Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compounds

Abstract

The present invention relates to the enhancement of flumetyl sulforim when it is utilized concomitantly, contemporaneously or in conjunction with Flumetylsulforim-Enhancing compounds, collectively, or typically, Isoprene unit-based compounds or compounds structurally based on 2-methyl-l,3-butadiene units or derived from them, such as, monoterpenoid and derivatives thereof, secondary metabolites originating from isoprene selected from Phenylpropanoids; Monoterpenoids, monoterpenes, flavones, Flavonoids etc., as part of a program to address agricultural and particularly crop plant pathogens, whether in curative, protective, and / or preventative programs. The present invention also relates to methods of increasing the enhancement of flumetylsulforim when it is utilized concomitantly, contemporaneously or in conjunction with Flumetylsulforim- Enhancing compounds collectively, or typically, Isoprene unit-based compounds or compounds structurally based on 2-methyl- 1,3 -butadiene units or derived from them, by adjusting the ratios between the flumetylsulforim and Flumetylsulforim-Enhancing compounds and / or by adjusting the concentration of the compounds in the spray mix from which they are applied.

Description

[0001] Flumetylsulforim-Enhancing Compounds

[0002] Throughout this application, various publications are cited. Disclosures of the documents and publications referred to herein are hereby incorporated in their entireties by reference into this application.

[0003] Field of the Present Subject Matter

[0004] The present invention relates to compounds, methods and compositions for the enhancement of agricultural pesticide activity and particularly for the enhancement of agricultural fungicides, exemplified by flumetylsulforim.

[0005] The present invention particularly relates to the enhancement of flumetylsulforim when it is utilized concomitantly, contemporaneously or in conjunction with Flumetylsulforim-Enhancing compounds collectively, or typically, structurally based on isoprene or 2-m ethyl- 1,3 -butadiene units or derived from them, of note are terpenes and terpenoid derivatives which are often (secondary) metabolites which originate from isoprene (2-methylbutadiene) units. Of particular note are Flumetylsulforim-Enhancing compounds selected from Phenylpropanoids; Monoterpenoids, monoterpenes, flavones, Flavonoids etc., as part of a program to address agricultural and particularly crop plant pathogens, whether in curative, protective, or preventative programs.

[0006] The present invention particularly relates to combinations, mixtures, methods, compositions and other beneficial associations comprising flumetylsulforim and one or more Flumetylsulforim-Enhancing compounds selected from Phenylpropanoids; monoterpenes, flavones and Flavonoids.

[0007] The present invention particularly relates to combinations, mixtures, methods, treatments, compositions and other beneficial associations comprising one or more Flumetylsulforim-Enhancing compounds structurally related to isoprene or derived therefrom, selected from Phenylpropanoids; Monoterpenoids, flavones, Flavonoids etc. for use in enhancing the compound flumetylsulforim, and particularly their use to enhance the pesticidal and / or fungicidal activity of flumetylsulforim. In some aspects the present invention particularly relates to combinations, mixtures, methods, treatments, compositions and other beneficial associations comprising flumetyl sulforim and one or more compounds structurally related to, or comprising units of isoprene (2-methyl-l,3-butadiene) such as phenylpropanoids, flavones, flavonoids etc., often usefully selected from estragole, eugenol, acetyl eugenol, Anethole, 2-Methoxy-5-prop-l-enylphenol (Isochavibetol), carvacrol, thymol, menthol, Citral, citronellal, linalool, borneol, terpineol, myrtenol, flavones, aurones, flavanones, chaicones, and dihydrochalcone as flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compounds.

[0008] Background of the Invention

[0009] Flumetylsulforim also known as 5-fluoro-4-imino-3-methyl-l-tosyl-3,4 dihydropyrimidin-2(lH)-one is an excellent potent fungicidal compound represented by the following structure,

[0010]

[0011] There is generally a desire to enhance the activity of all pesticides so as to be able to inter alia, reduce expense and the amounts of agrochemicals introduced into the environment by getting greater effect from the application of less material, as well as a desire to broaden the scope of the pests that can be addressed. The task of pesticidal enhancement is more challenging when the pesticide is already a potent and broadly applicable pesticide. Flumetylsulforim is a potent and broadly useful fungicide, thus, enhancing the fungicidal activity of Flumetylsulforim and thus improving the treatment or prevention of plant disease caused by pathogen and to broaden the scope of susceptible plant pathogens to Flumetylsulforim is an on-going challenge. Summary of the Present Subject Mater

[0012] The present invention relates to compounds which have surprisingly been found to be flumetyl sulforim enhancing compounds which among other atributes, enhance the biological, pesticidal and / or fungicidal activity of flumetylsulforim.

[0013] The surprising extent, breadth, and amount of enhancement of flumetylsulforim obtained in our research by utilizing the novel Flumetylsulforim-Enhancing compounds cannot be solely attributed to any known pesticidal activity of any of the herein disclosed Flumetylsulforim-Enhancing compounds.

[0014] Whether or not there is an influence of the absorption, penetration, degradation, excretion, sensitivity or metabolism of flumetylsulforim in crop plants or pathogens by one or more of the flumetylsulforim enhancing compounds is not the subject of this invention which is entirely focused on the results achievable when flumetylsulforim is utilized to address plant pathogens or prevent or protect against the threat of plant pathogens in coordination with one or more of the Flumetylsulforim-Enhancing compounds herein disclosed.

[0015] While many pesticidal compounds including Flumetylsulforim-Enhancing compounds have proven to be useful in combination with flumetylsulforim, this particular invention is focused on the especially discovered novel enhancement of flumetylsulforim facilitated by the use of specific Flumetylsulforim-Enhancing compounds selected from the groups of Phenylpropanoids; Monoterpenoids, Monoterpenes, and Flavonoids apart from any intrinsic pesticidal potency they may possess alone.

[0016] In some embodiments of the invention, though certainly not all, the surprising enhancements achieved by combining flumetylsulforim with Flumetylsulforim-Enhancing compounds selected from the groups of Phenylpropanoids; Monoterpenoids and Flavonoids are described in terms of the term “synergy”, and in specific embodiments the enhancements achieved are within the numerical definition of synergistic enhancement of fungicidal efficacy by any of a number of mathematical formulae useful in such evaluations.

[0017] However, inventor caution strongly against limiting the term “enhancement” or even “surprising enhancement”, by any efficacy measurement and especially not any numerical definition resulting from calculations of “synergy” as is often narrowly defined. As is emphasized repeatedly, as herein defined, the term “surprising enhancement” or “surprisingly enhanced”, relates to the plain dictionary meaning of the term synergy in its broadest sense.

[0018] For useful examples of the intended breadth of synergy as herein defined See:

[0019] http s : / / www. vocabul ary . com / di cti onary / synergy :

[0020] “the working together of two things (muscles or drugs for example) to produce an effect greater than the sum of their individual effects”

[0021] or even more broadly as found in Merriam-Webster Dictionary at https: / / www.merriam-webster.com / dictionary / synergy :

[0022] “a mutually advantageous conjunction or compatibility of distinct business participants or elements (such as resources or efforts)”.

[0023] Thus, inventors specifically define enhancement to be free of any constraints regarding “surprising enhancement” beyond the simple notion of the advantages of combining or associating flumetyl sulforim with Flumetylsulforim-Enhancing compounds selected from the groups of Phenylpropanoids; Monoterpenoids and Flavonoids that are achieved beyond what would be expected based simply upon the attributes of each alone.

[0024] Inventors note that specific combinations of flumetyl sulforim with Flumetylsulforim-Enhancing compounds selected from the groups of Phenylpropanoids; Monoterpenoids and Flavonoids achieve levels of enhancement that do indeed display advantages that do indeed rise to the levels of synergy that are numerically based on the results of calculations of synergy as often encountered in the field of assessing pesticidal efficacy.

[0025] Especially noted are combinations of flumetyl sulforim with one or more Flumetylsulforim-Enhancing compounds selected from the groups of Phenylpropanoids; Monoterpenoids and Flavonoids, wherein the weight ratio between flumetyl sulforim and the Flumetylsulforim-Enhancing compound(s) is selected from,

[0026] a. between about 2.2 : 1 to about 0.6: 1;

[0027] b. between about 200:1 to about 6.6 : 1; and

[0028] c. between about 1.5:1 to about 2.5:1,

[0029] d. between about 100: 1 to aboutl : 1.5,

[0030] e. between about 200: 1 to aboutl :2.5, and

[0031] f. between about 100: 1 to aboutl :3.5, wherein, as in all cases throughout this disclosure, the term about associated with any numerical value or range specifically includes a variance of ±10% in the value of the number unless the context clearly establishes otherwise.

[0032] In some product embodiments of the invention, the combination of flumetylsulforim with one or more Flumetylsulforim-Enhancing compounds is embodied by a single composition comprising flumetylsulforim and one or more of Phenylpropanoid compounds; Monoterpenoid compounds; and Flavonoid compounds.

[0033] In some product embodiments of the invention, the combination of flumetylsulforim with one or more Flumetylsulforim-Enhancing compounds is embodied by a single concentrated composition comprising flumetylsulforim and one or more of Phenylpropanoid compounds; Monoterpenoid compounds and Flavonoid compounds.

[0034] In some product embodiments of the invention, the combination of flumetylsulforim with one or more Flumetylsulforim-Enhancing compounds is embodied by a dilute ready-mix composition, or a Spray-mix, or Tank-mix composition comprising a flumetylsulforim concentrate diluted in an aqueous medium which contains the Flumetylsulforim-Enhancing compound selected from Phenylpropanoid compounds; Monoterpenoid (Monoterpene), compounds; Flavonoid compounds and combinations thereof.

[0035] In some intriguing adjuvant composition embodiments, the invention is embodied in a Flumetylsulforim-Enhancing adjuvant composition for use in preparing diluted flumetylsulforim ready-mix compositions, or Spray-mix, or Tank-mix compositions, wherein the Flumetylsulforim-Enhancing adjuvant composition comprises one or more Flumetylsulforim-Enhancing compounds in an aqueous medium optionally containing a useful solvent exemplified by alcohols such as ethanol, which is adapted for addition to an aqueous media within which flumetylsulforim is diluted to spray concentration in preparation for pesticidal application to a plant or parts thereof and / or its locus, a pathogen or the locus thereof etc. The flumetylsulforim is typically a separately prepared concentrated composition such as a suspension concentrate, diluted to spray mix concentration in aqueous media with the Hum etyl sulforim-enhancing Isoprene-unit based compound(s). In some Flumetylsulforim-Enhancing adjuvant composition embodiments, the compositions comprise between about 0.01 % and about 0.5% of a compound selected from one or more of estragole, eugenol, acetyl eugenol, Anethole, 2-Methoxy-5-prop-l-enylphenol (Isochavibetol), carvacrol, thymol, menthol, citral, citronellal, linalool, borneol, terpineol, myrtenol, flavones, aurones, flavanones, chaicones, and dihydrochalcone.

[0036] In all the above-mentioned composition embodiments the Flumetylsulforim-Enhancing compounds are often advantageously selected from compounds structurally related or based on isoprene units such as phenylpropanoids, monoterpenoids etc. and in particular, compounds having the following structures:

[0037] Estragole

[0038]

[0039] Acetyleugenol

[0040]

[0041] Isochavibetol (2-Methoxy-5-propenylphenol)

[0042]

[0043] Carvacrol

[0044]

[0045] Thymol

[0046]

[0047] Menthol

[0048]

[0049] Citronellal

[0050]

[0051] Linalool

[0052]

[0053] Myrtenol

[0054]

[0055] Flavones

[0056]

[0057] Aurones

[0058] Flavanones

[0059] Chai cones

[0060] Dihydrochalcone

[0061]

[0062] While many pathogens in a range of crop plants can be addressed with the inventive combinations, some target pathogenic conditions worthy of mention include, Soybean rust caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, Wheat Puccinia slriiformis. Puccinia trilicina. Blumeria graminis, Zymoseptoria tritici, Fusarium spp, Barley Puccinia hordei.

[0063] Blumeria graminis, Pyrenophora teres, Rhynchosporium secalis and Ramularia collo-cygni such as in barley.

[0064] In one embodiment the present invention provides a combination and methods of use thereof, comprising Flumetyl sulforim and Flumetylsulforim-Enhancing compound(s) to address crop plant pathogens in plants and, in particular to protect, treat, cure, prevent etc., infection wherein the Flumetylsulforim-Enhancing compound is one or more of estragole, eugenol, acetyl eugenol, Anethole, Isochavibetol, carvacrol, thymol, menthol, citral, citronellal, linalool, borneol, terpineol, myrtenol, flavones, aurones, flavanones, chaicones.

[0065] In one embodiment the present invention provides a combination and methods of use thereof, comprising Flumetyl sulforim and Flumetylsulforim-Enhancing compound(s) to address soybean rust in Soyabean plants and, in particular to protect, treat, cure, prevent etc., infection of soyabean plants and the locus thereof, from diseases caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi.

[0066] In one embodiment the present invention provides a combination and methods of use thereof, comprising Flumetyl sulforim and Flumetylsulforim-Enhancing compound(s) to address septoria diseases in cereal crop plants exemplified by protecting, treating, curing preventing, etc., infection of wheat plants and the locus thereof, from diseases caused by Zymoseptoria tritici.

[0067] While referring in this disclosure to uses related to coping with, treating, preventing, protecting from, curing, diminishing impacts from plant pathogens and resultant diseases, inventors have commonly used the terminology of “addressing” as related to application methods for plant pathogens and diseases caused by them. The terminology of addressing pathogens or diseases is to express the widest possible type of interaction that is intended to derive benefit in spite of any threat or occurrence of the pathogen or disease without limitation, unless the context cannot support that interpretation, being terminology intended to remove any limitations that may be wrongly assumed from more limiting terminology. Nothing more is intended.

[0068] In some pathogen-addressing application method embodiments, Flumetyl sulforim is applied at rate of between about 50 to about 200 g a.i. / ha.

[0069] In some pathogen-addressing application method embodiments, Flumetyl sulforim is applied at rate of between about 50 to about 200 g a.i. / ha in an aqueous medium to be applied at a dilute volume rate of 50 - 500 L / Ha. Although, application of undiluted concentrated Flumetylsulforim compositions as-is, is definitely envisioned for appropriate pesticidal / fungicidal uses. The use of low and ultra-low volume applications are in no way departing from the invention herein disclosed.

[0070] In some pathogen-addressing application method embodiments, Flumetylsulforim is applied at rate of about 12.5-500 g a.i. / ha, more commonly 50 - 250 g a.i. / ha.

[0071] The rate of application of Flumetylsulforim that has been used in many experimental examples herein disclosed, has typically been about 100 g a.i. / ha applied in a spray mix or tank mix having a volume / dilution intended to apply 150 Liters per Hectare as a model (only). This is in no way intended to signal that this is a preferred or suggested rate of application for any particular pathogen or plant. However, in many cases a rate of Flumetylsulforim application has been chosen which is known to be less than optimal, such as about 80% efficacious, so as to be able to adequately highlight the object of an experiment disclosed to display the enhancement obtainable by combining Flumetylsulforim with Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compounds such as those of the isoprene type, phenylpropanoids, terpenoid, flavonoids etc. In other words, in some examples herein disclosed a less than optimal Flumetylsulforim rate of application is chosen for a specific pathogen in a specific crop so as to be able to display the advantages of combining the application in a concomitant way with Flumetyl sulforimenhancing compounds, because if the rate chosen in an experiment for the solo application of Flumetylsulforim is 100% efficacious in that plant / pathogen, then the experiment comparing that with the combined application is unable to display the advantage achieved. Inventors thus stress that it is unwise to assign significance to the rates chosen in the examples for Flumetylsulforim or to assume that without the accompaniment of the Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compounds Flumetylsulforim would not have been sufficient alone, although perhaps at a different rate of application or by applying a spray mixture or ready mix having a different concentration or dilution.

[0072] In some pathogen-addressing application method embodiments, Flumetyl sulforim is applied at rate of between about 75 and about 125g a.i. / ha (where “about” is ±10% of each value).

[0073] In some application method embodiments, Flumetyl sulforim is applied at rate of about 100 g a.i. / ha.

[0074] In some application method embodiments, Flumetyl sulforim is applied at rate of about 100 g a.i. / ha in an aqueous medium to be applied at a dilute volume rate of, 50 L / Ha; 100 L / Ha; 150 L / Ha; 200 L / Ha; 250 L / Ha, 750 L / Ha; 1000 L / Ha, etc. and volumes generally found useful in the crop plant environment of interest.

[0075] In some embodiments, the application rate of Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound(s) is between about 10 g ai / ha to about 800 g ai / ha. This wide range of application rates for the accompanying Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound(s) reflects the fact that a very large number of compounds herein determined to enhance the activity of Flumetylsulforim, have little or no deleterious effects allowing greater freedom in combination as compared to other compounds that may be fount to enhance the efficacy of Flumetylsulforim, which may be limited by their known phytotoxicity beyond a particular amount. In most cases useful rates of application for the inventive compounds based on isoprene units or structurally associated compounds herein disclosed are typically within a narrower range.

[0076] In some embodiments, the application rate of Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound(s) is between about 45 g ai / ha to about 150 g ai / ha. commonly the Flumetyl sulforimenhancing compound(s) has been applied dissolved in an aqueous spray mixture that has a concentration of between about 0.01% to about 5%, in experiments representative concentrations included 0.03%, 0.1%, 0.3% and 3%. Depending on the desired use setting it is clear that an optimum concentration will be easy to determine.

[0077] However basic common sense and care must be taken, as even some totally innocuous compounds can start to display phytotoxicity in plants if they are applied to plants at too high concentrations. For practitioners in the field of agrochemical application optimization will find it extremely simple to determine the most suitable safe concentration that is also practical for agricultural use. In several experimental trials, concentrations of 0.03% and 0.1% in aqueous media have been usefully employed.

[0078] In some cases a single concentrate composition that combines both Flumetyl sulforim as well as Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound(s) will be used. Such a concentrate will typically be diluted immediately prior to being jointly applied.

[0079] In other common methods of application a concentrate composition comprising Flumetylsulforim will be added to a Tank and mixed with a separately prepared composition of the Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound(s) and diluted to a useful aqueous concentration. In these types of embodiment it may perhaps be useful to refer to these separately prepared compositions of Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound(s) as adjuvant compositions for Flumetylsulforim.

[0080] The Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound(s) are often usefully employed in solubilized or totally dissolved form in aqueous media, and use of a compatible solvent is definitely envisioned as a possibility but not always required. While not being any limitation, the inclusion a solubilizing solvent such as ethanol will not only ensure dissolution of the Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound, but may actually increase the fungicidal efficacy of the combined application program. However once again common sense and care is appropriate when choosing if a solvent is needed at all or if a solvent is itself harmful to plants or has the potential to increase the harm or phytotoxicity that might be attributable to the increased solubilization of the compound or the effect of the solvent on plant tissues penetrability, the stability of the Flumetylsulforim, or compatibility with other formulation / composition additives. A practitioner may easily conclude that the added efficacy achieved by inclusion of a particular solvent is not worth the damage caused by its inclusion, whether due to its effect on crop plants or the other ingredients being applied.

[0081] In some embodiments, the application rate of Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound(s) is between about 5 g ai / ha to about 4.5 Kg ai / ha.

[0082] In some embodiments, the application rate of Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound(s) is between about 45 g ai / ha to about 150 g ai / ha. In some embodiments, the application rate of Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound(s) is between about 45 g ai / ha to about 150 g ai / ha utilized in an aqueous medium at a concentration of between 0.01% and 5%. In more common embodiments the Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound(s) are applied in diluted form in aqueous media at a concentration of between about 0.03% and 3%.

[0083] In some exemplified application embodiments the Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound(s) are used at typical dilutions of concentrations of between about 0.03% and about 0.1% often delivering between about 45 g / Ha and about 150 g / Ha. By applying 150 L / Ha of spray mixture.

[0084] In some embodiments, the application rate of Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound(s) is between about 45 g ai / ha to about 150 g ai / ha.

[0085] In some embodiments, the application rate of Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound(s) is about l-30g ai / ha and the application rate of the component (2) is between about 50-200 g ai / ha.

[0086] In some embodiments, the application rate of Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound(s) is about 50g ai / ha and the application rate of the Flumetyl sulforim is between about 75-125 g a.i. / ha.

[0087] In some application method embodiments, Flumetyl sulforim is applied at rate of between about 50 to about 200 g a.i. / ha.

[0088] In some embodiments of the invention the Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound(s) applied at rate of 50 g / ha.

[0089] In some embodiments, Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound(s) applied at rate between about 45-150 g / ha.

[0090] In some embodiments, Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound(s) applied at rate between about l-30g / ha.

[0091] In some embodiments, Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound(s) applied at rate between about 5-250 g / ha. In some embodiments, Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound(s) applied at rate between about 30g - 220 g / Ha.

[0092] In some embodiments, Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound(s) applied at rate between about 45-150 g / ha.

[0093] In some embodiments, Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound(s) applied at rate between about 45-150 g / ha at a rate of dilution of between about 0.02% and 0.12%.

[0094] In some embodiments, component (2) applied at rate of about 75-125g a.i. / ha

[0095] In some embodiments, component (2) applied at rate of about 100 g a.i. / ha

[0096] In some embodiments, the application rate of Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound(s) is about 45-150 g ai / ha and the application rate of the component (2) is about 100 g ai / ha.

[0097] In some embodiments, the application rate of Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound(s) is about l-30g ai / ha and the application rate of the component (2) is between about 50-200 g ai / ha.

[0098] In some embodiments, the application rate of Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound(s) is about 50g ai / ha and the application rate of the component (2) is between about 75-125 g ai / ha.

[0099] In some embodiments the weight ratio between the component (2) to Flumetyl sulforimenhancing compound(s) compounds is about 2.2 : 1 to 0.6: 1

[0100] In some embodiments the weight ratio between the component (2) compound(s) to Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound(s) compound(s) is about 200:1 to 6.6 : 1

[0101] In some embodiments the weight ratio between the Flumetylsulforim to Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound(s) compound(s) is about 1.5:1 to 2.5:1

[0102] It has been found useful to employ the Flumetylsulforim enhancing compounds at a final diluted aqueous concentration of between about 0.01% to,

[0103] below about 3%;

[0104] below about 1%;

[0105] below about 0.5%; below about 0.4%.

[0106] Thus, in one aspect the invention relates to combinations of flumetylsulforim and one or more flumetylsulforim-enhancing compounds selected from the group of phenylpropanoids , terpenes such as monoterpenoids and Monoterpenes, Flavonoids and combinations thereof.

[0107] In a noted aspect the invention relates to combinations of flumetylsulforim and one or more of estragole, eugenol, acetyl eugenol, Anethole, 2-Methoxy-5-prop-l-enylphenol (Isochavibetol), carvacrol, thymol, menthol, citral, citronellal, linalool, borneol, terpineol, myrtenol flavones, aurones, flavanones, chaicones, and dihydrochalcone. While the term enhancement in the field of agrochemical pesticides is often thought of being related to pesticidal efficacy and utility in addressing crop pathogens, enhancement as herein disclosed is not only confined to this aspect which has been aptly proven for the combinations herein disclosed but, also to other areas of enhancement including, bioavailability, penetration of plant and pathogen, absorption, solubilization, biological disposition and metabolism, breadth of utility, formulation benefits, enhancement of plant health and quality, prevention and treatment of infection, and many other advantages, that for shorthand purposes are referred to as enhancements, without limiting the advantages both found and clearly envisioned by combining the inventive flumetylsulforim-enhancing Isoprene unit based compound(s) with flumetylsulforim.

