Modifiable gravity (MG) exercise system, interactive exercise sessions, devices and methods

Abstract

A method of operating a modifiable gravity exercise system for an interactive exercise session of a user is provided, in which the system includes a stride surface, a wearable interface adapted to couple the user securely to the stride surface, an adjustable resilient support connected to the stride surface extending over the stride surface to secure the user, and a control computer adapted to perform the method and control the MG exercise system to perform the interactive exercise session. The method includes conducting exercise operations of the interactive exercise session, providing the first gravity environment such that the user has the first effective BW in the first gravity environment with respect to the stride surface within a default range, and automatically modifying the first gravity environment that provides the first effective BW to a second gravity environment that provides a second effective BW for the user within the default range.

Description

Docket No. 175798-#49-01PCT 03 NOV 2025MODIFIABLE GRAVITY (MG) EXERCISE SYSTEM, INTERACTIVE EXERCISE SESSIONS, DEVICESAND METHODSREFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[1001] This application claims priority to U.S. provisional patent applications nos. 63 / 715,729 filed on November 4, 2024, entitled “Modified Gravity System, Device and Methods;” commonly owned, U.S. provisional patent application no. 63 / 898,536 filed on Oct. 13, 2025, entitled, “Modified Gravity (MG) Exercise System, Interactive Exercise Sessions, Devices and Methods;” and to commonly owned, U.S. provisional patent application no. 63 / 898,542 filed on Oct. 13, 2025, entitled, “Remotely Interactive MicroGravity (MG) Exercise System,” each of which is hereby specifically incorporated by reference in its entirety.BACKGROUND

[1002] The present description relates to supplemental weight-modifying equipment for exercise, and particularly to equipment known as unweighting, antigravity, modified gravity or differential air pressure (DAP) systems, as well as to related devices and methods for operating the same. Further, the present description is directed to interactions using these systems including stand-alone, system-to-system, and multiplayer interactions systems and methods.

[1003] Systems for unweighting individuals for fitness training and other reasons have been a popular modality. Conventional systems and methods include aquatic and harness or hoist systems that partially hoist to lift a person or animal off a walking surface. Harness and hoist systems provide benefits related to their historical use in that they are well-known and can also allow for precise and granular unweighting, but become uncomfortable with extended use and at off-loading greater than about 25% of normal body weight. Further, aquatic systems can be difficult to control accurately, are cumbersome to use, and have large space and resource requirements.

[1004] Smaller conventional lift systems exist that rely on multiple height-adjustable supports around the user for partially unweighting the user. Figure 1A shows such an example system 11” as published in South Korean Pat. Pub. No. KR101283250B1 to Jung Ho Chun et al. (Chun). The Chun system 11” includes an exercise device 6”, such as a treadmill, and a set of height sliders 12 about a pelvic air tube 14 worn by the user. A flexible connector connects to a control system 16” that controls operations and detects walking or running information via load cells, speed sensors, pressure sensors and the like. The control system controls treadmill operations and raises or lowers the height sliders to provide upward unweighting support for the user.

[1005] Other conventional systems exist that create a pressure differential about the user, such as the system 40 shown in Figure IB, which can vary pressure differentials more precisely thanDocket No. 175798-#49-01PCT 03 NOV 2025 harness systems and allow for a wide range of incremental unloading. More recently, systems that create a pressure differential across a portion of a user have been developed and are generally in commercial use in training centers around the world. These systems apply a vertical pressure difference proximate the user’s waist providing a net force at the center of pressure for partially unweighting the user over an exercise device like a treadmill or bicycle, such that the user has a reduced effective bodyweight (BW) for the exercise session.

[1006] In addition, hyper-weighting systems have been proposed such as the system depicted in Figure 1, which is shown and described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,133,139 to Whalen et al. The Whalen system is configured to operate in an opposite manner than unweighting systems in that the system provides a raised chamber 55 around the upper body of the user. The raised chamber may be pressurized for applying a downward force on the user about the user’s waist, such that the user has an increased body weight. The hyper-weighting system may be placed over an exercise device like a treadmill for providing a high intensity workout to the user.

[1007] Conventional weight-modifying exercise systems provide benefits for supporting a wide range of users of various weights, sizes and capabilities, as well as for enabling high-intensity workouts over a short period. However, many users find it difficult to establish, maintain or follow regular exercise routines, or they lack interest in doing so. Accordingly, there is a need for systems and methods that make it easier for users to exercise on a regular basis, entice users to join exercise sessions, support relatively short low intensity and / or high intensity workouts as appropriate for the user, as well as providing incentives for exercising including making it more enjoyable.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[1008] Figure 1A is a schematic perspective view of a PRIOR ART unweighting exercise device, which provides unweighting via lift mechanisms.

[1009] Figure IB is a schematic side perspective view of a PRIOR ART unweighting / MG exercise system, which also supports aspects and features described herein.

[1010] Figure 1C is a schematic side view of a PRIOR ART example hyper- weighting exercise system.

[1011] Figure 2A is a right-side view of the example MG exercise system of Figure IB according to aspects and features described herein..

[1012] Figure 2B illustrates example interior components including example sensors of the modifiable gravity exercise system of Figure IB.

[1013] Figure 2C illustrates additional example example sensors and sensor arrangements of the modifiable gravity exercise system of Figure IB.Docket No. 175798-#49-01PCT 03 NOV 2025

[1014] Figure 3A is a right-side schematic view of another example MG exercise system having a low-friction slidable ambulation surface.

[1015] Figure 3B is a right-side schematic view of a further example MG exercise system having both upper body and lower body positive pressure gravity modifying systems.

[1016] Figures 4A and 4B schematically illustrate an example modified gravity exercise system with an example configuration of strain sensors.

[1017] Figures 40C and 4D schematically illustrate an example modified gravity exercise system with another example configuration of strain sensors.

[1018] Figures 4E and 4G schematically illustrate an example modified gravity exercise system with another example configuration of strain sensors.

[1019] Figure 5 schematically illustrates an example modifiable gravity exercise system with an example configuration of a pressure bladder and pressure sensor.

[1020] Figure 6 schematically depicts example non-system sensors and corresponding devices with which the modified gravity exercise system of Figures IB and 2A may communicate and from which may receive supplemental sensor data.

[1021] Figure 7A is a right-side perspective view of a further example MG exercise system having laser sensors supporting reactive avatar representations.

[1022] Figure 7B is a plan view of an example video game controller depicting control input mappings corresponding with a hurdle jump move.

[1023] Figure 7C is a right-side perspective view of a portion of the MG exercise system of Figure 7A depicting the user attempting a hurdle jump move for a corresponding avatar move.

[1024] Figure 8 is a right-side perspective view of an example stand-alone arrangement of an MG exercise system adapted to provide a virtual MG interactive exercise session.

[1025] Figure 9A is a schematic representation of a peer-to-peer arrangement for a plurality of example MG exercise systems for an interactive exercise session.

[1026] Figure 9B is a schematic representation of a hybrid peer-to-peer arrangement for a plurality of example MG exercise systems for an interactive exercise session.

[1027] Figure 10 is a schematic arrangement of a plurality of example modifiable gravity systems in a central server or game server arrangement for an interactive exercise session.

[1028] Figures 11A to 12 are front plan views of example user interface display representations of example MG exercise systems described herein.

[1029] Figure 13 is a schematic representation depicting a method for controlling an example MG exercise system described herein.

[1030] Figure 14 is a schematic representation of example interconnected network systems.Docket No. 175798-#49-01PCT 03 NOV 2025

[1031] Figure 15 schematically depicts an example pairing method and pair interactions.SUMMARY

[1032] This summary introduces certain aspects of the embodiments described herein to provide a basic understanding. This summary is not an extensive overview of the inventive subject matter, and it is not intended to identify key or critical elements or to delineate the scope of the inventive subject matter.

[1033] A method of operating a modifiable gravity (MG) exercise system for an interactive exercise session of a user is provided, in which the method inlucdes: conducting, by the MG exercise system, exercise operations of the interactive exercise session for the user; providing, by the MG exercise system, a first gravity environment such that the user has the first effective body weight (BW) in the first gravity environment while on the MG exercise system during the interactive exercise session; and automatically modifying, by the control computer, responsive to actions of one of the user and a session participant for the interactive exercise session, the gravity environment for the user from providing the first effective BW for the user in the first gravity environment to providing a second effective BW for the user in a second gravity environment. The action of automatically modifying includes one of: providing a reward to the user responsive to the user achieving an objective of the interactive session, applying a penalty to the user responsive to the user failing to meet an objective of the interactive exercise session, and applying a penalty to the user responsive to a session participant achieving the objective.

[1034] Further, the for the action of automatically modifying, the providing the reward further includes one of unlocking additional functionality of the MG exercise system for the user, providing for the user supplemental functionality of the MG exercise system, making the exercise session easier for the user, or proportionally advancing a virtual progress of the user at a greater rate than an actual progress rate of the user. The applying the penalty for the automatically modifying further includes one of: limiting additional functionality of the MG exercise system for the user, removing supplemental functionality on the MG exercise system for the user, or proportionally reducing a virtual progress of the second user at a greater rate than an actual progress rate of the user. In some implementations, the action of providing the reward includes providing the reward for a reward duration defining an effective period for the reward, and the action of applying the penalty includes applying the penalty for a penalty duration defining an effective period for the penalty, such that upon expiration of the effective period for the one of the reward or the penalty, a control computer of the MG exercise system is adapted to withdraw the one of the reward or the penalty for the user.Docket No. 175798-#49-01PCT 03 NOV 2025

[1035] In some implementations, the interactive exercise session may include a first interactive session, which includes a single interactive exercise session for the user, and the period includes either a portion of the first interactive exercise session or the full interactive session. Alternatively, the interactive exercise session includes multiple exercise sessions for the user that includes at least a first interactive exercise session and a second interactive exercise session, the period includes the portion of the first interactive exercise session and a portion of at least a second interactive exercise session for the user, such that the effective period persists for one of only the single interactive exercise session for the user, a portion of the single interactive exercise session, or extends over a plurality of interactive exercise sessions including at least a portion of the first interactive exercise session and at least a portion of the second interactive exercise session.

[1036] In some implementations, the MG exercise system a translatable ambulation surface, the control computer is operable to control one of a translation speed and an incline of the ambulation surface for the user during the interactive exercise session, and the action of providing the reward further includes enabling one of increasing an existing upper limit for a translation speed of the ambulation surface for the user and decreasing an existing lower limit for an incline of the ambulation surface for the user. In addition, the action of applying the penalty further includes applying one of a reduction of the speed of the ambulation surface for the user and increasing an incline of the ambulation surface for the user.

[1037] In some implementations, MG exercise system includes at least one of an upper body differential air pressure (DAP) exercise system; a lower body DAP exercise system; a harness unweighting exercise system; and a plurality of elastic support straps unweighting exercise system. Further, the action of automatically modifying further includes one of increasing the gravity environment for the user from providing the first effective BW at the first gravity environment to providing a lower second effective BW at the increased second gravity environment for the user, includes one of increasing a downward force applied to an upper body of the user; and decreasing an upward offsetting force applied to a lower body of the user. In addition, the action of decreasing the gravity environment for the user from providing the first effective BW at the first gravity environment to providing a higher second effective BW at the decreased second gravity environment for the userincludes one of decreasing a downward force applied to an upper body of the user; and increasing an upward offsetting force applied to a lower body of the user.

[1038] In further implementations, a control computer of the MG exercise system is adapted to control exercise operations of the MG exercise system for the interactive exercise session and a gravity environment of the MG exercise system for the interactive exercise session; the user includes a first user and another user includes a second user; and the second user includes aDocket No. 175798-#49-01PCT 03 NOV 2025 simulated user. Further, the control computer includes: an actual host computer of the MG exercise system, such that a first portion of resources of the actual host computer operate as a first control computer for a first MG exercise system that includes he actual MG exercise system; and a second portion of the resources of the actual host computer is adapted to operate as a virtual machine simulating a second control computer controlling a second virtual MG exercise system for the interactive exercise session, such that an electronic connection is simulated between the first control computer and the second control computer for the interactive exercise session. In addition, the virtual machine may be adapted to simulate actions of the virtual second user on the second MG system for the interactive exercise session; and for the action of automatically modifying, by the control computer, the first gravity environment responsive to interactions of the interactive exercise session, the interactions may include one of: actions by the actual first user for the interactive exercise session; and actions by the virtual second user for the interactive exercise session; such that the action of automatically modifying the first gravity environment is performed responsive to interactions by one of the actual first user and the virtual second user in the interactive exercise session.

[1039] According to aspects, features and concepts described herein, another method of operating a modifiable gravity (MG) exercise system for an interactive exercise session of a user is provided in which the MG exercise system includes an ambulation surface; a wearable interface adapted to couple the user securely to the ambulation surface; and an adjustable resilient support connected to the stride surface at a first end portion thereof and extending over the stride surface to a second end portion thereof, in which the second end portion is adapted to connect securely to the user via the wearable interface. The MG exercise system further includes a control computer adapted to control operations of the MG exercise system for the interactive exercise session including performing exercise operations and adjusting the resilient support to exert a net vertical force on the user for a first gravity environment, such that the user has a first effective BW in the first gravity environment for the interactive exercise session. The control computer performs actions including controlling the MG exercise system to perform the interactive exercise session, which includes conducting exercise operations of the interactive exercise session for the user, and providing the first gravity environment such that the user has the first effective BW in the first gravity environment with respect to the stride surface within a default range. In addition the control computer performs the action of automatically modifying the gravity environment responsive to interactions of the interactive exercise session, which includesDocket No. 175798-#49-01PCT 03 NOV 2025 modifying the first gravity environment providing the first effective BW to a second gravity environment providing a second effective BW for the user within a default range.

[1040] Further, the MG exercise system includes a first MG exercise system, the interactive exercise session includes a first interactive exercise session, the user includes a first user, the control computer includes a first control computer, the first control computer is in electronic communication with a network that includes a second MG exercise system and a game server, and the first control computer is operable to receive control commands from one of a second control computer for the second MG system or the game server that include instructions for the first control computer to perform the method just described above.

[1041] Further, the network further includes a third MG exercise system having a third control computer in electronic communication with the game server, the first control computer, and the second control computer; and a fourth MG exercise system having a fourth control computer in electronic communication with the game server, the first control computer, the second control computer, and the fourth control computer; such that the network includes a plurality of network-connected computers in an arrangement adapted to support an interactive session between a plurality of network-connected computers. The arrangement includes one of: a peer-to-peer (P2P) arrangement such that each respective control computer is connected to each other, and each control computer functions as the game server and a respective client for the interactive exercise session of the peer-connected control computers; and a multi-user interactive system arrangement such that each respective control computer is connected to the game server and each of the plurality control computers via the network. The game server or the control computer of each respective MG exercise system may perform actions including conducting the interactive exercise session as one of: a multiplayer interactive exercise session having a game serve connected to each respective control computer through the network; or a P2P interactive exercise session having a plurality of control computers each electronically connected to each other. Further, each respective control computer performs the method described above for operating the respective MG exercise system for the interactive exercise session; such that each respective user interacts with the plurality of competitors for the MG interactive exercise session.

[1042] The method of continues including the game server or a respective control computer determining a default effective BW for the first user for performing recreation actions for the interactive exercise session, and one of an upper effective BW limit greaterDocket No. 175798-#49-01PCT 03 NOV 2025 than the default effective BW for the first user, and an upper differential limit for limiting a differential increase to the user’s base effective BW. As such, the one of the game server or a respective control computer of the plurality of other MG systems is configured to instruct the MG system to modify the user’s first gravity environment providing the first effective BW for the user to a second gravity environment providing a second effective BW for the user within the predetermined range of differential limits for the user; and the instruction for modifying the gravity environment is automatically and quickly provided to the MG system responsive to user actions for the MG interactive exercise session without the game server or respective control computer knowing the user’s current effective BW or calculating the modification. In addition, the game server or one of the respective control computers performs the action of identifying at least a first team and a second team for the interactive exercise session based on participant preferences or team assignments; such that the first team consists of at least a first participant selected from a competitor group, and the second team consists of at least a second competitor selected from remaining participants of the competitor group. The game server or each respective control computer for a respective participant of the interactive exercise session performs the method described above of operating a MG exercise system for the interactive session of the respective user such that the automatically modifying the first gravity environment of the respective user responsive to user actions for the interactive exercise session, the user actions include one of: actions performed by the respective user for the interactive exercise session; actions performed by another participant on the same team as the respective user, and actions performed by another participant not on the team for the respective user.

