Antenna system with tuner
The antenna system with z-shaped conductors and tunable capacitors effectively tunes wireless communication devices to multiple frequency bands, overcoming space constraints and maintaining performance in small form factors.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- QUALCOMM INC
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-19
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-25
AI Technical Summary
The challenge of designing antennas for wireless communication devices with limited space and multiple functionalities, such as 5G mmW phased array antennas, is exacerbated by the need for multi-band operation and maintaining structural integrity, especially in small form factors like smart watches, which complicates tuning without adding antennas.
An antenna system with elongated conductors forming a z-slot and a tunable capacitor is used to selectively tune the device to various frequency bands, allowing for efficient operation in multiple frequency bands by adjusting the capacitance through switches and capacitors.
This configuration enables efficient transduction of different frequency bands in a space-limited environment, enhancing gain, directivity, and bandwidth while maintaining structural integrity, thus addressing the challenges of limited space and multi-band operation.
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Figure CN2024140551_25062026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
ANTENNA SYSTEM WITH TUNERBACKGROUND
[0001] Wireless communication devices are increasingly popular and increasingly complex. For example, mobile telecommunication devices have progressed from simple phones, to smart phones with multiple communication capabilities (e.g., multiple cellular communication protocols, and other short-range communication protocols) , supercomputing processors, cameras, etc. Wireless communication devices have antennas to support various functionality such as communication over a range of frequencies, reception of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals, also called Satellite Positioning Signals (SPS signals) , etc.
[0002] With several antennas disposed in a single wireless communication device, available volume for antennas is at a premium. For example, smartphones may have numerous antennas (e.g., eight antennas, 10 antennas, or more) with very limited volume due to the size of devices that consumers desire. Consequently, antenna assemblies (e.g., modules) may be limited to very small volumes, e.g., with widths of 4mm or less.
[0003] Despite the volume restrictions for antennas, desired functionality of the antennas continues to increase. With the advent of 5th generation (5G) of wireless communication technology, mmW (millimeter-wave) phased array antennas have received extensive attention to address the propagation loss and aperture blockage hurdles by introducing higher antenna gain and beamforming features. Multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems is one of the key enablers of 5G technology to increase the spectral efficiency and system capacity by effectively streaming the transmit / receive data with two orthogonally polarized signals (cross-polarized signals) in desired directions. The trend in consumer electronics is to develop RF (Radio Frequency) assemblies (radio frequency assemblies) with small form factors which can be easily accommodated within the limited space of the emerging smart devices including cell phones and tablets.
[0004] The physical requirements of antennas make maintaining or improving performance (e.g., in terms of coverage, latency, bandwidth, radiation efficiency, and / or quality of service) difficult. For example, with limited space for antennas, providing antennas for multi-band operation may be challenging. Further, tuning of an existing antenna, without adding an antenna, may not be able to achieve desired bandwidth.
[0005] Some UEs (user equipment) , including wearable UEs (e.g., smart watches) may include GNSS and NTN (Non-Terrestrial Network) capability. To enable such functionality, antennas may be used to cover GNSS L1 (1.57-1.58 GHz) , GNSS L2 (1.22-1.23 GHz) , GNSS L5 (1.17-1.18 GHz) , N255 (1.52-1.66 GHz) , and N256 (1.98-2.2 GHz) . Implementing these antennas may be challenging, especially in a small form factor such as that of a watch, and especially while maintaining structural integrity and stability.SUMMARY
[0006] An example mobile device includes: an RF circuit (Radio Frequency circuit) at least one of configured to provide an RF transmit signal and configured to process an RF reception signal; and an antenna system communicatively coupled to the RF circuit and comprising: an antenna element comprising a first elongated conductor and a second elongated conductor; a z-slot region that is generally z-shaped and positioned between a first stepped end of the first elongated conductor and a second stepped end of the second elongated conductor, the z-slot region having a width sized for tuning the mobile device to at least one frequency band; and a tunable capacitor coupled to the first stepped end of the first elongated conductor and to the second stepped end of the second elongated conductor, the tunable capacitor being configured to provide a selectable capacitance to tune the mobile device to the at least one frequency band.
[0007] Another example mobile device includes: an antenna system comprising two radiating conductors, each of the radiating conductors comprising a non-protruding portion and a protruding portion, wherein the protruding portion of each radiating conductor is aligned with and extends toward the non-protruding portion of the other radiating conductor; and a tunable capacitor coupled to the non-protruding portion of one of the radiating conductors and the protruding portion of the other radiating conductor.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0008] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a communication system.
[0009] FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of simplified components of a mobile device shown in FIG. 1.
[0010] FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a user equipment including one or more multi-band antennas.
[0011] FIG. 4A is a block diagram of an example antenna system in a user equipment.
[0012] FIG. 4B is a block diagram of the example antenna system shown in FIG. 4A with dimensions of the antenna system labeled.
[0013] FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an example first state of an example antenna system.
[0014] FIG. 6 is a block diagram of an example second state of an example antenna system.
[0015] FIG. 7 is a block and circuit diagram of an example multi-band antenna system with a tunable capacitor for tuning the example multi-band antenna system to a first set of frequency bands.
[0016] FIG. 8 is a block and circuit diagram of an example multi-band antenna system with a tunable capacitor for tuning the example multi-band antenna system to a second set of frequency bands.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0017] Techniques are discussed herein for adjusting a configuration of an antenna system. For example, a signaling circuit includes an antenna that includes multiple antenna element connections for selecting a desired antenna configuration, e.g., a desired radiator length, a desired antenna type (e.g., loop, inverted-F antenna (IFA) , IFA plus a parasitic, etc. ) , and a desired tuning impedance. A radio frequency circuit may be configured to produce and provide a transmit signal to the antenna, or to process a received signal from the antenna, or to produce and provide the transmit signal to the antenna and to process the received signal from the antenna. The connections of the antenna elements (s) , the ground, and the radio frequency circuit may be selected based on a desired frequency of operation of the antenna system. For example, a configuration with the radio frequency circuit connected to a first antenna element and a connection between the first antenna element and second antenna element being open may be selected for operation over a first frequency range. Another configuration with the radio frequency circuit connected to the first antenna element and the first antenna element connected to the second antenna element may be selected for operation over a second frequency range, different from the first frequency range. Impedance tuning may be selectively provided. Examples may include tunable and / or switchable capacitors coupled between different sections of two antenna portions having an overlap. For example, the overlap may form a generally z-shaped slot, and the capacitors may be coupled across different points of the slot. These are examples of configurations, and configurations other than those discussed above may be used.
