Advanced hybrid energy management system for a vehicle and method thereof

Abstract

An advanced hybrid energy management system for a vehicle is disclosed, comprising a plurality of solar panels disposed on the exterior surfaces of the vehicle to convert sunlight into electrical energy, stored in a rechargeable batteries unit containing high-capacity lithium-ion or solid-state batteries. The system includes one or more electric motors operatively connected to the batteries for vehicle propulsion and a regenerative braking module to capture kinetic energy during deceleration, convert it into electrical energy, and recharge the batteries. A compact fuel engine serves as a backup energy source when renewable energy levels are insufficient. The system is controlled by an energy control Unit or ECU with a processing module configured to analyze real-time energy data, prioritize energy inputs for charging batteries, allocate electrical energy to meet propulsion needs, activate the fuel engine when required, and transition seamlessly between energy sources. This system maximizes energy efficiency, reduces reliance on fossil fuels, and ensures uninterrupted vehicle operation.

Description

[0001] ADVANCED HYBRID ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR A VEHICLE AND METHOD THEREOF

[0002] TECHNICAL FIELD

[0003]

[0001] The present invention relates generally to the field of electrical vehicle system and green energy, more specifically, to an advanced hybrid energy management system for a vehicle and method for integrating renewable energy sources and intelligent energy management for sustainable transportation.

[0004] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0005]

[0002] The global demand for sustainable transportation solutions has increased due to the rising environmental impact of traditional internal combustion engine vehicles. These vehicles contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions and dependency on fossil fuels, which exacerbates climate change and accelerates resource depletion.

[0006]

[0003] Existing solutions, such as conventional hybrid vehicles, integrate electric motors and internal combustion engines to improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions. Technologies like regenerative braking systems, solar-assisted charging, and advanced battery management systems have been implemented to extend electric range and reduce reliance on fossil fuels. Despite these advancements, these systems often operate in silos, with limited integration and optimization of renewable energy sources and energy management capabilities.

[0007]

[0004] However, current solutions face several limitations, including insufficient utilization of renewable energy, suboptimal energy management between electric and fuel-based systems, and limited range or reliance on fossil fuels during long-distance driving. Additionally, many existing hybrid systems lack the ability to seamlessly coordinate energy inputs from multiple sources in real time, resulting in inefficiencies and higher emissions.

[0008]

[0005] There is an urgent need for an advanced hybrid vehicle system that overcomes these shortcomings by integrating multiple renewable energy sources with intelligent energy management to achieve higher efficiency, reduced environmental impact, and reliable longdistance performance. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0009]

[0006] According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided an advanced hybrid vehicle system. The system comprises a plurality of solar panels disposed on the exterior surfaces of the vehicle and configured to convert sunlight into electrical energy. It includes a rechargeable batteries unit with a plurality of high-capacity lithium-ion or solid-state batteries, configured to store electrical energy from the plurality of solar panels. The system further includes one or more electric motors operatively connected to the rechargeable batteries and configured to provide vehicle propulsion. A regenerative braking module comprises an energy recovery controller and electric braking components, configured to capture kinetic energy during braking or deceleration, convert it into electrical energy, and direct it to the rechargeable batteries for storage. The system includes a compact fuel engine configured to act as a backup energy source when renewable energy levels are insufficient. An energy control Unit or ECU with a processing module is operatively connected to the rechargeable batteries, regenerative braking module, electric motor, and compact fuel engine. The processing module analyses real-time energy data, prioritizes energy input from the solar panels and regenerative braking module to charge specific batteries based on their realtime charge levels, allocates electrical energy output from the rechargeable batteries to the one or more electric motors to meet vehicle propulsion requirements based on driving conditions, activates the compact fuel engine when renewable energy sources are insufficient or battery charge levels fall below a predefined threshold, transitions between energy sources by synchronizing commands sent to the one or more electric motors and compact fuel engine, and drives the vehicle using the one or more electric motors or torque from the compact fuel engine based on real-time operational conditions.

[0010]

[0007] In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the plurality of solar panels dynamically adjusts their orientation or energy capture efficiency based on sunlight intensity and angle, maximizing electrical energy generation during vehicle operation or stationary conditions.

[0008] In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, a battery cooling system is integrated with the rechargeable batteries unit. The cooling system maintains optimal operating temperatures of the rechargeable batteries during charging, discharging, and high-load driving conditions.

[0011]

[0009] In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, a wireless communication module is operatively connected to the energy control unit. The wireless communication module provides real-time updates on battery charge status, energy source utilization, and vehicle performance metrics to a user device.

[0012]

[0010] In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the compact fuel engine includes an energy recovery unit configured to harness thermal energy from the exhaust gases to supplement the rechargeable batteries or the electric motor for vehicle propulsion.

[0013] [Oil] In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, a noise reduction system is operatively connected to the energy control unit and the electric motor. The noise reduction system minimizes operational noise during low-speed electric-only driving.

[0014]

[0012] In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the regenerative braking module includes an adaptive braking controller. The adaptive braking controller adjusts energy recovery levels based on road conditions, vehicle speed, and braking force applied, optimizing the balance between braking efficiency and energy recovery.

[0015]

[0013] In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, an autonomous driving module is operatively connected to the energy control unit and the electric motor. The module optimizes energy source utilization during autonomous driving based on real-time navigation data, traffic conditions, and terrain.

[0016]

[0014] In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the dashboard-integrated user interface includes a predictive energy management display. The predictive energy management display provides recommendations for optimal driving modes, routes, and energy usage based on real-time conditions and historical driving data.

[0017]

[0015] The advanced hybrid vehicle system further transitions between energy sources by synchronizing commands sent to the one or more electric motors and compact fuel engine, ensuring uninterrupted vehicle operation. Additionally, the processing module prioritizes energy input from the solar panels and regenerative braking module to charge specific batteries, optimizing energy efficiency. The system drives the vehicle by using the electric motor powered by electrical energy from the rechargeable batteries or torque from the compact fuel engine as determined by real-time operational conditions.