[1043] Further, the game server may includes a server for an instructor of an interactive workout class, in whichthe instructor includes the first team; and the first, the second, the third, and the fourth MG systems along with each respective user includes students for the workout class, and at least a second team. The method includes conducting, by the server for the instructor and each of the first, second, third, and fourth control computers, the interactive exercise session as a multiplayer interactive workout session having a plurality of competitors; performing, by each respective control computer for a respective participant, the interactive workout session for the respective participant and MG exercise system including each participant and MG exercise system performing the method of operating the MG exercise system described above for the respective MG exercise system and participant. As such, the action of automatically modifying the gravity environment for the respectiveDocket No. 175798-#49-01PCT 03 NOV 2025 user responsive to user actions for the interactive exercise session further includes actions performed by one of the teams; individual actions performed by the respective user for the interactive exercise session; actions performed by another participant for the workout session;actions performed substantially collectively by the student participants for the workout session; actions the student participants fail to perform for the workout session; and actions performed by the instructor.Further, in some implementations, the MG exercise system is adapted to operate as one of a stand-alone actual MG exercise system or a network- connected actual MG exercise system adapted to interact with at least another actual MG exercise system, the MG system further includes a secondary computer electronically connected to the control computer, and the secondary computer is adapted to one of simulate actions of a virtual second user on a virtual second MG exercise system, and establish the interactive exercise session with the at least another MG exercise system. For such implementations, the method includes the MG exercise system providing the interactive exercise session for the user as one of a virtual interactive exercise session between the user as a first user and a virtual second user as the second user, and between the user as the first user and a user of the another MG exercise system as a second user. In such implementations, the virtual user may be adapted to have an appearance of a person familiar to the user, in which the method further includes the control computer receiving user inputs including one of the following: user selection of an appearance for the virtual user from a group of available virtual users, customization inputs from the user enabling the user to customize an appearance of the virtual user, and media inputs from the user depicting a desired appearance for the virtual user. The method also includes the MG system providing the virtual interactive exercise session that includes the user as the first user and the virtual user selected by the user as the second user.

[1001] In some implementations, the MG exercise system includes a first MG exercise system, the control computer includes a first control computer, the first control computer is in electronic communication with a network including a second MG exercise system and a game server, and the first control computer is operable to receive control commands from a second control computer for the second MG system or the game server, in which the control commands include instructions for the first control computer to perform the method of operating a first MG exercise system for the first interactive exercise session of the first user.

[1002] In such implementations, the network may further include a third MG exercise system having a third control computer in electronic communication with each of the game server, the first control computer, and the second control computer, and may also include a fourth MG exercise system having a fourth control computer in electronic communication with each of theDocket No. 175798-#49-01PCT 03 NOV 2025 game server, the first control computer, the second control computer, and the fourth control computer. As such, the network may include a plurality of network-connected computers in an arrangement adapted to support an interactive session between a plurality of network-connected computers, in which the network arrangement includes one of a peer-to-peer (P2P) arrangement such that each respective control computer is connected to each other, and each control computer functions as the game server and a respective client for the interactive exercise session for the plurality of peer-connected control computers; and a multi-user interactive game server system arrangement such that each respective control computer is connected to the game server and each of the plurality control computers via the network. In such implementations, the method may include the respective game server and each respective control computer conducting the interactive exercise session as one of a multiplayer interactive exercise session having a game server connected to each respective control computer through the network, or a P2P interactive exercise session having a plurality of control computers each electronically connected to each other. Each respective control computer performs the method of operating the respective MG exercise system for the interactive exercise session of a respective competitor, such that each respective competitor interacts with the plurality of competitors for the MG interactive exercise session.

[1003] In addition, the in such implementations, the method may include the first control computer determining a default effective BW for the first user for performing recreation actions of the interactive exercise session, and also determining one of an upper effective BW limit greater than the default effective BW for the first user, and an upper differential limit for limiting a differential increase to the user’s base effective BW. As such, the one of the game server or a respective control computer of the plurality of other MG systems is adapted to instruct the MG system to modify the user’s first gravity environment providing the first effective BW for the user to a second gravity environment providing a second effective BW for the user within the default range of differential limits for the user, and the instruction for modifying the gravity environment is automatically and quickly provided to the MG exercise system responsive to user actions for the MG interactive exercise session without requiring knowlege by the game server or each respective control of the user’s current effective BW for instructing the modification. Further, in such implementations, the method may further include identifying at least a first team and a second team for the interactive exercise session, by one of the game server and each respective control computer based on one of participant preferences or team assignments, such that the first team consists of at least a first participant selected from the competitor group, and the second team consists of at least a second competitor selected from remaining participants of the competitor group.Docket No. 175798-#49-01PCT 03 NOV 2025

[1004] The method may continue with each respective control computer for a respective participant performing the method of operating the first MG exercise system for the first interactive exercise session of the first user. Thus, for the performing the method of operating the first MG exercise system for the first interactive exercise session of the first user, the automatically modifying the first gravity environment of the respective user responsive to user actions for the interactive exercise session, the user actions include one of: actions performed by the respective user for the interactive exercise session; actions performed by another participant on the same team as the respective user, and actions performed by another participant not on the team for the respective user. Another implementation and method in which the network further includes a game server, and third and fourth MG exercise systems, the game server may include a server for an instructor of an interactive workout class, in which the instructor includes the first team, and the first, the second, the third, and the fourth MG systems along with each respective user comprise students for the workout class, and at least a second team. As such, the method may include, for the instructor, the server conducting the interactive exercise session as a multiplayer interactive workout session having a plurality of competitors, and each respective control computer for the plurality of participant performing the interactive workout session for the respective participant and MG exercise system including comprising each participant and MG exercise system performing the method of operating the respective MG exercise system for the respective interactive exercise session of each participant, such that the automatically modifying the gravity environment for the respective user responsive to user actions for the interactive exercise session further includes actions performed by one of the teams, individual actions performed by the respective user for the interactive exercise session, actions performed by another participant for the workout session, actions performed substantially collectively by the student participants for the workout session, actions the student participants fail to perform for the workout session; and actions performed by the instructor.

[1005] In some implementations, the conducting the exercise operations further includes the control computer determining parameters for exercise operations of the interactive exercise session, which includes determining at least an effective bodyweight (BW) for the user, an ambulation speed, and a stride surface incline, and the MG exercise system performing the exercise operations at the parameters determined. Further, the method may further include the control computer evaluating selective adjustments to the determined exercise parameters for the exercise operations based on a set of adjustment factors selected from a plurality of adjustment factors sets, in which the sets include Equivalence (EQ) factors, Performance Leveling factors, Normalization factors, Handicaps factors, Team Performance factors, Comparative Assessment factorsDocket No. 175798-#49-01PCT 03 NOV 2025 comprising Self-Assessment factors, Aspirational Performance factors, and User-selected factors.In addition, the method may include the control computer adjusting the parameters for the exercise settings based on evaluating selective adjustments.

[1006] Other exercise-related support devices, related systems, and components, and / or methods according to embodiments will be or become apparent to one with skill in the art upon review of the following drawings and detailed description. It is intended that all such additional devices, related components, systems, and / or methods included within this description be within the scope of this disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[1007] For the purpose of promoting an understanding of the aspects, features, concepts and / or principles pertaining to example arrangements and uses of modifiable gravity (MG) exercise systems shown or described herein, reference will now be made to the example arrangements illustrated in the drawings along with language describing the same. It will nevertheless be understood that no limitations of the scope of the invention are thereby intended. Any alterations and further modifications of the inventive features illustrated herein, and any additional applications of the principles of the invention as illustrated herein, which would occur to one skilled in the relevant art and having possession of this disclosure, are to be considered within the scope of the invention.

[1008] Unless indicated otherwise, the terms exercise arrangement, apparatus, device, equipment, systems, and variants thereof, may be interchangeably used. In accordance with a general aspect of concepts discussed herein, an inflatable unweighting enclosure for an exercise device is provided along with methods for controlling or using the same for an exercise session in which the DAP system has a top port or opening formed therein and a corresponding frame element that may include a generally hoop-shaped seal frame that may include a frame element at least partially outlining the top opening. The frame element may be arranged to connect with a user seal or other user interface in an inflated state an unweighting exercise session, in which the user extends into and through the top opening and frame element.Introoduction

[1009] Smart’ exercise systems have become increasingly popular that communicate with wearable fitness devices, mobile phones, and the like along with interacting with other systems and users while exercising. Multi-user interactive exercise networks and systems have likewise become popular that allow users to compete or interact with others while exercising, such as several users establishing a joint exercise session and following the same simulated course for theDocket No. 175798-#49-01PCT 03 NOV 2025 shared or joint exercise session.

[1010] These systems may simulate interacting with a particular environment, such as with a common course, which interactions may include taking turns on the course or trail, and / or experiencing inclines or declines for uphill and downhill segments thereof. Similarly, treadmills and other types of ambulation surfaces or systems for use with virtual reality systems are becoming increasingly popular. These devices allow users to interact individually or with others for an even wider range of movements, simulated environments and conditions. However, these systems are limited to conventional ‘real-world’ earthly environments and common experiences regarding effects of gravity on a person during exercise and other types of movements, which fails to capture the interests of many persons, or encourage exploration of new or different exercise opportunities. Such systems are unable to simulate different or changing gravity environments and conditions, such as for simulating a user running on the moon or on competing under imaginary conditions.

[1011] According to aspects, features and concepts described herein, a modifiable gravity exercise system has the capability to modify an ‘effective bodyweight’ experienced by a user. The modification can be an increase or a decrease in experienced bodyweight (BW) for the user and thereby modify a gravity environment experienced by the user. An effective BW for an exercise session of a user may include a default effective BW selected based on defaults for one of: the MG exercise system, estimated physical characteristics of the user such as an estimated weight or capabilities, information self-reported by the user like capabilities and estimated weight, and / or according to a baseline assessment of the user’s capabilities along with historical information for unweighting settings applied for prior user sessions (if available). Other factors for an effective BW for the user may include medical limitations for the user (if applicable), user goals and capabilities, enhanced training and / or injury avoidance during enhanced or extended training.

[1012] In one example, the MG system is an exercise system with a treadmill. In other situations, there may be no exercise device at all or simply a platform or even a low friction surface, sometimes formed as a dish shape, that can facilitate running or walking motion in place. In other situations, the exercise device may be a treadmill or other support having a stride surface thereof locked in a stationary position for a user session. While the description in this application will be made with respect to a system including an exercise system component included and optionally integrated within the base or platform, it should be understood that the exercise system is optional.

[1013] The modified gravity component can apply to the user’ s upper body or the user’ s lower body, both of which are generally known in the art. U.S. Patent No. 5,133,339, filed April 15, 1991, is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety and describes a method and exercise device using air pressure to modify the force experienced by a body and particularly an upper bodyDocket No. 175798-#49-01PCT 03 NOV 2025 of a user. U.S. Patent No. 11,517,781, filed June 18, 2021, is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety and describes a differential air pressure (DAP) system that uses existing framing elements of an exercise machine such as a treadmill to provide an effective and user friendly unweighting system assembly around the lower body of a user. U.S. Patent App. Nos. 2023 / 0115258 (filed October 12, 2022) (now U.S. Patent No. 11,883,713 issued Jan. 30, 2024); U.S. Patent App. Nos. 2023 / 0109901 (filed October 13, 2022); and 2022 / 0401782 (filed March 7, 2022), each of which is also hereby incorporated by reference herein in their entirety, describe various aspects and features for such an exercise device. U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 569, 190 filed on March 24, 2024, which is also hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety, describes various aspects and features of a modified gravity exercise device for low-height users. International Patent Application No. PCT / US24 / 43896 (filed August 26, 2024), which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 534,571 (filed August 24, 2024), both of which are hereby incorporated by reference herein in their entireties, describe various aspects and features for evaluating metabolic session equivalence for first and second exercise sessions. It should be understood that the description in this application is applicable to any of the systems and features described in the foregoing patents and applications, and vice versa.User Information; Exercise & Gravity Environment Settings; and Interactive Modifications

[1014] Referring now to Figure 2A along with Figure IB, each modifiable gravity (MG) exercise system described herein or described in the incorporated patents and applications noted above including the example MG exercise system 140 of Figure 2A is configured for enabling a user to conduct an exercise session thereon. A control computer 102 of the MG exercise system 140 controls the MG exercise system to operate an exercise device, such as a treadmill, at exercise settings for the ambulation activities like at a speed and / or incline setting for the ambulation activities.

[1015] The MG exercise session may be conducted in a gravity environment over the stride surface that is controlled by the respective control computer 102 for a MG exercise system. This includes the control computer modulating an effective % bodyweight (BW) experienced by the user during the exercise session, which simulates a modified gravity environment for the user. Default values for the gravity environment settings may be expressed as weight modification settings and ranges of the same, which may be identified in various ways for an MG exercise system and / or each user. The default values may be determined based, for instance, on available or known information about the user ranging from general information to precise information. The general information may include system or user defaults, such as defaults according to user categories for general anthropomorphic groupings such as for large, medium or small adults, forDocket No. 175798-#49-01PCT 03 NOV 2025 an adult or child, and / or for sub -categories like male or female. The general information may further include estimated or self-reported information from the user like estimated weight, height and / or fitness level. The precise information for the user may be based on, for example, a baseline assessment of the user’s capabilities, and / or historical information for the user including settings for previous exercise sessions on an MG exercise system.

[1016] The default values may include a base effective %bodyweight value (base %BW) that the MG exercise system implements initially by default absent alternative inputs or instructions. The base BW settings may be adjusted periodically for a user or for a user or an MG exercise system as appropriate, such as based on the changes in the user’s capabilities, or for other reasons. For instance, base setting may be adjusted based on user preferences, for reducing pain or discomfort a user experiences during exercise or temporarily for a minor injury, or for reducing the likelihood of harm or injury during intense training or lengthy exercise sessions, such as for athletes. The base %BW may be used as a default or preset value for an inflation pressure setting for an enclosure-based system or for applying an upward or downward force on the user for other systems.

[1017] In addition, a default range may be established for unweighting a user that includes a high %BW, a high enclosure pressure, or a low offset force to apply to the user, as well as a low %BW, a low enclosure pressure, or a high offset force to apply to the user. Similarly, a default target range may be established for hyper-weighting a user including high & low %BW values, high and low upper enclosure pressures, or high and low additional force to apply to an upper portion of the user. The control computer for each MG exercise system may verify that any instructions received for modifying a gravity environment of the respective exercise system fall within the default range for the MG exercise session and / or the respective user.

[1018] Placing primary responsibility for ensuring gravity environment settings and / or exercise parameters fall within applicable default ranges may enable highly responsive, competitor-agnostic interactive exercise sessions between a single user with a virtual competitor, a single user with a virtual environment or course, and / or between multiple users and corresponding MG exercise systems. The term competitor-agnostic or user-agnostic as used herein means neither a game server nor MG exercise systems participating in an interactive exercise session do not necessarily need to track or monitor current exercise parameters and / or gravity environment settings of other session participant(s). This may allow for substantially realtime reactions and interactivity for interactive exercise sessions. A control computer or a game server may instruct one or more participant MG exercise systems to modify exercise parameters or gravity environment settings responsive to participant actions during an exercise session asDocket No. 175798-#49-01PCT 03 NOV 2025 discussed further below. These may include providing a reward to a participant or group of participants for achieving an objective of the interactive session, applying a penalty to a participant or group for failing to achieve an objective, and / or may include a first competitor applying a reward or penalty earned to another competitor.

[1019] A game server or a control computer determines applicable rewards, penalties, or other applicable consequences for participant actions during an interactive session in accordance with rules or guidelines for each interactive session as discussed further below. To do so, the game server or control computer may instruct an applicable recipient system to apply relative or differential modifications without ‘knowing’ the respective current parameters or settings of the target system. For instance, an instruction for modifying gravity environment settings of a target system may simply instruct the target system to increase or decrease the current effective BW for the target system by an incremental percentage amount, such as by one or two percent, or by a differential such as by three or five pounds, for instance, responsive to participant actions of the interactive session. The respective control computer for the recipient MG exercise system may ensure that the value(s) corresponding with a relative or respective modification instruction meet applicable default ranges prior to implementing the changes. Automatically applied modifications may be applied to an exercise session or portion thereof, at least temporarily, responsive to participant actions for the interactive exercise session as discussed further below.Selective Participant Adjustments; Equivalence, Fairness & Other Selective Adjustments

[1020] In addition to modifications made responsive to participant actions during an interactive exercise session, adjustments may be applied to one or more participants for substantially an entire interactive exercise session and / or for interactions between particular participants. These may generally include fairness type adjustments aimed at leveling competition between participants and / or providing substantially the same conditions for an interactive session to all users regardless of differing unweighting settings applied to different users. These adjustments may include ‘equivalence’ adjustments among others, which are described in International Patent Application No. PCT / US24 / 43896 (filed August 26, 2024; published as WO 2025 / 043252 on 27 Feb. 2025; “WO’252”).

