Reinforced laminated glass

Abstract

The present invention relates to a reinforced laminated glass of the type usually used in vehicle security and bullet-proofing. The main feature of the invention is that it comprises glass with an inner surface and an outer surface, at least one of the components being reinforced with at least one high-strength inorganic material that is structurally stable.

Description

[0001] REINFORCED LAMINATED GLASS

[0002] TECHNICAL FIELD

[0003] The invention relates to the field of materials technology, specifically to reinforced laminated glass. The reinforced laminated glass of the present invention is suitable for use in industries related to protective and safety glass.

[0004] More specifically, it refers to a reinforced laminated glass in which various sheets of plastic-based organic polymers are combined with glass and reinforced with the addition of inorganic materials of high strength and structural stability.

[0005] BACKGROUND

[0006] Reinforced glass has long been used in the transportation and construction industries. This type of glass is typically a combination of two or more inorganic or organic glass layers bonded together by one or more interlayer films, providing impact protection because the interlayer film absorbs and dampens the impact energy.

[0007] The goal is to obtain a reinforced laminated glass that provides greater safety, for example, to vehicle users, which in addition to meeting the impact resistance requirement, meets the mechanical and optical requirements demanded by automotive vehicle glass, such as rigidity, stability, resistance to abrasion and scratches along with a reduction in the total weight of the reinforced glass.

[0008] Various cutting-edge documents show that the current trend is to seek different combinations of materials and processes to obtain reinforced glass, where the commonly used materials are:

[0009] Polyvinyl butyral (also called "PVB"), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), mainly in the crystalline state (also called "C-PET"), polyurethane (also called "PU"), polycarbonate (also called "PC"), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and / or polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS).

[0010] US patent 10,093,079 B2 discloses a reinforced glass particularly for increasing the safety of motor vehicle users, which combines sheets or films of Pll, C-PET and / or PC.

[0011] US patent application 2019 / 0169067 A1 discloses a coating for glass reinforced with sheets or films of PET, PC, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) or polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and PU or PU foam.

[0012] International application WO 2003 / 006240 A1 discloses a multi-film composite used in engineered laminated glass reinforced with plasticized PVB, PU, ​​PC, and PET films.

[0013] Chinese patent application CN 103486908A discloses a type of bulletproof glass, which is successively composed of at least one laminated glass layer, reinforced with PU films; PC sheets, selected PVB film, ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) or thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). It may even include two safety glass sheets bonded or reinforced by PVB, PU film and a PC sheet.

[0014] US patent 9,945,641 B2 discloses a bulletproof glass for use in a motor vehicle, which is composed of one or more glass panes reinforced by a PU film and a PVB film.

[0015] PCT patent application WO2024101978A1 describes, for the first time, a reinforced multi-laminated glass with a reinforced bevel, but it does not specifically focus on the upper frames as the most vulnerable area of ​​ballistic glass in vehicles. The bevel provides strength in the area where the glass fits into the window, but by thinning the materials used in that patent in the upper frame, its strength is reduced, given that these are combinations of materials such as polyurethane and polycarbonate.

[0016] In summary, the materials currently used to reinforce glass, aiming to achieve high safety standards that meet impact resistance requirements, and provide scratch and abrasion resistance in order to offer greater safety, better visibility, less thickness, less weight, and a better aesthetic appearance, are polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyurethane (PU), polycarbonate (PC), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA); that is, they are all polymeric materials that are classified as plastics.

[0017] In all cases, these are organic polymers with a plastic base.

[0018] PVB (Polyvinyl Butyral): Thermoplastic used in glass lamination.

[0019] PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate): Common thermoplastic in containers and bottles.

[0020] Pll (Polyurethane): Can be thermoplastic or thermoset; used in foams and coatings.

[0021] C-PET (Crystallized Polyethylene Terephthalate): Common thermoplastic in containers and bottles.

[0022] PC (Polycarbonate): Thermoplastic known for its strength and transparency, used in lenses and casings.

[0023] ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene): Durable thermoplastic, common in toys and automotive components.

