A flood protection system

Abstract

Disclosed is a flood protection system for protecting a building or a structure from being flooded. The flood protection system comprises, a trench comprising an upper opening and a bottom compartment. The bottom compartment includes a first upwards extending compartment sidewall and a second upwards extending compartment sidewall angled in relation to each other in a trench angle so that said bottom compartment gradually becomes wider upwards. Further included is a water impermeable sheet extending upwards from said bottom compartment, and a tile element having a first tile end opposite a second tile end, wherein a first tile side is extending opposite a second tile side at least partly between said first tile end and said second tile end. The first tile side and said second tile side are angled in relation to each other in a tile angle being substantially equal to said trench angle. The tile element is wedged into said bottom compartment so that said water impermeable sheet is fixed between said tile element and at least one of said first upwards extending compartment sidewall or said second upwards extending compartment sidewall.

Description

[0001] A FLOOD PROTECTION SYSTEM

[0002] Background of the invention

[0003] The invention relates to a flood protection system and to a method of preventing a building or a structure from being flooded by means of a flood protection system.

[0004] Description of the Related Art

[0005] Flood protection systems are used to prevent or mitigate water ingress into buildings or the like during flooding events. However, existing flood protection solutions often suffer from significant disadvantages.

[0006] Temporary flooding barriers such as sandbags are labor-intensive to install, provide inconsistent sealing, and are prone to leakage and displacement under water pressure. W02012 / 041281 A2, US4693042 A, US11401678 Bl, and US4488386 offer more permanently installed flood protection systems utilizing a waterproof membrane for flood protection. Nevertheless, these prior art systems are relatively complex to install, take up lot of space both when in use and when not in use, or lack sufficient mechanical stability, or effective sealing or scalability, or they require expertise for deployment.

[0007] An object of the invention is therefore to provide for better flood protection.

[0008] The invention

[0009] The invention relates to a flood protection system for protecting a building or a structure from being flooded, wherein said flood protection system comprises, a trench comprising an upper opening and a bottom compartment, wherein said bottom compartment includes a first upwards extending compartment sidewall and a second upwards extending compartment sidewall angled in relation to each other in a trench angle so that said bottom compartment gradually becomes wider upwards, a water impermeable sheet extending upwards from said bottom compartment, and a tile element having a first tile end opposite a second tile end, wherein a first tile side is extending opposite a second tile side at least partly between said first tile end and said second tile end, wherein said first tile side and said second tile side are angled in relation to each other in a tile angle being substantially equal to said trench angle, and wherein said tile element is wedged into said bottom compartment so that said water impermeable sheet is fixed between said tile element and at least one of said first upwards extending compartment sidewall or said second upwards extending compartment sidewall.

[0010] In short, this arrangement provides a robust, adaptable, scalable barrier against floodwater, ensuring that the water impermeable sheet is securely fixed and minimizing the risk of leakage. The angled sidewalls and matching tile element improve the sealing effect and may facilitate easy installation and removal. Furthermore, the fixation of the impermeable sheet in-between the tile element and the at least one upward extending compartment side wall may provide a tight sealing, which is robust, for example, because pressure may be applied to the water impermeable membrane over a relatively large surface of the tile element and the at least one upward extending compartment side wall as the tile element is wedged into the trench. A pressure applied over a large surface is further advantageous, because it may cause less wear and tear of the water impermeable membrane at the interface between the tile element and the at least one upward extending side wall, because the pressure may be applied over a larger surface area. Thereby, tight sealing may be achieved while still minimizing wear and tear of the water impermeable membrane.

[0011] Moreover, while the water impermeable membrane might be stored in the trench when it is not in use, the invention is advantageous, because the water impermeable membrane does not necessarily need to be stored in the trench when not in use. Thereby, the water impermeable membrane can be stored in another place where it is not affected by weather induced wear and tear, such as by water and snow ingress into the trench affecting the membrane, potential shifts in temperatures and etc. The membrane may instead be stored away in a protective place, hence increasing the life expectancy of the water impermeable membrane, which is advantageous.

