Fuel heating system applicable to an internal combustion engine powered by at least one fuel, method and engine

Abstract

The present invention aims to provide a fuel heating system applicable to an internal combustion engine powered by at least one fuel, a method implemented by said system, and an internal combustion engine provided with the system in question, such that this set of solutions simplifies the fuel heating system for application in motorcycles and other one-, two- or three-wheeled vehicles, or any engine with low fuel flow, the invention reducing the complexity of the components and of the electronic control, resulting in a more economical system that is easy to implement. In addition, incorporating the heating control directly into the engine electronic control unit eliminates the need for a dedicated heating control unit, further simplifying the system. The ability to determine the ambient temperature and the engine speed in order to dynamically adjust the heating of the fuel contributes to efficient performance under a variety of environmental conditions, making the system highly adaptable and effective. These technical advantages not only improve the efficiency of fuel heating but also promote the feasibility and practical applicability of the system in one-, two- or three-wheeled vehicles, or any engine with low fuel flow, meeting the specific needs of this type of application.

Description

Descriptive Report of the Invention Patent for "FUEL HEATING SYSTEM APPLICABLE TO AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE POWERED BY AT LEAST ONE FUEL, METHOD AND ENGINE"

[0001] The technical problem to be solved is situated within the context of internal combustion engines that use non-fossil fuels, preferably biofuels such as ethanol as the primary fuel, but not limited to this type of fuel. STATE OF THE ART

[0002] At lower ambient temperatures, intrinsic characteristics of ethanol hinder its vaporization, which compromises the formation of an air-fuel mixture suitable for ignition during engine starting. This difficulty translates into starting failures and / or irregular operation in the initial moments of operation.

[0003] Historically, to overcome this limitation, auxiliary systems have been developed for ethanol-powered engines, especially in regions where the climate demands specific solutions for cold starting. These systems can be classified into two main groups: those that employ an alternative fuel, such as gasoline, to facilitate starting, and those that heat the ethanol directly before its injection into the engine.

[0004] In the first group, the most common approach involves using a small auxiliary tank to store gasoline, which is injected into engine components such as the intake manifold or directly into the combustion chamber. This strategy takes advantage of the fact that gasoline has a lower vaporization point than... ethanol, allowing the formation of a flammable mixture even at lower temperatures.

[0005] A variant of this solution is described in patent document BRP11005341-7, which details the use of an auxiliary tank integrated into the engine. This system injects gasoline in a controlled manner into specific components, taking advantage of its physicochemical properties to facilitate starting. Although effective, this approach presents challenges related to increased cost and the need to manage two different fuels.

[0006] Although functional, the use of auxiliary tanks implies the need for additional maintenance, the possibility of leaks, and cross-contamination between fuels. Furthermore, in regions where ethanol is promoted as a sustainable alternative, the use of gasoline contradicts environmental and logistical objectives.

[0007] The second group of solutions involves ethanol preheating systems, which eliminate the need for auxiliary fuels. These systems consist of devices that raise the temperature of the fuel before injection into the engine, providing sufficient thermal energy for it to reach the vapor state and form a suitable air-fuel mixture. A technically efficient approach to this solution is described in patent document W02006130938A1, which details devices for heating ethanol directly in the fuel supply line.

[0008] Despite their benefits, currently available pre-heating systems were primarily designed for larger vehicles, such as cars. These vehicles have more space and electrical capacity, as well as costs that allow for the adoption of these technologies. This makes such systems... unsuitable for motorcycles, which have more stringent restrictions in terms of space, weight, and cost.

[0009] An innovative variant of this technology is described in patent document WO2012071637A1, which introduces heating chambers made of plastic materials and a design optimized for fuel flow. In this system, ethanol enters from the bottom and exits from the top of the chamber, ensuring uniform heating. Although efficient, this solution lacks adaptations for motorcycles and tricycles, where space and simplicity are critical factors.

[0010] Motorcycles and tricycles face unique technical challenges. The physical space available for installing new components is extremely limited, as is the electrical capacity of the battery and charging system. Additionally, the cost sensitivity in this segment demands that any solution be affordable, compact, simple, and easy to integrate into the existing design.

[0011] Another critical aspect of motorcycles and tricycles is ease of maintenance. Because they are widely used in remote areas and by consumers who frequently perform basic maintenance, complex systems with a high reliance on advanced electronics may be impractical. This reinforces the need for a compact, efficient system that is easy to install and maintain.