[0024] PMMA (Polymethyl methacrylate): Transparent thermoplastic, commonly known as acrylic.

[0025] PDMS (Polydimethylsiloxane): An elastomer that is also considered a plastic in various applications.

[0026] EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate): is a plastic-based organic polymer. It is formed by the copolymerization of ethylene and vinyl acetate. It is known for its flexibility, transparency, and impact resistance, making it useful in a variety of applications, such as footwear, adhesives, coatings, and packaging.

[0027] Disadvantages of previous art

[0028] Various combinations of plastic-based organic polymer sheets encapsulating glass have resulted in highly effective laminated reinforced glass.

[0029] However, the main challenge is to increase the resistance of the final product to impacts while maintaining the greatest possible transparency of the product, resulting in better visibility.

[0030] On the other hand, minimizing the overall thickness of the final product is also a clear and difficult problem to solve with current technology. The challenge is to increase impact resistance without significantly increasing the thickness of the final product.

[0031] It is known that the greater the number of sheets or layers encapsulating a glass, the lower the final visibility achieved in the laminated product.

[0032] Currently, many solutions are achieved by layering several layers of various types of plastic-based organic polymers. For example, laminated reinforced glass can have one or more layers of polycarbonate, polyvinyl butyral, PET, or C-PET, etc.

[0033] The challenge then is to achieve greater resistance to impacts and pressures with the least amount of layers encapsulating the glass and the greatest possible visibility.

[0034] On the other hand, in previous designs, in standard ballistic glass, the upper frames, also known as tabs, are often the most vulnerable areas due to the reduced thickness that allows for adjustment within the window sashes and frames. This leaves the glass more exposed and less resistant in these sections. The reduced thickness in these areas decreases the overall strength of the frames, making them vulnerable.

[0035] Generally, as can be deduced from previous art, the frames are reinforced with steel, which complicates the process of preparing the laminated glass and may even require modifications to the doors and frames of the vehicles.

[0036] ADVANTAGES OF THE INVENTION

[0037] The incorporation of inorganic materials with high strength and structural stability, such as graphene, carbon nanotubes or silicon in the form of sheets, films or plates; or as solid or liquid additives, applied during the formation of films, plates or sheets of plastic-based organic polymers, significantly improves the impact resistance of the laminated glass to which they are applied, also improving its transparency and allowing the reduction of the thickness and weight of the products obtained.

[0038] On the other hand, and with respect to the background information that discloses stepped or beveled edges of the encapsulation of laminated reinforced glass, the advantage offered by this invention with the incorporation of inorganic materials of high resistance and structural stability, such as graphene, carbon nanotubes or silicon in the form of sheets, films or plates, or as solid or liquid additives, applied during the formation of films, plates or sheets of organic polymers of plastic base, is that they allow the formation of bevels or steps of very high impact resistance with a minimal increase in the final thickness of both the beveled and stepped sectors and the internal portion of the multi-laminate that accompanies the glass on its entire surface, as can be seen in the description of the figures.

[0039] Layers of graphene or carbon nanotubes, combined with polyurethane and polycarbonate or by adding layers of polyurethane and / or polycarbonate, across the entire surface of the glass, especially in the frames, eliminate the need for steel reinforcements and simplify the manufacturing process.

[0040] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0041] The present invention relates to a reinforced laminated glass of the type commonly used in safety and bulletproof applications in vehicles, whose main characteristic is that it comprises a glass having an inner surface and an outer surface; at least one of the components is reinforced with at least one inorganic material of high strength and structural stability.

[0042] Plastic-based organic polymer sheets may be one or more and are selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl butyral, polyethylene terephthalate, crystalline polyethylene terephthalate, polyurethane, polycarbonate, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, polymethyl methacrylate, ethylene-vinyl acetate, polydimethylsiloxane and similar plastic-based organic polymers.

[0043] Regarding the inorganic material with high strength and structural stability, it can be selected from the group consisting of carbon, graphene, carbon nanotubes, and silicon.

[0044] This inorganic material with high strength and structural stability can be presented in sheet form, as well as in powder or liquid form, acting as an additive that is incorporated into glass or plastic-based organic material during the respective manufacturing processes.