[0108] Combinations as herein discussed are not limited to physical mixtures or compositions but also inter alia related to the concomitant use or agricultural application of two components within a program to address plant pathogens whether protectantly, or as a curative method. One component being flumetylsulforim and the other component being one or more of the flumetylsulforim-enhancing isoprene-based compounds as herein disclosed.

[0109] Thus, in one aspect the invention lies in novel methods of addressing plant pathogens, and particularly agricultural plant pathogens by bringing the pathogen, the plant, its parts or its surroundings (locus), into contact with at least two components,

[0110] a) Flumetylsulforim, and

[0111] b) one or more Flumetylsulforim-enhancing, isoprene unit-based compounds selected from the group of, i. phenylpropanoids;

[0112] ii. Monoterpenoids;

[0113] iii. Flavonoids; and

[0114] iv. Flavonoids .

[0115] In one aspect the invention lies in novel methods of addressing plant pathogens, and particularly agricultural plant pathogens by bringing the pathogen, the plant, its parts or its surroundings (locus), into contact with at least two components,

[0116] a) Flumetyl sulforim, and

[0117] b) one or more Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compounds selected from the group of, i. phenylpropanoids;

[0118] ii. Monoterpenoids;

[0119] iii. Flavonoids; and

[0120] iv. Flavonoids .

[0121] c) In a noted aspect the invention relates to combinations of flumetyl sulforim and one or more of, Phenylpropanoids selected from estragole, eugenol, acetyl eugenol, Anethole, and 2-Methoxy-5-prop-l-enylphenol (Isochavibetol), (2) Monoterpenoids selected from carvacrol, thymol, menthol, citral, citronellal, linalool, borneol, terpineol, and myrtenol and (3) Flavanoids selected from flavones, aurones , flavanones, chaicones, and dihydrochalcone.

[0122] The adaptation may be the provision of compositions of Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound(s) compounds as additives for preparing spray mixes or tank mixes of the Flumetylsulforim. In some embodiments, a kit is provided comprising a packaged concentrated composition of Flumetylsulforim together with a composition of Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound(s)for combination with the Flumetylsulforim in a water dilution just prior to application. Instructions for the useful methods of combination and dilution is often part and parcel of the adaptation.

[0123] These adapted compositions are often in the form of a kit containing packaged Flumetylsulforim and compositions and Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound(s)with packaged instructions for adaptation of the composition for specific plants and specific plant pathogens. As will be clear from the foregoing discussion, often the advantage of combining Flumetylsulforim and Flumetylsulforim -enhancing compound(s)is increased efficacy of the fungicide. Whether this enhanced efficacy is due to the hydrophobic / lipophilic balance achieved, increase in migration across biological membranes or through some other mechanism, is not significant, the resultant effect is what is significant, and it may be immaterial why this happens though it is possible that the enhancing effects are due to a combination of such mechanisms.

[0124] The present invention also provides a multi-component combination comprising at least two components: flumetylsulforim and Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound(s)wherein the combination is more effective for treating a plant or soil against fungal and / or bacterial disease than if each component in the combination, at the same amount is applied alone.

[0125] The present invention also provides a multi-component combination for treating soybean rust comprising at least two components: flumetylsulforim and Flumetyl sulforimenhancing compound(s), wherein the combination is more effective for treating a plant or soil against fungal and / or bacterial disease than if each component in the combination, at the same amount is applied alone.

[0126] The present invention also provides a multi-component combination, admixture etc., comprising at least two flumetylsulforim and Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound(s) wherein the combination is more effective for treating a plant or soil against fungal and / or bacterial disease than if each component in the combination, at the same amount is applied alone. Often the Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound(s), contains naturally sourced isoprene-based compounds.

[0127] Furthermore, the present invention provides a combination comprising at least two components: an amount of flumetylsulforim, and Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound(s).

[0128] The combination optionally, or advantageously further contains, one or more additional fungicides.

[0129] Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound(s) structurally based on Isoprene unitsof the invention are often naturally sourced or derived from natural products, selected from a group including Phenylpropanoids; Monoterpenoids, monoterpenes, flavones and Flavonoids.

[0130] compound I

[0131] Further, the present invention also provides combinations wherein the amount of Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound(s) and the amount of the flumetyl sulforim if applied together is more effective for treating or protecting plants or soil against fungal and / or bacterial infection than if each component at the same amount is applied alone, and wherein the amounts of additional fungicidal component compounds when present, are reduced (or may be reduced without deleterious effect), as compared to comparable fungicidal combinations comprising the same amount of flumetyl sulforim where the Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound(s) is absent.

[0132] To be clear though, the addition of superfluous types of pesticidally active ingredients, or amounts thereof which are superfluous to requirements, or to combinations of the inventions will not remove the combinations from the envisioned scope of the invention. In general, it is desired to reduce the overall amount of applied pesticides and if redundant it is wasteful to include them.

[0133] By using relatively environmentally safe Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound(s)especially those sourced or derived from natural sources, plants, trees, algae etc. to enhance fungicidal activity of Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound(s), the amounts Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound(s) that can be included in the inventive combinations with Flumetylsulforim to enhance fungicidal efficacy is not generally as severely limited due to environmental damage or exposure, and gives greater scope for enhancement than would be possible if the “efficacy enhancement agent” was a pesticide or other fungicide having a limit as to its use due to environmental concerns.

[0134] In several embodiments of the invention, the inventive combination comprises a mixture of the Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound(s) with a separately prepared Flumetylsulforim composition or admixture comprising Flumetylsulforim with a separately prepared composition of Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound(s).

[0135] In some embodiments, the Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound(s) are flavonoids including but not limited to flavones, aurones, flavanones, chaicones, and dihydrochalcones etc.

[0136] Detailed Description of Specific Embodiments of The Invention

[0137] Definitions

[0138] Prior to setting forth the present subject matter in detail, it may be helpful to provide definitions of certain terms to be used herein. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as is commonly understood by one of skill in the art to which this subject matter pertains.

[0139] Throughout the application, descriptions of various embodiments use the term “comprising”; however, it will be understood by one of skill in the art, that in some specific instances, an embodiment can alternatively be described using the language “consisting essentially of’ or “consisting of.”

[0140] Often when relating to a list of options, or optional choices of ingredient etc., the phrase “selected from the group consisting of’ has been used in this disclosure, however, in all cases the corresponding phrases “selected from the group of’ or “selected from the group comprising” is specifically intended as an option, and vice versa, unless the context requires the specific interpretation.

[0141] All disclosed lists of optional ingredients etc., should be seen as a disclosure of both closed and open lists as two independently disclosed alternatives.

[0142] The term “a” or “an” as used herein includes the singular and the plural, unless specifically stated otherwise. Therefore, the terms “a,” “an” or “at least one” can be used interchangeably in this application, to be clear that the use of terms “a,” or “an” does not intend to convey the absence of multiples unless the context requires it.

[0143] For purposes of better understanding the present teachings and in no way limiting the scope of the teachings, unless otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing quantities, percentages or proportions, and other numerical values used in the specification and claims, are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term “about”. Unless the context clearly establishes otherwise a variance of ±10% in the value of a number should be assumed by the term about. Accordingly, unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters set forth in the following specification and attached claims are approximations that may vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained. At the very least, each numerical parameter should at least be construed in light of the number of reported significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques. Inventors intend to report numerical values rounded up to no more than one digit after the decimal point. While every effort has been expended to avoid the error, if a numerical value disclosed herein has been mistakenly recorded as having more than one numeral after the decimal point, it should be considered to have been an inadvertent error (unless it is a very small non-zero value), and the figure should be understood to be that value rounded up or down to a maximum of a single numeral after the decimal point, e.g., within this disclosure, a typographical error that records a figure of “147. 4821”, should be understood that inventors intention was to refer to a correct value of “148”, unless the context makes clear that 147.5 is required. Likewise values actually below 0.05 will of course be recorded so as to not be record a value of zero, e.g., 0.02 will not be rounded down to 0.0.

[0144] "About" as used herein is inclusive of the stated value and means within an acceptable range of deviation for the particular value as determined by one of ordinary skill in the art, considering the measurement in question and the error associated with measurement of the particular quantity (ie., the limitations of the measurement system), in this respect context is important. However, unless the context makes it clear otherwise, in this regard, use of the term “about” herein specifically includes ±10% from the indicated values in the range and unless it is clear from the context, that the term “about” cannot be reasonably understood to be ±10% from the indicated value. A case in point is a “content of 95%” for an ingredient. This value is to be understood as being “about 95%”, however the term 95% ±10% is nonsensical obviously the intention was thus not to include values greater than 100%.

[0145] In addition, the endpoints of all ranges directed to the same component or property herein are inclusive of the endpoints, are independently combinable, and specifically include all intermediate points and ranges. Thus, it is understood that where a parameter range is provided, all integers within that range, and tenths thereof, are also provided by the invention, and as with all numbers, accepted principles of numerical rounding should be employed. For example, a range of “10%-50%” specifically includes 9.5%, 9.8, 10%, 10.1%, 10.2%, etc. up to 50.4%.

[0146] As used herein, the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items, thus this term often replaces the use of the double alternatives of both expression x and y as well as x or y. Expressions such as "at least one of," when preceding a list of elements, modify the entire list of elements and do not modify the individual elements of the list.

[0147] It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being “on” another element, it may be directly in contact with the other element or intervening elements may be present therebetween. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being “directly on” another element, there are no intervening elements present that may create a barrier between them.

[0148] It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers, and / or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers, and / or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer, or section from another element, component, region, layer, or section. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer, or section discussed below could be termed a second element, component, region, layer, or section without departing from the teachings of the present embodiments.

[0149] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing or illustrating particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0150] The term “or” means “and / or” unless the context requires otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and / or “comprising,” or “includes” and / or “including” or “contains” and / or “containing”, if used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, regions, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, regions, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof.

[0151] Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this general inventive concept belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and the present disclosure, and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.

[0152] As used herein, the term “mixture” as regards agrochemicals, includes, but is not limited to, an assemblage of agrochemicals typically, for application either by simultaneous, contemporaneous, concomitant, sequential and / or succession / successive application. Thus, the term “mixture” as regards components includes, inter alia, a combination in any time of application of the individual components e.g., simultaneous, contemporaneous, concomitant, and / or succession / successive application and / or in any physical form, e.g., composition, blend, admixture, solution, suspension, dispersion, emulsion, alloy, or the like. Mixture or mixing also may refer to combining and applying the active components as one composition and / or formulating each of the active component in the mixture or combination as separated compositions and application at the same time or in separated applications at the same time or different times, these mixture of components can be provided in a kit, or otherwise adapted for combination according to the invention.

[0153] As used herein, the term “simultaneous” if used in connection with application of agrochemicals means that the agrochemicals (of the mixture) are applied in an admixture, for example, a tank mix. For simultaneous application, the combination (mixture), may be the admixture itself, or separate containers each containing an agrochemical component or mixture of some components that are combined prior to application, typically provided as a kit, or otherwise adapted for end-use combination. As used herein, the term “contemporaneous” if used in connection with application of agrochemicals (of the mixture) means that an individual agrochemical is applied perhaps separately from another agrochemical or premixture at the same time or at times sufficiently close together that a synergistic activity or an activity that is additive or more than additive relative to the activity of either agrochemical alone at the same dose is achieved.

[0154] As used herein, the term "succession" or “successive” if used in connection with the application of agrochemicals (of the combination) means that an individual agrochemical is applied at separate application starting times from another agrochemical, one after the other.

[0155] As used herein, the specific term “fungicidally effective amount” of a known active compound or component refers to an amount of the active component that is recommended for use, for example, to control the relevant fungi on the relevant crop. In some instances, however it will be clear from the context that an amount which is effective fungicidally, is a reduced though, still effective amount of an active component enabled by implementing the invention, as compared to the commercially recommended or previously recognized amount. The commercially recommended amount for each active component, often specified as application rates of the commercial formulation, may be found on the label accompanying the commercial formulation. The commercially recommended application rates of the commercial formulation may vary depending on factors such as the plant species and the fungus to be controlled.

[0156] For example, if a fungicide concentrated composition comprising 200g / L of a single fungicidal ingredient is marketed in 4 liter containers to treat a specific fungal infection of each hectare of a specific crop requiring 800g ai / ha, applying less than this recommended amount of that fungicide is considered less than its fungicidally effective amount. Similarly in the above example if the concentrate contained less than 200g a.i. / L in a 4 liter preparation for 1 hectare it would be considered as containing less than its fungicidally effective amount.

[0157] In general, if application of particular amount of a specific fungicide achieves less than 70% control of a specific fungal pathogen in a specific crop (less than 70% efficacy), it is considered that that amount of that fungicide is less than a fungicidally effective amount, of course there are particularly intractable pathogens in particular crops where even 50% fungicidal efficacy is currently seen as the “gold standard” for that pathogen. Of course, when considering intransigent or difficult to treat fungal infections, the level of control is based on the industry standard, so that if the maximum level of control achievable with a specific solo fungicide to-date for a particular fungal infection is considerably less than 80% control, the term less than a fungicidally effective amount, will be based on the amount known or understood to achieve that maximum level of control at that time with that active ingredient.

[0158] As used herein, the term “treating a plant or soil against fungal infection” includes, but is not limited to, protecting the plant or soil against fungal attack, preventing fungal infection of the plant or soil, controlling fungal disease infecting the plant or soil, and reducing fungal infection of the plant or soil.

[0159] As used herein, the term “more effective” includes, but is not limited to, increasing efficacy of fungal disease control, prolonging protection and reducing the amount of time needed to achieve a given level of fungal control, prolonging the duration of protection against fungal attack after application and extending the protection period against fungal attack and / or reducing the amount of time needed to achieve a level of fungal control compared to when each fungicide at the same amount is applied alone. As used herein, the term “effective” if used in connection with any combination, mixture or composition may be but is not limited to any of, effective in controlling fungal disease, effective in preventing fungal disease, effective to decrease time for effectively controlling fungal disease, effective to decrease the amount of the fungicide(s) required for effectively controlling fungal disease, effective in extending the controlling effect of the individual combination, mixture and / or composition the mixture in terms of type of crop and disease, effective to prolong the time of controlling effect of the mixture compared to the individual combination, mixture and / or composition the mixture in terms of type of crop and disease, effective to prolong the time of controlling effect of the individual combination, mixture and / or composition the mixture in terms of type of crop and disease. As used herein, the term "effective amount" typically refers to an amount of the agrochemical composition or of the mixture which is sufficient for controlling harmful fungi on crop plants and does not cause significant damage to the treated crop plants, about 80% control or more of a pathogen is generally indicative of effective control and the applied dose that achieves this is generally seen as an effective amount, with some exceptions.

[0160] As used herein, the term "agriculturally acceptable carrier" means carriers which are known and accepted in the art for the formation of compositions for agricultural or horticultural use.

[0161] As used herein, the term “adjuvant” is broadly defined as any substance that itself is not an active ingredient, but which enhances or is intended to enhance the effectiveness of the pesticide with which it is used. Adjuvants may be understood to include, but are not limited to, spreading agents, penetrants, compatibility agents, and drift retardants.

[0162] As used herein, the term "agriculturally acceptable inert additives" is defined as any substance that itself is not an active ingredient but is added to the composition such as thickening agent, sticking agents, surfactants, anti -oxidation agent, anti-foaming agents and thickeners.

[0163] As used herein, the term “tank mix” means that one or more chemical pesticides or compositions are mixed in the spray tank at the time of spray application.

[0164] As used herein, the term “ready mix” means a composition that may be applied to plants directly after dilution. The composition comprises the combination of the active ingredients.

[0165] As used herein the term "plant" or "crop" includes reference to agricultural crops including field crops (soybean, maize, wheat, rice, etc.), vegetable crops (potatoes, cabbages, etc.), fruits (peach, etc.), semi-perennial crops (sugarcane) and perennial crops (trees, coffee, guava for example).

[0166] As used herein the term "plant" or “crop” includes reference to whole plants, plant organs (e.g., leaves, stems, twigs, roots, trunks, limbs, shoots, fruits etc.), plant cells, seedling, cutting or plant seeds. This term also encompasses plant crops such as fruits. The term “plant” may also include the propagation material thereof, which may include all the generative parts of the plant such as seeds and vegetative plant material such as cuttings and tubers, which can be used for the multiplication of the plant. It may also include spores, corms, bulbs, rhizomes, sprouts, basal shoots, stolons, and buds and other parts of plants, including seedlings and young plants, which are to be transplanted after germination, rooting or after emergence from soil or any other kind of substrate, be it artificial or natural.

[0167] As used herein the term "propagation material" is to be understood to denote all the generative parts of the plant such as seeds and spores, vegetative structures such as bulbs, corms, tubers, rhizomes, roots stems, basal shoots, stolons, and buds.

[0168] As used herein, the term "locus" includes not only areas where fungal infection / disease may already be shown, but also areas where fungal infection / disease have yet to show and also area under cultivation. Locus includes but is not limited to soil and other plant growth medium.

[0169] As used herein, the term "locus" includes a habitat, breeding ground, plant, propagation material, soil, area, material, or environment in which a fungal disease is growing or may grow.

[0170] As used herein the term “ha” refers to hectare.

[0171] As used herein, the terms “control” or “controlling” or "treating" include but are not limited to, preventing fungal disease, protecting plants from fungal disease, delaying the onset of fungal disease, and combating or killing fungal disease. They also may include the curative and / or eradication action of compounds and compositions on underway fungal and / or bacterial diseases. Controlling fungal disease infecting the plant, propagation material of the plant or locus of the plant, controlling a plant or soil disease caused by phytopathologic fungi and / or bacteria (pathogen), controlling fungal attack on the plant or, propagation material of the plant or locus of the plant includes curative application and / or protectant / preventive application and / or persistence application to do so.

[0172] As can be seen, many functions are included in the term fungicidal performance, and not all of these functions are limited to a numerical value of eradicating a pest.

[0173] The term "applying" or "application", as used herein, includes but is not limited to applying the compounds and compositions including those of the invention, to the plant, to a site of infestation by fungi and / or bacteria, to a potential site of infestation by the fungi and / or bacteria, which may require protection from infestation, or the environment around the habitat or potential habitat of the fungi and / or bacteria. It also includes reference to the activity of compounds and compositions on plants and fungal and / or bacterial tissues with which they come into contact. The application may be by methods described in the present invention such as by spraying, dipping, etc. As used herein the term “curative application” means, inter alia, an application of one or more compounds including fungicide for controlling fungal and / or bacterial infection of the plant or locus, wherein the fungicidal combination, mixture or composition is applied after an infection or after disease symptoms are shown, and wherein the fungal and / or bacterial infection is reduced and / or curing a plant or soil disease caused by phytopathologic / phytopathogenic fungi and / or bacteria.

[0174] As used herein, the term “curative treatment” or “curative activity” means an application of one or more pesticides, and particularly fungicidal material for controlling pest infection of the plant or locus, after an infection or after disease symptoms are shown and / or when the disease pressure is high. Disease pressure may be assessed based on the conditions associated with disease development such as spore concentration and certain environmental conditions. In some embodiments, the pest is a fungus and / or bacteria. As used herein, the term “protectant application” means an application of one or more fungicidal combination, mixture, or composition, for preventing fungal and / or bacterial infection of the plant or locus, wherein the fungicidal combination, mixture or composition is applied before infection / disease occurs, before any disease symptoms are shown or when the disease pressure is low. Disease pressure may be assessed based on the conditions associated with disease development such as spore concentration and certain environmental conditions.

[0175] As used herein, the term “preventative treatment” or “preventative activity” means an application of one or more pesticide for controlling pest infection of the plant or locus, before an infection or before disease symptoms are shown and / or when the disease pressure is low. Disease pressure may be assessed based on the conditions associated with disease development such as spore concentration and certain environmental conditions. In some embodiments, the pest is a fungus and / or bacteria.

[0176] As used herein, the term "cultivated plants" includes plants which have been modified by breeding, mutagenesis, or genetic engineering. Genetically modified plants are plants, which their genetic material has been modified by the use of recombinant DNA techniques. Typically, one or more genes have been integrated into the genetic material of such a plant in order to improve certain properties of the plant.

[0177] The term “plant health” comprises various sorts of improvements of plants that are not connected to the control of pests. For example, advantageous properties that may be mentioned are improved crop characteristics including: emergence, crop yields, protein content, oil content, starch content, more developed root system (improved root growth), improved stress tolerance or improved non biotic stress mitigation (e.g. against drought, heat, salt, UV, water, cold), reduced ethylene (reduced production and / or inhibition of reception), increase in plant height, bigger leaf blade, less dead basal leaves, stronger tillers, greener leaf color, pigment content, photosynthetic activity, less input needed (such as fertilizers or water), less seeds needed, more productive tillers, earlier flowering, early grain maturity, less plant verse (lodging), shortening of stalks, increased diameter of stalks, increased shoot growth, enhanced plant vigor, increased plant stand and early and better germination; or any other advantages familiar to a person skilled in the art.

[0178] As used herein, the phrase "agriculturally acceptable carrier" means carriers which are known and accepted in the art for the formation of compositions for agricultural or horticultural use.

[0179] In some embodiments, the disease is fungal disease.

[0180] In some embodiments, infection is disease and / or disease caused by pathogen.

[0181] The term "enhancing crop plants" as used herein means improving one or more of plant quality, plant vigor, nutrient uptake, root system, tolerance to stress factors or improved non biotic stress mitigation, and / or yield in a plant to which the mixture or composition described herein is applied as compared to a control plant grown under the same conditions except to which the mixture or composition described herein is not applied. The term "improving plant quality" as used herein means that one or more traits are improved qualitatively or quantitatively in a plant to which the mixture or composition described herein is applied as compared to the same trait in a control plant grown under the same conditions except to which the mixture or composition described herein is not applied. Such traits include but are not limited to improved visual appearance and composition of the plant (i.e. improved color, density, uniformity, compactness), reduced ethylene (reduced production and / or inhibition of reception), improved visual appearance and composition of harvested material (i.e. seeds, fruits, leaves, vegetables, shoot / stem / cane),), improved carbohydrate content (i.e. increased quantities of sugar and / or starch, improved sugar acid ratio, reduction of reducing sugars, increased rate of development of sugar), improved protein content, improved oil content and composition, improved nutritional value, reduction in anti -nutritional compounds, increased nutrient uptake, stronger and healthier roots, improved organoleptic properties (i.e. improved taste), improved consumer health benefits (i.e. increased levels of vitamins and antioxidants), improved post-harvest characteristics (i.e. enhanced shelf-life and / or storage stability, easier processability, easier extraction of compounds), and / or improved seed quality (i.e. for use in following seasons).