[1021] Applying equivalence adjustments may include evaluating “Equivalence” or “Equivalent” exercise conditions for a first user in a first gravity environment, such as at 100% BW, would be equivalent for a second user in a second gravity environment, such as at 80% BW, which would be require an equivalent metabolic output or exertion by the second user. Equivalent competition between participants for an interactive session may be provided based on adjusting combinations of ‘equivalent’ exercise parameters for one or more competitors, such as equivalentDocket No. 175798-#49-01PCT 03 NOV 2025 combinations of adjusted velocity, incline, and / or run resistance parameters. Equivalence evaluations and adjustments may be obtained and applied (at least initially) to exercise parameters for competitors using MG exercise systems for interactive exercise sessions between users so as to provide to all competitors with equivalent conditions (excluding ‘gameplay advantages’ or penalties obtained or triggered during interactive exercise sessions and / or any fairness normalizations or handicap adjustments applied). As used herein, ‘Equivalence’ generally refers to Objective comparisons and / or related adjustments of exercise session parameters aimed at providing competitors with substantially the same conditions (e.g., substantially the same course conditions).

[1022] In contrast, “Normalization”, “Fairness Modifications,” or “Handicap adjustments” generally refer to subjective comparisons and / or related adjustments based, for instance, on known skill or capability differentials between users, which may include factors such as health, fitness or age differentials of the competitors. For example, an ‘Equivalence’ evaluation may identify a speed that a person (i.e., any person) would need to run on a standard treadmill (i.e., at standard bodyweight) for experiencing an equivalent exercise session if performed at reduced bodyweight (e.g., partially unweighted such as an exercise session at 80% bodyweight unweighted by 20%)). In contrast, “Fairness Modifications,” “Normalization” and “Handicap” evaluations or adjustments may primarily be ‘subjective.’ Equivalence adjustments may be applied so as to provide substantially the same competition conditions for all competitors, and performance expectations may further be adjusted or ‘normalized’ based on subjective factors like age, fitness level, performance / athletic abilities, and so on.

[1023] In some competitions like golf, a handicap value attempts to normalize performance by adding or subtracting strokes to or from a user’s score for a particular golf course in an effort to normalize the course to be equally challenging for all competitors while the players compete on the same course under substantially the same (equivalent) conditions. Fairness Normalizations for exercise sessions between users may include both objective ‘Equivalence’ considerations and subjective “Normalization” considerations to account for differences between exercise session conditions (e.g., unweighting) and each user’s abilities (e.g., age, fitness level). As used herein, the terms normalization, equivalence, and / or handicaps may include combinations of such factors for adjusting workout or gameplay competitions between users.

[1024] According to inventive aspects and features described herein, adjustments for the exercise and / or unweighting settings beyond equivalence adjustments may be applied, at least temporarily, to current settings of an exercise session in effect for a user. The application of the adjusted settings may be ‘triggered’ and automatically applied to the exercise session as describedDocket No. 175798-#49-01PCT 03 NOV 2025 herein based on criteria identified in an interactive workout program, game program or other exercise program selected by the user for guiding exercise activities performed on the modified gravity exercise system for the current exercise session. The criteria identified in the interactive program may include user performance criteria, such that when the user performs activities indicated by the interactive program in a manner that meets the identified criteria for performing the same, adjustments to one or more of the settings may be triggered and automatically applied in accordance with operations of the interactive program.

[1025] The adjusted settings may include beneficial adjustments to exercise session settings for the user, which may be configured as adjustments for assisting user performance of the exercise activities when applied. Further, the adjusted settings may include detrimental adjustments configured for hindering user performance of the exercise activities when applied. In addition, the adjusted settings may include handicap adjustments configured for enabling the user performance of the exercise activities at a level or intensity that substantially matches, and / or appears to substantially match an exercise performance of another, such as for substantially matching a virtual representation of an exercise performance a virtual entity, such as a previous performance by the same user, such as for an exercise session of the user prior to undergoing surgery or encountering an injury that impacted the user’s mobility. Thus, adjusted settings the modified gravity exercise system may apply to a user for an exercise session include beneficial adjustments or a reward to the user, detrimental adjustments or a penalty to the user, and / or corrective adjustments or a handicap to the user.Example MG System Systems, Operations & Methods

[1026] Referring now to Figures IB and 2A along with Figures 2C and 2D, an example modified gravity (MG) exercise system 140 is shown in Figures IB and 2A, whereas Figures 2C and 2D schematically depict internal components of the MG exercise system. Again, the example system 100 can be any of the systems described in the aforementioned incorporated patents and patent applications and / or could include any combination of features described therein. In general, in the example of Figure IB, the system 100 includes an exercise machine 140, which in this example is a treadmill with a running surface, an enclosure 110 with a seal frame configured to define a substantially airtight chamber over the running surface, and a differential air pressure system configured to provide a modified gravity environment in the enclosure 110. The exercise machine 140 in some examples is a treadmill that includes one or more handrails 196 with one or more vertical posts extending down therefrom towards the running surface or ground. At least one sensor is associated with at least one of the enclosure 110 and the running surface. The at least one sensor is configured to sense an aspect of at least one of the location, speed, or movement of a userDocket No. 175798-#49-01PCT 03 NOV 2025 relative to the running surface and environment in general. Other optional sensors are associated with the user’s body and / or other aspects of the system 100. These sensors will be described in more detail below.

[1027] The advantages of the system 100 are apparent from the features described in the aforementioned integrated patents and patent applications. Compared to other types of unweighting systems, such as harness systems, the present system 100 and in particular the enclosure 110 provides stability in a comfortable way to the user while at the same time allowing the user more freedom to move or even jump within the enclosure 110. The system 100 also allows for realtime or near realtime, and high granularity, adjustment capability for the experienced bodyweight / amount of unweighting experienced by the user. To that end, the system 100 is capable of implementing fast and efficient pressure changes within the enclosure 110, enabling the system 100 to effectively implement real-time or near real time adjustments to the bodyweight experienced by the user. The system 100 also provides advantages compared to other systems that provide unweighting in an enclosure. For instance, the system 100 is suitable for residential use in that it is relatively compact, affordable, and relatively quiet, motorized and automated, and has sufficient computing power to run complex gaming compared to similar clinical -grade systems that are only accessible to users in a clinical setting. The usability of the system 100 referenced herein, in terms of automated entry / exit, freedom of movement around the user seal area, and increased freedom of arm movement during exercise all promote a system well suited to general purpose exercise and training.

[1028] A controller 102 is configured to control the system 100 based on information from at least one sensor as will be discussed in detail below. In the example of Figure IB, the controller 102 is implemented within the system 100 separately from the exercise machine 102 and differential air pressure system 108, and is operable to communicate with the exercise system 102 and differential air pressure system 108 according to known communication protocols that will not be described in detail herein. In other examples, however, the controller 102 can be implemented on a component of the system 100 such as on the exercise system 102 or the differential air pressure system 108.

[1029] More specifically, the controller 102 is operable to control the exercise machine 102 and / or the differential air pressure system 108 in order to modulate a user’s exertion throughout an exercise session, which will be described in more detail below. For instance, in the example where the exercise machine 102 is a treadmill with a running surface, the controller 102 may be operable to control the running surface by modulating its speed, incline, resistance, etc. Controlling a running surface of a treadmill with a controller is well known in the art and will not be describedDocket No. 175798-#49-01PCT 03 NOV 2025 in detail herein. Example methods of controlling a differential air pressure system 108 are described in the aforementioned incorporated patents and patent applications. For instance, the controller 102 is operable to send commands to the blower controller described therein to control a blower and modulate pressure inside the enclosure 104, thereby modulating the body weight experienced by the user. In some examples, the controller 102 may also be operable to control other aspects of the system 100 such as the lift system of U.S. Patent No. 11,883,713 issued Jan. 30, 2024, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety, or other output devices as described below such as illuminated touch sensors.

[1030] In a particular example, the controller 102 is operable to control resistance of the running surface 103 as follows, and with reference to Figure 2B. A motor 200 is operable to exert a braking force on the running surface 103 as is known in the art and in the aforementioned incorporated patents and patent applications. The controller 102 is operable to command the motor to increase or decrease the resistance applied to the running surface 103 via known protocols. In one particular example the controller 102 is operable to apply a current to the motor to increase or decrease the resistance applied to the running surface 103. The running surface 103 is also affected by its own inertia and interaction with rollers and the motor flywheel in an unpowered state. In other examples, a mechanical brake is configured to interface with the running surface 103 and the controller 102 is operable to actuate the mechanical brake to add or decrease friction applied to the running surface 103 and thereby increase or decrease the resistance applied to the running surface 103 according to known protocols.

[1031] The controller 102 is operable to receive commands from a user via a user interface 194. The user interface 194 can be implemented on the controller 102 itself, on the exercise machine 142 as in the example of Figure IB, or remote from the system 140. In the latter case, the user interface 194 may be implemented on an existing device such as a monitor or smartphone and in communication with the controller 102 via known communication protocols.

[1032] In some examples, a user can use the user interface 194 to control the exercise machine 140 and / or differential air pressure system 108 in real-time. For instance, the user can input a command to increase the pressure in the enclosure 110, thereby reducing the effective BW of the user via the application of lower body positive pressure (LBPP), which reduces the exertion necessary by the user to complete the exercise. In other examples, the user can use the user interface 194 to select a premade exercise program, which includes preset command controls under which the controller 102 controls the exercise machine 104 and / or differential air pressure system 108 according to the preset command controls throughout an exercise session. In yet another example, described more fully below, the controller 102 is operable to control the exercise machineDocket No. 175798-#49-01PCT 03 NOV 2025142 and / or differential air pressure system 108 according to feedback about the user and / or virtual stimuli. Any combination of these examples is also contemplated. For instance, a user may use the user interface 194 to input real-time control commands during a premade exercise program. Further, complex interrelationships exist between unweighting parameters and other exercise session parameters while using a MG exercise system for an unweighted exercise session, such as the need for applying non-linear increases in ambulation speed or velocity as unweighting increases (%BW decreases) to meet metabolic output and exercise intensity goals during an exercise session. The MG exercise system may recommend or adjust preset combinations of exercise session parameters as appropriate in relation to unweighting applied during an exercise session.

[1033] The user interface 194 may also display information to the user, such as sensed information (discussed below), information about the state of the exercise machine 142, information about the exercise program, etc.

[1034] Control computer 102 is adapted to control operations of a MG exercise system 142 including initialization of the corresponding inflatable enclosure 110 for a user, and monitoring and controlling operations of the exercise device and inflatable enclosure along with other system components. The control computer 102 further interacts with the user and performs shutdown operations in accordance with aspects and features of subject matter discussed herein. In some arrangements, the components of control computer 102 may correspond to the devices illustrated and described herein with respect to the MG exercise system control panel 194 or control device, though this is not necessarily the case.Optional MG Exercise System Arrangements

[1035] Referring now to Figure 3A along with Figure 3B, another MG exercise system 540 is shown that is similar to MG system 140 discussed above and DAP systems described above and in the incorporated patents and patent applications. MG exercise system 540 generally includes the same aspects and features as MG exercise system 140 and DAP systems described in the incorporated patents and patent applications except as described below. Accordingly, like numbers refer to like features.

[1036] MG exercise system 540 primarily differs from other systems described herein in that it includes a substantially fixed stride platform 542 instead of an exercise device like a treadmill exercise device. The stride platform has a stride surface 543 configured as a slide surface having a low coefficient of friction that is adapted to enable sliding contact for the user’s feet thereon. Sliding contact may be facilitated by the use of low friction sliding footwear (not shown) worn by the user that is adapted to cooperate with the sliding contact stride surface for enhancing the slidingDocket No. 175798-#49-01PCT 03 NOV 2025 contact. The stride surface 543 may be substantially flat or curved, and may be tiltable and rotatable as indicated by the arrow shown proximate to the stride surface 542 in Figure 3A. Further, the stride platform 542 may include an omnidirectional stride surface that may include a powered or unpowered (manual driven or sliding contact) omnidirectional platform and stride surface. As such, the user may ambulate in any direction (360 degrees).

[1037] Figure 3B schematically depicts a further MG exercise system 640 is shown that is similar to MG systems 540 and 140 discussed above, as well as DAP systems described above and in the incorporated patents and patent applications. MG exercise system 640 generally includes the same aspects and features as MG exercise systems 540, 140 and the DAP systems described in the incorporated patents and patent applications except as described below. Accordingly, like numbers refer to like features.

[1038] MG exercise system 640 primarily differs from other systems described herein in that it includes both an upper chamber 611 and a lower chamber or lower enclosure 610. The lower chamber 610 and the upper chamber 611 may be adapted for alternative use, such that either the lower chamber 610, the upper chamber 611, or neither the upper nor the lower chamber may be used concurrently. The control computer may control inflation of the lower chamber to have a positive differential air pressure greater than atmospheric pressure such that the lower chamber exerts an upward, offset force that partially unweights the user to experience an effective BW less than 100% BW. Further, the control computer may control pressurization of the upper chamber to have a positive differential air pressure greater than atmospheric pressure such that the upper chamber exerts a downward force on the user that hyper-loads the user to experience an effective BW greater than 100% BW. In addition, the control computer may control neither the lower chamber 610, nor the upper chamber 611 to pressurize such that their respective differential air pressure is greater than atmospheric, and thus neither chamber impacts the user’s effective BW, such that the user’s effective BW remains in the natural condition at 100% BW.

[1039] Thus, the dual chamber arrangement of MG system 640 allows the control computer to control the modifiable gravity environment for the user such that the user experiences a variable effective BW during different portions of an interactive exercise session. Namely, that user may experience an effective BW as a first one of a natural BW (100% BW), an unweighted BW (less than 100% BW), or a hyper-loaded BW (greater than 100% BW) during a first portion of the exercise session, which may change for a second portion of the interactive exercise session. The user may experience a changed effective BW during the interactive exercise session to a second effective BW for a second portion of the interactive exercise session that is at a second one of a natural BW (100% BW), an unweighted BW (less than 100% BW), or a hyper-loaded BW (greaterDocket No. 175798-#49-01PCT 03 NOV 2025 than 100% BW). In addition, the control computer may continue with controlling one of the lower chamber, the upper chamber, or neither chamber to apply a supplemental force on the user for a third or other subsequent portions of the interactive exercise session.Sensors: Sensor Data: Environment & Real-Time Reactivity

[1040] Referring now to Figure 2B along with Figure 2C, Figures 4A to 4F, and Figures 5 and 6, the system 140 may also include sensors 116 / 118 / 120 which may be operable for bidirectional communication with the controller 102. The sensors 116 / 118 / 120 are operable to send information to the controller 102 and optionally to receive commands from the controller 102. For instance, the sensors are operable to receive a sense command from the controller 102 and provide real time or near real time information to the controller 102 in response to the sense command.

[1041] In other examples, the sensors can be preprogrammed to sense and communicate information to the controller 102 at predetermined time intervals. In other examples, the sensors are preprogrammed to sense and communicate information to the controller 102 at time intervals specified by the controller 102 as part of the sense command. The sensors could also be preprogrammed to automatically sense according to a predetermined protocol without the receipt of any sense command. Sensors may also be configured for continuous output to the controller 102 such as an analog output.

[1042] The sensors optionally include exercise machine sensors 116 which are operable to sense information about the state of the exercise machine 142 and communicate the information to the controller 102. These exercise machine sensors 116 can include, for example, the pressure sensors described in the aforementioned incorporated patents and patent applications, or, as another example, sensors operable to measure current draw from the motor, angle of incline of the running surface , etc.

[1043] The sensors also include at least one user presence sensor 118 associated with the running surface or the enclosure 110. The user presence sensor(s) 118 is operable to sense information about the location, speed, or movement of the user within the exercise machine 142 and communicate the information to the controller 102. Example user presence sensors 118a / l 18b / l 18c / l 18d / l 18e / l 18f / l 18g / l 18h are schematically shown in the detail block diagram of Figure IB and further decried below.

[1044] The sensors also optionally include at least one user status sensor 120. The user status sensor(s) 120 are operable to sense biometric information about the user, such as the user’s heart rate, oxygen consumption, body temperature, breathing rate, etc. and communicate that information to the controller 102. The user status sensor 120 can be a wearable sensor. Biometric sensors including wearable sensors are well known in the art and will not be discussed in detailDocket No. 175798-#49-01PCT 03 NOV 2025 herein.

