OD-SSB measurement method

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a method by which a UE communicates. The method comprises the steps in which: a UE receives an activation indication for an OD-SSB; the UE performs OD-SSB activation during a time window on the basis of the activation indication; and the UE measures the OD-SSB during the time window, wherein the time window includes a processing time for processing the activation indication and a measurement time during which the UE can measure the OD-SSB.

Description

OD-SSB measurement method

[0001] This specification relates to mobile communication.

[0002] 3GPP (3rd generation partnership project) LTE (long-term evolution) is a technology designed to enable high-speed packet communication. Many methods have been proposed to achieve LTE goals, such as reducing costs for users and operators, improving service quality, expanding coverage, and increasing system capacity. As high-level requirements, 3GPP LTE demands reduced cost per bit, improved service availability, flexible use of frequency bands, a simple structure, open interfaces, and appropriate power consumption of terminals.

[0003] Work has begun at the ITU (International Telecommunication Union) and 3GPP to develop requirements and specifications for new radio (NR) systems. 3GPP must identify and develop the technical components necessary to successfully standardize NR in a timely manner, satisfying both urgent market demands and the longer-term requirements presented by the ITU-R (ITU Radio Communication Sector) IMT (International Mobile Telecommunications)-2020 process. Furthermore, NR must be able to utilize any spectrum band up to at least 100 GHz so that it can be used for wireless communication even in the distant future.

[0004] NR targets a single technical framework that covers all deployment scenarios, usage scenarios, and requirements, including eMBB (enhanced mobile broadband), mMTC (massive machine type communications), and URLLC (ultra-reliable and low latency communications). NR must inherently be forward compatible.

[0005] Defines the OD-SSB activation time window.

[0006] FIG. 1 shows an example of a communication system to which the implementation of the present specification is applied.

[0007] FIG. 2 shows an example of a wireless device to which the implementation of the present specification applies.

[0008] FIG. 3 shows an example of a UE to which the implementation of the present specification applies.

[0009] Figure 4 is a figure showing an example of a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system.

[0010] Figure 5 shows an example of an electromagnetic spectrum.

[0011] Figure 6 illustrates an example of a subframe type in NR.

[0012] Figure 7 is an example diagram showing an example of SSB in NR.

[0013] Figure 8 is an example diagram showing an example of beam sweeping in NR.

[0014] Figure 9 shows an example of an OD-SSB scenario.

[0015] Figure 10 shows an example of a scenario for SSB adaptation.

[0016] FIG. 11 shows an example of OD-SSB inactivation and time window according to an embodiment of the present specification.

[0017] FIG. 12 shows an example of a time window without a valid measurement report according to an embodiment of the present specification.

[0018] FIG. 13 shows an example of a time window with a valid measurement report according to an embodiment of the present specification.

[0019] FIG. 14 shows an example of a time window end point according to an embodiment of the present specification.

[0020] FIG. 15 shows an example of a time window and a SCell activation end time according to an embodiment of the present specification.

[0021] FIG. 16 illustrates the procedure of the UE for the disclosure of the present specification.

[0022] The following techniques, devices, and systems may be applied to various wireless multiple access systems. Examples of multiple access systems include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and multicarrier frequency division multiple access (MC-FDMA) systems. CDMA may be implemented through wireless technologies such as universal terrestrial radio access (UTRA) or CDMA2000. TDMA may be implemented through wireless technologies such as global system for mobile communications (GSM), general packet radio service (GPRS), or enhanced data rates for GSM evolution (EDGE). OFDMA can be implemented through wireless technologies such as IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, or E-UTRA (evolved UTRA). UTRA is part of UMTS (universal mobile telecommunications system). 3GPP (3rd generation partnership project) LTE (long-term evolution) is part of E-UMTS (evolved UMTS) using E-UTRA.3GPP LTE uses OFDMA in the downlink (DL) and SC-FDMA in the uplink (UL). Evolutions of 3GPP LTE include LTE-A (advanced), LTE-A Pro, and / or 5G NR (new radio).

[0023] For convenience of explanation, the implementation of this specification is described primarily in relation to 3GPP-based wireless communication systems. However, the technical characteristics of this specification are not limited thereto. For example, the following detailed description is provided based on a mobile communication system corresponding to a 3GPP-based wireless communication system, but aspects of this specification that are not limited to 3GPP-based wireless communication systems may be applied to other mobile communication systems.

[0024] For terms and technologies used in this specification that are not specifically described, reference may be made to wireless communication standard documents published prior to this specification.

[0025] In this specification, "A or B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." Alternatively, in this specification, "A or B" may be interpreted as "A and / or B." For example, in this specification, "A, B or C" may mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C."

[0026] A slash ( / ) or a comma used in this specification may mean "and / or." For example, "A / B" may mean "A and / or B." Accordingly, "A / B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." For example, "A, B, C" may mean "A, B or C."

[0027] In this specification, "at least one of A and B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." Additionally, in this specification, the expressions "at least one of A or B" or "at least one of A and / or B" may be interpreted as synonymous with "at least one of A and B."

[0028] Additionally, in this specification, "at least one of A, B and C" may mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C." Furthermore, "at least one of A, B or C" or "at least one of A, B and / or C" may mean "at least one of A, B and C."

[0029] Additionally, parentheses used in this specification may mean "for example." Specifically, when indicated as "control information (PDCCH)," "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." In other words, "control information" in this specification is not limited to "PDCCH," and "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." Furthermore, even when indicated as "control information (i.e., PDCCH)," "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information."

[0030] Technical features described individually within a single drawing in this specification may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0031] Although not limited thereto, the various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this specification may be applied to various fields where wireless communication and / or connectivity between devices (e.g., 5G) is required.

[0032] The present specification will be described in more detail below with reference to the drawings. In the following drawings and / or description, the same reference numerals may refer to the same or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, and / or function blocks unless otherwise indicated.

[0033] FIG. 1 shows an example of a communication system to which the implementation of the present specification is applied.

[0034] The 5G usage scenario shown in FIG. 1 is merely an example, and the technical features of this specification may be applied to other 5G usage scenarios not shown in FIG. 1.

[0035] The three main requirements categories for 5G are (1) enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) category, (2) massive machine type communication (mMTC) category, and (3) ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC) category.

[0036] Referring to FIG. 1, the communication system (1) includes wireless devices (100a to 100f), a base station (BS; 200), and a network (300). FIG. 1 illustrates a 5G network as an example of the network of the communication system (1), but the implementation of the present specification is not limited to a 5G system and may be applied to future communication systems beyond a 5G system.

[0037] The base station (200) and the network (300) can be implemented as wireless devices, and a specific wireless device can operate as a base station / network node in relation to another wireless device.

[0038] Wireless devices (100a to 100f) represent devices that perform communication using radio access technology (RAT) (e.g., 5G NR or LTE) and may also be referred to as communication / wireless / 5G devices. Wireless devices (100a to 100f) may include, but are not limited to, robots (100a), vehicles (100b-1 and 100b-2), extended reality (XR) devices (100c), portable devices (100d), home appliances (100e), IoT devices (100f), and artificial intelligence (AI) devices / servers (400). For example, vehicles may include vehicles with wireless communication capabilities, autonomous vehicles, and vehicles capable of performing communication between vehicles. Vehicles may include unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) (e.g., drones). XR devices may include AR / VR / mixed reality (MR) devices and may be implemented in the form of head-mounted devices (HMDs) and head-up displays (HUDs) mounted on vehicles, televisions, smartphones, computers, wearable devices, home appliances, digital signs, vehicles, robots, etc. Portable devices may include smartphones, smart pads, wearable devices (e.g., smartwatches or smart glasses), and computers (e.g., laptops). Home appliances may include TVs, refrigerators, and washing machines. IoT devices may include sensors and smart meters.

[0039] In this specification, wireless devices (100a to 100f) may be referred to as user equipment (UE). The UE may include, for example, a mobile phone, a smartphone, a laptop computer, a digital broadcasting terminal, a PDA (personal digital assistant), a PMP (portable multimedia player), a navigation system, a slate PC, a tablet PC, an ultrabook, a vehicle, a vehicle with autonomous driving capabilities, a connected car, a UAV, an AI module, a robot, an AR device, a VR device, an MR device, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, an IoT device, a medical device, a fintech device (or financial device), a security device, a weather / environment device, a 5G service-related device, or a device related to the Fourth Industrial Revolution.

[0040] For example, a UAV can be an aircraft that is not on board and is navigated by radio control signals.

[0041] For example, a VR device may include a device for implementing objects or backgrounds in a virtual environment. For example, an AR device may include a device that implements objects or backgrounds in a virtual world by connecting them to objects or backgrounds in a real world. For example, an MR device may include a device that implements objects or backgrounds in a virtual world by merging them with objects or backgrounds in a real world. For example, a holographic device may include a device for implementing a 360-degree stereoscopic image by recording and playing back stereoscopic information using the phenomenon of light interference that occurs when two laser lights called holograms meet.

[0042] For example, a public safety device may include an image relay device or an image device that can be worn on a user's body.

[0043] For example, MTC devices and IoT devices may be devices that do not require direct human intervention or operation. For instance, MTC devices and IoT devices may include smart meters, vending machines, thermometers, smart light bulbs, door locks, or various sensors.

[0044] For example, a medical device may be a device used for the purpose of diagnosing, treating, alleviating, curing, or preventing a disease. For example, a medical device may be a device used to diagnose, treat, alleviate, or correct an injury or damage. For example, a medical device may be a device used for the purpose of examining, replacing, or modifying a structure or function. For example, a medical device may be a device used for the purpose of regulating pregnancy. For example, a medical device may include a therapeutic device, a driving device, a (in vitro) diagnostic device, a hearing aid, or a surgical device.

[0045] For example, a security device may be a device installed to prevent potential risks and maintain safety. For example, a security device may be a camera, closed-circuit TV (CCTV), a recorder, or a black box.

[0046] For example, a fintech device may be a device capable of providing financial services such as mobile payments. For example, a fintech device may include a payment device or a POS system.

[0047] For example, a weather / environment device may include a device for monitoring or predicting the weather / environment.

[0048] Wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to a network (300) through a base station (200). AI technology may be applied to the wireless devices (100a to 100f), and the wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to an AI server (400) through the network (300). The network (300) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR) network, and a network after 5G. The wireless devices (100a to 100f) may communicate with each other through the base station (200) / network (300), but they may also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the base station (200) / network (300). For example, vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2) can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (vehicle-to-vehicle) / V2X (vehicle-to-everything) communication). Also, IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices (100a to 100f).

