Modular system and method for capturing and monitoring carbon dioxide and multiple pollutants originating from combustion in stationary sources

Abstract

The main purpose of the present invention is to develop a modular system and a method for capturing and monitoring carbon dioxide (CO2) and multiple pollutants generated by combustion in stationary sources. The captured CO2 can be used as raw material for production or activities with added value in various industries.

Description

[0001] MODULAR SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR THE CAPTURE AND MONITORING OF CARBON DIOXIDE AND MULTIPLE POLLUTANTS FROM COMBUSTION IN STATIONARY SOURCES

[0002] Field of invention

[0003] The present invention has as its main objective the development of a modular system and method for capturing and monitoring carbon dioxide (CO2) and multiple pollutants generated by combustion in stationary sources. The captured CO2 can be used as a raw material for production or value-added activities in various industries. The information gathered by the invention can be used for the optimization of operations. The present invention also discloses components of the system for capturing and monitoring carbon dioxide and multiple pollutants from stationary sources.

[0004] Background of the invention

[0005] According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is crucial to reduce global CO2 emissions to net zero by the middle of this century. This is fundamental to limiting the increase in global temperature to 1.5°C by 2100. Given that two-thirds of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are attributed to the use of fossil fuels and industrial processes, decarbonizing industrial energy systems, especially stationary sources, becomes an imperative task for addressing climate change. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) defines point source or stationary source pollution as “any single identifiable source of pollution from which pollutants are discharged, such as a pipe, ditch, ship, or factory smokestack.”Focusing on GHG emissions, a point source of air pollution is an identifiable stationary location or fixed installation from which air pollutants are released, which can be of natural or artificial origin (Kibble and Harrison, 2005 and Dunne et al., 2014). These sources are present in company establishments of varying sizes and in the form of chimneys, furnaces, boilers, among others, and their pollutants usually come from the combustion of organic or inorganic matter.

[0006] According to the Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (PRTR), solid or liquid pollutant particles such as dust, ash, soot, metallic particles, grease, cement, or pollen are generated as a natural result of the chemical reactions during the combustion of materials. These particles, which range in diameter from 2.5 to 10 µm, are dispersed in the atmosphere and are referred to as Particulate Matter (PM). They are primarily composed of inorganic compounds such as silicates and aluminates, heavy metals, and organic material associated with carbon particles (soot). They are characterized by their basic pH due to the uncontrolled combustion of materials. (PRTR, 2016).

[0007] Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) plays a fundamental role in significantly reducing emissions and generating new sources of raw materials by trading captured CO2. This approach complements existing solutions for achieving net-zero emissions and promoting a circular economy.

[0008] Carbon dioxide capture systems are classified into three main groups: post-combustion systems, pre-combustion systems, and oxy-combustion systems. Post-combustion systems focus on capturing CO2 after the combustion process and before its release into the atmosphere. Pre-combustion systems focus on reducing the carbon concentration in a fuel, preventing CO2 from being generated during combustion. Oxy-combustion systems increase the concentration of CO2 in the exhaust gases to reduce the costs of the capture process. (Quiejo Fraga, A., 2017).

[0009] Various options have been developed to mitigate the environmental impacts associated with specific industrial emissions, focusing on post-combustion capture in large stationary facilities such as power plants, oil fields, or industrial plants. For example, Zheng et al., in U.S. Patent No. 7,754,102 B2, discloses a method for recovering carbon dioxide and nitrogen from boiler gas streams, particularly steam boilers used in oil fields. This method utilizes the captured carbon and nitrogen to assist in crude oil production.

[0010] These solutions limit their use to large industries, failing to address various stationary sources from smaller facilities or industries, which tend to emit solid pollutants such as ash, grease, soot, and others. As seen in Mexican Patent Application No. MX / a / 2020 / 001447 by Mayoral Guzmán, V., a process for removing carbon dioxide from combustion gases through chemical absorption with amines and the subsequent production of lithium carbonate is described. This invention has been specifically designed to address large-scale industrial emissions, thus limiting its use in industrial environments with high emission volumes.

[0011] Gaseous flows generated by industrial sources can contain solid contaminants such as soot and ash, but generally lack fatty materials. Given the predominantly industrial focus of CCUS technology, it may not have specific tools for capturing solid particles, especially grease or scale.