[0182] As used herein, the term "plant growth regulation" or "regulating plant growth" includes restricting vertical stem growth, promoting root growth, stunting, increasing stem diameter and stem-wall thickness, and the like.

[0183] As used herein, the term "plants" refers to any and all physical parts of a plant, including but not limited to seeds, seedlings, saplings, roots, tubers, stems, stalks, foliage, and fruits.

[0184] Combinations and mixtures

[0185] The present invention relates to fungicidal combination comprising at least two components: flumetyl sulforim and at least one Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound(s) selected from the group of monoterpenoids, phenylpropanoids, monoterpenoids, flavones, Flavonoids any combination thereof of, such as Phenylpropanoids selected from estragole, eugenol, acetyl eugenol, Anethole and 2-Methoxy-5-prop-l-enylphenol (Isochavibetol), Monoterpenoids selected from carvacrol, thymol, menthol, Citral, citronellal, linalool, borneol, terpineol, and myrtenol and Flavonoids flavones, aurones, flavanones, chaicones, , and dihydrochalcone.

[0186] In some embodiments, the present invention provides fungicidal combinations comprising at least two components: flumetyl sulforim and Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound(s) comprising at least one compound selected from phenylpropanoids, monoterpenoids, Flavonoids and any combination thereof. Phenylpropanoids such as Anethole and 2-Methoxy-5-prop-l-enylphenol (Isochavibetol), Monoterpenoids such as menthol, Citral, citronellal, linalool, borneol, terpineol, and myrtenol and Flavonoids such as flavones, aurones, , flavanones, chaicones, , and dihydrochalcone.

[0187] In some embodiments, the present invention provides fungicidal combination comprising flumetyl sulforim and Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound(s) selected from phenylpropanoids, monoterpenoids, Flavonoids and any combination thereof where Phenylpropanoids are selected from Anethole and 2-Methoxy-5-prop-l-enylphenol (Isochavibetol), Monoterpenoids selected from, menthol, citral, citronellal, linalool, borneol, terpineol, and myrtenol and Flavonoids selected from flavones, aurones, flavanones, chaicones, , and dihydrochalcone.

[0188] The present invention relates to fungicidal combination comprising at least two components: flumetyl sulforim and at least one compound isoprene unit-based compound selected from the group of phenylpropanoids, monoterpenoids, Flavonoids and any and all combination thereof.

[0189] Examples of suitable Phenylpropanoids potentially useful in the present invention include but are not limited to estragole, eugenol, acetyleugenol, Anethole and 2-Methoxy-5-prop-l-enylphenol (Isochavibetol).

[0190] In some embodiments, phenylpropanoid is estragole.

[0191] In some embodiments, phenylpropanoid is eugenol.

[0192] In some embodiments, phenylpropanoid is acetyleugenol.

[0193] In some embodiments, phenylpropanoid is Anethole

[0194] In some embodiments, phenylpropanoid is 2-Methoxy-5-prop-l-enylphenol (Isochavibetol). In some embodiments, phenylpropanoid comprises estragole.

[0195] In some embodiments, phenylpropanoid comprises eugenol.

[0196] In some embodiments, phenylpropanoid comprises acetyleugenol.

[0197] In some embodiments, phenylpropanoid comprises Anethole

[0198] In some embodiments, phenylpropanoid comprises 2-Methoxy-5-prop-l-enylphenol (Isochavibetol).

[0199] Examples of suitable Monoterpenoids potentially useful in the present invention include but are not limited to carvacrol, thymol, menthol, citral, citronellal, linalool, borneol, terpineol, and myrtenol.

[0200] In some embodiments, monoterpenoid is carvacrol.

[0201] In some embodiments, monoterpenoid is thymol.

[0202] In some embodiments, monoterpenoid is menthol.

[0203] In some embodiments, monoterpenoid is citral.

[0204] In some embodiments, monoterpenoid is citronellal.

[0205] In some embodiments, monoterpenoid is linalool.

[0206] In some embodiments, monoterpenoid is borneol.

[0207] In some embodiments, monoterpenoid is terpineol.

[0208] In some embodiments, monoterpenoid is myrtenol.

[0209] In some embodiments, monoterpenoid comprises carvacrol.

[0210] In some embodiments, monoterpenoid comprises thymol.

[0211] In some embodiments, monoterpenoid comprises menthol.

[0212] In some embodiments, monoterpenoid comprises citral.

[0213] In some embodiments, monoterpenoid comprises citronellal.

[0214] In some embodiments, monoterpenoid comprises linalool.

[0215] In some embodiments, monoterpenoid comprises borneol.

[0216] In some embodiments, monoterpenoid comprises terpineol. In some embodiments, monoterpenoid comprises myrtenol.

[0217] Examples of suitable Flavanoids potentially useful in the present invention include but are not limited to flavones, aurones, , flavanones, chaicones, and dihydrochalcone.

[0218] In some embodiments flavonoid is Flavanone.

[0219] In some embodiments flavonoid is Flavone.

[0220] In some embodiments flavonoid is Chaicone

[0221] In some embodiments flavonoid is aurones

[0222] In some embodiments flavonoid is dihydrochalcone

[0223] In some embodiments flavonoid comprises Flavanone.

[0224] In some embodiments flavonoid comprises Flavone.

[0225] In some embodiments flavonoid comprises Chaicone

[0226] In some embodiments flavonoid comprises dihydrochalcone

[0227] The combinations are more effective for treating a plant or soil against fungal and / or bacterial disease than if each fungicidal component in the combination, at the same amount is applied alone.

[0228] The present invention also provides a combination comprising Flumetyl sulforimenhancing compound(s) and Flumetyl sulforim for treating pathogen on plant.

[0229] In some embodiments, the plant is soybean.

[0230] In some embodiments, the bacterial disease is soybean rust.

[0231] The units g a.i. / Ha in reference to the Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound(s), below, refers to the amount in grams of the Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound(s) that is applied to each hectare, alone or in a composition, mixture etc.

[0232] In some embodiments, Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound(s) applied at rate of 50 g a.i. / ha.

[0233] In some embodiments, Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound(s) applied at rate between about 45-150 g a.i. / ha.

[0234] In some embodiments, Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound(s) applied at rate between about I -30g a.i. / ha.

[0235] In some embodiments, Flumetyl sulforim applied at rate of about 50-200 g a.i. / ha In some embodiments, Flumetyl sulforim applied at rate of about 75-125g a.i. / ha In some embodiments, Flumetyl sulforim applied at rate of about 100 g a.i. / ha

[0236] In some embodiments, the application rate of Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound(s) is about 45-150 g / ha and the application rate of the Flumetyl sulforim is about 100 g ai / ha.

[0237] In some embodiments, the application rate of Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound(s) is about l-30g ai / ha and the application rate of the Flumetylsulforim is between about 50-200 g ai / ha.

[0238] In some embodiments, the application rate of Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound(s) is about 50g ai / ha and the application rate of the Flumetylsulforim is between about 75-125 g ai / ha.

[0239] In some embodiments the weight ratio between the Flumetylsulforim to Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound(s) is about 2.2 : 1 to 0.6: 1

[0240] In some embodiments the weight ratio between the Flumetylsulforim to Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound(s) is about 200:1 to 6.6 : 1

[0241] In some embodiments the weight ratio between the Flumetylsulforim to Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound(s) is about 1.5:1 to 2.5:1

[0242] In some embodiments, Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound(s) is comprised of one or more natural extracts which each comprise at least one structure / source of the isoprene unit based Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound(s) such as, Flavanones, Flavones, etc. In some embodiments, Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound(s) comprises one or more of Carvacrol Estragole, Eugenol, Acetyl eugenol, Thymol and any combination thereof.

[0243] In some embodiments the component (1) is a composition comprises one or more of (a), (b), (c) Carvacrol, (d), (e) Estragole, (f) Eugenol, (g) Acetyl eugenol, (h) Thymol and (i) any combination of (a) to (h).

[0244] In some embodiments, component (1) is a mixture comprises one or more of (a), (b), (c) Carvacrol, (d) (e) Estragole, (f) Eugenol, (g) Acetyl eugenol, (h) Thymol and (i) any combination of (a) to (h).

[0245] In some embodiments, Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound [a.k.a. component (1) or Compound I], comprises one or more of (a), (b), (c) Carvacrol, (d), (e) Estragole, (f) Eugenol, (g) Acetyl eugenol, (h) Thymol and (i) any combination of (a) to (h). and the weight ratio between Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound and Flumetylsulforim is between 45:100 and 150:100.

[0246] In some embodiments, component (1) is, or comprises Carvacrol.

[0247] In some embodiments, component (1) is, or comprises Estragole.

[0248] In some embodiments, component (1) is, or comprises Eugenol. In some embodiments, component (1) is, or comprises Acetyl eugenol.

[0249] In some embodiments, component (1) is, or comprises Thymol.

[0250] In some embodiments, component (1) is not or comprises Carvacrol.

[0251] In some embodiments, component (1) is, or comprises Estragole.

[0252] In some embodiments, component (1) is, or comprises Eugenol.

[0253] In some embodiments, component (1) is, or comprises Acetyl eugenol.

[0254] In some embodiments, component (1) is, or comprises Thymol.

[0255] In some embodiments, the Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound (compound I) comprises naturally sourced Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound.

[0256] In noted embodiments the inventive combinations might comprise, additional component (3) pesticidal compound(s). In some embodiments the additional fungicidal component is a fungicide such as any of Qil fungicide, strobilurin fungicide, Qol fungicide, succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicide; triazole (azole) fungicide (DMI), morpholine fungicide, etc. these fungicide and those above may have previously been included to enhance the efficacy of Flumetyl sulforim, though clearly enhancement with relatively environmentally safer Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compounds is preferred.

[0257] In any event being able to enhance the efficacy of Flumetyl sulforim with a Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound having less of a deleterious effect on the environment than heretofore known synthetic pesticides as efficacy enhancing agents, must clearly be advantageous.

[0258] In some noted embodiments based on mixtures of the efficacy-enhancing group of fungicides together with fungicides exemplified by a compound represented by the following structure,

[0259]

[0260] , the invenpveadditional combination with the compound I-based compounds, can allow a reduction in the content of the efficacy-enhancing fungicide by 25% or more compared with the “fungicidally effective amount” of that fungicide, as defined herein without loss of activity. In some noted embodiments based on mixtures of the efficacy-enhancing group of fungicides together with Flumetyl sulforim represented by the following structure,

[0261]

[0262] the inventive additional combination with the Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound(s) can allow a reduction in the content of all of each of the efficacy-enhancing fungicides, and / or the Flumetyl sulforim by between about 10-50% compared with the fungi cidally effective amount of the combination of the same efficacy-enhancing fungicide together with Flumetyl sulforim without loss of activity.

[0263] Most commonly the reduction in fungicide content is between about 20% and about 40% without loss of fungicidal efficacy.

[0264] Typically, the level of fungicidal performance encountered with these inventive combinations of Flumetyl sulforim with reduced content of efficacy-enhancing fungicides is actually improved when in combination with Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compounds as compared to mixtures of the Flumetyl sulforim with the previously encountered unreduced content of the same efficacy-enhancing fungicides without the herein disclosed Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compounds.

[0265] In some embodiments, the combination further comprises an additional component (3) fungicide.

[0266] wherein the combinations are more effective for treating a plant or soil against fungal and / or bacterial disease than if each component at the same amount is applied alone, and wherein if present, the amounts of compounds comprising component (3) or other fungicides are advantageously reduced compared to the amounts in previously encountered fungicidal combinations.

[0267] The present invention also provides as embodiments, a combination of at least two components: (1) flumetyl sulforim (2) an amount of at least one Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound wherein the amount of flumetyl sulforim and amount of Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound if applied together or in concert, etc., is more effective for treating plant or soil against fungal and / or bacterial infection than if each component at the same amount is applied alone without the other. The present invention also provides as embodiments, a combination of at least two components: (1) flumetylsulforim (2) an amount of at least one Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound wherein the amount of the flumetylsulforim is less than the fungicidally effective amount of that flumetylsulforim used alone rather than in the combination.

[0268] Thus, in many embodiments the Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound is an efficacy enhancer agent for Flumetylsulforim and considering the environmentally acceptable nature of many of these compounds, it would not be far-fetched to refer to a significant portion of them as environmentally safer fungicide efficacy enhancement agents.

[0269] In some embodiments, where the combination comprises a third component (3) comprising one or more efficacy / performance-enhancing fungicides,

[0270] wherein the amount of efficacy-enhancing fungicide in the combination is less than when the fungicidally effective amount of that efficacy-enhancing fungicide is used with the same fungicide compound represented by the following structure,

[0271]

[0272] alone and not in combination with Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound (1), or when the mixture of the fungicides of component (2) are used in absence of the Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound.

[0273] In some embodiments the additional fungicides are efficacy-enhancing fungicides which have been added to enhance the efficacy of Flumetylsulforim, although as discussed above, it is hoped that combinations of Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound compounds may well obviate the need for them.

[0274] In some embodiments, minimal amounts of efficacy / performance-enhancing fungicide in component (3) are used in order to boost the fungicidally enhancing effects of the Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound on the fungicide compound represented by the following structure.

[0275]

[0276] Without wishing to be bound by any theory, it may be that the function of the heretofore known efficacy-enhancing fungicides are changed when combined with the Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compounds and they are not themselves antifungal to an appreciable degree in the combination, but rather as explained above, simply able to significantly enhance the activity of the Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound in boosting the fungicidal activity of the component (2) fungicide, this may explain why such drastic reductions in efficacy-enhancing fungicide are made possible in the inventive combinations herein disclosed.

[0277] The present invention also provides as embodiments a combination comprising at least two components: component (1) an amount of Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound, and as component (2), an amount of 5-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-4-imino-3-methyl-l-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]-2(lH)-pyrimidinone.

[0278] As many of the Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compounds in the inventive combinations are safer and / or lack deleterious effects they may be used in wide ranges of amounts and ratios with the Flumetyl sulforim.

[0279] Thus, in the illustrative compositions and combinations the effective amounts of Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound in the list of ingredients vary greatly to allow for as wide a range of use as the researcher finds advantageous without wishing to limit the amount in the combination. This wide breadth of useable amounts of Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound(s) reflects the advantages that may be gained by using excess Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound even beyond what is required for simply enhancing the fungicidal efficacy of 5-fluoro-4-imino-3-methyl-l-tosyl-3,4 dihydropyrimidin-2(lH)-one, which may include plant health benefits and other advantages discussed herein which are concomitant with their use.

[0280] However, typically concentrated compositions containing the inventive combinations, comprise between greater than zero and up to about 10% of the Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound based on the weight of the whole composition that also includes Flumetylsulforim. Once these compositions are diluted prior to application the percentage content will clearly be reduced through dilution.

[0281] Thus, in some embodiments the invention is a composition comprising a multicomponent combination wherein Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound and Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound comprises between greater than 0 and 10% by weight of the entire composition. In noted embodiments the Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound comprises but is not limited to natural, naturally sourced or derived Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound. In some circumstances the naturally sourced Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound includes at least a portion of one or more synthetic Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound without departing from the invention.

[0282] In some embodiments, the Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound is comprised of one or more extracts which each comprise at least one structure / source of Flumetyl sulforimenhancing compound.

[0283] In some embodiments, the inventive combination further comprises at least one additional Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound ingredient.

[0284] In some embodiments, wherein the fungicides of component (3) are included as additional fungicide they can be selected from any fungicidal compound that is found to be beneficially included with the component (2) fungicide.

[0285] In some embodiments the combinations of Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound, and Flumetylsulforim does not require any further fungicide. In some embodiments additional fungicides added to the inventive combinations can provide further advantages.

[0286] In some embodiments comprising three component combinations, a mixture of Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound and efficacy-enhancing fungicide of component (3) are provided as a single composition for combining with separately prepared or obtained composition(s) of the Flumetylsulforim, before application.

[0287] In several embodiments this combining is accomplished by mixing both types of composition in a Tank-mix, or else, the two compositions are applied separately in any of simultaneous, contemporaneous, concomitant, sequential and / or

[0288] succession / successive applications.

[0289] In some embodiments comprising three component combinations comprising two different efficacy-enhancing fungicides as component (3), a mixture of Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound and one of the efficacy-enhancing fungicides of component (3) are provided as a single composition for combining with separately prepared or obtained composition(s) of Flumetylsulforim and the other of the efficacyenhancing fungicides compounds of component (3), before application.

[0290] In several embodiments this combining is accomplished by mixing both types of composition in a Tank-mix, or else, the two compositions are applied separately in any of simultaneous, contemporaneous, concomitant, sequential and / or succession / successive applications.

[0291] As can be appreciated, mixtures of Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound with efficacy-enhancing fungicides can be considered an integral part of the invention and the embodiments of the instant invention where the amounts or concentrations of the efficacy-enhancing fungicides are significantly below the levels required to have a fungicidal effect. As can be immediately appreciated and / or understood, such a mixture of a Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound together with sub-therapeutic negligibly fungicidal content of efficacy-enhancing fungicide compound, can be usefully considered as having only practical utility as a fungicidal combination when combined with Flumetyl sulforim rather than any simple fungicidal product of commerce as they are not significantly fungicidal alone given their sub-efficacious content. Thus, such a combination of Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound and a minimal content of efficacy-enhancing fungicide compound (3) can be termed a combination of Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound and efficacy-enhancing fungicide compounds, adapted for use in preparing the multi-component combinations of the invention where this combination behaves to enhance the effect of the Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound. These mixtures of Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound(s) with efficacyenhancing fungicide compounds can usefully be provided in kit form together with a separate mixture of Flumetyl sulforim.

[0292] Without being bound by any theory, to the extent that the invention can be viewed in one aspect, as a method of enhancing the fungicidal effect of Flumetylsulforim, by combining said fungicide compound with Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound, the minimal amounts of efficacy-enhancing fungicides used in the above embodiments can be viewed as boosting the fungicidal-enhancing power of the Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound, rather than displaying any significant pesticidal efficacy or even directly affecting the Flumetylsulforim itself.

[0293] Efforts to reduce the amounts of fungicides introduced into the environment are generally appreciated and thus if Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound can allow for the effective fungicidal control by Flumetylsulforim without any other fungicides being needed as efficacy enhancers, an advantage to the environment is clear.

[0294] If the minimum fungi cidally effective amount of Flumetylsulforim for a particular pathogen is reduced, a clear advantage is achieved. In some embodiments, the combination of the invention, comprises Flumetyl sulforimenhancing compound and compound I.

[0295] In some embodiments, the combination of the invention, comprises Flumetyl sulforimenhancing compound and the compound represented by the following structure,

[0296]

[0297] Generally, the Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound(s) can be used either in solid or liquid form.

[0298] For illustrative purposes, typical embodiments of the liquid forms of the Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound(s) include a liquid comprising any of 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5%, 15%, 17.5%, 20%, 22.5%, 25%, 27.5%, 30%, 32.5%, 35%, 37.5%, 40%, 42.5% or 45%, of mixtures of several, often naturally sourced or derived water-soluble Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound illustrated above. It may often be the type of formulation and the method of combination with the Flumetyl sulforim which will be the deciding factor of which Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound compound is best. For example, qualities such as hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity or for that matter acidity or alkalinity may be more relevant to different formulation types. It is perhaps the breadth of such options that add to the advantages of using this type of efficacy enhancement agent.

[0299] In typical concentrated compositions the Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound(s) comprises between greater than zero and about 10% by weight or volume of the entire composition comprising the combination of the Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound(s) and the flumetyl sulforim. Once these compositions are diluted prior to application the percentage content will be reduced through dilution.

[0300] Clearly, use of compositions comprising different numerical percentage content of Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound i.e. in dilute or concentrated forms, do not depart from the scope of this invention in any way but rather these above exemplified percentages make the calculations of ratios of components easier to compute.

[0301] In the embodiments herein listed, tabulated, and / or alluded to, the content of Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound(s) is often, between about lOg / ha and about 350g / ha, and in several common instances the content of Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound is between about 40g / ha and about 90g / ha exemplified as, though not limed to, between 43.75g / ha and 87.5g / ha. Environmentally safe, Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compounds may be used over and above their minimum requirements, due to the lack of deleterious effects of an overage. In contrast, in some formulating embodiments the content of Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound is often measured or calculated as a weight percentage or as a concentration of the entire composition or combination.

[0302] Typically, a formulator using this approach will add between greater than zero percent and about 10% of the Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound(s) by weight of the entire composition, these compositions are of the concentrated variety intended for dilution prior to fungicidal (pesticidal) application.

[0303] To be clear, when discussing the content of an agriculturally applied ingredient in an agricultural composition, particularly in concentrated form, it is often convenient to refer to the intended rate of application. For example, an ingredient content described as lOg / ha in a concentrate designed to be diluted before use, is understood to be an amount of that ingredient that when diluted and applied from a typical Tank-mix dilution and liquid spraying rates (e.g., 150 L / ha), will be applied lOg / ha. When the content of an ingredient in an agricultural composition is defined by g a.i. / ha, it is clear that the concentrate has the same content even if the final dilution and / or spray rate is changed, this however is an accepted description of such ingredient content in agriculture.

[0304] As mentioned, the inclusion of further fungicides to the inventive combinations does not in any way depart from the scope of this invention, even if the additional fungicide is ultimately shown to be superfluous or even somewhat detrimental to the level of effect or improvement achieved by implementing the invention.

[0305] In some embodiments, the combination of the invention, comprises between about lOg / ha and 350g / ha of Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound(s) and 5-fluoro-4-imino-3-methyl-l-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(lH)-one fungicide or between greater than zero and about ten percent of Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound(s) by weight of the composition comprising the combination.

[0306] In some embodiments, the combination of the invention, comprises a composition containing the combination of the invention adapted for application of between about lOg / ha and 350g / ha of Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound(s) and application of between about 1 g / ha to 500 g / ha of a 5-fluoro-4-imino-3-(alkyl or substituted alkyl)- 1 -(arylsulfonyl)-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(lH)-one fungicide In some noted embodiments, the 5-fluoro-4-imino-3-(alkyl or substituted alkyl)- 1-(arylsulfonyl)-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(lH)-one fungicide Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound(s)s Flumetyl sulforim, CAS number 1616664-98-2, applied at an amount from 1 g / ha to 500 g / ha .

[0307] In some embodiments the Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound(s) is utilized in the same manner as an agricultural adjuvant without being dependant on the amount or content of the flumetyl sulforim and thus may be optimized in the same way as previously used adjuvants.

[0308] In some embodiments, the Flumetyl sulforim is applied at an amount from 1 g / Ha - 500 g / Ha. In some embodiments, the Flumetyl sulforim is applied at an amount from 5 g / ha to 120 g / ha. In some embodiments, the Flumetylsulforim is applied at an amount from 1 g / ha to 100 g / ha. In some embodiments, the Flumetylsulforim is applied at an amount from 1 g / ha to 75 g / ha. In some embodiments, the Flumetylsulforim is applied at an amount from 1 g / ha to 50 g / ha. In some embodiments, the Flumetylsulforim is applied at an amount from 1 g / ha to 25 g / ha. In some embodiments, the Flumetylsulforim is applied at an amount from 1 g / ha to 15 g / ha. In some embodiments, the Flumetylsulforim is applied at an amount from 2 g / ha to 13 g / ha. In some embodiments, the Flumetylsulforim is applied at an amount from 5 g / ha to 10 g / ha.