[0049] Wireless communication / connections (150a, 150b, 150c) can be established between wireless devices (100a to 100f) and / or between wireless devices (100a to 100f) and base station (200) and / or between base station (200). Here, the wireless communication / connections can be established through various RATs (e.g., 5G NR), such as uplink / downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or D2D (device-to-device) communication), and communication between base stations (150c) (e.g., relay, IAB (integrated access and backhaul)). Through the wireless communication / connections (150a, 150b, 150c), wireless devices (100a to 100f) and base station (200) can transmit / receive wireless signals to / from each other. For example, wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) may transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, based on various proposals in this specification, at least some of the following may be performed: a process for setting various configuration information for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, a process for various signal processing (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), and a resource allocation process.

[0050] AI refers to the field of researching artificial intelligence or the methodologies to create it, while machine learning refers to the field of researching methodologies to define and solve various problems within the realm of artificial intelligence. Machine learning is also defined as an algorithm that improves performance on a task through continuous experience.

[0051] A robot can refer to a machine that automatically processes or operates given tasks based on its own capabilities. In particular, a robot equipped with the ability to perceive its environment, make independent judgments, and perform actions can be called an intelligent robot. Robots can be classified into industrial, medical, domestic, and military types depending on their purpose or field of use. Robots are equipped with drive units, including actuators or motors, to perform various physical movements, such as moving robot joints. Additionally, mobile robots include wheels, brakes, propellers, etc., in their drive units, enabling them to drive on the ground or fly in the air.

[0052] Autonomous driving refers to technology that drives itself, and an autonomous vehicle refers to a vehicle that drives without user intervention or with minimal user intervention. For example, autonomous driving can include technologies such as maintaining the driving lane, automatically adjusting speed like adaptive cruise control, driving automatically along a predetermined route, and automatically setting a route and driving once a destination is set. The term "vehicle" encompasses vehicles equipped solely with internal combustion engines, hybrid vehicles equipped with both internal combustion engines and electric motors, and electric vehicles equipped solely with electric motors; it can include not only automobiles but also trains and motorcycles. An autonomous vehicle can be viewed as a robot equipped with autonomous driving capabilities.

[0053] Augmented Reality is a collective term for VR, AR, and MR. VR technology provides real-world objects or backgrounds solely as CG images, AR technology provides virtual CG images superimposed on images of real objects, and MR technology is a CG technology that mixes and combines virtual objects with the real world. MR technology is similar to AR technology in that it displays real-world and virtual objects together. However, there is a difference in that while virtual objects in AR technology are used to complement real-world objects, virtual and real objects in MR technology are used as equal entities.

[0054] NR supports multiple numerologies or subcarrier spacings (SCS) to support various 5G services. For example, when the SCS is 15 kHz, it supports a wide area in traditional cellular bands; when the SCS is 30 kHz / 60 kHz, it supports dense-urban areas, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidth; and when the SCS is 60 kHz or higher, it supports a bandwidth greater than 24.25 GHz to overcome phase noise.

[0055] The NR frequency band can be defined by two types of frequency ranges (FR1, FR2). The numerical values ​​of the frequency ranges may change. For example, the two types of frequency ranges (FR1, FR2) may be as shown in Table 1 below. For convenience of explanation, among the frequency ranges used in the NR system, FR1 may mean "sub 6GHz range" and FR2 may mean "above 6GHz range" and may be referred to as millimeter wave (mmW).

[0056] Frequency Range Definition Frequency Range Subcarrier Spacing FR1 450 MHz - 6000 MHz 15, 30, 60 kHz FR2 24 250 MHz - 52600 MHz 60, 120, 240 kHz

[0057] As described above, the numerical values ​​of the frequency range of the NR system may change. For example, FR1 may include a band of 410 MHz to 7125 MHz as shown in Table 2 below. That is, FR1 may include a frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) or higher. For example, the frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) or higher included within FR1 may include an unlicensed band. The unlicensed band may be used for various purposes, for example, for communication for vehicles (e.g., autonomous driving).

[0058] Frequency Range Definition Frequency Range Subcarrier Spacing FR1 4 10 MHz - 7 125 MHz 15, 30, 60 kHz FR2 24 250 MHz - 5 2600 MHz 60, 120, 240 kHz

[0059] Here, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless device of this specification may include LTE, NR, and 6G, as well as narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) for low-power communication. For example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) technology and may be implemented according to standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, but is not limited to the names mentioned above. Additionally, or generally, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless device of this specification may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. For example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology and may be referred to by various names such as enhanced MTC (eMTC). For example, LTE-M technology may be implemented in at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-bandwidth limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE MTC, and / or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the names mentioned above. Additionally or generally, wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless device of this specification may include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and / or LPWAN for low-power communication, and is not limited to the names mentioned above. For example, ZigBee technology may create personal area networks (PANs) related to small / low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and may be referred to by various names.

[0060] FIG. 2 shows an example of a wireless device to which the implementation of the present specification applies.

[0061] In FIG. 2, the first wireless device (100) and / or the second wireless device (200) may be implemented in various forms depending on the use example / service. For example, {the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200)} may correspond to at least one of {wireless devices (100a–100f) and base station (200)}, {wireless devices (100a–100f) and wireless devices (100a–100f)} and / or {base station (200) and base station (200)} of FIG. 1. The first wireless device (100) and / or the second wireless device (200) may be composed of various components, devices / parts and / or modules.

[0062] The first wireless device (100) may include at least one transceiver such as a transceiver (106), at least one processing chip such as a processing chip (101), and / or one or more antennas (108).

[0063] The processing chip (101) may include at least one processor, such as a processor (102), and at least one memory, such as a memory (104). Additionally and / or generally, the memory (104) may be placed outside the processing chip (101).

[0064] The processor (102) can control the memory (104) and / or the transceiver (106) and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed herein. For example, the processor (102) may process information within the memory (104) to generate a first information / signal and transmit a wireless signal containing the first information / signal through the transceiver (106). The processor (102) may receive a wireless signal containing a second information / signal through the transceiver (106) and process the second information / signal to store the obtained information in the memory (104).

[0065] Memory (104) may be connected to the processor (102) so as to be operable. Memory (104) may store various types of information and / or instructions. Memory (104) may store firmware and / or software code (105) that implements code, instructions, and / or a set of instructions that perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this specification when executed by the processor (102). For example, firmware and / or software code (105) may implement instructions that perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this specification when executed by the processor (102). For example, firmware and / or software code (105) may control the processor (102) to perform one or more protocols. For example, firmware and / or software code (105) may control the processor (102) to perform one or more wireless interface protocol layers.

[0066] Here, the processor (102) and memory (104) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement a RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). A transceiver (106) may be connected to the processor (102) and may transmit and / or receive a wireless signal through one or more antennas (108). Each transceiver (106) may include a transmitter and / or receiver. The transceiver (106) may be interchangeably used with an RF (radio frequency) unit. In this specification, the first wireless device (100) may represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0067] The second wireless device (200) may include at least one transceiver such as a transceiver (206), at least one processing chip such as a processing chip (201), and / or one or more antennas (208).

[0068] The processing chip (201) may include at least one processor, such as a processor (202), and at least one memory, such as a memory (204). Additionally and / or alternatively, the memory (204) may be placed outside the processing chip (201).

[0069] The processor (202) can control the memory (204) and / or the transceiver (206) and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed herein. For example, the processor (202) may process information within the memory (204) to generate a third information / signal and transmit a wireless signal containing the third information / signal through the transceiver (206). The processor (202) may receive a wireless signal containing a fourth information / signal through the transceiver (206) and process the fourth information / signal to store the obtained information in the memory (204).

[0070] Memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) so as to be operable. Memory (204) may store various types of information and / or instructions. Memory (204) may store firmware and / or software code (205) that implements instruction code, instructions, and / or sets of instructions that perform descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this specification when executed by the processor (202). For example, firmware and / or software code (205) may implement instructions that perform descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this specification when executed by the processor (202). For example, firmware and / or software code (205) may control the processor (202) to perform one or more protocols. For example, firmware and / or software code (205) may control the processor (202) to perform one or more wireless interface protocol layers.

[0071] Here, the processor (202) and memory (204) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement a RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). A transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and transmit and / or receive a wireless signal through one or more antennas (208). Each transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and / or receiver. The transceiver (206) may be interchangeably used with an RF unit. In this specification, the second wireless device (200) may represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0072] Hereinafter, hardware elements of the wireless device (100, 200) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors (102, 202). For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as a PHY (physical) layer, a MAC (media access control) layer, a RLC (radio link control) layer, a PDCP (packet data convergence protocol) layer, a RRC (radio resource control) layer, and an SDAP (service data adaptation protocol) layer). One or more processors (102, 202) may generate one or more PDUs (protocol data units), one or more SDUs (service data units), messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this specification. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate a signal (e.g., baseband signal) including a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the description, function, procedure, proposal, method, and / or operation flowchart disclosed in this specification and provide it to one or more transceivers (106, 206). One or more processors (102, 202) may receive a signal (e.g., baseband signal) from one or more transceivers (106, 206) and may obtain a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the description, function, procedure, proposal, method, and / or operation flowchart disclosed in this specification.

[0073] One or more processors (102, 202) may be referred to as a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, and / or a microcomputer. One or more processors (102, 202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, and / or a combination thereof. For example, one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), one or more digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), one or more programmable logic devices (PLDs), and / or one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors (102, 202). For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may be composed of a set of communication control processors, application processors (APs), electronic control units (ECUs), central processing units (CPUs), graphic processing units (GPUs), and memory control processors.

[0074] One or more memories (104, 204) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and / or commands. One or more memories (104, 204) may consist of random access memory (RAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), flash memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, hard drives, registers, cache memory, computer read storage media, and / or combinations thereof. One or more memories (104, 204) may be located inside and / or outside of one or more processors (102, 202). Additionally, one or more memories (104, 204) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) through various technologies such as wired or wireless connections.

[0075] One or more transceivers (106, 206) may transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as described in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this specification to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers (106, 206) may receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as described in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this specification from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and may transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to transmit user data, control information, wireless signals, etc., to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors (102, 202) can control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to receive user data, control information, wireless signals, etc. from one or more other devices.

[0076] One or more transceivers (106, 206) may be connected to one or more antennas (108, 208). Additionally and / or generally, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include one or more antennas (108, 208). One or more transceivers (106, 206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as described in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed herein through one or more antennas (108, 208). In this specification, one or more antennas (108, 208) may be a plurality of physical antennas or a plurality of logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports).

