Cardamom extract, composition and a process for its preparation

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a cardamom extract composition and a method for its preparation. The composition comprises polyphenols, flavonoids, volatile oils, and cineol. When administered to humans, the composition enhances cognitive function. The cardamom extract composition, when administered in combination with caffeine, results in a synergistic effect, producing enhanced and sustained cognitive benefits over an extended period.

Description

[0001] CARDAMOM EXTRACT, COMPOSITION AND A PROCESS FOR ITS PREPARATION FIELD

[0002] The present disclosure relates to a cardamom extract, a nootropic composition, and a process for its preparation.

[0003] DEFINITIONS

[0004] As used in the present disclosure, the following terms are generally intended to have the meaning as set forth below, except to the extent that the context in which they are used indicates otherwise.

[0005] Bioactive substance refers to a substance when administered, will exert an effect upon a living organism, tissue, or cell to provide beneficial physiological, behavioural, and immunological effects.

[0006] Therapeutically effective amount refers to the amount of the composition that can provide the desired effect when administered to subjects / patients, without leading to undesired adverse effects.

[0007] Nootropic composition refers to a specific combination of ingredients designed to enhance cognitive function, typically including ingredients to improve memory, concentration, creativity, or overall mental performance.

[0008] BACKGROUND

[0009] The background information herein below relates to the present disclosure but is not necessarily prior art.

[0010] Cognition, the mental processes involved in acquiring, processing, and understanding information, plays a crucial role in various aspects of daily routine work. It plays a crucial role in work performance and productivity. Personal with strong cognitive skills exhibit decision making, problem solving, critical thinking, adaptability, continuous learning, creativity, innovation, focus, and concentration.

[0011] Currently, a diverse group of substances are available in the market that are claimed to improve various cognitive functions, including memory, focus, learning ability, problem-solving, and overall mental performance. These products come in various forms, such as supplements, medications, and even devices. Further, brain-training apps, biofeedback devices, and mindfulness apps are also available to promote cognition. Cognitive skills are essential for success in today's dynamic and complex work environments. They empower individuals to excel in their roles, adapt to change, and contribute to their work.

[0012] The traditional supplements include vitamins, minerals, and herbal extracts such as omega-3 fatty acids, ginkgo biloba, bacopa, and ginseng, which are believed to support brain health and cognitive function. Additionally, supplements containing a combination of ingredients like caffeine, L-theanine, and various vitamins and minerals are designed to improve focus, memory, and alertness. Small molecules that are intended for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or Alzheimer's disease can provide cognitive enhancement. Conventional supplements come with several limitations and potential disadvantages that include limited scientific evidence, potential side effects (headaches, anxiety, insomnia, digestive issues, and increased heart rate), dependency risks, and individual variability.

[0013] Therefore, there is felt a need to provide a natural extract, a composition comprising the same that mitigates the drawbacks mentioned herein above or at least provides an alternative solution.

[0014] OBJECTS

[0015] Some of the objects of the present disclosure, which at least one embodiment herein satisfies, are as follows:

[0016] An object of the present disclosure is to ameliorate one or more problems of the background or to at least provide a useful alternative.

[0017] Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a cardamom extract.

[0018] Yet another object of the present disclosure is to provide a nootropic composition comprising cardamom extract.

[0019] Still another object of the present disclosure is to provide a method for improving cognitive performance and mental energy in a human subject.

[0020] Another object of the present disclosure is to improve cognitive functions such as focus, attention, accuracy, and speed.

[0021] Yet another object of the present disclosure is to reduce fatigue and improve alertness.

[0022] Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a cardamom extract, a nootropic composition that is safe and effective.

[0023] Yet another object of the present disclosure is to provide a cardamom extract, a nootropic composition that is highly soluble, stable, and provides enhanced efficacy. Still another object of the present disclosure is to provide a cardamom extract, a nootropic composition that reduces the dosage of caffeine.

[0024] Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a cardamom extract that is devoid of any adverse effects or side effects.

[0025] Yet another object of the present disclosure is to provide a cardamom extract, a nootropic composition that can act synergistically with caffeine for improved cognitive functions and mental energy.

[0026] Yet another object of the present disclosure is to provide a nootropic composition that synergistically improves cognitive functions.

[0027] Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a nootropic composition without using synthetic additives.

[0028] Yet another object of the present disclosure is to provide a cardamom extract and a nootropic composition that can be administered orally.

[0029] Still another object of the present disclosure is to provide a process for the preparation of a cardamom extract and a nootropic composition for improving cognitive performance that is safe, simple, easy to prepare, easy to scale up, and economical.

[0030] Other objects and advantages of the present disclosure will be more apparent from the following description, which is not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.

[0031] SUMMARY

[0032] The present disclosure relates to a cardamom extract composition and the process for its preparation. In an aspect, the composition for enhancing cognitive function in humans comprises cardamom extract, wherein the cardamom extract comprises polyphenols in the range of 2 wt% to 10 wt%, flavonoids in the range of 1 wt% to 4 wt%, volatile oil in the range of 2 wt% to 15 wt%, and 1,8 -cineol in the range of 2 wt% to 10 wt%. The cardamom extract further comprises catechins in the range of 1000 ppm to 2500 ppm, luteolin in the range of 100 ppm to 500 ppm, quercetin in the range of 100 ppm to 250 ppm, and gallic acids in the range of 150 ppm to 350 ppm.

[0033] In another aspect, the process for the preparation of cardamom extract composition comprises mixing cardamom flakes with a fluid medium, followed by heating at a first predetermined temperature for a first predetermined time period to obtain a first mixture. The first mixture is separated to obtain a first wet mass and a first filtrate. The first mixture is mixed with fluid medium, followed by heating at a first predetermined temperature for a first predetermined time period to obtain a second mixture. The second mixture is separated to obtain a second wet mass and a second filtrate, is repeated for a predetermined number of times to obtain the second wet mass and subsequent filtrates. The process of mixing the second wet mass with the fluid medium is iterated for a predetermined number of times to obtain a wet mass and subsequent filtrates. Separately, the first filtrate, said second filtrate, and subsequent filtrates are mixed and heated at a second predetermined temperature for a second predetermined time period to obtain a slurry. The additive is optionally mixed with additive to obtain a homogeneous mixture. The homogeneous mixture is dried to obtain the cardamom extract composition.

[0034] In another aspect, the nootropic composition comprises cardamom extract in an amount in the range of 40 wt% to 80 wt% with respect to the total weight of the composition and caffeine in an amount in the range of 20 wt% to 60 wt% with respect to the total weight of the composition.

[0035] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWING

[0036] The present disclosure will now be described with the help of the accompanying drawing, in which:

[0037] Figure 1A illustrates a graph depicting the changes in the number of correct responses on the SAT after the acute supplementation of placebo, MA2-24, Caffeine, and MA2-24 + Caffeine after Ih, 3h, 5h, and 8h of post-administration;

[0038] Figure IB illustrates a graph depicting the changes in reaction time on SAT after the acute supplementation of placebo, MA2-24, Caffeine, and MA2-24 + Caffeine after Ih, 3h, 5h, and 8h of post-administration;

[0039] Figure 1C illustrates a graph depicting the changes in the number of errors on the SAT after the acute supplementation of placebo, MA2-24, Caffeine, and MA2-24 + Caffeine after Ih, 3h, 5h, and 8h of post-administration;

[0040] Figure 2A illustrates a graph depicting the changes in the number of correct responses on SDCT after the acute supplementation of placebo, MA2-24, Caffeine, and MA2-24 + Caffeine after Ih, 3h, 5h, and 8h of post-administration;

[0041] Figure 2B illustrates a graph depicting the changes in the number of errors on SDCT after the acute supplementation of placebo, MA2-24, Caffeine, and MA2-24 + Caffeine after Ih, 3h, 5h, and 8h of post-administration; Figure 3A illustrates a graph depicting the changes in simple reaction time in ST after the acute supplementation of placebo, MA2-24, Caffeine, and MA2-24 + Caffeine after Ih, 3h, 5h, and 8h of post-administration;

[0042] Figure 3B illustrates the graph depicting the changes in reaction time in ST after the acute supplementation of placebo, MA2-24, Caffeine, and MA2-24 + Caffeine after Ih, 3h, 5h, and 8h of post-administration;

[0043] Figure 4A illustrates the graph depicting the changes in the number of correct responses on SAT after the 28-day supplementation of placebo, MA2-24, Caffeine, and MA2-24 + Caffeine after Ih, 3h, 5h, and 8h of post-administration;

[0044] Figure 4B illustrates the graph depicting the changes in reaction time on SAT after the 28-day supplementation of placebo, MA2-24, Caffeine, and MA2-24 + Caffeine after Ih, 3h, 5h, and 8h of post-administration;

[0045] Figure 4C illustrates the graph depicting the changes in the number of errors on SAT after 28-day supplementation of placebo, MA2-24, Caffeine, and MA2-24 + Caffeine after Ih, 3h, 5h, and 8h of post-administration;

[0046] Figure 5A illustrates the graph depicting the changes in the number of correct responses on SDCT after the 28-day supplementation of placebo, MA2-24, Caffeine, and MA2-24 + Caffeine after Ih, 3h, 5h, and 8h of post-administration;

[0047] Figure 5B illustrates the graph depicting the changes in the number of errors on SDCT after the 28-day supplementation of placebo, MA2-24, Caffeine, and MA2-24 + Caffeine after Ih, 3h, 5h, and 8h of post-administration;

[0048] Figure 6A illustrates the graph depicting the changes in simple reaction time on the Stroop test after the 28-day supplementation of placebo, MA2-24, Caffeine, and MA2-24 + Caffeine after Ih, 3h, 5h, and 8h of post-administration; and

[0049] Figure 6B illustrates the graph depicting the changes in Stroop reaction time on the Stroop test after the 28-day supplementation of placebo, MA2-24, Caffeine, and MA2-24 + Caffeine after Ih, 3h, 5h, and 8h of post-administration.