[0045] A particular implementation of the advantageous innovations of this patent can be seen in a glass with an outer and an inner surface. The outer surface is understood to be the face of the glass that faces the exterior of the vehicle in which it will be installed, while the inner surface is understood to be the face of the glass that faces the interior of the vehicle. Starting from the outer surface and following a proximal-to-distal order with respect to said outer surface, a first outer layer of polyurethane, an outer layer of graphene, a second outer layer of polyurethane, and an outer layer of C-PET are superimposed; while starting from the aforementioned inner surface of the glass and following a proximal-to-distal order with respect to said inner surface, a first inner layer of polyurethane, an inner layer of graphene, a second inner layer of polyurethane, and an inner layer of polycarbonate are superimposed.

[0046] It is also a possible embodiment covered by this invention, a laminated safety glass comprising a glass with an outer surface and an inner surface, wherein from the aforementioned outer surface and following a proximal-distal order with respect to said outer surface, a first outer layer of polyurethane, a second outer layer of polyurethane and an outer layer of C-PET are superimposed; while from the aforementioned inner surface of said glass, in a proximal-distal order with respect to said inner surface, a first inner layer of polyurethane, a second inner layer of polyurethane and an inner layer of polycarbonate are superimposed; wherein at least one of the outer layers of polyurethane and / or at least one of the inner layers of polyurethane are additively treated with graphene.

[0047] As is typical in this type of structure, an adhesive film is applied to all or at least two of the layers that make up reinforced laminated glass. This film usually consists of polyurethane or polyvinyl butyral, although it could be any other material compatible with the bonding function between layers. The central glass pane is included as a layer.

[0048] On the other hand, the invented structure can be implemented in reinforced laminated glass where each of the constituent layers maintains approximately the same shape and dimensions as the glass it encapsulates. Another configuration contemplated by the present invention is that all or some of the layers encapsulating the glass form a step at least along a portion of the glass's perimeter. The step or steps formed on one or both sides of the encapsulating glass, encompassing all or only some of the encapsulating layers, may be beveled. In both cases, a peripheral portion of at least one of the glass surfaces (internal or external) will remain free of reinforcement.

[0049] Thus, a vahante can be presented in which the encapsulated crystal has a step on its outer surface, beveled or not, and on its inner surface is entirely covered by a first layer of a plastic-based organic polymer (for example: polyurethane or polycarbonate), a layer of an inorganic material of high strength and structural stability (for example, graphene or carbon nanotubes) and a second layer of a plastic-based organic polymer (for example: polyurethane or polycarbonate).

[0050] Another construction option will feature a step on its outer surface, beveled or not, and on its inner surface it will maintain over the entire inner surface, two layers of polyurethane additive with an inorganic material of high resistance and structural stability (for example, graphene or carbon or silicon nanotubes), and then, yes, cut a portion of the rest of the sheets that make up the inner side of the encapsulation.

[0051] In another case, it could be the glass itself that, during its manufacturing process, is added with one of the organic materials with high resistance and structural stability.

[0052] Finally, in another aspect of the formation of the reinforced laminated glass of the present invention, in at least a part of the contour of the reinforced laminated glass, the reinforcing multi-layer comprises a bevel formed on plastic-based organic polymers and inorganic materials of high strength and structural stability.

[0053] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0054] To elaborate on the advantages thus briefly discussed, to which users and experts in the field may add many more, and to facilitate the understanding of the constructive, constitutive and functional characteristics of the invented suspension installation, a preferred embodiment is described below, which is illustrated schematically and without a specific scale in the attached plates, with the express clarification that, precisely because it is an example, it should not be assigned a limiting or exclusive character to the scope of protection of the present invention, but rather it simply serves a purely explanatory and illustrative purpose regarding the basic concept on which it is based.

[0055] Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of reinforced laminated glass that allows you to see the overlapping of layers including graphene sheets.

[0056] Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of reinforced laminated glass that shows the overlapping layers, some of which are enhanced with graphene.