[0018]

[0016] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for operating an advanced hybrid vehicle system, the method comprising: capturing solar energy by controlling a plurality of solar panels disposed on the exterior surfaces of the vehicle to convert sunlight into electrical energy and direct it to a rechargeable batteries unit, monitoring battery charge levels in the rechargeable batteries unit, including a plurality of high-capacity lithium-ion or solid-state batteries, and alternately switching between the batteries when the charge level of one battery drops below a predefined threshold, recovering kinetic energy during braking or deceleration using a regenerative braking module comprising an energy recovery controller and electric braking components to convert the kinetic energy into electrical energy and direct it to the rechargeable batteries, analyzing real-time energy data, including solar input, battery charge levels, and kinetic energy recovery metrics, using a processing module in an energy control Unit or ECU, prioritizing energy inputs by directing solar and regenerative braking energy to charge specific batteries based on their real-time charge levels, allocating electrical energy output from the rechargeable batteries unit to one or more electric motors to provide vehicle propulsion based on driving conditions, including acceleration, speed, and load, activating a compact fuel engine by sending control signals from the processing module to the engine when renewable energy sources are insufficient or battery charge levels fall below a predefined threshold, transitioning between energy sources, including electric and fuel-based systems, by synchronizing commands sent from the processing module to the one or more electric motors and compact fuel engine to ensure uninterrupted vehicle operation, and driving the vehicle by powering the one or more electric motors with electrical energy from the rechargeable batteries or torque from the compact fuel engine, as determined by the real-time operational conditions of the vehicle.

[0019] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020]

[0017] So that the manner in which the above recited features of the present invention can be understood in detail, a more particular description of the invention, briefly summarized above, may have been referred by embodiments, some of which are illustrated in the appended drawings. It is to be noted, however, that the appended drawings illustrate only typical embodiments of this invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope, for the invention may admit to other equally effective embodiments.

[0021]

[0018] These and other features, benefits, and advantages of the present invention will become apparent by reference to the following text figure, with like reference numbers referring to like structures across the views, wherein:

[0022]

[0019] Figure 1 illustrates an advanced hybrid energy management system for a vehicle, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; and

[0023]

[0020] Figure 2 illustrates a method for implementing the advanced hybrid energy management system for a vehicle, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025]

[0021] While the present invention is described herein by way of example using embodiments and illustrative drawings, those skilled in the art will recognize that the invention is not limited to the embodiments of drawing or drawings described and is not intended to represent the scale of the various components. Further, some components that may form a part of the invention may not be illustrated in certain figures, for ease of illustration, and such omissions do not limit the embodiments outlined in any way. It should be understood that the drawings and detailed description thereto are not intended to limit the invention to the particular form disclosed. Still, on the contrary, the invention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims. As used throughout this description, the word "may" is used in a permissive sense (i.e., meaning having the potential to), rather than the mandatory sense, (i.e., meaning must). Further, the words "a" or "an" mean "at least one” and the word “plurality” means “one or more” unless otherwise mentioned. Furthermore, the terminology and phraseology used herein are solely used for descriptive purposes and should not be construed as limiting in scope. Language such as "including," "comprising," "having," "containing," or "involving," and variations thereof, is intended to be broad and encompass the subject matter listed after that, equivalents, and additional subject matter not recited, and is not intended to exclude other additives, components, integers or steps. Likewise, the term "comprising" is considered synonymous with the terms "including" or "containing" for applicable legal purposes. Any discussion of documents, acts, materials, devices, articles, and the like is included in the specification solely to provide a context for the present invention. It is not suggested or represented that any or all of these matters form part of the prior art base or were common general knowledge in the field relevant to the present invention.

[0026]

[0022] In this disclosure, whenever a composition or an element or a group of elements is preceded with the transitional phrase “comprising”, it is understood that we also contemplate the same composition, element, or group of elements with transitional phrases “consisting of’, “consisting”, “selected from the group of consisting of, “including”, or “is” preceding the recitation of the composition, element or group of elements and vice versa.

[0027]

[0023] The present invention is described hereinafter by various embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawing, wherein reference numerals used in the accompanying drawing correspond to the like elements throughout the description. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiment set forth herein. Rather, the embodiment is provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. In the following detailed description, numeric values and ranges are provided for various aspects of the implementations described. These values and ranges are to be treated as examples only and are not intended to limit the scope of the claims.

[0028]

[0024] The present invention may provide an advanced hybrid energy management system for a vehicle that integrates multiple energy sources with intelligent energy management to achieve superior efficiency and sustainability. It includes the ability to dynamically prioritize and seamlessly transition between renewable and conventional energy sources based on real-time conditions, enabling continuous operation with minimal reliance on fossil fuels. The system uniquely combines energy recovery, storage, and utilization strategies, leveraging real-time analytics to optimize energy inputs and outputs, reduce emissions, and enhance overall performance. This innovation addresses existing limitations in hybrid vehicles by maximizing renewable energy utilization, improving operational range, and ensuring uninterrupted performance in diverse driving conditions.

[0029]

[0025] Referring to the drawings, the invention will now be described in more detail.

[0030]

[0026] Figure 1 illustrates advanced hybrid energy management system for a vehicle, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The system (100) may include a plurality of Solar Panels (118), a Rechargeable Batteries Unit (116), one or more Electric Motors (110), a Regenerative Braking Module (114), a Compact Fuel Engine (112), and an Energy Control Unit or ECU (108) with a Processing Module (102). These components may be interconnected via Electrical Wiring (1) and Connection Means (2) to facilitate the transfer of energy and control signals among the subsystems.

[0031]

[0027] The plurality of Solar Panels (118) may be disposed on the exterior surfaces of the vehicle (10), such as the roof and hood, and may be configured to convert sunlight into electrical energy using high-efficiency silicon-based photovoltaic cells. These Solar Panels (118) may be designed to maximize sunlight capture and may be integrated with sunlight-absorbing glass for enhanced energy efficiency. The electrical energy generated by the Solar Panels (118) may be directed to the Rechargeable Batteries Unit (116) through Electrical Wiring (1). The Rechargeable Batteries Unit (116) may comprise a plurality of high-capacity lithium-ion or solid-state batteries housed in a temperature-controlled enclosure, ensuring safety and performance. The Rechargeable Batteries Unit (116) may store electricity from the Solar Panels (118) and the Regenerative Braking Module (114).