[0012] In operational terms, the heating system needs to provide enough heat to warm the ethanol in real time, without creating significant delays in the starting process. This heating must be quick and efficient, minimizing electrical energy consumption so as not to overload the motorcycle's system.

[0013] Furthermore, the system design must ensure uniform heating of the fuel, avoiding hotspots. Overheating or underheating can compromise engine efficiency or cause damage to the injection system. The fuel flow must be designed to maximize heat transfer and ensure that the ethanol is at the ideal temperature when injected.

[0014] The chemical compatibility of materials is a critical factor. Ethanol is more corrosive than gasoline, which necessitates the use of resistant materials to prevent failures, leaks, or premature degradation. Advanced polymers and corrosion-resistant metal alloys are ideal candidates to meet this requirement.

[0015] The environmental impact of the system must also be considered. Although the use of ethanol is a more sustainable alternative, the heating system must operate efficiently, minimizing energy consumption and ensuring a low environmental impact.

[0016] To ensure commercial viability, the system must balance cost and performance. This requires selecting affordable materials and optimising manufacturing processes, ensuring that the system integrates into the vehicle without significant design changes.

[0017] Introducing an efficient heating system for ethanol-powered tricycles and motorcycles can offer benefits that go beyond solving the immediate technical problem. Among these benefits is the expansion of ethanol applications in global markets, including in cold climate regions where the use of this renewable fuel is still limited.

[0018] In urban areas, where motorcycles are frequently used for short trips, cold starts represent a significant proportion of the total engine operating time. A heating system that ensures quick and reliable starts can... Significantly improve vehicle efficiency by reducing fuel consumption in the first few minutes of use.

[0019] In rural or remote areas, where motorcycles are widely used for transporting people and light cargo, system reliability is even more essential. In these regions, maintenance infrastructure is often limited, reinforcing the need for a robust, durable, and easily repairable system.

[0020] The economic impact of this system is another important aspect. By allowing the replacement of more expensive and complex technologies, the total cost of producing and maintaining motorcycles can be reduced. This savings can be passed on to the end consumer, making ethanol-powered vehicles more accessible and competitive.

[0021] Another relevant point is the possibility of the heating system contributing to the standardization of technologies for ethanol-powered vehicles. This could facilitate the development of public policies that encourage the use of renewable fuels and reduce dependence on fossil fuels, aligning with global sustainability goals.

[0022] From a technical standpoint, the development of this system involves challenges related to heat transfer on a small scale. Innovative solutions, such as compact and efficient heating elements, can optimize heat exchange with the fuel, minimizing thermal losses.

[0023] The system's thermal control, as will be revealed later, was carefully designed to ensure that the fuel is heated only when necessary, avoiding energy waste. Automatic systems that adjust the Heating systems that operate based on ambient temperature are a viable solution in this case.

[0024] In terms of safety, the system may include integrated fail-safe features. Simple sensors can detect overheating or lack of fuel, shutting down the system when necessary. Additionally, the use of insulating materials can protect other vehicle components from excessive heat.

[0025] The system's modularity is an important feature, allowing it to be adapted to different motorcycle and tricycle models, facilitating maintenance. Interchangeable and easily replaceable components can reduce repair time and costs.

[0026] To make commercialization viable, the system needs to balance cost and performance. This can include using affordable materials and manufacturing processes that maximize economic efficiency without compromising quality or durability.

[0027] Rigorous testing is essential to validate system performance. This testing includes simulations of extreme conditions, such as variations in temperature, altitude, and fuel quality, to ensure the system functions consistently across different scenarios.

[0028] The system's energy efficiency is another crucial point. Energy consumption must be minimized to avoid overloading the motorcycle or tricycle's electrical system, especially in low-displacement models, which have limited electrical resources.

[0029] In a broader context, the development of this system can serve as a basis for future innovations. The integration of More advanced sensors and intelligent control systems can further enhance its efficiency and functionality.

[0030] The introduction of a simple and efficient heating system in ethanol-powered tricycles and motorcycles represents a significant step forward in the adoption of renewable fuels. In addition to solving the technical problem of cold starts, this solution contributes to promoting ethanol as a viable and sustainable alternative on a global scale.

[0031] The positive environmental impact of ethanol, combined with the efficiency of the heating system, can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and reinforce the commitment to sustainability in the automotive sector. This could attract consumers and manufacturers interested in green technologies.