[0309] In some embodiments, the Flumetylsulforim is applied at an amount from 15 g / ha to 100 g / ha.

[0310] In some embodiments, the Flumetylsulforim is applied at an amount from about 60g a.i. / ha to about 140 g / ha.

[0311] In some embodiments, the Flumetylsulforim is applied at an amount of about 5 g / ha. In some embodiments, the Flumetylsulforim is applied at an amount of about 6.25 g / ha. In some embodiments, the Flumetylsulforim is applied at an amount of about 10 g / ha. In some embodiments, the Flumetylsulforim is applied at an amount of about 12.5 g / ha. In some embodiments, the Flumetylsulforim is applied at an amount of about 75 g / ha. In some embodiments, the Flumetylsulforim is applied at an amount of about 100 g / ha. In some embodiments, the Flumetylsulforim is applied at an amount of about 125 g / ha. In some embodiments, the Flumetylsulforim is applied at an amount of about 150 g / ha. In some embodiments, the Flumetylsulforim is applied at an amount of about 300 g / ha. In some embodiments, the Flumetylsulforim is applied at an amount of about 500 g / ha. As is well understood in this art of formulating pesticidal compositions, it is a common convention to refer to the content of an active ingredient in a pesticide composition in terms of the intended rate of application in grams active ingredient per hectare [g a.i. / Ha], rather than the percentage content by weight or volume of the formulated composition. This is often the case given that compositions are often formulated as concentrates which are rarely applied as such but rather, they are intended for typical dilutions to final volume in typical spray tanks for application at typical volumes of spray per hectare. Such that the compositions of the inventive combinations for use in the spary rate embodiments above can be expressed as follows.

[0312] So as to encompass both the diluted spray mix (Tank-mix) and the concentrate(s) from which it is prepared by dilution, the following compositions refer to both when the concentrate is simply diluted to the application rate referred to below.

[0313] In some embodiments, the combination of the invention, comprises a composition containing between about lOg / ha and 350g / ha of flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound, and between about 1 g / ha to 500 g / ha Flumetyl sulforim.

[0314] In some embodiments, the composition comprises the Flumetyl sulforim at an amount from 5 g / ha to 120 g / ha.

[0315] In some embodiments, the composition comprises the Flumetyl sulforim at an amount from 1 g / ha to 100 g / ha.

[0316] In some embodiments, the composition comprises the Flumetyl sulforim at an amount from 1 g / ha to 75 g / ha.

[0317] In some embodiments, the composition comprises the Flumetyl sulforim at an amount from 1 g / ha to 50 g / ha.

[0318] In some embodiments, the composition comprises the Flumetyl sulforim at an amount from 1 g / ha to 25 g / ha.

[0319] In some embodiments, the composition comprises the Flumetyl sulforim at an amount from 1 g / ha to 15 g / ha.

[0320] In some embodiments, the composition comprises the Flumetyl sulforim at an amount from 2 g / ha to 13 g / ha.

[0321] In some embodiments, the composition comprises the Flumetyl sulforim at an amount from 5 g / ha to 10 g / ha.

[0322] In some embodiments, the composition comprises the Flumetyl sulforim at an amount from 15 g / ha to 100 g / ha.

[0323] In some embodiments, the composition comprises the flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound at an amount of about 5 g / ha. In some embodiments, the composition comprises the flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound at an amount of about 6.25 g / ha.

[0324] In some embodiments, the composition comprises the flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound at an amount of about 10 g / ha.

[0325] In some embodiments, the composition comprises the flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound at an amount of about 12.5 g / ha.

[0326] In some embodiments, the composition comprises the flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound at an amount of about 75 g / ha.

[0327] In some embodiments, the composition comprises the flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound at an amount of about 85 g / ha.

[0328] In some embodiments, the composition comprises the flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound at an amount of about 115 g a.i. / ha.

[0329] In some embodiments, the composition comprises the flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound at an amount of about 100 g / ha. In some embodiments, the composition comprises the compound at an amount of about about 125 g / ha.

[0330] In some embodiments, the composition comprises the flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound at an amount of about 150 g / ha.

[0331] In some embodiments, the composition comprises the flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound at an amount of about 160 g / ha.

[0332] In some embodiments, the composition comprises the flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound at an amount of about 170 g / ha.

[0333] In some embodiments, the composition comprises the flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound at an amount of about 300 g / ha.

[0334] In some embodiments, the flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound is applied at an amount of about 500 g / ha.

[0335] Examples of the type of adaptation for controlling or establishing the intended rates of application of compositions containing the combinations, include providing the composition as a single composition of the two components in a fixed ratio as either a ready to spray composition including directions for the rate at which the composition should be applied for each hectare, or a kit containing concentrated compositions of each compomponent with directions of how much of each must be mixed and diluted in a Tank-mix together with directions of the rate at which the obtained Tank mix should be applied per hectare. Similarly, where there are fixed spraytank volumes and standard dilution rates, simply providing the appropriate ratio of components will ensure that the rates are applied and thus the fixed amounts of each component in the composition will be such an adaptation, as by simply diluting and spraying at standard spray rates will result in the appropriate spray rates. To the normally skilled practictioner of these arts other adaptations to control spray rates by establishing composition contents will be apparent and often known in the formulating arts.

[0336] Commonly encountered spray rates of the flumetyl sulforim in the compositions are between about Ig / ha and about 500g / ha such as, between 15 g a.i. / Ha and 100 g a.i. / Ha, and thus it useful in that example, to refer to the content of the compositions as being adapted so as to contain 15 g a.i. / Ha and 100 g a.i. / Ha flumetyl sulforim.

[0337] As a non-limiting example, employing the inventive combinations of flumetyl sulforimenhancing compound and flumetyl sulforim, a spray rate of between about 0.2 ppm and about 8.4 ppm, such as 0.18ppm, 1.18ppm, 2.56ppm, 2.27ppm, 8.41ppm etc., of tankmix or ready mix flumetyl sulforim is sufficient to achieve enhanced performance, control and or protection (curative or protectant), as compared with the same amount sprayed in the abscence of the flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound.

[0338] In some embodiments, the combination of the invention, comprises a composition containing the combination of the invention adapted for application of between about lOg / ha and 350g / ha of flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound and application of between about Ig / ha and about 500g / ha of Flumetyl sulforim although rates within a narrower range are more typical.

[0339] In some embodiments, the combination of the invention, comprises a composition containing the combination of the invention adapted for application of between about lOg / ha and 350g / ha of flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound and application of between about Ig / ha and about 500g / ha of a 5-fluoro-4-imino-3-(alkyl or substituted alkyl)-l-(arylsulfonyl)-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(lH)-one fungicide as component (2) and a different additional pesticide fungicide as component (3).

[0340] Wherein component (2) is exemplified typically by Flumetyl sulforim and non-limiting application rates include, 1 g / ha to 500 g / ha of component (2), such as some illustrative rate ranges displayed below.

[0341] Non-limiting examples of spray rates of flumetyl sulforim include being selected from the group of,

[0342] from 5 g / ha to 120 g / ha; from 1 g / ha to 100 g / ha; from 1 g / ha to 75 g / ha; from 1 g / ha to 50 g / ha; from 1 g / ha to 25 g / ha; from 1 g / ha to 15 g / ha;

[0343] from 2 g / ha to 13 g / ha; from 5 g / ha to 10 g / ha;from 15 g / ha to 100 g / ha; about 5 g / ha; about 6.25 g / ha; about 10 g / ha; about 12.5 g / ha;about 15 g a.i. / ha; about 75 g / ha; about 100 g / ha; about 125 g / ha; about 150 g / ha; about 300 g / ha; and

[0344] about 500 g / ha.

[0345] In some embodiments , a composition containing the inventive combination comprises Flumetylsulforim in an amount ranging from about 0.1 % to 90 % by weight based on the total weight of the composition, sometimes from about 0.1% to 20% by weight based on the total weight of the composition.

[0346] In some embodiments , the amount of the compound Flumetylsulforim in the composition is from about 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, or 5% to about 90%, 93%, 95%, 98%, or 99% by weight based on the total weight of the composition. The formulation types of the compositions comprising the inventive compositions will be often dependent on the use environment and the physical and chemical characteristics of the ingredients and other typical formulation considerations, some will be more optimum than others in individual situations. Obviously, a concentrated formulation will have a far higher active ingredient content than a ready to spray or diluted tank mix, which may contain added adjuvants.

[0347] In some embodiments, the amount of Flumetylsulforim in the composition is from about 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, or 5% to about 90%, 93%, 95%, 98%, or 99% by weight based on the total weight of the composition.

[0348] In some embodiments, the amount of Flumetylsulforim in the composition is about 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90% or 95% by weight based on the total weight of the composition.

[0349] In some embodiments, the amount of Flumetylsulforim in the composition is about 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90% or 95% by weight based on the total weight of the composition.

[0350] While the Flumetylsulforim-Enhancing Compound(s), is often safe over a very wide range of concentrations without departing from the invention, it is often practically convenient to employ particular concentrations for formulation considerations. In dilute environments the Flumetylsulforim might act akin to an adjuvant far exceeding the amount that might be included in a concentrate simply from solubility and stability point of view.

[0351] In some embodiments, the combination of the invention, comprises between about lOg / ha and 350g / ha, typically about 40g / ha and about 90g / ha such as, between about 43.75g / ha and 87.5g / ha of Flumetylsulforim-Enhancing Compound such as about 52 g / Ha; and between about Ig / ha and about 500g / ha of Flumetylsulforim-Enhancing combined with, additional fungi ci des, wherein, non-limiting examples of Flumetylsulforim-Enhancing Compound content in the combinations are,

[0352] from 5 g / ha to 120 g / ha; from 1 g / ha to 100 g / ha; from 15 g / ha to 100 g / ha;

[0353] from 1 g / ha to 75 g / ha; from 1 g / ha to 50 g / ha;

[0354] from 1 g / ha to 25 g / ha: from 1 g / ha to 15 g / ha: from 2 g / ha to 13 g / ha; from 5 g / ha to 10 g / ha; from 15 g / ha to 100 g / ha; about 5 g / ha; about 6.25 g / ha; about 10 g / ha; about 12.5 g / ha; about 15 g a.i. / ha; about 75 g / ha; about 100 g / ha; about 125 g / ha; about 150 g / ha; about 300 g / ha; and

[0355] about 500 g / ha.

[0356] In some embodiments, the combination of the invention, comprises between about lOg / ha and 350g / ha typically about 40g / ha-90g / ha (e.g., 43.8 - 87.5 g / ha) of Flumetylsulforim-Enhancing Compound and between about Ig / ha and about 500g / ha of Flumetylsulforim , combined with different additional pesticide(s) such as fungicide, selected from about 200g / ha-500g / ha, typically about 300g / ha or about 400g / ha-1200g / ha commonly about 700g / ha; about 400g / ha-1500g / ha commonly about 700g / ha, wherein each range relates to the commonly encountered rates of application for different optional different additional pesticide(s).

[0357] In some embodiments, the combination of the invention, comprises between about lOg / ha and 350g / ha of Flumetylsulforim-Enhancing Compound between about Ig / ha and about 500g / ha of Flumetylsulforim and one or more different additional pesticidal compound, Flumetylsulforim content in the combinations are,

[0358] from 5 g / ha to 120 g / ha; from 1 g / ha to 100 g / ha; from 15 g / ha to 100 g / ha; from 1 g / ha to 75 g / ha; from 1 g / ha to 50 g / ha; from 1 g / ha to 25 g / ha: from 1 g / ha to 15 g / ha: from 2 g / ha to 13 g / ha; from 5 g / ha to 10 g / ha; from 15 g / ha to 100 g / ha;about 5 g / ha; about 6.25 g / ha; about 10 g / ha; about 12.5 g / ha;about 15 g a.i. / ha; about 75 g / ha; about 100 g / ha; about 125 g / ha; about 150 g / ha; about 300 g / ha; and about 500 g / ha.

[0359] In some embodiments, the combination of the invention, comprises between about lOg / ha and 350g / ha of Flumetylsulforim-Enhancing Compound, between about Ig / ha and about 500g / ha of Flumetylsulforimand additional fungicidal compound(s). wherein, non-limiting examples of Flumetyl sulforim content in the combinations are, from 5 g / ha to 120 g / ha;

[0360] from 1 g / ha to 100 g / ha; from 15 g / ha to 100 g / ha; from 1 g / ha to 75 g / ha; from 1 g / ha to 50 g / ha; from 1 g / ha to 25 g / ha: from 1 g / ha to 15 g / ha: from 2 g / ha to 13 g / ha; from 5 g / ha to 10 g / ha; from 15 g / ha to 100 g / ha; about 5 g / ha; about 6.25 g / ha; about 10 g / ha; about 12.5 g / ha; about 15 g a.i. / ha; about 75 g / ha; about 100 g / ha; about 125 g / ha; about 150 g / ha; about 300 g / ha; and

[0361] about 500 g / ha.

[0362] In some embodiments, the combination of the invention, comprises between about lOg / ha and 350g / ha, typically about 40g / ha and about 90g / ha such as, between about 43.75g / ha and 87.5g / ha of Flumetyl sulforim-Enhancing Compound and between about Ig / ha and about 500g / ha of Flumetyl sulforim, often combined with one or more different additional pesticidal compound(s)as component (3), wherein, non-limiting examples of Flumetyl sulforimcontent in the combinations are,

[0363] from 1 g / ha to 500 g / ha; from 5 g / ha to 120 g / ha; from 1 g / ha to 100 g / ha; from 15 g / ha to 100 g / ha; from 1 g / ha to 75 g / ha; from 1 g / ha to 50 g / ha;

[0364] from 1 g / ha to 25 g / ha: from 1 g / ha to 15 g / ha: from 2 g / ha to 13 g / ha; from 5 g / ha to 10 g / ha;

[0365] from 15 g / ha to 100 g / ha;about 5 g / ha; about 6.25 g / ha; about 10 g / ha;

[0366] about 12.5 g / ha;about 15 g a.i. / ha; about 75 g / ha; about 100 g / ha;

[0367] about 125 g / ha;about 150 g / ha; about 300 g / ha; and about 500 g / ha.

[0368] In noted embodiments comprising flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound and flumetyl sulforim, and one or more different additional non-fungicidal pesticide compound(s).

[0369] Of course, in many circumstances the inventive combinations are useful in compositions without any further pesticidally active ingredients at all, other than the combination of flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound and flumetyl sulforim together with additives suitable for agricultural application,

[0370] wherein, in the above embodiments Flumetyl sulforim content in the combinations are from 1 g / Ha - 500 g / Ha selected from the group including,

[0371] from 5 g / ha to 120 g / ha; from 1 g / ha to 100 g / ha; from 15 g / ha to 100 g / ha;from 1 g / ha to 75 g / ha;

[0372] from 1 g / ha to 50 g / ha; from 1 g / ha to 25 g / ha; from 1 g / ha to 15 g / ha:from 2 g / ha to 13 g / ha;

[0373] from 5 g / ha to 10 g / ha; from 15 g / ha to 100 g / ha; about 5 g / ha; about 6.25 g / ha; about 10 g / ha; about 12.5 g / ha; about 15 g a.i. / ha; about 75 g / ha; about 100 g / ha; about 125 g / ha; about 150 g / ha; about 300 g / ha; and about 500 g / ha.

[0374] In particular embodiments the combination of the invention is prepared by combining a composition of flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound with a 1stadditional pesticidal compound with a separate composition of flumetyl sulforim, and optionally a 2nddifferent additional pesticidal compound . The preparative combining can be at the point of use or Tank-mix from a kit or from separate commercially available compositions etc., comprising the two compositions, or from compositions with instructions or otherwise adapted to be combined within the scope of this invention.

[0375] In some embodiments, the combination is a mixture. In some embodiments the combination is a kit of parts intended or adapted for mixing before application. In some embodiments the parts of the kit are individual compositions that are both diluted combined and / or mixed.

[0376] In some embodiments, the weight ratio of the flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound to flumetyl sulforim in any combination disclosed or alluded to herein is from about 1:100 to about 100:1

[0377] In some embodiments, the weight ratio of the flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound to flumetyl sulforim in any combination disclosed or alluded to herein is from about 1:25 to about 25:1. In some embodiments, the weight ratio of the flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound to flumetylsulforim in any combination disclosed or alluded to herein is from about 1 : 10 to 10: 1. In some embodiments, the weight ratio of the flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound to flumetylsulforim in any combination disclosed or alluded to herein is from about 1 :5 to 5: 1. In some embodiments, the weight ratio of the flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound to flumetylsulforim in any combination disclosed or alluded to herein is from about 1 :2 to 2: 1.

[0378] In some embodiments, the weight ratio of flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound to flumetylsulforim in any combination disclosed or alluded to herein is, from, about 0.3:1 to about 1.8:1; from, about 0.35:1 to about 1.6:1; from about 0.4:1 to about 1.55:1; from about 0.45:1 to about 1.5:1; from, about 0.25:1 to about 1.9:1; from, about 0.4:1 to about 1.4:1 . In some crop environments and some pathogens, the range of ratios might be found to be narrowed or widened, by the sensitivity / insensitivity of the crop plants or of the pathogen to either or both of the components.

[0379] In some embodiments, the weight ratio of flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound to flumetyl sulforim in any combination disclosed or alluded to herein is selected from, no more than; 1.9:1; no more than 1.8:1; no more than 1.7:1; and no more than 1.6:1 depending on the crop, the pathogen being addressed the specific enhancing compound and the concentration of the applied compounds in the applied spray mix.

[0380] In some embodiments, the weight ratio of flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound to flumetyl sulforim in any combination disclosed or alluded to herein is selected from, no less than 0.2:1; no less than 0.25:1; no less than 0.3:1; no less than 0.35:1; and no less than 0.4:1; depending on the crop, the pathogen being addressed the specific enhancing compound and the concentration of the applied compounds in the applied spray mix. The benefits obtainable by limiting the ranges for application rates and ratios for some of the compounds tested has been one of the surprising aspects of this startling discovery. Some compound were found to be excellent enhancement agents at one concentration or ratio of application while seeming to lack utility at contrasting concentrations. Similarly, some compounds were surprisingly found to be innocuous at the tested enhancing concentrations and ratios, while possible harm to crop plants could be envisioned at higher concentrations or ratios. This aspect of adherence to parameteers is part of the invention.

[0381] In some embodiments the combination of flumetyl sulforim and flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound is pesticidally efficacious though due to the choice of the Isoprene unit based compound, the enhanced efficacy is most prominent in addressing pests other than fungi such as microbial, arthropodal, mollusk or viral pests and the like, the principle remains the same as regards advantages of combination of flumetyl sulforimenhancing compound and flumetyl sulforim selected from any, some or all of, Phenylpropanoids; Monoterpenoids, monoterpenes, flavones, Flavonoids, terpenes, terpenoids, flavones, flavonoids, eugenol, acetyl eugenol, Anethole, 2-Methoxy-5-prop-1-enylphenol (Isochavibetol), carvacrol, thymol, menthol, Citral, citronellal, linalool, borneol, terpineol, myrtenol, flavones, aurones, flavanones, chaicones, and dihydrochalcone.

[0382] In some embodiments the invention is a multi-component combination of one or more compounds comprising one or more of monoterpenoids, flavones, flavonoids, eugenol, acetyl eugenol, Anethole, 2-Methoxy-5-prop-l-enylphenol (Isochavibetol), carvacrol, thymol, menthol, Citral, citronellal, linalool, borneol, terpineol, myrtenol, flavones, aurones, flavanones, chaicones, and dihydrochalcone, such as an extract, and flumetyl sulforim.

[0383] In some embodiments the Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compounds are natural or naturally sourced compounds which have no significant deleterious environmental impact across a wide range of amounts.

[0384] In some embodiments the flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound is water soluble. As mentioned throughout this disclosure in many embodiments the flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound may be, or may include any of naturally sourced or derived flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compounds such as one or more of, 2-Methoxy-5-prop-l-enylphenol, Acetyl eugenol, Anethole, Estragole, Eugenol, Carvacrol, , Thymol, menthol, citral, linalool , borneol, terpineol, myrtenol, aurenol, flavanone, flavone, chaicone and dihydrochalcone.

[0385] In some embodiments, the inventive combination of Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound and flumetyl sulforim comprises an improved combination in that it reduces the level of environmentally injurious impact if any, or the known detrimental environmental impacts of one or more of the additional fungicides that are included in the combination for example as efficacy enhancement agents, as compared to when they are each employed independently without the flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound. In some embodiments, the inventive combination comprises an improved combination in that it is synergistic, inter alia, in its fungicidal efficacy, or other beneficial attribute associated with any one or more of the active compounds that are included in the combination as compared to when they are each employed independently.

[0386] In some embodiments, the combination comprises improved combinations in that they are synergistic, inter alia, in their fungicidal efficacy, or other beneficial attribute associated with the combination of flumetyl sulforim (and additional pesticidal compounds), when present, that are included in the combination together with flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound as compared to when only flumetyl sulforim and additional pesticide component when present, is employed in the absence of flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound. In many embodiments it is the improvement in the agricultural activity of the component (2) that is most significant, and not any reduction in the amount applied that simply maintains the typical application rates with improved efficacy. In some embodiments, the combination comprises an improved combination in that the amount of the Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound and the amount of

[0387] flumetyl sulforim are more effective in combination application as described previously, for treating a plant or locus against fungal and / or bacterial infection than when the amount of the Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound and the amount of

[0388] flumetyl sulforimare applied alone without the other.

[0389] In some embodiments, the combination of the invention comprises an improved combination in that the amount of the Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound (1), and the amount of Flumetyl sulforim are more effective for treating a plant or locus against fungal and / or bacterial / microbial infection if applied in combination than if the same amount of the component (2) is not applied in combination with the same amount of the Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound.

[0390] In some embodiments, the combination comprises an improved combination in that the amount of the Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound is more effective for treating a plant or locus against fungal infection if applied in combination with the amount of the component (2) comprising Flumetyl sulforim than if the same amount of the Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound is not applied in combination with the same amount of the Flumetylsulforim.

[0391] In some embodiments, the combination comprises an improved combination in that the amount of the Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound improves the fungicidal efficacy of the amount of the flumetylsulforimcompared to when the same amount of the fungicide(s) is applied not in combination with the amount of the Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound.

[0392] In some embodiments, the locus is soil.