[0050] DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] The present disclosure relates to a cardamom extract, a nootropic composition, and a process for its preparation. Embodiments are provided so as to thoroughly and fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to the person skilled in the art. Numerous details are set forth, relating to specific components, and methods, to provide a complete understanding of embodiments of the present disclosure. It will be apparent to the person skilled in the art that the details provided in the embodiments should not be construed to limit the scope of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, well-known processes, well-known apparatus structures, and well-known techniques are not described in detail.

[0052] The terminology used, in the present disclosure, is only for the purpose of explaining a particular embodiment and such terminology shall not be considered to limit the scope of the present disclosure. As used in the present disclosure, the forms "a,” "an," and "the" may be intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly suggests otherwise. The terms "comprises," "comprising," “including,” and “having,” are open-ended transitional phrases and therefore specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, modules, units, and / or components, but do not forbid the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof. The particular order of steps disclosed in the method and process of the present disclosure is not to be construed as necessarily requiring their performance as described or illustrated. It is also to be understood that additional or alternative steps may be employed.

[0053] As used herein, the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed elements.

[0054] The terms first, second, third, etc., should not be construed to limit the scope of the present disclosure as the aforementioned terms may be only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer or section from another component, region, layer or section. Terms such as first, second, third etc., when used herein do not imply a specific sequence or order unless clearly suggested by the present disclosure.

[0055] The traditional supplements include vitamins, minerals, and herbal extracts like omega-3 fatty acids, ginkgo biloba, and ginseng, which are believed to support brain health and cognitive function. Additionally, supplements containing a combination of ingredients like caffeine, L-theanine, and various vitamins and minerals, are designed to improve focus, memory, and alertness. Small molecules that are intended for the treatment of ADHD or Alzheimer's disease can provide cognitive enhancement. Conventional supplements come with several limitations and potential disadvantages that include limited scientific evidence, potential side effects (headaches, anxiety, insomnia, digestive issues, and increased heart rate), dependency risks, and individual variability.

[0056] The present disclosure provides a cardamom extract / composition, a nootropic composition comprising the cardamom extract, and a process for its preparation. The cardamom extract / composition alone or nootropic combination of the present disclosure improves cognitive function with enhanced efficacy, avoids adverse effects, and is made of GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) ingredients.

[0057] In an aspect of the present disclosure, discloses an extract for improving cognitive performance, wherein the extract is cardamom extract.

[0058] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the cardamom extract is mixed with an ingestible carrier.

[0059] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the cardamom extract was further mixed with cardamom essential oil.

[0060] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the cardamom is black cardamom (Amomum subulatum) or green cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum).

[0061] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the carrier is at least one selected from the group consisting of maltodextrin, gum acacia, and cyclodextrin. Other known suitable carriers can also be used.

[0062] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, wherein the cardamom extract comprises polyphenols in the range of 0.5 wt% to 3 wt%, flavonoids in the range of 0.1 wt% to 1.5 wt%, catechins in the range of 1000 ppm to 2500 ppm, luteolin in the range of 100 ppm to 500 ppm, quercetin in the range of 100 ppm to 250 ppm, gallic acids in the range of 100 ppm to 250 ppm and 1,8 Cineol in the range of 2 wt% to 10 wt%.

[0063] In another aspect of the present disclosure, provides a method for improving cognitive performance in a human subject in need thereof, wherein the method comprises administering a formulation to the human subject, wherein the formulation comprises 100 mg to 500 mg of extract of cardamom and an ingestible carrier.

[0064] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the cardamom extract helps to improve cognitive functions such as focus, attention, accuracy, and speed.

[0065] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the cardamom extract improves mental energy and cognitive performance. In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the cardamom extract disclosed here helps to reduce mental fatigue and improve alertness.

[0066] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the cognitive performance consists of reduced reaction time and error rate.

[0067] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the cardamom extract exhibits the desired therapeutic activity without exhibiting any side effects or adverse effects.

[0068] In an aspect of the present dislcousre, there is provided a composition for enhancing cognitive function in humans comprising cardamom extract, wherein the cardamom extract comprises polyphenols in the range of 2 wt% to 10 wt%, flavonoids in the range of 1 wt% to 4 wt%, volatile oil in the range of 2 wt% to 15 wt%, and 1,8 Cineol in the range of 1 wt% to 10 wt%.

[0069] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the cardamom extract comprises polyphenols in the range of 2 wt% to 10 wt%.

[0070] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the cardamom extract comprises polyphenols in the range of 2 wt% to 8 wt%.

[0071] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the cardamom extract comprises polyphenols in the range of 2 wt% to 5 wt%.

[0072] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the cardamom extract comprises flavonoids in the range of 1 wt% to 3 wt%.

[0073] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the cardamom extract comprises flavonoids in the range of 1 wt% to 2 wt%.

[0074] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the cardamom extract comprises volatile oil in the range of 3 wt% to 10 wt%.

[0075] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the cardamom extract comprises volatile oil in the range of 3 wt% to 8 wt%.

[0076] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the cardamom extract comprises volatile oil in the range of 3 wt% to 5 wt%.

[0077] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the cardamom extract comprises 1,8-Cineol in the range of 1 wt% to 9 wt%.

[0078] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the cardamom extract comprises 1,8-Cineol in the range of 1 wt% to 5 wt%. In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the cardamom extract comprises 1,8-Cineol in the range of 1 wt% to 4 wt%.

[0079] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the cardamom extract further comprises catechins in the range of 1000 ppm to 2500 ppm, luteolin in the range of 100 ppm to 500 ppm, quercetin in the range of 100 ppm to 250 ppm, and gallic acids in the range of 150 ppm to 350 ppm.

[0080] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the cardamom extract comprises catechins in the range of 1500 ppm to 2500 ppm.

[0081] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the cardamom extract comprises catechins in the range of 1500 ppm to 2200 ppm.

[0082] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the cardamom extract comprises catechins in the range of 1500 ppm to 2000 ppm.

[0083] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the cardamom extract comprises luteolin in the range of 300 ppm to 500 ppm.

[0084] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the cardamom extract comprises luteolin in the range of 300 ppm to 350 ppm.

[0085] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the cardamom extract comprises quercetin in the range of 120 ppm to 220 ppm.

[0086] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the cardamom extract comprises quercetin in the range of 120 ppm to 200 ppm.

[0087] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the cardamom extract comprises gallic acids in the range of 180 ppm to 300 ppm.

[0088] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the cardamom extract comprises gallic acids in the range of 200 ppm to 300 ppm.

[0089] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the cardamom extract is obtained from black cardamom (Amomum subulatum) or green cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum).

[0090] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the cardamom extract is black cardamom extract.

[0091] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the cardamom extract is green cardamom extract. In accordance with the embodiment of the present disclosure, the cognitive function is at least one selected from alertness, focus, concentration, executive functions, cognitive flexibility, processing speed, complex attention, visual processing speed, working memory, reaction time, and cognitive inhibition.

[0092] In accordance with the embodiment of the present disclosure, the composition further comprises an additive selected from microcrystalline cellulose, maltodextrin, cyclodextrin, starch, gum acacia, gum arabic, food-grade protein, and their mixtures.

[0093] In accordance with the embodiment of the present disclosure, the food-grade protein is at least one selected from whey protein, casein protein, soy protein, pea protein, rice protein, collagen proteins, and peptides.

[0094] In accordance with the embodiment of the present disclosure, the composition is administered at a dose in the range of 100 mg / day to 1000 mg / day.

[0095] In accordance with the embodiment of the present disclosure, the composition is administered at a dose in the range of 100 mg / day to 500 mg / day.

[0096] In accordance with the embodiment of the present disclosure, the composition is administered at a dose in the range of 100 mg / day to 250 mg / day.

[0097] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the cardamom extract is in the form of tablets, capsules, gummies, gellies, and water-dispersible powder.

[0098] In another aspect of the present disclosure, provides a composition for enhancing cognitive function in humans, comprising cardamom extract, wherein the extract is cardamom extract.

[0099] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the cardamom extract comprises polyphenols in the range of 2 wt% to 10 wt%, flavonoids in the range of 1 wt% to 4 wt%, volatile oil in the range of 2 wt% to 15 wt%, and 1,8-cineol in the range of 1 wt% to 10 wt%.

[0100] In another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a process for the preparation of the cardamom extract.

[0101] The process is described in detail.