[0032] Therefore, the present invention seeks to overcome the lack of a simple, efficient and inexpensive solution to ensure that fuel is heated only when necessary, avoiding energy waste. OBJECTIVES OF THE INVENTION

[0033] The present invention aims to provide a fuel heating system applicable to an internal combustion engine powered by at least one fuel, a method applicable by said system, and an internal combustion engine equipped with said system, so that this set of solutions simplifies the fuel heating system for application in motorcycles and other one-, two-, or three-wheeled vehicles, or any engines with low fuel flow. The invention reduces the complexity of the components and electronic control, resulting in a more economical and easily implemented system. Furthermore, the integration of the heating control directly into the unit... Electronic engine control eliminates the need for a dedicated heating control unit, further simplifying the system. The ability to determine ambient temperature and engine speed to dynamically adjust fuel heating contributes to efficient performance in a variety of environmental conditions, making the system highly adaptable and effective. These technical advantages not only improve fuel heating efficiency but also promote the feasibility and practical applicability of the system in one-, two-, or three-wheeled vehicles, or any engines with low fuel flow, meeting the specific needs of this type of application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0034] Aiming to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art, the present invention describes a fuel heating system for application in an internal combustion engine powered by at least one fuel comprising • at least one battery (B); • at least one fuel pump (P); • at least one fuel line associated with the fuel pump (L); • at least one fuel tank (T); • at least one fuel heating chamber (HC); • at least one fuel heater (H) associated with the heating chamber (HC); • at least one fuel injector (I) associated with the heating chamber; and • at least one processing and control unit (U); whereby said system comprises at least one current-switching device (S), such that the fuel heater (H) is electrically connected to the processing and control unit (U) and is controlled by the current-switching device (S).

[0035] Additionally, with the aim of overcoming the drawbacks of the prior art, the present invention describes a method for heating fuel applicable by the system defined above, whereby said method comprises the steps of (8) turn on the fuel heater (H) and supply a voltage to the fuel heater to heat the fuel according to a supplied voltage; (9) monitor the fuel temperature inside a heating chamber via current switch device (S); (10) interrupt the supply of voltage to the fuel heater (H) when a target fuel temperature is exceeded via current switch device (S) and / or main current switch device (MS); (11) repeat steps (8), (9) and (10) when the measured temperature is lower than the target temperature; (12) disable the fuel heater (H) after a pre-determined operating time.

[0036] Also with the aim of overcoming the drawbacks of the prior art, the present invention describes an internal combustion engine powered by at least one fuel comprising said system described above that performs said method described above. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES Figure 1 - Schematic view of the system that is the subject of the present invention. Figure 1.a - Schematic view of the current switching device assembly in the system. Figure 2 - Graphical view of the method that is the subject of the present invention. Figure 3 - Overview of the method that is the subject of the present invention. Figure 4 - Overview of the method that is the subject of the present invention, encompassing the cold start steps. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0037] This invention relates to a method and system for heating fuel applicable to internal combustion engines, especially designed for two-wheeled vehicles such as motorcycles. The system includes several elements, such as an electronic control unit (ECU), a fuel heater associated with the heating chamber, sensors to determine ambient temperature and battery charge status, and means to perform the different stages of the method.

[0038] The innovation presents a detailed process that involves, between preferred and alternative implementations, the determination of essential parameters, such as ambient temperature, the type and / or mixture of fuel present in the tank, and the battery charge level available at a moment prior to engine start. Based on this information, the system executes specific actions, such as activating the fuel heater, heating the fuel, determining the injection time of the heated fuel injector, and executing a post-start engine operating routine.

[0039] Efficient fuel heating is crucial to ensure a smooth engine start (without harshness or jolts), especially in low temperature conditions. The system was developed considering its application in two-wheeled vehicles, where efficiency and adaptability are essential for proper engine performance. The ability to determine ambient temperature and battery charge status contributes to effective fuel heating control, adapting to different operating conditions.

[0040] Furthermore, the system can be applied to internal combustion engines powered by different types of fuels, including fossil and non-fossil fuels, as well as any mixture of these types of fuels. This broadens the system's applicability in a variety of operational contexts and for different types of two-wheeled vehicles, meeting diverse demands and ensuring fuel heating efficiency in various situations.

[0041] Integrating a fuel heating system into two-wheeled vehicles, such as motorcycles, is essential to promote system efficiency and adaptability in different operating contexts. This innovation offers a comprehensive and effective approach to ensuring proper fuel heating, providing a smooth engine start (without harshness or jolts) and efficient operation regardless of environmental conditions.

[0042] Furthermore, the system can be integrated into vehicles equipped with internal combustion engines with at least one cylinder, expanding its applicability to a variety of vehicle configurations. This demonstrates the system's versatility and adaptability. em diferentes cenários de operação, promovendo a eficiência do aquecimento do combustível em uma ampla gama de veículos de duas rodas.

