Method and apparatus for class d modulation
By dynamically controlling the number and voltage level of MOSFETs in a H-bridge switch module based on audio envelope tracking, the method and apparatus reduce switching losses in Class D audio power amplifiers, improving efficiency across various power output levels.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- HARMAN BECKER AUTOMOTIVE SYSTEMS INC
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-28
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-04
AI Technical Summary
Class D audio power amplifiers suffer from significant switching losses due to transistor inefficiencies, particularly in lower power outputting ranges, which is prevalent in most audio playback scenarios.
Implement a method and apparatus that dynamically adjusts the number and voltage level of MOSFETs in a H-bridge switch module based on the audio envelope tracking signal, reducing the number of MOSFETs switched and the switching transition time to minimize power loss.
This approach significantly reduces MOSFET switching loss by dynamically controlling the number and voltage level of MOSFETs, enhancing efficiency, especially in low-power outputting conditions, without affecting high-power outputting performance.
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Figure CN2024135220_04062026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CLASS D MODULATIONTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present inventive subject matter relates generally to audio amplifying technology. More particularly, the present inventive subject matter relates to a method and apparatus for Class D modulation.BACKGROUND
[0002] Nowadays, Class D audio power amplifiers have been increasingly popular in the field of audio systems, especially in vehicle mounted audio systems, for their smaller size and higher efficiency. Such Class D audio power amplifiers can typically operate on pulse width modulation (PWM) , which modulates an audio signal input as a weak analog electrical signal into complementary PWM pulses. Then, by driving one or more speakers with higher voltage and power level of a power supply through a Class D power stage, the one or more speakers can be driven for playback of the audio signal.
[0003] In a Class D audio power amplifier, the Class D power stage can be working as a switching stage that uses transistors and other components as switches. However, due to the significant switching loss of the transistors, the power stage typically has poor efficiency in its lower power outputting. In general, most of time in real music shall be in such lower power outputting range. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a solution that can reduce the switching loss of the Class D power stages while modulating to ensure high-efficiency audio playback.
[0004] SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIVE SUBJECT MATTER
[0005] In order to overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the inventive subject matter is to provide a method for Class D modulation and an apparatus therefore, which may reduce the switching loss on the Class D power stage by dynamically reducing the portion of the total transistors of the Class D power stage.
[0006] In one aspect, the method for Class D modulation is provided in the inventive subject matter. The method may comprise steps of deploying multiple MOSFETs used for switching in a H-bridge switch module. A dynamic voltage level signal can be determined by a comparator module based on an audio envelope tracking signal of an audio input signal. The method may further comprise the steps of dynamically driving a certain portion of the multiple MOSFETs to switch according to the dynamic voltage level signal by a driver module.
[0007] In another aspect, the apparatus for Class D modulation is provided in the inventive subject matter. The apparatus may comprise a H-bridge switch module, a comparator module, and a driver module. The comparator module may determine a dynamic voltage level signal, based on an audio envelope tracking signal of an audio input signal. The driver module may dynamically drive a portion of multiple MOSFETs deployed in parallel in the H-bridge switch module to switch, according to the dynamic voltage level signal.
[0008] Further, a preceding-stage module can be cascaded in front of the comparator module. The preceding-stage module may track the amplitude of the audio input signal as the audio envelope tracking signal and input it into the comparator module.
[0009] Further, in the H-bridge switch module, a more portion of the multiple MOSFETs can be driven to switch when a higher power outputting is required therefrom; and a less portion of the multiple MOSFETs can be driven to switch when a lower power outputting is required therefrom.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0010] The present inventive subject matter may be better understood from reading the following description of non-limiting embodiments, with reference to the attached drawings. In the figures, like reference numeral designates corresponding parts, wherein below:
[0011] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary schematic diagram of the H-bridge switch module built with multiple MOSFETs in parallel, in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present inventive subject matter;
[0012] FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary schematic diagram of the MOSFET switching loss in each of the multiple MOSFETs as shown in FIG. 1;
[0013] FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary flowchart of the method for Class D modulation, in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present inventive subject matter; and
[0014] FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary schematic diagram of the apparatus for Class D modulation, in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present inventive subject matter.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0015] The detailed description of the one or more embodiments of the present inventive subject matter is disclosed hereinafter; however, it is understood that the disclosed embodiments are merely exemplary of the inventive subject matter that may be embodied in various and alternative forms. The figures are not necessarily to scale; some features may be exaggerated or minimized to show details of particular components. Therefore, specific structural and function details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but merely as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ the present inventive subject matter.
[0016] Since audio signals are typically weak analog electrical signals, in order to drive one or more speakers for the audio playback, the Class D power stage with a large number of switching components, such as MOS transistors (MOSFETs) , shall be required as a power switching amplifier to supply sufficiently high power outputting.
[0017] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary schematic diagram 100 of the H-bridge switch module built with multiple MOSFETs in parallel, in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present inventive subject matter. As shown in FIG. 1, the H-bridge switch module can be in form of a number of H-bridge switches built with multiple MOSFETs in parallel.