[0057] Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of reinforced laminated glass that allows one to appreciate the step formed by the materials that encapsulate the glass described in Fig. 1.

[0058] Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of reinforced laminated glass that allows one to appreciate the step formed by the materials that encapsulate the glass described in Fig. 2.

[0059] Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of reinforced laminated glass that allows you to appreciate the beveled step formed by the materials that encapsulate the glass described in Fig. 1.

[0060] Fig. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of reinforced laminated glass that allows you to appreciate the beveled step formed by the materials that encapsulate the glass described in Fig. 2.

[0061] Fig. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of reinforced laminated glass that allows you to appreciate the bevel formed by the materials that encapsulate the glass described in Fig. 1.

[0062] Fig. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of reinforced laminated glass that allows you to appreciate the bevel formed by the materials that encapsulate the glass described in Fig. 2.

[0063] Fig. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of reinforced laminated glass that allows you to appreciate a step formed by the materials that encapsulate the glass described in Fig. 1 on the outer surface of the glass and a partial step on the inner face of the glass, in which layers of plastic-based organic polymers and layers of inorganic materials of high strength and structural stability can be seen.

[0064] Figure 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of reinforced laminated glass that allows you to appreciate a complete step formed by the materials that encapsulate the glass described in Figure 2 on its outer surface and a partial step formed by some of the materials that encapsulate the glass in this sector, some of which are added with inorganic materials of high resistance and structural stability.

[0065] Fig. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view of reinforced laminated glass that shows a beveled step formation formed by the materials encapsulating the glass described in Fig. 1 on the outer surface of the central reinforced glass and a partial beveled step on some of the layers encapsulating the glass on its inner surface, while other layers cover the entire inner surface of the glass.

[0066] Fig. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view of reinforced laminated glass that allows you to appreciate the beveled step formed by the materials that encapsulate the glass described in Fig. 2.

[0067] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0068] The present invention describes reinforced laminated glass with high impact and pressure resistance ratings, which in turn maintain very high transparency and visibility ratings and a minimum thickness.

[0069] This is achieved by using inorganic materials with high strength and structural stability, such as carbon, graphene, carbon nanotubes, and silicon. These materials can also be grouped as advanced carbon and silicon materials. Unlike the plastic-based organic polymers used to date, carbon, graphene, carbon nanotubes, and silica are naturally occurring elements, not synthetic products. However, they could potentially be synthesized in laboratories, which could be beneficial if they retained their structural strength, flexibility, and transparency.

[0070] These materials are distinguished by their high mechanical strength and unique conductivity and rigidity properties. They are materials with high structural strength and unique bonding properties.

[0071] Carbon is the basis of ultra-strong materials such as diamond, graphite, and graphene. In graphene, the covalent bonds between carbon atoms in a single atomic layer give it exceptional strength.

[0072] Graphene is a two-dimensional structure of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal, honeycomb-like pattern. This material, consisting of a single layer of carbon atoms, is extraordinarily thin, with a thickness of only one atom.

[0073] Graphene is extremely flexible and can be deformed without breaking, making it ideal for applications in flexible devices such as displays or sensors.

[0074] As a two-dimensional material, graphene has high thermal conductivity (up to five times greater than copper), meaning it conducts heat very efficiently rather than insulating it. This makes it useful for dissipating heat in electronic devices but less effective as a thermal insulator.

[0075] Graphene is, fundamentally, one of the strongest materials known, approximately 200 times stronger than steel, giving it excellent impact resistance. It can absorb a significant amount of energy before fracturing, making it useful in high-strength applications.

[0076] In multilayer structures or integrated into composite materials, graphene can significantly improve the pressure resistance of the combined material.

[0077] On the other hand, carbon nanotubes are formed by layers of graphene rolled into a cylindrical shape. Graphene is a sheet of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal structure, and by folding this sheet and closing its ends, the nanotube is formed.

[0078] Carbon nanotubes are highly flexible, especially monolayer ones. They can bend and return to their original shape without breaking due to their stable atomic structure and the strong covalent bonds between the carbon atoms.