[0018] Items and / or techniques described herein may provide one or more of the following capabilities, as well as other capabilities not mentioned. Different frequency bands of signals may be transduced efficiently in a space-limited environment of a UE by a single antenna system. Operation of an antenna system over different frequency bands may be selected by connecting a signaling circuit and a ground to one or more antenna elements in different combinations of connections. Other capabilities may be provided and not every implementation according to the disclosure must provide any, let alone all, of the capabilities discussed. Further, it may be possible for an effect noted above to be achieved by means other than that noted, and a noted item / technique may not necessarily yield the noted effect.
[0019] Referring to FIG. 1, a communication system 100 includes mobile devices 112, a network 114, a server 116, access points (APs) 118, 120, and a satellite 130. The communication system 100 is a wireless communication system in that components of the communication system 100 can communicate with one another (at least sometimes) using wireless connections directly or indirectly, e.g., via the network 114 and / or one or more of the access points 118, 120 (and / or one or more other devices not shown, such as one or more base transceiver stations) . For indirect communications, the communications may be altered during transmission from one entity to another, e.g., to alter header information of data packets, to change format, etc. The mobile devices 112 shown are mobile wireless communication devices (although they may communicate wirelessly and via wired connections) including mobile phones (including smartphones) , a laptop computer, a wearable mobile device (here, a watch) , and a tablet computer. Still other mobile devices may be used, whether currently existing or developed in the future. Further, other wireless devices (whether mobile or not) may be implemented within the communication system 100 and may communicate with each other and / or with the mobile devices 112, network 114, server 116, and / or APs 118, 120. For example, such other devices may include internet of thing (IoT) devices, medical devices, home entertainment and / or automation devices, automotive devices, etc. The mobile devices 112 or other devices may be configured to communicate in different networks and / or for different purposes (e.g., 5G, Wi-Fi communication, multiple frequencies of Wi-Fi communication, satellite communication and / or positioning, one or more types of cellular communications (e.g., GSM (Global System for Mobiles) , CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) , LTE (Long-Term Evolution) , etc. ) , communication, etc. ) . The satellite 130 is one of multiple satellites making up one or more Satellite Positioning Systems (SPS) such as the Global Positioning System (GPS) . One or more of the mobile devices 112 include appropriate components (e.g., one or more antennas) for signal transfer with other devices in the system 100, e.g., one or more antennas for receiving signals from the satellite 130 and / or one or more antennas for transmitting signals to and / or receiving signals from other ones of the mobile devices 112 and / or one or more of the APs 118, 120.
[0020] Referring to FIG. 2, a mobile device 200, which is an example of one of the mobile devices 112 shown in FIG. 1, includes a top cover 210, a display layer 220, a printed circuit board (PCB) layer 230, and a bottom cover 240. The mobile device 200 as shown may be a smartphone or a tablet computer but embodiments described herein are not limited to such devices (for example, in other implementations of concepts described herein, a device may be a router or customer premises equipment (CPE) ) . The top cover 210 includes a screen 214. The bottom cover 240 has a bottom surface 244. Sides 212, 242 of the top cover 210 and the bottom cover 240 provide an edge surface. The top cover 210 and the bottom cover 240 comprise a housing that retains the display layer 220, the PCB layer 230, and other components of the mobile device 200 that may or may not be on the PCB layer 230. For example, the housing may retain (e.g., hold, contain) or be integrated with antenna systems, front-end circuits, an intermediate-frequency circuit, and a processor discussed below. The housing may be substantially rectangular, having two sets of parallel edges in the illustrated embodiment, and may be configured to bend or fold. In this example, the housing has rounded corners, although the housing may be substantially rectangular with other shapes of corners, e.g., straight-angled (e.g., 45°) corners, 90°, other non-straight corners, etc. Further, the size and / or shape of the PCB layer 230 may not be commensurate with the size and / or shape of either of the top or bottom covers or otherwise with a perimeter of the device. For example, the PCB layer 230 may have a cutout to accept a battery. Further, the PCB layer 230 may include sandwiched boards and / or a PCB daughter board. Daughter boards may be chosen to facilitate a design and / or manufacturing process, e.g., to reinforce a functional separation or to better utilize a space in the housing. Embodiments of the PCB layer 230 other than those illustrated may be implemented.
[0021] The limited space available in a UE (e.g., a smartphone, tablet computer, etc. ) presents antenna design challenges. For example, with 10 or more antennas for LTE, sub-6GHz band, and SPS (Satellite Positioning System) (e.g., GPS (Global Positioning System) in a mobile phone, there may be no additional space available for another antenna. Because antenna frequency bandwidth varies with antenna size, with small antennas typically having narrow bandwidths, designing a stand-alone antenna to cover a wide frequency bandwidth is challenging.
[0022] As used herein, the term "user equipment" and "UE" are not specific to or otherwise limited to any particular Radio Access Technology (RAT) , unless otherwise noted. In general, UEs may be any wireless communication device (e.g., a mobile phone, router, tablet computer, laptop computer, consumer asset tracking device, Internet of Things (IoT) device, etc. ) used by a user to communicate over a wireless communications network. A UE may be mobile or may (e.g., at certain times) be stationary, and may communicate with a Radio Access Network (RAN) . As used herein, the term "UE" may be referred to interchangeably as an "access terminal" or "AT, " a "client device, " a "wireless device, " a "subscriber device, " a "subscriber terminal, " a "subscriber station, " a "user terminal" or UT, a "mobile terminal, " a "mobile station, " a "mobile device, " or variations thereof. Generally, UEs can communicate with a core network via a RAN, and through the core network the UEs can be connected with external networks such as the Internet and with other UEs. Of course, other mechanisms of connecting to the core network and / or the Internet are also possible for the UEs, such as over wired access networks, networks (e.g., based on IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.11, or another short-range wireless protocol) and so on. Further, two or more UEs may communicate directly in some configurations with or without passing information to each other through a network.