[0018] The multiple MOSFETs in parallel in the upper row (or in the lower row) of the H-bridge switch module can be driven together by inputting PWM pulses 110. The PWM pulses 110 can be typically modulated to contain the envelope information of an audio input signal. The one high side 120 of the H-bridge switch module corresponding to the high edges can drive the Gates of all the multiple MOSFETs in parallel in the upper row; and the other low side 130 corresponding to the low edges of the PWM pulses 110 can drive the Gates of all the multiple MOSFETs in parallel in the lower row. A power supply can be connected to the Drains of the multiple MOSFETs in the upper row at 140 to apply a full voltage V+, and the power supply can be also connected to the Drains of the multiple MOSFETs in the lower row at 150 to apply the full voltage V-from the other direction. The Sources of the MOSFETs in both of the upper and lower rows may in turn drive a load, such as the one or more speakers, for playback of the audio input signal.
[0019] Each of the MOSFETs can operate as an electronic switch. Either the upper row or the lower row of the multiple MOSFETs in the H-bridge switch module can be driven to apply the voltage levels V+ and V-from the opposite directions through its switching function, outputting power to the load. The symbols “+” and “-” for the full voltage only indicate the directions of voltage, when the upper row of the MOSFETs is conducting, the voltage is “+” , while the lower row of the MOSFETs is cutoff; and in contrast, when the lower row of the MOSFETs is conducting, the voltage is “-” , while the upper row of the MOSFETs is cutoff. Therefore, the voltage level from the power supply applied to the H-bridge switch module can be reversed in directions with the high and low edges changing of the PWM pulses 110.
[0020] Referring to FIG. 1, by way of example, each one of the multiple MOSFETs in parallel can act as a switch, individually. When the PWM pulses 110 are input on an upper edge, the MOSFETs Q1, Q2 and Q3 …in the upper row can be conducted, while the MOSFETs Q4, Q5 and Q6 …in the lower row can be cutoff, a current from the supplied voltage 110 may flow in parallel through the MOSFET Q1 to the load, through the MOSFET Q2 to the load, and through the MOSFET Q3 to the load, and so on. Similarly, when the PWM pulses 130 are input change to a lower edge, the MOSFETs Q1, Q2 and Q3 …in the upper row can be cutoff while the MOSFETs Q4, Q5 and Q6 …in the lower row can be conducted, the current may flow in parallel through the MOSFET Q4 to the load, through the MOSFET Q5 to the load, and through the MOSFET Q6 to the load, and so on. In this way, the H-bridge switch module may act as a real-time power management device to control and reverse the voltage level applied thereto, accordingly.
[0021] In an ideal situation, those MOSFETs arranged at their corresponding positions in the upper or lower rows of the H-bridge switch module should be conducted or cutoff simultaneously, to output power to the load through their switching function. In practical operation, those MOSFETs in parallel in the H-bridge switch module can be driven to be conducted or cutoff in an almost simultaneous way.
[0022] The maximum power outputting of the H-bridge switch module can be determined by the load, the full voltage level, and the current being allowed to flow through the multiple MOSFETs. However, even if those MOSFETs can switch very fast, there may be still power switching loss in the intermediate state during the time of the multiple MOSFET switching.
[0023] Depending on the direction of the upper and lower edges of the PWM pulses being input into the H-bridge switch module, the “switch” in the following disclosure in general refers to the multiple MOSFETs deployed in one of the upper or lower rows of the H-bridge switch module being switched to be conductive, and it can be conceived that the other opposite row thereof can be switched to cutoff.
[0024] FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary schematic diagram 200 of the MOSFET switching loss in each of the multiple MOSFETs as shown in FIG. 1. A MOSFET typically has a finite switching time. Therefore, the MOSFET switching loss may come from the dynamic voltages and currents that the MOSFET must handle during the time it takes to be conducted or cutoff.
[0025] As shown in FIG. 1, the inputting PWM pulses 130 drive the Gates of the multiple MOSFETs, the Drains of those MOSFETs are connected to the high voltage level from the power supply, and the Sources of those MOSFETs together drive the load, such as the one or more speakers. During the MOSFET switching on, the switching transition time TSW (ON) includes the time for the Drain-Source current IDS to rise up and the time for the Drain-Source voltage VDS to fall down; During the MOSFET switching off, the switching transition time TSW (OFF) includes the time for the Drain-Source current IDS to decrease and the time for the Drain-Source voltage VDS to rise up. Therefore, in the intermediate state experienced during one switching transition time TSW (ON or OFF) of the MOSFETs therein, the power consumption 210, 220 each can be as: Pswitching loss=VDS × IDS (1)
[0026] And then, the energy consumed in the MOSFET switching loss can be as: Eswitching loss=VDS × IDS× TSW (2)
[0027] wherein, VDS represents the Drain-Source voltage, IDS represents the Drain-Source current, and TSW represents the switching transition time in the MOSFET switching.