[0012] Tools such as ionizers, air or grease filters, and grease traps have been developed to filter these materials. However, these components are not designed to capture and store emissions, especially in the gaseous state, which limits the effectiveness of comprehensive pollutant capture. Xiao et al., in Chinese Patent Publication No. CN1 16036838, describe a carbon dioxide capture system and capture method where waste gases from industrial processes are scrubbed in a scrubber to desulfurize the gas and contain solid waste in liquids. This system does not use tools such as grease filters because its gas stream does not contain oily materials.This limitation restricts its application in establishments where the flow from combustion contains solid contaminants such as grease or scale, which can be found in greater presence in smaller emitters, such as restaurants and hotels.

[0013] Document W02023089205 A1 describes a carbon dioxide capture system (100) comprising an absorption tank (102) arranged to store a body of water. The tank (102) includes a gas inlet (104) through which gas (e.g., atmospheric air) is supplied to the tank (102) to allow the carbon dioxide contained within the absorption gas to dissolve in the body of water. The system (100) further includes a first fluid supply means (114) arranged to draw water from the absorption tank (102). The drawn water can be supplied to a desorption tank (118) via a heat transfer unit (116) to allow the drawn water to be heated to a higher temperature. A heater (122) can also further increase the water temperature. The heated water releases carbon dioxide gas in the desorption tank (118).

[0014] Patent CN1 16529157 A describes an energy storage system that converts variable renewable electrical energy (VRE) into persistent heat exceeding 1000°C and intermittently heats a solid medium using electrical energy. The heat from the solid medium is supplied continuously on demand. A brick array containing an internal radiant cavity is heated directly by thermal radiation. The cavity facilitates rapid and uniform heating by radiation. A thermocline is established by heat transfer from the flowing gas, maintaining a high outlet temperature throughout the discharge process. The gas flows through structured passages within the array and supplies heat, which can be used in processes including calcination, hydrogen electrolysis, steam generation, and thermal power generation and cogeneration.The thermal storage array can be controlled and operated at elevated temperatures without thermal runaway by means of a deep discharge command. Forecast-based control utilizes current and historical weather data and ERV availability to achieve continuous heating year-round. The high-voltage DC power conversion and distribution circuit improves the efficiency of ERV energy transfer to the system.

[0015] Information related to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions typically comes from voluntary reports by government and corporate institutions, laboratory tests, internal calculations, and other sources. According to a 2013 report published by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), these sources have shortcomings in terms of the quality, accessibility, and compatibility of GHG data. This hinders the harmonization of corporate accounting and reporting practices.

[0016] According to ClimateDisclosure, only 21 companies worldwide have reported 100% of their Scope 1 GHG emissions, which includes information from stationary sources. However, there is evidence suggesting that GHG emissions reporting, even when limited to Scope 1, has not shown significant improvement. This is due to a lack of tools for directly measuring gases, which poses a considerable challenge to the accuracy and transparency of reporting.

[0017] This measurement of industrial gases can be carried out using detectors that monitor their concentration in industrial applications or chemical tests such as chromatography, which is performed in specialized laboratories. These commercial solutions are available in monitors for home and office use, as well as in industrial applications such as biopharmaceuticals, food processing, biotechnology, quality control, and carbonation. However, these tools are not directly connected to the stationary sources and typically lack web-based platforms for remote monitoring, hindering communication with computer systems, access to real-time data, and resulting in missed opportunities for optimization and data-driven strategies.

[0018] Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems exist that are designed to monitor industrial emissions; however, these systems focus solely on tracking emissions produced by stationary sources. As can be seen in the aforementioned patent publications, SCADA systems are not integrated with CCUS systems and, therefore, do not record the quantities and characteristics of the flow entering and leaving the system, nor the emissions captured. Furthermore, these stationary source SCADA systems are geared toward large industries or plants, making them inaccessible to smaller emitters or facilities.

[0019] The need for tools that enable the decarbonization of carbon-intensive industrial processes from various stationary sources through carbon capture, and that at the same time have connectivity with communication systems to monitor operations and generate information related to GHG emissions, has become increasingly evident and crucial.

[0020] In Mexico, the standard is NOM-043-SEMARNAT-1993, in current systems that comply with the standard.

[0021] In the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is responsible for regulating pollutant emissions, and the equivalent U.S. standard is the EPA New Source Performance Standards (NSPS), which sets limits for emissions from stationary sources such as industrial plants or power plants that burn fossil fuels. Specifically, 40 CFR Part 60 establishes standards for regulating emissions of pollutants such as sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and particulate matter from these sources.

[0022] Specifically, regulations under the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) program also establish maximum limits for air quality based on various pollutants, which is comparable to the approach of NOM-043 in

[0023] Mexico.