[1045] In one example, the user presence sensor(s) 118 include one or more pressure or load sensors 118a in an orthotic or underneath the running surface 103 (shown schematically in Figure 2B). Any known pressure / load sensor could be used. For example, a network of pressure sensors 118a is configured to sense the application of pressure corresponding to the user’s steps. Each of the pressure sensors 118a are configured to send information about the amount and duration of pressure exhibited by that specific sensor coupled with the location of that specific sensor within the network of sensors to the controller 102.

[1046] The information can be sent upon receipt of a sense command from the controller 102 or periodically at predetermined time intervals preprogrammed into the sensor(s) 118a or specified by the controller 102, or otherwise streamed continuously in real time such as via an analog signal into an VO pin on the controller 102. Using this information, a processor implemented on the controller 102 is configured to determine information about the user’s presence according to the amount and duration of pressure exerted by the user’s foot on each pressure sensor 118a within the network, including for instance the user’s precise location along the running surface, the user’s trajectory / direction of the user’s movement along the running surface, and the user’s speed (the latter two using pressure information over time). In some example network arrangements, multiplayer interactive exercise sessions may use multi-player system connections and / or peer-to- peer connections to transmit cryptographically signed packets containing cadence and position or player status information.

[1047] In another example, the user presence sensor(s) 118 includes one or more strain sensors 118b which may be implemented on a nonrigid portion of the enclosure 104 such as any of the fabric or flexible elements of the enclosures described in any of the aforementioned incorporated applications. Any known strain sensor could be used. In one example, the strain sensor 118b is implemented at or near the seal frame as described in the aforementioned incorporated applications.

[1048] In a particular example, strain sensor(s) 118b may also incorporate flexible or elastic members 118b’, like strings on retractable rigs, at least one of which is configured to interact with a secondary sensor 118b” like a potentiometer. In this example, the combined strain sensor 118b and secondary rotational sensor 118b” provide more accurate information about the user’s presence. In another example, the secondary sensor 118b” is a load sensor. Strain experienced by the strain sensor 118b is related to the user’s presence. For example, if a user stands in the approximate center of the running surface within enclosure 110, the running surface will be under a baseline tension which corresponds to a baseline strain experienced by the strain sensor. If theDocket No. 175798-#49-01PCT 03 NOV 2025 user leans, twists, or moves to the left, strain experienced by a strain sensor 118b to the right of the user will increase while strain experienced by a strain sensor 118b to the left of the user will decrease. In a more particular example, a plurality of strain sensors 118b are circumferentially spaced about the user seal near the user’s waist.

[1049] Figures 4A-F show such optional sensor arrangements. Holes 300 in the enclosure 104 are operable to receive a user’s legs. In the example of Figures 4A-B, a strain sensor 118b is arranged at an anchor point 301. The anchor point 301 can be at any point on the system 100 that is convenient and includes cabling or wireless transmitters as are known in the art to transmit data over wire or wirelessly to the controller 102. In the example of Figures 4A-B the anchor point 301 is arranged on the handrail 107a, but other configurations are also contemplated such as the vertical posts 107b or seal frame 105. The anchor point 301 may also be on the fabric shell of the enclosure 104.

[1050] The strain sensor 118a is removably coupled to the fabric of the enclosure 104 near the user via any reversible coupling such as a hook and loop coupling 302 as is schematically shown in Figures 4A-B, though it should be understood other reversible couplings that are well known in the art could be used. The reversible coupling 302 allows for easy ingress / egress of the user while also allowing the strain sensor 118b to be correctly positioned near the user after the user has entered the system 100 to provide the best sensory feedback. In some configurations one aspect of the reversible coupling 302 may be on a pair of shorts or pants worn by the user. The shorts or pants can be configured to be reversibly attached to other aspects of the system for the security of the user. The shorts or pants can thus be removed for easy cleaning, washing, or exchanged for different size users.

[1051] In this example, the sensor 118b feedback would read both displacement and angle relative to a reference plane P and coordinate system such that the exact position of the user in space can be determined. For example, in an assumed horizontal plane of motion, a movement backward of the user will cause an increase of the length L along the reference plane P but no change in angle < relative to the reference plane P. A sideways displacement will contribute a larger angle < change with relatively little change in length L. A rotation will contribute both a longer change in angle < and longer change in length L. This would behave similar to a polar coordinate system where radius and angle are used to calculate the position of a fixed point on the user seal.

[1052] Figures 4C-D show another example with up to four strain sensors 118b shown orthogonally placed around a user’s waist, two of which are associated with the seal frame, one of which is associated with a vertical post 107b, and one of which is associated with the handrail 107a via anchor points 302. Like reference numerals and letters denote like features as wereDocket No. 175798-#49-01PCT 03 NOV 2025 described above for Figures 4A-B. It should be understood that any of the features discussed above for Figures 4A-B could be used in the example of Figures 4C-D. Here, forward and side to side motion contribute increases and decreases in sensors 118b on opposite sides of the user’s waist to tell horizontal and fore / aft displacement of the user’s body. Figure 4D shows the effect of the user rotating in the system relative to the fixed initial coordinate system and the increase on load / strain of the sensors. However, if the sensors are originally placed at an angle relative to the user’s body, is in the location of the sensors in Figure 4D, with the user’s body oriented forward (as in Figure 4C), then rotational direction can also be ascertained because a counterclockwise motion leads to an increase in the sensor 118b strain and a clockwise motion will lead to a decrease in the sensor 118b strain. Therefore it may be advantageous to bias the location of the reversible couplings 402 relative to the user’s body with the user facing forward.

[1053] Figures 4E-F show four strain sensors 118b biased “off center” from the user. Like reference numerals and letters denote like features as were described above for Figures 4A-D. It should be understood that any of the features discussed above for Figures 4A-D could be used in the example of Figures 4E-F. In this example two sensors 118b are associated with a common anchor point 401, one anchor point 401 being at a vertical post 107b and another being at the handrail 107a at the front of the exercise machine 102. This reduces the number of anchor points 402 but the system can still tell enough information to ascertain both orthogonal fore / aft and side / side displacement as well as rotation without the need for measuring the angle < as in the example from Figures 4A-B.

[1054] A rotation counterclockwise as shown in Figure 4G causes minimal change in length of one sensor 118b and much greater change in length of the other sensor 118b (for each pair of sensors), whereas clockwise rotation (not shown) will create the opposite effect for length changes. Displacement fore / aft can be measured by the front pair of sensors associated with the anchor point 401 at the handrail 107a and side to side displacement can be measured by the side pair of sensors at the anchor point 401 associated with the vertical post 107b. In another example the sensors 118b are arranged inline with any cabling that is part of the system 100 such as described in any of the aforementioned incorporated patents and patent applications.

[1055] If a secondary angular sensor 118b” is used, then angle can also be measured in the Z-axis (in and out of the page) for measuring vertical displacement of the user’s body. Also, only translational movement can be recorded as well without desire to record rotational movement, and in such case side to side translation could be transformed into rotation for example of a user’s virtual avatar. For example if the user shifts their body to the left, their avatar may rotate counterclockwise, and in this way the user can navigate a virtual world as described herein.Docket No. 175798-#49-01PCT 03 NOV 2025

[1056] Similar to the pressure sensors 118a described above, the strain sensor(s) 118b is configured to sense strain experienced by the enclosure 104 and send information about the strain coupled with information about the location of the strain sensor 118b to the controller 102. The information can be sent upon receipt of a sense command from the controller 102 or periodically at predetermined time intervals preprogrammed into the sensor(s) 118b or specified by the controller 102 or streamed in real time. A processor implemented on the controller 102 is configured to determine information about the user’s presence according to the amount and duration of strain experienced by the strain sensor 118b, including for instance the user’s precise location along the running surface 103, the user’s trajectory / direction of the user’s movement along the running surface 103, and the user’s speed (the latter two using strain information over time), or the user’s rotational position relative to a stationary aspect of the system 100.

[1057] In another example, the user presence sensor(s) 118 includes at least one proximity sensor 118c associated with a stationary part of the exercise machine 102 such as the vertical posts 107b or other frame elements discussed in the aforementioned incorporated patents and patent applications. Any known proximity sensor could be used. The proximity sensor(s) 118c is configured to sense the proximity of a user with respect to the stationary part of the exercise machine 102 and send the proximity information to the controller 102. For instance if the user moves left, the user’s proximity to a proximity sensor 118d on a left-hand vertical post 107b increases.

[1058] Similar to the pressure sensors 118a and strain sensors 118b described above, the proximity sensor(s) 118c is configured to sense proximity of the user and send information about the proximity and location of the proximity sensor the controller 102. The information can be sent upon receipt of a sense command from the controller 102 or periodically at predetermined time intervals preprogrammed into the sensor(s) 118c or specified by the controller 102 or streamed in real time. A processor implemented on the controller 102 is configured to determine information about the user’s presence according to the proximity information, including for instance the user’s precise location along the running surface 103, the user’s trajectory / direction of the user’s movement along the running surface 103, and the user’s speed (the latter two using proximity information over time), or the user’ s rotational position relative to a stationary aspect of the system 100.

[1059] In another example, the user presence sensor(s) 118 includes at least one accelerometer attached to the user such as in a chest or waist strap. Any known accelerometer could be used. The accelerometer(s) 118d is configured to sense acceleration (speed and direction) of the part of the user, or simply the lean or angular twist or rotational speed of a part of the user’ s body to whichDocket No. 175798-#49-01PCT 03 NOV 2025 it is attached and send the acceleration information to the controller 102.

[1060] Similar to the pressure sensors 118a / l 18b / l 18c described above the accelerometer 118d can send acceleration information to the controller 102 upon receipt of a sense command from the controller 102 or periodically at predetermined time intervals preprogrammed into the accelerometer(s) 118d or specified by the controller 102. A processor implemented on the controller 102 is configured to determine information about the user’s presence according to the acceleration information, including for instance the user’s trajectory / direction of the user’s movement along the running surface 103 and the user’s speed, or the user’s rotational position relative to a stationary aspect of the system 100.

[1061] In another example, schematically shown in Figure 5, the user presence sensor(s) 118 includes at least one pressure sensor 118f associated with a pressure bladder 118f in the enclosure 104. The pressure bladder 118f is in one example a pocket or plurality of pockets formed near the seal frame. In one example there are a plurality of pockets arranged circumferentially about a seal frame proximate the user’s waist. In another example the pressure bladder 118fis a single circumferential pocket extending part ways or fully around the seal frame. The pocket(s) 118f is filled with a fluid such as a liquid or gas and one or more pressure sensors 118f are configured to sense the pressure of the fluid in the pocket(s) 118f . The pressure sensor(s) 118f operate similarly to the strain sensor(s) 118b discussed above.

[1062] Pressure experienced by the pressure sensor(s) 118f is related to the user’s presence. For example, if a user stands in the approximate center of running surface 103 the pocket(s) 118f will be under a baseline pressure. If the user leans, twists, or moves to the left, pressure in the pocket(s) to the left of the user will increase while pressure in a pocket(s) 118f to the right of the user will decrease. Similar to the other sensors 118a / l 18b / l 18c / l 18d / l 18e described above the pressure sensor(s) 118f is configured to sense pressure in the pocket(s) 118f and send information about the pressure coupled with information about the location of the pressure sensor 118f with respect to the user seal frame to the controller 102.

[1063] The information can be sent upon receipt of a sense command from the controller 102 or periodically at predetermined time intervals preprogrammed into the sensor(s) 118f or specified by the controller 102, or in real time. A processor implemented on the controller 102 is configured to determine information about the user’s presence according to the amount and duration of pressure experienced by the pressure sensor(s) 118f, including for instance the user’s precise location along the running surface 103, the user’s trajectory / direction of the user’s movement along the running surface 103, and the user’s speed (the latter two using pressure information over time), or the user’s rotational position relative to a stationary aspect of the system 100.Docket No. 175798-#49-01PCT 03 NOV 2025

[1064] In another example, the user presence sensor(s) 118 includes at least one camera system 118g configured to visually determine a user’s location, body position, angular twist, etc. Such camera systems are known in the art and will not be described in detail herein. Similar to the other sensors 118a / l 18b / l 18c / l 18d / l 18e / l 18f described above the camera(s) 118g is configured to send information about the user to the controller 102. The information can be sent upon receipt of a sense command from the controller 102 or periodically at predetermined time intervals preprogrammed into the camera system(s) 118g or specified by the controller 102, or sent in real time.

[1065] It may be advantageous to mount the camera system 118g outside the enclosure 104 and in view of the user’s upper body and torso as opposed to other systems which analyze gait and mount cameras looking at the lower body only. Mounting a camera to the outside and focused on the user’s upper body and torso can provide more meaningful feedback for a gaming application as to the user’s intent on how a virtual character should be moving around a 3D world.

[1066] Camera system 118g can also be operable to recognize visual cues a user may make with arms, hands, and / or head that could not be achieved with a lower body camera. The visual cues can be used as feedback for the controller 102 and implemented according to the various aspects described herein. A processor implemented on the controller 102 is configured to determine information about the user’ s presence according to the data from the camera sensor 118g, including for instance the user’s precise location along the running surface 103, the user’s body position or trajectory / direction of the user’s movement along the running surface 103, and the user’s speed (the latter two using location information over time), or the user’s rotational position relative to a stationary aspect of the system 100.

[1067] In a further example schematically depicted in Figure 6, various user worn articles of clothing and other non-system items are shown having built-in sensors 118h, such as internal accelerometers or GPS modules, that are pre-configured to sense and collect information about the user data such as position, location and movements. For instance, personal electronic devices such as mobile phones or watches may include built-in accelerometers, GPS sensors and the like configured for evaluating and collecting movement and position data of the user. Many such devices are further adapted for monitoring and collecting health information of the user, such as heart rate data or sleep patterns. Similarly, footwear or other items external to the modified gravity system are known and often employed by users and the corresponding items to monitor and collect movement, location and health information of the user.

[1068] The corresponding sensors 118h and information sensed and / or collected by these third party items may be used by the modified gravity system 100,200 along with system-related sensorsDocket No. 175798-#49-01PCT 03 NOV 2025 described above for performing actions and functions. Sensors 118h and the corresponding devices may be arranged for long or short-term communication with the Controller 102, physically connected to Controller 102, or may communicate via network connections transferring user information with Controller 102 and / or cooperate with Controller 102 for conducting exercise sessions for the user. For instance, communications between sensors 118h may include direct wireless communications such as via BLUETOOTH or similar communication mechanisms.

[1069] Further, these communications can occur before, after or during exercise sessions for the user, such as for collecting user or session data prior to performing evaluations, sending related information to a user-accessible computer or storage after performing use by the system, communicating with user sensors or devices during evaluations, and / or throughout interactions or actions pertaining to the user including for continually evaluating user health or performing similar user evaluations.

[1070] It should be understood that any combination of sensors 118a / 118b / 118c / 118d / 118e / 118f / 118g / 118h can be used together with one another. It shall further be understood that other such sensors exist in the art and can be incorporated herein to provide data to the controller 102 about the user’s body position, position relative to the exercise system 102, or intention of how the user desires the controller 102 to modify the operating parameters of the exercise device (i.e. change the speed, incline, etic), which is discussed in more detail below.

[1071] Various other sensors including sensors customized for various interactive workout sessions and / or gameplay session options and related actions for each interactive application may be included and / or developed as appropriate for the interactive application and corresponding user actions. These additional and / or customized sensors may be mapped, customized, calibrated and fine-tuned for detecting user actions or other movements for the particular interactive application. The following include example sensor mappings, interpretations example usage adapted for particular interactive applications:User Interactions With Virtual Environment

[1072] Referring now to Figure 7A along with Figures 4A to 6, a further example MG exercise system 740 is shown that is similar to MG systems 140, 540 and 640 described above and in the incorporated patents and patent applications. MG exercise system 740 generally includes the same aspects and features as systems 140, 540 & 640, as well as the systems described in the incorporated patents and applications except as described below. As such, like numbers refer to like features.

[1073] MG exercise system 740 primarily differs from the similar MG exercise systems and systems noted above in that MG exercise system, as depicted, may include an A / V system 740Docket No. 175798-#49-01PCT 03 NOV 2025 along with the sensors described above, which enables bi-directional interactivity between a virtual environment and user actions based on the sensor data and operational control of the MG exercise machine by the control computer. Control computer 702 is operable to provide a virtual environment for the interactive exercise session, translate information from the sensor(s) 116 / 118 / 120 to a virtual representation of the user in that environment, and modify the user’s exercise session based on actions and interactions of the user / avatar with the virtual environment. Thus, not only is the interactivity bi-directional in that real world user actions affect the user’s avatar in the virtual world, but the converse also applies in that actions of the user’s avatar in the virtual world affects the user in the real world during the exercise session.