[0028] Therefore, the MOSFET switching loss can be a function of the supplied voltage level and the switching transition time TSW (i.e., the crossover time TSW (ON) and TSW (OFF) in FIG. 2) , which can be reduced by supplying lower supplied voltage level VDS to drive the load with shortening the switching transition time TSW.
[0029] The efficiency of the H-bridge switch module can be reflected in the ratio of the power outputting available for driving the load to the total input power (including the power outputting and those power loss within the apparatus) . Due to the fact that the power outputting required to drive the load usually can be small when the volume of the audio input signal is relatively low, the MOSFET switching loss shall be particularly significant for its accounting a large proportion. Thus, such MOSFET switching loss can be particularly evident when the volume (amplitude) of the audio input signal is relatively low. However, in the case where the audio signal is music, unless those beats produce strong stress (such as by percussion) , most of the time in the music shall be at the low volume, meaning its audio envelope is at low trough. The MOSFET switching loss of the H-bridge switch module shall be high during these periods.
[0030] Referring back to FIG. 1, the multiple MOSFETs arranged at the corresponding positions in the upper or lower rows of the H-bridge switch module can be simultaneously switched on (or off) . However, most of the time when driving the load to replay an audio, it is not necessary to enable all MOSFETs to switch: for example, turning on 20 MOSFETs for a 1W power outputting shall be enough, only a very low charging voltage is required, the switch becomes fast, and the switching loss can be decreased to the point where it can no longer be considered. Therefore, it is crucial that reducing the number of MOSFETs to be conducted simultaneously to very small.
[0031] There shall be at least 100 MOSFETs, and as an example, taking 1000 MOSFWTs in total, deployed in each of the upper and lower rows of the H-bridge switch module. For the power outputting of 100W is required, 400-1000 MOSFETs need to be deployed therein (with 1000 in the upper row and 1000 in the lower row) to output a 10A 100W power. These 1000 MOSFETs should be switched to be conducted or cutoff simultaneously. When those MOSFETs are arranged in parallel, the parallel capacitance (CGS and CGD) should be all added up. Therefore, the charging time for 1000 MOSFETs shall be higher than that for 400 MOSFETs. Therefore, the more MOSFETs there are, the greater the switching loss.
[0032] Compared to driving all the multiple MOSFETs in parallel with the constant full voltage level, a lower voltage level following the envelope of the audio input signal can significantly reduce the usage of MOSFETs. Moreover, instead of driving all the multiple MOSFETs to switch, applying the dynamic voltage level to drive only a portion of the multiple MOSFETs to switch may further shorten the switching transition time. Therefore, the method for Class D modulation is provided in the inventive subject matter. The method may drive only a portion (not all) of the multiple MOSFETs deployed in the H-bridge switch module to switch by applying a dynamic voltage level, while shortening the switching transition time on the MOSFETs deployed in the Class D power stage, to reduce the MOSFET switching loss. That is, a large portion 160 of the multiple MOSFETs can be driven to switch when a high power outputting is required, and a small portion 170 of the multiple MOSFETs can be driven to switch when a low power outputting is required, thereby dynamically driving the corresponding portion of the multiple MOSFETs base on the current audio envelope.
[0033] FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary flowchart 300 of the method for Class D modulation, in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present inventive subject matter. Firstly, during peak periods of the audio envelope, the Class D power stage requires the full voltage level to provide the max power outputting and to avoid compression. However, during periods of low audio envelope, such a full voltage level is not necessary. It may cause unnecessary waste of power in the Class D power stage when always switching all the multiple MOSFETs with a constant full voltage level. For example, when driving the load to playback of music, the Class D power stage only requires a small voltage to provide a lower power outputting in most of time.
[0034] Therefore, in step S310, an audio input signal may be received, while the envelope of the audio input signal may be tracked therefrom.
[0035] In one or more embodiments, the envelope of the audio input signal can be tracked in a modulator, which may be set as a preceding-stage module cascaded in front of the Class D power stage. In the preceding-stage module, in order to obtain the entire audio envelope tracking signal of the audio input signal, tracking the amplitude thereof must be applied to the entire audio input signal. Then, based on the audio envelope tracking signal, a portion of the full voltage level can be fed to the load by driving the corresponding portion of the multiple MOSFETs to switch.
[0036] In one or more embodiments, tracking (or extracting) the envelope of the audio input signal can be performed at the same time while PWM modulating its envelope, when the modulator typically receives the analog audio input signal and adjusts the width of pulses using the pulse width modulation (PWM) technology to modulate the amplitude changes of the analog audio input signal into PWM pulses. In this way, the audio envelope tracking signal may be tracked and be further used in the next step to determine the dynamic voltage level.
[0037] Then, in step S320, by comparing the audio envelope tracking signal with a set of reference voltages in real-time, the dynamic voltage level can be determined. Such comparison can be fulfilled the function with pure logic circuits and / or one or more digital signal processors (DSP) .