[0032]

[0028] The system (100) may further include one or more Electric Motors (110), operatively connected to the Rechargeable Batteries Unit (116) through the Energy Control Unit (108), and may be configured to provide vehicle propulsion. The one or more Electric Motors (110) may typically be permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) or brushless DC motors (BLDC) for high efficiency and precise control. These Electric Motors (110) may be mechanically linked to the wheels via Connection Means (2) to enable energy transmission. The system (100) may also incorporate a Regenerative Braking Module (114) to recover kinetic energy during braking or deceleration. The Regenerative Braking Module (114) may include braking components, such as regenerative braking discs and an energy recovery controller, to convert kinetic energy into electrical energy and direct it to the Rechargeable Batteries Unit (116).

[0033]

[0029] To address scenarios where renewable energy sources may be insufficient, the Compact Fuel Engine (112) may act as a backup energy source. The Compact Fuel Engine (112) may typically be a turbocharged internal combustion engine optimized for fuel efficiency and reduced emissions. It may further include an energy recovery unit to harness thermal energy from exhaust gases, supplementing the Rechargeable Batteries Unit (116) or one or more Electric Motors (110) for vehicle propulsion. The Compact Fuel Engine (112) may be controlled by the Energy Control Unit (108) and may be mechanically linked to the wheels via Connection Means (2) to provide mechanical power.

[0034]

[0030] The Energy Control Unit (108) may be the central system for managing energy flow and operational control within the system (100). It may include a Processing Module (102) with submodules: a Communication Module (1026) for real-time system updates, a Power Module (104) for distributing energy among the components, and a Protection Module (106) for ensuring system safety. The Power Module (104) may incorporate components such as MOSFETs, IGBTs, and power diodes for energy switching and distribution. The Protection Module (106) may use safety components, including fuses, Zener diodes, and relays, to safeguard against overcurrent, surges, and faults. The Processing Module (102) may monitor battery charge levels, analyze realtime energy data, prioritize energy inputs, allocate energy output to the one or more Electric Motors (110), and synchronize transitions between energy sources to maintain vehicle operation.

[0031] The integration of the components in the system (100) may be facilitated by Electrical Wiring (1), which may establish connections for energy transfer and data communication between the Solar Panels (118), Rechargeable Batteries Unit (116), Regenerative Braking Module (114), Compact Fuel Engine (112), and Energy Control Unit (108). The mechanical linkage between the Compact Fuel Engine (112), one or more Electric Motors (110), and the Regenerative Braking Module (114) to the wheels may be achieved via Connection Means (2). This arrangement may facilitate the coordination of energy generation, storage, recovery, and propulsion, delivering an efficient and sustainable hybrid vehicle system.

[0035]

[0032] Equipped with computing capabilities, the processing module (102) includes at least a memory unit (1024) configured to store machine-readable instructions. These instructions can be loaded into the memory unit from various non-transitory machine-readable mediums, such as CD- ROMs, DVD-ROMs, and Flash Drives, or as a computer software program. The memory unit may include, but is not limited to, types such as EPROM, EEPROM, and Flash memory.

[0036]

[0033] At its core, the processing module (102) contains a processor (1024) operably connected to the memory unit (1022). This processor (1024) could be a microprocessor of various types, including, but not limited to, ARM-based or Intel-based processors. It may also take the form of an application-specific integrated circuit or ASIC. In certain embodiments, the processing module (102) can even encompass mini-sized computing modules like a Raspberry Pi or other similar control modules.

[0037]

[0034] A critical aspect of the processing module's (102) functionality is the implementation of Artificial Intelligence or Al and Machine Learning or ML technologies. These technologies may be employed for data analysis, collation of data, and the presentation of data in real-time.

[0038]

[0035] The communication module (1026) may enable secure data exchange among the processing module (102), user devices (104), and the data repository (108), supporting both wired and wireless communication protocols such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, LTE, 5G, and GPRS.

[0039]

[0036] The memory unit (1024) may be configured to store a variety of datasets critical to the operation of the Al-powered recruitment system. These datasets include user profiles and pretrained AI / ML models. The user profiles capture information relevant to the recruitment process, such as individual user preferences, historical recruitment activity, engagement metrics, and interaction history. In the context of the present invention, Artificial Intelligence (Al) and Machine Learning (ML) techniques may be employed to optimize the operation and energy management of the hybrid vehicle system (100). These AI / ML models, including but not limited to, may enhance the system’s functionality and performance as follows:

[0040]

[0037] Energy Optimization Models: These models may analyze real-time data from the Energy Control Unit or ECU (108), including battery charge levels, solar energy input from Solar Panels (118), and kinetic energy recovery metrics from the Regenerative Braking Module (114). Based on historical and real-time data, these models may predict energy consumption patterns and dynamically adjust energy distribution across the Rechargeable Batteries Unit (116), one or more Electric Motors (110), and the Compact Fuel Engine (112) to maximize efficiency.

[0041]

[0038] Predictive Maintenance Models: These models may process sensor data from system components, including the Compact Fuel Engine (112), Regenerative Braking Module (114), and Rechargeable Batteries Unit (116), to identify early signs of wear or failure. By analyzing historical maintenance records and real-time operational data, these models may forecast potential issues, reducing downtime and improving reliability.

[0042]

[0039] Driving Behavior Models: These models may evaluate driver inputs, such as acceleration, braking, and speed variations, to predict energy demand and recommend optimal driving modes. By learning from driver behavior and traffic conditions, these models may help improve energy efficiency and extend the operational range of the hybrid system.

[0043]

[0040] Route Optimization Models: Leveraging real-time GPS data and historical route patterns, these models may identify the most energy-efficient routes for the vehicle (10). They may consider factors such as terrain, traffic conditions, and weather to reduce energy consumption and emissions.

[0044]

[0041] Anomaly Detection Models: These models may continuously monitor the performance of the Energy Control Unit (108) and its submodules, such as the Power Module (104) and Protection Module (106). By identifying deviations from expected operational parameters, the system may quickly respond to faults or inefficiencies, ensuring uninterrupted operation.

[0042] These AI / ML models may be integral to the hybrid vehicle system's (100) ability to deliver an energy-efficient and reliable driving experience. By dynamically adapting energy management, maintenance schedules, and route selection based on real-time data and learned behaviors, the system may optimize performance, enhance sustainability, and meet the evolving needs of drivers and vehicle operators.