[1074] The representation can be an avatar or a likeness of the user. The virtual representation may be on A / V system 722 which may be implemented as part of the exercise machine 740 including the control computer and the user interface 794 thereof, and may also be shown on an auxiliary screen of a network-connected system with the MG exercise system, such as on a nearby remote control computer as described in the commonly-owned provisional patent app. no. 63 / 898,542 entitled, “Remotely InterActive MicroGravity (MG) Exercise System, Related Devices, and Methods” identified at the beginning of this application, and the related PCT application claiming priority to the ‘542 provisional that was filed on even date herewith. The A / V system 722 may be integrated with or separate from the user interface 794 or controller 702. The virtual representation of the user may also be in a virtual or augmented reality. Virtually representing a person in a display or in virtual or augmented reality are well known in the art and are not described in detail herein.

[1075] Controller 702 may be configured to use the position, trajectory, and / or speed information from the user presence sensor(s) 118 to simulate the position, trajectory, and / or speed of the virtual representation of the user. The user may be virtually represented in an interesting virtual environment, such as a landscape of the user’s choice, by a computer 124 that is integrated with or separate from the control computer 702. This may increase the user’s interest in the exercise session and encourage the user to continue exercising.

[1076] Further, realtime, or near real time feedback from the user presence sensor(s) 118, user status sensor(s) 120, or exercise machine sensor(s) 116 may be mapped to near instantaneous reaction of the avatar, and enable near real-time reactions and impacts to operations of the MG exercise system 740. In particular, parameters for exercise operations, such as treadmill speed or incline, and / or settings of the MG system gravity environment, may modified (effectively controlled) based on the user’s intent for controlling the avatar on the screen as indicated by sensor data showing what the user is attempting for the avatar to do next (move faster, slower, turn, jump,Docket No. 175798-#49-01PCT 03 NOV 2025 crouch, etc.).

[1077] In other words, actions of the user and of the avatar (virtual representation) may be bilaterally or mutually interactive, such that the user may perform actions responsive to the virtual environment, like change directions to follow a virtual path or move to avoid a virtual obstacle of the virtual environment, and the reverse may also be true. Namely, that the MG exercise system may change parameters like speed & inline, and / or settings of the gravity environment responsive to actions depicted in the virtual representation.

[1078] The controller 702 is configured to improve the exercise experience of the user in order to encourage the user to exercise and maximize the benefits of exercise. In one example, the controller 702 is configured to control the exercise machine 740 according to information from the user presence sensor(s) 118 and optionally, the user status sensor(s) 120 and the exercise machine sensor(s) 116. In a particular example, the controller 702 is configured to control the differential air pressure system 108 to increase or decrease the effective body weight experienced by the user based on information from the sensor(s) 116 / 118 / 120.

[1079] In addition, control actions may be performed to maintain or modulate the level of exertion of the user. The information from the sensors may include user presence information from the user presence sensor(s) 118 and, optionally, biometric information from the user status sensor(s) 120. In some examples the controller 702 may also be configured to take into account information from the exercise machine sensors 116, such as information about the speed of the running surface 143 or reverse current generated by the motor if the drive is in a disconnected state and the user is pushing the running surface 143 which is providing resistance.

[1080] For instance, a user may engage in a predefined exercise program which is associated with a predefined exertion level for the user that is either constant or changes over the course of the program to implement, for example, an interval program. The exercise program may monitor exercise information such as speed, incline, duration, resistance, and / or desired effective bodyweight for the user according to which the controller 702 may control the exercise machine 740 and differential air pressure system 106. The exertion level may, in some examples, be personalized for the user based on estimated, known or user-provided information about the user such as the user’s height, weight, gender, fitness status, information about past or present injuries, or biometric information from the user status sensor(s) 120.

[1081] Information from the user presence sensor(s) 118 can be used to determine the user’s exertion level. For instance, if the user is tiring and having trouble keeping up with the speed of the treadmill, the user may start gravitating towards the back of the running surface 743, which may be sensed by the user presence sensor(s) 118 as discussed above. In another example, theDocket No. 175798-#49-01PCT 03 NOV 2025 user’s cadence (rate of footfalls on the running surface 743) may exceed an anticipated cadence suggesting that the user is struggling to keep up with the speed of the treadmill. This may indicate the user’ s exertion level is exceeding an expected exertion level for the exercise program. As such, the controller 702 may be operable to reduce the user’s exertion level by reducing the speed, incline, or resistance of the running surface 743 and / or increasing the pressure in the enclosure 710 as discussed above.

[1082] Controlling the exertion experienced by the user in this way may be encouraging for the user as the user may be spared feelings of failure or fatigue. In addition, the likelihood of the user overexerting themselves and as a consequence, injuring themselves or exacerbating an existing injury, is reduced. Conversely, if the exercise is too “easy” for the user, the user may gravitate towards the front of the running surface 743 suggesting the user is eager to run faster or increase his or her overall exertion level, or may speed parameter below an anticipated stride rate or below a speed indicating the user is fatigued or exercising beyond capabilities.

[1083] If the control computer detects the exercise level is too easy, the exertion level of the user may be increased by, for instance, increasing the speed or incline of the running surface 743 or increasing the experienced bodyweight of the user accordingly. This may ensure that the user’s exercise is effective. Other examples are also contemplated. For instance, the speed with which the user’s footfall pushes the belt of the running surface may indicate whether the user is keeping up with the treadmill settings as expected or can handle more speed / incline.Interpreting & Mapping Sensor Data

[1084] In another example, information sensed by the user presence sensor(s) 118 can be used as a proxy for the user’s desire to implement certain controls via the controller 102. For instance, the user leaning forward can be mapped to a “speed up” command. That is, the controller 702 may be preprogrammed to increase the speed of the running surface 743 upon receiving information from the user presence sensor(s) 118 that the user has leaned forward. Other such commands are contemplated.

[1085] In one example, the system 740 may be integrated with a neurologic training system, examples of which are known in the art. For instance, the system 740 may include a set of lights situated around the system for a user to press on when they light up. This may enable simultaneous neurologic and physical exercise / training. As a user demonstrates proficient reaction time in tapping the lights, the level of exertion may be automatically increased to make the training exercise more difficult.

[1086] In a more particular example, the virtual environment may be associated with programming for the exercise machine 740 that simulates an environment for the user to experience during theDocket No. 175798-#49-01PCT 03 NOV 2025 interactive exercise session. Default settings or modifications may be provided as part of the programming for executing certain command signals to the control computer 702 and the exercise machine 740. For instance, if the environment includes a muddy area, the controller 702 may be directed to send a command signal to the exercise machine to increase resistance while the user is “walking” through the muddy area and alternatively or additionally decrease the pressure in an LBPP enclosure 710 via programming to simulate the increased exertion associated with walking through mud.

[1087] As another example, if the environment includes an elevation, the controller 702 may be directed to send a command signal to increase the incline of the exercise machine 742 and / or decrease the pressure in the enclosure 710 as the user “walks” uphill and a decreased incline and / or increased pressure in the enclosure 710 as the user “walks” downhill. This is another way to keep the user engaged with the exercise session and improve the user’s exercise experience.

[1088] In another example depicted in Figure 7A, a user may cause their avatar to navigate the virtual environment with jumping, twisting or other motions of their body that are sensed by the user presence sensor(s) 118 and in turn cause a change in their avatar’s position, speed, or orientation in the virtual world. For instance, jumping in the enclosure 710 may increase pressure, sensed by the pressure sensor, which the control computer may accurately interpret as the user attempting for their avatar to jump over a virtual obstacle. As such, the control computer 702 may instruct the virtual avatar to likewise jump over the obstacle. The control computer 702 may interpret characteristics of the jump from one or more sensor inputs. The representation of the virtual jump for example may be related to a pressure sensed on the stride surface 743 for making the jump, and the duration and magnitude may be sensed from the pressure spike and / or in combination with data detected from other sensors, such as from a load sensor that detects the user landing combined with the pressure sensor for making the jump along with timing data.

[1089] A virtual environment may encourage jump training of a user by presenting the user’s avatar with a series of obstacles they need to jump over. The system may sense a user is correctly jumping by monitoring the user’s vertical position via any of the user presence sensor(s) 118 discussed above. For example an accelerometer or camera can be used as discussed above, the pressure in the enclosure 710 as sensed by the exercise machine sensor(s) 116 changing can be linked to a jump. Other examples indicative of a jump, which could also be sensed by any of the user presence sensor(s) 118 discussed above. These may include, for instance, detecting footfalls getting farther apart as an indication of a jump, sensing increased force being applied by one or both feet as suggesting the application of a larger takeoff force for making a jump, and detecting higher movement of the user’s body in the machine for the jump.Docket No. 175798-#49-01PCT 03 NOV 2025

[1090] These example sensors and / or sensor data may be ‘mapped’ to indicate or suggest particular user actions taken for interacting virtually with the simulated environment, which the control computer 702 may represent with corresponding avatar actions, such as jumping as shown in Figure 7. Similarly, sensors detecting a user squat occurring in the enclosure 710 may cause a user’s avatar to bend down or duck in the virtual environment based, for instance, on sensors detecting an associated pressure change within the enclosure 710.

[1091] In addition, inputs detected by presence sensors, data from certain load sensors, movements detected by laser sensors, inputs from cameras or vision detection sensors, and the like may individually and / or in various combinations be identified as detecting various actions of the user. Further, inputs from various sensors may also be mapped as identifying actions performed by the user, such as for the example of a jump action, various data and information detected from different sensor types and locations may be mapped to various jump characteristics, such as jump start position, jump height jump distance, air time and so on that may be represented in the avatar’ s actions.

[1092] Referring now to Figures 7B and 7C along with Figure 7A, the virtual representation of the user may be depicted within a video game implemented on a computer that may be integrated with or separate from the control controller 702. Figure 7B shows a portion 740’ of the MG exercise system 740 of Figure 7A, but with a different virtual environment shown on the user interface 794’. The virtual environment shown, for instance, is for a video game, such as a video game known to the user, which may have a game map that the user can navigate. For the present example of Figures 7B and 7C, assume the video game is a popular football video game that allows a user to control a player to make a ‘hurdle move’ to jump over a player in their way. The control computer 702 uses information from the user presence sensor(s) 118 and other sensors as appropriate to translate the user’s activities to the video game as avatar activities. For instance, if the user moves / leans / twists, the user presence sensor(s) 118 and control controller 702’ may register and interpret the movements as the user indicating moving left as discussed above. In response the control computer 702’ may be configured to move the virtual representation of the user to the left. The video game may be as simple as walking through a map in an interesting virtual environment as discussed above.

[1093] Further, in some examples including the example of Figures 7B & 7C, the controller 702’ may be configured to map information from the user presence sensor(s) 118 that indicates a particular move for the avatar, to a controller for an existing video game incorporated into the MG exercise system 740’. Enabling a user to actually play a familiar or favorite video game in which the user acts as the control via actions during an interactive exercise session may significantlyDocket No. 175798-#49-01PCT 03 NOV 2025 increase user enjoyment and engagement with the exercise session. For instance, similar to the examples above, the controller 702 may be operable to input a “move left” command to a character in an existing video game when it registers that the user is moving / leaning / twisting left. Other commands are possible as well. For instance the user can lean forward or sink down, which can increase the enclosure pressure or may be sensed by any of the user presence sensor(s) 118 discussed above, to indicate a “duck” command in the video game.

[1094] The MG exercise system, and more particularly the user, may therefore replace a conventional video game controller in this way by the control computer 702’ mapping user movements to input signals for a standard controller, such as for instance, input commands for a controller of NINTENDO, PLAYSTATION, or XBOX game system that has a joy stick for receiving control movements or inputs that are mapped to particular character movements, or a button, trigger or combinations of the same for a controller that conventionally used for ducking, jumping or other movements that may be controllable via user actions during an interactive exercise session. However, not all input functions need to be mapped to a user movement or movements.

[1095] Mapping can be done for synonymous inputs such as a joystick for character movement while buttons on the exercise system may be mapped to similar button functions on the existing controller for example to shoot a weapon. The mapping of physical movement to a conventional controller allows a user to enjoy and play a game they and their friends may be invested in, but in a way that encourages and induces physical activity of the user. The exercise system is not limited to mimicking certain controls on an existing video game and may serve as its own gaming platform as well.

[1096] Figure 7B shows an example video game controller that may be used with a video game system for the example football video game mentioned above, which is depicted on the user interface screen 794’. Assume that the conventional video game controller requires the user to depress the right trigger while depressing the ‘down’ button on the stick or cross inputs to have an active player / avatar perform a ‘hurdle’ move to jump over another player. Assume also that the jump height, jump timing and jump duration are based on the user’s timing for actuating the combination of inputs and, in particular, on how long the user presses the ‘down’ button for jump height and duration. When the user of the MG exercise system attempts a ‘hurdle’ jump move, the user’s jump timing, height and duration may be detected. Based on mapping user actions to commands for the video game and controller, responsive to the user attempting a similar hurdle move and the sensor data collected for the user’s actions, the control computer 702’ is able to send commands for the avatar to similarly attempt the hurdle move in the football video game with theDocket No. 175798-#49-01PCT 03 NOV 2025 corresponding sensor data from the user’s actions. The commands sent by the control computer 704’ mapped to the video controller may be immediately executed for the video game the same as if coming from a controller. As such, the user effectively becomes the controller.

[1097] Referring again to Figure 7A, in a particular example, the MG exercise machine 740 includes a laser system with an aligned pair of front lasers 755 aimed across a front leg kick region within the inflated enclosure 710. The pair of lasers 755 may be adjustable and may be positioned and aimed across a custom front kick region that corresponds with particular therapy needs of the user. The pair of lasers 755 project a laser beam therebetween that may act as a stride goal on or near the running surface 743. When a user crosses over the projection, the laser system is configured to register the interruption in the laser beam and communicate the interruption to the controller 702. The controller 702 tracks the interruptions, which correspond to a number of steps by the user having the desired stride length. When a predefined number of interruptions is met, the user can earn a reward as discussed above.

[1098] Further to the examples described above, the sensor data detected and collected may be interpreted in various ways and be mapped to have various indications depending on the type of interactive session, goals or interests of the user, and user capabilities among other factors. Potential interpretations and mapping for some of the actions detected by the sensors and available data, among others, including the following examples (a) to (g).

[1099] (a) Sensor Interactions With Virtual Environment: For example, sensing a 10% increase over a 300 ms period may be mapped as sensing an avatar jump.[HOO] (b) Chamber Pressure Drift -» Low-Gravity Bonus: An increase of +5% over a 2s may be mapped as sensing a float or high jump.[HOI] (c) Torso Rotation via Camera / IMU -» Steering: Sensing a 15° yaw angular rotation about a vertical axis sustained for 200 ms or more may be mapped as indicating an avatar turn for the user’s avatar.

[1102] (d) Cadence Synchronization -» Team Event Unlock: Detecting the user matching cadence within ±5% for 10 s may be mapped to the user unlocking a cooperative task.

[1103] (e) Stride Variability -» Terrain Difficulty: Detecting a high coefficient of variation = may be mapped as an indication of the avatar stumbling in mud or other obstacle.

[1104] (f) HRR% > Threshold -» Sprint Boost: A Heart Rate Reserve (HRR) (an indication of exercise intensity) detected as HRR% >85% = may be mapped or associated with the user earning an in-game speed bonus + slight belt acceleration.Docket No. 175798-#49-01PCT 03 NOV 2025

[1105] (g) Secure Multiplayer Synchronization: Gameplay state may be updated only when biomechanical telemetry is validated for plausibility and authenticity. Packets inconsistent with treadmill or chamber dynamics may be discarded, providing enhanced anti-cheat integrity.Rewards & Penalties

[1106] The controller 102 is also operable to apply penalties and rewards to the user. The penalties or rewards may be, but need not be, in the context of a video game. The rewards and penalties are in one example physical rewards or penalties. For instance, a physical reward may be decreasing resistance of the exercise machine 102 or increasing pressure in an LBPP enclosure 104 for a predefined time period. Conversely a physical penalty may be increasing resistance of the exercise machine 102 or decreasing pressure in an LBPP enclosure 104 for a predefined time period.

[1107] Another physical reward may be enabling certain features such as the ability to watch videos / shows, listen to music, or make video calls via the A / V system 122, and the converse physical penalty may be disabling these features. Another physical reward may be unlocking new speed / incline / resistance levels on the exercise machine 140. Rewards and achievements can be structured in a way to build a user’s overall fitness without them realizing what is going on.