[0038] In one or more embodiments, a group of comparators can be used to compare the audio envelope tracking signal to each of a set of reference voltages in real-time, so as to dynamically determine how much the dynamic voltage level is required to drive the MOSFETs. For an example with four comparators, the audio envelope tracking signal can be input into each one of the four comparators, and the reference voltages for comparison in each of the four comparators can be set to be such as 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100%of the full voltage level, respectively, to dynamically determine the dynamic voltage level.
[0039] Additionally or alternatively, in another one or more embodiments, a chip may be configured to compare the audio envelope tracking signal with the set of reference voltages, to determine in real-time how much the dynamic voltage level is required to drive the MOSFETs. For the chip that is typically configured to PWM modulate the envelope of the audio input signal, the chip may accurately track and / or extract the audio envelope tracking signal thereof. In an example, the chip can be a real-time digital signal processor (DSP) , which may be configured to compare the audio envelope tracking signal with the set of four reference voltages, such as 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%of the full voltage, to determine the dynamic voltage level in real-time.
[0040] Next, in step S330, based on the dynamic voltage level determined in the previous step, among the multiple MOSFETs deployed for switching to apply the full voltage level of the power supply, a portion thereof can be determined to be driven to switch by the dynamic voltage level, which can only be a required portion of the full voltage level. That is, only the portion of the multiple MOSFETs needs to be driven with the corresponding dynamic voltage level.
[0041] In the one or more embodiments, each one of the group of comparators can be connected to one driver of a group of drivers. the one driver corresponding to the certain comparator can drive a certain portion of the multiple MOSFETs in the H-bridge switch module. For the example with the four comparators, the first driver connecting with the comparator set of 25%reference voltage can drive 25%of the multiple MOSFETs, the second driver connecting with the comparator set of 50%reference voltage can drive 50%of the multiple MOSFETs, the third driver can drive 75%of MOSFETs, and the fourth driver can drive all 100%MOSFETs, for switching with the required dynamic voltage level.
[0042] Additionally or alternatively, in the another one or more embodiments, based on the comparison in the chip, such as the DSP, the DSP can be configured to select one driver to drive 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100%of the MOSFETs deployed in the H-bridge switch module for switching, with the required 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100%of the full voltage level, correspondingly.
[0043] In practice, since the audio envelope tracking signal can be definitely less than the full voltage level of the power supply, it can be conceived that the comparator performing the comparison with 100%of the full voltage can be omitted. At least one comparator shall be arranged in the comparator module for the comparations with at least one fraction of the full voltage, such as 25%, 50%and 75%of the full voltage level, for example. The fractions of 25%, 50%and 75%as above listed in the example are only for the purpose to illustrate embodiments. In practical implementation, there may and shall be more fractions to refine the tracking audio envelope. The more fractions of the full voltage level divided herein, the smaller granularity of the audio envelope tracking signal.
[0044] In this way, after comparing the audio envelope tracking signal with the reference voltages, in step S330, a certain one of the drivers may be enabled to drive the certain portion of the multiple MOSFETs for switching with the certain dynamic voltage level. When a high power outputting is required, a large portion of the multiple MOSFETs shall be driven to switch. When a low power outputting is required, only a small porting of the multiple MOSFETs shall be driven to switch. In particular, in the one or more embodiments:
[0045] when it is determined that a segment of the audio envelope tracking signal is lower than 25%of the full voltage, the first driver may be enabled to drive the 25%of the multiple MOSFETs to switch with 25%of the full voltage level;
[0046] when it is determined that a segment of the audio envelope tracking signal is at or is higher than 25%but lower than 50%of the full voltage, the second driver may be enabled to drive the 50%of the multiple MOSFETs to switch with 50%of the full voltage level;
[0047] when it is determined that a segment of the audio envelope tracking signal is at or is higher than the 50%but lower than 75%of the full voltage, the third driver can be enabled to drive the 75%of the MOSFETs to switch with 75%of the full voltage; and
[0048] when it is determined that a segment of the audio envelope tracking signal is at or is higher than the 75%of the full voltage, the fourth driver may be enabled to drive the all 100%MOSFETs to switch with the full voltage level.
[0049] By using the method herein to track the envelope of the audio input signal, the certain portion of the multiple MOSFETs deployed in the H-bridge switch module can be determined and dynamically driven to switch with the only required dynamic voltage level, which may be a reduced power supply voltage, while shortening the MOSFET switching transition time in the H-bridge switch module, thereby reducing the MOSFET switching loss in the Class D power stage.
[0050] FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary schematic diagram 400 for Class D modulation, in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present inventive subject matter. As shown in FIG. 4, the apparatus may comprise the H-bridge switch module 410. A portion of (or all of) the multiple MOSFETs in parallel (referring to FIG. 1) deployed in the H-bridge switch module 410 can be dynamically driven to switch based on the audio envelope tracking signal 412 of the audio input signal 414, so as to only apply the dynamic voltage level required to amplify the audio input signal 414 to drive the load, such as one or more speakers (not shown) , for playback of the audio input signal 414.
