Photovoltaic tile and photovoltaic module

Abstract

Disclosed in the present application are a photovoltaic tile and a photovoltaic module. The photovoltaic tile comprises a composite panel, a back sheet and cells, wherein the composite panel comprises a fluorine-containing adhesive film, a cut-off layer and a substrate, which are stacked in sequence, the fluorine-containing adhesive film and the substrate both being light-transmissive, and the cut-off layer being configured to block light in a waveband of 10 mm to 400 mm and transmit visible light; the back sheet is a metal sheet; and the cells are located between the substrate and the back sheet. By respectively arranging the composite panel and the back sheet on the front and back sides of the cells, arranging the fluorine-containing adhesive film on the outermost layer of the composite panel, and blocking ultraviolet light by means of the cut-off layer, the substrate is prevented from being exposed to ultraviolet radiation to a certain extent, the weather resistance of the composite panel is improved, and the embrittlement and discoloration of the composite panel are slowed down.

Description

Photovoltaic tiles and photovoltaic modules

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese patent application filed on November 13, 2024, with application number 202422782631.5 and entitled "Photovoltaic Tile and Photovoltaic Module", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This application relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, and more specifically, to a photovoltaic tile and a photovoltaic module. Background Technology

[0003] Solar photovoltaic (PV) tiles are devices that convert solar energy into electrical energy. The solar cells within the tiles absorb sunlight and convert this light energy into electricity. PV tiles are typically installed outdoors, with the light-receiving surfaces of the cells protected by translucent panels, such as glass, to allow light to pass through without obstructing the cells. To reduce the overall weight of PV tiles, the panels in these technologies are often made of plastic. However, the surface of plastic panels is prone to aging, embrittlement, and discoloration under environmental factors such as sunlight, humidity, heat, wind, rain, lightning, dust, and gravel.

[0004] Application content

[0005] This application provides a photovoltaic tile and a photovoltaic module.

[0006] The photovoltaic tile of this application includes a composite panel, a back sheet, and solar cells. The composite panel includes a fluorinated film, a cut-off layer, and a substrate stacked sequentially. Both the fluorinated film and the substrate are transparent. The cut-off layer is configured to block light in the 10mm to 400mm wavelength band and transmit visible light. The back sheet is a metal plate. The solar cells are located between the substrate and the back sheet.

[0007] The photovoltaic tile of this application is provided with a composite panel and a back sheet respectively on the front and back of the solar cell. A fluorinated film is provided on the outermost layer of the composite panel, and a cut-off layer blocks light in the 10mm to 400mm wavelength band, thereby avoiding the substrate from being exposed to ultraviolet radiation to a certain extent, improving the weather resistance of the composite panel, and slowing down the embrittlement and discoloration of the composite panel.

[0008] Additional aspects and advantages of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0009] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this application will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, wherein:

[0010] Figure 1 is a perspective view of the photovoltaic tile according to an embodiment of this application;

[0011] Figure 2 is an exploded structural diagram of the photovoltaic tile according to an embodiment of this application;

[0012] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the photovoltaic tile according to an embodiment of this application;

[0013] Figure 4 is a partial structural schematic diagram of the photovoltaic tile according to an embodiment of this application;

[0014] Figure 5 is a side view of the photovoltaic tile according to an embodiment of this application.

[0015] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 100-Photovoltaic tile; 10-Solar cell; 11-Layered area; 12-First surface; 13-Second surface; 20-Spindle; 21-First welding section; 22-Second welding section; 30-Composite panel; 31-Fluoropolymer film; 32-Stop layer; 33-Substrate; 40-Backsheet; 51-First adhesive film layer; 52-Second adhesive film layer; D1-First direction; D2-Second direction. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application.

[0017] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature being directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature being directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0018] The following disclosure provides many different embodiments or examples for implementing different structures of this application. To simplify the disclosure, specific examples and settings are described below. Of course, these are merely examples and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. Furthermore, reference numerals and / or letters may be repeated in different examples; such repetition is for simplification and clarity and does not in itself indicate a relationship between the various embodiments and / or settings discussed. In addition, various specific examples of processes and materials are provided in this application, but those skilled in the art will recognize the application of other processes and / or the use of other materials.

[0019] In photovoltaic (PV) tiles, composite panels and backsheets cover both sides of the solar cells to protect them. The composite panels and backsheets are made of plastic, which significantly reduces the weight of the module compared to metal or glass panels. However, PV tiles are typically used in outdoor environments with abundant sunlight. Factors such as ultraviolet radiation, rain erosion, and high temperatures after exposure to sunlight accelerate the embrittlement, discoloration, and thermal deformation of the plastic panels. Therefore, simply replacing metal or glass panels with plastic panels can easily affect the lifespan of the PV tiles.

