuit described in the embodiments of this application includes, but is not limited to, at least one of the following: a power supply line for an electronic system, a power management chip, a power management processor, or a power management control circuit.

[0462] In some embodiments, this application also provides an apparatus including a processor for implementing the methods in any of the above method embodiments.

[0463] As one possible implementation, the device also includes a memory. This memory stores necessary computer programs and data. The computer program may include instructions, which the processor can invoke to instruct the device to execute the methods in any of the above method embodiments. Alternatively, the memory may not be present in the device.

[0464] As another possible implementation, the device also includes an interface circuit, which is a code / data read / write interface circuit, used to receive computer execution instructions (which are stored in memory and may be read directly from memory or may be transmitted through other devices) and transmit them to the processor.

[0465] As another possible implementation, the device also includes a communication interface for communicating with modules outside the device.

[0466] It is understood that the device can be a chip or a chip system. When the device is a chip system, it can be composed of chips or may include chips and other discrete devices. This application does not specifically limit this.

[0467] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program or instructions stored thereon, which, when executed by a computer, implements the functions of any of the above-described method embodiments.

[0468] This application also provides a computer program product that, when executed by a computer, implements the functions of any of the above method embodiments.

[0469] Those skilled in the art will understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0470] It is understood that the systems, apparatuses, and methods described in this application can also be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the shown or discussed mutual couplings or direct couplings or communication connections may be through some interfaces, or indirect couplings or communication connections between devices or units, which may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, i.e., they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs. Additionally, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit. In the above embodiments, they can be implemented entirely or partially through software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented using software programs, it can be implemented entirely or partially in the form of a computer program product. This computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, all or part of the processes or functions described in the embodiments of this application are generated. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, the computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via wired (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) means. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that a computer can access or a data storage device including one or more servers, data centers, etc., that can be integrated with the medium. The available medium can be a magnetic medium (e.g., floppy disk, hard disk, magnetic tape), an optical medium (e.g., DVD), or a semiconductor medium (e.g., solid-state drive (SSD)). In the embodiments of this application, the computer may include the aforementioned devices. Although this application has been described herein in conjunction with various embodiments, other variations of the disclosed embodiments can be understood and implemented by those skilled in the art in carrying out the claimed application by reviewing the accompanying drawings, the disclosure, and the appended claims.In the claims, the word "comprising" does not exclude other components or steps, and "a" or "an" does not exclude multiple components. A single processor or other unit can implement several functions listed in the claims. Although different dependent claims may describe certain measures, this does not mean that these measures cannot be combined to produce a good effect.