[0045]

[0043] The energy control unit (ECU) (108) may leverage Artificial Intelligence (Al) or Machine Learning (ML) algorithms within the Processing Module (102) to optimize energy management in real-time. The Processing Module (102) may dynamically analyze data from the plurality of Solar Panels (118), Rechargeable Batteries Unit (116), and the Regenerative Braking Module (114) to predict energy requirements under various driving conditions. By learning from historical performance data and user preferences, the ECU (108) may adjust energy inputs and outputs to improve efficiency and reduce reliance on the Compact Fuel Engine (112). These Al-driven optimizations may allow the system (100) to adapt dynamically to changing energy demands.

[0046]

[0044] The system (100) may further enhance energy utilization by employing Al-powered predictive analytics within the Processing Module (102). For example, when the vehicle (10) may encounter varying terrain or traffic conditions, the Processing Module (102) may anticipate energy consumption patterns and prioritize charging specific batteries in the Rechargeable Batteries Unit (116) to ensure sustained operation. Additionally, the ECU (108) may adjust energy distribution to the one or more Electric Motors (110) or the Compact Fuel Engine (112), based on real-time metrics such as acceleration, load, and speed. These predictions may ensure that energy resources are utilized effectively, prolonging battery life and enhancing the overall system performance.

[0047]

[0045] Overall, the system (100) may provide a robust energy management solution by integrating Al-driven predictive analytics, adaptive learning, and dynamic control mechanisms. These capabilities may ensure that energy is used efficiently, renewable sources are maximized, and transitions between energy sources are seamless, delivering a sustainable and intelligent hybrid vehicle system. The Al and ML functionalities embedded within the Processing Module (102) may offer scalability and adaptability, making the system (100) suitable for a wide range of vehicle applications and operating conditions.

[0048]

[0046] In general, the word “module,” as used herein, refers to logic embodied in hardware or firmware, or to a collection of software instructions, written in a programming language, such as, for example, Java, C, or assembly. One or more software instructions in the modules may be embedded in firmware, such as an EPROM or microcontroller program memory. It will be appreciated that modules may comprise connected logic units, such as gates and flip- flops, and may comprise programmable units, such as programmable gate arrays or processing modules (1084). The modules described herein may be implemented as either software and / or hardware modules and may be stored in any type of computer-readable medium or other computer storage device.

[0049]

[0047] Figure 2 illustrates a method (200) for managing energy in an advanced hybrid car system (100), in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. This method (200) highlights the sequential or parallel execution of energy-related tasks performed by the Energy Control Unit or ECU (108) and its components. It may ensure smooth operation, energy efficiency, and system reliability, leveraging technologies like solar energy capture, regenerative braking, and seamless transitions between energy sources.

[0050]

[0048] Step 202: Capturing solar energy from a plurality of Solar Panels (118}: The Solar Panels (118) may use high-efficiency photovoltaic cells to convert sunlight into electrical energy. The Processing Module (102) within the ECU (108) may monitor sunlight intensity and angle to dynamically optimize the operation of the panels. For instance, adaptive algorithms may prioritize energy collection during peak sunlight hours and deactivate non-essential panels in low-light conditions to reduce losses. The collected energy may be directed through Electrical Wiring (1) to the Rechargeable Batteries Unit (116). A protection mechanism using Zener diodes in the Protection Module (106) may safeguard against overvoltage by diverting excess energy away from sensitive circuits. These diodes may operate within a range of 5V to 48V, ensuring the solar panels safely interact with the energy storage system.

[0051]

[0049] Step.204: Monitoring battery charge levels and alternately switching between batteries: The Rechargeable Batteries Unit (116), comprising lithium-ion or solid-state batteries, may store the electrical energy. The ECU (108) may monitor the State of Charge (SoC), which refers to the percentage of the battery's remaining charge compared to its total capacity. For instance, a 100% SoC indicates a fully charged battery, while 0% SoC means the battery is completely discharged. The Processing Module (102) may dynamically manage thresholds, such as setting charge and discharge limits (e.g., 80% maximum SoC and 20% minimum SoC), to avoid overcharging or deep cycling. Switching between batteries may be accomplished using Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs) or relays in the Power Module (104), which can handle currents up to 150A, ensuring smooth transitions. The ECU (108) may use hysteresis control to prevent rapid toggling between batteries, stabilizing the power supply.

[0052]

[0050] Step.206: Recovering kinetic energy during braking or deceleration using the Regenerative Braking Module (114}: Regenerative braking is a mechanism that recovers energy that would otherwise be wasted as heat during braking. The Regenerative Braking Module (114) may consist of regenerative braking discs connected to an energy recovery controller. When the driver applies the brakes, the one or more Electric Motors (110) may function as generators, converting the vehicle's kinetic energy into electrical energy. This energy passes through an inverter circuit, regulated by the Power Module (104), and is directed to the Rechargeable Batteries Unit (116) for storage. The Processing Module (102) may calculate braking torque using road friction, speed, and deceleration rates to optimize energy recovery. For instance, the ECU (108) may adjust braking force dynamically, ensuring safe deceleration while maximizing the energy recovered. A thermal management system may also be integrated to prevent overheating of braking components during high-energy events.

[0053]

[0051] Step 208: Analyzing real-time energy data: The Processing Module (102) may process data from sensors across the system, including solar input from the Solar Panels (118), SoC from the Rechargeable Batteries Unit (116), and braking efficiency from the Regenerative Braking Module (114). Al algorithms may predict energy demand based on driving habits, road gradients, or traffic conditions. For example, if a steep incline is detected ahead, the system may prioritize charging the most depleted battery to ensure sufficient energy is available for propulsion.

[0054]

[0052] Step 210: Prioritizing, energy inputs for specific batteries: The Processing Module (102) may dynamically allocate energy inputs from the Solar Panels (118) and the Regenerative Braking Module (114) to specific batteries within the Rechargeable Batteries Unit (116). This prioritization may be based on factors such as the age, temperature, and current charge levels of each battery. For instance, the ECU (108) may prioritize cooler batteries to prevent overheating. Energy flow may be regulated using high-frequency switching MOSFETs in the Power Module (104), which ensure minimal energy loss during distribution.