[0024] The sensor system integrated into the carbon capture equipment is classified as a Continuous Monitoring System of

[0025] Emissions Monitoring System (CEMS). This system is designed to continuously measure and record pollutant emissions generated during carbon capture processes. Equipped with advanced sensors, the CEMS allows for real-time monitoring of critical parameters, such as carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx), temperature, pressure, and gas flow.

[0026] The CEMS functionality ensures compliance with current environmental regulations by providing accurate and up-to-date emissions data. This information is essential for the efficient management of industrial operations, identifying opportunities for efficiency improvements and minimizing environmental impact. Furthermore, the CEMS facilitates the generation of reports required for regulatory compliance, ensuring transparency in environmental monitoring practices.

[0027] CEMS encompasses all the components necessary to determine the concentration of gases or particles, as well as the emission rate. This is achieved through measurements from pollutant analyzers and the use of conversion equations, graphs, or computer programs to produce results in the units corresponding to applicable emission limits.

[0028] In addition, some EPA regulations require the implementation of CEMS for continuous compliance monitoring and the determination of exceedances of standards. Subparts of these regulations specify the reference methods that establish the accuracy and precision of the system.

[0029] The use of a CEMS in the carbon capture system supports the invention by improving the ability to monitor and control emissions, contributing to the decarbonization of industrial processes and the utilization of CO2 as a valuable resource.

[0030] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0031] To provide a better understanding of the invention, a description thereof is provided below, together with accompanying figures, in which:

[0032] Figure 1 represents a structural diagram of the overall flow of the invention process.

[0033] Figure 2 represents an electronic flow diagram of the sensor monitoring process of the invention in its first modality.

[0034] Figure 3 represents the electronic flow diagram of the sensor monitoring process of the invention in its second modality.

[0035] Figure 4 represents the electronic flow diagram of the sensor monitoring process of the invention in its third modality.

[0036] DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The present invention addresses the critical need to reduce and monitor emissions of carbon dioxide and combustion-associated pollutants in various industrial facilities.

[0038] The essential elements of the invention include specialized modules for capturing CO2 and pollutants, connectivity for real-time monitoring, and scalability adaptable to various installations. The objective of the present invention is to provide a product and / or process for measuring, monitoring, and capturing carbon dioxide from various sources. This process comprises the following steps:

[0039] - Extraction of gases for entry into the system, where a particle filter system removes solid contaminants.

[0040] - Initial monitoring where the amounts of gases entering the system, temperature, pressure, humidity, particulate matter, among others are measured.

[0041] - Gas scrubbing with a solution that combines water with calcium compounds to separate hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, and remaining solid contaminants. The liquid solution is then reintroduced into the system for continued use.

[0042] A tube heat exchanger regulates the temperature of the remaining gases. This is connected to a pipe through which cold water flows, counteracting the temperature difference.

[0043] - The gases are directed towards a carbon dioxide absorber, where a liquid composed of an amine solution absorbs the carbon dioxide.

[0044] The carbon dioxide-rich liquid is sent to a heat exchanger, where carbon-poor liquid flows. Both help regulate the temperature so that the carbon dioxide-rich liquid can then be sent to a carbon dioxide regenerator.

[0045] - In the regenerator, the carbon-rich solution enters from the top and, through a separation process, some of the carbon dioxide, along with water vapor, is separated from the liquid.

[0046] The low-carbon solution is sent back to the heat exchanger to be reintroduced through the top of the absorber.

[0047] The carbon dioxide deabsorbed in the regenerator is directed to a duct where water vapor is adsorbed. The carbon dioxide is then cooled by a heat exchanger of tubes circulating cold water before being sent to an air compressor. Subsequently, the carbon dioxide is stored under pressure in a tank.

[0048] - The storage tank is equipped with a sensor system that allows monitoring of carbon dioxide levels, temperature, pressure, humidity, among other things.

[0049] The method described in the present invention, in summary, includes the following steps: the combustion gas is filtered to remove contaminant particles and is analyzed by means of sensors to determine parameters such as temperature, pressure, humidity, quantities of CO2, PM1, PM2.5 and PM10; it undergoes washing with water and calcium compounds to cool and clean it of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and remaining contaminant particles; the desulfurized gas enters an absorber where the carbon dioxide is absorbed with a chemical solvent, subsequently the carbon dioxide is separated from the solvent and concentrated in the regenerator; the carbon dioxide is dried, cooled and pressurized, the carbon dioxide is monitored and stored for later use.