[0077] One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. from RF band signals to baseband signals in order to process received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. using one or more processors (102, 202). One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert processed user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. from baseband signals to RF band signals using one or more processors (102, 202). To this end, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include (analog) oscillators and / or filters. For example, one or more transceivers (106, 206) can up-convert an OFDM baseband signal into an OFDM signal through an (analog) oscillator and / or filter under the control of one or more processors (102, 202) and transmit the up-converted OFDM signal at a carrier frequency. One or more transceivers (106, 206) can receive an OFDM signal at a carrier frequency and down-convert the OFDM signal into an OFDM baseband signal through an (analog) oscillator and / or filter under the control of one or more processors (102, 202).

[0078] Although not illustrated in FIG. 2, the wireless device (100, 200) may include additional components. The additional components (140) may be configured in various ways depending on the type of the wireless device (100, 200). For example, the additional components (140) may include at least one of a power unit / battery, an input / output (I / O) device (e.g., audio I / O port, video I / O port), a driving unit, and a computing unit. The additional components (140) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) through various technologies, such as wired or wireless connections.

[0079] In an implementation of this specification, the UE may operate as a transmitting device in the uplink (UL; uplink) and as a receiving device in the downlink (DL; downlink). In an implementation of this specification, the base station may operate as a receiving device in the UL and as a transmitting device in the DL. For technical convenience, it is generally assumed that the first wireless device (100) operates as a UE and the second wireless device (200) operates as a base station. For example, a processor (102) connected to, mounted on, or released to the first wireless device (100) may be configured to perform UE operations according to an implementation of this specification or to control a transceiver (106) to perform UE operations according to an implementation of this specification. A processor (202) connected to, mounted on, or released to the second wireless device (200) may be configured to perform base station operations according to an implementation of this specification or to control a transceiver (206) to perform base station operations according to an implementation of this specification.

[0080] In this specification, the base station may be referred to as Node B, eNode B, or gNB.

[0081] FIG. 3 shows an example of a UE to which the implementation of the present specification applies.

[0082] Referring to FIG. 3, the UE (100) can correspond to the first wireless device (100) of FIG. 2.

[0083] The UE (100) includes a processor (102), memory (104), transceiver (106), one or more antennas (108), a power management module (141), a battery (142), a display (143), a keypad (144), a SIM (Subscriber Identification Module) card (145), a speaker (146), and a microphone (147).

[0084] The processor (102) may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed herein. The processor (102) may be configured to control one or more other components of the UE (100) to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed herein. Layers of a wireless interface protocol may be implemented in the processor (102). The processor (102) may include an ASIC, other chipsets, logic circuits, and / or data processing devices. The processor (102) may be an application processor. The processor (102) may include at least one of a DSP, a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), and a modem (modulator and demodulator). An example of the processor (102) is the SNAPDRAGON manufactured by Qualcomm®. TM Series processor, EXYNOS made by Samsung® TM Series processors, A Series processors made by Apple®, HELIO made by MediaTek® TM Series processors, ATOM made by Intel® TM It can be found in series processors or corresponding next-generation processors.

[0085] Memory (104) is coupled to the processor (102) so as to be operable and stores various information for operating the processor (102). Memory (104) may include ROM, RAM, flash memory, memory card, storage medium and / or other storage device. When the implementation is implemented in software, the technology described herein may be implemented using modules (e.g., procedures, functions, etc.) that perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operation flowcharts disclosed herein. Modules may be stored in memory (104) and executed by the processor (102). Memory (104) may be implemented within the processor (102) or outside the processor (102), in which case it may be communicatively coupled to the processor (102) through various methods known in the technology.

[0086] A transceiver (106) is coupled to operate with a processor (102) and transmits and / or receives a wireless signal. The transceiver (106) includes a transmitter and a receiver. The transceiver (106) may include a baseband circuit for processing a wireless frequency signal. The transceiver (106) controls one or more antennas (108) to transmit and / or receive a wireless signal.

[0087] The power management module (141) manages the power of the processor (102) and / or the transceiver (106). The battery (142) supplies power to the power management module (141).

[0088] The display (143) outputs the result processed by the processor (102). The keypad (144) receives input to be used by the processor (102). The keypad (144) can be displayed on the display (143).

[0089] A SIM card (145) is an integrated circuit for securely storing an International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) and associated keys, and is used to identify and authenticate a subscriber in a mobile device such as a mobile phone or computer. Additionally, contact information can be stored on many SIM cards.

[0090] The speaker (146) outputs sound-related results processed by the processor (102). The microphone (147) receives sound-related input to be used by the processor (102).

[0091] <6G System General>

[0092] The 6G (wireless communication) system aims for (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) reduced energy consumption of battery-free IoT devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision of the 6G system can be seen in four aspects: intelligent connectivity, deep connectivity, holographic connectivity, and ubiquitous connectivity, and the 6G system can satisfy the requirements shown in Table 1 below. In other words, Table 1 is a table representing an example of the requirements for a 6G system.

[0093] Per device peak data rate1 TbpsE2E latency1 msMaximum spectral efficiency100bps / HzMobility supportUp to 1000km / hrSatellite integrationFullyAIFullyAutonomous vehicleFullyXRFullyHaptic CommunicationFully

[0094] 6G systems can have key factors such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC), massive machine-type communication (mMTC), AI integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0095] Figure 4 is a figure showing an example of a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system.

[0096] 6G systems are expected to have 50 times higher simultaneous wireless connectivity than 5G wireless communication systems. URLLC, a key feature of 5G, will become an even more dominant technology in 6G communication by providing end-to-end latency of less than 1ms. Unlike the frequently used area spectrum efficiency, 6G systems will exhibit significantly superior volume spectrum efficiency. 6G systems can provide very long battery life and advanced battery technologies for energy harvesting, meaning mobile devices in 6G systems will not require separate charging. New network characteristics in 6G may include the following.

[0097] - Satellite Integrated Network: 6G is expected to be integrated with satellites to provide a global mobile population. Integrating terrestrial, satellite, and airborne networks into a single wireless communication system is crucial for 6G.

[0098] - Connected Intelligence: Unlike previous generations of wireless communication systems, 6G is innovative and will update wireless evolution from "connected things" to "connected intelligence." AI can be applied at each stage of the communication process (or at each step of the signal processing described below).

[0099] - Seamless integration of wireless information and energy transfer: 6G wireless networks will transfer power to charge the batteries of devices such as smartphones and sensors. Therefore, wireless information and energy transfer (WIET) will be integrated.

[0100] - Ubiquitous Super 3D Connectivity: Connectivity to the network and core network functions of drones and very low Earth orbit satellites will create Super 3D connectivity in 6G ubiquitous.

[0101] Some general requirements regarding the new network characteristics of 6G mentioned above may be as follows.

[0102] - Small cell networks: The idea of ​​small cell networks was introduced to improve the quality of received signals in cellular systems as a result of increased throughput, energy efficiency, and spectrum efficiency. Consequently, small cell networks are an essential feature of communication systems for 5G and beyond 5G (5GB). Therefore, 6G communication systems also adopt the characteristics of small cell networks.

[0103] - Ultra-dense heterogeneous network: Ultra-dense heterogeneous networks will be another important characteristic of 6G communication systems. Multi-tier networks composed of heterogeneous networks improve overall QoS and reduce costs.

[0104] - High-capacity backhaul: Backhaul connections are characterized as high-capacity backhaul networks to support high-volume traffic. High-speed fiber optics and free-space optics (FSO) systems can be possible solutions to this problem.

[0105] - Radar technology integrated with mobile technology: High-precision localization (or location-based services) through communication is one of the functions of 6G wireless communication systems. Therefore, radar systems will be integrated with 6G networks.

[0106] - Softwarization and virtualization: Softwarization and virtualization are two important features that form the basis of the design process in 5GB networks to ensure flexibility, reconfigurability, and programmability. Additionally, billions of devices can be shared across a shared physical infrastructure.

[0107] <Key Implementation Technologies of 6G Systems>

[0108] Artificial Intelligence

[0109] The most critical and newly introduced technology for 6G systems is AI. AI was not involved in 4G systems. 5G systems will support AI partially or to a very limited extent. However, 6G systems will be supported by AI for complete automation. Advancements in machine learning will create more intelligent networks for real-time communication in 6G. Introducing AI into communications can streamline and enhance real-time data transmission. AI can determine how complex target tasks are performed using numerous analyses. In other words, AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing latency.

[0110] Time-consuming tasks such as handover, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly by using AI. AI can also play a significant role in M2M, machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communication. Furthermore, AI can enable rapid communication in Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0111] Recently, attempts to integrate AI with wireless communication systems have emerged, but these have primarily focused on the application and network layers, particularly deep learning in the field of wireless resource management and allocation. However, such research is increasingly advancing toward the MAC and physical layers, with attempts to combine deep learning with wireless transmission, particularly at the physical layer. AI-based physical layer transmission refers to the application of signal processing and communication mechanisms based on AI drivers rather than traditional communication frameworks in terms of fundamental signal processing and communication mechanisms. Examples include deep learning-based channel coding and decoding, deep learning-based signal estimation and detection, deep learning-based MIMO mechanisms, and AI-based resource scheduling and allocation.

[0112] Machine learning can be used for channel estimation and channel tracking, and for power allocation and interference cancellation in the physical layer of the downlink (DL). In addition, machine learning can be used for antenna selection, power control, and symbol detection in MIMO systems.

[0113] Machine learning refers to a series of operations for training machines to create machines capable of performing tasks that humans can or find difficult to do. Machine learning requires data and learning models. Data learning methods in machine learning can be broadly classified into three types: supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning.

[0114] The purpose of neural network training is to minimize output errors. It is a process that repeatedly inputs training data into a neural network, calculates the error between the network's output and the target for the training data, and updates the weights of each node by backpropagating the error from the output layer to the input layer in a direction that reduces the error.

[0115] Supervised learning uses training data with correct answers labeled, whereas unsupervised learning may not have correct answers labeled. That is, for example, in the case of supervised learning regarding data classification, the training data may consist of data where each training data point is labeled with a category. Labeled training data is input into a neural network, and an error can be calculated by comparing the network's output (category) with the labels of the training data. The calculated error is backpropagated within the neural network (i.e., from the output layer to the input layer), and the connection weights of each node in each layer of the neural network can be updated according to this backpropagation. The amount of change in the connection weights of each node being updated can be determined by the learning rate. The neural network's calculations on the input data and the backpropagation of the error can constitute a learning cycle (epoch). The learning rate can be applied differently depending on the number of iterations of the neural network's learning cycle. For example, efficiency can be increased by using a high learning rate in the early stages of neural network training to enable the network to quickly achieve a certain level of performance, and accuracy can be improved by using a low learning rate in the later stages of training.