[0055]

[0053] Step 212: Allocating energy output to one or more Electric Motors (110}: The one or more Electric Motors (110) may draw energy from the Rechargeable Batteries Unit (116) under the control of the ECU (108). The Processing Module (102) may allocate energy based on real-time driving conditions, such as acceleration, speed, and load. For seamless operation, pulse-width modulation (PWM) signals may be used to control motor voltage, ensuring smooth torque delivery. The motors may operate within a voltage range of 300V to 400V for high efficiency. Adaptive control algorithms may dynamically balance energy delivery between multiple motors for optimal performance.

[0056]

[0054] Step 214: Activating the Compact Fuel Engine (112}: The Compact Fuel Engine (112) may act as a backup energy source when renewable energy is insufficient or battery SoC falls below 20%. The engine may generate mechanical power for propulsion or convert it into electrical power to recharge the Rechargeable Batteries Unit (116) via an alternator. Additionally, the Compact Fuel Engine (112) may include an energy recovery unit that captures thermal energy from exhaust gases. This thermal energy may be converted into electrical energy to supplement battery power. The ECU (108) may manage this activation by monitoring energy demands and sending control signals. For instance, the ECU (108) may optimize fuel consumption by only activating the engine during high-load scenarios, such as hill climbing or rapid acceleration.

[0057]

[0055] Step 216: Transitioning between energy sources: The seamless transition between energy sources, such as the Solar Panels (118), Rechargeable Batteries Unit (116), and Compact Fuel Engine (112), may be managed by the ECU (108). The Processing Module (102) may synchronize energy delivery using predictive algorithms. For example, during a transition from battery to fuel engine, the ECU (108) may pre-charge system capacitors to stabilize voltage and avoid power interruptions. High-speed relays or MOSFETs in the Power Module (104), which operate within microseconds, may enable this seamless switching.

[0058]

[0056] Step 218: Driving the vehicle with energy from renewable or backup sources: The ECU (108) may dynamically decide whether to draw energy from the Rechargeable Batteries Unit (116) or the Compact Fuel Engine (112) to power the one or more Electric Motors (110). During steady driving, renewable energy from the batteries may be prioritized. However, in high-demand scenarios, such as rapid acceleration or hill climbing, the Compact Fuel Engine (112) may supplement the motors. This ensures that the vehicle continues operating efficiently and without interruptions.

[0059]

[0057] WORKING EXAMPLES: The invention mentioned above will be understood more clearly with the help of the following examples:

[0060] Example 1: Energy Management During a Long Highway Trip:

[0061]

[0058] Consider a hybrid car equipped with the system (100) embarking on a long highway trip. During daylight hours, the Solar Panels (118) may generate electrical energy from sunlight, which is directed to the Rechargeable Batteries Unit (116) via Electrical Wiring (1). The Processing Module (102) may monitor the State of Charge (SoC) of the batteries and ensure that energy is distributed evenly across all battery cells, switching between batteries dynamically using MOSFETs in the Power Module (104).

[0062] When the vehicle requires acceleration for overtaking, the Processing Module (102) may prioritize energy output to the Electric Motors (110) to deliver the required torque. In case of cloudy weather, when solar energy generation drops, the ECU (108) may predict the potential energy shortfall and activate the Compact Fuel Engine (112) as a backup source. The energy from the Compact Fuel Engine (112) may either directly propel the vehicle or recharge the batteries via an alternator, ensuring uninterrupted operation.

[0063] Example 2: Urban Stop-and-Go Traffic with Regenerative Braking:

[0064]

[0059] In urban stop-and-go traffic, the Regenerative Braking Module (114) plays a crucial role. When the vehicle decelerates, the Electric Motors (110) may reverse their function to act as generators, capturing the kinetic energy that would otherwise be lost as heat in conventional braking. This energy is converted into electrical energy and stored in the Rechargeable Batteries Unit (116). The ECU (108), through the Processing Module (102), may optimize the braking force based on road conditions and vehicle speed. For example, in wet conditions, the Processing Module (102) may reduce the regenerative braking force and rely on mechanical brakes to prevent skidding. Additionally, the recovered energy may be prioritized to charge the most depleted battery, further enhancing the system’s efficiency.

[0065] Example 3: Seamless Switching Between Energy Sources in Mountainous Terrain

[0066]

[0060] In mountainous terrain, a vehicle equipped with the system (100) may demonstrate its ability to seamlessly manage energy flow and transition between energy sources to ensure uninterrupted performance. During steep climbs, the Electric Motors (110) may demand significant energy to provide the torque required to propel the vehicle uphill. This demand may exceed the immediate energy supply from the Solar Panels (118) and Rechargeable Batteries Unit (116). The Processing Module (102) within the ECU (108) may continuously monitor energy consumption data from the Electric Motors (110) and the State of Charge (SoC) of the Rechargeable Batteries Unit (116). When energy demand surpasses apredefined threshold or when battery SoC drops below a critical level (e.g., 20%), the Processing Module (102) may determine that additional energy is required and may send control signals to activate the Compact Fuel Engine (112).

[0067]

[0061] The Compact Fuel Engine (112) may supplement the energy demand by either directly providing mechanical power for propulsion or generating electrical energy through an alternator, which may be routed to the Rechargeable Batteries Unit (116) for storage and later use by the Electric Motors (110). Additionally, the Compact Fuel Engine (112) may include an energy recovery unit that captures thermal energy from exhaust gases, converting it into electrical energy to further support the system. The ECU (108) may ensure dynamic energy allocation by utilizing the Power Module (104), which may be equipped with high-speed MOSFETs and relays to distribute energy between the Electric Motors (110) and the Rechargeable Batteries Unit (116). These MOSFETs may operate with pulse-width modulation (PWM) signals to regulate motor voltage, ensuring efficient operation of the Electric Motors (110) and smooth torque delivery during the climb.