[0079] Regarding thermal insulation, carbon nanotubes are excellent heat conductors, especially along their longitudinal axis. They can have a thermal conductivity higher than that of copper, making them useful for heat dissipation in electronic applications. In the form of networks or dispersed in polymers, they can have some insulating effect if they are not aligned, but in their pure state, they are not good thermal insulators.

[0080] Regarding impact resistance, carbon nanotubes are extremely impact resistant, due to their high mechanical strength, which is between 10 and 100 times greater than that of steel, depending on the type and arrangement.

[0081] This resistance allows them to absorb large amounts of energy without breaking, making them ideal for reinforcements in impact-resistant materials.

[0082] Regarding their ability to withstand high pressures, carbon nanotubes possess high resistance to pressure in the longitudinal direction due to their rolled-up graphene structure, which allows them to withstand high stresses without deforming. In applications requiring strength in multiple directions, multilayer carbon nanotubes and carbon nanotube composites significantly improve the material's strength.

[0083] As for silicon, although this material is not as strong as graphene in terms of tensile strength, it is highly heat resistant and has a stable structure in multiple environments, making it durable and very useful in applications that require structural and thermal stability.

[0084] The following are two comparative tables based on material impact resistance and material transparency index. Impact Resistance Comparison

[0085] Material Resistance to

[0086] Graphene | Extremely high

[0087] Carbon nanotubes | Extremely high

[0088] Polycarbonate (PC) | High

[0089] Polyurethane (PLL) | High

[0090] Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) | Moderate to High

[0091] Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) | Moderate

[0092] Polyvinyl Butiral (PVB) | Moderate

[0093] Crystalline Polyethylene Terephthalate (C-PET) | Moderate

[0094] Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA) | Moderate in Baja

[0095] Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) | Baja

[0096] Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) | Baja

[0097] Comparison of Transparency Indexes

[0098] Material Transparency index (%)

[0099] Graphene 1 97-98%

[0100] Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) | 92-93%

[0101] Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) | 90-95%

[0102] Crystalline Polyethylene Terephthalate (C-PET) | 85-90%

[0103] Polyvinyl Butiral (PVB) | 85-90%

[0104] Polycarbonate (PC) | 85-90%

[0105] Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) | 80-90%

[0106] EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) | 80-90%

[0107] Polyurethane (Pll) | 70-90%

[0108] Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) | 0-5%

[0109] As can be seen, graphene takes the lead in both comparative tables and shares its leadership with carbon nanotubes in the case of impact resistance.

[0110] For example, a sheet of graphene of a certain thickness is 80% more impact-resistant than a sheet of polycarbonate of similar thickness, while the graphene sheet maintains a transparency index of between 97% and 98%, whereas polycarbonate achieves a transparency index of between 85% and 90%. Therefore, it would be advantageous to add a sheet of graphene rather than a polycarbonate sheet; this would improve the transparency, visibility, and impact resistance of laminated reinforced glass without increasing the final thickness or weight of the product.

[0111] Another application example would be the inclusion of graphene in PLI sheets, as a liquid, powder, or solid additive, added during the manufacturing process. This would increase impact resistance and reduce wear on the sheet, significantly improving the glass's durability.

[0112] Adding graphene to polyurethane or polycarbonate sheets could lead to the possibility of reducing the number of polyurethane layers used or even eliminating some other layers usually associated with polyurethane and intended to increase the structural strength of the final product.

[0113] In short, the incorporation of these inorganic materials with high resistance and structural stability into the multi-layered materials usually made up of plastic-based organic polymers and plastic-based adhesives, forms packages that encapsulate the glass, thus obtaining a reinforced laminated glass with very high standards of safety, resistance to impacts and / or pressures and with optimal visibility and aesthetic conditions.

[0114] The following are described, by way of example and to facilitate the understanding of the present invention, some possible options for shaping reinforced laminated glass, without thereby limiting the scope of protection of the present invention to these few examples.

[0115] It is clarified that, since these are schematic examples of possible configurations of the present invention, these figures do not show the adhesive layers that could be interposed between each layer or between some of them without altering the essence of the present invention.