Claims

A communication method, characterized in that, Applied to a first communication device, the method includes: The first modulation symbol is processed by the first vector to obtain the second modulation symbol. The first vector is an element of the first matrix. The first matrix indicates the channel characteristics of the first channel in at least two time units. The first channel is the channel between the first communication device and the first network device. The second modulation symbol is subjected to a first processing to obtain a first signal, wherein the first processing includes spatial precoding; In the first time unit, the first signal is transmitted through the first channel, and the first time unit is included in the at least two time units. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first matrix is ​​orthogonal to the second matrix, the second matrix indicating the channel characteristics of the second channel over the at least two time units, the second channel being the channel between the second communication device and the first network device. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, After processing the first modulation symbol with the first vector to obtain the second modulation symbol, and before performing the first processing on the second modulation symbol, the method further includes: mapping the second modulation symbol to a first transmission layer; The first processing is performed on the second modulation symbol to obtain the first signal, including: The first processing is performed on the second modulation symbol mapped to the first transmission layer to obtain the first signal. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, Before processing the first modulation symbol using the first vector to obtain the second modulation symbol, the method further includes: mapping the first modulation symbol to a first transmission layer; The first modulation symbol is processed using the first vector to obtain the second modulation symbol, including: The first modulation symbol mapped to the first transmission layer is processed using the first vector to obtain the second modulation symbol. The method according to any one of claims 1-4 is characterized in that, The second modulation symbol satisfies: Where, x (l) (i) represents the second modulation symbol, and l represents the transmission layer corresponding to the second modulation symbol. This indicates the number of modulation symbols in the transmission layer corresponding to the second modulation symbol; d (l) (ki+a) represents the first modulation symbol, where k is a positive integer and a = 0, 1, ..., k-1; This represents the first vector. The method according to any one of claims 1-5 is characterized in that, The first matrix indicates the channel characteristics of the first channel over the at least two time units, including: The first vector indicates the channel characteristics of the first channel in the first time unit. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The method includes: The third modulation symbol is processed using a second vector to obtain a fourth modulation symbol. The second vector is an element of the first matrix. The second vector indicates the channel characteristics of the first channel in a second time unit, which is included in the at least two time units. The first processing is performed on the fourth modulation symbol to obtain the second signal; In the second time unit, the second signal is transmitted through the first channel. The method according to any one of claims 1-7 is characterized in that, The method includes: The first vector is used to process the fifth modulation symbol to obtain the sixth modulation symbol; The first processing is performed on the sixth modulation symbol to obtain the third signal; In the first time unit, the third signal is transmitted through the first channel. The method according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The first vector is a complex vector. The method according to any one of claims 1-9 is characterized in that, The first matrix is ​​a time-domain extended precoding matrix. A communication method, characterized in that, Applied to a first network device, the method includes: Send first information to a first communication device, the first information indicating a first matrix, the first matrix indicating channel characteristics of a first channel at least two time units, the first channel being the channel between the first communication device and the first network device, the first matrix being used by the first communication device to process modulation symbols before performing spatial precoding; Sending second information to a second communication device, the second information indicating a second matrix, the second matrix indicating channel characteristics of a second channel in the at least two time units, the second channel being the channel between the second communication device and the first network device, the second matrix being used by the second communication device to process modulation symbols before performing spatial precoding. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that, The first matrix is ​​orthogonal to the second matrix. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that, The method further includes: A third message is sent to a third communication device, the third message indicating a third matrix, the third matrix indicating the channel characteristics of a third channel in the at least two time units, the third channel being the channel between the third communication device and the first network device, and the third matrix being used by the third communication device to process modulation symbols before performing spatial precoding. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that, The third matrix is ​​orthogonal to the first matrix, and the third matrix is ​​orthogonal to the second matrix. The method according to any one of claims 11-14 is characterized in that, The method further includes: In the first time unit, a first signal from the first communication device is received through the first channel, and the first time unit is included in the at least two time units; The first signal is subjected to a second processing to obtain a second modulation symbol, the second processing including despatial precoding; The second modulation symbol is processed using a first vector to obtain a first modulation symbol, wherein the first vector is an element of the first matrix. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that, The second processing is performed on the first signal to obtain the second modulation symbol, including: The first signal is processed by the second method to obtain a second modulation symbol located in the first transmission layer; After performing the second processing on the first signal to obtain the second modulation symbol located in the first transmission layer, and before processing the second modulation symbol using the first vector, the method further includes: obtaining the second modulation symbol from the first transmission layer by de-mapping. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that, The first modulation symbol is obtained by processing the second modulation symbol using the first vector, including: The second modulation symbol is processed using the first vector to obtain the second modulation symbol located in the first transmission layer; The first modulation symbol is obtained from the first transmission layer by de-mapping. The method according to any one of claims 15-17 is characterized in that, The first matrix indicates the channel characteristics of the first channel over the at least two time units, including: The first vector indicates the channel characteristics of the first channel in the first time unit. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that, The method includes: In the second time unit, a second signal from the first communication device is received through the first channel, and the second time unit is included in the at least two time units; The second signal is processed in the second way to obtain the fourth modulation symbol; The fourth modulation symbol is processed using a second vector to obtain a third modulation symbol. The second vector is an element of the first matrix and indicates the channel characteristics of the first channel in the second time unit. The method according to any one of claims 15-19 is characterized in that, The method includes: In the first time unit, a third signal from the first communication device is received through the first channel; The third signal is subjected to the second processing to obtain the sixth modulation symbol; The sixth modulation symbol is processed using the first vector to obtain the fifth modulation symbol. A communication device, characterized in that, The communication device is a first communication device, including a module for implementing the method as described in any one of claims 1-10. The communication device according to claim 21 is characterized in that, The communication device includes a terminal device or a chip. A network device, characterized in that, The network device is a first network device, including a module for implementing the method as described in any one of claims 11-20. The network device according to claim 23 is characterized in that, The network device includes network equipment or chips. A computer-readable storage medium, included in a first communication device, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program or instructions, characterized in that... When the computer program or instructions are run, the method as described in any one of claims 1-10 is implemented. A computer program product, comprising a computer program or instructions, characterized in that, When the computer program or instructions are run, the method as described in any one of claims 1-10 is implemented. A computer-readable storage medium, included in a first network device, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program or instructions, characterized in that... When the computer program or instructions are run, the method as described in any one of claims 11-20 is implemented. A computer program product, comprising a computer program or instructions, characterized in that, When the computer program or instructions are run, the method as described in any one of claims 11-20 is implemented.

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