[0068]

[0062] During descents, the Regenerative Braking Module (114) may activate to recover kinetic energy generated by the vehicle’s motion. The Electric Motors (110) may reverse their function to act as generators, converting the kinetic energy into electrical energy. This energy may be processed through an inverter circuit and regulated by the Power Module (104) before being directed to the Rechargeable Batteries Unit (116) for storage. The Processing Module (102) may dynamically calculate the optimal braking force required based on road gradient, vehicle speed, and desired deceleration rate. This calculation may ensure safe braking while maximizing energy recovery. Additionally, during high-energy recovery events, such as steep descents, the ECU (108) may manage a thermal protection system to prevent overheating of the braking components and energy recovery controller. This system may utilize active cooling mechanisms or heat-dissipating materials integrated into the braking system.

[0069]

[0063] The ECU (108) may play a critical role in seamlessly transitioning between energy sources, such as Solar Panels (118), Rechargeable Batteries Unit (116), Regenerative Braking Module (114), and Compact Fuel Engine (112). It may utilize real-time data from the Processing Module (102) to dynamically manage these transitions. High-speed MOSFETs in the Power Module (104) may enable rapid switching, often within microseconds, between energy sources to stabilize energy flow. For instance, when the Compact Fuel Engine (112) may be activated or deactivated, the MOSFETs may ensure that voltage levels remain consistent, preventing performance lags or interruptions. Relays within the Power Module (104) may synchronize energy delivery to the Electric Motors (110), ensuring smooth operation. To further enhance stability during source transitions, the ECU (108) may pre-charge system capacitors to prevent voltage spikes or drops, ensuring consistent energy delivery to the Electric Motors (110).

[0070]

[0064] By leveraging its intelligent energy management capabilities, the system (100) may ensure optimal energy balance and reliability throughout the mountainous drive. During climbs, the Compact Fuel Engine (112) may supplement energy to meet high demands, while during descents, the Regenerative Braking Module (114) may recover energy and recharge the batteries. The seamless coordination of these components by the ECU (108) may allow the system (100) to adapt to varying terrain and driving conditions, effectively integrating renewable energy sources, energy recovery mechanisms, and intelligent energy management to deliver efficient and sustainable hybrid vehicle operation.

[0071] Example 4: Safety and Circuit Protection During Energy Surges

[0072]

[0065] In a scenario where the Solar Panels (118) generate excess energy during intense sunlight, the Protection Module (106) may safeguard the system. Zener diodes in the Protection Module (106) may redirect the excess voltage to a safe path, preventing damage to the Rechargeable Batteries Unit (116). For instance, the Zener diodes may be calibrated to operate within a voltage range of 48V to 60V, ensuring the batteries are not overcharged. Similarly, if the Compact Fuel Engine (112) experiences a sudden power spike due to load fluctuations, the Protection Module (106) may use fuses to isolate the affected circuit, preventing cascading failures. The Processing Module (102) may also log these events for diagnostic purposes, enabling timely maintenance.

[0073] Example 5: Predictive Energy Management in Real-Time Driving Conditions

[0074] Consider a situation where the vehicle is driving on a busy highway. The Processing Module (102) may use Al-based algorithms to analyze real-time energy data from the Solar Panels (118), Rechargeable Batteries Unit (116), and Compact Fuel Engine (112). If the system predicts a prolonged energy shortfall due to traffic jams or increased air conditioning usage, the ECU (108) may pre-emptively activate the Compact Fuel Engine (112) to maintain battery levels above the minimum SoC threshold. Conversely, during optimal sunlight conditions, the ECU (108) may prioritize charging the batteries with solar energy while reducing reliance on the Compact Fuel Engine (112). These predictive capabilities ensure energy availability without interruptions, reducing emissions and improving fuel economy.

[0075] Example 6: Energy Optimization in Autonomous Driving Mode

[0076]

[0066] In autonomous driving mode, the system (100) may leverage the Energy Control Unit (ECU) (108) and its Processing Module (102) to optimize energy consumption based on real-time navigation data, traffic patterns, and terrain analysis. For instance, during low-speed urban driving, the ECU (108) may prioritize the use of the Rechargeable Batteries Unit (116) and Solar Panels (118) to power the Electric Motors (110). This prioritization may reduce noise and emissions, enhancing the efficiency of the vehicle during city operations. The Processing Module (102) may analyze road conditions, such as traffic congestion or stop-and-go driving, and may dynamically adjust the energy output to the Electric Motors (110) using pulse-width modulation (PWM) signals to regulate voltage and torque, ensuring smooth propulsion.

[0077]

[0067] When the vehicle transitions to highway driving, the system (100) may shift to a hybrid mode to accommodate the increased energy demand for maintaining higher speeds. The ECU (108) may detect the need for supplemental energy and seamlessly activate the Compact Fuel Engine (112). The Compact Fuel Engine (112) may directly drive the wheels or recharge the Rechargeable Batteries Unit (116) via an alternator. During this transition, the Power Module (104) may use high-speed MOSFETs to ensure a seamless handoff between energy sources, avoiding interruptions in power delivery. The Processing Module (102) may further optimize energy usage by predicting upcoming terrain changes, such as hills or curves, based on navigation data, and may preemptively adjust the energy supply to maintain stability and efficiency.

[0078]

[0068] Additionally, during braking or deceleration in autonomous mode, the Regenerative Braking Module (114) may engage to recover kinetic energy. The Electric Motors (110) may act as generators, converting the kinetic energy into electrical energy, which may be directed to the Rechargeable Batteries Unit (116). The ECU (108) may calculate the optimal braking force and dynamically adjust the energy recovery rate to maximize efficiency while ensuring safety. For instance, on a steep downhill road, the system (100) may increase the regenerative braking force to slow the vehicle while capturing more energy.

[0079]

[0069] The system (100) may ensure optimal energy distribution and seamless source transitions without driver intervention. The Communication Module (1026) may provide real-time updates to the vehicle's control systems, enabling adaptive adjustments to energy usage based on traffic flow, terrain, and predicted energy requirements. This may ensure that the vehicle operates efficiently, maximizing energy recovery and minimizing fuel consumption during autonomous operation.

[0080] Example 7: Real-Time Monitoring and Driver Assistance

[0081]

[0070] In manual driving mode, the system (100) may provide real-time monitoring and actionable insights to the driver through the Communication Module (1026) and the dashboard-integrated user interface. The Processing Module (102) may continuously analyze energy consumption, battery charge levels, and power source performance, providing the driver with detailed updates and recommendations to optimize energy usage. For instance, during a long road trip, the system (100) may detect that the Rechargeable Batteries Unit (116) is approaching a low State of Charge (SoC), and the ECU (108) may recommend reducing non-essential energy usage, such as air conditioning, to conserve battery power.