[0116] The learning method may vary depending on the characteristics of the data. For example, if the goal is to accurately predict data transmitted from the transmitting end at the receiving end in a communication system, it is desirable to perform learning using supervised learning rather than unsupervised learning or reinforcement learning.

[0117] A learning model corresponds to the human brain, and while the most basic linear model can be considered, a machine learning paradigm that uses highly complex neural network structures, such as artificial neural networks, as learning models is called deep learning.

[0118] The neural network cores used for learning methods are broadly classified into deep neural networks (DNN), convolutional deep neural networks (CNN), recurrent Boltzmann machines (RNN), and spiking neural networks (SNN).

[0119] THz Communication (Terahertz Communication)

[0120] Data transmission rates can be increased by expanding bandwidth. This can be achieved by using sub-THz communication with wide bandwidth and applying advanced large-scale MIMO technology. THz waves, also known as sub-millimeter radiation, generally refer to a frequency band between 0.1 THz and 10 THz with corresponding wavelengths ranging from 0.03 mm to 3 mm. The 100 GHz–300 GHz band range (Sub-THz band) is considered the primary portion of the THz band for cellular communication. Adding the Sub-THz band to the mmWave band increases 6G cellular communication capacity. Among the defined THz bands, the 300 GHz–3 THz band is located in the far-infrared (IR) frequency band. Although the 300 GHz–3 THz band is part of the broadband, it lies at the boundary of the broadband and immediately following the RF band. Therefore, this 300 GHz–3 THz band exhibits similarities to RF.

[0121] Figure 5 shows an example of an electromagnetic spectrum.

[0122] Key characteristics of THz communication include (i) widely available bandwidth to support very high data transmission rates, and (ii) high path loss occurring at high frequencies (highly directional antennas are indispensable). The narrow beam width generated by highly directional antennas reduces interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows a much larger number of antenna elements to be integrated into devices and BSs operating in this band. This enables the use of advanced adaptive array technologies that can overcome range limitations.

[0123] Large-scale MIMO

[0124] One of the key technologies for improving spectrum efficiency is the application of MIMO technology. As MIMO technology improves, spectrum efficiency also improves. Therefore, large-scale MIMO technology will be important in 6G systems. Since MIMO technology utilizes multiple paths, multiplexing technology and beam generation and operation technology suitable for the THz band must also be given important consideration to enable data signals to be transmitted through one or more paths.

[0125] Hologram Beam Forming (HBF)

[0126] Beamforming is a signal processing procedure that adjusts an antenna array to transmit wireless signals in a specific direction. It is a subset of smart antennas or advanced antenna systems. Beamforming technology offers several advantages, such as a high signal-to-noise ratio, interference prevention and rejection, and high network efficiency. Holographic Beamforming (HBF) is a new beamforming method that differs significantly from MIMO systems because it utilizes software-defined antennas. HBF is expected to be a highly effective approach for the efficient and flexible transmission and reception of signals in multi-antenna communication devices in 6G.

[0127] Optical wireless technology

[0128] Optical wireless communication (OWC) is a form of optical communication that transmits signals using visible light, infrared (IR), or ultraviolet (UV). OWC operating in the visible light band (e.g., 390–750 nm) is generally referred to as Visible Light Communication (VLC). Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) can be utilized for VLC implementation. VLC can be used in various applications, including wireless local area networks, wireless personal communication networks, and vehicle networks.

[0129] VLC offers the following advantages over RF-based technologies. First, the spectrum occupied by VLC is in the free / unlicensed band and can provide extensive bandwidth (THz-level bandwidth). Second, VLC causes minimal interference to other electromagnetic devices. Therefore, VLC can be applied to sensitive electromagnetic interference applications, such as aircraft and hospitals. Third, VLC offers strengths in communication security and privacy protection. The transmission medium of VLC-based networks, namely visible light, cannot penetrate walls or other opaque obstacles. Consequently, the transmission range of VLC can be limited to indoors, thereby protecting users' personal and sensitive information. Fourth, since VLC can utilize lighting sources as base stations, expensive base stations are not required.

[0130] Free-space Optical Communication (FSO) is an optical communication technology that uses light propagating in free space, such as air, outer space, or a vacuum, to wirelessly transmit data for communication or computer networking. FSO can be used as a point-to-point OWC system on the ground. FSO can operate at near-infrared frequencies (750–1600 nm). Laser transmitters can be used for FSO implementation, and FSO can provide high data rates (e.g., 10 Gbit / s), offering a potential solution to backhaul bottlenecks.

[0131] These OWC technologies were planned for 6G communication in addition to RF-based communication for all possible device-to-access networks. These networks connect to network-to-backhaul / fronthaul network connections. Although OWC technologies have already been in use since 4G communication systems, they will be used more widely to meet the demands of 6G communication systems. OWC technologies such as light fidelity, visible light communication, optical camera communication, and broadband-based FSO communication are already well-known technologies. Communication based on optical radio technology can provide very high data rates, low latency, and secure communication.

[0132] LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) can also be utilized for ultra-high resolution 3D mapping in 6G communication based on wide bandwidth. LiDAR refers to a remote sensing method that measures distance by illuminating an object with near-infrared, visible, and ultraviolet light and detecting the reflected light through an optical sensor. LiDAR can be used for fully autonomous driving in automobiles.

[0133] FSO Backhaul Network

[0134] The transmitter and receiver characteristics of an FSO system are similar to those of a fiber optic network. Therefore, data transmission in an FSO system is similar to that of a fiber optic system. Consequently, FSO can be a good technology for providing backhaul connectivity in 6G systems in conjunction with fiber optic networks. Using FSO enables very long-distance communication over distances of more than 10,000 km. FSO supports high-capacity backhaul connectivity for remote and non-remote areas such as the ocean, space, underwater, and isolated islands. FSO also supports cellular backhaul connectivity.

[0135] Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN)

[0136] 6G systems integrate terrestrial and air networks to support vertically scalable user communications. 3D BS will be provided via low-orbit satellites and UAVs. By adding new dimensions in terms of altitude and associated degrees of freedom, 3D connectivity differs significantly from existing 2D networks. In NR, the Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) is considered as one method for this. An NTN refers to a network or network segment that utilizes RF resources mounted on a satellite (or UAS platform). There are two common scenarios for NTNs that provide access to user equipment: transparent payload and regenerative payload. The following are the basic elements of an NTN.

[0137] - One or more sat-gateways connecting NTN to a public data network

[0138] - GEO satellites are supplied by one or more satellite gateways deployed across a satellite target range (e.g., regional or continental range). We assume that the UEs in a cell are serviced by only one satellite gateway.

[0139] - Non-GEO satellites providing continuous service from one or more satellite gateways at a time. The system ensures service and feeder link continuity between continuous service satellite gateways with a time duration sufficient to perform mobility anchoring and handover.

[0140] - Feeder link or wireless link between the satellite gateway and the satellite (or UAS platform)

[0141] - Service link or wireless link between user equipment and satellite (or UAS platform).

[0142] - A satellite (or UAS platform) capable of implementing transparent or regenerative (including onboard processing) payloads. Satellite (or UAS platform) generated beams typically produce multiple beams for a designated service area based on the line of sight. The beam footprint is generally elliptical. The satellite (or UAS platform)'s line of sight depends on the onboard antenna diagram and the minimum elevation angle.

[0143] - Transparent payload: Radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion, and amplification. Therefore, the waveform signal repeated by the payload is not altered.

[0144] - Playback Payload: Radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion and amplification, demodulation / decoding, switching and / or routing, coding / modulation. This is virtually equivalent to equipping a satellite (or UAS platform) with all or part of the base station functions (e.g., gNB).

[0145] - For satellite deployments, Inter-Satellite Links (ISL) are optional. This requires a regenerative payload on the satellite. ISL can operate at RF frequencies or in the broadband.

[0146] - User equipment is serviced by a satellite (or UAS platform) within the target service area.

[0147] Generally, GEO satellites and UAS are used to provide continental, regional, or local services.

[0148] Generally, LEO and MEO constellations are used to provide services in both the Northern and Southern hemispheres. In some cases, constellations may provide global coverage, including the polar regions. For this to work, appropriate orbital inclination, a sufficiently generated beam, and inter-satellite links are required.

[0149] Quantum Communication

[0150] Quantum communication is a next-generation communication technology that applies quantum mechanical properties to the field of information and communications to overcome the limitations of existing technologies, such as security and ultra-high-speed computing. Quantum communication provides a means to generate, transmit, process, and store information that cannot be represented in the form of 0 and 1 based on binary bits used in conventional communication technologies, or that is difficult to represent. While conventional communication technologies utilize wavelength or amplitude for information transmission between a transmitter and a receiver, quantum communication, in contrast, utilizes photons—the smallest unit of light—for this purpose. In particular, since quantum uncertainty and quantum irreversibility can be applied to the polarization or phase difference of photons (light), quantum communication possesses the characteristic of enabling communication with guaranteed perfect security. Furthermore, under specific conditions, quantum communication may enable ultra-high-speed communication by utilizing quantum entanglement.

[0151] Cell-free Communication

[0152] The tight integration of multiple frequencies and heterogeneous communication technologies is crucial in 6G systems. Consequently, users can seamlessly move from one network to another without the need for any manual configuration on their devices. The best network among available communication technologies is automatically selected. This will break the limitations of the cellular concept in wireless communication. Currently, user movement from one cell to another causes excessive handovers in high-density networks, leading to handover failures, delays, data loss, and the "ping-pong" effect. 6G cell-free communication will overcome all of these issues and provide better QoS.

[0153] Cell-free communication is defined as a “system in which multiple geographically distributed access points (APs) cooperatively serve a small number of terminals using the same time and frequency resources with the help of a fronthaul network and a CPU.” A single terminal is served by a set of multiple APs, which is called an AP cluster. There are various ways to form an AP cluster; among them, the method of configuring an AP cluster with APs that can significantly contribute to improving the terminal's reception performance is called terminal-centric clustering. When using this method, the configuration is dynamically updated as the terminal moves. By introducing this terminal-centric AP clustering technique, the terminal is always located at the center of the AP cluster, thereby becoming free from inter-cluster interference that can occur when a terminal is located at the boundary of the AP cluster. This cell-free communication will be achieved through multi-connectivity and multi-tier hybrid technologies, as well as heterogeneous radios used by different devices.

[0154] Integration of Wireless Information and Energy Transfer (WIET)

[0155] WIET uses the same fields and waves as wireless communication systems. In particular, sensors and smartphones will be charged using wireless power transmission during communication. WIET is a promising technology for extending the lifespan of wireless battery charging systems. Therefore, devices without batteries will be supported in 6G communication.