[1108] For example, a beginning level user may simply have a goal of walking for lOmin at a minimum speed of 3mph. Achieving this reward may unlock a new level and may additionally unlock the ability of a user to join a new more advanced virtual training group. The new level may then help a user increase their speed, and therefore reduce the effective weight of the user, while requiring them to run internals at a higher speed of 5mph for 30s and repeat a number of times.

[1109] The reduced body weight allowing the user to more easily move at a higher speed may help that user develop additional fast twitch fibers. Passing that level may then move toward building a user’s endurance where the next level may require a user to run a mile in under 8min for example with no more than 60% weight support. The example above is to illustrate how the system described herein may guide a user through an increasingly different and varying program to improve their overall fitness and strength in a way that is encouraging and gamified.

[1110] In another example rewards and penalties may be “virtual” or in-game rewards or penalties, such as the award or removal of points, virtual awards, powerups, access to new levels, etc. The control computer 102 is operable to track the application of penalties / rewards and display the information on the A / V system 122 or affect the physical operating parameters of the machine such as, but not limited to, speed, incline degree of weight support, etc. For instance the user’s points and virtual awards can be displayed.[HU] For example, a user may be encouraged during a point in a game to work harder butDocket No. 175798-#49-01PCT 03 NOV 2025 maintain a heart rate above 150bpm for at least 3min. Upon achieving this award, their avatar may gain an endurance power up which allows them to move at a faster speed in the game for an extended period of time before returning to normal. The controller may spontaneously offer such opportunities to the user during a session, or may have a course or levels that are preset and require a user to meet the award to pass the level and achieve the goal. In the context of existing games, passing a level may give the user a new weapon or extra life. Similar rewards may be given for achieving physical feats inside the exercise device.[1H2] The user can earn rewards by meeting certain default metrics or goals that may be provided as part of the exercise program. For instance, a default metric or goal may be for the user to maintain a certain heart rate for a certain period of time. In this case, the controller 102 may receive information about the user’s heart rate from the user status sensor(s) 120 and, when the default or goal heart rate is achieved for default or goal period, implement the application of a reward such as by sending a command signal to an LBPP differential air pressure system 108 to increase the pressure in the enclosure 104 for a default period of time. Conversely, the user may earn penalties by failing to meet certain metrics.Example Stand-Alone MG System

[1113] Referring now to Figure 8, yet another MG exercise system 840 is shown generally includes the same aspects and features as MG exercise systems 140, 540, 640, 740 and 740’ except as discussed hereafter. As such, like numbers refer to like features. MG exercise system primarily differs from the MG exercise systems discussed above in that it is configured for use as a standalone or single-user MG exercise system, which nonetheless is adapted to provide an interactive exercise session for the user.[1H4] In addition to a control computer 802, MG exercise system 840 is configured to include a virtual machine (VM) 851 adapted to simulate a second MG exercise system electronically connected to MG exercise system 840 that similarly has, or simulates having, a virtual control computer 852. VM 851 may be configured as a software-based computer including virtual control computer formed 852 that is formed as an isolated portion of the control computer’s 802 resources, as is known in the art. VM 851 is adapted to simulate operating as a second MG exercise system with a second user interacting with MG exercise system and its user for an interactive exercise session that the user performs on MG exercise system 840 while interacting with the virtual machine and simulated virtual user.[1H5] As discussed above along with discussing interactions between a user and a simulated avatar, VM 851 may simulate a virtual representation of the actual user of MG exercise system 840 for user-interactions with a virtual environment, such that the actual user effectively controlsDocket No. 175798-#49-01PCT 03 NOV 2025 the avatar as a simulated version of the user for exploring or interacting with a simulated environment without VM 851 having to simulate operations as a second MG exercise system. However, VM 851 may be configured for fully simulating operations as a second MG exercise system along with simulating a virtual second user and interactions between the actual user and the simulated virtual user.[1H6] VM 851 may reside within memory of the control computer 802, on another computer in electronic communication with control computer 802, within distributed computer components of the control computer 802 or of MG exercise system 840, and / or in the cloud. VM 851 may be included as a default arrangement of most MG exercise systems for enabling practice interactions with other MG exercise systems or gaining familiarity with features of the MG exercise system, as well as for enabling ready use of the MG exercise system for user exercise without requiring the user to locate or interact with another user on another MG exercise system.Interactive Networked Arrangements

[1117] Referring now to Figure 9A, an example peer-to-peer (P2P) arrangement of network connected MG exercise systems is depicted that includes system 140 as described above, and additional DAP systems 240, 340, 440 and 440’. DAP systems 140, 240, 340, 440 and 440’ generally include the same aspects and features as MG exercise system 140, except as described hereafter. As such, like numbers refer to like features.[1H8] The P2P arrangement of Figure 9A depicts a decentralized network arrangement generally lacking any particular topology or structure. As such, each control computer 102, 202, 302, 402 and 402’ joins the P2P network randomly for an interactive session with another MG interactive system or systems. Further, each control computer for an interactive session acts as both a server and a client for the session. A P2P network topology may provide significant benefits, such as being highly resilient and also scalable. P2P networks are robust in that any single point of failure is removed due to each control computer acting as both a client and a server. Further, P2P topologies are extremely scalable, which may allow a large number of participants to join an interactive session. Because each participant node is both a client and a server, collective capabilities increase as the network grows and offsets slow downs typically occurring when a large number of entities join a session. However, P2P arrangements suffer drawbacks related to the lack of structure, which may make it difficult to locate a particular entity or resource for an interactive session.[1H9] As shown, each control computer 102, 202, 302, 402 and 402’ may include a WebSocket Server 155, 255, 355, 455 and 455’ which can enhance the speed and handling of interactive messaging during an interactive session. Each WS server is depicted as located on eachDocket No. 175798-#49-01PCT 03 NOV 2025 respective control computer for handling gameplay messaging of the interactive sessions, which is technically possible. However, for various reasons, the WebSocket servers 155, 255, 355, 455 and 455’ are located on a different computing device (not shown) that is electronically connected to the respective control computer 102, 202, 302, 402, 402’ that operates the interactive application. These reasons may include resource isolation, scalability, load balancing, distribution, and security reasons among others.

[1120] Browser-based applications are relatively quick and easy to use for many interactive applications. When using WebSockets, gameplay data frames are exchanged between a browser (interactive game) & a WebSocket server 155, 255, 355, 455 and 455’) using HTTP headers, which have very little overhead after an initial handshake that upgrades the HTTP connection and creates the WebSocket connection. Once established and until closed, WebSocket connections for an interactive session provide substantially instant, full-duplex (two-way) data flows via connections that have minimal overhead per message.[H21] This results in much faster data transmission between each participant (peer) and the respective WebSocket server of other peers compared with conventional methods, like AJAX polling for each participant of an interactive session. For example, messages for the interactive, browser-based game applications running on each control computer 102, 202, 302, 402, 402’ may require each peer MG system 140, 240, 340, 440 and 440’ repeately sending and receiving update messages as the respective participants progress through the interactive application. For instance, an interactive application of each user even for a simple interactive race competition would likely include the application for each user repeatedly reporting the respective user’s location to the WebSocket server corresponding with the user and to other WebSocket servers for other participants. Further, a dedicated WebSocket server may be created for each system 140, 240, 340, 440 and 440’ and type of interactive session, and thus may be customized for the respective user and corresponding server.

[1122] Referring now to Figure 9B, an example hybrid peer-to-peer (P2P) arrangement of network connected MG exercise systems is depicted that again includes system 140 as described above, and additional DAP systems 240, 340, 440 and 440’. As for Figure 9Am DAP systems 140, 240, 340, 440 and 440’ generally include the same aspects and features as MG exercise system 140, except as described hereafter. As such, like numbers refer to like features.

[1123] The hybrid P2P arrangement of Figure 9B includes Super Peers identified as Central Server 451 and Central Server 551, to which ordinary peer computers including participants for a MG interactive session. Each respective control computer for an MG exercise system participant joins through one of the Super Peers / Control Servers 451 or 551, each of which performsDocket No. 175798-#49-01PCT 03 NOV 2025 functions like user discovery, indexing, and locating resources for the child peers each manages, but data transfer still occurs directly between peers. As such, efficiencies are gained each central server 451 and 551 for searching and management functions, while scalability and direct communication benefits of P2P systems are retained. Such arrangements may be beneficial for arranging and managing interactive sessions between MG systems, while retaining the fast messaging benefits during the interactive sessions gained through P2P messaging and enhanced via the use of WebSockets.

[1124] Referring now to Figure 10, an example central server or conventional multi-player arrangement of network connected MG exercise systems is depicted that once again includes system 140 as described above, and additional DAP systems 140, 240 and 340. As for Figures 9A & 9B MG exercise systems 140, 240 and 340 generally include the same aspects and features as MG exercise system 140, except as described hereafter. As such, like numbers refer to like features.[H25] The central server or game server arrangement of Figure 10 includes a Game Server 591 (also known as a Master Control Server or Central Server 591), which provides files, data, applications, and information to each client, which for interactive sessions includes monitoring the status, progression and actions of each participant, as well as sharing information, session updates and outcomes for all participants. For interactive sessions, the central server 591 would evaluate and determine rewards and penalties for participants and issue modification commands to each respective control computer throughout an MG exercise session. This arrangement may provide secure and efficient transmissions of data and communications, but is susceptible to slow downs and lag time due to the request-response nature of communications with the central server 591 and existence of only one central server.Example Interactive Session Details

[1126] Referring now to Figures 11 A- 11C & 12 along with Figure 2A, example user interface 194 scenarios are shown according to aspects and features of the modified gravity exercise systems and related methods described herein. The user interface 194 arrangements shown may be configured to incentivize exercise and encourage more intensive exercise sessions for users. In particular, incentives may be provided via interactive exercise options, in which the system interacts with the user, such as by applying rewards, penalties and / or handicaps for the user responsive to their exercise performance.

[1127] For instance, the options may include interactive training session options, gameplay options or other interactive exercise between the user and themself (e.g. previous performance), virtual competitors and / or other entities (real or virtual) such that users may consider exerciseDocket No. 175798-#49-01PCT 03 NOV 2025 sessions ‘fun’ (especially young users or children). As such, Figures 11A and 11B depict example user interface scenarios for enabling a user to quickly and easily begin an interactive exercise session, which includes various categories and options within the categories for selecting interactive exercise sessions. These categories and options may be customized for the user and may provide a wide range of selection types and options likely meeting interests of the user.

[1128] The available categories and options may be adapted for corresponding with a wide range of users. For instance, categories for “Training Sessions” and preset options for the same may likely encourage adult users like athletes or others with strong interests in exercise to pursue the various options. Further, categories for “Gameplay” along with many different options for the same may likely pique the interests of younger users and encourage the same to explore the various options. Interactive features such as advancement within a gameplay option, receiving rewards or engaging in friendly competition may likely hold or increase their interest.

[1129] Figures 11C to 12 depict example user interface scenarios for an example gameplay session entitled, for instance, “Little Red Riding Hood.” Such a gameplay session may be conducted on modified gravity exercise system 740 shown in Figure 7 based, in part, on the arrangement of the lasers and the laser beam extending therebetween across the front portion within the enclosure.

[1130] The gameplay may include encouraging the user to walk down a virtual representation of a ‘path’ to grandma's house, in which the user needs to increase their stride length in the forward direction (break the laser beam) to step on a bug, for which the user may view a virtual representation on the user interface. If the user ‘squashes’ a goal amount of bug during the example gameplay scenario, the user may immediately receive a reward such as celebratory lights and sounds being activated. Conversely, if unsuccessful, the user may immediately receive a penalty like dreary sounds, lights or displays being triggered.[H31] For other example implementations, one or more rewards, penalties and / or handicaps may be applied to a subsequent exercise session including a follow-up sub-session for the same gameplay option. As such, the user may look forward to receiving a series of increasing rewards or advancement within the game as the user continues to improve. Likewise, negative performance or user effort may be discouraged by users receiving a series of penalties applied to future sessions or dropping in rankings for the gameplay scenario.

[1132] In another example implementation, timing for application of rewards and penalties may be different. For instance, earned rewards may be applied to subsequent sessions, whereas earned penalties may be applied immediately. Such an arrangement may provide encouragement for users via gameplay advancement for showing improvement, which may be particularlyDocket No. 175798-#49-01PCT 03 NOV 2025 beneficial for children. Conversely, applying penalties immediately rather than having them apply to a future session may mitigate adverse effects for a child for receiving a penalty. Delayed application of rewards and / or penalties to a user based on session performance, such as for a subsequent session may have similar effects as applying or modifying a handicap for the user in that handicaps tend to decrease (i.e. provide reduced benefits for future sessions) as user performance increases.Example Game Method

[1133] Referring now to Figure 13, a Method 1300 is shown that schematically represents operating a modified gravity exercise system for an interactive exercise session for the user. Method may include an Action 1310 for controlling the MG exercise system to perform the interactive exercise session, in which Action 1310 includes the Action 1312 of conducting exercise operations of the interactive exercise session for the user, and the Action 1314 of providing the first gravity environment such that the user has the first effective BW in the first gravity environment with respect to the stride surface within a default range. Method 1300 continues with the Action 1316 of automatically modifying the gravity environment responsive to interactions of the interactive exercise session including modifying the first gravity environment that provides the first effective BW to a second gravity environment that provides a second effective BW for the user within the default range.[H34] Action 1316 for automatically modifying includes the Action 1318 for one of Providing a reward to the user responsive to the user achieving an objective of the interactive session; Applying a penalty responsive to the user failing to meet an objective of the interactive session; and Applying a penalty responsive to a second user achieving a reward.EQ; Fairness; Normalization; Handicap Adjustments for an Interactive Exercise Session

[1135] The Action of 1312 to Conduct exercise operations may include Action 1320 for Determining parameters for exercise operations of the interactive exercise session including at least an effective bodyweight (BW) for the user, an ambulation speed, and a stride surface incline; Performing the exercise operations at the parameters determined; Evaluating selective adjustments to the determined exercise parameters for the exercise operations based on a set of adjustment factors selected from a plurality of adjustment factors sets including: Equivalence (EQ) factors; . . . Normalization factors; and Handicaps factors among others; ... and adjusting the parameters for the exercise settings based on the evaluating selective adjustments.

[1136] Parameter options & combinations appropriate for a user in accordance with user assessment suggestions, recommendations and any self-determined or other limits, as well based on adjustment factors like Normalization and / or Handicap Adjustments for the interactive exerciseDocket No. 175798-#49-01PCT 03 NOV 2025 session. Like almost any competition, MG system users involved with interactive exercise sessions and competitions may likely have concerns regarding competition fairness and any adjustments deemed necessary to level the playing field. Interactive exercise sessions may optionally set Equivalence standards for the exercise session, such as requiring combinations of parameters including %BW, Speed or Velocity, and Incline angle or percentage to provide the user with an equivalent exercise output as a selected standard, like for instance a combination of %BW, Speed, %Incline and optionally ambulation resistance identified as substantially equivalent to the standard identified, such as equivalent with a flat run at 7.5 mph at 100%BW, which at 75%BW would be equivalent with running at a speed of twelve (12) mph at an incline of 2% or 2% grade.

[1137] An EQ engine of a MG exercise system or a portable or online EQ Engine as described in the WO’ 896 publication identified above and incorporated herein by reference may enable EQ determinations for various combinations of exercise parameters including additional parameters and factors such as a competitor performing an interactive exercise session at a higher elevation than other competitors. Action 1320 may also evaluate Normalization adjustments that may address disparities between competitors for factors such as age, health, fitness and other disparities. Further, Action 1320 may optionally address capabilities differentials such as between a person struggling with mobility limitations and another without similar challenges, and may optionally apply handicap adjustments evaluated in accordance with users’ performance histories and recorded disparities. Action 1320 may also apply user agreed upon adjustments established voluntarily for competition or other reasons.

[1138] Relationships between various combinations of the velocity, incline and optionally belt resistance exercise parameters of a MG exercise session in combination with %BW for the exercise session are described in greater detail in the WO’252 publication. However, suffice it to say that modifying an effective bodyweight or gravitational force exerted on a user during a MG exercise session may and likely will substantially impact the metabolic output of a user for the exercise session. As such, even relatively minor or incremental modifications in the %BW of the user and their effective %BW may and likely will substantially impact a user’s metabolic output for an exercise session, as well as require more difficult settings (and potentially extreme settings combinations) for Velocity and Incline Parameters to be applied along with a modified %BW to maintain the same metabolic output.