[0043] The method and system described provide efficient fuel heating, ensuring a smooth engine start (without harshness or jolts) and effective operation, even in adverse conditions. The ability to determine ambient temperature and battery charge status contributes to effective fuel heating control, adapting to different operating conditions and ensuring system efficiency in various situations.

[0044] In summary, the present invention offers a comprehensive and effective solution for fuel heating in internal combustion engines, especially in two-wheeled vehicles. Its adaptability to different types of fuels, wide applicability in two-wheeled vehicles, and integration with internal combustion engines with at least one cylinder demonstrate the versatility and effectiveness of the system in various operational contexts.

[0045] Regarding the system's applicability to two-wheeled vehicles, it's important to highlight that the innovation considers the specific characteristics of these vehicles, such as limited space and the need for energy efficiency. The ability to determine ambient temperature and battery charge level is fundamental for optimizing fuel heating, ensuring effective and adaptable performance in different operating conditions, especially in environments with significant temperature variations.

[0046] Furthermore, integrating the system into two-wheeled vehicles, such as motorcycles, promotes energy efficiency and emission reduction, contributing to sustainability and respect for the environment. Efficient fuel heating not only improves engine performance but can also contribute to reducing pollutant emissions, aligning with the demands for cleaner and more sustainable vehicles.

[0047] Innovation also offers flexibility regarding the types of fuels used, being applicable to both fossil fuels and biofuels and other forms of non-fossil fuels. This versatility allows the system to meet a variety of needs and regulations in different regions and markets, promoting its global applicability.

[0048] The ability to determine ambient temperature and battery charge status contributes to effective fuel heating control, adapting to different operating conditions and ensuring system efficiency in various situations. This capability demonstrates the sophistication and scope of the system, providing an advanced and adaptable solution for fuel heating in internal combustion engines.

[0049] Therefore, the present invention represents a significant contribution to the development of efficient and adaptable fuel heating systems, especially in two-wheeled vehicles. Its adaptability to different operating conditions, fuel types, and vehicle configurations demonstrates its versatility and effectiveness in meeting market demands and promoting efficiency and sustainability in the transportation sector.

[0050] Thus, the present invention achieves the novel and inventive technical effect of simplifying the fuel heating system for application in motorcycles and other one-, two-, or three-wheeled vehicles, or any engines with low fuel flow, reducing the complexity of the components and electronic control, resulting in a more economical and easily implemented system.

[0051] As can be seen from Figure 1, the present invention describes a fuel heating system for application in an internal combustion engine powered by at least one fuel comprising • at least one battery (B); • at least one fuel pump (P); • at least one fuel line associated with the fuel pump (L); • at least one fuel tank (T); • at least one fuel heating chamber (HC); • at least one fuel heater (H) associated with the heating chamber (HC); • at least one fuel injector (I) associated with the heating chamber; and • at least one processing and control unit (U); wherein said system comprises at least one current-switching device (S), such that the fuel heater (H) is electrically connected to the processing and control unit (U) and is controlled by the current-switching device (S).

[0052] The term "processing and control unit U" refers to an electronic control unit (ECU), which is a computational device embedded in vehicles responsible for managing systems and subsystems by collecting data from sensors, processing it in real time, and sending commands to actuators. The ECU uses programmed algorithms to optimize the performance, efficiency, and safety of components such as the engine, transmission, brakes, and climate control systems. Integrated with internal networks, such as CAN Bus, it communicates with other ECUs to coordinate the operation of complex systems, ensuring efficient and reliable vehicle operation. The processing and control unit U can be an ECU associated with a heating control unit (HCU), include an integrated HCU, or even be an HCU itself.

[0053] A fuel heater is understood to be a heater of the exposed filament type. However, the present invention allows for applications with heaters of the lance, candle, glowplug type, or any other types that fulfill this function.

[0054] A current-switching device (T) is understood to be a thermostat, which is a device that senses the temperature of an environment (or an object) and, based on this information, regulates a heating or cooling system to maintain the desired temperature, ensuring that it remains within a specific range. Basically, a thermostat is composed of two main parts: • Sensor - detects the ambient temperature. • Regulator - turns the heating system on or off (in this case) based on information from the sensor.

[0055] The present invention allows the thermostat to be of any of the following types and others not listed: • Mechanical (bimetallic, blade); • Electronics (thermistors, thermocouples); • Digital; • Intelligent; • Programmable; • Non-programmable; • Environment; • Immersion; • Contact; • Capillaries; • Remote bulb; • Security.