[0156] Integration of Wireless Communication and Sensing

[0157] Autonomous wireless networks are capable of continuously detecting dynamically changing environmental conditions and exchanging information between different nodes. In 6G, sensing will be tightly integrated with communication to support autonomous systems.

[0158] Integrated Access and Backhaul Network

[0159] In 6G, the density of access networks will be enormous. Each access network will be connected via backhaul connections such as fiber optics and FSO networks. To cope with a very large number of access networks, there will be tight integration between access and backhaul networks.

[0160] Big Data Analysis

[0161] Big data analysis is a complex process for analyzing various large-scale data sets or big data. This process ensures perfect data management by uncovering information such as hidden data, unknown correlations, and customer preferences. Big data is collected from various sources, such as video, social networks, images, and sensors. This technology is widely used to process vast amounts of data in 6G systems.

[0162] Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface

[0163] Numerous studies have been conducted that treat the wireless environment, along with transmitters and receivers, as a variable to be optimized. To emphasize the fundamental difference between wireless environments created through this approach and past design and optimization standards, they are referred to as Smart Radio Environments (SRE) or Intelligent Radio Environments (IRE). Regarding reconfigurable intelligent antenna (or intelligent reconfigurable antenna technology) as a technology for realizing SRE, various terms have been proposed, such as Reconfigurable Metasurfaces, Smart Large Intelligent Surfaces (SLIS), Large Intelligent Surfaces (LIS), Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS), and Intelligent Reflecting Surface (IRS).

[0164] THz band signals exhibit strong directivity, which can lead to numerous dead zones caused by obstacles. Consequently, RIS technology becomes crucial as it allows for the expansion of communication coverage, enhanced communication stability, and the provision of additional value-added services by installing RIS systems near these dead zones. An RIS is an artificial surface made of electromagnetic materials capable of altering the propagation of incoming and outgoing radio waves. While RIS may appear to be an extension of massive MIMO, it differs from massive MIMO in its array structure and operational mechanism. Furthermore, RIS offers the advantage of low power consumption because it operates as a reconfigurable reflector with passive elements—meaning it reflects signals passively without using an active RF chain. Additionally, since each passive reflector in the RIS must independently adjust the phase shift of the incident signal, this can be advantageous for wireless communication channels. By appropriately adjusting the phase shift through the RIS controller, the reflected signal can be collected at the target receiver to boost the received signal power.

[0165] There are also RISs that can control transmission and refraction characteristics as well as reflect wireless signals, and such RISs are mainly used for O2I (Outdoor to Indoor). Recently, STAR-RIS (Simultaneous Transmission and Reflection RIS), which provides transmission and reflection simultaneously, is also being actively researched.

[0166] Metaverse

[0167] Metaverse is a compound word formed from 'Meta,' meaning virtual or transcendent, and 'Universe,' meaning the universe. Generally, the term metaverse is used to mean something like 'a three-dimensional virtual space where social and economic activities similar to those in the real world are prevalent.'

[0168] Extended Reality (XR), a core technology for implementing the metaverse, can expand real-world experiences and provide a unique sense of immersion through the convergence of the virtual and the real. The high bandwidth and low latency of 6G networks enable users to experience Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) with enhanced immersion.

[0169] Autonomous Driving (Self-driving)

[0170] For perfect autonomous driving, vehicles must communicate with each other to alert one another to dangerous situations, or communicate with infrastructure such as parking lots and traffic lights to verify information like parking locations and signal change times. V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything), a core element of building autonomous driving infrastructure, is a technology that enables vehicles to communicate and share with various elements on the road to perform autonomous driving, including wireless communication between vehicles (V2V) and between vehicles and infrastructure (V2I).

[0171] Fast transmission speeds and low-latency technologies are essential to maximize the performance of autonomous driving and ensure high safety. Furthermore, as the amount of information to be transmitted and received increases significantly in the future—moving beyond the level of delivering warning or guidance messages to the driver to actively intervene in vehicle operation and directly control the vehicle in dangerous situations—it is expected that 6G will be able to maximize autonomous driving through faster transmission speeds and lower latency than 5G.

[0172] Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)

[0173] Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) or drones will become a critical element in 6G wireless communication. In most cases, high-speed data wireless connectivity is provided using UAV technology. BS entities are installed on UAVs to provide cellular connectivity. UAVs possess specific capabilities not found in fixed BS infrastructure, such as easy deployment, robust line-of-sight links, and controlled degrees of freedom for mobility. During emergencies, such as natural disasters, the deployment of ground communication infrastructure is not economically feasible, and sometimes services cannot be provided in volatile environments. UAVs can easily handle these situations. UAVs will become a new paradigm in the field of wireless communication. This technology facilitates the three fundamental requirements of wireless networks: eMBB, URLLC, and mMTC. UAVs can also support various purposes, such as enhancing network connectivity, fire detection, disaster emergency services, security and surveillance, pollution monitoring, parking monitoring, and accident monitoring. Therefore, UAV technology is recognized as one of the most critical technologies for 6G communication.

[0174] Blockchain

[0175] Blockchain will become a critical technology for managing massive amounts of data in future communication systems. As a form of distributed ledger technology, a distributed ledger is a database distributed across numerous nodes or computing devices. Each node replicates and stores an identical copy of the ledger. Blockchain is managed via a peer-to-peer (P2P) network and can exist without being managed by a centralized authority or server. Data in a blockchain is collected together and organized into blocks. These blocks are linked together and protected using encryption. Blockchain inherently complements large-scale IoT perfectly through enhanced interoperability, security, privacy, stability, and scalability. Therefore, blockchain technology provides various capabilities such as inter-device interoperability, large-scale data traceability, autonomous interaction with other IoT systems, and the large-scale connectivity stability of 6G communication systems.

[0176] Figure 6 illustrates an example of a subframe type in NR.

[0177] The transmission time interval (TTI) illustrated in Fig. 6 can be referred to as a subframe or slot for NR (or new RAT). The subframe (or slot) of Fig. 6 can be used in the TDD system of NR (or new RAT) to minimize data transmission delay. As illustrated in Fig. 4, the subframe (or slot) contains 14 symbols, similar to the current subframe. The symbols at the beginning of the subframe (or slot) can be used for the DL control channel, and the symbols at the end of the subframe (or slot) can be used for the UL control channel. The remaining symbols can be used for DL ​​data transmission or UL data transmission. According to this subframe (or slot) structure, downlink transmission and uplink transmission can proceed sequentially within a single subframe (or slot). Thus, downlink data can be received within the subframe (or slot), and uplink acknowledgments (ACK / NACK) can be transmitted within that subframe (or slot). The structure of such a subframe (or slot) can be referred to as a self-contained subframe (or slot). Using this subframe (or slot) structure has the advantage of minimizing the final data transmission waiting time by reducing the time required to retransmit data that has received errors. In such a self-contained subframe (or slot) structure, a time gap may be required during the transition process from transmit mode to receive mode or from receive mode to transmit mode. To this end, some OFDM symbols during the transition from DL to UL in the subframe structure may be set as a Guard Period (GP).

[0178] <NR에서 SS 블록>

[0179] In 5G NR, the SS block (SS / PBCH Block: SSB) contains the Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) containing the Master Information Block (MIB), which is necessary for the terminal to perform initial access, and the Synchronization Signal (SS) (including PSS and SSS).

[0180] Furthermore, multiple SSBs can be grouped together and defined as an SS burst, and multiple SS bursts can be grouped together and defined as an SS burst set. It is assumed that each SSB is beamformed in a specific direction, and the various SSBs within an SS burst set are designed to support terminals located in different directions.

[0181] Figure 7 shows an example of SSB in NR.

[0182] Referring to Fig. 7, the SS burst is transmitted at predetermined periodicities. Accordingly, the terminal receives the SSB and performs cell detection and measurement.

[0183] Meanwhile, in 5G NR, beam sweeping is performed on the SSB. This will be explained with reference to Fig. 8.

[0184] Figure 8 shows an example of beam sweeping in NR.

[0185] The base station transmits each SSB within the SS burst while beam sweeping over time. At this time, multiple SSBs within the SS burst set are transmitted to support terminals located in different directions.

[0186] <OD-SSB (on-demand SSB)>

[0187] Unlike LTE-based communication systems, NR-based communication systems have significantly reduced Always-on signals. Unlike CRS, which was always transmitted in LTE, SSB can be transmitted with a period of at least 5ms to a maximum of 160ms depending on the network (NW) settings.

[0188] As the number of Always-on signals that can always be transmitted regardless of traffic decreases, NR-based communication systems have achieved superior power saving benefits from a network perspective compared to LTE-based communication systems. Nevertheless, NR-based communication systems have the disadvantage that they cannot change the SSB settings depending on the presence or absence of terminals or traffic.

[0189] For example, i) when there is no terminal in a cell, or ii) when there is a terminal but there is no traffic and the terminal is in the RRC_IDLE / INACTIVE state, the base station may periodically transmit SSB to consume power.

[0190] If, in NR-based communication, the SSB can be turned on / off as needed or the cycle of the SSB can be changed dynamically, the network / terminal can gain the benefit of power saving.

[0191] To this end, 3GPP is discussing on-demand SSB (OD-SSB) that instructs the terminal on the presence or absence of an SSB in the SCell (Secondary cell).

[0192] Figure 9 shows an example of an OD-SSB scenario.

[0193] When the terminal receives SCell settings from the network, the terminal can receive OD-SSB indications from the network.

[0194] In this case, detection or measurement of the terminal's OD-SSB may not be expected before the terminal receives the OD-SSB indication.

[0195] When the terminal receives an OD-SSB indication with MAC-CE or RRC settings, the terminal can detect or measure the OD-SSB.

[0196] The terminal can receive information about the period or frequency for the OD-SSB in advance before receiving the OD-SSB indication.

[0197] OD-SSB can be assumed to be NCD-SSB (non-cell defining SSB). The center frequency of OD-SSB may not be located in the sync raster used by existing terminals.

[0198] In Case 1, the terminal may not receive an Always-on SSB (AO-SSB, or default SSB, reference SSB) from SCell. Therefore, until the terminal receives an OD-SSB instruction, the terminal may not expect an SSB to detect and measure. If the terminal receives an OD-SSB instruction in Case 1, the terminal may receive the OD-SSB after a given period of time.

[0199] In Case 2, the terminal can receive an AO-SSB from the SCell. The AO-SSB can be a CD-SSB or an NCD-SSB. The center frequency of the corresponding SSB can be located on the sink raster. The terminal can detect the AO-SSB based on a set period. If the network wishes to send the SSB more frequently as needed, the network can transmit an OD-SSB indication to the terminal. Based on the OD-SSB indication, the terminal can receive the OD-SSB after a given period of time.