[0050] Figure 1 shows the system for capturing carbon dioxide and multiple pollutants from the combustion of stationary sources comprising a stationary combustion source (1), a solid pollutant particle filter (2), a fan (3), a monitoring sensor system (4), a desulfurizer (5), a motor (6), an air compressor (7), a heat exchanger (8), an absorber (9), a gaseous compound filter (10), a monitoring sensor system (11), a liquid pump (12), a heat exchanger (13), a regenerator (14), a reboiler (15), a liquid pump (16), a dehumidifier (17), a heat exchanger (18), a compressor (19), a liquid pump (20), a water storage tank (21), a gas storage tank (22), and a monitoring sensor system (23).

[0051] Figure 2 shows a sensor system for monitoring (4) carbon dioxide and multiple pollutants from the combustion of stationary sources, comprising a programmable logic controller (PLC) or microcontroller (24), a relay (25), a relay (26) which can be one or two boost relays per sensor set, a carbon dioxide sensor (27), an air quality sensor (28) that measures the concentration of PM1.0, PM2.5 and PM10 particles in standard and ambient units, a toxic gas sensor (29) that can measure carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ethanol, hydrogen, ammonia, methane, propane and isobutane, a real-time module (30) which is a clock with timers and a memory reader (31), an atmospheric pressure sensor (32), a sulfur dioxide sensor (33) and a sensor (34) that measures ozone, chlorine and nitrogen dioxide.

[0052] Figure 3 shows a sensor system for monitoring (11) carbon dioxide and multiple pollutants from the combustion of stationary sources, comprising a programmable logic controller (PLC) or microcontroller (35), a relay (36) which can be one or two boosters per sensor set, a relay (37), a carbon dioxide sensor (38), an air quality sensor (39) that measures the concentration of PM1.0, PM2.5 and PM10 particles in standard and ambient units, a toxic gas sensor (40) that can measure carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ethanol, hydrogen, ammonia, methane, propane and isobutane, a real-time module (41) which is a clock with timer, a memory reader (42), an atmospheric pressure sensor (43), a sulfur dioxide sensor (44) and a sensor (45) that measures ozone, chlorine and nitrogen dioxide.

[0053] Figure 4 shows a sensor system for monitoring (23) carbon dioxide and multiple pollutants from the combustion of stationary sources, comprising a programmable logic controller (PLC) or microcontroller (46), a relay (47) which can be one or two boosters per sensor set, a relay (48), a carbon dioxide sensor (49), an air quality sensor (50) that measures the concentration of PM1.0, PM2.5 and PM10 particles in standard and ambient units, a toxic gas sensor (51) that can measure carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ethanol, hydrogen, ammonia, methane, propane and isobutane, a real-time module (52) which is a clock with timer, a memory reader (53), an atmospheric pressure sensor (54), a sulfur dioxide sensor (55) and a sensor (56) that measures ozone, chlorine and nitrogen dioxide.

[0054] Additionally, in one embodiment of the present invention, the monitoring sensor system (4, 11, 23) is capable of operating independently of the system for capturing carbon dioxide and multiple pollutants from the combustion of stationary sources comprising a stationary combustion source (1), i.e., the monitoring sensor system (4, 11, 23) can be configured to be used with other types of pollutant and / or emissions monitoring systems.

[0055] The present invention involves gas from a stationary source being drawn by an air extractor through filters designed to remove various solid contaminants present in the gas stream, such as PM1, PM2.5, PM10, grease, soot, ash, and others. These filters retain the particles due to their porous structure and the ability of the fibers to trap particles of different sizes. The retained contaminants are removed through periodic cleaning.

[0056] The purified gas is subjected to continuous monitoring with sensors that allow measuring both the quantities of the gases and the characteristics of the flow.

[0057] After being drawn in by the exhaust fan, the gas stream enters a desulfurization tower from the bottom. In this tower, it encounters a liquid mixture of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) or calcium oxide (CaO) that flows downward and is recirculated. During this phase, the oxidation reaction of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) is catalyzed. This chemical reaction is essential for removing the sulfur compounds present in the gas, which settle at the bottom of the tower for periodic cleaning. After being washed and cooled with water and desulfurized by the solution, the preferred temperature is maintained at approximately 35°C, while the pressure is adjusted similarly to the gas outlet.

[0058] The purified gas from the tower is directed to a heat exchanger, where its temperature is regulated before entering the chemical absorber. In this absorber, the carbon dioxide present in the gas mixture is absorbed by a liquid circulating downwards. Once the CO2 is absorbed, the rich liquid is pumped to a heat exchanger to increase its temperature before being fed into a regenerator.