[0102] In a first step, cardamom flakes are mixed with a fluid medium and heated at a first predetermined temperature for a first predetermined time period to obtain a first mixture. In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the particle size of the cardamom flakes is in the range of 1 mm to 3 mm.

[0103] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the particle size of the cardamom flakes is in the range of 1 mm to 3 mm.

[0104] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the particle size of the cardamom flakes is in the range of 1.5 mm to 2.5 mm.

[0105] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the fluid medium is at least one selected from water, water / ethanol mixture (20:80 v / v), water / ethanol mixture (30:70 v / v), water / ethanol mixture (40:60 v / v), water / ethanol mixture (50:50 v / v), water / acetone mixture (20:80 v / v), water / acetone mixture (30:70 v / v), water / acetone mixture (40:60 v / v), and water / acetone mixture (50:50 v / v).

[0106] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the fluid medium is selected from aliphatic alcohol -water mixtures and lower aliphatic ketone-water mixtures.

[0107] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the first predetermined temperature is in the range of 50°C to 60°C.

[0108] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the first predetermined time period is in the range of 2 hrs to 3 hrs.

[0109] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the first predetermined time period is in the range of 2 hrs.

[0110] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the first predetermined time period is in the range of 2 hrs.

[0111] In a second step, the first mixture is separated by filtration to obtain a first wet mass and a first filtrate.

[0112] In a third step, the first wet mass is mixed with a fluid medium, followed by heating at a first predetermined temperature for a first predetermined time period to obtain a second mixture.

[0113] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the first predetermined temperature is in the range of 50°C to 60°C.

[0114] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the first predetermined time period is in the range of 2 hr to 3 hr. In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the second mixture is separated by filtration to obtain a second wet mass and a second filtrate. The process of mixing the second wet mass with the fluid medium is iterated for a predetermined number of times to obtain a wet mass and subsequent filtrates.

[0115] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the predetermined number of times is in the range of 2 times to 5 times.

[0116] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the predetermined number of times is in the range of 2 times to 4 times.

[0117] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the predetermined number of times is in the range of 2 times to 3 times.

[0118] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the predetermined number of times is 3 times.

[0119] In a fourth step, the first filtrate, second filtrate, and the subsequent filtrates are mixed, followed by heating at a second predetermined temperature to obtain a slurry.

[0120] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the second predetermined temperature is in the range of 40°C to 60°C.

[0121] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the second predetermined temperature is in the range of 40°C to 50°C.

[0122] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the second predetermined temperature is in the range of 50°C.

[0123] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the combined filtrates are heated for a time period in the range of 2 hr to 4 hr.

[0124] In a fifth step, the slurry is optionally mixed with an additive to obtain a homogeneous mixture.

[0125] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the slurry is mixed with an additive to obtain a homogeneous mixture.

[0126] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, slurry is optionally mixed with an additive to obtain a homogeneous mixture.

[0127] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the additive is at least one selected from microcrystalline cellulose, maltodextrin, cyclodextrin, starch, gum acacia, gum arabic, food-grade proteins, and their mixtures. In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the additive is at least one selected from maltodextrin, cyclodextrin / gum acacia (1:2), and acacia / maltodextrin (3:1).

[0128] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the additive is cardamom essential oil.

[0129] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the addition of cardamom essential oil increases the polyphenol and volatile oil content in the extract.

[0130] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the food-grade protein is at least one selected from whey protein, casein protein, soy protein, pea protein, rice protein, collagen protein, and peptides.

[0131] In the final step, the homogeneous mixture is dried to obtain the cardamom extract powder.

[0132] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, wherein the drying is performed at a temperature in the range of 40°C to 200°C.

[0133] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, wherein the drying is performed at a temperature in the range 90°C to 160°C.

[0134] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, drying can be performed by using spray drying and freeze drying. The drying temperatures of spray drying and freeze drying vary based on the equipment.

[0135] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the drying is performed using spray drying.

[0136] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, spray drying is performed at an inlet temperature of 160°C and an outlet temperature in the range of 92°C.

[0137] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the cardamom extract comprises polyphenols in the range of 2 wt% to 10 wt%, flavonoids in the range of 1 wt% to 4 wt%, volatile oil in the range of 2 wt% to 15 wt%, 1,8 Cineol in the range of 1 wt% to 10 wt%, catechins in the range of 1000 ppm to 2500 ppm, luteolin in the range of 100 ppm to 400 ppm, quercetin in the range of 100 ppm to 250 ppm, and gallic acids in the range of 150 ppm to 350 ppm.

[0138] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the cardamom extract comprises polyphenols in the range of 2 wt% to 10 wt%, flavonoids in the range of 1 wt% to 4 wt%, volatile oil in the range of 2 wt% to 15 wt%, and 1,8-cineol in the range of 1 wt% to 10 wt%.

[0139] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the cardamom extract further comprises catechins in the range of 1000 ppm to 2500 ppm, luteolin in the range of 100 ppm to 400 ppm, quercetin in the range of 100 ppm to 250 ppm, and gallic acids in the range of 150 ppm to 350 ppm.

[0140] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the cardamom extract composition can be prepared using supercritical carbon dioxide extraction.

[0141] In another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method for enhancing cognitive function selected from alertness, focus, concentration, executive functions, cognitive flexibility, processing speed, complex attention, visual processing speed, working memory, reaction time and cognitive inhibition in a subject comprising administering to the subject, in need thereof, a therapeutically effective amount of cardamom extract.

[0142] In another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a use of cardamom extract for enhancing cognitive function selected from alertness, focus, concentration, executive functions, cognitive flexibility, processing speed, complex attention, visual processing speed, working memory, reaction time, and cognitive inhibition.

[0143] In yet another aspect of the present disclosure, provides a nootropic composition for increasing cognition comprises:

[0144] a) a predetermined amount of cardamom extract;

[0145] b) a predetermined amount of caffeine; and

[0146] c) optionally, a predetermined amount of additives.

[0147] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the cardamom extract can be an extract obtained from black cardamom (Amomum subulatum) or green cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum).

[0148] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the predetermined amount of cardamom extract can be in the range of 40 wt% to 80 wt% with respect to the total weight of the composition.

[0149] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the cardamom extract is in the form of powder, wherein the cardamom extract is powdered by using a carrier. In accordance with the embodiment of the present disclosure, the cardamom extract comprises polyphenols in the range of 0.5 wt% to 3 wt%, flavonoids in the range of 0.1 wt% to 1.5 wt%, catechins in the range of 1000 ppm to 2500 ppm, luteolin in the range of 100 ppm to 500 ppm, quercetin in the range of 100 ppm to 250 ppm, gallic acids in the range of 100 ppm to 250 ppm and 1,8 Cineol in the range of 2 wt% to 10 wt%.

[0150] Amomum subulatum, also known as black cardamom, is a perennial herbaceous plant in the family Zingiberaceae. Its seed pods have a strong, camphor-like flavour, with a smoky character derived from the method of drying. The pods are used as a spice, in a similar manner to green cardamom pods, but with a different flavour. Unlike green cardamom, this spice is rarely used in sweet dishes. Its smoky flavour and aroma derive from traditional methods of drying over open flames. Black cardamom is available in two distinct species, i.e., Amomum subulatum (also known as Nepal cardamom) and Amomum tsao-ko. The pods of A. subulatum are smaller, used primarily in the cuisines of India and certain regional cuisines of Pakistan, while the larger pods of A. tsao-ko are used in Vietnamese and Chinese cuisine, particularly that of Sichuan province. The largest producer of black cardamom is Nepal, followed by India and Bhutan.

[0151] Elettaria cardamomum, commonly known as green cardamom or true cardamom, is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the family Zingiberaceae. Native to the Western Ghats of southern India, it is widely cultivated for its small, green, aromatic seed pods, which possess a sweet, floral flavor with hints of citrus and eucalyptus. Green cardamom is typically dried without smoke, preserving its delicate aroma and making it a preferred ingredient in both sweet and savory dishes. It is extensively used in Indian, Middle Eastern, and Scandinavian cuisines, particularly in desserts, teas, and spice blends such as garam masala. Elettaria cardamomum is also valued in traditional medicine systems for its digestive and carminative properties. India and Guatemala are the leading producers of green cardamom.

[0152] The main phytochemicals in black cardamom are volatile oils containing terpenes and terpenoids (Cineole, terpineol, borneol, sabinene, limonene, and myrcene and pinene), Flavonoids (Quercetin, Luteoline, and Kaempferol), Phenolic Compounds (Gallic acid and caffeic acid), Alkaloids (Amomumine), and Tannins (Catechins and epi catechins).

[0153] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the caffeine is in the form of caffeine or caffeine in a coffee powder or any caffeine-containing formulation. In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the predetermined amount of caffeine can be in the range of 20 wt% to 60 wt% with respect to the total weight of the composition.

[0154] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the additives are at least one selected from maltodextrin, gum acacia, cyclodextrin, cellulose, starch, or plant derived proteins.

[0155] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the predetermined amount of additives can be in the range of mass 5 wt% to 30 wt% with respect to the total weight of the composition.

[0156] In yet another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a nootropic composition.