[0020] Please refer to Figures 1-3. The photovoltaic tile 100 of this application embodiment includes a composite panel 30, a back sheet 40, and a solar cell 10. The composite panel 30 includes a fluorinated film 31, a cutoff layer 32, and a substrate 33 stacked sequentially. Both the fluorinated film 31 and the substrate 33 are transparent. The cutoff layer 32 is configured to block light in the 10mm to 400mm wavelength band and transmit visible light. The back sheet 40 is a metal plate. The solar cell 10 is located between the substrate 33 and the back sheet 40.

[0021] The photovoltaic tile 100 of this application embodiment is provided on the front and back sides of the battery cell 10 by a composite panel 30 and a back sheet 40 respectively. The composite panel 30 is provided with a fluorinated film 31 on the outermost layer and a cutoff layer 32 blocks light in the 10mm to 400mm wavelength band, thereby avoiding the substrate 33 from being exposed to ultraviolet radiation to a certain extent, improving the weather resistance of the composite panel 30, and slowing down the embrittlement and discoloration of the composite panel 30.

[0022] Specifically, photovoltaic tiles 100 can be applied to building surfaces or outdoor flat ground. For example, photovoltaic tiles 100 can be laid on roofs, walls, or public facilities such as streetlights. In addition, photovoltaic tiles 100 can also be laid over a large area to construct photovoltaic power generation bases.

[0023] The photovoltaic tile 100 is generally flat, and the solar cell 10, after being pressed, is also generally flat. The solar cell 10 is used to convert light energy into electrical energy. The solar cell 10 can be a crystalline silicon solar cell manufactured using technologies such as Perc (Passivated Emitter Rear Cell), Topcon (Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact), or HJT (Heterojunction with Intrinsic Thin-film), or it can be a perovskite solar cell.

[0024] Both the composite panel 30 and the back panel 40 can be flat thin-plate structures. The back panel 40 can be made of aluminum, which is lightweight and has high reliability.

[0025] Optionally, the substrate 33 is made of an engineering plastic with good light transmittance, for example, the substrate 33 is mainly made of PET (Polyethylene glycol terephthalate).

[0026] The cutoff layer 32 can be bonded, attached, or deposited on the substrate 33, and the fluorinated adhesive film 31 can be applied to the side of the cutoff layer 32 facing away from the substrate 33. The cutoff layer 32 can reflect or absorb light in the 10mm to 400mm wavelength band, i.e., ultraviolet light. Furthermore, the cutoff layer 32 mainly blocks light in the 10mm to 400mm wavelength band.

[0027] The cutoff layer 32 can be a film made of POE (Polyolefin Elastomer) as the main material. The cutoff layer 32 bonds the fluorinated film 31 and the substrate 33, effectively blocking ultraviolet light and bonding firmly. At the same time, the POE film has good waterproof performance, which can prevent the substrate 33, especially the PET board, from hydrolysis to a certain extent.

[0028] The fluorinated adhesive film 31 is made of fluoroplastics and has good resistance to ultraviolet radiation and wind and sand abrasion, thus protecting the stop layer 32. The superposition of the stop layer 32 and the fluorinated adhesive film 31 can inhibit the damage and aging of the substrate 33 in multiple ways, thereby improving the service life of the composite panel 30.

[0029] Specifically, the cutoff layer 32 is a high cutoff POE film. The cutoff layer 32 can bond the cutoff layer 32 to the substrate 33. At the same time, the fluorinated film 31 can block ultraviolet light from entering the substrate 33 to the greatest extent when it comes into contact with the cutoff layer 32.

[0030] Referring to Figures 1 and 3, in some embodiments, the solar cell 10 is located within the projection range of the backplate 40 along the thickness direction of the photovoltaic tile on the plane where the solar cell 10 is located. Thus, by placing the solar cell 10 within the projection range of the backplate 40, the backplate 40 covers the reverse side of the solar cell 10, thereby effectively protecting the solar cell 10 and providing high mechanical strength, which is beneficial for structural stability.

[0031] Specifically, the edge of the backplate 40 may be aligned with the edge of the battery cell 10 along the thickness direction of the battery cell 10, or may partially extend beyond the edge of the battery cell 10 in the width direction or the length direction of the battery cell 10.