[0023] Referring also to FIG. 3, a UE 300, which is an example of the mobile device 200, may include a body 310, antenna elements 311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, 317 corresponding to respective antennas, possibly including one or more multi-band antennas, and a PCB 320. The PCB 320 may include circuitry, here RF circuitry 330 (Radio Frequency circuitry) , for providing signals to and / or receiving and processing signals from the antenna elements 311-317. The RF circuitry 330 may be coupled to the antenna elements 311-317 by respective energy couplers such as an energy coupler 340 which may be a conductive trace electrically connected to the antenna element 316 and to the PCB 320. In this implementation, the RF circuitry 330 may be configured to convert baseband signals to RF signals and provide the RF signals to antenna element 318, and / or to receive RF signals from the antenna element 318 and convert the received RF signals to baseband signals. The RF circuitry 330 may include an RFFE (RF front end) 332 and a baseband module 334. The RFFE 332 is communicatively coupled to baseband module 334. The RFFE 332 may be configured to receive baseband signals from baseband module 334. Moreover, the RFFE 332 may be configured to convert the received baseband signals to RF signals. The RFFE 332 may send the RF signals to antenna element 316. The RFFE 332 may additionally or alternatively be configured to receive RF signals from the antenna element 316, and convert the received RF signals to baseband signals. In such examples, the RFFE 332 is further configured to transmit the baseband signals to the baseband module 334. Other implementations of RF circuitry 330 may be used besides those described herein. A greater or smaller number of antenna elements than illustrated may be implemented by the UE. In some examples, only the antenna elements 316 and 318 are included in a UE.
[0024] The antenna element 316 includes conductors 351, 352 that may be selectively isolated, combined directly, or combined through an impedance, and the conductor 352 may be selectively grounded, directly and / or through an impedance, to provide for operation over multiple frequency bands. For example, the conductors 351, 352 may be selectively used in order to transduce signals over an LMHB band (from 617 MHz –2690 MHz) , GNSS L1, L2, and L5 bands (from 1.17 GHz to 1.58 GHz) , and NTN bands (e.g., N77 (3300–4200 MHz) , N78 (3300 –3800 MHz) , and N79 (4, 400–5, 000 MHz) ) , N255 (1525 –1559 MHz) , and N256 (2170 –2200 MHz) ) instead of using multiple separate antenna elements (with separate feeds) that are not used in combination. The conductors 351, 352 are shown as having a greater thickness than the antenna elements 311-315 for illustrative purposes, but the thickness of the conductor 351 and / or the conductor 352 may be the same as any of antenna elements 311-317. Varying thicknesses or combinations thereof may be used for the antenna elements 311-317.
[0025] Referring also to FIG. 4A, an antenna system 400, used in UE 200 or 300, may include an antenna element that includes elongated conductors 402 and 404 and a z-slot 408. Each of the elongated conductors 402 and 404 may be called an elongated radiating conductor even if the elongated conductors 402, 404 are used for reception only. The elongated radiating conductor 402 may include a first stepped end 422 defined by a non-protruding portion 434 and a protruding portion 432 extending away from non-protruding portion 434. The elongated radiating conductor 404 may include a second stepped end 424 defined by a non-protruding portion 438 and a protruding portion 436 extending away from non-protruding portion 438. The elongated radiating conductor 402 may be a passive part of antenna system 400 used to enhance the gain, directivity, and bandwidth of antenna system 400. The elongated radiating conductor 402 may be connected to a ground conductor 410. The elongated radiating conductor 404 may be an actuated part (as opposed to a passive part) of antenna system 400 coupled to a transmitter and / or a receiver of UE 200 or 300, e.g., of the RF circuitry 330. For example, the elongated radiating conductor 504 may be connected to an RF circuit 406, e.g., the RF circuitry 330. The RF circuit 406 may be configured to receive and process RF reception signals from the antenna system 400 and provide the processed RF reception signals to another entity (e.g., a modem) , and / or to produce and provide transmission RF signals to antenna system 400. The elongated radiating conductor 404 may function as a primary radiating part for antenna system 400. The elongated radiating conductor 404, possibly in combination with the elongated conductor 402, may provide a half-wave monopole, an inverted-F antenna (IFA) , or the like.
[0026] The antenna system 400 may be configured to form z-slot 408 between elongated radiating conductors 402 and 404. The z-slot 408 is generally z-shaped, with end portions 411, 412 extending away from each other and a central portion 413 connected to the end portions 411, 412 and substantially orthogonal to (e.g., at an angle of 90° + / -10°) the end portions 411, 412 (as opposed to being connected to the top and bottom at more acute angles) . The z-slot 408 may be positioned between first stepped end 422 of elongated radiating conductor 402 and second stepped end 424 of the elongated radiating conductor 404. The z-slot may have a width sized for tuning the antenna system 400 to at least one frequency band. In the illustrated example, the antenna system 400 may operate in the M&H, N77, N78, and N79 frequency bands, with the width of z-slot 408 being at least 2 mm (millimeters) . Other widths of z-slot 408 may be used if other frequency bands are used.