[0393] In some embodiments, the combination comprises an improved combination in that the amount of the Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound improves the beneficial effects of applying the amount of the flumetylsulforim compared to when the same amount of the fungi cide(s) is not applied in combination with the amount of the Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound. These beneficial effects are any of improved emergence, crop yields, protein content, oil content, starch content, more developed root system (improved root growth), improved stress tolerance or improved non biotic stress mitigation (e.g. against drought, heat, salt, UV, water, cold), reduced ethylene (reduced production and / or inhibition of reception), reduced phytotoxicity, increase in plant height, bigger leaf blade, less dead basal leaves, stronger tillers, greener leaf color, pigment content, photosynthetic activity, less input needed (such as fertilizers or water), less seeds needed, more productive tillers, earlier flowering, early grain maturity, less plant verse (lodging), shortening of stalks, increased diameter of stalks, increased shoot growth, enhanced plant vigor, increased plant stand and early and better germination. In some embodiments, the invention comprises an adapted composition of the flumetyl sulforim wherein the adaptation is to provide beneficial effects when brought into contact with plants which benefits are any, some or all of, improved emergence, crop yields, protein content, oil content, starch content, more developed root system (improved root growth), improved stress tolerance or improved non biotic stress mitigation (e.g. against drought, heat, salt, UV, water, cold), reduced ethylene (reduced production and / or inhibition of reception), reduced phytotoxicity, increase in plant height, bigger leaf blade, less dead basal leaves, stronger tillers, greener leaf color, pigment content, photosynthetic activity, less input needed (such as fertilizers or water), less seeds needed, more productive tillers, earlier flowering, early grain maturity, less plant verse (lodging), shortening of stalks, increased diameter of stalks, increased shoot growth, enhanced plant vigor, increased plant stand and early and better germination. The adaptation of the flumetyl sulforim comprises combining one or more

[0394] flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compounds with the fungicide.

[0395] The adaptation can clearly include packaging the flumetyl sulforim in a container together with instructions for adding or including a Isoprene unit based compound with the flumetyl sulforim when preparing a ready-mix or tank-mix composition for application in a crop or crop plant environment, or soil.

[0396] Envisioned adapted compositions are adapted compositions which comprise both flumetyl sulforim as well as one or more additional pesticidal / fungicidal ingredients, typically supplied together with the flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound in a separate container, or a single prepared concentrate.

[0397] In some embodiments, the combination of the invention comprises an improved three-component combination in that the amount of one or more additional pesticidal ingredients are significantly reduced (or can be), without any loss of efficacy when applied in combination with the amount of the Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound and the amount of flumetylsulforim in combination application as described previously, for treating a plant or locus against fungal and / or bacterial infection, compared to combinations that include the same amount of flumetyl sulforim and the same one or more additional pesticidal / fungicidal ingredients , applied without the amount of the Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound.

[0398] In some multi-component combination embodiments, fungicidal efficacy of the compounds comprising flumetyl sulforim, is increased by at least 10%, by about 20% or more, or by about 30% and above, compared to when the same amount of the flumetyl sulforim is / are applied alone. In some embodiments, fungicidal efficacy is increased by at least 50%, by about 100% or more, by about 200% or more or by about 300% or more, compared to when the same amount of the fungicide is applied alone, thus enabling reduction of the amount of flumetyl sulforim required for a particular level of fungicidal effect and thus lowering the environmental impact (if any), of the flumetyl sulforim which is commonly related to the actual amount of the compound introduced into the environment rather than necessarily to its fungicidal efficacy.

[0399] In some embodiments, fungicidal efficacy is measured in a treated area of the plant. In some embodiments, fungicidal efficacy is measured in an untreated area of the plant. In some embodiments, fungicidal efficacy is increased in a treated area of the soil or locus. In some embodiments, fungicidal efficacy is increased in an untreated area of the soil or locus.

[0400] In some embodiments, the combination comprises an improved combination in that a substantially similar level of fungicidal efficacy is achieved by using a lesser amount of the Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound and / or the flumetyl sulforim. This reduces the level of environmental impact heretofore associated with an equivalent level of fungicidal efficacy.

[0401] In some embodiments, the amount of flumetyl sulforimin the inventive compositions is / are less than the fungicidally effective amount of the fungicide when the fungicide is used alone.

[0402] In some embodiments, the combination comprises an improved combination in that the amount of the Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound is effective to increase sensitivity of the fungus being addressed to the amount of flumetyl sulforim, compared to the sensitivity of the fungus to the amount of the fungicide when it is not applied in combination with the amount of the Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound. In some embodiments, the combination comprises an improved combination in that the amount of the Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound is effective to increase bioavailability of the amount of Flumetyl sulforim compared to the bioavailability of the amount of the additional fungicide when it is not applied in combination with the amount of the Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound.

[0403] In some embodiments, the combination comprises an improved combination in that the amount of the Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound is in the range which is effective to increase bioavailability of the flumetyl sulforim compared to the bioavailability of the amount of the additional fungicide when it is not applied in combination with the amount of the Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound.

[0404] In some embodiments, the inventive combination comprises an improved combination in that the inclusion of one or more flumetylsulforim-enhancing compounds effectively increases the bioavailability of the amount of flumetyl sulforim compared to the bioavailability of the amount of the flumetyl sulforimwhen it is not applied in combination with the amount of the Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound.

[0405] While not wishing to be bound by theory, it may be that the increases in bioavailability of the flumetyl sulforim alluded to above, which are typically achieved by the combination of flumetyl sulforim with fungicidally enhancing Isoprene unit based compounds, allows for application of combinations comprising reduced amounts of flumetyl sulforimwithout any loss in fungicidal efficacy. Clearly there are environmental advantages to any reduction of any biologically active chemical compounds released into the soil and or water however relatively innocuous.

[0406] In some embodiments, the combination comprises an improved combination in that it is more effective in treating the plant or locus against fungal and / or bacterial / microbial infection than when flumetyl sulforim at the same amount is applied alone.

[0407] In some embodiments, the combination comprises an improved combination in that the amount of the Flumetylsulforim and the amount of the Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound are more effective in combination for treating a plant or locus against fungal and / or bacterial / microbial infection than when the amount of the Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound and the amount of Flumetylsulforim are applied alone. In some embodiments, the combination of the Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound and at least one of the component (2) fungicides is more effective in treating the plant or soil against fungal infection than when the fungicide compound(s) component is applied alone at the same amount or rate. In some embodiments, the combination of the invention comprises one or more of, combination, mixture and / or compositions and the combination of the Flumetyl sulforimenhancing compound and flumetyl sulforim, is more effective in treating a plant or soil against fungal infection than when each fungicide compound at the same amount is applied alone, and not in combination-application.

[0408] In some embodiments, treating a plant or locus against fungal infection comprises inhibiting fungal mycelium formation.

[0409] In some embodiments, treating a plant or locus against fungal and / or bacterial infection comprises combating phytopathogenic diseases on the plant or locus.

[0410] In some embodiments, treating the plant or locus against fungal and / or bacterial infection comprises protecting the plant or locus from fungal and / or bacterial attack. In some embodiments, treating the plant or locus against fungal infection comprises preventing fungal and / or bacterial infection of the plant or locus.

[0411] In some embodiments, treating the plant or locus against fungal and / or bacterial infection comprises controlling fungal and / or bacterial disease affecting the plant or locus.

[0412] In some embodiments, treating the plant or locus against fungal and / or bacterial infection comprises controlling a fungal and / or bacterial pathogen, a fungal and / or bacterial pathogen group or a fungal and / or bacterial pathogen class affecting the plant or locus.

[0413] In some embodiments, treating the plant or locus against fungal and / or bacterial infection comprises controlling a fungal disease caused by a fungal and / or bacterial pathogen, a fungal and / or bacterial pathogen group or a fungal and / or bacterial pathogen class affecting the plant or locus.

[0414] In some embodiments, treating the plant or locus against fungal and / or bacterial infection comprises reducing fungal and / or bacterial infection of the plant or locus. In some embodiments, the combination comprises an improved combination in that it prolongs the period of protection against fungal and / or bacterial infection and / or control of fungal and / or bacterial infection than when the amount of the Flumetyl sulforimenhancing compound and the amount of Flumetyl sulforim are applied alone.

[0415] In some embodiments, the period of protection against fungal infection and / or control of fungal and / or bacterial infection is prolonged by at least 7 days, 14 day, 21 days, or 28 days.

[0416] In some embodiments, the combination comprises an improved combination in that it reduces the amount of time needed to achieve a level of fungal and / or bacterial control than when the amount of the Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound and the amount of flumetylsulforimare applied alone.

[0417] A non-limiting example for reduction of the amount of time needed to achieve a level of fungal and / or bacterial control is, if flumetyl sulforim is applied alone achieves 50% control of fungal disease 7 days after application, the combination disclosed herein with one or more enhancing compound achieves 50% control of fungal and / or bacterial diseases 2 days after application where each combination, mixture and / or compositions is applied at the same or equivalent amount.

[0418] In some embodiments, the amount of time needed to achieve a level of fungal and / or bacterial control is reduced by at least 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 4 day, 5 days, 7 days, 10 days, 14 days or 21 days, or 28 days.

[0419] Although as should be abundantly clear, any reduction in the time required to achieve control or treatment etc. is advantageous and a composition that is able to achieve even minor reduction is within the scope of invention although generally the greater the reduction in time, the better.

[0420] In some embodiments, the combination comprises an improved combination in that it improves plant development compared to the development of a plant affected by the same type and degree of fungal and / or bacterial infection to which the combination is not applied. In some embodiments, the plant is a crop plant. In some embodiments, the additional fungicide as part of the combination comprises more effective in improving plant development than if applied at the same amount alone. In some embodiments, the Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound as part of the combination is more effective in improving plant development than if applied at the same amount alone.

[0421] In some embodiments, the plant development is improved by treating the plant against fungal and / or bacterial attack.

[0422] In some embodiments, improving plant development comprises enhancing crop plants. In some embodiment, improving plant development comprises improving plant quality. Improving plant development includes, but is not limited to, enhancing the root systems, enhancing shoot of the plant, enhancing plant vigor, enhancing greening effect on leaves and / or enhancing plant potential yield.

[0423] In some embodiments, improving plant development comprises enhancing the root system. In some embodiments, enhancement in root system is measured by root weight. In some embodiments, root weight is increased by at least 1%, 5%, 10, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90%.

[0424] In some embodiments, the combination is more effective in controlling pathogen than each of the fungicidal active ingredients in a combination used alone or as combination of one alone.

[0425] In some embodiments, the combinations display synergistic effect between Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound and Flumetylsulforim.

[0426] In some embodiments, the combinations display synergistic protection between Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound and the Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound. In some embodiments, the amount of Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound and the amount of flumetylsulforimif applied in combination is more effective in treating a plant or soil against fungal and / or bacterial infection than if each fungicide at the same amount is applied alone.

[0427] In some embodiments, the amount of Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound and the amount of the at least one additional fungicide if applied together is more effective in treating a plant or soil against fungal infection than if each fungicide at the same amount is applied alone.

[0428] In some embodiments, the amount of Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound, the amount of flumetylsulforim in the combination, mixture and / or composition if applied in combination, is more effective in treating a plant or soil against fungal infection than if each fungicide at the same amount is applied alone.

[0429] In noted embodiments, the combinations according to the invention may also comprise more than one of the active components (a), (b), (c), (d) (e) below, increasing and / or broadening of the spectrum of disease control when desired.

[0430] (a) a Qil fungicide, (b) a strobilurin fungicide, (c) a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicide, (d) a triazole fungicide and (e) a morpholine fungicide.

[0431] Embodiments of the present invention include providing methods of treating a plant or locus against fungal and / or bacterial infection comprising applying a combination of (1) an amount of a Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound as previously described, and (2) Flumetylsulforim, to the plant or locus so as to thereby treat the plant or locus against fungal and / or bacterial infection, wherein (i) the method is more effective against fungal and / or bacterial infection than when the amount of the Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound and the amount of the fungicide(s) are applied alone, and / or (ii) the amount of the Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound improves the fungicidal efficacy of the amount of the fungicide(s) compared to when the same amount of the fungicides are not applied in combination with the amount of the Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound. The present invention provide a method for enhancing effectiveness of Flumetyl sulforim against fungal and / or bacterial infection, method comprising application Flumetylsulforim in the presence of, or concomitantly with, an amount of one or more Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound as defined herein.

[0432] In some embodiments, Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound applied at rate of 50 g a.i. / ha.

[0433] In some embodiments, Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound applied at rate between about 45-150 g a.i. / ha.

[0434] In some embodiments, Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound applied at rate between about l-30g a.i. / ha.

[0435] In some embodiments, Flumetylsulforim applied at rate of about 50-200 g a.i. / ha In some embodiments, Flumetylsulforim applied at rate of about 75-125g a.i. / ha

[0436] In some embodiments, Flumetylsulforim applied at rate of about 100 g a.i. / ha

[0437] In some embodiments, the application rate of Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound is about 45-150 g ai / ha and the application rate of the Flumetylsulforim is about 100 g ai / ha.

[0438] In some embodiments, the application rate of Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound is about l-30g ai / ha and the application rate of the Flumetylsulforim is between about 50-200 g ai / ha.

[0439] In some embodiments, the application rate of Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound is about 50g ai / ha and the application rate of the Flumetylsulforim is between about 75-125 g ai / ha.

[0440] In some embodiments the weight ratio between the Flumetylsulforim to Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound is about 2.2: 1 to 0.6: 1

[0441] In some embodiments the weight ratio between the Flumetylsulforim to Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound is about 200:1 to 6.6 :1

[0442] In some embodiments the weight ratio between the Flumetylsulforim to the Isoprene unit-based Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound is about 1.5:1 to 2.5:1.

[0443] In some embodiments, Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound comprises one or more of (a), (b) , (c) Carvacrol, (d), (e) Estragole, (f) Eugenol, (g) Acetyl eugenol, (h) Thymol and (i) any combination of (a) to (h).

[0444] In some embodiments the Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound(s) comprises one or more of Carvacrol, Estragole, Eugenol, Acetyl eugenol, Thymol and any combination thereof .

[0445] In some embodiments the ratio between the Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound and the Flumetyl sulforim is limited to between no less than about 0.2: 1 to no more than about 2:1.

[0446] In some embodiments the ratio between the Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound and the Flumetyl sulforim applied is between about 0.45:1 to about 1.5:1.

[0447] In some embodiments the ratio between the Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound and the Flumetyl sulforim is limited to between no less than about 0.25: 1 to no more than about 1.85:1.

[0448] In some embodiments the ratio between the Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound and the Flumetyl sulforim is limited to between no less than about 0.3 : 1 to no more than about 1.8:1.

[0449] In some embodiments the ratio between the Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound and the Flumetyl sulforim is limited to between no less than about 0.35: 1 to no more than about 1.7:1.

[0450] In some embodiments the concentration at which the Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound is applied to the crop plant is limited to no less than about 0.01% from a diluted spray mix.

[0451] In some embodiments the concentration at which the Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound is applied to the crop plant is limited to no less than about 0.015% from a diluted spray mix.

[0452] In some embodiments the concentration at which the Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound is applied to the crop plant is limited to no less than about 0.02% from a diluted spray mix.

[0453] In some embodiments the concentration at which the Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound is applied to the crop plant is limited to no less than about 0.025% from a diluted spray mix.

[0454] In some embodiments the concentration at which the Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound is applied to the crop plant is limited to no more than about 2% from a diluted spray mix.

[0455] In some embodiments the concentration at which the Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound is applied to the crop plant is limited to no more than about 1% from a diluted spray mix.

[0456] In some embodiments the concentration at which the Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound is applied to the crop plant is limited to no more than about 0.5% from a diluted spray mix.

[0457] In some embodiments the concentration at which the Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound is applied to the crop plant is limited to no more than about 0.4% from a diluted spray mix.

[0458] In some embodiments the concentration at which the Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound is applied to the crop plant is limited to no more than about 0.3% from a diluted spray mix.

[0459] In some embodiments the concentration at which the Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound is applied to the crop plant is limited to no more than about 0.2% from a diluted spray mix.

[0460] In some embodiments the concentration at which the Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound is applied to the crop plant is limited to no more than about 0.15% from a diluted spray mix.

[0461] In some embodiments the concentration at which the Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound is applied to the crop plant is limited to no more than about 0.12% from a diluted spray mix.

[0462] In some embodiments, Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound(s) is, or comprises Carvacrol.

[0463] In some embodiments, Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound(s) is, or comprises Carvacrol applied at a concentration not exceeding 0.6% from a diluted spray mix. In some embodiments, Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound(s) is, or comprises Carvacrol applied at a concentration greater than 0.01% from a diluted spray mix.

[0464] In some embodiments, Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound(s) is, or comprises Carvacrol applied at a ratio to Flumetyl sulforim, of between about 0.45:1 to about 1.5:1. In some embodiments, Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound is, or comprises Estragole.

[0465] In some embodiments, Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound(s) is, or comprises Estragole applied at a concentration not exceeding 0.6% from a diluted spray mix.

[0466] In some embodiments, Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound(s) is, or comprises Estragole applied at a concentration greater than 0.01% from a diluted spray mix.

[0467] In some embodiments, Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound(s) is, or comprises Estragole applied at a ratio to Flumetyl sulforim, of between about 0.45:1 to about 1.5:1. In some embodiments, Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound is, or comprises Eugenol.

[0468] In some embodiments, Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound(s) is, or comprises Eugenol applied at a concentration not exceeding 0.6% from a diluted spray mix.

[0469] In some embodiments, Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound(s) is, or comprises Eugenol applied at a concentration greater than 0.01% from a diluted spray mix.

[0470] In some embodiments, Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound(s) is, or comprises Eugenol applied at a ratio to Flumetyl sulforim, of between about 0.45:1 to about 1.5:1.

[0471] In some embodiments, Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound is, or comprises Acetyl eugenol.

[0472] In some embodiments, Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound(s) is, or comprises Acetyl eugenol applied at a concentration not exceeding 0.6% from a diluted spray mix. In some embodiments, Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound(s) is, or comprises Acetyl eugenol applied at a concentration greater than 0.01% from a diluted spray mix. In some embodiments, Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound(s) is, or comprises Acetyl eugenol applied at a ratio to Flumetyl sulforim, of between about 0.45:1 to about 1.5:1.

[0473] In some embodiments, Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound is, or comprises Thymol. In some embodiments, Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound(s) is, or comprises Thymol applied at a concentration not exceeding 0.6% from a diluted spray mix.

[0474] In some embodiments, Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound(s) is, or comprises Thymol applied at a concentration greater than 0.01% from a diluted spray mix.

[0475] In some embodiments, Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound(s) is, or comprises Acetyl eugenol applied at a ratio to Flumetyl sulforim, of between about 0.45:1 to about 1.5:1.

[0476] In some embodiments the Flumetyl sulforim is formulated as water-based composition In some embodiments, the Flumetyl sulforim is formulated as non-aqueous based composition.

[0477] In some embodiments the fungal infection is Phakopsora pachyrhizi. The present invention provides a method of treating a soybean rust comprising applying a combination of (1) an amount of a Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound, and (2) amount of Flumetylsulforim (flumetyl sulforim), to the plant or locus so as to thereby treat the plant or locus against fungal and / or bacterial infection, wherein (i) the method is more effective against fungal and / or bacterial infection than when the amount of the Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound and the amount of the fungicide(s) are applied alone, and / or (ii) the amount of the Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound improves the fungicidal efficacy of the amount of Flumetyl sulforim, compared to when the same amount of Flumetylsulforim is not applied in combination with the amount of the Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound.

[0478] In some embodiments, Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound are applied at rate of 50 g a.i. / ha.

[0479] In some embodiments, Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound applied at rate between about 45-150 g a.i. / ha.

[0480] In some embodiments, Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound compound(s) applied at rate between about l-30g a.i. / ha.

[0481] In some embodiments, Flumetylsulforim applied at rate of about 50-200 g a.i. / ha In some embodiments, Flumetylsulforim applied at rate of about 75-125g a.i. / ha

[0482] In some embodiments, Flumetylsulforim applied at rate of about 100 g a.i. / ha

[0483] In some embodiments, the application rate of Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound is about 45-150 g ai / ha and the application rate of the Flumetylsulforim is about 100 g ai / ha.

[0484] In some embodiments, the application rate of Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound is about l-30g ai / ha and the application rate of the Flumetylsulforim is between about 50-200 g ai / ha.

[0485] In some embodiments, the application rate of Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound is about 50g ai / ha and the application rate of the Flumetylsulforim is between about 75-about 125 g ai / ha.

[0486] In some embodiments the weight ratio between the Flumetylsulforim to Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound is about 2.2: 1 to 0.6: 1

[0487] In some embodiments the weight ratio between the Flumetylsulforim to Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound is about 200:1 to 6.6 :1

[0488] In some embodiments the weight ratio between the Flumetylsulforim to Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound is about 1.5:1 to 2.5 :1. In some embodiments, Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound comprises one or more of (a), (b) (c) Carvacrol, (d, (e) Estragole, (f) Eugenol, (g) Acetyl eugenol, (h) Thymol and (i) any combination of (a) to (h).

[0489] In some embodiments the Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound is a composition comprising one or more of (a), (b), (c) Carvacrol, (d) , (e) Estragole, (f) Eugenol, (g) Acetyl eugenol, (h) Thymol and (i) any combination of (a) to (h).

[0490] In some embodiments, Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound is, or comprises Carvacrol.

[0491] In some embodiments, Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound is, or comprises Estragole.

[0492] In some embodiments Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound is, or comprises Eugenol. In some embodiments, Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound is, or comprises Acetyl eugenol.

[0493] In some embodiments, Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound is, or comprises Thymol. In some embodiments, Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound is, or comprises Anethole.

[0494] In some embodiments, Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound is, or comprises Isochavibetol (2-Methoxy-5-prop-l -enylphenol).

[0495] In some embodiments Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound is, or comprises Citral. In some embodiments, Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound is, or comprises Menthol.

[0496] In some embodiments, Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound is, or comprises Citronellal.

[0497] In some embodiments, Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound is, or comprises Linalool.

[0498] In some embodiments, Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound is, or comprises borneol. In some embodiments Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound is, or comprises terpineol. In some embodiments, Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound is, or comprises myrtenol.

[0499] In some embodiments, Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound is, or comprises phenylpropanoid, and / or Monoterpenoids and / or flavones, and / or aurones, and / or flavanones, and / or chaicones, and / or dihydrochalcone. An embodiment of the present invention provides a combination for controlling disease caused by pathogen in plant, comprising (1) an amount of Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound and as component (2), 1 g / Ha - 500 g / Ha of Flumetyl sulforim. The most notable of these fungicides is Flumetyl sulforim due to the amount of experience in studies.

[0500] An embodiment of present invention provides a method for controlling disease caused by pathogen in plant, comprising applying a combination of an amount of Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound and Flumetylsulforim , to the plant, propagation material of the plant, and / or a locus of the plant.

[0501] In some embodiments, the method comprises applying Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound and the fungicide at any one of the rates described herein.

[0502] In some embodiments, the amount of the component (2) compound exemplified by flumetylsulforim in the inventive composition is about 0.1 % , 0.5 % ,1 % , 1.5 % , 2 % , 2.5 % , 3 % , 3.5 % , 4 % , 4.5 % , 5 % , 10 % , 15 % ,20 % , 25 % , 30 % , 35 % , 40 % , 45 % , 50 % , 55 % , 60 % , 65 % ,70 % , 75 % , 80 % , 85 % , 90 % or 95 % by weight based on the total weight of the composition. All numbers as throughout prefaced by “about” specifically including ±10% of the value stated.