[0157] The nootropic composition comprises a) cardamom extract in an amount in the range of 40 wt% to 80 wt% with respect to the total weight of the composition; and b) caffeine in an amount in the range of 20 wt% to 60 wt% with respect to the total weight of the composition.

[0158] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the cardamom extract is present in an amount in the range of 50 wt% to 75 wt% with respect to the total weight of the composition.

[0159] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the cardamom extract is present in an amount in the range of 55 wt% to 72 wt% with respect to the total weight of the composition.

[0160] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the cardamom extract is obtained from black cardamom (Amomum subulatum) or green cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum).

[0161] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the cardamom extract is black cardamom (Amomum subulatum) extract.

[0162] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the cardamom extract is green cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum extract.

[0163] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the caffeine is present in an amount in the range of 25 wt% to 45 wt% with respect to the total weight of the composition.

[0164] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the caffeine is present in an amount in the range of 28 wt% to 45 wt% with respect to the total weight of the composition. In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the cardamom extract comprises polyphenols in the range of 2 wt% to 10 wt%, flavonoids in the range of 1 wt% to 4 wt%, volatile oil in the range of 2 wt% to 15 wt%, 1,8 Cineol in the range of 2 wt% to 10 wt%, catechins in the range of 1000 ppm to 2500 ppm, luteolin in the range of 100 ppm to 400 ppm, quercetin in the range of 100 ppm to 250 ppm, and gallic acids in the range of 150 ppm to 350 ppm.

[0165] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the cardamom extract comprises polyphenols in the range of 2 wt% to 10 wt%, flavonoids in the range of 1 wt% to 4 wt%, volatile oil in the range of 2 wt% to 15 wt%, and 1,8-cineol in the range of 1 wt% to 10 wt%.

[0166] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the cardamom extract further comprises catechins in the range of 1000 ppm to 2500 ppm, luteolin in the range of 100 ppm to 500 ppm, quercetin in the range of 100 ppm to 250 ppm, and gallic acids in the range of 150 ppm to 350 ppm.

[0167] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the ratio of the caffeine to cardamom extract is in the range of 1: 1 to 1:5 (w / w).

[0168] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the ratio of the caffeine to cardamom extract is in the range of 1: 1 to 1:2.5 (w / w).

[0169] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the ratio of the caffeine to cardamom extract is in the range of 1: 1 to 1:2 (w / w).

[0170] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the ratio of the caffeine to cardamom extract is in the range of 1: 1 to 1: 1.25 (w / w).

[0171] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the nootropic composition further comprises an additive.

[0172] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the additive is selected from maltodextrin, gum acacia, cyclodextrin, cellulose, starch, or food-grade proteins.

[0173] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the food-grade protein is at least one selected from whey protein, casein protein, soy protein, pea protein, rice protein, collagen proteins, and peptides.

[0174] In another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method for enhancing cognitive function selected from alertness, focus, concentration, executive functions, cognitive flexibility, processing speed, complex attention, visual processing speed, working memory, reaction time and cognitive inhibition in a subject comprising administering to the subject, in need thereof, a therapeutically effective amount of nootropic composition.

[0175] In another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a use of a nootropic composition for enhancing cognitive function selected from alertness, focus, concentration, executive functions, cognitive flexibility, processing speed, complex attention, visual processing speed, working memory, reaction time, and cognitive inhibition.

[0176] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the nootropic composition is in the form of tablets, capsules, gummies, gellies, and water-dispersible powder.

[0177] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the composition is administered at a dose in the range of 200 mg / day to 2000 mg / day.

[0178] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the composition is administered at a dose in the range of 200 mg / day to 1000 mg / day.

[0179] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the composition is administered at a dose in the range of 200 mg / day to 500 mg / day.

[0180] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the composition is administered at a dose in the range of 200 mg / day to 450 mg / day.

[0181] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the cardamom extract, when combined with caffeine, reduces the effective dosage of caffeine, prolongs the effects of caffeine, and lowers the risk of caffeine dependence.

[0182] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the cardamom extract, when combined with caffeine, enhances cognitive performance compared to administration of caffeine or the cardamom extract alone.

[0183] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the nootropic composition of the present disclosure provides the synergistic activity of cardamom extract and caffeine.

[0184] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the composition synergistically prolongs the effect of caffeine.

[0185] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the composition synergistically enhances the activity of the cardamom.

[0186] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the composition reduces / avoids the side effects and adverse effects associated with caffeine. In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the composition reduces the dosage of caffeine.

[0187] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the composition of cardamom and caffeine of the present disclosure provides a synergistic activity by enhancing the cognitive abilities of the subject.

[0188] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the composition of the present disclosure provides sustained activity of caffeine for a prolonged period of time.

[0189] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the nootropic composition of the present disclosure can be in a form selected from powder, granule, tablet, solution, gummies, gels, or capsules. Other known suitable forms can also be prepared.

[0190] In accordance with the embodiment of the present disclosure, the nootropic composition of the present disclosure, when administered to humans at a therapeutically effective amount, improves cognition.

[0191] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the nootropic composition of the present disclosure can be suitably administered orally.

[0192] In another aspect, the present disclosure envisages a process for the preparation of the cardamom extract and cardamom extract composition.

[0193] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the cardamom extract composition and the nootropic composition are evaluated in humans.

[0194] In the clinical evaluation, cognitive performance was assessed using the Shifting Attention Test (SAT), Symbol Digit Coding Test (SDCT), and Stroop Test (ST). The SAT was evaluated across three cognitive performance parameters: (i) number of correct responses, (ii) reaction time, and (iii) number of errors. The SDCT was evaluated based on (i) the number of correct responses and (ii) the number of errors. The Stroop Test was evaluated using: (i) simple reaction time and (ii) Stroop reaction time. These assessments were selected to comprehensively measure executive function, processing speed, attention, and cognitive flexibility in response to the administered compositions.

[0195] The clinical study findings demonstrated that administration of the cardamom extract composition resulted in measurable improvements in cognitive performance. Furthermore, the combination group receiving both MA2-24 and caffeine exhibited enhanced and prolonged cognitive benefits relative to the groups receiving MA2-24 or caffeine alone, indicating a synergistic effect between the two components. The clinical study results further established that co-administration of cardamom extract with caffeine mitigates caffeine-associated adverse effects, demonstrating a modulatory role of the extract in enhancing tolerability.

[0196] The foregoing description of the embodiments has been provided for purposes of illustration and is not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Individual components of a particular embodiment are generally not limited to that particular embodiment but are interchangeable. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the present disclosure, and all such modifications are considered to be within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0197] The present disclosure is further described in light of the following experiments, which are set forth for illustration purposes only, and not to be construed as limiting the scope of the disclosure. The following experiments can be tested to scale up to an industrial / commercial scale and the results obtained can be extrapolated to the industrial scale.

[0198] EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS

[0199] Example 1: Process for the preparation of black cardamom extract in accordance with the present disclosure

[0200] Dried fruits of black cardamom were flaked in a double roller grooved flaker with flake thickness in the range of 1.5 mm to 2.5 mm to obtain black cardamom flakes. 100 Kg of the black cardamom flakes were charged into a stainless-steel vessel equipped with facilities for chilled water circulation, reflux condenser, agitator, and steam jacket. 500 liters of purified water was added to the stainless-steel vessel, followed by agitating at 50 rpm and circulated for 2 h at a temperature of 55±5°C to obtain a first mixture. The so formed first mixture was filtered to obtain a first wet mass and first filtrate. The extraction process was repeated thrice with first wet mass and freshwater by using a similar process and conditions to obtain subsequent filtrates. The combined filtrates (first filtrate and subsequent filtrates) were mixed and concentrated under vacuum to a Brix level of 20 to 70, at a temperature less than 50°C, to obtain a slurry. The slurry was dried by spray drying (inlet temperature of 160°C and outlet temperature of 92°C) to obtain black cardamom extract powder.

[0201] The cardamom extract powder was evaluated for the various bioactive substances, wherein the bioactive substances include polyphenols 3 wt%, flavonoids 1.3 wt%, catechins 1950 ppm, Luteolin 300 ppm, Quercetin 150 ppm, Gallic acids 200 ppm, Volatile oil content 3.3 wt%, and 1,8 Cineol 2.42 wt%. Example 2: Process for the preparation of black cardamom extract in accordance with the present disclosure

[0202] Dried fruits of black cardamom were flaked in a double roller grooved flaker with flake thickness in the range of 1.5 mm to 2.5 mm. 100 Kg of the flakes were charged into a stainless-steel vessel equipped with facilities for chilled water circulation, reflux condenser, agitator, and steam jacket. 500 lit. of purified water was added to the stainless-steel vessel, followed by agitating at 50 rpm and circulated for 2 h at 55±5°C to obtain a first mixture. The so formed first, mixture was filtered to obtain a first wet mass and first filtrate. The extraction process was repeated thrice with first wet mass and fresh water by using a similar process and conditions to obtain subsequent filtrates. The combined filtrates (first filtrate and subsequent filtrates) were mixed and concentrated under vacuum to a Brix level of 30 to 35 %, at a temperature less than 50°C, to obtain a slurry. The slurry was mixed with 2 Kg of maltodextrin and homogenized at 400 bar pressure and 50°C to obtain a homogeneous mixture. The homogenous mixture was subjected to spray drying (inlet temperature 160°C and outlet temperature 92°C) to obtain the cardamom extract powder.