[0012] The flood protection system, according to the invention, offers several further technical and practical advantages. Firstly, the use of a trench with angled sidewalls that gradually widen upwards allows for a more secure and adaptable fit of the tile element, which improves the overall sealing performance. This geometry ensures that the tile element can be wedged tightly, increasing the mechanical fixation of the water impermeable sheet and reducing the risk of water ingress due to gaps or misalignment. The matching angles between the trench sidewalls and the tile element further enhance the sealing effect, as the components may cooperate to distribute pressure evenly along the contact surfaces. The design may further facilitate a relatively large contact surface, which may improve the sealing against water ingress.

[0013] In addition, the system may be modular and scalable and hence adaptable for high water protection of buildings or structures of various sizes. The system may be easily installed or removed without the need for tools specifically designed for the system. When the system is installed, it advantageously facilitates rapid highwater protection in flood situations and enables straightforward maintenance or replacement of individual components. The water impermeable sheet, being fixed between the tile element and the trench sidewall, is protected from displacement and mechanical damage, which increases the durability and reliability of the barrier. When not in use, the installed system does not take up much space, and it may be visibly hidden, so that it does not hinder the function and the aesthetics of the building or structure it may protect when in use.

[0014] Additionally, the arrangement allows for the use of various materials for the sheet and tile element, making the system adaptable to different environmental conditions, cost requirements and resource availability. For example, the sheet could be made from reinforced polymer for high durability, or from flexible rubber for ease of handling. Other materials may also be used for the sheet. The trench and tile element could be constructed from concrete, metal, plastic, silicone, rubber or other materials, depending on the application.

[0015] Overall, the system provides a simple robust, flexible, and effective solution for flood protection, with good sealing, ease of installation, and adaptability to different site conditions.

[0016] As used herein, the term trench may refer to any elongated cavity, channel, groove, or recess formed in the ground or in a supporting structure, for example, adjacent to or near a building or structure, and intended to accommodate components of the flood protection system. The trench may be made of various materials or various combinations of materials. For example, a trench may be a concrete-lined channel running parallel to a wall, an excavated earth channel, a prefabricated plastic or metal trough, or even a modular slot formed in a foundation or pavement. The trench may be open or covered, and may vary in cross-sectional shape, trapezoidal, V-shaped, or custom profiles, to name a few non-limiting examples.

[0017] As used herein, bottom compartment means may be understood as the lower portion of the trench, which is configured to receive and secure the tile element and the water impermeable sheet. The bottom compartment may be formed integrally with the trench or as a separate insert. The bottom compartment may include features such as the upwards extending compartment sidewalls, which are angled sidewalls. It may in some embodiments of the invention further include shelves, or recesses, which may, for example, facilitate wedging and sealing.

[0018] As used herein, first upwards extending compartment sidewall and “second upwards extending compartment sidewall may refer to the two opposing or adjacent structural surfaces that define, for example, lateral boundaries of the bottom compartment of the trench and extend in an upward direction from the base of the compartment. These sidewalls are angled in relation to each other to form a widening geometry, typically defined by the trench angle.

[0019] The sidewalls may be formed from any suitable material, including but not limited to concrete, metal, plastic, composite, or compacted earth, and may, for example, be integral with the trench or formed as inserts, panels, or modular components. The sidewalls may, for example, be planar, curved, stepped, or profiled, and may include additional features such as grooves, ridges, sealing surfaces, or reinforcement elements. For example, the first and second upwards extending compartment sidewalls may be: two sloped concrete walls forming a substantially V-shaped trench base; it may be a pair of metal panels or plastic panels, for example, molded plastic panels, with angled surfaces and, for example, including integrated sealing ridges; it may be a steel frame, for example, with angled flanges designed to receive a wedge- shaped tile element; a composite structure with embedded fibers and, for example, hydrophobic coating to enhance water resistance, or no coating, or even a hydrophilic coating, depending on the implementation of the invention. The sidewalls may serve to guide and retain the tile element when it is wedged into the bottom compartment and to compress the water impermeable sheet between the tile and the trench structure, thereby contributing to the sealing and mechanical fixation of the flood protection system.