[0200] <SSB adaptation>

[0201] Figure 10 shows an example of a scenario for SSB adaptation.

[0202] To reduce power consumption, the SSB cycle can be changed dynamically.

[0203] The terminal can receive an SSB adaptation instruction. Based on this, the terminal can receive an SSB at a changed interval.

[0204] For example, the terminal can receive instructions for SSB adaptation for an SSB transmitted from a PCell or SCell.

[0205] L3 measurements can be performed in the window for OD-SSB.

[0206] In this specification, the statement that a terminal receives may include the meaning that the terminal receives from a network.

[0207] In this specification, the time window may be the time when the OD-SSB is active.

[0208] Currently in Rel-19, terminals receive instructions regarding OD-SSBs and know the time when they can receive activated OD-SSBs. However, the timing and method for disabling OD-SSBs are still under discussion.

[0209] The terminal can know the time when OD-SSB is disabled directly (explicit) or indirectly (implicit).

[0210] If the terminal receives an instruction to disable OD-SSB directly from the network, the terminal may perform measurement operations on all OD-SSBs until receiving the instruction. This operation may consume a lot of energy.

[0211] The terminal may measure only some of the instructed OD-SSBs, rather than all of them.

[0212] For example, the terminal can measure only the OD-SSBs that exist within the measurement window. This method can create an energy consumption reduction effect.

[0213] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, for a deactivated SCell (Secondary cell), the terminal can perform an L3 measurement operation for OD-SSB within a time window.

[0214] The terminal can know that the time window starts from the time it receives the OD-SSB activation instruction. For example, the time it receives the OD-SSB activation instruction may be the start time of the time window.

[0215] The time window can start from the time the OD-SSB activation instruction is received and end after the duration has elapsed.

[0216] The unit of the time duration of the time window may include at least one of the following:

[0217] - Slot

[0218] Half frame

[0219] - Frame

[0220] - OD-SSB period

[0221] - OD-SSB SMTC Period

[0222] DRX cycle period

[0223] - measCycleSCell

[0224] - Reporting period

[0225] The duration of a time window can be expressed in seconds (s) or milliseconds (ms).

[0226] The terminal can receive the duration of the time window from the network.

[0227] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the terminal can know the start time of the time window.

[0228] The terminal can receive PDSCH (physical downlink shared channel). PDSCH may include an OD-SSB enable instruction.

[0229] PDSCH can be transmitted to a terminal through a resource for OD-SSB activation instructions (e.g., OD-SSB activation specific channel, OD-SSB activation data channel). In this case, the terminal can know that PDSCH is a resource for OD-SSB activation instructions. In this case, the terminal can know the time window as it receives the OD-SSB activation instructions.

[0230] If PDSCH is not a resource for OD-SSB activation instructions (e.g., if PDSCH is not transmitted to the terminal through a resource for OD-SSB activation instructions), the terminal cannot know the OD-SSB activation instructions before the MAC-CE processing time. Therefore, the terminal will receive the OD-SSB activation instructions and know that the time window starts after the MAC-CE processing time.

[0231] For example, the terminal may know how to determine the start time of the time window in at least one of the following ways:

[0232] - The terminal can know that the time window starts from the moment it receives the OD-SSB activation instruction.

[0233] - The terminal receives the OD-SSB activation instruction and can see that the time window starts after the MAC-CE processing time (e.g., the first slot after 3ms after receiving the downlink transmission and sending the corresponding HARQ-ACK) and / or the required additional delay time.

[0234] The following drawings are made to illustrate a specific example of the present specification. The names of specific devices or specific signals / messages / fields described in the drawings are presented as examples, and therefore the technical features of the present specification are not limited to the specific names used in the following drawings.

[0235] FIG. 11 shows an example of OD-SSB inactivation and time window according to an embodiment of the present specification.

[0236] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, FIG. 11 shows an example of the end point of a time window according to a method for disabling OD-SSB.

[0237] The terminal may be configured with an explicit indication and / or an implicit indication for OD-SSB deactivation.

[0238] For example, if a setting for direct instructions exists on the terminal, the terminal can expect to receive direct instructions.

[0239] For example, if a setting for indirect instructions exists on the terminal, the terminal can expect to receive indirect instructions.

[0240] For example, if settings for both direct and indirect instructions exist on the terminal, the terminal can expect to receive both direct and indirect instructions.

[0241] The end point of the time window can be based on the OD-SSB disable instruction.

[0242] If the terminal expects to receive direct instructions, at least one of the following methods may be applied at the end of the time window:

[0243] - The time window may be terminated immediately at the slot where the OD-SSB disable instruction is received. For example, the termination point of the time window may be the time (slot) when the terminal receives the OD-SSB disable instruction.

[0244] - The time window may be terminated immediately at the first slot 3ms after the HARQ-ACK for the OD-SSB disable instruction is transmitted. For example, the first slot 3ms after the time the terminal transmits the HARQ-ACK for the OD-SSB disable instruction may be the end point of the time window.

[0245] - The time window may be terminated immediately at the first slot after transmitting a HARQ-ACK for the OD-SSB deactivation instruction and a specific time (e.g., 3ms + defined deactivation delay). For example, the first slot after a specific time (e.g., 3ms + defined deactivation delay) from the point when the terminal transmits the HARQ-ACK for the OD-SSB deactivation instruction may be the end point of the time window. The deactivation delay may be the delay time required for OD-SSB deactivation.

[0246] The end point of the time window can be based on the OD-SSB disable instruction.

[0247] If the terminal expects to receive indirect instructions, at least one of the following methods may be applied at the end of the time window:

[0248] - The time window may be terminated immediately when the preset OD-SSB activation time expires. For example, the point at which the OD-SSB activation time set on the terminal expires may be the point at which the time window ends.

[0249] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the end point of the time window may be set independently of the OD-SSB disable instruction. In this case, the duration of the time window is described.

[0250] When a terminal receives an OD-SSB activation instruction, the terminal can perform MAC-CE processing for the OD-SSB activation instruction. Therefore, the terminal may not be able to receive the OD-SSB during the time of MAC-CE processing from the time the terminal receives the OD-SSB activation instruction. For example, the terminal may receive the OD-SSB after the time of MAC-CE processing has elapsed from the time the terminal receives the OD-SSB activation instruction.

[0251] Therefore, the duration of the time window can take into account the MAC-CE processing time. For example, the duration of the time window may be longer than the MAC-CE processing time.

[0252] Alternatively, the terminal may perform sufficient measurement reports for the OD-SSB. When the terminal performs sufficient measurement reports, the terminal may determine the end of the time window. For example, when measurement reports are performed a number of times set in the terminal, the terminal may determine the end of the time window. For example, assuming one report is sufficient, when one valid measurement report is performed, the terminal may determine the end of the time window.

[0253] Regarding the duration of the time window, at least one of the following methods may be applied:

[0254] - The termination time of the startup window or the duration of the startup window can be pre-set on the terminal.

[0255] - The end time of the start window or the duration of the start window may be instructed to the terminal, such as by an OD-SSB activation instruction. For example, an OD-SSB activation instruction received by the terminal may include information regarding the end time or duration of the start window.

[0256] - The end time of the start window or the duration of the start window may be indicated to the terminal via upper layer signaling (RRC or MAC-CE) independently of the OD-SSB activation instruction. For example, independently of the OD-SSB activation instruction, the terminal may receive information regarding the end time of the start window or the duration of the start window through upper layer signaling (RRC or MAC-CE).

[0257] The duration of the time window can be one of the following:

[0258] - Duration = T HARQ + 3ms + X*T OD-SSB

[0259] - Duration = T HARQ + 3ms + K + X*T OD-SSB

[0260] - Duration = T HARQ + 3ms + Y*T reporting

[0261] - Duration = T HARQ + 3ms + K + Y*T reporting

[0262] - Duration = T HARQ + 3ms + Y*max(T reporting , X*T OD-SSB )

[0263] - Duration = T HARQ + 3ms + K + Y*max(T reporting , X*T OD-SSB )

[0264] - Duration = (OD-SSB activation processing time) + X*T OD-SSB

[0265] - Duration = (OD-SSB activation processing time) + K + X*T OD-SSB

[0266] The above T HARQmay be the time between receiving a MAC-CE containing an OD-SSB activation instruction and transmitting a HARQ-ACK.

[0267] The above T OD-SSB It may be the period of OD-SSB.

[0268] The above T reporting This may be the measurement reporting period.

[0269] The above X may be the number of OD-SSB samples required.

[0270] The above Y may be the number of required measurement reports.

[0271] K may be the time from when MAC-CE processing is completed until when OD-SSB can actually be received.

[0272] In another embodiment, the terminal may determine that the duration of the time window includes at least two intervals. The duration of the time window may include two intervals.

[0273] The first section is the processing time (T) for the OD-SSB activation instruction. process It can be.

[0274] The second section is the actual measurement section (T actual_measure It can be.

[0275] The duration of the time window can be as follows:

[0276] - T timewindow = T process + T actual_measure

[0277] The above processing time (T process ) may include at least one of the following:

[0278] - TOD-SSBactivation delay

[0279] - TOD-SSBactivation delay+ T possible_SSB

[0280] - T possible_SSB

[0281] The above TOD-SSBactivation delay may be the MAC-CE processing time of the OD-SSB activation instruction and / or an additional delay time required.

[0282] The above T possible_SSB This may be the time from when the TOD-SSB activation delay ends (e.g., when the OD-SSB activation instruction is received and the MAC-CE processing time of the OD-SSB activation instruction and / or the required additional delay time has elapsed) until when the OD-SSB can actually be received.

[0283] The above actual measurement interval (T actual_measure ) is X * T OD-SSB It can be. X is the number of OD-SSB samples required, and T OD-SSB It can be an OD-SSB cycle.

[0284] The following drawings are made to illustrate a specific example of the present specification. The names of specific devices or specific signals / messages / fields described in the drawings are presented as examples, and therefore the technical features of the present specification are not limited to the specific names used in the following drawings.

[0285] FIG. 12 shows an example of a time window without a valid measurement report according to an embodiment of the present specification.

[0286] Figure 12 shows an example of an OD-SSB activation instruction and a time window.

[0287] The terminal can notify the NW that it can support OD-SSB reception operations by reporting the terminal capability (101). The terminal can transmit information about the terminal capability (UE capability) to the network (e.g., PCell). The information about the terminal capability (UE capability) may include information that the terminal supports OD-SSB reception operations.

[0288] The terminal can receive upper layer parameters (egod-ssb-config) related to OD-SSB from the network (102).