[0059] The CO2-free gas emerges from the top of the absorber and is directed to a filter designed to remove other gaseous compounds. This filter uses a mixture of reducing agents, such as metal oxides and zeolites impregnated with activated carbon, known for their ability to adsorb volatile organic compounds (VOCs), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx), and others. These materials not only adsorb these pollutants but also catalyze chemical reactions to convert them into less harmful products. A second set of sensors verifies the quality of the clean air, ensuring it meets safety standards before being released into the environment from the top of the container.

[0060] The CO2-rich liquid, after undergoing further heating in the regenerator, is separated from the carbon dioxide and directed to a specialized container.

[0061] In this container, a dehumidifier is used to adsorb the water vapor present in the gas, leaving the carbon dioxide moisture-free. The carbon dioxide is then cooled by a heat exchanger with cold water before being compressed by a low-volume-flow gas compressor. Once compressed, the CO2 is stored under pressure in a designated tank, where it is monitored by a third set of sensors.

[0062] Simultaneously, the CO2-poor liquid from the regenerator is directed to a heat exchanger for cooling. Once cooled, this liquid is returned to the absorber from the top, ensuring its recirculation and constant participation in the carbon dioxide capture process, as shown in Figure 1.

[0063] The versatility of the captured CO2 allows its direct use in industrial activities or its transformation into raw material for the manufacture of various products, as established by the invention.

[0064] The height and diameter of the three towers will depend on the gas flow emitted from the source. The liquid for carbon dioxide absorption provided by the invention may consist of a primary amine such as monoethanolamine (MEA) or diglycolamine (DGA), a secondary amine such as diisopropylamine (DIPA) or diethanolamine (DEA), a tertiary amine such as methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), or a combination of two or more.

[0065] Table 1 describes the composition of the absorbent liquids mentioned.

[0066] TABLE 1

[0067] The use of amines is justified by their individual characteristics. Some amines are notable for their high absorption rate and wide range, while others exhibit a remarkable absorption capacity. Their combinations can improve CO2 absorption capacity, along with faster absorption and desorption processes, and can contribute to reducing thermal degradation.

[0068] The dehumidifier can use desiccant agents such as silica gel, which have the ability to absorb moisture from the circulating air or gas. As the gas passes through the silica gel, it adsorbs the moisture, thus reducing the gas's relative humidity.

[0069] The invention may include the inclusion or exclusion of the sensor systems detailed in Figure 2, Figure 3 and Figure 4.

[0070] 4.

[0071] The sensor system shown in Figures 2, 3, and 4, as previously mentioned, is classified as a Continuous Emissions Monitoring System (CEMS), designed to measure and record, in real time, the emissions generated during the carbon capture process and other pollutants. The information collected by the CEMS can be integrated into a Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system, enabling more precise monitoring, optimized control, and advanced data analysis capabilities. This integration not only improves process visibility but also facilitates informed decision-making, operational efficiency, and compliance with applicable environmental regulations.

[0072] EXAMPLES

[0073] EXAMPLE 1

[0074] In Example 1 of the invention, the structure, assembly, and installation of the system provided by the invention for the capture and monitoring of carbon dioxide and multiple pollutants from stationary sources are as follows:

[0075] The stationary combustion source (1) produces various gaseous compounds through the burning of a fuel, which can be coal, coke, natural gas, LP gas, among others.

[0076] The stationary combustion source is connected to the invention via a pipe, where the solid contaminant particle filter (2) acts as a physical barrier, retaining solid particles present in the passing gas flow. The clean gas is propelled by the fan (3) to continue its path and be analyzed by the first sensor system (4). The fan (3) can be any type of blower or extractor suitable for gas transmission in ducts.

[0077] The desulfurizer (5) is used to remove sulfur components from the gas. It may contain a liquid sprayer at the top and an agitator at the bottom, both of which can be made of metal, ceramic, or plastic. The solvent used can be water, calcium carbonate (CaCO3), or calcium oxide (CaO) and is recirculated from top to bottom by means of a compressor (7). The gas is scrubbed in the desulfurization tower (5) to remove hydrogen sulfide (H2S), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and any remaining solid contaminants.

[0078] The clean gas is sent to a heat exchanger (8) where a stream of cold water regulates the temperature of the gas so that it enters the absorber (9) from the bottom.

[0079] The absorber (9) contains a liquid for absorbing carbon dioxide, which enters from the top. The liquid may be composed of amines such as MEA (12–32%), MDEA (30–55%), DEA (20–30%), DIPA (35–55%), DGPA (40–60%), or a combination thereof. The percentage indicates the concentration of the amine in the solution relative to water.