[0503] The rate at which the combination, mixture, or composition according to embodiments of the invention is applied will depend upon the particular type of fungus and / or bacteria to be controlled, the degree of control required and the timing and method of application.

[0504] In some embodiments, the combination, mixture, or composition is applied at a rate from about 25 grams of total active ingredient per hectare (g a.i. / ha) to about 2000g a.i. / ha based on the total amount of active ingredients in the combination, mixture, or composition.

[0505] In some embodiments, the Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound is applied at a rate from about 10g a.i. / ha to about 350g a.i. / ha preferably 40g a.i. / ha to about 90g a.i. / ha. In some embodiments, the Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound is applied at a rate about 90g a.i. / ha

[0506] In some embodiments, the flumetylsulforim is applied at a rate from about 1 g / Ha - 500 g / Ha, sometimes 100g a.i. / ha to about 300g a.i. / ha sometimes 120g a.i. / ha to about 250g a.i. / ha..

[0507] In some embodiments flumetylsulforim is applied at a rate of from 1 g / Ha - 500 g / Ha selected from the group including, from 5 g / ha to 120 g / ha; from 1 g / ha to 100 g / ha; from about 10 g / ha to about 200 g / ha; from 15 g / ha to 100 g / ha; from about 60 g / ha to about 180 g / ha; from about 75 g / ha to about 160 g / ha; from 1 g / ha to 75 g / ha; from 1 g / ha to 50 g / ha; from 1 g / ha to 25 g / ha; from 1 g / ha to 15 g / ha:from 2 g / ha to 13 g / ha; from 5 g / ha to 10 g / ha; from 15 g / ha to 100 g / ha; about 5 g / ha; about 6.25 g / ha; about 10 g / ha; about 12.5 g / ha;about 15 g a.i. / ha; about 75 g / ha; about 100 g / ha; about 125 g / ha;about 150 g / ha; about 250 g / a.i. / Ha; about 130 g / a.i. / Ha; about 200 g / a.i. / Ha; about 110g a.i. / Ha; about 300 g / ha; and about 500 g / ha.

[0508] Some examples of combinations may be illustrated by the following rates, wherein each numerical value or range is preceeded by “about” to include ±10% of that value, as with all numerical vales and ranges in this disclosure, unless the context or text makes clear otherwize:

[0509] flumetyl sulforim 75g ai / Ha + 52.5 g ai / Ha Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound flumetyl sulforim 100 g ai / Ha + 52.5g ai / Ha Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound flumetyl sulforim 125 g ai / Ha + 52.5 g ai / Ha Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound flumetyl sulforim 100 g ai / Ha + 52.5 g ai / Ha Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound flumetyl sulforim 75 g ai / Ha Tebuconazole 80 + 52.5 g ai / Ha Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound

[0510] flumetyl sulforim 100 g ai / Ha + Tebuconazole 100 g ai / Ha + 52.5 g ai / Ha Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound.

[0511] When the Flumetyl sulforim and Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compounds are applied in the form of the combinations, mixtures or compositions disclosed herein, the rate at which the combinations, mixture and / or composition is applied will depend upon the particular type of fungus to be controlled, the degree of control required and the timing and method of application. In typical applications, the combinations, mixtures or compositions described herein can be applied at an application rate of between about 1 gram per hectare (g / ha ) and about 2600 g / ha active ingredient [g a.i. / ha].

[0512] In some embodiments, the combination, mixture, or composition of the present disclosure is applied at a rate from about 40g a.i. / ha to about 600g a.i. / ha. In some embodiments, the combination, mixture, or composition is applied at a rate from about 100 g a.i. / ha to about 200 g a.i. / ha. In some embodiments, the combination, mixture, or composition is applied at a rate from about 100 g a.i. / ha to about 130 g a.i. / ha.

[0513] The components of the combination, mixture or composition of the present disclosure can be applied either separately or as part of a multipart fungicidal system. The components of the combination, mixture or composition of the present disclosure can be applied either separately or as part of a multipart fungicidal system. Consequently, the methods and uses disclosed herein include preparation of the combination, mixture, and composition from the component parts prior to application or use.

[0514] In some embodiments, the components of the combination, mixture or composition of the present disclosure are applied simultaneously.

[0515] In some embodiments, the components of the combination, mixture or composition of the present disclosure are applied contemporaneously.

[0516] In some embodiments, the components of the combination, mixture or composition of the present disclosure are applied as a succession application.

[0517] In some embodiments, components of the combination, mixture or composition of the present disclosure are applied at least one time during a growth season.

[0518] In some embodiments, applying together according to the invention refers to simultaneously, contemporaneously and / or succession application.

[0519] In some embodiments, the components of the mixture or composition of the present disclosure are applied one or more times during a growth season.

[0520] In some embodiments, the components of the combination, mixture or composition of the present disclosure are applied as a soil application. In some embodiments, the mixtures and / or compositions described herein are applied as a foliar application. In some embodiments, the components of the mixture or the composition thereof are applied as seed treatment.

[0521] In some embodiments, the components of the combination, mixture or composition of the present disclosure are applied as a soil application, as a foliar application, as seed treatment and any combination thereof.

[0522] In some embodiments, the combination, mixture, or composition of the present disclosure is applied at least one time during a growth season.

[0523] In some embodiments, the combination, mixture, or composition of the present disclosure is applied one or more times during a growth season. In some embodiments, the combination, mixture, or composition described herein are applied as a soil application. In some embodiments, the combination, mixture, or composition described herein are applied as a foliar application.

[0524] In some embodiments, controlling refers but is not limited to curative treatment, preventive treatment, protectant treatment, persistence treatment and any combination thereof.

[0525] In some embodiments, the method of controlling is a curative treatment. In some embodiments, the method of controlling is a preventive treatment.

[0526] In some embodiments, the method of controlling is a protectant treatment.

[0527] In some embodiments, the method of controlling is a persistence treatment.

[0528] Application can be before or after the infection by harmful fungi and / or bacteria.

[0529] The rate at which the mixture disclosed herein is applied depends upon the particular type of fungus and / or bacteria to be controlled, the degree of control required and the timing and method of application. In general, the mixture or composition described herein can be applied at an application rate of between about 1 grams per hectare (g / ha) and about 2600 g / ha.

[0530] In some embodiments, the mixture of the present invention is applied at a rate between 0.1-10000 g a.i. / ha this extremely wide range reflects the inclusion of extremely concentrated commercial products as well as extremely dilute point of use compositions. In some embodiments, the mixture of the present invention is applied at a rate between 50-2000 g a.i. / ha (grams of active ingredient per hectare). In some embodiments, the mixture of the present invention is applied at a rate between 100-750 g a.i. / ha.

[0531] In some embodiments, the mixture of the present invention, if applied as seed treatment, is to be applied at a rate between 2g per 100kg to 400 g per 100 kg of seed. In some embodiments, the mixture of the present invention, if applied as seed treatment, is to be applied at a rate between 2.5g per 100kg to 50 g per 100 kg of seed. In some embodiments, the mixture of the present invention, if applied as seed treatment, is to be applied at a rate between 2.5g per 100kg to 25 g per 100 kg of seed.

[0532] In some embodiments, the mixture of the present invention, if applied as soil application, is to be applied at a rate between 0.1 to 10,000 g / ha. In some embodiments, the mixture of the present invention, if applied as soil application, is to be applied at a rate between 1 to 5000 g / ha.

[0533] In some embodiments, the mixture is a tank mix. Any of the combinations described herein may be in the form of a tank mix. In some embodiments, each of the Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound and additional pesticide / fungicide are formulated in its own composition prior to tank mix.

[0534] In general, inventors have found that when Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound is added to a composition comprising fungicides it is possible to reduce the amounts of fungicidal active ingredients by between 10% and 50% and in some cases even more. Typically, the reduction of fungicides can be between about 20% and 40% without loss of efficacy and often with increased efficacy and / or performance. As illustrated later, several compositions comprising flumetyl sulforim and Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound (compound Is) are tested in field trials against pathogenic or otherwise unwanted fungi in crops and are compared to a product that contains flumetyl sulforim, but without the compound Is. Several tested combinations may include additional pesticidally active compounds too.

[0535] Superior fungicidal efficacy on such unwanted fungi is achieved when Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound is added to a composition of the same doses of flumetyl sulforim, and equivalent fungicidal efficacy could be achieved with much lower dosing of flumetylsulforim in the treatments that would include the Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound.

[0536] Trials may be conducted to assess the combinations of specific Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compounds with Flumetylsulforim, in fruits and vegetables selected from cereals, e.g. wheat, barley, rye, oats, rice, sorghum and the like; beets, e.g. sugar beet and fodder beet; pome and stone fruit and berries, e.g. apples, pears, plums, peaches, almonds, cherries, strawberries, raspberries and blackberries; leguminous plants, e.g. beans, lentils, peas, soy beans; oleaginous plants, e.g. rape, mustard, poppy, olive, sunflower, coconut, castor-oil plant, cocoa, ground-nuts; Cucurbitaceae, e.g. pumpkins, gherkins, melons, cucumbers, squashes; fibrous plants, e.g. cotton, flax, hemp, jute; citrus fruit, e.g. orange, lemon, grape- fruit, mandarin; tropical fruit, e.g. papaya, passion fruit, mango, carambola, pineapple, banana; vegetables, e.g. spinach, lettuce, asparagus, brassicaceae such as cabbages and turnips, carrots, onions, tomatoes, potatoes, hot and sweet peppers; laurel-like plants, e.g. avocado, cinnamon, camphor tree; or plants such as maize, tobacco, nuts, coffee, sugar-cane, tea, grapevines, hops, rubber plants, as well as ornamental plants, e.g. cut flowers, roses, gerbera and flower bulbs, shrubs, deciduous trees and evergreen trees such as conifers. Advantages in cereal crops including barley and wheat are expected to be pronounced.

[0537] Further, equivalent fungicidal efficacy is achieved with all the fungicidal compounds in the compositions being able to be reduced by between 20% and 40% as may be seen in future results comparing the application of volumes exemplified by comparing the application of 1.8 L / Ha of the compositions to application of 2L / Ha and 2.2 L / Ha.

[0538] Additionally, it will be apparent that adding compound Ito fungicidal compositions comprising flumetylsulforim will result in the added benefits of lower defoliation and significantly higher yields in terms of tons of grains per hectare (where the crop is a grain crop), in at least one trial given our work in this concept it is not implausible to have of the order / magnitude of an increase from about 4800 kg / ha to about 5000 kg / ha (estimate based on potential yield per trial area).

[0539] It is additionally expected based on our research, that more and greener leaves will be found on the crop plants when Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound is added to the flumetyl sulforim even at lower rates of application than were previously considered fungicidally effective and this effect is likely more pronounced when applied at the same concentration at the same rate of application as is typical for flumetylsulforim.

[0540] Without being bound by theory, expected greener more abundant leaves may be connected to the higher rates of efficacy against unwanted though present fungal infections combined with an anti-stress and bio stimulant effect of the compound lover and above their efficacy boosting potential.

[0541] It may be that the Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound will be found to be beneficial to plants when applied alone, this of course is an added benefit which itself is not insignificant.

[0542] Similarly, it is predicted that addition of even small amounts of copper-based compounds will significantly improve efficacy even when flumetylsulforim is reduced by 25% or more.

[0543] None of the treatments is expected to result in phytotoxicity (which can be evaluated by visual inspection).

[0544] In embodiments, the combinations or mixtures of the present invention may be formulated as one composition. The combinations of the present invention may be formulated as separate compositions. The combinations of the present invention may be formulated in more than one composition.

[0545] In embodiments the combinations of the present invention may be formulated as separate compositions. The composition of the Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound of the present inventive combination may be formulated and provided together with preparative instructions or otherwise adapted for combination with a separate, conceivably, commercially available composition of the fungicide(s) of component (2) exemplified by flumetylsulforim.

[0546] In embodiments the combinations of the present invention may be formulated as separate compositions. The composition of the Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound of the present inventive combination may be formulated and provided together with preparative instructions or otherwise adapted for combination with a separate, conceivably, commercially available composition of component (2) flumetylsulforim and the additional fungicides of component (3).

[0547] In embodiments the combinations of the present invention may be formulated as separate compositions. The composition of the Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound together with an additional pesticide compound of component (3), of the present inventive combination may be formulated and provided together with preparative instructions or otherwise adapted for combination with separate, conceivably, commercially available composition(s) of component (2), flumetylsulforim.

[0548] In embodiments the combinations of the present invention may be formulated as separate compositions. The composition of the Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound together with an additional pesticide compound of component (3), of the present inventive combination may be formulated and provided together with preparative instructions or otherwise adapted for combination with separate, possibly, commercially available composition(s) of the fungicide(s) of component (2) flumetylsulforim, in admixture with the additional fungicide(s) of component (3).

[0549] In embodiments the combinations of the present invention may be formulated as separate compositions. The composition of the Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound together with the additional fungicide of component (3), of the present inventive combination may be formulated and provided together with preparative instructions or otherwise adapted for combination with separate, possibly, commercially available composition(s) of the fungicide of component (2) flumetylsulforim.

[0550] In embodiments the present invention also provides a fungicidal composition comprising any one of the combinations disclosed herein, and an agriculturally acceptable carrier. In embodiments the present invention also provides fungicidal composition(s) for the combinations comprising any one of the combinations disclosed herein, and an agriculturally acceptable carrier.

[0551] In some embodiments, the combination comprises a composition. Any of the combinations described herein may be in the form of a composition.

[0552] In embodiments the combination, mixture or composition comprising the compound land at least one fungicide exemplified by flumetylsulforim may be an improved combination, mixture, or composition in any one or any combination of ways as described below.

[0553] In some embodiments, the combination comprises an amount of Flumetyl sulforimenhancing compound and an amount of flumetylsulforim. The combination comprising Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound and component (2) Flumetylsulforim may be an improved combination in any one or any combination of ways as described below.

[0554] In some embodiments, improving plant development comprises enhancing shoot of the plant. In some embodiments, enhancement in shoot is measured by shoot weight. In some embodiments, shoot weight is increased by at least 1%, 5%, 10, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90%.

[0555] In some embodiments, improving plant development comprises enhancing plant vigor. In some embodiments, plant vigor is assessed using the relative vigor index. In some embodiments, plant vigor is increased by at least 1%, 5%, 10, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90%.

[0556] In some embodiments, improving plant development comprises enhancing greening effect on leaves. In some embodiments, greening effect on leaves is assessed using the relative vigor index. In some embodiments, greening effect on leaves is increased by at least 1%, 5%, or 10%.

[0557] In some embodiments, improving plant development comprises enhancing plant yield. In some embodiments, plant yield is increased by at least 1%, 5%, 10, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100% or more, or each and any intermediate value.

[0558] In some embodiments, the combination comprises an improved combination in that it has improved potentiated efficacy, improved long lasting effect, improved green leaf area, improved greening effect, increased spectrum of disease activity, increased efficacy against disease not controlled by the solo fungicides, higher plant / crop yield, higher plant / crop protein content, higher plant / crop sugar content, higher plant / crop °Brix level, better color grading of fruits, higher thousand kernels weight, higher test weight or hectoliter weight, increased fruit size, increased number of marketable fruits, improved plant vigor, and / or reduced risks of adverse effects on plants as compared with use of exemplified by flumetylsulforim absent Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound. The fungal pathogen to be addressed by the combinations and methods herein disclosed can be one or more of Alternaria species on vegetables, oilseed rape, sugar beet and rice, such as, A. solani in tomatoes or A. cucumerina in cucumber or melon; Aphanomyces species on sugarbeet and vegetables; Ascochyta species on cereals, legumes and vegetables; Bipolaris and Drechslera species on corn, cereals, rice and lawns, for example, D. maydis on com; Blumeria graminis (powdery mildew) on cereals; Botrytis cinerea (gray mold) on strawberries, vegetables and flowers or B. aclada on onion; Bremia lactucae on lettuce; Cercospora species on corn, soybeans, rice, sugar beet and coffee as C. beticola in sugarbeet or C. kikuchii in soybean; Cladosporium species on several crops; Claviceps purpurea on rye; Cochliobolus species on com, cereals, rice, for example Cochliobolus sativus on cereals, Cochliobolus miyabeanus on rice;

[0559] Colletotricum species on vegetables, soybeans and cotton, such as Colletotrichum truncatum in pepper and soybean; Drechslera species and Pyrenophora species on com, cereals, rice and lawns, for example, D. teres on barley or D. tritici-repentis on wheat; Esca on grapevines, caused by Phaeoacremonium chlamydosporum, P. Aleophilum and Fomitiporia punctata (syn. Phellinus punctatus), Exserohilum species on com; Erysiphe cichoracearum and Sphaerotheca fuliginea on cucumbers; Fusarium and Verticillium species on various plants, for example, Fusarium graminearum or Fusarium culmorum on cereals or F. oxysporum on a multitude of plants, such as, for example, tomatoes; Gaeumannomyces graminis on cereals; Gibberella species on cereals and rice (for example Gibberella fujikuroi on rice); Grainstaining complex on rice;

[0560] Helminthosporium species on com and rice; Hemileia vastatrix on coffee;

[0561] Microdochium nivale on cereals; Mycosphaerella species on several crops, for example, M. brassicicola on brassicas; Parastagonospora nodorum on cereals; Peronospora species on cabbages, legumes and bulbous plants, for example, P. brassicae on cabbage or P. destructor on onions; Phakopsora pachyrhizi and Phakopsora meibomiae on soybeans; Phoma species on soybean, cucurbits, tomato and brassicas; Phomopsis species on soybeans, sunflowers and grapes; Phytophthora infestans on potatoes and tomatoes; Phytophthora species on various plants, for example, P. capsici on bell pepper, P. citrophthora and P. citricola in citrus; Plasmopara viticola on grapevines; Pleosporales on various plants, for example, Pleospora herbarum in alfalfa, tomato and chickpeas; Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides on cereals; Pseudoperonospora on various plants, for example, P. cubensis on cucumber or P. humili on hops; Pyricularia oryzae, Corticium sasakii. Sarocladium oryzae, S. aUenualum. Entyloma oryzae on rice; Pyricularia grisea on lawns and cereals; Pythium spp. on lawns, rice, com, cotton, oilseed rape, sunflowers, sugar beet, vegetables and other plants, for example, P. ultimum on various plants, P. aphanidermatum on lawns; Ramularia species on cereals, barley and cotton, for example, Ramularia collo-cygni on barley and Ramularia areola on cotton; Rhizoctonia species on cotton, rice, potatoes, lawns, com, oilseed rape, sugar beet, vegetables and on various plants, for example, R solani on beet and various plants; Rhynchosporium secalis on barley, rye and triticale; Sclerotinia species on oilseed rape, sunflowers and lettuce; Septoria species on several crops as S. lactucae in lettuce; Erysiphe species on wheat such as Erysiphe graminis Erysiphe (syn. Uncinula) necator on grapevines; Setosphaeria species on corn and lawns; Sphacelotheca reiliana on corn; Thielaviopsis species on soybeans and cotton; Tilletia species on cereals; Ustilago species on cereals, com and sugar cane, for example, U maydis on com. Cercospora kikuchii on soybean; Septoria glycines (Late Season diseases) on soybean; Corynespora cassiicola(target Spot) on soybean; Microsphaera difusa (Powder Mildew) on soybean; Colle totrichum trwwcatwm(Antrachnosis) on soybean Colletotrichum truncatum on soybean; Sclerotinea sc / eroliornm(\Nh ie mold) on soybean. Puccinia kuehnii(orange rust) on sugarcane; C. paradoxa (pineapple rot) on sugar cane.

[0562] In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen group is Hyponectriaceae. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen group is Phyllostictaceae. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen group is Mycosphaerellaceae. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen group is Ceratobasidiaceae. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen group is Erysiphaceae. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen group is Trichocomaceae. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen group is S cl eroti niaceae. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen group is Dermateaceae. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen group is Sclerotiniaceae. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen group is Nectriaceae. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen group is Peronosporaceae. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen group is Glomerellaceae. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen group is Pleosporaceae. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen group is Leptosphaeriaceae. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen group is Venturiaceae. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen group is Didymellaceae. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen group is Pleosporaceae. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen group is Corynesporascaceae. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen group is Pucciniaceae. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen group is Chaconiaceae. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen group is Phakopsoraceae. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen group is Pucciniaceae. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen group is Magnaporthales. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen group is Taphrinaceae. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen group is Ustilaginaceae. In some embodiments, the pathogen class is Amphisphaeriales. In some embodiments, the pathogen class is Botryosphaeriales. In some embodiments, the pathogen class is Capnodiales. In some embodiments, the pathogen class is Ceratobasidiales. In some embodiments, the pathogen class is Erysiphales. In some embodiments, the pathogen class is Eurotiales. In some embodiments, the pathogen class is Helotiales. In some embodiments, the pathogen class is Hypocreales. In some embodiments, the pathogen class is Peronosporales. In some embodiments, the pathogen class is Phyllachorales. In some embodiments, the pathogen class is Pleosporales. In some embodiments, the pathogen class is Pucciniales. In some embodiments, the pathogen class is Pyriculariaceae. In some embodiments, the pathogen class is Taphrinales. In some embodiments, the pathogen class is Ustilaginales.

[0563] In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Botrytis cinerea. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Microdochium sp. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Phyllosticta ampelicida. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Mycosphaerella fijiensis. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Zymoseptoria tritici. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Ramularia collo-cygni. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Cercospora zeae-maydis. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Ramularia areola. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Cercospora beticola. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Ramularia beticola. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Rhizoctonia solani / Thanatephorus cucumeris. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Blumeria graminis. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Erysiphe cichoracearum. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Sphaerotheca fuliginea. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Erysiphe necator. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Podosphaera macularis. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Podosphaera leucotricha. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Leveillula Taurica. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Oidium neolycopersici. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Erysiphe betae. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Erysiphe polygoni. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Aspergillus sp. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Botrytis cinerea. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Pyrenopeziza brassicae. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Botrytis cinerea. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Monilinia spp. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Monilinia laxa. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Monilia fructigena. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Monilia fructicola. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Fusarium sp. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Phytophthora sp. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Phytophthora palmivora. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Phytophthora megakarya. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Phytophthora capsica. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Pseudoperonospora cubensis. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Plasmopara viticola. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Pseudoperonospora humul. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Phytophthora infestans. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Peronospora viciae. In some embodiments, the. fungal pathogen is Phytopthora sp. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Phytophthora infestans. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Colletotrichum kahawae. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Colletotrichum sp.. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Pyrenophora tritici-repentis In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Drechslera tritici-repentis. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Pyrenophora teres. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Setosphaeria turcica. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Cochliobolus heterostrophus. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Cochliobolus carbonum. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Altemaria spp. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Altemaria cucumerina. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Plenodomus lingam. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Altemaria alternate. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Pleospora allii. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Altemaria mali. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Altemaria sp. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Venturia inaequalis. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Venturia pyrina. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Altemaria sp. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Ascochyta rabiei. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Altemaria sp. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Corynespora cassiicola. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Puccinia recondite. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Puccinia triticina. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Hemileia vastatrix. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Phakopsora pachyrhizi. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Uromyces betae. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Pyricularia oryzae. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Taphrina spp. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Taphrina deformans. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Ustilago maydis.