[0032] Referring to Figures 1 and 3, in some embodiments, the solar cell 10 is located within the projection range of the substrate 33 along the thickness direction of the photovoltaic tile on the plane where the solar cell 10 is located, and the fluorinated film 31 completely covers the surface of the substrate 33 facing away from the solar cell 10. In this way, the fluorinated film 31 can adequately protect the substrate 33 and the solar cell 10, reduce ultraviolet radiation incident on the substrate 33, reduce surface wear and scratches, and provide good insulation protection, thereby improving the service life of the photovoltaic tile 100 in many ways.

[0033] Specifically, the edge of the composite panel 30 may partially extend beyond the edge of the battery cell 10 in the width direction or the length direction of the battery cell 10, or it may be aligned with the edge of the battery cell 10 in the thickness direction. The edge of the fluorinated adhesive film 31 may be flush with the edge of the substrate 33 in the thickness direction of the substrate 33, or it may partially extend beyond the edge of the substrate 33 in the width direction or the length direction of the substrate 33, so as to achieve complete coverage of the surface of the composite panel 30 that comes into contact with the external environment.

[0034] In some embodiments, the fluorinated film 31 is at least one of ETFE film, PVDF film and PVF film, and the thickness of the fluorinated film 31 ranges from 20 μm to 40 μm (including the endpoints).

[0035] Thus, by covering the side of the substrate 33 away from the battery cell 10 with the fluorinated film 31, the weather resistance of the composite panel 30 is improved, thereby helping to increase the service life of the composite panel 30.

[0036] Specifically, the fluorinated film 31 is made primarily of at least one of ETFE (ethylene-tetrafluoro-ethylene copolymer), PVDF (polyvinylidene difluoride), and PVF (polyvinyl fluoride homopolymer) along with other additives. The fluorinated film 31 exhibits excellent performance in terms of aging resistance, chemical resistance, weather resistance, UV radiation resistance, and wind and sand abrasion resistance, and also possesses good insulation and light transmittance.

[0037] Optionally, the fluorinated film 31 is a thin film of uniform thickness and is located on the outermost side of the light-receiving surface of the photovoltaic tile 100. The thickness of the fluorinated film 31 can be 20μm, 25μm, 36μm, or 40μm.

[0038] Referring to Figures 2 and 3, in some embodiments, the photovoltaic tile 100 includes a first adhesive film layer 51 located between the substrate 33 and the solar cell 10. The first adhesive film layer 51 is a transparent plastic film. Thus, the first adhesive film layer 51 is a transparent plastic film, thereby improving light transmittance while stably bonding the substrate 33 and the solar cell 10, which in turn helps to increase the power generation of the photovoltaic tile 100.

[0039] Specifically, the first film layer 51 can be a high-transparency POE film. POE (Polyolefin Elastomer) is a new type of thermoplastic plastic formed by in-situ polymerization of ethylene and octene, and is lower than EVA film and PVB film in terms of water vapor permeability.

[0040] In some embodiments, the cutoff layer 32 is a high-cutoff POE film or a high-transmittance POE film, and the substrate 33 is a PET board, thereby effectively blocking water vapor on both sides of the substrate 33 and avoiding or slowing down the hydrolysis of the substrate 33.

[0041] Please refer to Figures 2 and 3. In some embodiments, the photovoltaic tile 100 includes a second adhesive layer 52, which is located between the solar cell 10 and the backsheet 40.

[0042] Specifically, the second adhesive film layer 52 can be made of thermoplastic plastics such as POE, EVA (Polyethylene vinyl lacetate) or PVB (Polyvinyl butyral).

[0043] Referring to Figure 3, in some embodiments, the photovoltaic tile 100 includes a first adhesive layer 51 and a second adhesive layer 52. The first adhesive layer 51 is located between the substrate 33 and the solar cell 10, and the second adhesive layer 52 is located between the solar cell 10 and the backsheet 40. Along the thickness direction of the composite panel 30, the projections of the first adhesive layer 51 and the second adhesive layer 52 onto the solar cell 10 coincide with the outer contour of the solar cell 10. Thus, the first adhesive layer 51 and the second adhesive layer 52 fully cover the surface of the solar cell 10, ensuring bonding stability.

[0044] Specifically, the outline shape and size of the first adhesive layer 51 and the second adhesive layer 52 are consistent with the outer outline and corresponding size of the battery cell 10. The outer outline of the battery cell 10 can be square, triangular, polygonal, circular, semi-circular, elliptical or other irregular shapes, and this application does not limit it.

[0045] In some embodiments, the fluorinated adhesive film 31, the stop layer 32, the substrate 33, the first adhesive film layer 51, the solar cell 10, the second adhesive film layer 52, and the backplate 40 can be sequentially stacked and pressed together to form a photovoltaic tile 100 as a whole. The composite panel 30 and the backplate 40 are both matched to the shape and size of the solar cell 10. For example, the solar cell 10 has a square flat plate structure, and the substrate 33 and the backplate 40 are square flat plates matching the size of the solar cell 10.