[0056] The ability of the present invention to dynamically adjust the heating according to the achievement of the target temperature (ideal temperature for fuel injection) without the need for a dedicated power supply unit for heating (HCU - Heating Control Unit) represents a significant advance in the control and efficiency of the fuel heating system, guaranteeing a new and inventive technical effect. This functionality allows the system to adapt dynamically and precisely to engine demands under different operating conditions, optimizing the process of... Fuel heating ensures efficient and economical performance.

[0057] This ability to dynamically adjust heating based on reaching the target fuel temperature without the need for an HCU demonstrates the system's simplicity and precision, providing simple and effective control of the fuel heating process. This functionality significantly contributes to energy efficiency, reduced emissions, and overall engine performance, promoting smoother, more economical, and sustainable operation.

[0058] Therefore, the ability to dynamically adjust heating according to the achievement of the target fuel temperature without the need for a dedicated power supply unit for the HCU heating represents a fundamental technical feature of the present invention, providing advanced and adaptable control of the fuel heating system in internal combustion engines, especially in two-wheeled vehicles.

[0059] The present invention allows for application in internal combustion engines that include at least one fuel distribution device (such as a fuel rail) as well as engines that do not use any device for this purpose.

[0060] The present invention describes, in a preferred embodiment, a fuel heating system where the fuel heater (H) is controlled by the current switching device (S) in cooperation with a main current switching device (MS). However, the proposed invention allows for embodiments in which only the current switching device (S) controls the fuel heater (H).

[0061] The present invention describes, in a preferred embodiment, a fuel heating system where the processing and control unit (U) is associated with at least one main current switching device (MS) controlled by said processing and control unit (U). The present invention allows for embodiments in which said current switching device (S) is integrated into the processing and control unit U (forming a single unit) or not.

[0062] The present invention describes, in an alternative embodiment, a fuel heating system where the current switch device (S) and / or the main current switch device (MS) perform the actions of allowing and inhibiting the passage of electric current to the fuel heater (H) in cooperation with each other or independently.

[0063] The present invention describes, in another alternative embodiment, a fuel heating system where the current switching device (S) is physically associated with the fuel heating chamber (HC). The temperature sensor TS can be associated with and positioned either in the interior or in the exterior portion of said heating chamber HC.

[0064] The present invention describes, in an alternative embodiment, a fuel heating system where the current switching device (S) is associated with a region of higher fuel temperature in the heating chamber HC. As heat drives air or liquid to the top of the container where it is heated (convection), the region of higher fuel temperature is always the highest region of the heating chamber HC.

[0065] The present invention describes, in an alternative embodiment, a fuel heating system where the current switching device (S) is electronically positioned in series with respect to the fuel heater (H).

[0066] The present invention describes, in an alternative embodiment, a fuel heating system where the current switch device (S) is adjusted to allow the passage of electric current to the fuel heater (H) when the fuel temperature is equal to or below a target temperature value and to interrupt the passage of electric current when the target temperature value is exceeded.

[0067] The present invention describes, in an alternative embodiment, a fuel heating system where the voltage supplied to the fuel heater by the processing and control unit (U) is proportional to the instantaneous voltage available in the battery (B).

[0068] The present invention describes, in yet another alternative embodiment, a fuel heating system where the processing and control unit (U) comprises an electronic control unit. Applications in internal combustion engines with low fuel flow (motorcycles or tricycles, for example) require relatively small power to heat the fuel to the target temperature, eliminating the need for an HCU, bringing simplicity, ease of implementation and cost reduction, while ensuring a robust technical effect compared to many known techniques.

[0069] The present invention describes, in another alternative embodiment, a fuel heating system applicable to An internal combustion engine powered by at least one fossil fuel.

[0070] Fossil fuels are substances derived from the decomposition of organic matter, such as plants and animals, that have transformed over millions of years under high pressure and temperature underground. These fuels are non-renewable energy sources, extracted from the Earth's crust, and release carbon dioxide and other gases during combustion, contributing to the greenhouse effect. Common examples include petroleum, used to produce gasoline, diesel, and kerosene; coal, used in thermal power plants and industries; and natural gas, widely used for heating, power generation, and as vehicle fuel.

[0071] The present invention describes, in yet another alternative embodiment, a fuel heating system applicable to an internal combustion engine powered by at least one non-fossil fuel.