[0203] The powder was evaluated for the various bioactive substances, wherein the bioactive substances include polyphenols 2.72 wt%, flavonoids 0.88 wt%, catechins 1790 ppm, Luteolin 274 ppm. Quercetin 134 ppm, Gallic acids 180 ppm, Volatile oil content 3 wt%, and 1,8 Cineol 2.1 wt%.

[0204] Example 3: Process for the preparation of black cardamom extract in accordance with the present disclosure

[0205] Dried fruits of black cardamom were flaked in a double roller grooved flaker with flake thickness in the range of 1.5mm to 2.5 mm. A batch of 100 kg of these flakes was then loaded into a stainless-steel extraction vessel equipped with a chilled water circulation system, reflux condenser, agitator, and steam jacket. 500 liters of purified water / ethyl alcohol mixture (20:80) was added to the stainless-steel vessel, followed by agitating at 50 rpm for 3 hours at. a temperature of 55±5°C to obtain a first mixture. The so formed first mixture was filtered to obtain a first wet mass and a first filtrate. The extraction process was then repeated 3 times using the same solvent system and under identical conditions to obtain subsequent filtrates. The combined filtrates (first filtrate and subsequent, filtrates) were mixed and concentrated under vacuum to a Brix level of 20% to 25%, at a temperature less than 60°C, to obtain a slurry. The slurry' was mixed with 3 Kg of cyclodextrin / gum acacia (1:2) mixture and homogenized at 400 bar pressure and 50°C to obtain a first homogeneous mixture. To this first homogeneous mixture, mixed with 1 liter of black cardamom essential oil was mixed and homogenized at 500 bar pressure and 50°C to obtain a second homogeneous mixture. The second homogenous mixture was subjected to spray drying (inlet temperature 160°C and outlet temperature 92°C) to obtain the cardamom extract powder.

[0206] The powder was evaluated for the various bioactive substances, wherein the bioactive substances include polyphenols 7.3 wt%, flavonoids 2.2 wt%, catechins 2000 ppm, Luteolin 348 ppm, Quercetin 218 ppm, Gallic acids 297 ppm, Volatile oil content 10 wt%, and 1,8 Cineol 8.3 wt%.

[0207] Example 4: Process for preparation of black cardamom extract in accordance with the present disclosure

[0208] Dried fruits of black cardamom were flaked in a double roller grooved flaker with flake thickness in the range of 1.5 mm to 2.5 mm to obtain black cardamom flakes. A batch of 100 kg of these flakes was then loaded into a stainless-steel extraction vessel equipped with a chilled water circulation system, reflux condenser, agitator, and steam jacket. 500 liters of purified water / ethyl alcohol mixture (80:20) was added to the stainless-steel vessel, followed by agitating at 50 rpm and circulating for 3 hours at a temperature of 55±5°C to obtain a first mixture. The so formed first mixture was filtered to obtain a first \vet mass and first filtrate. The extraction process was then repeated 3 times using the same solvent system and under identical conditions to obtain subsequent filtrates. The combined filtrates (first filtrate and subsequent filtrates) were mixed and concentrated under vacuum to a Brix level of 20 to 70 %, at a temperature less than 60°C, to obtain a slurry. The slurry' was dried by spray drying (inlet temperature 160°C and outlet temperature 92°C) to obtain black cardamom extract powder.

[0209] The powder was evaluated for the various bioactive substances, wherein the bioactive substances include polyphenols 5.5 wt%, flavonoids 2.1 vzt%, catechins 2100 ppm, Luteolin 340 ppm, Quercetin 212 ppm, Gallic acids 272 ppm, Volatile oil content 5.3 wt%, and 1,8 Cineol 4 wt%.

[0210] Example 5: Process for preparation of black cardamom extract in accordance with the present disclosure

[0211] Dried fruits of black cardamom were flaked in a double roller grooved flaker with flake thickness in the range of 1.5 mm to 2.5 mm to obtain black cardamom flakes. A batch of 100 kg of these flakes was then loaded into a stainless-steel extraction vessel equipped with a chilled water circulation system, reflux condenser, agitator, and steam jacket. 500 liters of purified water / ethyl alcohol mixture (80:20) was added to the stainless-steel vessel, followed by agitating at 50 rpm and circulated for 3 hours at a temperature of 55±5°C to obtain a fist mixture. The so formed first mixture was filtered to obtain a first wet mass and first filtrate. The extraction process was then repeated 3 times using the same solvent system and under identical conditions to obtain subsequent filtrates. The combined filtrates (first filtrate and subsequent filtrates) were mixed and concentrated under vacuum to a Brix level of 30 to 35 %, at a temperature less than 60°C, to obtain a slurry. The slurry was mixed with 2 Kg of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and homogenized at 400 bar pressure and 50°C to obtain a homogeneous mixture. The homogenous mixture was subjected to spray drying (inlet temperature 160°C and outlet temperature 92°C) to obtain the cardamom extract powder.

[0212] The powder was evaluated for the various bioactive substances, wherein the bioactive substances include polyphenols 4.8 vzt%, flavonoids 1.79 wt%, catechins 1936 ppm, Luteolin 312 ppm, Quercetin 190 ppm, Gallic acids 251 ppm, Volatile oil content 4.5 wt%, and 1,8-Cineol 3.56 wt%.

[0213] Example 6: Process for preparation of Black cardamom hydroalcoholic (80 / 20 v / v) extract with gum acacia / maltodextrin blend (3:1) and Essential oil.

[0214] Dried fruits of black cardamom were flaked in a double roller grooved flaker with flake thickness in the range of 1.5 mm to 2.5 mm to obtain black cardamom flakes. A batch of 100 kg of these flakes was then loaded into a stainless-steel extraction vessel equipped with a chilled water circulation system, reflux condenser, agitator, and steam jacket. 500 liters of purified water / ethyl al cohol mixture (80:20) was added to the stainless-steel vessel followed by agitating at 50 rpm and circulated for 3 hours at a temperature of 55±5°C to obtain a first mixture. The so formed first mixture was filtered to obtain a first wet mass and first filtrate. The extraction process was then repeated 3 times using the same solvent system and under identical conditions to obtain subsequent filtrates. The combined filtrates (first filtrate and subsequent filtrates) were mixed and concentrated under vacuum to a Brix level of 30 to 35 %, at a temperature less than 60°C, to obtain a slurry. The slurry was further mixed with 2.5 Kg of gum acacia / maltodextrin (3:1) mixture and homogenized at 400 bar pressure and 50°C to obtain a first homogeneous mixture. To this first homogeneous mixture, mixed with 1 liter of cardamom essential oil was mixed and homogenized at 500 bar pressure and 50 ’C to obtain a second homogeneous mixture. The second homogenous mixture was subjected to spray drying (inlet temperature 160°C and outlet temperature 92°C) to obtain the cardamom extract powder.

[0215] The powder was evaluated for the various bioactive substances, wherein the bioactive substances include polyphenols 4.72 wt%, flavonoids 1.72 wt%, catechins 1830 ppm, Luteolin 293 ppm, Quercetin 185 ppm, Gallic acids 233 ppm. Volatile oil content 7.5 wt%, and 1,8-Cineol 5.2 wt%.

[0216] Example 7: Process for preparation of green cardamom aqueous extract in accordance with the present disclosure

[0217] Dried fruits of green cardamom were flaked in a double roller grooved flaker with flake thickness in the range of 1.5mm to 2.5 mm. 100 Kg of the flakes were charged into a stainless-steel vessel equipped with facilities for chilled water circulation, a reflux condenser, an agitator, and a steam jacket. 500 lit. of purified water was added to the stainless-steel vessel, followed by agitating at 50 rpm and circulated for 2 h at 55±5°C to obtain a first mixture. The so formed first mixture was filtered to obtain a first wet mass and first filtrate. The extraction process was repeated thrice with first wet mass and fresh water by using a similar process and conditions to obtain subsequent filtrates. The combined filtrates (first filtrate and subsequent filtrates) were mixed and concentrated under vacuum to a Brix level of 30% to 35%, at a temperature less than 50°C, to obtain a slurry. The slurry was mixed with 2 Kg of maltodextrin and homogenized at 400 bar pressure and 50°C to obtain a homogeneous mixture. The homogenous mixture was subjected to spray drying (inlet temperature 160°C and outlet temperature 92 °C) to obtain the cardamom extract powder.

[0218] The powder was evaluated for the various bioactive substances, wherein the bioactive substances include polyphenols 2.42 wt%, flavonoids 1.92 wt%, catechins 1840 ppm, Luteolin 350 ppm. Quercetin 128 ppm, Gallic acids 212 ppm, Volatile oil content 3.80 wt%, and 1,8 Cineol 1.18 wt%.