[0046] Please refer to Figures 4 and 5. In some embodiments, the photovoltaic tile 100 includes a plurality of solar cells 10 and a welding ribbon 20. The plurality of solar cells 10 are arranged along at least one direction, and two adjacent solar cells 10 along the first direction are partially stacked.

[0047] The welding strip 20 connects two adjacent battery cells 10 along a first direction. The welding strip 20 includes a plurality of first welding segments 21 and at least one second welding segment 22. The first welding segment 21 is connected to a corresponding battery cell 10. The second welding segment 22 connects two adjacent first welding segments 21 along the first direction. The second welding segment 22 is located between two adjacent battery cells 10 and spans the stacked area 11 of the two adjacent battery cells 10. The second welding segment 22 is flat.

[0048] In this way, the welding strip 20 can realize the electrical connection of multiple battery cells 10. The second welding segment 22 is located between two adjacent battery cells 10 and spans the stacked area 11 of the two adjacent battery cells 10. The second welding segment 22 is flat, which increases the contact area between the second welding segment 22 and the battery cell 10, reduces the pressure on the battery cell 10, and thus reduces defects such as cracks in the battery cell 10.

[0049] Multiple solar cells 10 can be arranged in a flat, laid-out manner. Adjacent solar cells 10 are partially stacked, meaning that adjacent solar cells 10 have overlapping areas in the thickness direction. The number of solar cells 10 can be set according to specific needs, such as 2, 3, 10, 50, etc.

[0050] The solder ribbon 20 is used to electrically connect multiple solar cells 10. The solder ribbon 20 can be made of conductive materials such as silver, tin, or alloys to improve its conductivity. The first welding segment 21 of the solder ribbon 20 can be welded to the solar cell 10. The number of second welding segments 22 is one less than the number of first welding segments 21. For example, when there are two first welding segments 21, there is one second welding segment 22. The first welding segment 21 and the second welding segment 22 can be an integral structure.

[0051] The stacked region 11 of two adjacent battery cells 10 refers to the region where two adjacent battery cells 10 have overlapping areas. The second welding segment 22 spans the stacked region 11, meaning that the ends of the second welding segment 22 along the first direction D1 extend beyond the stacked region 11. The second welding segment 22 is flat, meaning that the width of the second welding segment 22 is greater than the height of the second welding segment 22.

[0052] It should be noted that the surface with the largest area of ​​the second welding section 22 faces the battery cell 10 or is in contact with the battery cell 10.

[0053] Referring to Figure 5, in some embodiments, the battery cell 10 includes a first surface 12 and a second surface 13 facing away from each other. In two adjacent battery cells 10, the first surface 12 of one battery cell 10 is provided with a first welding section 21, and the second surface 13 of the other battery cell 10 is provided with a first welding section 21.

[0054] Thus, when two adjacent battery cells 10 are partially stacked, a stepped structure will appear between the two battery cells 10. Therefore, the solder ribbon 20 is connected to the battery cell 10 by interlacing vertically, so that the solder ribbon 20 is kept at the same height. This can improve the stability of the connection between the solder ribbon 20 and the battery cell 10, and the connection process of the solder ribbon 20 is easy to implement.

[0055] As shown in Figure 5, the first surface 12 of the left battery cell 10 is provided with a first welding section 21, and the second surface 13 of the right battery cell 10 is provided with a second welding section 22.

[0056] Referring to Figure 4, in some embodiments, two adjacent solar cells 10 are connected by multiple solder ribbons 20 along the first direction D1. These solder ribbons 20 are spaced apart along the second direction D2, which intersects the first direction D1. Thus, the multiple solder ribbons 20 can improve the overcurrent capacity of the electrical connection between the two solar cells 10, and even if one solder ribbon 20 breaks, the other solder ribbons 20 can still electrically connect the two solar cells 10, improving the reliability of the photovoltaic tile 100. In this embodiment, the first direction D1 and the second direction D2 are arranged perpendicularly.

[0057] In some embodiments, the first weld segment 21 has a circular cross-section. This makes the first weld segment 21 easier to form and can reduce the manufacturing cost of the photovoltaic tile 100. Specifically, a single circular strip can be used, and a portion of the circular strip can be flattened, so that the flattened portion forms the second weld segment 22, and the unflattened portion forms the first weld segment 21.