[0051] The structure of the H-bridge switch module 410 and the multiple MOSFETs in parallel deployed therein can be shown in FIG. 1. The multiple MOSFETs may be deployed in parallel as switches to connect the power supply to the load through the H-bridge switch module 410, in which only the corresponding portion of the multiple MOSFETs shall be driven to switch with dynamically apply a portion of the full voltage level of the power supply.
[0052] As shown in FIG. 4, the apparatus may further comprise a comparator module 420 and a driver module 430, both arranged in front of the H-bridge switch module 410. The driver module 430 is cascaded in front of the H-bridge switch module 410, and the comparator module 420 is cascaded in front of the driver module 430.
[0053] For the comparator module 420, it can be fulfilled the comparation function with pure logic circuits and / or one or more digital signal processors (DSP) . In particular, except for the comparator performing the comparation with 100%of the full voltage that can be omitted, as noted previously, there can be at least one comparator arranged in the comparator module 420. The at least one comparator shall be arranged in the comparator module for performing the comparations with at least one fraction of the full voltage, such as 25%, 50%and 75%of the full voltage level, for example. Each one of the at least one comparator may receive the audio envelope tracking signal 412 and compare it with a certain reference voltage set for the comparator. The fractions of 25%, 50%and 75%as above listed in the example are only for the purpose to illustrate embodiments. In practical implementation, there may and shall be more fractions to refine the tracking audio envelope. The more fractions of the full voltage level divided herein, the smaller granularity of the audio envelope tracking signal.
[0054] In the one or more embodiments, for the example with four comparators 422, 424, 426, and 428 arranged in the comparator module 420, each one of the four comparators 422, 424, 426, and 428 may compare the audio envelope tracking signal 412 with the certain reference voltage set as 25%, 50%, 75%or 100%of the full voltage level, respectively.
[0055] For the driver module 430, there can be at least two drivers arranged therein, one driver thereof shall correspond to drive 100%of MOSFETs, and the others can be corresponding to their own comparators, respectively.
[0056] In the one or more embodiments, for the example with four comparators 422, 424, 426, and 428 arranged in the comparator module 420, four drivers 432, 434, 436, and 438 may be enabled by its corresponding comparator 422, 424, 426, and 428 to drive a certain portion of the multiple MOSFETs in parallel deployed in the H-bridge switch module 410. In the one or more embodiments, the certain portion can be set as the 25%, 50%, 75%or 100%of the multiple MOSFETs in parallel. Additionally or alternatively, the four drivers 432, 434, 436, and 438 arranged in the driver module 430 each can be a voltage-controlled gate driver, for example.
[0057] In the one or more embodiments, as shown in FIG. 4, in the comparator module 420, the comparator 422 may compare the audio envelope tracking signal 412 with the reference voltage of 25%of the full voltage that can be supplied by the power supply; the comparator 424 may compare the audio envelope tracking signal 412 with 50%of the full voltage; the comparator 426 may compare the audio envelope tracking signal 412 with 75%of the full voltage; and the comparator 426 may compare the audio envelope tracking signal 412 with the reference voltage of 100%full voltage.
[0058] In this example, when the four comparators 422, 424, 426 and 428 all determine that the audio envelope tracking signal 412 is currently lower than their reference voltages, that is, the audio envelope tracking signal 412 is currently lower than 25%of the full voltage level, the comparator 422 may enable the driver 432 in the driver module 430 to drive the 25%of the multiple MOSFETs to switch by applying 25%of the full voltage level.
[0059] In this example, when the comparator 422 determines that the audio envelope tracking signal 412 current is equal to or is higher than its reference voltage (i.e., 25%of the full voltage level) , while the other comparators 424, 426 and 428 all determine that the audio envelope tracking signal 412 is lower than their reference voltages, comparator 424 may enable the driver 434 in the driver module 430 to drive the 50%of MOSFETs to switch by applying 50%of the full voltage level.
[0060] In this example, when the comparator 424 determines that the audio envelope tracking signal 412 currently is equal to or is higher than its reference voltage (i.e., 50%of the full voltage level) , while the comparators 426 and 428 determine that the audio envelope tracking signal 412 is lower than their reference voltages and the comparator 422 determines that the audio envelope tracking signal 412 is higher than its reference voltage, the comparator 426 may enable the driver 436 in driver module 430 to drive the 75%of the multiple MOSFETs to switch by applying 75%of the full voltage level.
[0061] And in this example, when the comparator 428 determines that the audio envelope tracking signal 412 currently is at or is higher than its reference voltage (i.e., 75%of the full voltage level) , while the other comparators 422, 424 and 426 all determine that the audio envelope tracking signal 412 currently is higher than their reference voltages, the comparator 428 may enable the driver 438 in driver module 430 to drive all the 100%MOSFETs to switch by applying the full voltage level to the load, such as the one or more speakers, for playback of the audio input signal 414.