[0219] Example 8: Process for preparation of green cardamom extract in accordance with the present disclosure

[0220] Dried fruits of green cardamom were flaked in a double roller grooved flaker with flake thickness in the range of 1.5 mm to 2.5 mm to obtain black cardamom flakes. A batch of 100 kg of these flakes was then loaded into a stainless-steel extraction vessel equipped with a chilled water circulation system, reflux condenser, agitator, and steam jacket. 500 liters of purified water / ethyl alcohol mixture (80:20) was added to the stainless-steel vessel, followed by agitating at 50 rpm and circulated for 3 hours at a temperature of 55±5°C to obtain a first mixture. The so formed first mixture was filtered to obtain a first wet mass and first filtrate. The extraction process was then repeated 3 times using the same solvent system and under identical conditions to obtain subsequent filtrates. The combined filtrates (first filtrate and subsequent filtrates) were mixed and concentrated under vacuum to a Brix level of 30% to 35%, at a temperature less than 60°C, to obtain a slurry. The slurry was mixed with 2 Kg of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and homogenized at 400 bar pressure and 50°C to obtain a homogeneous mixture. The homogenous mixture was subjected to spray drying (inlet temperature 160°C and outlet temperature 92°C) to obtain the cardamom extract powder.

[0221] The powder was evaluated for the various bioactive substances, wherein the bioactive substances include polyphenols 4.38 wt%, flavonoids 2.80 wt%, catechins 2234 ppm, Luteolin 484 ppm. Quercetin 182 ppm, Gallic acids 310 ppm, Volatile oil content 6.2 wt%, and 1,8 Cineol 2.28 wt%.

[0222] Example 9: Process for the preparation of a composition in accordance with the present disclosure

[0223] 250 mg of black cardamom extract powder (example 2), 500 mg of sucralose, and 2.25 g of tapioca maltodextrin were added to a beaker and blended to obtain a homogeneous powder. The homogeneous powder was filled into a sachet.

[0224] Example 10: Process for the preparation of a composition in accordance with the present disclosure

[0225] 200 mg of caffeine, 250 mg of black cardamom extract powder (example 2), 500 mg of sucralose, and 2.05 g of tapioca maltodextrin were added into a beaker and blended to obtain a homogeneous powder. The homogeneous powder was filled as a sachet.

[0226] Example 11: Acute effect of MA2-24 on focus and attention in healthy working-class subjects

[0227] A total of ninety-six (96) healthy subjects, aged between 35 and 65 years and having a body mass index (BMI) ranging from 18.5 to 29.9 kg / m2, were enrolled for the study. All participants were working professionals who consented to maintain their habitual lifestyle and abstain from the use of medications, alcohol, and caffeine on the day prior to cognitive assessment.

[0228] The subjects were randomly assigned into four groups (n = 24 per group) as follows:

[0229] • Group 1 (Placebo Control): Received a placebo sachet dissolved in 200 mL of water, administered 30 minutes after breakfast.

[0230] • Group 2 (Composition of Example 9): Received MA2-24 (as described in Example 9) dissolved in 200 mL of water, administered 30 minutes after breakfast.

[0231] • Group 3 (Caffeine Control): Received caffeine sachet dissolved in 200 mL of water, administered 30 minutes after breakfast. • Group 4 (Combination - Example 10): Received a combination of 250 mg MA2-24 and 200 mg caffeine (as described in Example 10) dissolved in 200 mL of water, administered 30 minutes after breakfast.

[0232] The placebo group (group 1) received a 3 g sachet containing 250 mg of food-grade cellulose powder, 500 mg sucralose, and 2.25 g of tapioca maltodextrin.

[0233] The Caffeine group (group 3) received a 3 g sachet containing 200 mg caffeine, 500 mg sucralose, and 2.3 g of tapioca maltodextrin.

[0234] The clinical study was designed as an acute, single-dose, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group trial comprising four treatment arms. Prior to dosing, all participants underwent a preparation phase involving abstention from caffeine for a minimum of ten (10) hours.

[0235] On the day of assessment, baseline vital signs were recorded at 08:00 AM, followed by administration of a standardized breakfast at 08:30 AM. The investigational product was administered thirty (30) minutes post-breakfast. Cognitive performance assessments were subsequently conducted at specific intervals of 1 hour, 3 hours, 5 hours, and 8 hours following administration of the investigational product.

[0236] Cognitive parameters were assessed using the Symbol Digit Coding Test (SDCT), Shifting Attention Test (SAT), and Stroop Test (ST), as provided by the CNS Vital Signs assessment platform. Changes in test outcomes were subjected to statistical analysis, with between-group comparisons performed using an independent t-test.

[0237] 1. Shifting Attention Test

[0238] • Number of correct responses

[0239] The change from baseline (A delta) in the number of correct responses demonstrated a statistically significant increase in the MA2-24, caffeine, and combination groups at the first and third hour post-administration. At the fifth and eighth hour, the MA2-24 and caffeine groups exhibited non-significant increases, whereas the combination group showed a statistically significant improvement at the fifth hour. These results are illustrated in Figure 1 A.

[0240] • Reaction time

[0241] Administration of MA2-24 and caffeine resulted in a statistically significant reduction in reaction time (RT) compared to the placebo group (p < 0.05), as indicated by the change-from-baseline (A) values. The effect of MA2-24 was comparable to that of caffeine, with no statistically significant difference observed between the two. Notably, the combination group (MA2-24 + caffeine) demonstrated a greater reduction in reaction time relative to both the placebo and caffeine groups, including at the eighth hour post-administration, suggesting a synergistic and sustained cognitive effect. These results are illustrated in Figure IB.

[0242] Number of errors

[0243] Supplementation with MA2-24 and caffeine resulted in a statistically significant reduction in the ‘number of errors’ compared to the placebo group (p < 0.05) at the first and third hour post-administration. While both interventions were effective, caffeine exhibited a more pronounced effect during these early time points. The combination group (MA2-24 + caffeine) demonstrated superior performance, particularly at the fifth hour, suggesting that MA2-24 may contribute to a sustained cognitive benefit when administered in combination with caffeine. These results are illustrated in Figure IB.

[0244] 2. Symbol Digit Coding Test (SDCT)

[0245] • Number of correct responses

[0246] Both MA2-24 and caffeine supplementation resulted in a statistically significant increase in the change from baseline (A) in the number of correct responses compared to the placebo (p < 0.05) group at the first and third hour post-administration. No statistically significant differences were observed at the fifth and eighth hour for either MA2-24 or caffeine when administered individually. However, the combination group (MA2-24 + caffeine) demonstrated superior performance relative to both the placebo and caffeine groups at the first, third, and fifth hour time points. These results are illustrated in Figure 2A.

[0247] • Number of errors

[0248] MA2-24 and caffeine supplementation resulted in a statistically significant reduction in the change-from-baseline (A) number of errors compared to the placebo group (p < 0.05) at the first and third hour post-administration. The combination group (MA2-24 + caffeine) demonstrated superior efficacy, particularly at the fifth hour time point, suggesting a modulatory effect of MA2-24 on caffeine that contributes to sustained cognitive performance. These results are illustrated in Figure 2B.

[0249] 3. Stroop Test (ST)

[0250] • Simple reaction time

[0251] MA2-24 supplementation resulted in a statistically significant reduction in simple reaction time compared to both baseline and placebo (p < 0.05) at the first and third hour post-administration. While caffeine demonstrated a greater reduction in reaction time than MA2-24 during these early time points, its effect was not sustained at the fifth and eighth hours. In contrast, the combination group (MA2-24 + caffeine) exhibited a more pronounced and prolonged reduction in reaction time, with the effect persisting through the fifth hour. These findings indicate a synergistic interaction between MA2-24 and caffeine, wherein MA2-24 contributes to extending the cognitive benefits of caffeine. These results are illustrated in Figure 3 A.

[0252] • Stroop reaction time

[0253] MA2-24 and caffeine supplementation resulted in a statistically significant reduction in Stroop reaction time compared to the placebo group (p < 0.05) at the first and third hour postadministration. The combination group (MA2-24 + caffeine) demonstrated a greater reduction in Stroop reaction time than the caffeine-only group at the first, third, and fifth hour time points, indicating enhanced and sustained cognitive performance. These results are illustrated in Figure 3B.

[0254] It is evident from the above results in the acute study, the co- supplemented group exhibited prolonged cognitive benefits. Executive function, as measured by the Shifting Attention Test (SAT) through correct responses and error reduction, was sustained up to 5 hours post-administration in combination group (MA2-24 + Caffeine) (Fig. 1(A); Fig. 1(B)). Processing speed, assessed via SAT reaction time, Symbol Digit Coding Test (SDCT) correct responses and errors, and Stroop reaction time, showed extended improvements — up to 8 hours for SAT reaction time and up to 5 hours for SDCT and Stroop metrics (Fig. 1(B); Fig. 2(A); Fig. 2(B); Fig. 3(A); Fig. 3(B)). Complex attention, evaluated through SDCT correct responses and Stroop performance, demonstrated sustained enhancement up to 5 hours (Fig. 2(A); Fig.

[0255] 3(A); Fig. 3(B)).

[0256] The acute study also revealed significant cumulative or synergistic effects in the cosupplemented group. Executive function improvements at the 5th hour were notably greater than those observed with either MA2-24 or caffeine alone (Fig. 1(A); Fig. 1(B)). Processing speed evaluation including SAT reaction time, SDCT correct responses and errors, and Stroop reaction time showed cumulative benefits at the 5th hour (Fig. 1(B); Fig. 2(A); Fig. 2(B); Fig.