[0080] The absorption fluid is used to absorb the carbon dioxide present in the absorber (9), making it a carbon dioxide-rich liquid. Similarly, the fluid is used to desorb the CO2 in the regenerator (14), making it a carbon dioxide-poor liquid. The remaining CO2-free gas from the absorber (9) is piped to a gaseous compounds filter (10). This filter is composed of adsorption materials, such as activated carbon impregnated with metal oxides and zeolites. Its function is to adsorb nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx), and other gaseous compounds present in the exhaust gas. The clean air is analyzed by a sensor system (11) before being released from the top of the gaseous compounds filter (10).

[0081] The rich liquid is pumped through a pipe by a liquid pump (12) to a heat exchanger (13) to increase its temperature. The rich liquid is then piped to the regenerator (14) from the top, where it flows downwards and undergoes further heating, reaching temperatures between 100 and 140°C to deabsorb the CO2 from the liquid. The released CO2 is directed from the top of the regenerator to a dehumidifier (17).

[0082] The CO2-poor liquid can be sent to a reboiler, connected to the regenerator by a pipe, to deabsorb the residual CO2.

[0083] The CO2-poor liquid exits the bottom of the regenerator, flows through a pipe to a liquid pump (16), and is pumped to the heat exchanger (13) for cooling. The poor liquid enters the top of the absorber (9) for continuous use.

[0084] The water vapor present in the gas from the regenerator (14) travels through a pipe to be adsorbed by a dehumidifier (17), which is composed of silica gel.

[0085] The remaining CO2 is cooled by a heat exchanger (18) through which a stream of cold water flows. The CO2 travels through a pipe to be pressurized by a gas compressor (19) and stored in a tank (22), where it is analyzed by a third sensor system (23). The CO2 stored in the tank (20) can be used to manufacture raw material.

[0086] The absorber and regenerator have an inner packing that can be made of metallic, porcelain or plastic materials.

[0087] The heat exchanger (8) and the heat exchanger (18) are connected by a pipe to a liquid pump (20) and to the water storage tank (21). The liquid pump (20) pumps water from the water storage tank (21) to both heat exchangers (8 and 18) in a closed circuit.

[0088] The system of the present invention can capture and monitor carbon dioxide and other pollutants from gas streams generated by the combustion of stationary sources.

[0089] The captured CO2 can be stored for use in industrial activities, direct sale, conversion into raw material to manufacture various products, among others.

[0090] The capacity of the invention can be adjusted to meet various specific needs of the emission sources and the quantity of gases to be treated. Different sizes and a variety of devices, such as absorbers and / or regenerators, can be modified or implemented as needed to increase gas capture and processing capacity.

[0091] The system of the invention can be manufactured and adapted as a portable or fixed module for implementation in stationary sources, allowing the reduction of emissions from companies of various sizes and industries.

[0092] The invention can be manufactured by a batch production process, using materials such as iron, steel, aluminum, or stainless steel. Stainless steel grade 304 or higher is preferred due to its properties suitable for industrial applications.

[0093] The operation of the invention can be controlled by means of a control panel installed in the system or automated by connecting the components and the built-in SCADA system.

[0094] The invention can be powered by energy sources such as an electrical outlet, solar panels, batteries, or other available sources.

[0095] The periodic refilling of the liquid solution and the maintenance of the filters can be scheduled monthly, depending on the volume of gases to be treated.

[0096] Adopting the system provided by the invention allows for the capture of CO2, as well as other pollutants such as NOx, SOx, H2S, SO2, PM2.5, and PM10, among others. This expands the scope of CCUS technologies for use in a variety of industrial and business sectors, contributing to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and solid pollutants from stationary sources. Furthermore, it facilitates monitoring and connectivity to SCADA systems, while promoting the use of CO2 as a valuable resource rather than considering it a waste product.

[0097] Adopting the system provided by the invention helps decarbonize industrial processes by periodically cleaning multiple pollutants, such as H2S, SO2, PM2.5 or PM10, after the treatment provided by the invention, thus contributing to the reduction of environmental pollution.

[0098] An example is considered to be a chimney of a commercial establishment dedicated to the production and sale of food, which generates a volumetric flow of 2.40 m 3 / min due to coal burning, with an annual coal consumption of 18,723.5 kg, which produces 68.7 T / CO2 annually.

[0099] Table 2 shows the average parameters of the composition of the coal burned in the chimney, obtained by immediate analysis according to ASTM D 1762-84. Fat from food or natural oils are part of the volatile material.