[1139] As with most contests, competitors rely on fair conditions (substantially the same in most instances). For MG interactive sessions, each MG system may be configured to notify other competitors immediately if an MG system fails to maintain EQ parameters during an interactive competition except when caused by a penalty or benefit being applied. Otherwise, competitorsDocket No. 175798-#49-01PCT 03 NOV 2025 may be tempted to increase unweighting (reduce %BW) during gameplay or other competitions to gain unfair advantage. That said, aspects, preferences and features described herein are directed to incentivizing exercise and increasing user engagement, exercise duration and intensity, all of which naturally flow from making exercise more enjoyable - regardless of competition outcomes. Instucting or Applying Penalties & Rewards; Settings-Agnostic Gameplay

[1140] In some implementations, each MG exercise system may be ‘user-agnostic’ such that each MG system is unaware of an unweighting or %BW of others, as well as Velocity, Incline or other exercise parameters. Each controller may be adapted to establish a Base %BW for their respective user, as well as applicable Lower and Upper Limits in accordance with the user’s initial assessment, guidance or instruction from a clinician or coach, or similar reasons including user- applied limits.[H41] It is understood that MG exercise systems may conduct gameplay or other interactive exercise sessions between MG exercise systems on an agnostic basis without monitoring specific values or parameters of other competitors. As such, gameplay and related operations and interactions may be performed rapidly such that the competitors experience gameplay actions, reactivity and responsiveness substantially in real-time.[H42] Each MG system may be required to merely broadcast position and actions updates to other competitors rapidly without engaging in extensive analytics, overall gameplay tracking & monitoring, or related calculations and decision-making. Similar rapid positional and actions broadcast messaging is a well-known game system communication method and arrangement used in both peer-to-peer game arrangements and conventional game-server based arrangements.[H43] The universal rapid reporting of competitor actions and positional updates by controllers of the MG exercise systems enable quick detection of triggering actions of activities performed by other MG systems and competitors warranting an immediate response along with quickly providing the corresponding instruction including applying the respective reward or penalty to the appropriate competitor. This may be performed by the controller of a first MG exercise system upon detecting a triggering action performed by a second MG user / system, for instance, and immediately executing or instructing the first MG system to perform the corresponding responsive action.

[1144] These actions may be performed on an agnostic basis without the first MG system knowing the precise parameter values of the second MG exercise system. For instance, the first MG exercise system may instruct the controller of the second MG exercise system to apply a shortterm pressure increase or decrease such as on a scaled or percentage basis. The interactive gameplay systems may provide similar instructions for executing trigger responses for otherDocket No. 175798-#49-01PCT 03 NOV 2025 parameters, such as instructing modification of Velocity or Incline parameters by a relative or percentage or scaled amount for a default or predetermined period. The respective controller for an MG exercise system receiving modification instructions preferably maintains continual monitoring responsibilities for its respective MG system and corresponding user and, thus, may ensure any modifications or parameter adjustments applied to its instant MG system are within established limits.Initial User Assessment Baseline Evaluations and Periodic Updates[H45] Initial Rehabilitation and other exercise plans may begin with an initial assessment of each user’s capabilities and limitations, which may be used as a measure for assessing progress and as a guide for setting appropriate safety limitations or related guidance. Such an initial assessment or baseline evaluation may optionally be conducted along with each user performing their initial exercise session using a modified gravity (MG) exercise system 140. Usage guidelines and / or safety limits may identify appropriate ranges of exercise settings for each user along with an appropriate default unweighting settings or range of settings for the MG exercise system 140 and / or the user subject to clinical or medical limitations, and for other reasons including user preferences and goals.

[1146] Potential limitations or mitigating factors may include instructions or recommendations for the user to avoid certain types of exercise activities that may subject the user to an increased likelihood of experiencing pain or reinjuring impaired portions of the body if the user performs activities at settings beyond subjective limitations. Factors, options and other considerations for identifying default baseline settings or parameters for a user exercising on a particular MG exercise system, as well as for evaluating upper and lower limit guidelines with respect to default values and baseline settings is discussed above along with Figures IB and 2A.Handicaps[H47] In one example, the controller 102 is operable to apply a handicap for the user via various options for determining and applying a handicap to a user of the modified gravity exercise system 100, 200 for generally matching user performance with that of a real or virtual competitor. In contrast, a handicap as applied to many competitive sports contests, such as for sailing, horseracing or races in general, refers to an impediment or disadvantage imposed on a superior competitor as an attempt to equalize chances of success for each competitor. As applied to golf, a handicap refers to a number of strokes that a golfer normally exceeds a course rating, which may be an adjustment to the number of strokes the user takes for their handicap amount.

[1148] As used herein, the term handicap refers to adjustments for one or more settings of a user for performing exercise activities on the modified gravity exercise system and / or toDocket No. 175798-#49-01PCT 03 NOV 2025 adjustments for one or more factors affecting a performance of a competitor, such as adjusting a speed setting for the competitor or by modifying a speed represented for a virtual competitor. For applying adjustments to settings of the user, adjustments may be applied to settings for enabling comparable performance by the user with performance of the other entity including a real or virtual entity.

[1149] For example, the entity may include a virtual representation of a known athlete’s performance for an Olympic or other well-known competition, or as another example in comparison with a virtual representation of a previous performance of the user.

[1150] In some examples, the handicap can be adjusted during the course of the user’s exercise according to information gathered by the sensors 116 / 118 / 120 as described above. For instance, as in the example discussed above where the user is having trouble keeping up with the running surface 103, the amount of handicapping can be increased in real time or near real time.[H51] The handicap simulates a different performance level for the user. Various handicap types are contemplated. For instance, a handicap for a user with an injury could be used to simulate the user’s performance prior to the injury. In another example, the handicap can be applied to simulate a past or aspirational version of the user’s self, for example a user’s past college fitness testing results.[H52] In yet another example, the handicap can be applied to simulate the user at the performance level of a friend or famous athlete. In yet another example, the handicap can be applied to keep the user's exertion at a predefined level, such as at a predefined percent of maximum heart rate appropriate for the age. In yet another example, the handicap can be applied for example as a body weight assist that enables a user to simulate the user achieving a goal, such as running a six-minute mile. The handicaps can act as a form of encouragement for the user, improving the user’s experience and allowing the user to reap more benefits of the exercise, and give them a goal of reducing their handicap over time which shows their improvement.Blood Flow Restriction (BFR)

[1153] In one example the system 100 can be used in conjunction with blood flow restriction training. An example blood flow restriction training apparatus is described in U.S. Patent Application No. 17 / 964,851 (filed October 12, 2022) (now issued as U.S. PatentNo. 11,883, 713), which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.[H54] In general, and with reference to the figures and descriptions provided therein, at least one inflation pump and optionally at least one release valve may be connected to the controller 102 with a pneumatic hose and a connector used to connect to pneumatic bands worn by the user. The controller 102 is connected to a pressure sensor in communication with the pneumatic hoseDocket No. 175798-#49-01PCT 03 NOV 2025 for reading an inflation pressure of the BFR bands. The controller may turn on the pump to inflate the BFR bands and may use the optional release valve to release pressure from the BFR bands.

[1155] The controller may change the pressure during a workout or may prompt a user to stay stationary to more accurately change the pressure. Alternatively, because pressure changes may be desired en vivo while an activity is happening, a period of inflation time or valve opening time can be mapped to an approximate pressure change in BFR pressure to provide relative doses of increased or decreased BFR pressure into the pneumatic bands worn by the user. The pumps and valves may reside anywhere on the system, as for example in the console area and pneumatic hoses may be coupled to the pump in any manner known in the and stored near the user when not in use for easy connecting by the user to their pneumatic bands. The pneumatic bands may be external to the system or may be integrated into the shorts worn by the user for connecting to the MG system. Blood flow restriction (BFR) training increases the difficulty of exercise.

[1156] Therefore, applying BFR pressure while using the exercise device may be viewed as a penalty by applying more pressure (making exercise more difficult) or as a reward by reducing BFR pressure, making exercise easier. BFR pressure may be mapped to an avatar for example in a virtual world where the avatar may need to carry something, and this manifests as increased BFR pressure while the avatar is carrying the object (which is heavy and requires more effort). BFR may further be incorporated into the concept of a handicap where instead of reducing weight support further, the user has increased BFR pressure to make their work harder (reduce their handicap), and thus another dimension to handicapping may be added. In particular, this may be useful if 100% body weight represents “par” or 0 handicap, then some other level of difficulty must be added for users that are better than average and BFR pressure may serve that function.[H57] The example systems discussed above are operable to change the operating parameters, such as treadmill speed or incline or bodyweight or BFR pressure experienced by the user, in realtime or near real time based on information from the sensors 116 / 118 / 120. That is, the user’s actions or activity within the system can cause near realtime or real time changes in operation of the system or of an avatar in a virtual environment. To the user, the reaction of the machine to the user’s actions or activity is immediate. For instance, the user may jump in the system and observe his or her avatar immediately jump in virtual reality. This immediate reactivity (from the perspective of a user) increases user enjoyment of exercising and in turn increases user compliance with continuing exercise regimens and encourages the user to work harder during exercise sessions.

[1158] The realtime nature and required processing power in the computer reduces lag of the system and improves the user experience when playing a game. In a particular example, the lagDocket No. 175798-#49-01PCT 03 NOV 2025 time between an action / activity by the user and a response by the system 100 is less than about 2 seconds. Further, identifying trigger actions for rapid detection by MG system controller along with immediate responsive command actions to send on a scaled or relative basis allows for reducing response to match substantially the timing for reporting action and position updates to other MG system and competitors, which may be as low as every 200 ms, which is substantially immediate and appears to in actual real-time for the user. This promotes enjoyment and engagement during the user’s exercise session. Further, other connectivity and communications upgrades and improvements may be employed, such asthe use of upgraded WebSocket connections that are open and bi-directional and may substantially enhance gameplay responsiveness and interoperability. .Interconnected Network[H59] In one example, the example system 100 is one of two or more systems 100 interconnected in a network 1000, schematically shown in Figure 14. The network 1000 may include two or more systems lOOa / lOOb / lOOc. The systems lOOa / lOOb / lOOc may be connected physically through wires or wirelessly through a connection protocol such as Bluetooth or other means well known in the art. In the latter case the systems 100a / l 00b / 100c may be in the same or different rooms / buildings. The network 1000 may in some examples include a master controller 1002 operable to communicate with the controller 102 of each system lOOa / lOOb / lOOc. The master controller 1002 can be connected to the systems 100a / l 00b / 100c via wire or wirelessly.

[1160] As schematically depicted in Figure 15, through the network 1000, the controller 102 of each system 100a / l 00b / 100c is operable to send and receive commands to other systems 100a / 100b / 100c in the network 1000 directly or through the master controller 1002. Where the master controller 1002 is used, each controller 102 may send and receive commands to the master controller 1002, which then distributes the command to the controller 102 of the appropriate system lOOa / lOOb / lOOc.[H61] First, each system 100a / l 00b / 100c in the network 1000 sends a pair request to the other systems 100a / l 00b / 100c in the network directly or through the master controller 1002. The pair request may be displayed to the user at the user interface 114 and the user can approve or deny the pair request 114 via the user interface 114. If the user approves the pair request, the systems 100a / 100b / 100c are paired to one another. The pair enables the controller 102 of a system 100a / 100b / 100c to send and receive commands from other systems 100a / l 00b / 100c in the network directly or through the master controller 1002. The pair request may be done once and remembered by the master controller 1002 or the other systems in the network 1000 so that the user does not constantly need to re-pair their system 100a / l 00b / 100c to the network 1000 each time they use theDocket No. 175798-#49-01PCT 03 NOV 2025 device.

[1162] The ability to remember the pairing action may be selectable by the user of a specific system lOOa / lOOb / lOOc. While Figure 14 shows one network 1000, a given system 100a / 100b / 100c may be paired to other networks as well and may switch between networks without the need to re-pair to a given network 1000 if the user has chosen to remember pairing. A user, through their system 100a / l 00b / 100c, may also search for another user and send a pair request to another user to join their network via a system lOOa / lOOb / lOOc. The network 1000 may be open for any user / system to join, or may be closed and private.

[1163] Next, optionally, the controllers 102 sync in time with one another directly or through the master controller 1002 so that the users of each system 100a / l 00b / 100c can simultaneously begin their exercise sessions. For example the controllers 102 may cause to be displayed on the user interfaces 114 a countdown to the start of the simultaneous session. The controllers 114 may also sync the user interfaces 114 with one another such that the users all see the same things (such as a virtual reality world and their own avatars, as discussed above). Therefore a user may join into an active network 1000 at any time, if the network 1000 allows, and the user’s interface 114 may sync with other interfaces 114 in the network 1000 so that all systems 100a / l 00b / 100c operate on the same time within the network 1000.

[1164] As will be discussed in more detail below, during the exercise session, the controllers 102 send and receive commands from one another. Each command from another controller 102 is a request for the controller 102 to modify an aspect of the user’s exercise session such as increasing or decreasing the treadmill speed, the amount of unweighting, or any other aspect discussed above, which as further discussed above may include providing relative or scaled instructions, such that a controller for a competitor MG system may detect trigger actions and immediately provide corresponding responsive instructions without managing or assessing precise parameter values for another MG system.

[1165] The recipient controller 102 evaluates the request by comparing the requested modified aspect to the safety parameters for the user as discussed above. For instance, the safety parameters or default settings or parameters may dictate that the user’s treadmill speed not exceed a certain predefined value. The safety parameters may also implicate realtime biometric information about the user. For instance the safety parameter may dictate that the user’s heart rate is not exceed a certain predefined value. In the case a BFR pressure request is to be modified, the BFR pressure may be compared against a maximum allowed pressure for the user based on their age, height, weight, or limb circumference for example.

[1166] A change in incline may be limited based on a user’s health, for example recoveringDocket No. 175798-#49-01PCT 03 NOV 2025 from Achilles surgery, where incline is not allowed. If the modified aspect is within the user’s safety parameters, the controller 102 implements it automatically according to the systems and methods discussed above. If the modified aspect is not within the user’s safety parameters, the controller 102 automatically rejects the request. Alternatively the controller may modify the request by altering a different aspect. For example if the request was to increase the treadmill speed to increase difficulty, but the maximum speed has already been reached for that user, the controller may choose to modify the incline, unweighting, or BFR pressure instead to achieve a similar workload output. Such relationships are described in the referenced provisional applications.[H67] In another example, a controller 102 may not automatically implement requests from other controllers 102. In this example, if the request is within the safety parameters, the controller causes an option to accept or deny the request from another controller 102 to be displayed to the user via the user interface 114. The user can accept or deny the request via the user interface 114.

[1168] In addition, the controllers 102 can send user statistics to one another such that the users in the network 1000 can see one another’s biometric data (i.e., heartrate) and / or machine data (i.e. treadmill incline) via their user interfaces 114. Such data may also be sent to the master controller 1002 which may have an optional interface viewable by a third party non-system user, such as a remote training coach or group fitness class instructor as discussed further below.

[1169] In a particular example, two or more users, each using one of the systems 100a / 100b / 100c, can compete with one another via the network through the application of rewards and penalties as discussed above. The users can be competing in a race (i.e., for time) or in a game such as any of the games described above. In this example, a reward earned by a user according to any of the methods described above is the ability to apply a penalty to another user according to any of the methods described above.

[1170] In a more particular example, a user who has earned a reward by, for instance, maintaining a predefined heart rate for a default or predefined period of time, can “punish” another user by, for instance, increasing the second user’s treadmill speed for a certain period of time to make the second user work harder and become more tired without increasing the second user’ s avatar speed, thereby giving him or herself an advantage over the second user in the race or game. This ability to compete is fun and inspiring for users, encouraging them to exercise more often and push themselves harder.[H71] A second example could be the first user finding a secret item in the middle of a race that gives that user’s avatar twice the speed of that user for a given period of time, thereby gaining an advantage in the race. A third example may be a first user achieving a goal during a race such as successfully jumping over three obstacles and their reward may be to simultaneously apply aDocket No. 175798-#49-01PCT 03 NOV 2025 slowdown to all other users on the network participating in the race where the other user’s avatars move at one half their actual speed for a period of time. To that end, the penalty may be applied to a specific user or it may be applied across all other users on the network.

[1172] The nature of the penalty depends on the nature of the gameplay. For example for two users racing in a virtual reality forest, a penalty could be creating a virtual muddy patch for the second user in the virtual reality with the attendant real-life changes to the machine 102 parameters as discussed above. As another example, for two users playing a game in space, a penalty could be sending the second user to a high-gravity planet which is implemented by increasing the effective gravity in the enclosure 104 as discussed above.