[0072] Non-fossil fuels are defined as energy sources obtained from renewable processes, biological resources, or artificial methods that do not depend on fossilized organic matter. These fuels are designed to reduce environmental impact and promote energy sustainability, being produced from biomass, organic waste, or chemical processes that use clean energy. Examples include ethanol, derived from plants such as sugarcane or corn; biodiesel, produced from vegetable oils or animal fats; green hydrogen, obtained by electrolysis of water with renewable energy; biogas, generated by the anaerobic decomposition of organic waste (all called biofuels); and synthetic fuels such as e-fuels, created with hydrogen and captured carbon dioxide.

[0073] The present invention describes, in yet another alternative embodiment, a fuel heating system applicable to an internal combustion engine powered by any mixture of at least one fossil fuel and at least one non-fossil fuel.

[0074] The present invention describes, in yet another alternative embodiment, a fuel heating system where the non-fossil fuel comprises a biofuel.

[0075] Additionally, in another alternative embodiment, the present invention describes a fuel heating system applicable to an internal combustion engine that includes • at least one means of determining ambient temperature; • at least one means of determining the type of fuel.

[0076] According to this alternative implementation: • The method for determining ambient temperature establishes an ambient temperature value; • The method for determining the type of fuel determines the type and / or mixture of fuel present in fuel tank T; • The control unit U determines the activation time of the heater H based on ambient temperature and battery voltage information, sends at least one signal to turn on, turn off, and disable the heater H, determines the injection time of at least one fuel injector I, monitors engine speed, and controls the post-start routine of the heater H; • The heating chamber HC and the associated fuel heater H perform the fuel heating process.

[0077] In an alternative embodiment, the present invention describes a system that includes at least one means for determining the available battery charge condition.

[0078] Available methods for determining a battery's charge condition include voltage sensors, which monitor the battery's voltage level to assess its charge; current sensors, such as shunts or Hall effect sensors, which measure the electrical current flowing into or out of the battery; temperature sensors, which monitor the heat generated by the battery, as elevated temperatures may indicate overcharging or degradation; and battery management systems (BMS), which use advanced algorithms to calculate the state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH) based on sensor data. Additionally, the vehicle's control unit can integrate information from different sensors to provide a more accurate estimate of the battery's charge condition.

[0079] In an alternative embodiment, the present invention describes a system wherein the means for determining ambient temperature comprises an ambient temperature sensor.

[0080] In another alternative embodiment, the present invention describes a system wherein the means for determining ambient temperature comprises a control unit U electronically coupled to an intake air temperature sensor.

[0081] In yet another alternative embodiment, the present invention describes a system wherein the means for determining ambient temperature comprises a control unit U. electronically coupled to a coolant temperature sensor.

[0082] In yet another alternative embodiment, the present invention describes a system wherein the means for determining ambient temperature comprises a control unit U electronically coupled to a sensor between an intake air temperature sensor and a coolant temperature sensor simultaneously.

[0083] In another alternative embodiment, the present invention describes a system wherein the means for determining ambient temperature comprises a control unit U electronically coupled to a barometric pressure sensor.

[0084] In yet another alternative embodiment, the present invention describes a system wherein the means for determining ambient temperature comprises a control unit U electronically coupled to a positioning sensor, such as a GPS or similar.

[0085] In yet another alternative embodiment, the present invention describes a system wherein the means for determining ambient temperature comprises a control unit U electronically coupled to a sensor coupled to a climate control system module. This embodiment covers a possible application in three-wheeled vehicles equipped with a fully enclosed passenger compartment, with glass doors and windows.

[0086] Additionally, the present invention describes a method for heating fuel applicable by the system defined above, whereby said method comprises the steps of (8) turn on the fuel heater (H) and supply a voltage to the fuel heater to heat the fuel according to a supplied voltage; (9) monitor the fuel temperature inside a fuel heating chamber (HC) via current switch device (S); (10) interrupt the supply of voltage to the fuel heater (H) when a target fuel temperature is exceeded via current switch device (S) and / or main current switch device (MS); (11) repeat steps (8), (9) and (10) when the measured temperature is lower than the target temperature; (12) disable the fuel heater (H) after a pre-determined operating time.

[0087] Measured temperature refers to the actual temperature of the fuel at that precise moment. Similarly, target temperature refers to the ideal temperature for fuel injection. The target temperature is predefined.

[0088] Monitoring fuel temperature refers to the action of sensing the temperature of the fuel being injected, using components sensitive to thermal variations.