[0257] 3(A); Fig. 3(B)). Similarly, complex attention improvements in SDCT and Stroop tests at the 5th hour reflected significant synergistic effects (Fig. 2(A); Fig. 3(A); Fig. 3(B)). Example 12: Effect of 28 days supplementation of MA2-24 on focus and attention in healthy working-class subjects

[0258] A total of ninety-six (96) healthy subjects, aged between 35 and 65 years and having a body mass index (BMI) ranging from 18.5 to 29.9 kg / m2, were enrolled for the study. All participants were working professionals who consented to maintain their habitual lifestyle and abstain from the use of medications, alcohol, and caffeine on the day prior to cognitive assessment and till the completion of the study. The subjects described in Example 11 continued participation in the study through uninterrupted administration of the investigational product over 28 days. The subjects were randomly assigned into four groups (n = 24 per group) as follows:

[0259] • Group 1 (Placebo Control): Received a placebo sachet dissolved in 200 mL of water, administered 30 minutes after breakfast once daily.

[0260] • Group 2 (Composition of Example 9): Received MA2-24 (as described in Example 9) dissolved in 200 mL of water, administered 30 minutes after breakfast once daily.

[0261] • Group 3 (Caffeine Control): Received caffeine sachet dissolved in 200 mL of water, administered 30 minutes after breakfast once daily.

[0262] • Group 4 (Combination - Example 10): Received a combination of 250 mg MA2-24 and 200 mg caffeine (as described in Example 10) dissolved in 200 mL of water, administered 30 minutes after breakfast once daily.

[0263] The placebo group (group 1) received a 3 g sachet containing 250 mg of food-grade cellulose powder, 500 mg sucralose, and 2.25 g of tapioca maltodextrin.

[0264] The Caffeine group (group 3) received a 3 g sachet containing 200 mg caffeine, 500 mg sucralose, and 2.5 g of tapioca maltodextrin.

[0265] The clinical study was designed as a 28-day, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel -group trial comprising four treatment arms. Participants were instructed to maintain their habitual lifestyle and to abstain from the use of medications, alcohol, and caffeine on days preceding cognitive assessments. The investigational supplements were administered once daily, following breakfast, for a duration of 28 consecutive days. Upon completion of the supplementation period, cognitive performance was assessed using the Symbol Digit Coding Test (SDCT), Shifting Attention Test (SAT), and Stroop Test (ST), as provided by the CNS Vital Signs assessment battery. Changes in cognitive parameters were evaluated relative to the placebo group, and statistical analysis was performed using independent t-tests for between-group comparisons. 1. Shifting Attention Test (SAT)

[0266] • Number of correct responses

[0267] The delta values (A) of the number of correct responses demonstrated a statistically significant increase in both the MA2-24 and combination groups at the first, third, and fifth hour postadministration. The combination group (MA2-24 + caffeine) additionally exhibited a significant improvement at the eighth hour, indicating a sustained cognitive benefit. In contrast, the caffeine-only group showed a statistically significant increase at the first and third hour time points, with no significant effect observed thereafter. These results are illustrated in Figure 4A.

[0268] • Reaction time

[0269] MA2-24 and caffeine supplementation resulted in a statistically significant reduction in SAT reaction time (RT) compared to the placebo group (p < 0.05) at the first and third hour postadministration. No significant change in reaction time was observed for the caffeine group at the fifth and eighth hours. In contrast, the combination group (MA2-24 + caffeine) demonstrated a greater reduction in reaction time relative to both the placebo and caffeine groups, including at the eighth hour, indicating a sustained and enhanced cognitive effect. These results are illustrated in Figure 4B.

[0270] • Number of errors

[0271] MA2-24 supplementation resulted in a statistically significant reduction in the number of errors at the first, third, and fifth hour post-administration. Caffeine supplementation also produced a significant reduction in error count compared to the placebo group (p < 0.05) at the first and third hour time points. Notably, the combination group (MA2-24 + caffeine) demonstrated superior performance, with statistically significant reductions observed at both the fifth and eighth hour, indicating a synergistic effect of MA2-24 and caffeine. These results are illustrated in Figure 4C.

[0272] 2. Symbol Digit Coding Test (SDCT)

[0273] • Number of correct responses

[0274] MA2-24 supplementation resulted in a statistically significant increase in the change-from-baseline (A) number of correct responses compared to the placebo group (p < 0.05) at the first, third, and fifth hour post-administration, with no significant effect observed at the eighth hour. Caffeine supplementation produced a significant improvement at the first and third hour time points. The combination group (MA2-24 + caffeine) demonstrated superior performance relative to both placebo and caffeine groups up to the fifth hour, with the effect being significantly greater than that observed with MA2-24 alone. These results are illustrated in Figure 5A.

[0275] • Number of errors

[0276] MA2-24 supplementation resulted in a statistically significant reduction in the change-from-baseline (A) number of errors compared to the placebo group at the first, third, and fifth hour post-administration (p < 0.05). Caffeine supplementation showed a significant reduction in error count only at the first and third hour time points. The co-supplemented group (MA2-24 + caffeine) demonstrated superior efficacy, with statistically significant reductions observed even at the fifth and eighth hour, indicating enhanced and sustained cognitive accuracy through synergistic interaction. These results are illustrated in Figure 5B.

[0277] 3. Stroop Test (ST)

[0278] • Simple reaction time

[0279] MA2-24 supplementation resulted in a statistically significant reduction in Stroop simple reaction time compared to the placebo group (p < 0.05) at the first, third, and fifth hour postadministration. Caffeine supplementation produced a comparable reduction at the first and third hour time points. Notably, the combination group (MA2-24 + caffeine) demonstrated a greater reduction in reaction time than the caffeine-only group, with the effect sustained through the eighth hour, indicating a prolonged and synergistic cognitive benefit. These results are illustrated in Figure 6 A.

[0280] • Stroop reaction time

[0281] MA2-24 and caffeine supplementation resulted in a statistically significant reduction in Stroop reaction time compared to the placebo group at the first and third hour post-administration (p < 0.05). The combination group (caffeine + MA2-24) demonstrated a greater reduction in Stroop reaction time than the caffeine-only group, with significant effects observed at the first, third, and fifth hour time points, indicating enhanced and sustained cognitive performance. These results are illustrated in Figure 6B.

[0282] Safety and tolerability

[0283] Safety and tolerability of the investigational products were systematically monitored throughout the study using physical examinations and participant-reported outcomes. MA2-24 administration was well tolerated, with no clinically significant abnormalities observed during post-intervention evaluations. In contrast, 72% of participants in the caffeine-only group reported adverse effects, including increased heart rate (n = 6), gastrointestinal disturbances (n = 4), sleep disruptions (n = 4), and increased diuresis (n = 2). Notably, the combination group (MA2-24 + caffeine) exhibited a marked reduction in both the incidence (27%) and severity of reported discomforts. The primary adverse effects in this group are increased heart rate (n = 2), increased urination (n = 2), and gastrointestinal disturbance (n = 2), suggesting that MA2-24 (cardamom extract) may mitigate caffeine-associated side effects when administered in combination.

[0284] In the 28-day repeated-dose study, the co-supplemented group demonstrated further extension of cognitive benefits. Executive function improvements, as measured by SAT correct responses and error reduction, were sustained up to 8 hours (Fig. 4(A); Fig. 4(C)). Processing speed, including SAT reaction time, SDCT correct responses and errors, and Stroop reaction time, showed significant enhancement maintained through the 8th hour (Fig. 4(B); Fig. 5(A); Fig. 5(B); Fig. 6(A); Fig. 6(B)). Complex attention, assessed via SDCT and Stroop metrics, also exhibited sustained improvement up to 8 hours (Fig. 5(A); Fig. 6(A); Fig. 6(B)).

[0285] Cumulative or synergistic effects were evident in the repeated-dose study as well. Executive function improvements at both the 5th and 8th hour in the co-supplemented group were significantly greater when compared with other groups (Fig. 4(A); Fig. 4(C)). Processing speed metrics — including SAT reaction time, SDCT correct responses and errors, and Stroop reaction time — showed cumulative benefits at both time points (Fig. 4(B); Fig. 5(A); Fig. 5(B); Fig. 6(A); Fig. 6(B)). Complex attention improvements, as measured by SDCT and Stroop simple reaction time at the 5thhour (Fig. 5(A); Fig. 6(A)) and Stroop reaction time at both the 5thand 8thhour (Fig. 6(B)), further confirmed the synergistic efficacy of the combined intervention.

[0286] TECHNICAL ADVANCEMENTS

[0287] The present disclosure described herein above has several technical advantages, including, but not limited to, the realization of the cardamom extract that:

[0288] • is stable, safe, and effective;

[0289] • improves the cognitive performance and mental energy;

[0290] • improves cognitive function, focus, attention, accuracy, speed, reduces fatigue, and increases alertness;

[0291] • is easy to administer through the oral route;

[0292] • contains only GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe); and

[0293] • does not have any adverse effects; a nootropic composition for increasing cognition that

[0294] • provides synergistic activity with caffeine;

[0295] • provides sustained effect for caffeine (longer duration)

[0296] • reduce the adverse effects of caffeine; and

[0297] • reduce the dosage of caffeine;

[0298] a process for the preparation of the nootropic composition for increasing cognition that is:

[0299] • easy to prepare, economical, and easy to scale up.