[0027] Referring also to FIG. 4B, the elongated conductors 402, 404 of the antenna system 400 partially overlap along a length of the antenna system 400. For example, for use with frequencies discussed herein, the elongated conductor 402 may have a length 450 of about 20.5 mm, with the protruding portion 432 having a length 452 of about 5.5 mm and the non-protruding portion 434 having a length 454 of about 15 mm. The elongated conductor 404 may have a length 460 of about 22.5 mm, with the protruding portion 436 having a length 466 of about 5.5 mm and the non-protruding portion 438 having a length 468 of about 17 mm. If width 470 of the z-slot 408 is about 2 mm, then the elongated conductors 402, 404 (in particular the protruding portions 432, 436) overlap for an overlap length 480 of about 3.5 mm along a length 490 of the antenna element comprising the elongated conductors 402 and 404. The elongated conductors 402, 404, in this example, overlap for a longer distance than the width 470 of the z-slot 408, which is a distance by which the elongated conductors 402, 404 are separated. The elongated conductors 402, 404, in this example, overlap for more than a third (here, over 40%) of a distance 496 separating the non-protruding portions 434, 438 along the length 490, and more than half of the lengths 452, 466. The width 470 may be limited to be no longer than either of the lengths 452, 466 such that the elongated conductors 402 and 404 partially overlap along the length 490 of the antenna element comprising the elongated conductors 402 and 404. Widths 492, 494 of the elongated conductors 402, 404 may be the same or nearly the same (e.g., within 5%of each other) and the elongated conductors 402, 402 may have their widths 492, 494 aligned (as shown) .
[0028] Referring also to FIG. 5, an antenna system 500, used in UE 200 or 300, may include elongated radiating conductors 502 and 504, a z-slot 508, and a variable capacitor 512. Each of the elongated conductors 502 and 504 may be called an elongated radiating conductor even if the elongated conductors 502, 504 are used for reception only. The elongated radiating conductor 502 may include a first stepped end 522 defined by a non-protruding portion 534 and a protruding portion 532 extending away from non-protruding portion 534. The elongated radiating conductor 504 may include a second stepped end 524 defined by a non-protruding portion 538 and a protruding portion 536 extending away from non-protruding portion 538. The elongated radiating conductor 502 may be a passive part of antenna system 500 used to enhance the gain, directivity, and bandwidth of antenna system 500. The elongated radiating conductor 502 may be connected to a ground conductor 510. The elongated radiating conductor 504 may be an actuated part (as opposed to a passive part) of antenna system 500 coupled to a transmitter and / or a receiver of UE 200 or 300, e.g., of the RF circuitry 330. For example, the elongated radiating conductor 504 may be connected to an RF circuit 506, e.g., the RF circuitry 330. The RF circuit 506 may be configured to receive and process RF reception signals from the antenna system 500 and provide the processed RF reception signals to another entity (e.g., a modem) , and / or to produce and provide transmission RF signals to antenna system 500. The elongated radiating conductor 504 may function as a primary radiating part for antenna system 500. The elongated radiating conductor 504, possibly in combination with the elongated conductor 502, may provide a half-wave monopole, an inverted-F antenna (IFA) , or the like.
[0029] The antenna system 500 may be configured to form z-slot 508 between elongated radiating conductors 502 and 504. The z-slot 508 is generally z-shaped, although a central portion may be orthogonal to a top and a bottom of z-slot 508 (as opposed to being connected to the top and bottom at acute angles) . The z-slot 508 may be positioned between the first stepped end 522 of elongated radiating conductor 502 and the second stepped end 524 of the elongated radiating conductor 504. The z-slot 508 may have a width sized for tuning the antenna system 500 to at least one frequency band. In some examples (e.g., as described above with respect to FIGS. 4A, 4B) , the antenna system 500 may operate in the M&H, N77, N78, and N79 frequency bands, with the width of z-slot 508 being at least 2 mm (millimeters) . Other widths of z-slot 508 may be used if other frequency bands are used.
[0030] In the illustrated example, the length of the elongated radiating conductor 504 is longer than that of the elongated radiating conductor 502, changing the resonance frequency of the antenna system 500. For example, as discussed above with respect to FIGS. 4A and 4B, the elongated conductor 502 may be about 20.5 mm long and the elongated conductor 504 may be about 22.5 mm long. The variable capacitor 512 may be connected between the protruding portion 532 of the elongated radiating conductor 502 and the non-protruding portion 538 of the elongated radiating conductor 504, to tune the resonance frequency of antenna system 500 to operate in multiple bands, such as M&H and N78 bands.
[0031] Referring also to FIG. 6, an antenna system 600, used in UE 200 or 300, may include elongated radiating conductors 602 and 604, a z-slot 608, and a variable capacitor 612. The elongated radiating conductor 602 may be a passive part of antenna system 600 used to enhance the gain, directivity, and bandwidth of antenna system 600. The elongated radiating conductor 602 may be connected to a ground conductor 610. The elongated radiating conductor 604 may be an actuated part (as opposed to a passive part) of antenna system 600 coupled to a transmitter and / or a receiver of UE 200 or 300, e.g., of the RF circuitry 330. For example, the elongated radiating conductor 604 may be connected to an RF circuit 606, e.g., the RF circuitry 330. The RF circuit 606 may be configured to receive and process RF reception signals from the antenna system 600 and provide the processed RF reception signals to another entity (e.g., a modem) and / or to produce and provide transmission RF signals to the antenna system 600. The elongated radiating conductor 604 may function as a primary radiating part for antenna system 600. The elongated radiating conductor 604, possibly in combination with the elongated conductor 602, may provide a half-wave monopole, an inverted-F antenna (IFA) , or the like.
[0032] The antenna system 600 may be configured to form z-slot 608 between elongated radiating conductors 602 and 604. The z-slot 608 is generally z-shaped, although a central portion may be orthogonal to a top and a bottom of z-slot 608 (as opposed to being connected to the top and bottom at acute angles) . The z-slot 608 may be positioned between a first stepped end 622 of elongated radiating conductor 602 and a second stepped end 624 of the elongated radiating conductor 604. The z-slot 608 may have a width sized for tuning the antenna system 600 to at least one frequency band. In some examples (e.g., as described above with respect to FIGS. 4A, 4B) , the antenna system 600 may operate in the M&H, N77, N78, and N79 frequency bands, with the width of z-slot 608 being at least 2 mm (millimeters) . Other widths of z-slot 608 may be used if other frequency bands are used.