[0564] Methods of using the inventive Combination comprise uses for controlling fungal groups, fungal classes, and fungal pathogens, including the fungal groups, fungal classes and fungal pathogens described herein. Fungal infection may cause fungal disease affecting the plant or soil. In some embodiments, the invention comprises treating a plant or soil against fungal infection comprising treating the plant or soil against fungal disease with the inventive combination(s).

[0565] In some embodiments, the fungal disease is apple scab disease. In some embodiments, the fungal disease is seedling blight. In some embodiments, the fungal disease is foliar & ear disease. In some embodiments, the fungal disease is Black rot. In some embodiments, the fungal disease is Black sigatoka. In some embodiments, the fungal disease is Septoria. In some embodiments, the fungal disease is Ramularia leaf spot. In some embodiments, the fungal disease is gray leaf spot. In some embodiments, the fungal disease is leaf spot of beet. In some embodiments, the fungal disease is sheath blight. In some embodiments, the fungal disease is powdery mildew. In some embodiments, the fungal disease is Aspergillus ear rot. In some embodiments, the fungal disease is grey mold. In some embodiments, the fungal disease is Sclerotinia. In some embodiments, the fungal disease is Monilia. In some embodiments, the fungal disease is Fusarium head blight. In some embodiments, the fungal disease is Maize Ear and Kernel Rot. In some embodiments, the fungal disease is Crown and root rot. In some embodiments, the fungal disease is Black pod. In some embodiments, the fungal disease is Downy mildew. In some embodiments, the fungal disease is Late blight. In some embodiments, the fungal disease is Coffee Berry Disease. In some embodiments, the fungal disease is Anthracnose. In some embodiments, Antracnose. In some embodiments, the fungal disease is yellow spot. In some embodiments, the fungal disease is Net blotch. In some embodiments, the fungal disease is Northern Corn Leaf Blight. In some embodiments, the fungal disease is Northern Com Leaf Spot. In some embodiments, the fungal disease is Phoma stem canker and leaf spot. In some embodiments, the fungal disease is Altemaria. In some embodiments, the fungal disease is Brown spot of pear. In some embodiments, the fungal disease is Alternaria blotch of apple. In some embodiments, the fungal disease is scab. In some embodiments, the fungal disease is Early blight. In some embodiments, the fungal disease is Didymella pisi. In some embodiments, the fungal disease is Target spot. In some embodiments, the fungal disease is Brown rust. In some embodiments, the fungal disease is yellow rust. In some embodiments, the fungal disease is Coffee Leaf Rust. In some embodiments, the fungal disease is Asian soybean rust. In some embodiments, the fungal disease is Rust. In some embodiments, the fungal disease is Rice Blast. In some embodiments, the fungal disease is leaf curl. In some embodiments, the fungal disease is Common Smut. Additional fungicide is used for controlling broad spectrum of diseases, including the fungal diseases described herein. Additional fungicide may be used on a variety of plants, including the plants described herein. Preferably, additional fungicide is used for controlling the following fungal diseases. In some embodiments, the disease is Sheath blight in rice crop. In some embodiments, the disease is apple scab. In some embodiments, the disease is Early blight disease in vegetable crop. In some embodiments, the vegetable crop is potato. In some embodiments, the vegetable crop is tomato. In some embodiments, the vegetable crop is chili. In some embodiments, the disease is Anthracnose and / or Alternaria. In some embodiments, the disease is an early blight disease in potatoes. In some embodiments, the disease is an anthracnose disease in chili. In some embodiments, the disease is Septoria in cereals. In some embodiments, the disease is black sigatoka in banana. In some embodiments, the disease is Sphaerotheca fuliginea in melon. In some embodiments, the disease is Anthracnose and / or Alternariain chilli. In some embodiments, the disease is Erysiphe necator in grape. In some embodiments, the disease is Phakopsora pachyrhizi in soybean. In some embodiments, the disease is Botrytis cinerea in strawberry. In some embodiments, the disease is Venturia inaequalis in apple. In some embodiments, the disease is Alternaria sp. or Phytophthora infestans in tomato. In some embodiments, the disease is Plasmopara viticola in grape. In some embodiments, the disease is caused by Colletotrichum capsica. In some embodiments, the disease is caused by Alternaria solani.

[0566] Compound I

[0567] As used herein Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound of the invention are often naturally sourced or derived from natural products, compound I

[0568] In some embodiments, component (1) comprises one or more of (a), (b), (c) Carvacrol, (d) (e) Estragole, (f) Eugenol, (g) Acetyl eugenol, (h) Thymol and (i) any combination of (a) to (h).

[0569] In some embodiments the Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound is monoterpenoids which is different from carvacrol and thymol.

[0570] In some embodiments when the Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound is monoterpenoids which is for example, carvacrol and thymol the weight ratio between flumetyl sulforim and carvacrol or thymol is determined and / or optimized according to the calibration and trial protocol as exemplified herein later in the disclosure.

[0571] is a composition comprising one or more of (a), (b), (c) Carvacrol, (d), (e) Estragole, (f) Eugenol, (g) Acetyl eugenol, (h) Thymol and (i) any combination of (a) to (h).

[0572] In some embodiments, component (1) is mixture comprising one or more of Carvacrol, , Estragole, Eugenol, Acetyl eugenol, Thymol and any combination Thereof.

[0573] In some embodiments, component (1) comprises one or more of (a), (b), (c) Carvacrol, (d, (e) Estragole, (f) Eugenol, (g) Acetyl eugenol, (h) Thymol and (i) any combination of (a) to (h).

[0574] In some embodiments, component (1) is , or comprises Carvacrol.

[0575] In some embodiments, component (1) is, or comprises Estragole.

[0576] In some embodiments, component (1) is, or comprises Eugenol.

[0577] In some embodiments, component (1) is, or comprises Acetyl eugenol.

[0578] In some embodiments, component (1) is, or comprises Thymol.

[0579] In some embodiments, the Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound comprises (i|) naturally sourced or derived compound I-based compounds,

[0580] Each embodiment disclosed herein is contemplated as being applicable to each of the other disclosed embodiments. Thus, all combinations of the various elements described herein are within the scope of the invention. In addition, the elements recited in the composition embodiments can be used in the combination, mixture (including synergistic mixture), package, method and use embodiments described herein and vice versa. In addition, the elements recited in the combination embodiments can be used in the composition, kit, method and use embodiments described herein and vice versa. The following representative examples illustrate the practice of the present invention in some of its embodiments but should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention in any way. At this initial stage these so-called examples are only for illustrative purposes, none of the specific text of any examples below should be seen as evidence that the various trials have as yet been conducted to full completion or for that matter that results are currently available. Other embodiments will be apparent to one skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and examples. It is intended that the specification, including the examples, is considered exemplary and / or illustrative only, without limiting the scope and coverage of the invention.

[0581] A synergistic effect exists whenever the action of an active ingredient combination is greater than the sum of the actions of the individual components. It is often understood that the term “synergy” is as defined by Colby S. R. in an article entitled "Calculation of the synergistic and antagonistic responses of herbicide combinations" published in the journal Weeds, 1967, 15, p. 20-22

[0582] The action expected for a given combination of one active components can be calculated as follows:

[0583] XY

[0584] E = X + Y~ 100

[0585] The action expected for a given combination of three active components can be calculated as follows:

[0586] XY + XZ + YZ XYZ

[0587] E = X + Y + Z - 100 10000

[0588] in which E represents the expected effect, e.g., percentage of pest control, for the combination of the active ingredients at defined doses (for example equal to x and y respectively), X is the effect, e.g., percentage of pest control, observed for compound (I) at a defined dose (equal to x), Y is the effect, e.g., percentage of pest control, observed for compound (II) at a defined dose (equal to y). Here, efficacy or percent inhibition is determined in %. 0% means efficacy that corresponds to the Control, i.e., as if no treatment had been applied. Whereas a percent inhibition of 100% means that complete control is observed. When the percent control observed for the combination is greater than E, there is a synergistic effect. When the percent control observed for the combination is equal to E, there is an additive effect and wherein the percent control observed for the combination is lower than E, there is an antagonistic effect.

[0589] In some embodiments, the combination is synergistic for controlling pathogen. In some embodiments, the combination is synergistic for enhancing crop plant. In some embodiments, the combination is synergistic for enhancing plant development. In some other embodiments, the combination is synergistic for enhancing root system. In some embodiments, the combination is synergistic for improving plant quality. In some embodiments, the combination is synergistic for regulating plant growth. In some embodiments, the combination is synergistic for controlling different species of pathogen.

[0590] While the present disclosure of the invention may be susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments have been described by way of example in detail herein. However, it is understood that the present disclosure is not intended to be limited to the particular forms disclosed. Rather, the present disclosure is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the scope of the present disclosure as defined by the following claims and their legal equivalents.

[0591] In some useful embodiments, when assessing the optimum Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing isoprene unit-based content, it might be practical to start with an amount of the Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound that is up to about 10% of the total weight of the composition of the Flumetyl sulforim intended for enhancement.

[0592] Typically, the enhancement is of the efficacy of Flumetyl sulforim compositions.

[0593] The invention also includes as an embodiment, the mixture of Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound with additional fungicide component alone, but especially adapted for use in combination with one or more component (1) flumetylsulforim to prepare the three-component embodiments of the inventive combinations.

[0594] As should be clear now it is the combination of the Flumetylsulforim with the Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compounds herein disclosed, that is significant rather than necessarily any other components in a composition comprising the combination or the precise method of combination or preparation. However, inventors are well aware that the use of certain additives including though not limited to surfactants emulsifiers, solvents and adjuvants as well as additional pesticidal ingredients can often be employed to optimize compositions including the inventive compositions. These optimizations are well within the skills of persons skilled in formulating agrochemical pesticide formulations. In a similar manner, methods of increasing stability both physical and chemical by addition of available ingredients are assumed to be within the common knowledge. ILLUSTRATIVE NON-LIMITING EXAMPLES

[0595] As mentioned the present invention particularly relates to combinations, mixtures, methods, treatments, compositions and other beneficial associations comprising

[0596]

[0597] and one or more compounds structurally related to isoprene (2 -methyl- 1,3 -butadiene) units,

[0598]

[0599] such as monoterpenoids, flavones, flavonoids etc., often usefully selected from estragole, eugenol, acetyl eugenol, Anethole, 2-Methoxy-5-prop-l-enylphenol (Isochavibetol), carvacrol, thymol, menthol, citral, citronellal, linalool, borneol, terpineol, myrtenol, flavones, aurones, flavanones, chaicones, and dihydrochalcone as flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compounds.

[0600] In several exemplified experiments and trials, mixtures and / or compositions are prepared and used comprising flumetyl sulforim and / or one or more flumetyl sulforimenhancing compounds.

[0601] Stock compositions used to prepare experimental compositions and mixtures comprising flumetyl sulforim for purposes of the experimental evaluations were most typically suspension concentrates, comprising 500 g a.i. / L.

[0602] The compositions used in conjunction with the flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compounds were chosen to be those known to be compatible with the flumetylsulforim and thus unlikely to negatively impact the activity being tested and evaluated.

[0603] For the purposes of these trials, other than for simple aqueous solutions of the flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compounds, the inactive ingredients disclosed in Table 1 of US published patent application US 2021 / 0378235 Al were chosen as the ingredients for use as the inactive ingredients either for inactive controls or use with the

[0604] flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compounds.

[0605] The exemplified trials in which flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compounds were compared with combinations with flumetylsulforim, employed combinations of the inactive ingredients of Table 1 of US published patent application US 2021 / 0378235 Al, adjusted to that disclosed composition when containing 500 g / L of flumetylsulforim rather than the disclosed 450 SC, as the formulation vehicle, although the use of smectite clay was typically seen as superfluous. For the sake of convenience the mixture of inactive ingredient in the amounts described are sometimes herein referred to as a “blank” formulation and as detailed herein, the amounts of the inactive ingredients were used to match the amount of the flumetylsulforim with which it is compared to compare like with like.

[0606]

[0607]

[0608]

[0609]

[0610] For example in tables and graphs herein disclosed, where application of amounts of flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compounds were compared in combinations with flumetyl sulforim 100g a.i. / Ha, the amounts of the inactive “blank” ingredients applied per hectare were the amounts disclosed in Table 1 of US published patent application US 2021 / 0378235 Al adjusted to 100 g of flumetylsulforim.

[0611] The amounts of flumetylsulforim used in some trials were chosen as being lower than that required for complete control of the relevant pathogen so as to be able to fully evaluate the level of enhancement when combined with the flumetylsulforim-enhancing compounds, (you can’t improve on 100% efficacy). Thus clearly the efficacy of the “flumetylsulforim solo”, arm of any trial disclosed herein, should not be mistaken for the fundamental efficacy of flumetylsulforim, but rather the efficacy of a sub-optimal application rate chosen to be specifically low for purposes of accurate measurement of enhancement.

[0612] Model compositions comprising flumetylsulforim-enhancing compounds were often used in the evaluations. These types of compositions can be used as adjuvant compositions designed for adding to Tank-mix dilutions of flumetylsulforim prior to spray application. In the alternative, single concentrates such a suspension concentrates, can be prepared comprising all ingredients that only need dilution to application dilution prior to spray application. There is a limit as to how much flumetyl sulforim can be dissolved in an emulsifiable vehicle, however, it is possible that due to the solubilized nature of the flumetyl sulforim, greater efficacy per gram is obtainable in this form.

[0613] Conceivably, where a particular pathogen is difficult to address but still clearly known to be treatable by higher doses of flumetyl sulforim, a very high load concentrate could be prepared by combining a flumetylsulforim oil dispersion concentrate with a emulsifiable concentrate liquid comprising dissolved flumetylsulforim, to increase the total amount of flumetylsulforim that can be included in a concentrate, Inventors however, conceive that it would be much simpler to obtain enhancement of the flumetylsulforim by use of the disclosed Isoprene unit based compounds than trying to “insert” higher contents of flumetylsulforim.

[0614] In one embodiment an emulsifiable concentrate comprising, for example, up to

[0615] 50 g a.i. / L flumetylsulforim dissolved in a non-aqueous vehicle, is combined with one or more flumetylsulforim-enhancing compounds to enhance the efficacy of the dissolved flumetylsulforim such that the efficacy obtained is comparable with much higher “doses” of flumetylsulforim when applied as part of a program to address plant pathogens such as fungal pathogens to treat or protect crop plants.

[0616] TRIALS

[0617] Example 1 Study Conducted In Controlled Environment Chamber (Climatic chamber) In planta evaluation of the impact of candidates as flumetylsulforim-enhancing compounds on the fungicidal efficacy of flumetylsulforim towards Phakopsora pachyrhizi in Soybean plants.

[0618] The objective of this trial was to evaluate the biological effectiveness of a stock composition comprising flumetylsulforim when applied as a preventive treatment in mixture with a set of candidate compounds towards an economically important fungal pathogen, Asian Soybean Rust (ASR).

[0619] For this purpose the experimental program was divided into three steps, comprising two calibration steps, and a pivotal comparative trial step.

[0620] In the first step a Suspension Concentrate composition comprising Flumetylsulforim at a concentration of 500 g / L was tested alone in order to establish its dose-response curve. In the second step, various calibration steps were integrated whether any additional solubilizing ingredients such as solvents would interfere with the comparative analysis as either being themselves fungicidal or in any was detrimental to either the Flumetylsulforim or the test samples.

[0621]

[0622] As a result of the preliminary calibration test steps it was decided to exclude additional solubilizing ingredients for solubilizing the candidate compounds in the pivotal trials herein disclosed, as they were sometimes found to have enhancing attributes which would complicate the analysis of enhancement in combination. No inference should be attached to this choice to not employ solubilizing ingredients such as EtOH, for solubilizing the candidate compounds in these trials, as this choice was solely to ensure that an accurate reflection of the enhancement attributable to the candidate compound was recorded. When implementing the invention based on these trials, Inventors expect that formulation considerations will take a greater role.

[0623] Further, based on the calibration steps, in the pivotal trial, the stock Flumetylsulforim 500 SC composition, was tested “straight”, and in two-way (binary), mixtures with each of the candidate compounds at an application rate of Flumetylsulforim 100 g / Ha which was found to be about 40% efficacious in the test disease Soybean Rust caused by the pathogen Phakopsora pachyrhizi on the tested variety of Soybean. The stock Flumetylsulforim 500 SC composition and / or the stock Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing candidate compound were applied in a diluted spray mix at a volume of 150 Liters per Hectare. Practitioners will understand that this diluted spray volume standardized for the purposes of this trial can be adjusted by the practitioner to suit the particular, crop, growing setting and pathogen. These adjustments of volume are ell within the scope of even the less skilled practitioner. For example, fungicidal programs based on spaying from unmanned arial vehicles may often employ much smaller volumes and perhaps higher concentrations as is common in that platform. Similarly in another example, fungicidal programs based on spaying from using very accurate spraying equipment capable of reducing wasted spray by delivering only to the plant leaf surface (in orchards), may often employ much smaller volumes per Hectare, while delivering the same amount of the combinations to the plant. These adjustments are part and parcel of the day to day basic skills of agricultural and horticultural pesticide practitioners Although the difference between the fungicidal effect of water as a control and the inactive ingredients were found to be statistically insignificant during calibration, these “placebo” effects could be discounted by including the same inactive ingredients in each trial at the same amounts.

[0624]

[0625] Methodology

[0626] Treatment of Soybean Leaves

[0627] Twenty-four hours before inoculation, the first trifoliate leaves were cut from plants of soybean cultivar ‘Siroca’ (RAGT) susceptible to Asian Soybean Rust (ASR), at BBCH 13 growth stage and transferred, adaxial face up, to Petri dishes with water agar amended with an anti-senescence compound. Soybean leaves are then treated with a hand sprayer adjusted to deliver a volume equivalent to 1501 / ha of the products listed in the tables. For each experimental condition 4 replicates of trifoliate leaves were tested. Experiments on soybean rust using the stock Flumetyl sulforim 500 SC composition described and candidate compounds with inactive ingredients at the same amounts. After treatment, fungicide treated plants are left to dry in a ventilated area at room temperature for 1 hour. Finally, trifoliate leaves were transferred to a climatic chamber in closed Petri dishes.

[0628] Inoculation and Disease Assessment

[0629] Twenty-four hours after treatment trifoliate leaves were inoculated on their adaxial face using a hand sprayer with a calibrated uredospore suspension of Phakopsora pachyrhizi strain THAU. Closed Petri dishes were then placed in a climatic chamber adjusted to permit disease development. Trifoliate leaves were observed 14 and 21 days post inoculation (dpi) in order to determine the AUDPC (Area Under the Disease Progress Curve) value of each condition obtained from the average disease severity index of leaflets per condition.

[0630] Disease assessment

[0631] The Area Under the Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC) is a quantitative measure of disease intensity overtime. The most commonly used method for estimating the AUDPC is the trapezoidal method that breaks up the disease progress curve of a condition into a series of trapezoids and sums the calculated area of each. The AUDPC is determined using the following formula:

[0632] < <

[0633]

[0634] yi = disease severity at the 1thobservation

[0635] ti = time (days) at the 1thobservation N = total number of observations

[0636]

[0637] The fungicide efficacies were calculated from the AUDPC values and expressed in percent of the control.

[0638] Statistical analysis of the results was carried out using the XL-STAT (Addinsoft®) software.

[0639] Interaction type between products used in two-way mixtures

[0640] Although the enhancement obtainable from combinations of flumetyl sulforim with successful candidate compounds is found to well exceed simple efficacy enhancements, it is useful to analyze efficacy effects and in particular the aspect of numerical efficacy synergism.

[0641] In order to use the Colby approach for assessing synergy or antagonism between compounds, the compound candidates were tested straight at their component concentration in parallel with their mixtures within the same assay.

[0642] This approach benefits from an easy calculation and interpretation.

[0643] The results observed for the mixtures were compared with those expected from the Colby Equation (Colby, 1967).

[0644] Inventors stress, that although this synergy test (Colby) is a useful tool it is by no means the only test for synergy of efficacy and as such other methods of analysis and results considered synergistic are valid in these evaluations.

[0645] In the analysis conducted, Responses range from 0 to 100 percent pathogen reduction: X = Observed efficacy from compound A at p grams a.i. / ha

[0646] Y = Observed efficacy from compound B at q grams a.i. / ha

[0647] E = Expected efficacy for mixture of A and B at (p+q) g ai / ha

[0648] According to Colby’s method:

[0649] E = X + Y - (X*Y / 100) In general, if the observed efficacy is greater than the expected efficacy (Observed > E), then unexpected enhancement is found. We have chosen to present here the most striking examples.

[0650] If the observed efficacy is less than the expected efficacy (Observed < E), we can generally say that antagonism has occurred. If the observed efficacy not significantly greater than the expected efficacy (Observed = E) we assign a term of “additive” effect. Candidate compound when tested alone were accompanied by the mixture of inactive ingredients labeled as blank.

[0651] Results

[0652]

[0653] As can be seen from the results, for each tested compound structurally based on isoprene or 2-methyl-l,3-butadiene units found in the above trial to enhance the fungicidal efficacy of Flumetyl sulforim in Soybean Rust synergistically, there is a clear increase in the level of enhancement of the Flumetyl sulforim efficacy with higher amounts of the compound combined.

[0654] In this trial, only those compounds found to display the most optimized efficacy enhancement above a strict level of numerical synergy are reported while other enhancing compounds can easily be further optimized based on the results herein reported.

[0655] As can clearly be seen in the reported results, changing the ratio between the Flumetylsulforim to the candidate compound from 100:45 to 100: 150 or the concentration of the candidate compound in the combination application, from 0.03% to 0.1% often had a dramatically positive effect on the level of synergistic enhancement of the combination, and thus it is clear that one simple path to optimizing the combinations with other Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing candidate compounds is to judiciously adjust the ratio between the Flumetylsulforim to the candidate compound and / or the concentration of the candidate compound in the combination application with a clear direction from the results reported for increased efficacy.

[0656] Similarly, compounds displaying significant phytotoxicity to the plants, at the concentrations tested were also excluded from reporting here as being less than optimized candidate compounds at these specific ratios and concentrations during application in this specific crop plant setting. However, as mentioned above and can be clearly seen in the reported results, the efficacy effects observed are directly related to the amounts and / or concentrations applied.

[0657] It is commonly observed that often the level or presence of phytotoxic effects is directly or indirectly related to the level of pesticidal efficacy of a pesticidal treatment.

[0658] Thus, similarly to the optimizations suggested above, Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing, Isoprene unit-based candidate compounds displaying excessive levels of harm to the treated plants are commonly found to be those candidates having the highest levels of potency and / or efficacy enhancement of the applied Flumetylsulforim, and thus these compounds too, can be optimized in a simple program of judiciously adjusting the ratio between the Flumetylsulforim to the candidate compound and / or the concentration of the candidate compound in the combination application with a clear opposite direction from the results reported for increased efficacy so as to achieve the optimum enhancement of efficacy coupled with the lowest harm caused to the crop plant.