[0116] Figure 1 shows a possible embodiment of the present invention in which a glass (1) with an outer surface and an inner surface is shown, where from its outer surface and following a proximal-distal order with respect to said outer surface, there are arranged a first outer layer of polyurethane (2), an outer layer of graphene (3), a second outer layer of polyurethane (4) and an outer layer of crystallized polyethylene terephthalate (5); while from the aforementioned inner surface of the glass (1) and following a proximal-distal order with respect to said inner surface, there are arranged a first inner layer of polyurethane (6), an inner layer of graphene (7), a second inner layer of polyurethane (8) and an inner layer of polycarbonate (9).

[0117] Figure 2 shows another possible embodiment of the present invention, in which a glass (1) has an outer surface and an inner surface. Starting from the outer surface and proceeding proximally to distally, the following layers are superimposed: a first outer layer of graphene-modified polyurethane (10), a second outer layer of graphene-modified polyurethane (11), and an outer layer of crystallized polyethylene terephthalate (5). Conversely, starting from the inner surface of the glass (1) and proceeding proximally to distally, the following layers are superimposed: a first inner layer of graphene-modified polyurethane (12), a second inner layer of graphene-modified polyurethane (13), and an inner layer of polycarbonate. This figure does not show the adhesive layers that may be interposed between each layer.

[0118] Fig. 3 allows us to appreciate the reinforced laminated glass described in figure 1, in which at least in a part of the contour of the glass (1) the reinforcing multi-layer made up of the plastic-based organic polymers (2, 4, 5, 6, 8 and 9) and the inorganic materials of high strength and structural stability (3) form a step leaving a portion of the central glass (1) free.

[0119] Fig. 4 allows us to appreciate the reinforced laminated glass described in figure 2, in which at least in a part of the contour of the glass (1) the reinforcing multi-layer made up of the non-additive plastic-based organic polymers (5 and 9) and added with inorganic materials of high resistance and structural stability (10, 11, 12 and 13), form a step leaving a portion of the central glass (1) free.

[0120] Fig. 5 allows us to appreciate the reinforced laminated glass described in figure 1, in which at least in a part of the contour of the glass (1), the reinforcing multi-layer made up of the plastic-based organic polymers (2, 4, 5, 6, 8 and 9) and the inorganic materials of high strength and structural stability (3) form a beveled edge step, leaving a portion of the central glass free.

[0121] Fig. 6 shows the reinforced laminated glass described in Figure 2, in which at least in a part of the contour of the glass (1) the reinforcing multi-layer made up of the non-additive plastic-based organic polymers (5 and 9) and additives with inorganic materials of high resistance and structural stability (10, 11, 12 and 13), form a beveled edge step, leaving a portion of the central glass free.

[0122] Fig. 7 allows us to appreciate the reinforced laminated glass described in figure 1, in which at least in a part of the contour of the glass (1), the reinforcing multi-layer made up of the plastic-based organic polymers (2, 4, 5, 6, 8 and 9) and the inorganic materials of high strength and structural stability (3) form a bevel.

[0123] Fig. 8 shows the reinforced laminated glass described in figure 2, in which at least in a part of the contour of the glass (1) the reinforcing multi-layer made up of the non-additive plastic-based organic polymers (5 and 9) and additives with inorganic materials of high resistance and structural stability (10, 11, 12 and 13), form a bevel.

[0124] Fig. 9 shows the reinforced laminated glass described in Figure 1, in which at least in part of the perimeter of the glass (1) the external reinforcing multi-layer (made up of layers 2, 3, 4 and 5) was cut (the sector intended to enter the guide or frame of the vehicle window, for example) while the internal multi-layer maintains the same throughout the internal surface of the glass (1) a first internal layer of polyurethane (6), an internal layer of graphene (7), a second layer of polyurethane (8) and partially cuts the internal layer of polycarbonate (9).

[0125] Figure 10 shows the reinforced laminated glass described in Figure 2, in which at least in part of the contour of the glass (1) the reinforcing multi-layer made up of the non-additive plastic-based organic polymers (5 and 9) and those added with inorganic materials of high strength and structural stability (10, and 11), form steps, while the added plastic-based organic polymers, for example polyurethane added with graphene (12 and 13), remain accompanying the entire internal surface of the glass (1).