[0033] In the illustrated example, the length of the elongated radiating conductor 602 is shorter than that of the elongated radiating conductor 604, which alters the resonance frequency of the antenna system 600. A variable capacitor 612 can be connected between a non-protruding portion 634 of the elongated radiating conductor 602 and a protruding section 636 of the elongated radiating conductor 604. This arrangement allows the antenna system 600 to be tuned to operate in multiple frequency bands, such as the M&H and N79 bands. While FIGS. 5 and 6 are illustrated as being separate examples, in some configurations both the variable capacitors 512 and 612 are implemented in an antenna system.
[0034] Referring also to FIG. 7, an antenna system 700, used in UE 300, is an example of a multi-band antenna system tuned to a first set of frequency bands. The first set of frequency bands of antenna system 700 may be similar to the frequency bands described for antenna system 500. The antenna system 700 may include a shorting switch 711, a shorting switch 712, a variable capacitor 720, elongated radiating conductors 758 and 760, and a shorting switch 762. The elongated radiating conductors 758 and 760 are examples of elongated conductors 502, 504. The elongated radiating conductor 758 may be a passive part, and the elongated radiating conductor 760 may be an actuated part of the antenna system 700. The elongated radiating conductor 758 may be coupled (as shown) , or selectively coupled (not illustrated) , to a ground conductor 766. The elongated radiating conductor 760 may be coupled (as shown) or selectively coupled (not illustrated) to an RF circuit 764. The RF circuit 764 may be configured to provide processed RF transmit signals to or receive RF reception signals from elongated radiating conductor 760. In this example, the elongated radiating conductor 760 may be sized to have a length longer than the length of the elongated radiating conductor 758. Moreover, the elongated radiating conductors 758 and 760 may be separated by a z-slot. The width of the z-lot may be at least 2 mm (millimeters) , as in the case of antenna system 500.
[0035] The shorting switch 711 may be configured to selectively short circuit port 731 (coupled to the protruding portion of the elongated radiating conductor 760 via port 770) to port 732 (coupled to the protruding portion of elongated radiating conductor 758 via port 768) to selectively short the elongated radiating conductor 760 to elongated radiating conductor 758 (bypassing the capacitor 720) or selectively isolate elongated radiating conductor 760 from elongated radiating conductor 758. The shorting switch 712 may be configured to selectively couple port 732 to the non-protruding portion of elongated radiating conductor 758 at port 772 when shorting switch 712 is turned ON, and to selectively isolate port 732 from elongated radiating conductor 758 at port 772 when shorting switch 712 is turned OFF. In this example, shorting switch 712 is turned OFF. The shorting switch 762 may be configured to selectively couple port 731 to the non-protruding portion of elongated radiating conductor 760 at port 774 when shorting switch 712 is turned ON, and to selectively isolate port 731 from elongated radiating conductor 760 at port 774 when shorting switch 712 is turned OFF. In this example, shorting switch 762 is turned ON.
[0036] In this example, the variable capacitor 720 is a variable-reactance component that is configured to include five (5) different capacitance components. The variable capacitor 720 includes capacitance selection switches 741, 742, 743, 744, 745 and corresponding capacitors 751, 752, 753, 754, 755. In this example, the capacitor 720 is configured to provide any of five non-zero capacitance values or a combination of two or more thereof (with one or more of the switches 741-745 closed) . The capacitor 751 may have a capacitance value of, for example, about 40 pF. One or more of the capacitors 751-755 may be a variable capacitor (e.g., comprising multiple capacitors) , or two or more of the capacitors 751-755 may function as a variable capacitor. For example, one of the capacitors 751-755 (e.g., the capacitor 755 as shown) may be, or a combination of two or more of the capacitors 751-755 may function as, a variable capacitor with a capacitance varying between about 1.4 pF and about 5.4 pF. As shown, each of the switches 741-745 is coupled in series with a respective one of the capacitors 751-755, with the series switch / capacitor combinations being coupled in parallel with each other. In some implementations, a controller may control the switches 741-745 to select a desired reactance value for the capacitor 720. The capacitor 720 is an example, and other configurations of variable-reactance components may be used (e.g., with another quantity of discrete selectable capacitors, and / or with one or more resistive components included, and / or with one or more inductive components included) .
[0037] In this example, the antenna system 700 may be configured to operate at different frequency bands, such as the M&H and N78 bands, by tuning the capacitance of variable capacitor 720. In other implementations, the antenna system 700 may be configured to be a multi-band antenna system operating at different frequency bands from those described in this example by tuning the capacitance of variable capacitor 720.
[0038] Connections to elongated conductors of antenna systems discussed herein may be made in a variety of manners and / or at a variety of locations of the elongated conductors. For example, a spring connector may be used to form a connection to an elongated conductor. As another example, a side clip (which may be a spring connector) or a front clip may be used to connect to an elongated conductor. A connection may be made to a surface of an elongated conductor, e.g., shown in FIG. 7, or to a surface transverse to the surface shown in FIG. 7 (e.g., a surface that is transverse to FIG. 7 (e.g., into the page) ) .
[0039] Referring also to FIG. 8, an antenna system 800, used in UE 300, is an example of a multi-band antenna system tuned to a second set of frequency bands. The second set of frequency bands of antenna system 800 may be similar to the frequency bands described for antenna system 600. The antenna system 800 may include a shorting switch 811, a shorting switch 812, a variable capacitor 820, elongated radiating conductors 858 and 860, and a shorting switch 862. The elongated radiating conductors 858 and 860 are examples of elongated conductors 602, 604. The elongated radiating conductor 858 may be a passive part, and the elongated radiating conductor 860 be an actuated part of the antenna system 800. The elongated radiating conductor 858 may be coupled (as shown) , or selectively coupled (not illustrated) , to a ground conductor 866. The elongated radiating conductor 860 may be coupled (as shown) or selectively coupled (not illustrated) to an RF circuit 864. The RF circuit 864 may be configured to provide processed RF transmit signals to or receive RF reception signals from to elongated radiating conductor 860. In this example, the elongated radiating conductor 858 may be sized to have a length shorter than the length of the elongated radiating conductor 860. Moreover, the elongated radiating conductors 858 and 860 may be separated by a z-slot. The width of the z-lot may be at least 2 mm (millimeters) , as in the case of antenna system 600.