[0062] In an example, the multiple MOSFETs deployed in the H-bridge switch module 420 can be grouped to portions of such as 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%. Each of the comparators 422, 424, 426 and 428 in the comparator module 420 may output a status, “0” or “1” , indicating whether their corresponding portions of the multiple MOSFETs need to switch, respectively. In this example, when the comparator 422 outputs “1” , it indicates that 25%of the multiple MOSFETs need to switch, and thus the comparator 422 may enable the driver 432 in driver module 430 to drive the 25%of the multiple MOSFETs to switch by applying 25%of the full voltage level, while other comparators 424, 426 and 428 output “0” , and their corresponding drivers 434, 436 and 438 do not drive MOSFETs to switch.
[0063] When the comparator 424 outputs “1” , it indicates that 50%of the multiple MOSFETs need to switch, and thus the corresponding driver 434 may be enabled to drive the 50%of the multiple MOSFETs to switch. Similarly, when the comparator 426 outputs “1” , the driver 436 may drive the 75%of the multiple MOSFETs to switch; and when the comparator 428 outputs “1” , the driver 438 may drive the 100%of the multiple MOSFETs to switch.
[0064] The four comparators included in the comparator module and their corresponding four drivers arranged in the driver module as shown in FIG. 4 only serve as examples, and the number of the comparators and drivers and the corresponding relationship therebetween can be various according to the real practice. Regarding the practical implementation, there may and shall be more granularity to refine the tracking audio envelope. The more fractions of the full voltage level divided herein, the more comparators are used, and the smaller granularity of the audio envelope tracking signal. It should be noted that, among those drivers in the driver module, only one of them can drive its corresponding portion of the multiple MOSFETs to switch in real time.
[0065] Additionally or alternatively, a preceding-stage module 440 can be further cascaded in front of the comparator module 420 of the apparatus herein. The preceding-stage module 440 may be configured to track the amplitude of the audio input signal 414 as the audio envelope tracking signal 412, and input it into the comparator module 420 of the Class D switching stage. As the amplitude of the audio input signal 414 changes, its envelope, the audio envelope tracking signal 412, may change accordingly, so the dynamic voltage level required to drive the portion of the multiple MOSFETs may also change dynamically. Such changes in the dynamic voltage level required to drive the portion of the multiple MOSFETs over time may form a dynamic voltage level signal 416 in shape of square wave, as shown in FIG. 4.
[0066] The dynamic voltage level signal 416, being formed in the comparator module 420, can be quantized into a number of square-wave steps by advancing the audio envelope tracking signal 412 over time. The number of the square-wave steps of the dynamic voltage level signal 416 may be determined by the number of the at least one comparators being used in the comparator module 420.
[0067] The at least two drivers (with one for driving 100%MOSFETs) arranged in the driver module 430 may each drive the certain portion of the multiple MOSFETs in the H-bridge switch module 410 to switch, respectively.
[0068] In the example that there are 1000 MOSFETs in parallel deployed in the H-bridge switch module 410 (1000 MOSFETs in the upper row and 1000 MOSFETs in the lower row) , the driver 432 in the driver module 430 can drive the 25%of the 1000 MOSFETs to switch, meaning it can simultaneously switch on or off 250 MOSFETs with 25%of the full voltage; the driver 434 can drive the 50%of the MOSFETs to switch, meaning it can simultaneously switch on or off 500 MOSFETs with 50%of the full voltage level; the driver 436 can drive the 75%of the MOSFETs to switch, meaning it can simultaneously switch on or off 750 MOSFETs with 75%of the full voltage level to the load; and the driver 438 can drive the all 100%MOSFETs to switch, meaning it can simultaneously switch on or off all 1000 MOSFETs with the full voltage level of the power supply.
[0069] The method and apparatus for Class D modulation provided in the present inventive subject matter can be implemented, for example, in a Class D audio amplifier, which can dynamically apply a portion of the full voltage level of the power supply based on the audio envelope tracking signal to drive a corresponding portion of the multiple MOSFETs in the H-bridge switch module to switch in real time. At the same time, the portion of the multiple MOSFETs from either the upper row or the lower row of the H-bridge switch module can be driven separately according to the upper or lower edges PWM pulses modulated from the audio input signal to output dynamic power, thereby driving the load with the amplified audio input signal for playback of the audio input signal.
[0070] Therefore, the method and apparatus for Class D modulation can not only be possible to control the number of MOSFETs deployed in the Class D power stage to be driven to switch, but also to dynamically control the voltage level applied to drive those MOSFETs to provide the dynamical power outputting to the load. For example, when receiving music as the audio input signal, even only 10%of MOSFETs can be conducted during relatively soft and short music beat cycles. Based on the overall amplitude of the music, dynamic power outputting can be provided to the load for music playback by controlling the voltage level of the power supply, to reduce the MOSFET switching losses.