[0289] Subsequently, the terminal may receive an OD-SSB activation instruction (103) from the network via MAC-CE. For example, the terminal may receive a PDSCH. The PDSCH may include a MAC-CE. The MAC-CE may include an OD-SSB activation instruction.

[0290] The OD-SSB activation instruction (103) may include the period, time information, and frequency information of the OD-SSB.

[0291] If the terminal succeeds in decoding the PDSCH containing MAC-CE, the terminal can send a HARQ-ACK to the network (104).

[0292] From the time the terminal receives the OD-SSB instruction, T process After (e.g., MAC-CE processing time of the OD-SSB activation instruction and / or required additional delay time) (105) has elapsed, the terminal T actual_measure (107) Measurements can be performed based on OD-SSB (106).

[0293] The terminal may be requested to perform a measurement operation in response to an OD-SSB period-based intra-frequency measurement request. Based on this, the terminal T actual_measure OD-SSB-based measurements can be performed in (107). For example, based on the set measurement request, the measurement can be performed at a specific time (e.g., ceil(5 * Kp) * OD-SSB periodicity * It may need to be performed within the CSSF. The CSSF can be a carrier-specific scaling factor.

[0294] T actual_measureWhen (107) is finished, the time window (108) can be closed.

[0295] For example, from the time the terminal receives the OD-SSB activation instruction, 'T process + T actual_measure After ' time passes, OD-SSB can be disabled.

[0296] The following drawings are made to illustrate a specific example of the present specification. The names of specific devices or specific signals / messages / fields described in the drawings are presented as examples, and therefore the technical features of the present specification are not limited to the specific names used in the following drawings.

[0297] FIG. 13 shows an example of a time window with a valid measurement report according to an embodiment of the present specification.

[0298] If the terminal has performed sufficient measurement reporting, the terminal may not perform additional measurements. As a result, power consumption may be reduced.

[0299] For example, if the terminal sends enough Y valid reports to the network, the terminal may terminate the time window (decide to terminate). In this case, the terminal may disable the OD-SSB.

[0300] The content of Fig. 13 may be applied to the content of Fig. 12.

[0301] The terminal can receive the settings for the measurement report from the network via upper layer parameters (e.g., RRC).

[0302] The above measurement report settings may include one of the following for the reporting time:

[0303] - Periodic: In this case, the terminal can perform measurement reporting according to a set period.

[0304] - Event triggered periodic: In this case, when a specific event occurs, the terminal can perform measurement reports periodically for a certain period of time.

[0305] - event triggered: In this case, when a specific event occurs, the terminal can perform a measurement report.

[0306] The terminal can transmit measurement reports to the network from a scheduled uplink resource.

[0307] The terminal is T actual_measure (107) Within this timeframe, a sufficient number of valid measurement reports can be transmitted to the network (e.g., a specific number of times included in the measurement report settings / pre-set in the terminal or a number of times set in the specifications) (109). In this case, the time window (108) may be terminated.

[0308] The following drawings are made to illustrate a specific example of the present specification. The names of specific devices or specific signals / messages / fields described in the drawings are presented as examples, and therefore the technical features of the present specification are not limited to the specific names used in the following drawings.

[0309] FIG. 14 shows an example of a time window end point according to an embodiment of the present specification.

[0310] The terminal may receive an OD-SSB disable instruction. At this time, the time when the terminal receives the OD-SSB disable instruction (OD-SSB disable instruction time) and the end time of the time window may be different.

[0311] Alternatively, the OD-SSB disable time may be pre-set on the terminal. The pre-set OD-SSB disable time and the end time of the time window may differ.

[0312] Conventionally, in such situations, it was ambiguous what action the terminal would perform.

[0313] Figure 14 shows an example where the time of the OD-SSB disable instruction and the time window end time are different.

[0314] For convenience of explanation, this specification describes direct deactivation instructions as examples. However, the descriptions and methods of this specification are not limited thereto and may also be applied to indirect deactivation instructions and cases where they are pre-configured in the terminal.

[0315] 1) Case A

[0316] The end time of the time window may precede the time of the OD-SSB disable instruction. In this case, the terminal may apply at least one of the following methods to the OD-SSB after the end time of the time window:

[0317] - Measurement using the existing SSB cycle instead of the OD-SSB cycle

[0318] - Measurement using measCycleScell ​​instead of the OD-SSB cycle

[0319] - Does not perform measurement operation

[0320] For example, unless a situation occurs where the terminal receives an instruction to disable OD-SSB, the aforementioned operation (e.g., measurement by applying measCycleSCell instead of the OD-SSB cycle) can be performed.

[0321] After this, when the terminal receives an instruction to disable OD-SSB, the terminal can decide to disable OD-SSB.

[0322] 2) Case B

[0323] The end time of the time window may be later than the time of the OD-SSB disable instruction.

[0324] In this case, the terminal receives an instruction to disable OD-SSB reception at an earlier time than the expected time window.

[0325] In this case, after the OD-SSB disable instruction,

[0326] The terminal can perform measurements during the required measurement period. In the middle of the measurement period, the terminal may receive an instruction to disable the OD-SSB. Since the OD-SSB is disabled in the middle of the measurement period, the terminal's performance of measurements during that period may become meaningless. To prevent this problem, the terminal can extend the time window to the current measurement period to perform measurements.

[0327] If the terminal receives an instruction to disable OD-SSB at a time earlier than the end of the time window, the terminal may apply at least one of the following methods:

[0328] - The terminal can stop the measurement immediately.

[0329] Even after receiving an OD-SSB disable instruction, the terminal may perform measurement operations until the end of the current measurement interval. For example, the time window may be extended until the end of the current measurement interval. Even after the network (e.g., PCell) transmits an OD-SSB disable instruction to the terminal, the network (e.g., SCell) may continue transmitting OD-SSB for at least one measurement interval (e.g., the currently ongoing measurement interval).

[0330] 3) Case C

[0331] After the first time window by the first OD-SSB activation instruction has ended, the second time window by the second OD-SSB activation instruction may be initiated.

[0332] The settings of the first time window and the settings of the second time window can be independent of each other.

[0333] For example, the duration of the first time window (and / or measurement frequency) and the duration of the second time window (and / or measurement frequency) may be different from each other.

[0334] Based on the center frequency included in the first OD-SSB activation instruction, the measurement frequency of the first time window can be determined / set. Based on the center frequency included in the second OD-SSB activation instruction, the measurement frequency of the second time window can be determined / set.

[0335] 4) Case D

[0336] Before the first time window resulting from the first OD-SSB activation instruction ends, the terminal may receive a second OD-SSB activation instruction. Based on this, a second time window may be started.

[0337] In this case, the first time window and the second time window may overlap.

[0338] Terminal operation in the section where different time windows overlap may vary depending on each setting.

[0339] With respect to the overlap of different time windows, the terminal may perform at least one of the following operations so as not to expect the first time window and the second time window to overlap:

[0340] - When the first time window is valid, if the terminal receives a second OD-SSB activation instruction, the terminal may start (decide to start) the second time window after the end time of the first time window.

[0341] - When the first time window is valid, if the terminal receives a second OD-SSB activation instruction, the terminal may immediately terminate the first time window and start (decide to start) the second time window.

[0342] - When the first time window is valid, if the terminal receives a second OD-SSB activation instruction, the terminal may terminate the first time window and start (decide to start) the second time window after the processing of the second OD-SSB activation instruction is completed. For example, after the processing time of the second OD-SSB activation instruction has elapsed from the time the terminal receives the second OD-SSB activation instruction, the terminal may terminate the first time window and start (decide to start) the second time window.

[0343] With respect to the overlap of different time windows, if the terminal expects the first time window and the second time window to overlap, the terminal may perform at least one of the following operations:

[0344] - When the first time window is valid, the terminal may receive a second OD-SSB activation instruction. In this case, if the settings of the first time window and the second time window are the same, the terminal may assume that the two time windows are identical. For example, the terminal may view the second time window as an extension of the first time window. For example, the terminal may extend the end point of the first time window to the end point of the second time window (the end point of the second time window by the second OD-SSB activation instruction).

[0345] - When the first time window is valid, the terminal may receive a second OD-SSB activation instruction. In this case, if the settings of the first time window and the second time window are different, the terminal may perform measurements by independently utilizing the two time windows during the overlapping period. For example, if the OD-SSB center frequencies of the first time window and the second time window are different, the terminal may perform measurements by considering the CSSF (Carrier specific scaling factor) or RF retuning time.

[0346] With respect to the overlap of different time windows, the terminal may perform at least one of the following actions depending on the setting of the time windows:

[0347] - When the first time window is valid, the terminal may receive a second OD-SSB activation instruction. In this case, if the settings of the first time window and the second time window are different, the terminal may start (decide to start) the second time window after the end time of the first time window.

[0348] - When the first time window is valid, the terminal may receive a second OD-SSB activation instruction. In this case, if the settings of the first time window and the second time window are different, the terminal may immediately terminate the first time window and start (decide to start) the second time window.

[0349] - When the first time window is valid, the terminal may receive a second OD-SSB activation instruction. In this case, if the settings of the first time window and the second time window are the same, the terminal may assume that the two time windows are identical. For example, the terminal may view the second time window as an extension of the first time window. For example, the terminal may extend the end point of the first time window to the end point of the second time window (the end point of the second time window by the second OD-SSB activation instruction).

[0350] The terminal can receive a SCell activation instruction after performing L3 measurements on the disabled SCell. Based on this, the terminal can perform the SCell activation process.

[0351] During the SCell activation process, the terminal may require OD-SSB measurement. The duration of the time window may not last until the SCell activation is completed. In such cases, the operation of the terminal will be described later.

[0352] The following drawings are made to illustrate a specific example of the present specification. The names of specific devices or specific signals / messages / fields described in the drawings are presented as examples, and therefore the technical features of the present specification are not limited to the specific names used in the following drawings.

[0353] FIG. 15 shows an example of a time window and a SCell activation end time according to an embodiment of the present specification.

[0354] After the time window has ended, the terminal can receive a SCell activation instruction.

[0355] At this time, the terminal may not have received a direct or indirect instruction to disable OD-SSB. Therefore, the network continues to transmit SSB, but the terminal may not be able to measure the SSB required for SCell activation. A solution to resolve this problem may be proposed.

[0356] The time window (the OD-SSB activation time window) may be terminated before the SCell activation instruction. For example, the time window may be terminated before the terminal receives the SCell activation instruction. In this case, the following method may be applied:

[0357] - The terminal may apply a time window from the SCell activation instruction to the completion of SCell activation. The start time of the time window may be the SCell activation instruction time, and the end time of the time window may be the SCell activation completion time. In the time window, the measurement target of the terminal may be the most recently activated OD-SSB.