[0040] The shorting switch 811 may be configured to selectively short circuit port 831 (coupled to the protruding portion of elongated radiating conductor 860 via a port 870) to port 832 (coupled to protruding section of elongated radiating conductor 858 via a port 868) to selectively short the elongated radiating conductor 860 to elongated radiating conductor 858 or selectively isolate elongated radiating conductor 860 from elongated radiating conductor 858. The shorting switch 812 may be configured to selectively couple port 832 to the non-protruding portion of the elongated radiating conductor 858 at port 872 when shorting switch 812 is turned ON, or shorting switch 812 may be configured to selectively isolate port 832 to elongated radiating conductor 858 at port 872 when shorting switch 812 is turned OFF. In this example, shorting switch 812 is turned OFF. The shorting switch 862 may be configured to selectively couple port 831 to the non-protruding portion of the elongated radiating conductor 860 at port 874 when shorting switch 812 is turned ON, or shorting switch 862 may be configured to selectively isolate port 831 to elongated radiating conductor 860 at port 874 when shorting switch 812 is turned OFF. In this example, shorting switch 862 is turned ON.
[0041] In this example, the variable capacitor 820 is a variable-reactance component that having at least five (5) different capacitance components. The variable capacitor 820 includes capacitance selection switches 841, 842, 843, 844, 845 and corresponding capacitors 851, 852, 853, 854, 855. In this example, the capacitor 820 is configured to provide any of five non-zero capacitance values or a combination of two or more thereof (with one or more of the switches 841-845 closed) . The capacitor 851 may have a capacitance value of, for example, about 40 pF. One or more of the capacitors 851-855 may be a variable capacitor (e.g., comprising multiple capacitors) , or two or more of the capacitors 851-855 may function as a variable capacitor. For example, one of the capacitors 851-855 (e.g., the capacitor 855 as shown) may be, or a combination of two or more of the capacitors 851-855 may function as, a variable capacitor with a capacitance varying between about 1.4 pF and about 5.4 pF. As shown, each of the switches 841-845 is coupled in series with a respective one of the capacitors 851-855, with the series switch / capacitor combinations being coupled in parallel with each other. In some implementations, a controller may control the switches 841-845 to select a desired reactance value for the capacitor 820. The capacitor 820 is an example, and other configurations of variable-reactance components may be used (e.g., with another quantity of discrete selectable capacitors, and / or with one or more resistive components included, and / or with one or more inductive components included) .
[0042] In this example, the antenna system 800 may be configured to operate at different frequency bands, such as the M&H and N79 bands, by tuning the capacitance of variable capacitor 820. In other implementations, the antenna system 800 may be configured to be a multi-band antenna system operating at different frequency bands from those described in this example by tuning the capacitance of variable capacitor 820.
[0043] Implementation examples
[0044] Implementation examples are provided in the following numbered clauses.
[0045] Clause 1. A mobile device comprising: an RF circuit (Radio Frequency circuit) at least one of configured to provide an RF transmit signal and configured to process an RF reception signal; and an antenna system communicatively coupled to the RF circuit and comprising: an antenna element comprising a first elongated conductor and a second elongated conductor; a z-slot region that is generally z-shaped and positioned between a first stepped end of the first elongated conductor and a second stepped end of the second elongated conductor, the z-slot region having a width sized for tuning the mobile device to at least one frequency band; and a tunable capacitor coupled to the first stepped end of the first elongated conductor and to the second stepped end of the second elongated conductor, the tunable capacitor being configured to provide a selectable capacitance to tune the mobile device to the at least one frequency band.
[0046] Clause 2. The mobile device of clause 1, wherein the tunable capacitor comprises a plurality of input ports connected to the first elongated conductor and the second elongated conductor.
[0047] Clause 3. The mobile device of either clause 1 or clause 2, wherein the first elongated conductor is coupled to the tunable capacitor and coupled to at least one first switch.
[0048] Clause 4. The mobile device of any of clauses 1-3, wherein the second elongated conductor is coupled to the tunable capacitor and at least one second switch.
[0049] Clause 5. The mobile device of clause 4, wherein the tunable capacitor is configured to provide the selectable capacitance for tuning the mobile device to the at least one frequency band based on the at least one first switch being ON or OFF, or the at least one second switch being ON or OFF.
[0050] Clause 6. The mobile device of any of clauses 1-5, wherein the tunable capacitor comprises a plurality of capacitive elements for tuning the antenna system.
[0051] Clause 7. The mobile device of any of clauses 1-6, wherein the width of the z-slot region is at least 2.0 millimeters.
[0052] Clause 8. The mobile device of any of clauses 1-7, wherein the first stepped end of the first elongated conductor comprises a first non-protruding portion and a first protruding portion coupled to the first non-protruding portion and extending away from the first non-protruding portion, and wherein the second stepped end of the second elongated comprises a second non-protruding portion and a second protruding portion coupled to the second non-protruding portion and extending away from the second non-protruding portion and toward the first non-protruding portion.
[0053] Clause 9. The mobile device of clause 8, wherein the first protruding portion and the second protruding portion partially overlap along a length of the antenna element.
[0054] Clause 10. The mobile device of clause 9, wherein the first protruding portion overlaps with the second protruding portion for more than a third of a separation of the first non-protruding portion and the second non-protruding portion.
[0055] Clause 11. The mobile device of either clause 9 or clause 10, wherein the first protruding portion overlaps with the second protruding portion for more than half of a length of the first protruding portion.