[0071] The dynamic voltage level applied to drive the portion of the multiple MOSFETs can be slightly higher than the audio envelope tracking signal and dynamically follow the envelope of the audio input signal, without always driving with the full voltage level, especially at low power outputting. By providing overall high amplifier efficiency, its efficiency can be significantly improved, and implementing the method herein at low power shall not affect the conduction of all MOSFETs at high power outputting.
[0072] In the foregoing specification, the inventive subject matter has been described with reference to specific embodiments thereof. It will, however, be evident that various modifications and changes may be made thereto without departing from the broader scope of the invention. For example, the above-described process flows are described with reference to a particular ordering of process actions. However, the ordering of many of the described process actions may be changed without affecting the scope or operation of the invention. The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded in an illustrative rather than restrictive sense.
[0073] Any combination of one or more computer-readable media may be used to perform the method provided in one and more embodiments of the present inventive subject matter. The computer-readable medium may be a computer-readable signal medium or a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium may be, for example, but not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples (non-exhaustive list) of the computer-readable storage medium may include, for example: an electrical connection with one or more wires, portable computer floppy disks, hard disks, random access memory (RAM) , read-read-only memory (ROM) , erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM or flash memory) , optical fibers, portable compact disc read only memory (CD-ROM) , optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, or any suitable combinations of the foregoing. In the context of the disclosure, the computer-readable storage medium may be any tangible medium that can include or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
[0074] As used in the disclosure, an element or step listed in the singular form and preceded by the word “one / a” should be understood as not excluding a plurality of said elements or steps, unless such exception is specifically stated. Furthermore, references to “embodiments” or “examples” of the disclosure are not intended to be construed as exclusive, also including the existence of other embodiments of the recited features. The terms “first” , “second” , “third” , etc. are used only for identification and are not intended to emphasize a numerical requirement or positioning order of their objects.
[0075] References in the present inventive subject matter to the method and apparatus for Class D modulation may include the following content:
[0076] Item 1: In one or more embodiments, the present inventive subject matter provides a method for Class D modulation, comprising the following steps:
[0077] deploying, in a H-bridge switch module, multiple MOSFETs for switching;
[0078] determining, by a comparator module, a dynamic voltage level signal, based on an audio envelope tracking signal of an audio input signal; and
[0079] dynamically driving, by a driver module, a portion of the multiple MOSFETs to switch according to the dynamic voltage level signal.
[0080] Item 2: The method of item 1, wherein the multiple MOSFETs comprise at least 100 MOSFETs in each of upper and lower rows, and wherein the multiple MOSFETs are connected in parallel.
[0081] Item 3: The method of item 1 or 2, further comprising driving a more portion of the multiple MOSFETs to switch when a higher power outputting is required, and driving a less portion of the multiple MOSFETs to switch when a lower power outputting is required.
[0082] Item 4: The method of any of items 1 to 3, wherein the comparator module comprises at least one pure logic circuit, and wherein the comparator module comprises at least one comparator.
[0083] Item 5: The method of any of items 1 to 4, wherein the comparator module comprises at least one real-time digital signal processor (DSP) .
[0084] Item 6: The method of any of items 1 to 5, further comprising comparing, by the comparator module, the audio envelope tracking signal with a set of reference voltages, wherein the set of reference voltages comprises at least one fraction of a full voltage level supplied by a power supply, and wherein the fraction comprises at least one of 25%, 50%and 75%.
[0085] Item 7: The method of any of items 1 to 6, further comprising dynamically driving:
[0086] 25%of the multiple MOSFETs to switch when the audio envelope tracking signal is lower than 25%of the full voltage level;
[0087] 50%of the multiple MOSFETs to switch when the audio envelope tracking signal is at or higher than 25%but lower than 50%of the full voltage level;
[0088] 75%of the multiple MOSFETs to switch when the audio envelope tracking signal is at or is higher than 50%but lower than 75%of the full voltage level; and
[0089] 100%of the multiple MOSFETs to switch when the audio envelope tracking signal is higher than 75%of the full voltage level.
[0090] Item 8: The method of any of items 1 to 7, further comprising receiving the audio input signal, by a preceding-stage module, and tracking amplitude of the audio input signal as the audio envelope tracking signal.
[0091] Item 9: in one or more embodiments, the present inventive subject matter provides an apparatus for Class D modulation, comprising:
[0092] a H-bridge switch module deployed with multiple MOSFETs for switching;
[0093] a comparator module for determining a dynamic voltage level signal, based on an audio envelope tracking signal of an audio input signal; and
[0094] a driver module for dynamically driving a portion of multiple MOSFETs to switch according to the dynamic voltage level signal.
[0095] Item 10: The apparatus of item 9, wherein the multiple MOSFETs comprise at least 100 MOSFETs in each of upper and lower rows, and wherein the multiple MOSFETs are connected in parallel.
[0096] Item 11: The apparatus of item 9 or 10, wherein
[0097] a more portion of the multiple MOSFETs is driven to switch when a higher power outputting is required; and
[0098] a less portion of the multiple MOSFETs is driven to switch when a lower power outputting is required.