[0300] Throughout this specification, the word “comprise”, or variations such as “comprises” or “comprising, will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated element, integer or step,” or group of elements, integers, or steps, but not the exclusion of any other element, integer or step, or group of elements, integers or steps.

[0301] The use of the expression “at least” or “at least one” suggests the use of one or more elements or ingredients or quantities, as the use may be in the embodiment of the invention to achieve one or more of the desired objects or results. While certain embodiments of the inventions have been described, these embodiments have been presented by way of example only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the inventions. Variations or modifications to the formulation of this invention, within the scope of the invention, may occur to those skilled in the art upon reviewing the disclosure herein. Such variations or modifications are well within the spirit of this invention.

[0302] The numerical values given for various physical parameters, dimensions and quantities are only approximate values and it is envisaged that the values higher than the numerical value assigned to the physical parameters, dimensions and quantities fall within the scope of the invention unless there is a statement in the specification to the contrary.

[0303] While considerable emphasis has been placed herein on the specific features of the preferred embodiment, it will be appreciated that many additional features can be added and that many changes can be made in the preferred embodiment without departing from the principles of the disclosure. These and other changes in the preferred embodiment of the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure herein, whereby it is to be distinctly understood that the foregoing descriptive matter is to be interpreted merely as illustrative of the disclosure and not as a limitation.

Claims

CLAIMS1. A composition for enhancing cognitive function in humans comprising cardamom extract, wherein the cardamom extract comprises polyphenols in the range of 2 wt% to 10 wt%, flavonoids in the range of 1 wt% to 4 wt%, volatile oil in the range of 2 wt% to 15 wt%, and 1,8-cineol in the range of 1 wt% to 10 wt%.

2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the cardamom extract further comprises catechins in the range of 1000 ppm to 2500 ppm, luteolin in the range of 100 ppm to 500 ppm, quercetin in the range of 100 ppm to 250 ppm, and gallic acids in the range of 150 ppm to 350 ppm.

3. The composition of claim 1, wherein the cardamom extract is obtained from black cardamom (Amomum subulatum) or green cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum).

4. The composition of claim 1, wherein cognitive function is at least one selected from alertness, focus, concentration, executive functions, cognitive flexibility, processing speed, complex attention, visual processing speed, working memory, reaction time, and cognitive inhibition.

5. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition further comprises an additive selected from microcrystalline cellulose, maltodextrin, cyclodextrin, starch, gum acacia, gum arabic, food-grade proteins, and their mixtures.

6. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is administered at a dose in the range of 100 mg / day to 1000 mg / day.

7. A process for the preparation of cardamom extract, the extract is prepared by following the steps:a. mixing cardamom flakes with a fluid medium, followed by heating at a first predetermined temperature for a first predetermined time period to obtain a first mixture;b. separating the first mixture to obtain a first wet mass and a first filtrate; c. mixing the first wet mass with a fluid medium, followed by heating at a first predetermined temperature for a first predetermined time period to obtain a second mixture;d. separating the second mixture to obtain a second wet mass and a second filtrate; e. iterating steps c) and d) for a predetermined number of times to obtain a wet mass and subsequent filtrates;f. separately mixing the first filtrate, said second filtrate, and said subsequent filtrates, followed by heating at a second predetermined temperature to obtain a slurry;g. optionally mixing the slurry with an additive to obtain a homogeneous mixture;andh. drying the homogeneous mixture to obtain the cardamom extract powder.

8. The process of claim 7, wherein the cardamom flakes are obtained from black cardamom (Amomum subulatum) or green cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum).

9. The process of claim 7, wherein the particle size of the cardamom flakes is in the range of 1 mm to 3 mm.

10. The process of claim 7, wherein the first predetermined temperature is in the range of 50°C to 60°C.

11. The process of claim 7, wherein the first predetermined time period is in the range of 2 hrs to 3 hrs.

12. The process of claim 7, wherein the fluid medium is at least one selected from water, water / ethanol mixture (20:80 v / v), water / ethanol mixture (30:70 v / v), water / ethanol mixture (40:60 v / v), water / ethanol mixture (50:50 v / v), water / acetone mixture (20:80 v / v), water / acetone mixture (30:70 v / v), water / acetone mixture (40:60 v / v), and water / acetone mixture (50:50 v / v).

13. The process of claim 7, wherein the predetermined number of times in step e) is in the range of 2 times to 5 times.

14. The process of claim 7, wherein the second predetermined temperature is in the range of 40°C to 60°C.

15. The process of claim 7, wherein the first predetermined time period is in the range of 2 hrs to 4 hrs.

16. The process of claim 7, wherein the additive is at least one selected from microcrystalline cellulose, maltodextrin, cyclodextrin, starch, gum acacia, gum arabic, food-grade proteins, and their mixtures.

17. The process of claim 7, wherein in step g) optionally mixed with cardamom essential oil.

18. The process of claim 7, wherein the drying is performed at a temperature in the range of 40°C to 200°C.

19. The process of claim 7, wherein the cardamom extract comprises polyphenols in the range of 2 wt% to 10 wt%, flavonoids in the range of 1 wt% to 4 wt%, volatile oil in the range of 2 wt% to 15 wt%, and 1,8 -cineol in the range of 2 wt% to 10 wt%.

20. The process of claim 19, wherein the cardamom extract further comprises catechins in the range of 1000 ppm to 2500 ppm, luteolin in the range of 100 ppm to 500 ppm, quercetin in the range of 100 ppm to 250 ppm, and gallic acids in the range of 150 ppm to 350 ppm.

21. A method for enhancing cognitive function selected from alertness, focus, concentration, executive functions, cognitive flexibility, processing speed, complex attention, visual processing speed, working memory, reaction time, and cognitive inhibition in a subject comprising administering to the subject, in need thereof, a therapeutically effective amount of cardamom extract of claim 7.

22. The process of claim 7, wherein the use of the cardamom extract in enhancing cognitive function is selected from alertness, focus, concentration, executive functions, cognitive flexibility, processing speed, complex attention, visual processing speed, working memory, reaction time, and cognitive inhibition.

23. Use of cardamom extract of claim 7, for enhancing cognitive function selected from alertness, focus, concentration, executive functions, cognitive flexibility, processing speed, complex attention, visual processing speed, working memory, reaction time, and cognitive inhibition.

24. A nootropic composition comprising:a. cardamom extract in an amount in the range of 40 wt% to 80 wt% with respect to the total weight of the composition; andb. caffeine in an amount in the range of 20 wt% to 60 wt% with respect to the total weight of the composition.

25. The composition of claim 24, wherein the cardamom extract is obtained from black cardamom (Amomum subulatum) or green cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum).

26. The composition of claim 24, whrein the cardamom extract comprises polyphenols in the range of 2 wt% to 10 wt%, flavonoids in the range of 1 wt% to 4 wt%, volatile oil in the range of 2 wt% to 15 wt%, 1,8 Cineol in the range of 1 wt% to 10 wt%, catechins in the range of 1000 ppm to 2500 ppm, luteolin in the range of 100 ppm to 500 ppm, quercetin in the range of 100 ppm to 250 ppm, and gallic acids in the range of 150 ppm to 350 ppm.

27. The composition of claim 24, wherein a ratio of the caffeine to cardamom extract is in the range of 1: 1 to 1:5 (w / w).

28. The composition of claim 24, further comprises at least one additive selected from maltodextrin, gum acacia, cyclodextrin, cellulose, starch, or food-grade proteins.

29. A method for enhancing cognitive function selected from alertness, focus, concentration, executive functions, cognitive flexibility, processing speed, complex attention, visual processing speed, working memory, reaction time, and cognitive inhibition in a subject comprising administering to the subject, in need thereof, a therapeutically effective amount of nootropic composition of claim 24.

30. The composition of claim 24, for use in enhancing cognitive function, selected from alertness, focus, concentration, executive functions, cognitive flexibility, processing speed, complex attention, visual processing speed, working memory, reaction time, and cognitive inhibition.

31. Use of composition of claim 24, for enhancing cognitive function selected from alertness, focus, concentration, executive functions, cognitive flexibility, processing speed, complex attention, visual processing speed, working memory, reaction time and cognitive inhibition.

32. The composition of claim 24, wherein the nootropic composition is in the form of tablets, capsules, gummies, gellies, and water-dispersible powder.

33. The composition of claim 24, wherein the composition is administered at a dose in the range of 200 mg / day to 2000 mg / day.

34. The composition of claim 24, wherein the cardamom extract, when combined with caffeine, reduces the effective dosage of caffeine, prolongs the effects of caffeine, and lowers the risk of caffeine dependence.

35. The composition of claim 24, wherein the cardamom extract, when combined with caffeine, enhances cognitive performance compared to administration of caffeine or the cardamom extract alone.

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