[0056] Clause 12. The mobile device of any of clauses 8-11, wherein the tunable capacitor is coupled to the first protruding portion of the first elongated conductor and the second non-protruding portion of the second elongated conductor.
[0057] Clause 13. The mobile device of clause 10, wherein the tunable capacitor is coupled to the second protruding portion of the second elongated conductor and the first non-protruding portion of the first elongated conductor.
[0058] Clause 14. The mobile device of any of clauses 1-13, further comprising: a switch coupled to the first elongated conductor and the second elongated conductor; and a controller communicatively coupled to the switch and configured to cause the switch to selectively short the first elongated conductor to the second elongated conductor.
[0059] Clause 15. A mobile device comprising: an antenna system comprising two radiating conductors, each of the radiating conductors comprising a non-protruding portion and a protruding portion, wherein the protruding portion of each radiating conductor is aligned with and extends toward the non-protruding portion of the other radiating conductor; and a tunable capacitor coupled to the non-protruding portion of one of the radiating conductors and the protruding portion of the other radiating conductor.
[0060] Clause 16. The mobile device of clause 15, wherein the tunable capacitor is selectively coupled between the non-protruding portion of one of the radiating conductors and the protruding portion of the other radiating conductor, and wherein the tunable capacitor is selectively coupled between the protruding portion of the one of the radiating conductors and the non-protruding portion of the other radiating conductor.
[0061] Clause 17. The mobile device of either clause 15 or clause 16, wherein the protruding portions of the radiating conductors overlap without touching.
[0062] Clause 18. The mobile device of any of clauses 15-17, wherein the two radiating conductors define a generally z-shaped slot with a width of at least two millimeters.
[0063] Clause 19. The mobile device of any of clauses 15-18, further comprising a switch coupled to the radiating conductors and configured to selectively short the radiating conductors to each other, bypassing the tunable capacitor.
[0064] Other Considerations
[0065] Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
[0066] As used herein, the singular forms “a, ” “an, ” and “the” include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Thus, reference to a device in the singular (e.g., “a device, ” “the device” ) , including in the claims, includes one or more of such devices. The phrases “at least one” and “one or more” are used interchangeably and such that “at least one” referred-to object and “one or more” referred-to objects include implementations that have one referred-to object and implementations that have multiple referred-to objects. For example, “at least one device” and “one or more devices” each includes implementations that have one device and implementations that have multiple devices.
[0067] The terms “comprises, ” “comprising, ” “includes, ” and / or “including, ” as used herein, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof.
[0068] Also, as used herein, “or” as used in a list of items (possibly prefaced by “at least one of” or prefaced by “one or more of” ) indicates a disjunctive list such that, for example, a list of “at least one of A, B, or C, ” or a list of “one or more of A, B, or C” or a list of “A or B or C” means A, or B, or C, or AB (A and B) , or AC (A and C) , or BC (B and C) , or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) , or combinations with more than one feature (e.g., AA, AAB, ABBC, etc. ) . Thus, a recitation that an item, e.g., a processor, is configured to perform a function regarding at least one of A or B, or a recitation that an item is configured to perform a function A or a function B, means that the item may be configured to perform the function regarding A, or may be configured to perform the function regarding B, or may be configured to perform the function regarding A and B. For example, a phrase of “a processor configured to measure at least one of A or B” or “a processor configured to measure A or measure B” means that the processor may be configured to measure A (and may or may not be configured to measure B) , or may be configured to measure B (and may or may not be configured to measure A) , or may be configured to measure A and measure B (and may be configured to select which, or both, of A and B to measure) . Similarly, a recitation of a means for measuring at least one of A or B includes means for measuring A (which may or may not be able to measure B) , or means for measuring B (and may or may not be configured to measure A) , or means for measuring A and B (which may be able to select which, or both, of A and B to measure) . As another example, a recitation that an item, e.g., a processor, is configured to at least one of perform function X or perform function Y means that the item may be configured to perform the function X, or may be configured to perform the function Y, or may be configured to perform the function X and to perform the function Y. For example, a phrase of “a processor configured to at least one of measure X or measure Y” means that the processor may be configured to measure X (and may or may not be configured to measure Y) , or may be configured to measure Y (and may or may not be configured to measure X) , or may be configured to measure X and to measure Y (and may be configured to select which, or both, of X and Y to measure) .
[0069] As used herein, unless otherwise stated, a statement that a function or operation is “based on” an item or condition means that the function or operation is based on the stated item or condition and may be based on one or more items and / or conditions in addition to the stated item or condition.
[0070] Substantial variations may be made in accordance with specific requirements. For example, customized hardware might also be used, and / or particular elements might be implemented in hardware, software (including portable software, such as applets, etc. ) executed by a processor, or both. Further, connection to other computing devices such as network input / output devices may be employed. Components, functional or otherwise, shown in the figures and / or discussed herein as being connected or communicating with each other are communicatively coupled unless otherwise noted. That is, they may be directly or indirectly connected to enable communication between them.
[0071] The systems and devices discussed above are examples. Various configurations may omit, substitute, or add various procedures or components as appropriate. For instance, features described with respect to certain configurations may be combined in various other configurations. Different aspects and elements of the configurations may be combined in a similar manner. Also, technology evolves and, thus, many of the elements are examples and do not limit the scope of the disclosure or claims.
[0072] A wireless communication system is one in which communications are conveyed wirelessly, i.e., by electromagnetic and / or acoustic waves propagating through atmospheric space rather than through a wire or other physical connection, between wireless communication devices (also called wireless communications devices) . A wireless communication system (also called a wireless communications system, a wireless communication network, or a wireless communications network) may not have all communications transmitted wirelessly, but is configured to have at least some communications transmitted wirelessly. Further, the term “wireless communication device, ” or similar term, does not require that the functionality of the device is exclusively, or even primarily, for communication, or that communication using the wireless communication device is exclusively, or even primarily, wireless, or that the device be a mobile device, but indicates that the device includes wireless communication capability (one-way or two-way) , e.g., includes at least one radio (each radio being part of a transmitter, receiver, or transceiver) for wireless communication.