[0100] TABLE 2

[0101] Table 3 describes the composition of the gas flow from coal burning.

[0102] TABLE 3

[0103] The system of the invention, described in Example 1, uses chimney gas as raw material, capturing more than 98% of the carbon dioxide with an annual capacity of 48 tons.

[0104] The grease filters (2) removed solid contaminants from the gas stream as it entered the system of the invention described in Figure 1. Then, in the desulfurization tower (5), the gases are cooled to 35 °C and sulfur dioxide (SO2) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are removed.

[0105] Example 1 uses the carbon dioxide absorption solution, as described in the invention, composed of 30% monoethanolamine (MEA).

[0106] In the absorber, the liquid solution can absorb up to 80% of the carbon dioxide present in the gas stream. The remaining CO2 is recirculated, while N2 or NOx can be adsorbed by the gaseous contaminant filter.

[0107] The absorber maintains a minimum temperature of 30°C and a pressure of 96.52 kPa (14.7 PSI). The CO2-rich liquid is further heated as it passes through the heat exchanger, where the temperature rises to 70°C.

[0108] The rich fluid enters the regenerator from the top, where the temperature is increased to 120°C and the pressure to 199.95 kPa (29 PSI). The rich fluid releases 80% of the absorbed CO2. The CO2 is dried and stored at a pressure of approximately 2482.1 kPa (360 PSI). The lean fluid is recirculated for continuous use.

[0109] In Example 1, the system provided by the invention has been designed with a capture capacity of 70%. This capture capacity level is determined by various factors, including the gas mass flow rate and other relevant process parameters.

[0110] The data collected by the three sets of sensors is transmitted to a proprietary Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system of the invention.

[0111] EXAMPLE 2

[0112] An example is a stove that uses natural gas as fuel, with a volumetric flow rate of 1.20 m³ / s. 3 / min. Which annually consumes 21,409.62 m 3 of natural gas and produces 49.26 T / CO2.

[0113] Table 4 describes the composition of the gas flow from the natural gas combustion of the furnace.

[0114] TABLE 4

[0115] The present example uses the same absorption fluid as Example 1. The rich fluid from the bottom of the absorber, once charged with carbon dioxide and heated by the heat exchanger, is sent to the top of the regenerator to flow from top to bottom. The fluid is heated in the regenerator to separate the CO2. The carbon dioxide recovery rate of the present invention is 48% compared to the stove mentioned in Example 2.

[0116] With the system described by the invention in Example 1 and using the flow produced by natural gas as raw material, carbon dioxide can be captured with a purity of 98% or higher and an annual production of 23.72 T / CO2.

[0117] The information attached in Table 5 describes the composition of the carbon dioxide flow obtained by the invention, assuming that it has an annual operating period of 3,600 hours.

[0118] The CO2 is dried and pressurized with a low volumetric flow compressor to be stored in a tank for later use.

[0119] Exhaust gases free of contaminants, after complying with the emissions standards established by NOM-043-SEMARNAT-1993 and the regulations of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), such as the Clean Air Act and its corresponding air quality standards (National Ambient Air Quality Standards - NAAQS), can be released into the atmosphere.

[0120] Additionally, the catalysts used in the process, such as amines and amides, require periodic regeneration to maintain their effectiveness in CO2 absorption. This regeneration is carried out by heating the CO2-rich liquid in a regenerator, where the carbon dioxide is separated from the solvent. The applied heat facilitates CO2 desorption, allowing the regenerated liquid, now depleted of CO2, to be reused in the absorber. This process not only ensures the continuity of the CO2 capture cycle but also extends the lifespan of the catalysts, optimizing the process efficiency.

[0121] Values ​​or ranges may be expressed in this document as "approximately," from "approximately" a particular value, and / or to "approximately" another particular value. When such values ​​or ranges are expressed, other realizations described include the specific value indicated, from one particular value, and / or to the other particular value. Likewise, when values ​​are expressed as approximations, the preceding use of "approximately" implies that the particular value constitutes another realization. It is further understood that there are multiple values ​​described in this document, and that each value is also described herein as "approximately" that particular value in addition to the value itself. In some respects, "approximately" may be used to indicate 10% of the stated value, 5% of the stated value, or 2% of the stated value.

[0122] The present invention has been described in its preferred embodiment; however, it will be evident to those skilled in the art that a multitude of changes and modifications can be made to this invention without departing from the scope of the following claims.