[0099] Item 12: The apparatus of any of items 9 to 11, wherein the comparator module comprises at least one pure logic circuit, and wherein the comparator module comprises at least one comparator.
[0100] Item 13: The apparatus of any of items 9 to 12, wherein the comparator module comprises at least one real-time digital signal processor (DSP) .
[0101] Item 14: The apparatus of any of items 9 to 13, wherein the comparator module is configured to compare the audio envelope tracking signal with a set of reference voltages, wherein the set of reference voltages comprises at least one fraction of a full voltage level supplied by a power supply, and wherein the fraction comprises at least one of 25%, 50%and 75%.
[0102] Item 15: The apparatus of any of items 9 to 14, wherein the drive module further dynamically drives:
[0103] 25%of the multiple MOSFETs to switch when the audio envelope tracking signal is lower than 25%of the full voltage level;
[0104] 50%of the multiple MOSFETs to switch when the audio envelope tracking signal is at or higher than 25%but lower than 50%of the full voltage level;
[0105] 75%of the multiple MOSFETs to switch when the audio envelope tracking signal is at or is higher than 50%but lower than 75%of the full voltage level; and
[0106] 100%of the multiple MOSFETs to switch when the audio envelope tracking signal is higher than 75%of the full voltage level.
Claims
1.A method for Class D modulation, comprising following steps of:deploying, in a H-bridge switch module, multiple MOSFETs for switching;determining, by a comparator module, a dynamic voltage level signal, based on an audio envelope tracking signal of an audio input signal; anddynamically driving, by a driver module, a portion of the multiple MOSFETs to switch according to the dynamic voltage level signal.2.The method of claim 1, wherein the multiple MOSFETs comprise at least 100 MOSFETs in each of upper and lower rows, and wherein the multiple MOSFETs are connected in parallel.3.The method of claim 1, further comprising driving a more portion of the multiple MOSFETs to switch when a higher power outputting is required; and driving a less portion of the multiple MOSFETs to switch when a lower power outputting is required.4.The method of claim 3, wherein the comparator module comprises at least one pure logic circuit, and wherein the comparator module comprises at least one comparator.5.The method of claim 3, wherein the comparator module comprises at least one real-time digital signal processor (DSP) .6.The method of claim 4 or 5, further comprising comparing, by the comparator module, the audio envelope tracking signal with a set of reference voltages, wherein the set of reference voltages comprises at least one fraction of a full voltage level supplied by a power supply, and wherein the at least one fraction comprises at least one of 25%, 50%and 75%.7.The method of claim 6, further comprising dynamically driving:25%of the multiple MOSFETs to switch when the audio envelope tracking signal is lower than 25%of the full voltage level;50%of the multiple MOSFETs to switch when the audio envelope tracking signal is at or higher than 25%but lower than 50%of the full voltage level;75%of the multiple MOSFETs to switch when the audio envelope tracking signal is at or is higher than 50%but lower than 75%of the full voltage level; and100%of the multiple MOSFETs to switch when the audio envelope tracking signal is higher than 75%of the full voltage level.8.The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving the audio input signal, by a preceding-stage module, and tracking amplitude of the audio input signal as the audio envelope tracking signal.9.An apparatus for Class D modulation, comprising:a H-bridge switch module deployed with multiple MOSFETs for switching;a comparator module for determining a dynamic voltage level signal, based on an audio envelope tracking signal of an audio input signal; anda driver module for dynamically driving a portion of multiple MOSFETs to switch according to the dynamic voltage level signal.10.The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the multiple MOSFETs comprise at least 100 MOSFETs in each of upper and lower rows, and wherein the multiple MOSFETs are connected in parallel.11.The apparatus of claim 9, whereina more portion of the multiple MOSFETs is driven to switch when a higher power outputting is required; anda less portion of the multiple MOSFETs is driven to switch when a lower power outputting is required.12.The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the comparator module comprises at least one pure logic circuit, and wherein the comparator module comprises at least one comparator.13.The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the comparator module comprises at least one real-time digital signal processor (DSP) .14.The apparatus of claim 12 or 13, wherein the comparator module is configured to compare the audio envelope tracking signal with a set of reference voltages, wherein the set of reference voltages comprises at least one fraction of a full voltage level supplied by a power supply, and wherein the at least one fraction comprises at least one of 25%, 50%and 75%.15.The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the drive module further dynamically drives:25%of the multiple MOSFETs to switch when the audio envelope tracking signal is lower than 25%of the full voltage level;50%of the multiple MOSFETs to switch when the audio envelope tracking signal is at or higher than 25%but lower than 50%of the full voltage level;75%of the multiple MOSFETs to switch when the audio envelope tracking signal is at or is higher than 50%but lower than 75%of the full voltage level; and100%of the multiple MOSFETs to switch when the audio envelope tracking signal is higher than 75%of the full voltage level.