[0073] Specific details are given in the description herein to provide a thorough understanding of example configurations (including implementations) . However, configurations may be practiced without these specific details. For example, well-known circuits, processes, algorithms, structures, and techniques have been shown without unnecessary detail in order to avoid obscuring the configurations. The description herein provides example configurations, and does not limit the scope, applicability, or configurations of the claims. Rather, the preceding description of the configurations provides a description for implementing described techniques. Various changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements.
[0074] Having described several example configurations, various modifications, alternative constructions, and equivalents may be used. For example, the above elements may be components of a larger system, wherein other rules may take precedence over or otherwise modify the application of the disclosure. Also, a number of operations may be undertaken before, during, or after the above elements are considered. Accordingly, the above description does not bound the scope of the claims.
[0075] Unless otherwise indicated, “about” and / or “approximately” as used herein when referring to a measurable value such as an amount, a temporal duration, and the like, encompasses variations of ±20%or ±10%, ±5%, or ±0.1%from the specified value, as appropriate in the context of the systems, devices, circuits, methods, and other implementations described herein. Unless otherwise indicated, “substantially” as used herein when referring to a measurable value such as an amount, a temporal duration, a physical attribute (such as frequency) , and the like, also encompasses variations of ±20%or ±10%, ±5%, or ±0.1%from the specified value, as appropriate in the context of the systems, devices, circuits, methods, and other implementations described herein.
[0076] A statement that a value exceeds (or is more than or above) a first threshold value is equivalent to a statement that the value meets or exceeds a second threshold value that is slightly greater than the first threshold value, e.g., the second threshold value being one value higher than the first threshold value in the resolution of a computing system. A statement that a value is less than (or is within or below) a first threshold value is equivalent to a statement that the value is less than or equal to a second threshold value that is slightly lower than the first threshold value, e.g., the second threshold value being one value lower than the first threshold value in the resolution of a computing system.
Claims
1.A mobile device comprising:an RF circuit (Radio Frequency circuit) at least one of configured to provide an RF transmit signal and configured to process an RF reception signal; andan antenna system communicatively coupled to the RF circuit and comprising:an antenna element comprising a first elongated conductor and a second elongated conductor;a z-slot region that is generally z-shaped and positioned between a first stepped end of the first elongated conductor and a second stepped end of the second elongated conductor, the z-slot region having a width sized for tuning the mobile device to at least one frequency band; anda tunable capacitor coupled to the first stepped end of the first elongated conductor and to the second stepped end of the second elongated conductor, the tunable capacitor being configured to provide a selectable capacitance to tune the mobile device to the at least one frequency band.2.The mobile device of claim 1, wherein the tunable capacitor comprises a plurality of input ports connected to the first elongated conductor and the second elongated conductor.3.The mobile device of claim 1, wherein the first elongated conductor is coupled to the tunable capacitor and coupled to at least one first switch.4.The mobile device of claim 3, wherein the second elongated conductor is coupled to the tunable capacitor and at least one second switch.5.The mobile device of claim 4, wherein the tunable capacitor is configured to provide the selectable capacitance for tuning the mobile device to the at least one frequency band based on the at least one first switch being ON or OFF, or the at least one second switch being ON or OFF.6.The mobile device of claim 1, wherein the tunable capacitor comprises a plurality of capacitive elements for tuning the antenna system.7.The mobile device of claim 1, wherein the width of the z-slot region is at least 2.0 millimeters.8.The mobile device of claim 1, wherein the first stepped end of the first elongated conductor comprises a first non-protruding portion and a first protruding portion coupled to the first non-protruding portion and extending away from the first non-protruding portion, and wherein the second stepped end of the second elongated comprises a second non-protruding portion and a second protruding portion coupled to the second non-protruding portion and extending away from the second non-protruding portion and toward the first non-protruding portion.9.The mobile device of claim 8, wherein the first protruding portion and the second protruding portion partially overlap along a length of the antenna element.10.The mobile device of claim 9, wherein the first protruding portion overlaps with the second protruding portion for more than a third of a separation of the first non-protruding portion and the second non-protruding portion.11.The mobile device of claim 9, wherein the first protruding portion overlaps with the second protruding portion for more than half of a length of the first protruding portion.12.The mobile device of claim 8, wherein the tunable capacitor is coupled to the first protruding portion of the first elongated conductor and the second non-protruding portion of the second elongated conductor.13.The mobile device of claim 12, wherein the tunable capacitor is coupled to the second protruding portion of the second elongated conductor and the first non-protruding portion of the first elongated conductor.14.The mobile device of claim 1, further comprising:a switch coupled to the first elongated conductor and the second elongated conductor; anda controller communicatively coupled to the switch and configured to cause the switch to selectively short the first elongated conductor to the second elongated conductor.15.A mobile device comprising:an antenna system comprising two radiating conductors, each of the radiating conductors comprising a non-protruding portion and a protruding portion, wherein the protruding portion of each radiating conductor is aligned with and extends toward the non-protruding portion of the other radiating conductor; anda tunable capacitor coupled to the non-protruding portion of one of the radiating conductors and the protruding portion of the other radiating conductor.16.The mobile device of claim 15, wherein the tunable capacitor is selectively coupled between the non-protruding portion of one of the radiating conductors and the protruding portion of the other radiating conductor, and wherein the tunable capacitor is selectively coupled between the protruding portion of the one of the radiating conductors and the non-protruding portion of the other radiating conductor.17.The mobile device of claim 16, wherein the protruding portions of the radiating conductors overlap without touching.18.The mobile device of claim 15, wherein the two radiating conductors define a generally z-shaped slot with a width of at least two millimeters.19.The mobile device of claim 15, further comprising a switch coupled to the radiating conductors and configured to selectively short the radiating conductors to each other, bypassing the tunable capacitor.