[0058] The photovoltaic module (not shown) according to the embodiments of this application includes a plurality of photovoltaic tiles 100, which are electrically connected. Thus, the electrical connection of the plurality of photovoltaic tiles 100 can increase the power generation capacity of the photovoltaic module.

[0059] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the stated features. In the description of the embodiments of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0060] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with the described embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0061] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting this application. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of this application.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic tile, characterized in that, The photovoltaic tiles include: A composite panel comprising a fluorinated adhesive film, a stop layer and a substrate stacked sequentially, wherein the fluorinated adhesive film and the substrate are both transparent, and the stop layer is configured to block light in the 10mm to 400mm wavelength band while allowing visible light to pass through. Backplate, wherein the backplate is a metal plate; and, A battery cell, the battery cell being located between the substrate and the backplate.

2. Photovoltaic tile according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cutoff layer is bonded, attached, or deposited on the substrate, and the fluorinated adhesive film is applied to the side of the cutoff layer facing away from the substrate.

3. The photovoltaic tile of claim 1, wherein, Along the thickness direction of the photovoltaic tile, the backsheet forms a projection range in the plane where the solar cell is located, and the solar cell is located within the projection range.

4. Photovoltaic tile according to claim 3, characterized in that, Along the thickness direction of the battery cell, the edge of the back plate is aligned with the edge of the battery cell.

5. The photovoltaic tile of claim 3, wherein, The edge of the backplate extends partially beyond the edge of the battery cell in the length direction and / or width direction of the battery cell.

6. The photovoltaic tile of claim 1, wherein, Along the thickness direction of the photovoltaic tile, the substrate forms a projection range in the plane where the solar cell is located, the solar cell is located within the projection range, and the fluorinated film completely covers the surface of the substrate opposite to the solar cell.

7. Photovoltaic tile according to claim 6, characterized in that, Along the thickness direction of the substrate, the edge of the fluorinated adhesive film is aligned with the edge of the substrate.

8. The photovoltaic tile of claim 6, wherein, The edge of the fluorinated film extends partially beyond the edge of the substrate in the length direction and / or width direction of the substrate.

9. The photovoltaic tile of claim 1, wherein, The fluorinated film is at least one of ETFE film, PVDF film and PVF film.

10. The photovoltaic tile of claim 1, wherein, The fluorinated film is a thin film of uniform thickness, and the thickness range of the fluorinated film is 20μm to 40μm.

11. The photovoltaic tile of claim 1, wherein, The photovoltaic tile includes a first adhesive film layer, which is located between the substrate and the solar cell, and the first adhesive film layer is a transparent plastic film.

12. Photovoltaic tile according to claim 11, characterized in that, Both the first adhesive film layer and the cut-off layer are POE adhesive films, and the substrate is a PET board.

13. The photovoltaic tile of claim 1, wherein, The photovoltaic tile includes a second adhesive film layer, which is located between the solar cell and the backsheet.

14. Photovoltaic tile according to claim 13, characterized in that, The second adhesive film layer is a POE film, an EVA film, or a PVB film.

15. The photovoltaic tile of claim 1, wherein, The photovoltaic tile includes a first adhesive film layer and a second adhesive film layer. The first adhesive film layer is located between the substrate and the solar cell, and the second adhesive film layer is located between the solar cell and the back panel. Along the thickness direction of the composite panel, the projections of the first adhesive film layer and the second adhesive film layer on the solar cell coincide with the outer contour of the solar cell.

16. The photovoltaic tile of claim 1, wherein, The photovoltaic tile includes a plurality of solar cells and a welding strip, wherein the plurality of solar cells are arranged along at least one direction, and two adjacent solar cells are partially stacked along the first direction. The welding strip connects two adjacent battery cells along a first direction. The welding strip includes a plurality of first welding segments and at least one second welding segment. The first welding segment is connected to a corresponding battery cell. The second welding segment connects two adjacent first welding segments along the first direction. The second welding segment is located between two adjacent battery cells and spans the stacked area of ​​the two adjacent battery cells. The second welding segment is flat.

17. The photovoltaic tile of claim 16, wherein, The battery piece comprises a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other, and in two adjacent battery pieces, the first surface of one of the battery pieces is provided with the first welding section, and the second surface of the other battery piece is provided with the first welding section.

18. The photovoltaic tile of claim 16, wherein, The first welding section has a circular cross section.

19. The photovoltaic tile of claim 16, wherein, The outer contour of the battery piece is one of a square, a triangle, a polygon, a circle, a semicircle or an ellipse.

20. A photovoltaic module, characterized by, A plurality of photovoltaic tiles according to any one of claims 1-19 are electrically connected.

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