Claims

CLAIMS 1. A method for capturing and monitoring carbon dioxide and multiple pollutants from combustion at stationary sources, comprising the steps of: a. extracting and filtering the gases to remove solid pollutants and initially monitoring the composition of the gas stream; b. scrubbing the gases in a desulfurization tower to remove hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, and remaining solid pollutants; c. regulating the temperature of the gases through a heat exchanger so that they enter an absorber, where the carbon dioxide is absorbed by means of a liquid solvent and where the remaining pollutants flow over the top to enter a gas filter and be adsorbed; d. sending the carbon-rich liquid solvent to a heat exchanger, where the heat is recovered and subsequently, the liquid is sent to a regenerator; e.deabsorb the carbon dioxide in the regenerator and enter a reboiler, where the remaining carbon dioxide is deabsorbed, and where the carbon dioxide enters from the top into a duct where it is dried; e. cool the carbon dioxide through a tube heat exchanger, where the carbon dioxide is compressed to be stored under pressure in a tank; and f. send the carbon-poor liquid to a heat exchanger to regulate its temperature and subsequently re-enter the absorber.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the solid contaminants are removed in a specialized filtration system for solid or liquid contaminant particles, such as dust, ash, soot, metallic particles, grease, cement or pollen, whose diameter varies between 2.5 and 10 pm, known as Particulate Matter (PM), composed predominantly of silicates, aluminates, heavy metals and organic material associated with carbon (soot).

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the carbon dioxide is absorbed with a liquid solvent in an absorption tower and separated from the liquid solvent in a regeneration tower.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the gaseous compounds present in the CO2-free gas of the absorber are adsorbed by a filter, which may be made up of activated carbon impregnated with metal oxides and zeolites.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the carbon dioxide is dried with a desiccant agent.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the desiccant agent is silica gel.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the liquid solvent comprises amines selected from monoethanolamine (MEA), methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), diethanolamine (DEA), diisopropylamine (DIPA), diglycolamine (DGA), or a combination thereof.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the MEA is present between approximately 12 to 32% by weight.

9. The method according to claim 7, wherein the MDEA is present at approximately 30 to 55% by weight.

10. The method according to claim 7, wherein the DEA is present at approximately 20 to 30% by weight.

1. The method according to claim 7, wherein DIPA is present at approximately 35 to 55% by weight.

12. The method according to claim 7, wherein the DGA is present at approximately 40 to 60% by weight.

13. A system for capturing carbon dioxide and multiple pollutants from combustion of stationary sources, comprising: - a stationary combustion source (1); - a solid pollutant particle filter (2); - a fan (3); - a sensor system for monitoring (4); - a desulfurizer (5); - a motor (6); - an air compressor (7); - a heat exchanger (8); - an absorber (9); - a gaseous compound filter (10); - a sensor system for monitoring (11); - a liquid pump (12); - a heat exchanger (13); - a regenerator (14); - a reboiler (15); - a liquid pump (16); - a dehumidifier (17); - a heat exchanger (18); - a compressor (19); - a liquid pump (20); - a water storage tank (21); - a gas storage tank (22) and - a sensor system for monitoring (23).

14. The system according to claim 1 3, wherein the monitoring sensor system (4, 1 1 , 23) comprises: a programmable logic controller (PLC) or microcontroller (24, 35, 46), a relay (25, 36, 47), a relay (26, 37, 48) which can be one or two lifts that go per sensor set, a carbon dioxide sensor (27, 38, 49), an air quality sensor (28, 39, 50), a toxic gas sensor (29, 40, 51), a real-time module (30, 41, 52), a memory reader (31, 42, 53), an atmospheric pressure sensor (32, 43, 54), a sulfur dioxide sensor (33, 44, 55) and a sensor (34, 45, 56).

15. The system according to claim 14, wherein the real-time module (30, 41, 52) is a timer clock.

16. The system according to claim 14, wherein the air quality sensor (28, 39, 50) can measure the concentration of PM1.0, PM2.5 and PM10 particles in standard and ambient units.

17. The system according to claim 14, wherein the toxic gas sensor (29, 40, 51) can measure carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ethanol, hydrogen, ammonia, methane, propane and isobutane.

18. The system according to claim 14, wherein the sensor (34, 45, 56) can measure ozone, chlorine, and nitrogen dioxide.

19. The system according to any of claims 13 to 18, wherein the monitoring sensor system (4, 11, 23) is configured to operate independently of the system for capturing carbon dioxide and multiple pollutants from stationary combustion sources comprising a stationary combustion source (1).

20. The system in accordance with any of claims 13 to 18, wherein the monitoring sensor system (4, 11, 23) is configured to be used with other types of pollutant and / or emissions monitoring systems.

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