[0126] Figure 11 shows the reinforced laminated glass described in Figure 1, in which at least in part of the perimeter of the glass (1) the external reinforcing multi-layer (made up of layers 2, 3, 4 and 5) was cut forming a beveled step; while the internal multi-layer maintains the same throughout the internal surface of the glass (1) a first and a second internal layers of plastic-based organic polymers (6 and 8) between which is interleaved a layer of an inorganic material of high resistance and structural stability (6) in this example, it is graphene and the internal layer of polycarbonate (9) is partially cut on which a bevel is formed.

[0127] Figure 12 shows the reinforced laminated glass described in Figure 1, in which at least part of the perimeter of the glass (1) the external reinforcing multi-layer (made up of layers 5, 10 and 11) was cut forming a beveled step; while the internal multi-layer maintains the same throughout the internal surface of the glass (1) a first and a second internal layers of plastic-based organic polymers with additives (12 and 13), which are additive with an inorganic material of high resistance and structural stability (such as graphene); finally, the last internal layer of plastic-based organic polymer (9) is partially cut, in this example, it is a polycarbonate layer.

Claims

CLAIMS 1. A reinforced laminated glass characterized in that it comprises at least one glass (1) having an inner surface and an outer surface; at least one sheet of a plastic-based organic polymer; wherein at least one of the aforementioned components is reinforced with at least one inorganic material of high strength and structural stability.

2. The reinforced laminated glass according to claim 1, characterized in that the aforementioned plastic-based organic polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl butyral, polyethylene terephthalate, crystalline polyethylene terephthalate, polyurethane, polycarbonate, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, polymethyl methacrylate, ethylene-vinyl acetate, and polydimethylsiloxane.

3. The reinforced laminated glass according to claim 1, characterized in that the aforementioned inorganic material of high strength and structural stability is selected from the group consisting of carbon, graphene, carbon nanotubes and silicon.

4. Reinforced laminated glass according to claim 1, characterized in that the inorganic material of high strength and structural stability is presented in sheet form.

5. The reinforced laminated glass according to claim 1, characterized in that the inorganic material of high strength and structural stability is presented in the form of an additive included in the conformation of at least one of the plastic-based organic polymer sheets.

6. Reinforced laminated glass according to claim 1, characterized in that the inorganic material of high strength and structural stability is presented in the form of an additive to the glass.

7. The reinforced laminated glass according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it comprises a glass (1) with an outer surface and an inner surface, wherein, starting from said outer surface and following a proximal-distal order with respect to said outer surface, a first outer layer of polyurethane (2), an outer layer of graphene (3), and a second layer are superimposed. external polyurethane (4) and an external layer of crystallized polyethylene terephthalate (5); while from the aforementioned inner surface of the glass (1) and following a proximal-distal order with respect to said inner surface, there are superimposed a first inner layer of polyurethane (6), an inner layer of graphene (7), a second inner layer of polyurethane (8) and an inner layer of polycarbonate (9).

8. The reinforced laminated glass according to claims 1 to 3 and 5; characterized in that it comprises a glass (1) with an outer surface and an inner surface of the glass (1), wherein from said outer surface and following a proximal-distal order with respect to said outer surface, a first outer layer of polyurethane (10), a second outer layer of polyurethane (11) and an outer layer of crystallized polyethylene terephthalate (5) are superimposed; while from said inner surface of the glass (1), and following a proximal-distal order with respect to said inner surface, a first inner layer of polyurethane (12), a second inner layer of polyurethane (13) and an inner layer of polycarbonate (9) are superimposed; wherein at least one of said outer layers of polyurethane (10, 11) and at least one of the inner layers of polyurethane (12, 13) are additively treated with graphene.

9. Reinforced laminated glass according to claims 1 to 7; characterized in that an adhesive film is applied between at least two of the layers that make up the reinforced laminated glass.

10. The reinforced laminated glass according to claim 8, characterized in that the aforementioned adhesive applied between at least two of the layers comprising the reinforced laminated glass is selected from the group consisting of polyurethane and polyvinyl butyral.