[0089] Rigorous testing validated the system's performance under real-world conditions, as can be seen in the graphs presented in Figure 2. The actions of switching the heater on and off ensure the technical effect that the fuel temperature will be maintained within a pre-established acceptable range.

[0090] A predetermined operating time is understood to be a pre-defined period. This time could be the startup time of the... The engine, the engine's operating time (the period during which the engine is running), or any other defined time window.

[0091] In an alternative embodiment, the present invention describes a method that includes a set of steps prior to starting the engine, namely: (1) determine, at an instant before starting the engine, an ambient temperature value, the type and / or mixture of fuel present in the fuel tank (T) and perform an action between • Proceed to the next step; • Disable the fuel heater (H); (2) determine a heater activation time based on the ambient temperature value, type and / or mixture of fuel present in the fuel tank (T) at the instant before the engine starts by means of the processing and control unit (U); (3) turn on the fuel heater (H); (4) to heat the fuel to be injected at engine start-up inside the fuel heating chamber (HC); (5) measure the fuel temperature in the fuel heating chamber (HC) by means of the current switch device (S); (6) turn off the fuel heater (H) and enable engine starting via current switch device (S) when the fuel temperature measured in the fuel heater chamber (HC) by means of the current switch device (S) is greater than or equal to the target fuel temperature; (7) start the engine.

[0092] These steps prior to starting the engine are crucial for a cold start (the process of starting an internal combustion engine when it is at a low temperature, usually after a long period of inactivity, which hinders fuel vaporization and ignition).

[0093] The present invention allows for and provides for a more sophisticated embodiment (merely an alternative, not mandatory) that includes a step to determine the charge condition (voltage and / or current) of the available battery so that, if there is insufficient voltage, the heating system is disabled.

[0094] The present invention assumes and provides that the action of switching on the fuel heater H preferably, but not necessarily, occurs after the fuel pump P is switched on (for pressurizing the fuel line L).

[0095] In an alternative embodiment, the present invention describes a method where all steps are performed by the processing and control unit (U) in cooperation with the respective device for each step.

[0096] In an alternative embodiment, the present invention describes a method wherein the step of (9) interrupting the voltage supply to the fuel heater (H) when the target fuel temperature is reached is performed via a current switching device (S).

[0097] In another alternative embodiment, the present invention describes a method wherein the step of (9) interrupting the voltage supply to the fuel heater (H) when the target fuel temperature is reached is performed via a current switching device (S) from a command sent by the unit of processing and control (U) in cooperation with a main current switching device (MS).

[0098] The present invention also describes an internal combustion engine powered by at least one fuel comprising the system defined above that performs the method disclosed above.

[0099] In an alternative embodiment, the present invention describes an engine comprising a low-fuel-flow internal combustion engine.

[0100] In an alternative embodiment, the present invention describes an engine comprising an internal combustion engine having at least one cylinder.

[0101] Additionally, the present invention discloses a vehicle comprising an internal combustion engine equipped with the aforementioned system and performing the previously defined method.

[0102] In an alternative embodiment, the present invention describes a vehicle that uses at least one wheel.

[0103] In an alternative embodiment, the present invention describes a vehicle that uses at least two wheels, such as motorcycles and / or tricycles.

[0104] In an alternative embodiment, the present invention describes a vehicle comprising two wheels.

[0105] In an alternative embodiment, the present invention describes a vehicle comprising three wheels.

[0106] In an alternative embodiment, the present invention describes a vehicle comprising an internal combustion engine having at least one cylinder.

[0107] Thus, the invention fulfills the objective of providing a fuel heating system applicable to an internal combustion engine powered by at least one fuel, a method applicable by said system, and an internal combustion engine equipped with said system, so that this set of solutions simplifies the fuel heating system for application in motorcycles and other one-, two-, or three-wheeled vehicles, or any engines with low fuel flow. The invention reduces the complexity of the components and electronic control, resulting in a more economical and easily implemented system. Furthermore, integrating the heating control directly into the engine's electronic control unit eliminates the need for a dedicated heating control unit, further simplifying the system.The ability to determine ambient temperature and engine speed to dynamically adjust fuel heating contributes to efficient performance in a variety of environmental conditions, making the system highly adaptable and effective. These technical advantages not only improve fuel heating efficiency but also promote the feasibility and practical applicability of the system in one-, two-, or three-wheeled vehicles, or any engines with low fuel flow, meeting the specific needs of this type of application.