[0659] None of the above suggested optimizations are difficult nor do they involve excessive effort as the reported results provide clear direction as regards the relationship between the increase / decrease of efficacy and ratios and concentrations.

[0660] In one or two cases however, it is possible that the candidate compounds have displayed an unwelcome interaction with the inactive ingredients in the combination such their clear benefits are not fully realized in the specific test conducted and for these specific candidates, a reformulation of the ingredients in the combination may be warranted. Thus, while the test reported above is a useful method of positively selecting a isoprene-based Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound useful for addressing Asian Soybean Rust at an application rate of 45 g / Ha or 150 g / Ha, using an aqueous spray mix at a concentration of 0.03% or 0.1% combined with Flumetyl sulforim 100g a.i. / Ha using specific inactive ingredients, the above test is not determinative of any “lack” of utility of any tested compound in different disease models in different crops, using different ingredients, and at different concentrations combined with different rates of Flumetylsulforim application.

[0661] As an illustration, at least one candidate compound was clearly seen to enhance the fungicidal efficacy of Flumetylsulforim, applied at a rate of application of 150 g / Ha, from a spray mix with a concentration of 0.1%, however as it did not reach the most optimized enhancement it has not been presented.

[0662] There is no doubt that based on the studies performed during calibration steps that many of the screened compounds structurally related to, or comprising units of isoprene (2-methyl- 1,3 -butadiene) such as Phenylpropanoids, diarylheptanoid, stilbenoid, monoterpenoids, flavones, flavonoids etc., are clearly fungicidally efficacious. While preliminary results indicate that they might not provide the surprising levels of enhancement required for denoting optimized success, they would be very useful in replacing a portion of the Flumetylsulforim used in a fungicidal program without loss of efficacy and even providing significant benefits, even if not synergistic. At the simplest level, it is worth noting that the majority of the isoprene unit-based compounds are significantly cheaper than commercial synthetic fungicides, so that the economic advantages of combining lower dosages of Flumetyl sulforim with these compounds is clear. This is especially the case where the specific compound is found to be plant-safe and able to be applied at much greater amounts than would be safe with synthetic pesticides.

[0663] While other compounds have been found to display significant levels of Flumetylsulforim enhancement, at different percentage contents, and concentrations, and by other measures of enhancement, the data presented in this trial is limited to these most startling levels of numerical synergy at the two applied application ratios specifically in Soybeans addressing Asian Soybean Rust, Flumetylsulforim : Enhancing Compound ratio of 100 g / Ha : 45 g / Ha and lOOg / Ha : 150 g / Ha.

[0664] The invention however is in no way limited to addressing only this pathogen in only this plant and only at these application ratios, but the test protocol established in the trial above is a useful model in many other disease models, in many crop plants and the effects attainable by combining Flumetylsulforim with many compounds structurally related to, or comprising units of isoprene (2-methyl- 1,3 -butadiene) such as monoterpenoids, flavones, flavonoids etc., often usefully selected from estragole, eugenol, acetyl eugenol, Anethole, 2-Methoxy-5-prop-l-enylphenol (Isochavibetol), carvacrol, thymol, menthol, Citral, citronellal, linalool, borneol, terpineol, myrtenol, flavones, aurones, flavanones, chaicones, and dihydrochalcone as flumetyl sulforimenhancing compounds.

[0665] And thus in addition to the above trial being proof of concept it is also to be viewed as “A Method for Selecting, a compound as useful as a flumetylsulforim-enhancing compound. Common Sense and Care should be exercised in evaluating other attributes such as the potential for Phytotoxicity.

[0666] During studies, various (non-Isoprene-based) compounds appeared extremely potent enhancement compounds however at the concentrations that were applied to plants they were found to cause phytotoxic harm. The compounds clearly needed to be applied at lower concentrations, but until a test shows no significant phytotoxicity at a tested concentration it is best avoided until the correct concentration and ratio is established. Some target pathogenic conditions for trials include Soybean Rust caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi in soybean plants. Wheat Puccinia slriiformis. Puccinia trilicina. Blumeria graminis, Zymoseptoria tritici (wheat), Fusarium spp, Barley Puccinia hordei, Blumeria graminis, Pyrenophora teres, Rhynchosporium secalis and Ramularia collo-cygni.

[0667] Addressing Barlev net blotch (Pyrenophora teres and Ramularia leaf spot (Ramularia collo-cygni on barley.

[0668] A trial is conducted of specific compounds structurally based on Isoprene units as Flumetylsulforim-Enhancing compounds with Flumetylsulforim.

[0669] It is noted that further experimental arms are conducted with and without other different pesticidal compounds e.g., fungicide compounds. These additional trial arms are perhaps usefully based on publications including PCT / DK2016 / 050292 although no limitation is implied at all other than as inspiration. The crops and pathogens addressed in PCT / DK2016 / 050292 are useful as the basis for assessing the advantages of adding Flumetylsulforim-enhancing compounds to Flumetylsulforim. In general, when designing the trials, it is advantageous to choose particularly low doses of Flumetylsulforim with or without other active fungicidal components that are not expected to be sufficiently efficacious so that the advantages of adding one or more compounds structurally based on isoprene or 2-methyl-l,3-butadiene units as candidate Flumetylsulforim- enhancing compounds.

[0670] A series of experiments are conducted to evaluate the fungicidal control of Barley net blotch (Pyrenophora teres) and Ramularia leaf spot (Ramularia collo-cygni) on barley with a compound structurally based on isoprene or 2-methyl- 1,3 -butadiene units with or without Flumetylsulforim. The experiment is conducted by applying Flumetylsulforim. The combinations and / or compositions are diluted in water for application. Further trial arms are conducted wherein further fungicides are added and compared. Treatment list

[0671]

[0672]

[0673] The Barley plants are sprayed with each one of the above treatments to test for fungicidal control of Barley net blotch (Pyrenophora teres) and Ramularia leaf spot (Ramularia collo-cygni) in Barley. Each of the above treatments is applied from 1 to 10 times according to the disease development, applications occurring 7-14 days after the previous one. The treatments are composed of 4 replicates. Evaluations are performed for the whole duration of the experiment.

[0674] As regards possible compositions of Flumetyl sulforim, examples of various types of composition ingredients are discussed in PCT application PCT / IB2020 / 056828 which may be useful for preparing compositions according to the invention in order to test the advantages on the inventive combinations. Incorporated here as regards the composition ingredients and preparation only.

[0675] We note that recently published application PCT / IB2023 / 052005, hereby incorporated as regards Flumetyl sulforim compositions and preparation, includes a suspension concentrate composition of Flumetyl sulforim and we see no reason why similar compositions should not be useful vehicles for comparing compositions of Flumetylsulforim, with and without additional pesticidal compounds as compared with the inclusion of the disclosed Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compounds. It should be made very clear however that the instant invention is in no way limited by the vehicle, composition, type used, although of course composition and formulation skills will be useful in optimizing the composition embodiments however, they are well within the skills of formulators in this field. It should also be clear that formulating one or more combinations according to the herein disclosed invention, in a manner so as to impair the benefits obtainable or for that matter, to inhibit enhancement, will not remove the formulated combination from the scope of the invention, it will simply be seen as a failed attempt to both benefit from the inventive insight herein disclosed while not being limited by the bounds of a particular claim limitation. These types of efforts are unfortunately too common.

[0676] Inventors recognize that formulation techniques exist that can be used to artificially mask the enhancement that will be realized in real agricultural settings by use of ingredients that in the laboratory will display little or no enhancement. Thus the invention is not limited by any level of enhancement but only the identity of the combined compounds.

[0677] The methods of preparing some illustrative compositions are also to be found in the referenced applications referred to and ordinarily formulators will adjust the relative contents of these to include the Hum etyl sulforim-enhancing compounds readily.

[0678] An illustration of a vehicle for testing and comparing Flum etyl sulforim combinations with and without Flum etyl sulforim-enhancing compound(s) compounds, can be based on the disclosure of PCT / IB2023 / 052005, the contents of which are hereby included in its entirety only as pertains to the compositions and methods of preparations.

[0679] When testing the combinations of the invention it is possible to take an exemplary concentrated composition and dilute it in a spray tank with water to the ready to spray concentration with or without the Flum etyl sulforim-enhancing compound(s) either prepared as part of the concentrate or added to the tank-mix. In a similar fashion the additional different pesticidal compounds (if included) are also included either as components prepared in the concentrate or as separately prepared or obtained compositions all as described generally above.

[0680] The illustrative compositions that can be used to test the advantages of the inventive compositions can be based on the compositions as illustrated in pending application No. PCT / 1B2019 / 059456 claiming priority to US 62 / 755,866 the contents of which are hereby included in its entirety as regards composition and method of preparation. These compositions are only illustrative and no intention to limit the invention to these compositions or even the type of composition, although, useful for formulation directions. The illustrative compositions can be based on the compositions as illustrated in pending Argentinian patent application No. 20230101145 claiming priority to US 63 / 339,982 incorporated herein as regards compositions and methods of preparations. These compositions are only illustrative and no intention to limit the invention to these compositions or even the type of composition, although, although they are useful for formulation directions, in preparing compositions comprising the combinations of the invention.

[0681] In general, the inclusion of the flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound(s), can allow for reduction of all fungicide components in the combinations by about 10-50% without significant loss of fungicidal efficacy as well as plant health related benefits.

[0682] It is shown in trials that, when Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound(s) is included / used, it is possible to reduce the rate of application of all the fungicides in the tested combinations by between 20 and 40 % which will be seen when comparing the efficacy of composition that are sprayed e.g., at 1.8 L / Ha to those applied at 2.0L and 2.2 L / Ha in one specific illustrative example.

[0683] DISCUSSION

[0684] Acceptable treatments applications are those that do not cause visual symptoms of phytotoxicity to soybean plants, as observed visually, there is little point in increasing fungicidal efficacy if it accompanied by damage to the crop plant.

[0685] The first two applications of the fungicide treatments are generally carried out preventively, without the presence of symptoms of Asian rust in soybean plants. In the evaluation prior to the third application, the first symptoms of the disease are detected in the experiment, but only in the control treatment, without application of fungicides. In the next evaluation, prior to the fourth application, the disease is already present in all treatments and with significantly higher severity in the control without controlling pesticide, with no difference between the fungicides being tested.

[0686] In severity assessments, being performed at 7, 14, 21 and 28 DAA4, Asian Soybean Rust is expected to evolve rapidly and a greater differentiation between treatments with regard to control efficiency is expected. In general, a superior performance of all treatments compared to the commercial product is expected, and this effect is expected to be clearly significant at 7 and 28 DAA4. Sometimes the treatments are dose related. The AUDPC and defoliation data will confirm the results and show high control efficiency in all fungicide treatments, with a reduction of the order of about 80%. All treatments with fungicide application produces more disease control than the untreated control.

Claims

Claims1) Isoprene unit-based compound for use as an enhancement agent, for Flumetylsulforim.2) Compounds structurally related to, or comprising units of isoprene (2-methyl-l,3- butadiene) such as Phenylpropanoids, diarylheptanoids, stilbenoids, Monoterpenoids, monoterpenes, flavones, Flavonoids, flavonoids for use as an enhancement agent, for Flumetylsulforim.3) Compounds selected from mono terpenoids, flavones, flavonoids, estragole, eugenol, acetyl eugenol, Anethole, 2-Methoxy-5-prop-l-enylphenol (Isochavibetol), carvacrol, thymol, menthol, Citral, citronellal, linalool, borneol, terpineol, myrtenol, flavones, aurones, flavanones, chaicones, and dihydrochalcone as flumetyl sulforimenhancing compounds.4) A combination of one or more Isoprene unit-based compounds and Flumetylsulforim.5) A compound structurally related to, or comprising units of isoprene (2-methyl-l,3- butadiene) such as Phenylpropanoids, diarylheptanoids, stilbenoids, Monoterpenoids, monoterpenes, flavones, Flavonoids, flavonoids combined with Flumetylsulforim.6) One or more compounds selected from monoterpenoids, flavones, flavonoids, estragole, eugenol, acetyl eugenol, Anethole, 2-Methoxy-5-prop-l-enylphenol (Isochavibetol), carvacrol, thymol, menthol, Citral, citronellal, linalool, borneol, terpineol, myrtenol, flavones, aurones, flavanones, chaicones, and dihydrochalcone combined with flumetylsulforim.7) A composition comprising, one or more Isoprene unit-based compounds, Flumetylsulforim, and one or more agriculturally acceptable additive.8) A composition comprising one or more Isoprene unit-based compounds, Flumetylsulforim in aqueous medium such as water.9) A composition comprising,a) one or more compounds structurally related to, or comprising units of isoprene (2 -methyl- 1,3 -butadiene) such as Phenylpropanoids, diarylheptanoids, stilbenoids, Monoterpenoids, monoterpenes, flavones, Flavonoids, flavonoids, b) Flumetyl sulforim, andc) one or more agriculturally acceptable additive.10) A composition comprisinga) one or more compounds structurally related to, or comprising units of isoprene (2-methyl-l,3-butadiene) such as Phenylpropanoids, diarylheptanoids, stilbenoids, Monoterpenoids, monoterpenes, flavones, Flavonoids, flavonoids, andb) Flumetyl sulforim,in aqueous medium such as water.11) A composition comprisinga) one or more compounds selected from monoterpenoids, flavones, flavonoids, eugenol, acetyl eugenol, Anethole, 2-Methoxy-5-prop-l-enylphenol (Isochavibetol), carvacrol, thymol, menthol, Citral, citronellal, linalool, borneol, terpineol, myrtenol, flavones, aurones, flavanones, chaicones, and dihydrochalcone,b) flumetylsulforim-enhancing compounds, andc) one or more agriculturally acceptable additive.12) A composition comprisinga) one or more compounds selected from monoterpenoids, flavones, flavonoids, such as, estragole, eugenol, acetyl eugenol, Anethole, 2-Methoxy-5-prop-l- enylphenol (Isochavibetol), carvacrol, thymol, menthol, Citral, citronellal, linalool, borneol, terpineol, myrtenol, flavones, aurones, flavanones, chaicones, and dihydrochalconeb) flumetylsulforim-enhancing compounds, andin aqueous medium such as water.13) A method of addressing an agricultural pathogen by use of a combined application program comprising flumetyl sulforim and one or more compounds structurally related to, or comprising units of isoprene (2-methyl- 1,3 -butadiene).14) A method of addressing an agricultural pathogen by use of a combined application program comprising flumetyl sulforim and one or more compounds selected from monoterpenoids, flavones, flavonoids, eugenol, acetyl eugenol, Anethole, 2- Methoxy-5-prop-l-enylphenol (Isochavibetol), carvacrol, thymol, menthol, Citral, citronellal, linalool, borneol, terpineol, myrtenol, flavones, aurones, flavanones, chaicones, and dihydrochalcone.15) A method of addressing an agricultural fungal disease in an agricultural crop setting, the method comprisinga) application of between about 50g a.i. / Ha to about 200g a.i. / Ha flumetyl sulforim, andb) application of between one or more compounds selected from monoterpenoids, flavones, flavonoids, eugenol, acetyl eugenol, Anethole, 2-Methoxy-5-prop-l- enylphenol (Isochavibetol), carvacrol, thymol, menthol, Citral, citronellal, linalool, borneol, terpineol, myrtenol, flavones, aurones, flavanones, chaicones, and dihydrochalcone.16) An Isoprene unit-based compound for use as pesticidal and / or fungicidal enhancement agent, for enhancing the efficacy and / or performance of flumetyl sulforim.17) An Isoprene unit-based compound for use as a performance enhancement agent, for enhancing the performance of flumetyl sulforim or derivatives thereof.18) The Isoprene unit-based compound for use as pesticidal, fungicidal and / or performance enhancement agent of flumetyl sulforim as compared with the use of non- Isoprene unit-based pesticidally active pesticidal, fungicidal or performance enhancement agents.19) A combination of, Isoprene unit-based compound, flumetyl sulforim, and one or more additional different fungicides, such as, triazole fungicide, strobilurin fungicide, SDHI fungicide wherein the Isoprene unit-based compound, is selectedfrom Phenylpropanoids, diarylheptanoids, stilbenoids, Monoterpenoids, monoterpenes, flavones, Flavonoids, and flavonoids.20) A combination of flumetyl sulforim, triazole fungicide and one or more Isoprene unit-based compound, and optionally, additional pesticidal compounds wherein, the Isoprene unit-based compound is one or more of monoterpenoid, flavone, flavonoid, estragole, eugenol, acetyl eugenol, Anethole, 2-Methoxy-5-prop-l-enylphenol (Isochavibetol), carvacrol, thymol, menthol, Citral, citronellal, linalool, borneol, terpineol, myrtenol, flavones, aurones, flavanones, chaicones, and dihydrochalcone.21) The combination of claim 20 comprising strobilurin fungicide, and optionally, additional pesticidal compounds.22) The combination of claim 20 comprising succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicide, and optionally, additional pesticidal compounds.23) The combination of claim 20 comprising two additional fungicides.24) A method for reducing the environmental impact of fungicidal treatment by reducing the amount of additional pesticides used as efficacy or performance enhancing agent in a combination of additional pesticide and flumetyl sulforim, wherein the method comprises combining at least one, compound structurally related to, or comprising units of 2-methyl-l,3-butadiene, such as Phenylpropanoids, diarylheptanoids, stilbenoids, Monoterpenoids, monoterpenes, flavones, Flavonoids, and flavonoids with the flumetylsulforim and additional pesticide, wherein,i. the compound structurally related to, or comprising units of 2-methyl-l,3- butadiene comprises naturally sourced or derived compounds, and / orii. the compound structurally related to, or comprising units of 2-methyl-l,3- butadiene comprises one or more of, Phenylpropanoids, diarylheptanoids, stilbenoids, Monoterpenoids, monoterpenes, flavones, Flavonoids, and flavonoids, and / oriii. the compound structurally related to, or comprising units of 2-methyl-l,3- butadiene comprises one or more of, monoterpenoid, flavone, flavonoid, estragole, eugenol, acetyl eugenol, Anethole, 2-Methoxy-5-prop-l-enylphenol (Isochavibetol), carvacrol, thymol, menthol, Citral, citronellal, linalool, borneol, terpineol, myrtenol, flavones, aurones, flavanones, chaicones, and dihydrochalcone,wherein the pesticidal performance of the reduced amount of additional pesticide in combination with flumetyl sulforim and compound structurally related to, or comprising units of 2-methyl-l,3-butadiene, is equivalent or greater than the performance of a combination of unreduced amount of the same additional pesticide andflumetyl sulforim, absent the compound structurally related to, or comprising units of 2-methy 1 -1,3 -butadi ene .25) The combination or composition of any one of the preceding claims, combined with an agriculturally acceptable adjuvant such as methyl soyate, and diluted in a Tankmix.26) A kit for obtaining the combination or composition of any one of the preceding claims comprising a packaged composition of flumetyl sulforim.27) A kit for obtaining the combination of any one of the preceding claims comprising a packaged composition of an Isoprene unit-based compound, a packaged composition of Isoprene unit-based compound, flumetyl sulforim and an agriculturally acceptable adjuvant such as methyl soyate, spreading agent, penetrant, compatibility agent, or drift retardant, wherein the combination is obtained by combining the composition of the Isoprene unit-based compound, the composition of flumetyl sulforim, and agriculturally acceptable adjuvant in water.28) The combination, composition or method of any one of the preceding claims wherein the content of the isoprene unit-based compound is selected from the group of, between about lOg / ha and about 350g / ha;between about 30g / ha and about 75g / ha;between about 45g / ha and about 150g / ha;between about 40 g / ha and about 90 g / ha; andbetween 43.75g / ha and 87.5 g / ha.29) The combination of any one of the preceding claims or compositions in which it is contained, wherein the content of isoprene unit-based based compound is betweengreater than 0% and less than 10% by weight of the combination or of the composition in which it is contained.30) The combination of any one of the preceding claims or compositions in which it is contained, wherein the isoprene unit-based compound is provided as a liquid comprising any of 0.01%, 0.03%, 0.06%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.45%, 0.75% or about 1% %, wherein,(i) the isoprene unit-based compound comprises naturally sourced or derived compounds, and / or(ii) isoprene unit-based compound comprises one or more of, monoterpenoid, flavone, flavonoid, estragole, eugenol, acetyl eugenol, Anethole, 2- Methoxy-5-prop-l-enylphenol (Isochavibetol), carvacrol, thymol, menthol, Citral, citronellal, linalool, borneol, terpineol, myrtenol, flavones, aurones, flavanones, chaicones, and dihydrochalcone, and / or(iii) the isoprene unit-based compound comprises one or more of,, phenylpropanoids monoterpenoids and Monoterpenes, Flavonoids.31) A combination, composition or method of addressing a crop pathogen on a crop plant or its locus comprising, Flumetyl sulforim and Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound(s) selected from one or more of Carvacrol, Estragole, Eugenol, Acetyl eugenol, and Thymol wherein ratio between the Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound and the Flumetyl sulforim is limited to,a) between no less than about 0.2: 1 to no more than about 2:1,b) between about 0.45 : 1 to about 1.5:1,c) between no less than about 0.25:1 to no more than about 1.85:1,d) between no less than about 0.3 : 1 to no more than about 1.8:1, and / ore) between no less than about 0.35:1 to no more than about 1.7:132) A method of addressing a crop pathogen on a crop plant or its locus comprising, Flumetyl sulforim and Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound(s) selected from one or more of Carvacrol, Estragole, Eugenol, Acetyl eugenol, and Thymol wherein the concentration at which the Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound is applied to the crop plant is limited to,a) no less than about 0.01% from a diluted spray mix,b) no less than about 0.015% from a diluted spray mix,c) no less than about 0.02% from a diluted spray mix, ord) no less than about 0.025% from a diluted spray mix.33) The method of addressing a crop pathogen on a crop plant or its locus as claimed in claim 32 wherein the concentration at which the Flumetyl sulforim-enhancing compound is applied to the crop plant is limited to,a) no more than about 2% from a diluted spray mix,b) no more than about 1% from a diluted spray mix,c) no more than about 0.5% from a diluted spray mix,d) no more than about 0.4% from a diluted spray mix,e) no more than about 0.3% from a diluted spray mix,f) no more than about 0.2% from a diluted spray mix,g) no more than about 0.15% from a diluted spray mix, orh) no more than about 0.12% from a diluted spray mix.34) A combination of flumetyl sulforim with one or more Flumetyl sulforim-Enhancing compounds selected from the groups of Phenylpropanoids; Monoterpenoids and Flavonoids, wherein the weight ratio between flumetyl sulforim and the Flumetylsulforim-Enhancing compound(s) is selected from,i) between about 2.2 : 1 to about 0.6: 1;ii) between about 200:1 to about 6.6 : 1; andiii) between about 1.5:1 to about 2.5:1,iv) between about 100:1 to aboutl: 1.5,v) between about 200: 1 to aboutl :2.5, andvi) between about 100:1 to aboutl :3.5,wherein, “about” includes a variance of ±10% in the value of the number.35) The invention of products, combinations, processes, compositions, methods, system, kit or use, characterized by one or more elements disclosed in the application.

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