[0082]

[0071] When the system (100) may detect that renewable energy sources, such as Solar Panels (118), are insufficient to meet the vehicle's propulsion requirements, the ECU (108) may activate the Compact Fuel Engine (112). This activation may be managed seamlessly through the Power Module (104), which may stabilize energy flow using MOSFETs and relays to avoid performance lags or voltage spikes. The Compact Fuel Engine (112) may either directly power the Electric Motors (110) or recharge the batteries, depending on the vehicle's energy needs. The driver may be notified of this transition through the user interface, ensuring transparency and enabling informed decision-making.

[0083]

[0072] During braking or deceleration, the Regenerative Braking Module (114) may capture kinetic energy and redirect it to the Rechargeable Batteries Unit (116). The ECU (108) may calculate optimal braking force based on vehicle speed and road conditions, ensuring that braking remains smooth and safe while maximizing energy recovery. For instance, in traffic congestion, the ECU (108) may adjust regenerative braking intensity to align with frequent stops and starts, improving energy recovery efficiency.

[0084]

[0073] The dashboard interface may provide predictive insights, such as recommended driving modes (e.g., electric-only or hybrid) based on current conditions and projected energy usage. For example, during highway driving, the system (100) may suggest switching to hybrid mode to balance battery consumption and fuel efficiency. The Communication Module (1026) may also alert the driver to potential issues, such as overheating of the Rechargeable Batteries Unit (116) or faults in the Solar Panels (118), enabling timely interventions.

[0085]

[0074] By integrating real-time monitoring, predictive analytics, and actionable recommendations, the system (100) may empower the driver to optimize energy usage and maintain efficient operation. This comprehensive driver-assistance approach may ensure a smooth and reliable driving experience while maximizing the benefits of the hybrid energy system.

[0086]

[0075] The Processing Module (102) in the present invention may analyze energy data from various components, including Solar Panels (118), the Rechargeable Batteries Unit (116), and the Compact Fuel Engine (112). This data may be stored in the ECU (108), which may function as a central repository for real-time and historical operational metrics. The Processing Module (102) may retrieve and process this data to dynamically manage energy allocation, source prioritization, and transitions between energy sources based on predefined criteria, such as battery State of Charge (SoC), driving conditions, and energy recovery efficiency. For instance, when energy demands exceed renewable energy supply, the Processing Module (102) may prioritize activating the Compact Fuel Engine (112) or reallocating recovered energy from the Regenerative Braking Module (114).

[0087]

[0076] The driver or system operator may access energy analytics and operational recommendations via the dashboard-integrated user interface, which may be connected to the ECU (108). This user interface may present real-time insights, such as battery charge status, energy source utilization percentages, and overall energy efficiency. These insights may be generated by the Processing Module (102) based on data retrieved from the ECU (108). For example, if the vehicle consistently operates under low sunlight conditions, the Processing Module (102) may suggest optimizing fuel engine usage or modifying driving patterns to maximize regenerative braking recovery.

[0088]

[0077] The Communication Module (1026) may enable automated updates and notifications between the vehicle operator and the system (100). For instance, the system may send alerts about low battery levels, upcoming transitions between energy sources, or maintenance requirements for the Compact Fuel Engine (112). Additionally, the Processing Module (102) may support energy billing or cost tracking by providing data on fuel consumption and renewable energy utilization, helping users monitor operational efficiency and costs over time.

[0089]

[0078] The system may ensure security and scalability by utilizing cloud-based or distributed computing architectures to dynamically manage and analyze large volumes of energy data. This infrastructure may enable the system to handle the processing demands of complex energy management scenarios, such as simultaneously analyzing energy input from Solar Panels (118) and Regenerative Braking Module (114) while managing output to multiple Electric Motors (110). By doing so, the system may reliably optimize energy usage across diverse driving conditions, ensuring a robust and adaptive hybrid energy management platform.

[0090]

[0079] The present invention offers a number of advantages, some of which are listed below:

[0091] • Enhanced Energy Efficiency: The integration of multiple renewable energy sources, such as Solar Panels (118) and the Regenerative Braking Module (114), may optimize energy utilization and reduce wastage, potentially resulting in significantly improved overall energy efficiency.

[0092] • Reduced Dependence on Fossil Fuels: By prioritizing renewable energy inputs and supplementing with the Compact Fuel Engine (112) only when necessary, the system (100) may minimize reliance on fossil fuels, which may lead to lower greenhouse gas emissions and enhanced environmental sustainability.

[0093] • Seamless Energy Source Transition: The Energy Control Unit (ECU) (108), equipped with a Processing Module (102), may enable seamless switching between energy sources using high-speed MOSFETs and relays. This may ensure uninterrupted power supply and smooth vehicle operation under varying driving conditions.

[0094] • Optimized Energy Recovery: The Regenerative Braking Module (114) may capture kinetic energy during braking and convert it into electrical energy, which may be stored in the Rechargeable Batteries Unit (116). This process may maximize energy recovery, particularly in stop-and-go traffic or downhill driving.

[0095] • Dynamic Energy Management: The Processing Module (102) may dynamically allocate energy based on real-time data, including battery State of Charge (SoC), driving demands, and terrain. This intelligent management may ensure optimal performance and extend the life of energy storage components.

[0096] • Improved Vehicle Range: By leveraging renewable energy sources and efficient energy recovery mechanisms, the system (100) may enhance the vehicle's range, potentially reducing the frequency of refueling or recharging and improving convenience for users. • Scalable and Adaptive Architecture: The system (100) may employ a scalable infrastructure that can adapt to diverse vehicle configurations and driving conditions. This may make it suitable for various vehicle types, from passenger cars to commercial vehicles, and may ensure reliable performance in different environments.

[0097] • Real-Time Monitoring and Predictive Insights: The Communication Module (1026) and dashboard-integrated user interface may provide real-time insights into energy usage, source prioritization, and operational efficiency. Predictive analytics may help users make informed decisions, such as selecting optimal driving modes or planning refueling stops.