[1173] The penalty to the second user may be applied automatically in some examples. In other examples, a controller 102 displays reward options for a user who has earned a reward, such as the option to collect the reward for him or herself or the option to punish another user. The user can make a selection via the user interface 114, which the controller 102 implements according to the systems and method discussed above. In addition, where there are more than two users, a user who has earned a reward may be presented with the option of which other user to apply the penalty to.

[1174] Though physical penalties are discussed above, it should be understood that virtual penalties are contemplated as well. For instance a user can punish a fellow user by removing some of their points, virtual trophies, or power-ups in addition to or instead of a physical penalty. Penalties, whether physical or virtual may be pre-determined and known by the user obtaining the reward or penalty, or the penal ty / reward may simply be achieved but the actual details of the penalty or reward may be later determined, such as with a random selection from a group of penalties or rewards. This unknown aspect of variable reward may keep the users more engaged since they won’t know if reaching a goal will lead to a really good reward or not, where in the case if they knew the reward was going to be mediocre, they may not be inspired to try as hard.[H75] In another example, the network 1000 includes a fitness instructor and students. The fitness instructor may lead a fitness class through the network. The fitness instructor’s system 100a receives students’ information from students’ systems lOOb / lOOc, such as the students’ safety parameters as well as realtime data such as heart rate, at its user interface 114. The fitness instructor’ s user interface 114 may display a unique graphical user interface different from that of the students’ user interfaces 114 enabling the fitness instructor to effectively monitor the students during the class and manipulate their exercise sessions as will be discussed below. The students’ systems may or may not share information with one another in this example. Likewise the students’ systems may or may not be operable to apply penalties or rewards to one another in this example.Docket No. 175798-#49-01PCT 03 NOV 2025[H76] The fitness instructor can apply penalties and rewards to students according to their performance as described above for competing users. In this example, the fitness instructor can manually determine when a reward or penalty is warranted, or can be notified by a prompt from a controller 102 of a student’s system lOOa / lOOb, which is in communication with the controller 102 of the fitness instructor’s system 100a. For instance, a controller 102 of a student’s system 100a can send a notification to the fitness instructor when the student has maintained a predefined heart rate for a predefined period of time. The notification is displayed on the fitness instructor’s user interface 114, and the fitness instructor can be given the option to apply a reward via the user interface 114. In a more particular example the fitness instructor can be presented with multiple options for rewards (i.e., reducing treadmill speed or a virtual reward such as a virtual high-five or trophy or perhaps discount on a future session) and may select one via the user interface 114.

[1177] In another example, the fitness instructor can manipulate students’ systems lOOb / lOOc without offering a penalty or reward. For instance, the fitness instructor may monitor a student’s heart rate via his or her user interface 114 and make adjustments to keep the student’s heartrate in a desired zone using the methods and systems described above.

[1178] In another example the instructor can virtually group several students and apply rewards, penalties, and / or manipulations on a group basis rather than an individual student basis via his or her graphical user interface. For instance the fitness instructor may group students of similar fitness levels. This may promote team building, camaraderie, and peer pressure to perform which may translate into better results for the users in the group. Alternatively, the fitness instructor may give the entire class a goal such as total speed (miles per hour) run collectively by the class, and upon achieving that goal, maybe give the entire class a reward such as a 2 min walking break. This may foster teamwork and passion within the group and motivate all users to work harder and encourage their classmates.

[1179] In another example, the fitness instructor can apply handicaps to students to level the playing field. As discussed above, handicaps may be in the form of varying amounts of body weight support. Additionally a handicap may be applying a factor to speed where one person’s avatar may go 10% faster than another person’s avatar so that even though one user is running 10% slower in real life, their avatars are moving at the same speed. Similarly the amount incline an avatar is running may differ from what their user is actually doing by a certain handicap amount. Handicaps may be determined by assessment tests and may change over time. For example a user may run a particular race that has a determined “par” value for time taken. If the user’s score is 10% worse than the “par” time, the user may be given a 10% handicap, so that their speed and incline are amplified by 10% and they get 10% additional body weight support. They may get oneDocket No. 175798-#49-01PCT 03 NOV 2025 or all three of those handicap benefits according to the specific handicapping rules. In a fitness class this can be beneficial as all users have the same goal, time, and want to compete against each other, yet their abilities may vary widely and this may make it interesting and possible for a 70 year old to compete head to head for example with a 30 year old.

[1180] It should be understood that various aspects of the multi-user competition example discussed above and the fitness class example described above can be implemented together. For example, several users can compete under the supervision of a fitness instructor.

[1181] Accordingly, aspects, preferences and features described herein provide a synergistic integration of (i) modified-gravity treadmill hardware, (ii) equivalence and / or fairness-adjusted performance normalization, (iii) DAP-specific game control mappings, and (iv) secure multiplayer synchronization among other beneficial features described herein.

[1182] Having fully described at least one embodiment of the present invention, other equivalent or alternative designs according to the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art. While the forms of the invention herein disclosed constitute presently preferred embodiments, many others are possible. It is not intended herein to mention all the possible equivalent forms or ramifications of the invention. It is understood that the terms used herein are merely descriptive, rather than limiting, and that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.

[1183] The subject matter described above is provided by way of illustration only and should not be construed as limiting. Various modifications and changes can be made to the subject matter described herein without following the example arrangements, embodiments and applications illustrated and described, and without departing from the true spirit and scope of the embodiments, arrangements, or of the concepts and technologies disclosed herein.

[1184] Although various arrangements and embodiments have been described as having particular features and / or combinations of components, other embodiments and arrangements are possible having a combination of any features and / or components from any of embodiments or arrangements as discussed above. Aspects have been described in the general context of exercise devices, and more specifically supplemental lifting, unweighting or differential air pressures mechanisms, devices, systems, and methods for exercise devices, but inventive aspects are not necessarily limited to use with exercise devices.

Claims

Docket No. 175798-#49-01PCT 03 NOV 2025WE CLAIM:

1. A method of operating a modifiable gravity (MG) exercise system for an interactive exercise session of a user with a session participant, the method comprising: controlling a modifiable gravity (MG) exercise system, by a control computer, to perform an interactive exercise session for the user comprising: conducting, by the MG exercise system, exercise operations of the interactive exercise session for the user; and providing, by the MG exercise system, a first gravity environment wherein the user has the first effective body weight (BW) in the first gravity environment while on the MG exercise system during the interactive exercise session; and automatically modifying, by the control computer, responsive to actions of one of the user and the session participant for the interactive exercise session, the gravity environment for the user from providing the first effective BW for the user in the first gravity environment to providing a second effective BW for the user in a second gravity environment.

2. The method of claim 1, the action of automatically modifying further comprising one of: providing a reward to the user responsive to the user achieving an objective of the interactive exercise session; applying a penalty to the user responsive to the user failing to meet an objective of the interactive exercise session; and applying a penalty to the user responsive to the session participant achieving the objective.

3. The method of claim 2, for the action of automatically modifying: the providing the reward further comprises one of: unlocking for the user additional functionality of the MG exercise system for the interactive exercise session; providing for the user supplemental functionality of the MG exercise system; making the exercise session easier for the user; or proportionally advancing a virtual progress of the user at a greater rate than an actual progress rate of the user; and the applying the penalty further comprises one of:Docket No. 175798-#49-01PCT 03 NOV 2025 limiting additional functionality of the MG exercise system for the user; removing supplemental functionality on the MG exercise system for the user; or proportionally reducing a virtual progress of the user at a greater rate than an actual progress rate of the user.

4. The method of claim 2, the action of providing the reward comprises providing the reward for a reward duration defining an effective period for the reward, and the action of applying the penalty comprises applying the penalty for a penalty duration defining an effective period for the penalty; wherein upon expiration of the effective period for one of the reward or the penalty, the control computer is adapted to withdraw the one of the reward or the penalty for the user.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein one of: the interactive exercise session comprises a first interactive session, the first interactive session comprises a single interactive exercise session for the user, and the period comprises either a portion of the first interactive exercise session or the full interactive session; or the interactive exercise session comprises a plurality of exercise sessions for the user comprising at least a first interactive exercise session and a second interactive exercise session, the period comprises the portion of the first interactive exercise session and a portion of at least a second interactive exercise session for the user; wherein the effective period persists for one of only the single interactive exercise session for the user, a portion of the single interactive exercise session, or extends over a plurality of interactive exercise sessions comprising at least a portion of the first interactive exercise session and at least a portion of the second interactive exercise session.

6. The method of claim 4, wherein: the MG exercise system comprises a translatable ambulation surface; the control computer is operable to control one of a translation speed and an incline of the ambulation surface for the user during the interactive exercise session; the action of providing the reward further comprises enabling one of increasing an existing upper limit for a translation speed of the ambulation surface for the user andDocket No. 175798-#49-01PCT 03 NOV 2025 decreasing an existing lower limit for an incline of the ambulation surface for the user; and the action of applying the penalty further comprises applying one of a reduction of the speed of the ambulation surface for the user and increasing an incline of the ambulation surface for the user.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the MG exercise system comprises at least one of: an upper body differential air pressure exercise system; a lower body differential air pressure exercise system; a harness unweighting exercise system; and a plurality of elastic support straps unweighting exercise system; the action of automatically modifying further comprising one of: increasing the gravity environment for the user from providing the first effective BW at the first gravity environment to providing a lower second effective BW at the increased second gravity environment for the user, comprising one of: increasing a downward force applied to an upper body of the user; and decreasing an upward offsetting force applied to a lower body of the user; and decreasing the gravity environment for the user from providing the first effective BW at the first gravity environment to providing a higher second effective BW at the decreased second gravity environment for the user, comprising one of: decreasing a downward force applied to an upper body of the user; and increasing an upward offsetting force applied to a lower body of the user.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein: a control computer of the MG exercise system is adapted to control exercise operations of the MG exercise system for the interactive exercise session and a gravity environment of the MG exercise system for the interactive exercise session; the user comprises a first user and another user comprises a second user; the second user comprises a simulated user; and the control computer further comprising: an actual host computer of the MG exercise system, wherein a first portion of resources of the actual host computer operate as a first control computer for a first MG exercise system comprising the actual MG exercise system; and a second portion of the resources of the actual host computer is adapted to operate as a virtual machine simulating a second control computer controlling aDocket No. 175798-#49-01PCT 03 NOV 2025 second virtual MG exercise system for the interactive exercise session, wherein an electronic connection is simulated between the first control computer and the second control computer for the interactive exercise session; wherein: the virtual machine is adapted to simulate actions of the virtual second user on the second MG system for the interactive exercise session; and for the automatically modifying, by the control computer, the first gravity environment responsive to interactions of the interactive exercise session, the interactions comprise one of: actions by the actual first user for the interactive exercise session; and actions by the virtual second user for the interactive exercise session; such that the automatically modifying the first gravity environment is performed responsive to interactions by one of the actual first user and the virtual second user in the interactive exercise session.

9. A method of operating a modifiable gravity (MG) exercise system for an interactive exercise session of a user, wherein the MG exercise system comprises: an ambulation surface; a wearable interface adapted to couple the user securely to the amnulation surface; an adjustable resilient support connected to the stride surface at a first end portion thereof and extending over the stride surface to a second end portion thereof, the second end portion adapted to connect securely to the user via the wearable interface; and a control computer configured to control operations of the MG exercise system for the interactive exercise session comprising performing exercise operations and adjusting the resilient support to exert a net vertical force on the user for a first gravity environment; wherein the user has a first effective BW in the first gravity environment for the interactive exercise session; the method comprising: controlling, by the control computer, the MG exercise system to perform the interactive exercise session comprising: conducting, by the MG exercise system, exercise operations of the interactive exercise session for the user; providing, by the MG exercise system, the first gravity environment wherein the user hasDocket No. 175798-#49-01PCT 03 NOV 2025 the first effective BW in the first gravity environment with respect to the stride surface within a default range; and automatically modifying, by the control computer, the gravity environment responsive to interactions of the interactive exercise session, comprising modifying the first gravity environment providing the first effective BW to a second gravity environment providing a second effective BW for the user within the default range.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein: the MG exercise system comprises a first MG exercise system; the interactive exercise session comprises a first interactive exercise session; the user comprises a first user; the control computer comprises a first control computer; the first control computer is in electronic communication with a network comprising a second MG exercise system and a game server; and the first control computer is operable to receive control commands from one of a second control computer for the second MG system or the game server, the control commands comprising instructions for the first control computer to perform the method of claim 1.

11. The method of claim 10, the network further comprising: a third MG exercise system having a third control computer in electronic communication with the game server, the first control computer, and the second control computer; and a fourth MG exercise system having a fourth control computer in electronic communication with the game server, the first control computer, the second control computer, and the fourth control computer; wherein: the network comprises a plurality of network-connected computers in an arrangement configured to support an interactive session between a plurality of network- connected computers, the network arrangement comprising one of: a P2P arrangement wherein each respective control computer is connected to each other, and each control computer functions as the game server and a respective client for the interactive exercise session the plurality of peer-connected control computers; and a multi-user interactive system arrangement wherein each respective controlDocket No. 175798-#49-01PCT 03 NOV 2025 computer is connected to the game server and each of the plurality control computers via the network; the method further comprising: conducting, by the respective game server and each respective control computer, the interactive exercise session as one of: a multiplayer interactive exercise session having a game serve connected to each respective control computer through the network; or a P2P interactive exercise session having a plurality of control computers each electronically connected to each other; and each respective control computer performing the method of claim 1 for the interactive exercise session; wherein each respective competitor interacts with the plurality of competitors for the MG interactive exercise session.

12. The method of claim 11, further comprising: determining, by the first control computer: a default effective BW for the first user for performing recreation actions for the interactive exercise session; and one of: an upper effective BW limit greater than the default effective BW for the first user; and an upper differential limit for limiting a differential increase to the user’s base effective BW; wherein: the one of the game server or a respective control computer of the plurality of other MG systems is configured to instruct the MG system to modify the user’s first gravity environment providing the first effective BW for the user to a second gravity environment providing a second effective BW for the user within the predetermined range of differential limits for the user; and the instruction for modifying the gravity environment is automatically and quickly provided to the MG system responsive to user actions for the MG interactive exercise session without the game server or respective control computer knowing the user’s current effective BW or calculating the modification.Docket No. 175798-#49-01PCT 03 NOV 202513. The method of claim 12, further comprising: identifying at least a first team and a second team for the interactive exercise session, by one of the game server and each respective control computer based on one of participant preferences or team assignments; wherein the first team consists of at least a first participant selected from the competitor group, and the second team consists of at least a second competitor selected from remaining participants of the competitor group; performing, by each respective control computer for a respective participant the interactive exercise session according to the method of claim 1; wherein, for the performing the method of claim 1, the automatically modifying the the first gravity environment of the respective user responsive to user actions for the interactive exercise session, the user actions comprise one of: actions performed by the respective user for the interactive exercise session; actions performed by another participant on the same team as the respective user, and actions performed by another participant not on the team for the respective user.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein: the game server comprises a server for an instructor of an interactive workout class; the instructor comprises the first team; and the first, the second, the third, and the fourth MG systems along with each respective user comprise students for the workout class, and at least a second team; ; the method further comprising: conducting, by the server for the instructor and each of the first, second, third, and fourth control computers, the interactive exercise session as a multiplayer interactive workout session having a plurality of competitors; performing, by each respective control computer for a respective participant, the interactive workout session for the respective participant and MG exercise system comprising each participant and MG exercise system performing the method of claim 1 for the respective MG exercise system and participant; wherein:Docket No. 175798-#49-01PCT 03 NOV 2025 for the performing the method of claim 1, the automatically modifying the gravity environment for the respective user responsive to user actions for the interactive exercise session further comprises: actions performed by one of the teams; individual actions performed by the respective user for the interactive exercise session; actions performed by another participant for the workout session; actions performed substantially collectively by the student participants for the workout session; actions the student participants fail to perform for the workout session; and actions performed by the instructor.

15. The method of claim 9, wherein the conducting the exercise operations further comprises: determining, by the control computer, parameters for exercise operations of the interactive exercise session comprising determining at least an effective bodyweight (BW) for the user, an ambulation speed, and a stride surface incline; and performing, by the MG exercise system, the exercise operations at the parameters determined; the method further comprising: evaluating, by the control computer, selective adjustments to the determined exercise parameters for the exercise operations based on a set of adjustment factors selected from a plurality of adjustment factors sets, the sets comprising:Equivalence (EQ) factors;Performance Leveling factors;Normalization factors;Handicaps factors;Team Performance factors;Comparative Assessment factors comprising Self-Assessment factors;Aspirational Performance factors; andUser-selected factors; and adjusting, by the control computer, the parameters for the exercise settings based on the evaluating selective adjustments.

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