[0358] The end point of the time window (OD-SSB activation time window) may be between the time of the SCell activation instruction and the time of SCell activation completion. In this case, the following method may be applied:

[0359] - The terminal may extend and apply the time window until SCell activation is complete. The end point of the time window may be until SCell activation is complete. The measurement target of the terminal within the time window may be the same as the existing time window.

[0360] During the SCell activation process, the terminal can receive a new OD-SSB activation instruction.

[0361] In this case, if the setting of the new OD-SSB activation instruction is different from the setting of the previously received OD-SSB activation instruction, an additional delay may be required.

[0362] For example, additional MAC-CE processing time may be required for a new OD-SSB activation instruction. In this case, the time window for the new OD-SSB activation by the new OD-SSB activation instruction may be extended based on the aforementioned MAC-CE processing time. For example, the time window for the new OD-SSB activation may be based on the sum of the time based on the existing Scell ​​activation delay requirement and the aforementioned MAC-CE processing time (and / or the required additional delay time).

[0363] Various examples of some procedures and technical specifications related to the present disclosure may be referenced in standard documents.

[0364] The following drawings are made to illustrate a specific example of the present specification. The names of specific devices or specific signals / messages / fields described in the drawings are presented as examples, and therefore the technical features of the present specification are not limited to the specific names used in the following drawings.

[0365] FIG. 16 illustrates the procedure of the UE for the disclosure of the present specification.

[0366] 1. The UE (User Equipment) can receive an activation instruction for the On-Demand Synchronization Signal Block (OD-SSB).

[0367] 2. Based on the above activation instruction, the UE can perform OD-SSB activation during a time window.

[0368] 3. During the above time window, the UE can perform measurements of the OD-SSB.

[0369] The above time window may include a processing time for processing the activation instruction and a measurement time during which the UE can measure the OD-SSB.

[0370] The above measurement time may be the value obtained by multiplying the number of OD-SSB samples required for the cycle of the above OD-SSB.

[0371] Based on the fact that the above activation instruction is received through a MAC Control Element (MAC-CE) message, the processing time may include the processing time of the MAC-CE message and additional processing time.

[0372] The above UE can report the results of the above measurement to the network.

[0373] Based on the fact that the above report has been performed validly up to a threshold amount, the UE can determine when the time window ends.

[0374] Based on the above decision, the UE can perform OD-SSB deactivation.

[0375] The above UE can transmit capability information to the network.

[0376] The above capability information may include information that the UE supports OD-SSB reception operation.

[0377] The above time window may include the processing time, the measurement time, and 3ms.

[0378] Before the end of the above time window, the UE may receive a disable instruction for On-Demand.

[0379] After receiving the above deactivation instruction, the UE may skip the above measurement.

[0380] Before the end of the above time window, the UE may receive a disable instruction for On-Demand.

[0381] The above measurement may be performed during the corresponding measurement period at the time the above deactivation instruction is received.

[0382] Before the end of the above time window, the UE may receive a new activation instruction for On-Demand.

[0383] The above UE can perform OD-SSB activation during a new time window after the above time window has ended.

[0384] During the above new time window, the UE can perform a new measurement of OD-SSB.

[0385] The new time window and the new measurement can be set based on the new activation instruction.

[0386] Before the end of the above time window, the UE may receive a new activation instruction for On-Demand.

[0387] At the time of receiving the new activation instruction, the UE may determine that the time window ends.

[0388] At the time the above new activation instruction is received, the UE can perform OD-SSB activation during a new time window.

[0389] During the above new time window, the UE can perform a new measurement of OD-SSB.

[0390] The above new time window and the above new measurement can be set based on the above new activation instruction.

[0391] Before the end of the above time window, the UE may receive a new activation instruction for On-Demand.

[0392] Based on the fact that the setting of the new activation instruction is the same as the setting of the activation instruction, the UE can extend the time window based on the new activation instruction.

[0393] Hereinafter, a device for performing communication according to some embodiments of the present specification will be described.

[0394] For example, the device may include a processor, a transceiver, and memory.

[0395] For example, the processor can be configured to be operablely coupled with memory and the processor.

[0396] The operation performed by the processor comprises: a step in which a UE (User Equipment) receives an activation instruction for an On-Demand Synchronization Signal Block (OD-SSB); a step in which, based on the activation instruction, the UE performs OD-SSB activation during a time window; and a step in which, during the time window, the UE performs a measurement of the OD-SSB, wherein the time window may include a processing time for processing the activation instruction and a measurement time in which the UE can measure the OD-SSB.

[0397] Hereinafter, a processor of a device for providing communication according to some embodiments of the present specification will be described.

[0398] The operation performed by the processor comprises: a step in which a UE (User Equipment) receives an activation instruction for an On-Demand Synchronization Signal Block (OD-SSB); a step in which, based on the activation instruction, the UE performs OD-SSB activation during a time window; and a step in which, during the time window, the UE performs a measurement of the OD-SSB, wherein the time window may include a processing time for processing the activation instruction and a measurement time in which the UE can measure the OD-SSB.

[0399] Hereinafter, a non-volatile computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions for providing mobile communication according to some embodiments of the present specification will be described.

[0400] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the technical features of the present disclosure may be directly implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, or a combination of both. For example, a method performed by a wireless device in wireless communication may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. For example, software may reside in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, a hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or other storage media.

[0401] In some examples, storage media are coupled to the processor so that the processor can read information from the storage media. Alternatively, the storage media can be integrated into the processor. The processor and storage media can reside in an ASIC. In other examples, the processor and storage media can reside as separate components.

[0402] Computer-readable media may include tangible and non-volatile computer-readable storage media.

[0403] For example, non-volatile computer-readable media may include RAM (Random Access Memory) such as SDRAM (Synchronization Dynamic Random Access Memory), ROM (Read-Only Memory), and NVRAM (Non-Volatile Random Access Memory); read-only memory (EEPROM); flash memory; magnetic or optical data storage media; or other media that can be used to store instructions or data structures. Non-volatile computer-readable media may also include combinations of the above.

[0404] Additionally, the method described herein may be realized at least partially by a computer-readable communication medium that transmits or transmits code in the form of instructions or data structures and can be accessed, read, and / or executed by a computer.

[0405] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, a non-transient computer-readable medium stores one or more instructions thereon. The stored one or more instructions can be executed by a processor of a base station.

[0406] One or more stored commands include the steps of: a UE (User Equipment) receiving an activation instruction for an On-Demand Synchronization Signal Block (OD-SSB); the UE performing OD-SSB activation during a time window based on the activation instruction; and the UE performing a measurement of the OD-SSB during the time window, wherein the time window may include a processing time for processing the activation instruction and a measurement time during which the UE can measure the OD-SSB.

[0407] Specifications can have various effects.

[0408] For example, measurements for OD-SSB can be performed smoothly.

[0409] The effects obtainable through the specific examples of this specification are not limited to those listed above. For example, there may be various technical effects that a person with ordinary skill in the related art can understand or derive from this specification. Accordingly, the specific effects of this specification are not limited to those explicitly described herein, but may include various effects that can be understood or derived from the technical features of this specification.

[0410] The claims described in this specification may be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims in this specification may be combined to be implemented as a device, and the technical features of the device claims in this specification may be combined to be implemented as a method. Furthermore, the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims in this specification may be combined to be implemented as a device, and the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims in this specification may be combined to be implemented as a method. Other implementations are within the scope of the following claims.

Claims

1. As a method, A step in which the UE (User Equipment) receives an activation instruction for the OD-SSB (On-Demand Synchronization Signal Block); Based on the above activation instruction, the UE performs OD-SSB activation during a time window; and During the above time window, the UE performs a measurement of OD-SSB, and A method in which the above time window includes a processing time for processing the activation instruction and a measurement time in which the UE can measure the OD-SSB.

2. In Paragraph 1, The above measurement time is a value obtained by multiplying the number of OD-SSB samples required for the period of the above OD-SSB.

3. In Paragraph 1, A method based on receiving the above activation instruction through a MAC-CE (MAC Control Element) message, wherein the processing time includes the processing time of the MAC-CE message and additional processing time.

4. In Paragraph 1, A step in which the above UE reports the results of the above measurement to the network; Based on the fact that the above report has been validly performed to a threshold amount, the UE determines that the time window ends; and A method further comprising the step of the UE performing OD-SSB deactivation based on the above decision.

5. In Paragraph 1, The above UE further includes the step of transmitting capability information to the network, A method in which the above capability information includes information that the UE supports OD-SSB reception operation.

6. In Paragraph 1, The above time window is a method including the processing time, the measurement time, and 3ms.

7. In Paragraph 1, The method further includes the step of the UE receiving a disable instruction for On-Demand before the end of the above time window. A method for the UE to skip the measurement after receiving the above deactivation instruction.

8. In Paragraph 1, The method further includes the step of the UE receiving a disable instruction for On-Demand before the end of the above time window. The above measurement is a method performed during the corresponding measurement period at the time the above deactivation instruction is received.

9. In Paragraph 1, A step in which the UE receives a new activation instruction for On-Demand before the end of the above time window; The step of the UE performing OD-SSB activation during a new time window after the time window has ended; and The method further includes the step of the UE performing a new measurement of OD-SSB during the new time window mentioned above, and A method in which a new time window and the new measurement are set based on the new activation instructions.

10. In Paragraph 1, A step in which the UE receives a new activation instruction for On-Demand before the end of the above time window; A step in which the UE determines that the time window ends at the time the new activation instruction is received; At the time of receiving the new activation instruction, the UE performs OD-SSB activation during a new time window; and The method further includes the step of the UE performing a new measurement of OD-SSB during the new time window mentioned above, and A method in which the above new time window and the above new measurement are set based on the above new activation instruction.

11. In Paragraph 1, Before the end of the above time window, the UE receives a new activation instruction for On-Demand; and A method further comprising the step of the UE extending the time window based on the new activation instruction, based on the fact that the setting of the new activation instruction is the same as the setting of the activation instruction. As 12.UE, At least one memory; and At least one processor operablely connectable to the above at least one memory, The above at least one memory is a device in which the operation performed by the at least one processor based on execution by the at least one processor is a method according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

13. As an apparatus in mobile communication, At least one processor; and It includes at least one memory that stores instructions and is operablely electrically connected to at least one processor, and A device in which the operation performed based on the execution of the above instruction by the at least one processor is a method according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

14. A non-volatile computer-readable storage medium that records instructions, A non-volatile computer-readable storage medium in which, when the above instructions are executed by one or more processors, the operation that causes the one or more processors to perform is a method according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

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