[0098] • Enhanced Safety and Protection: The Protection Module (106) may safeguard the system against faults such as overvoltage, overheating, and short circuits. This may ensure the safety of critical components like the Rechargeable Batteries Unit (116) and enhance overall system reliability.

[0099]

[0080] Further, the operations need not be performed in the disclosed order, although in some examples, an order may be preferred. Also, not all functions need to be performed to achieve the desired advantages of the disclosed system (100) and method (200), and therefore not all functions are required.

[0100]

[0081] The terms and descriptions used herein are set forth by way of illustration only and are not meant as limitations. Examples and limitations disclosed herein are intended to be not limiting in any manner, and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of the present disclosure. Those skilled in the art will recognize that many variations are possible within the spirit and scope of the disclosure, and their equivalents, in which all terms are to be understood in their broadest possible sense unless otherwise indicated.

[0101]

[0082] Further, while one or more operations have been described as being performed by or otherwise related to certain modules, devices, or entities, the operations may be performed by or otherwise related to any module, device, or entity. As such, any function or operation that has been described as being performed by a module could alternatively be performed by a different server, by the cloud computing platform, or a combination thereof. It is implied that the techniques of the present disclosure might be implemented using a variety of technologies. For example, the methods described herein may be implemented by a series of computer executable instructions residing on a suitable computer readable medium. Suitable computer readable media may include volatile (e.g., RAM) and / or non-volatile (e.g., ROM, disk) memory, carrier waves, and transmission media. Exemplary carrier waves may take the form of electrical, electromagnetic, or optical signals conveying digital data streams along a local network.

[0102]

[0083] Various modifications to these embodiments are apparent to those skilled in the art from the description and the accompanying drawings. The principles associated with the various embodiments described herein may be applied to other embodiments. Therefore, the description is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown along with the accompanying drawings but is to be providing broadest scope of consistent with the principles and the novel and inventive features disclosed or suggested herein. Accordingly, the invention is anticipated to hold on to all other such alternatives, modifications, and variations that fall within the scope of the present invention and the appended claims.

Claims

CLAIMS:

1. An advanced hybrid energy management system for a vehicle, the system comprising a plurality of solar panels, disposed on the exterior surfaces of the vehicle and configured to convert sunlight into electrical energy; a rechargeable batteries unit, including a plurality of high-capacity lithium-ion or solid- state batteries, configured to store electrical energy from the plurality of solar panels; one or more electric motors, operatively connected to the rechargeable batteries and configured to provide vehicle propulsion; a regenerative braking module, comprising an energy recovery controller and electric braking components, configured to capture kinetic energy during braking or deceleration, convert it into electrical energy, and direct it to the rechargeable batteries for storage; a compact fuel engine, configured to act as a backup energy source when renewable energy levels are insufficient; and an energy control unit with a processing module, operatively connected to the rechargeable batteries, regenerative braking module, electric motor, and compact fuel engine, wherein the processing module is configured to: analyze real-time energy data, including solar input, battery charge levels, and kinetic energy recovery metrics; prioritize energy input from the solar panels and regenerative braking module to charge specific batteries based on their real-time charge levels; allocate electrical energy output from the rechargeable batteries to the one or more electric motors to meet vehicle propulsion requirements based on driving conditions, including acceleration, speed, or load; activate the compact fuel engine by sending control signals when renewable energy sources are insufficient or battery charge levels fall below a predefined threshold; transition between energy sources, including electric and fuel-based systems, by synchronizing commands sent to the one or more electric motors and compact fuel engine to ensure uninterrupted operation; and drive the vehicle by powering the one or more electric motors with electrical energy from the rechargeable batteries or torque from the compact fuel engine as determined by real-time operational conditions.

2. The advanced hybrid vehicle system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of solar panels are configured to dynamically adjust their orientation or energy capture efficiency based on sunlight intensity and angle, thereby maximizing electrical energy generation during vehicle operation or stationary conditions.

3. The advanced hybrid vehicle system of claim 1, further comprising a battery cooling system, integrated with the rechargeable batteries unit, the cooling system configured to maintain optimal operating temperatures of the rechargeable batteries during charging, discharging, and high-load driving conditions.

4. The advanced hybrid vehicle system of claim 1, wherein the processing module includes a communication module, power module and protection module operatively connected to the energy control unit, wherein the communication module is configured to provide real-time updates on battery charge status, energy source utilization, and vehicle performance.

5. The advanced hybrid vehicle system of claim 1, wherein the compact fuel engine further comprises an energy recovery unit configured to harness thermal energy from the exhaust gases to supplement the rechargeable batteries or the electric motor for vehicle propulsion.

6. The advanced hybrid vehicle system of claim 1, wherein the regenerative braking module further comprises an adaptive braking controller configured to adjust energy recovery levels based on road conditions, vehicle speed, and braking force applied, thereby optimizing the balance between braking efficiency and energy recovery.

7. The advanced hybrid vehicle system of claim 1, wherein the processing module is operably connected to a dashboard-integrated user interface; wherein the dashboard-integrated user interface further comprises a predictive energy management display, configured to provide users with recommendations for one or more optimal driving modes, one or more routes, and energy usage based on real-time conditions and historical driving data.

8. A method for operating an advanced hybrid energy management system for a vehicle, the method comprising: capturing solar energy by controlling a plurality of solar panels to convert sunlight into electrical energy and direct it to a rechargeable batteries unit; monitoring battery charge levels and alternately switching between the batteries when the charge level of one battery drops below a predefined threshold; recovering kinetic energy during braking or deceleration to convert the kinetic energy into electrical energy and direct it to the rechargeable batteries; analysing real-time energy data, including solar input, battery charge levels, and kinetic energy recovery metrics; prioritizing energy inputs by directing solar and regenerative braking energy to charge specific batteries based on their real-time charge levels; allocating electrical energy output to provide vehicle propulsion based on driving conditions, including acceleration, speed, and load;activating a compact fuel engine by sending control signals when renewable energy sources are insufficient or battery charge levels fall below a predefined threshold; transitioning between energy sources, including electric and fuel-based systems to ensure uninterrupted vehicle operation; and driving the vehicle by powering the one or more electric motors with electrical energy from the rechargeable batteries or torque from the compact fuel engine.

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