Claims

CLAIMS 1. Fuel heating system applicable to an internal combustion engine powered by at least one fuel comprising • at least one battery (B); • at least one fuel pump (P); • at least one fuel line associated with the fuel pump (L); • at least one fuel tank (T); • at least one fuel heating chamber (HC); • at least one fuel heater (H) associated with the heating chamber (HC); • at least one fuel injector (I) associated with the heating chamber; and • at least one processing and control unit (U); characterized in that it comprises at least one current-switching device (S), such that the fuel heater (H) is electrically connected to the processing and control unit (U) and is controlled by the current-switching device (S).

2. Fuel heating system according to claim 1, characterized in that the fuel heater (H) is controlled by the current switching device (S) in cooperation with a main current switching device (MS).

3. Fuel heating system according to claim 1, characterized in that the unit of The processing and control unit (U) is associated with at least one main current switching device (MS) controlled by said processing and control unit (U).

4. Fuel heating system according to claim 1, characterized in that the current switching device (S) is physically associated with the heating chamber.

5. Fuel heating system according to claim 1, characterized in that the current switching device (S) is associated with a region of higher heated fuel temperature in the fuel heating chamber (HC).

6. Fuel heating system according to claim 1, characterized in that the current switching device (S) is electronically positioned in series with respect to the fuel heater (H).

7. Fuel heating system according to claim 1, characterized in that the current switch device (S) is adjusted to allow the passage of electric current to the fuel heater (H) when the fuel temperature is equal to or below a target temperature value and to interrupt the passage of electric current when the target temperature value is exceeded.

8. Fuel heating system according to claim 1, characterized in that the voltage supplied to the fuel heater (H) by the processing and control unit (U) is proportional to the instantaneous voltage available in the battery (B).

9. System according to claim 1, characterized by being applicable to an internal combustion engine powered by at least one fossil fuel.

10. System according to claim 1, characterized by being applicable to an internal combustion engine powered by at least one non-fossil fuel.

11. System according to claim 1, characterized in that it is applicable to an internal combustion engine powered by any mixture of at least one fossil fuel and at least one non-fossil fuel.

12. System, according to claims 10 and 11, characterized in that the non-fossil fuel comprises a biofuel.

13. System according to claim 1, characterized by including • at least one means of determining ambient temperature; • at least one means of determining the type of fuel.

14. Fuel heating method applicable by the system defined in claims 1 to 13, characterized in that it comprises the steps of (8) turn on the fuel heater (H) and heat the fuel according to a supplied voltage; (9) monitor the fuel temperature inside a heating chamber via current switch device (S); (10) interrupt the voltage supply to the fuel heater (H) when a target fuel temperature is overtaken via current switch device (S) and / or main current switch device (MS); (11) repeat steps (8), (9) and (10) when the measured temperature is lower than the target temperature; (12) disable the fuel heater (H) after a pre-determined operating time.

15. Fuel heating method according to claim 14, characterized in that it includes a set of steps prior to engine start-up, namely: (1) determine, at an instant before starting the engine, an ambient temperature value, the type and / or mixture of fuel present in the fuel tank (T) and perform an action between • Proceed to the next step; • Disable the fuel heater (H); (2) determine a heater activation time based on the ambient temperature value, type and / or mixture of fuel present in the fuel tank (T) at the instant before the engine starts by means of the processing and control unit (U); (3) turn on the fuel heater (H); (4) to heat the fuel to be injected at engine start-up inside the heating chamber (HC); (5) measure and compare the fuel temperature in the fuel heating chamber (HC) by means of the current switch device (S); (6) turn off the fuel heater (H) and enable engine starting via current switch device (S) when the fuel temperature measured in the fuel heater chamber (HC) by means of the current switch device (S) is greater than or equal to the target fuel temperature; (7) start the engine.

16. Fuel heating method according to claim 14, characterized in that all steps are performed by the processing and control unit (U) in cooperation with the respective device for each step.

17. Fuel heating method according to claim 14, characterized in that the step of (9) interrupting the voltage supply to the fuel heater (H) when the target fuel temperature is reached is performed via current switching device (S).

18. Fuel heating method according to claim 14, characterized in that the step of (9) interrupting the voltage supply to the fuel heater (H) when the target fuel temperature is reached is performed via current switching device (S) from a command sent by the processing and control unit (U) in cooperation with a main current switching device (MS).

19. Internal combustion engine powered by at least one fuel, characterized in that it comprises the system described in claims 1 to 13, which performs the method described in claims 14 to 18.

20. Engine, according to claim 19, characterized in that it comprises a low-flow internal combustion engine.

21. Engine, according to claim 19, characterized in that it comprises an internal combustion engine having at least one cylinder.

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