11. The reinforced laminated glass according to claims 1 to 4 and 6; characterized in that at least in a part of the contour of the glass (1) on both sides thereof, in the reinforcing multi-layer formed by the plastic-based organic polymers (2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9) and the inorganic materials of high strength and structural stability (3, 7), steps are formed leaving a portion of the glass (1) free.

12. Reinforced laminated glass according to claims 1 to 4 and 6; characterized in that at least in a part of the contour of the outer surface of the glass (1), the reinforcing multi-layer made up of the plastic-based organic polymers (2, 4 and 5) and the layer of inorganic material with high strength and structural stability (3), forms a step leaving a portion of the central glass free; while on a part of the contour of the inner surface of the glass (1), said glass (1) is covered by the first inner layer of polyurethane (6), the inner layer of graphene and the second inner layer of polyurethane (8), while, below, the aforementioned inner layer of polycarbonate (9) is found forming a step.

13. The reinforced laminated glass according to claims 1 to 4 and 6; characterized in that at least on a portion of the contour of the outer surface of the glass (1), the reinforcing multi-layer formed by the plastic-based organic polymers (2, 4 and 5) and the layer of inorganic material of high strength and structural stability (3), forms a beveled step leaving a portion of the central glass free; whereas on a portion of the contour of the inner surface of the glass (1), said glass (1) is covered by the aforementioned first inner layer of polyurethane (6), the inner layer of graphene (7) and the second inner layer of polyurethane (8), whereas, subsequently, the aforementioned inner layer of polycarbonate (9) is cut out forming a beveled step.

14. The reinforced laminated glass according to claims 1 to 4 and 6; characterized in that at least in a part of the contour of the reinforced laminated glass (1), on each of its sides, the reinforcing multi-layer comprises two shaped bevels, one on the external surface of the glass (1), made of plastic-based organic polymers (2, 4 and 5) and the high strength and structural stability material (3); and the other on the internal surface of the glass (1), made of plastic-based organic polymers (6, 8 and 9) and the high strength and structural stability material (7).

15. The reinforced laminated glass according to claims 1, 3 and 5; characterized in that at least in a part of the contour of the glass (1) on both sides thereof, in the multi-layered reinforcement formed by layers, the plastic-based organic polymers (5, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13) form steps leaving a portion of the glass (1) free, wherein at least one of said plastic-based organic polymers (5, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13) is additively treated with a material of high strength and structural stability.

16. The reinforced laminated glass according to claims 1, 3 and 5; characterized in that at least on a portion of the outer surface contour of the glass (1), the reinforcing multi-layer formed by the layers (5, 10 and 11) forms a step, leaving a portion of the central glass free; whereas on a portion of the inner surface contour of the glass (1), said glass (1) is covered by the first inner polyurethane layer (12) and the second inner polyurethane layer (13), whereas, subsequently, the aforementioned inner polycarbonate layer (9) is found forming a step; wherein at least one of said plastic-based organic polymers (5, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13) is additively treated with a material of high strength and structural stability.

17. Reinforced laminated glass according to claims 1, 3 and 5; characterized in that at least on a portion of the outer surface contour of the glass (1), the reinforcing multi-layer formed by the layers (5, 10 and 11) forms a beveled step leaving a portion of the central glass free; whereas on a portion of the inner surface contour of the glass (1), said glass (1) is covered by the first inner polyurethane layer (12) and the second inner polyurethane layer (13), whereas, subsequently, the said inner polycarbonate layer (9) is cut out forming a beveled step; wherein at least one of said plastic-based organic polymers (5, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13) is additively treated with a material of high strength and structural stability.

18. The reinforced laminated glass according to claims 1, 3 and 5; characterized in that at least in a part of the contour of the glass (1), on each of its sides, the reinforcing multi-layer made of plastic-based organic polymers has two shaped bevels, one on the external surface of the glass (1), and the other on the internal surface of the glass (1); wherein at least one of said plastic-based organic polymers (5, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13) is additively made of a material of high strength and structural stability.

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