[0020] As used herein, water impermeable sheet refers to any flexible, semi-rigid, or rigid membrane, panel, or layer that is capable of preventing or substantially reducing the passage of water. The sheet may be made from materials such as rubber, polymer, composite, metal, fabric including treated and untreated fabric, and may include reinforcement, coatings, or multi-layer structures. For example, the water impermeable sheet could be a roll of EPDM rubber, a PVC tarpaulin, a metal plate, or a composite laminate with embedded fibers. The sheet may be continuous or segmented, and may include features such as attachment means, for example, attachment holes, grommets, sealing strips or other types of attachment means.

[0021] As used herein, tile element may be understood as any structural component, wedge, plate, block, or panel that is shaped to fit into the trench and secure the water impermeable sheet. The tile element may be made from elastic, rigid or semi-rigid materials such as, for example, metal, plastic, composite, wood, concrete, rubber or silicone, and may have various shapes and profiles to match the trench geometry. For example, the tile element may be a wedge-shaped steel plate, a molded plastic block, a composite panel with angled sides, or a modular interlocking unit, a concrete tile, with a triangular shape, or it may be a tile element with recesses or protrusions, for example, support projections. The tile element may include additional features such as handles, projections, or sealing surfaces and the tile element may also be coated.

[0022] As used herein, trench angle and tile angle may refer to the respective angles between the sidewalls of the trench and the sides of the tile element, which are designed to match for optimal fit and sealing. The angles may, for example, be acute, obtuse, or right angles, and may be constant or variable along the length of the trench or tile element. For example, the trench angle could be 60 degrees in a V-shaped trench or less or more, and even more than 90 degrees, or a variable angle in a custom profile, or another angle. The tile angle is selected to correspond to the trench angle, ensuring that the tile element can be wedged securely and provide effective sealing.

[0023] According to an embodiment of the invention, at least a part of said tile element is adapted to function as a trench lid that can cover said upper opening when said tile element is not in use for fixating said water impermeable sheet in said bottom compartment.

[0024] Advantageously, this dual functionality allows the tile element to serve as a protective cover for the trench. This may prevent, for example, accumulation of debris in the trench and it may enhance safety by closing of the trench when the flood protection system is not actively deployed.

[0025] As used herein, a trench lid may be understood as a cover that closes off the upper opening of the trench. By being adapted to function as a trench lid, the tile element may be shaped or configured so that it can be used as both a wedge and a lid; for example, so that it does not fall into the trench when placed to cover the upper opening. For example, the it may rest on, for example, an edge, for example, one or more edges of the trench. According to an embodiment of the invention, a tile length measured between said first tile end and said second tile end is slightly shorter than a trench width of said trench at said upper opening.

[0026] Advantageously, this dimensional relationship between the tile length and the trench width provides several practical and technical benefits. By ensuring that the tile element is slightly shorter than the trench width at the upper opening, the system may allow for easy insertion and removal of the tile element without requiring excessive force. This facilitates rapid deployment and retraction, which is particularly advantageous in emergency flood situations.

[0027] The slight undersizing of the tile length in relation to the trench width also accommodates manufacturing tolerances, and depending on material used it may also accommodate thermal expansion of materials, reducing the risk of jamming or misalignment. It may allow the tile element to rest or fit securely on, for example, support surfaces (e.g., trench edges or support plateaus) while still being removable, for example, by hand or with basic tools. Furthermore, this configuration supports the dual functionality of the tile element as both a sealing wedge and a trench lid, enabling it to be stored in place when not actively used for sealing. In addition, the clearance created by the slightly shorter tile length may, for example, be used to integrate sealing gaskets, locking mechanisms, or drainage features without compromising the fit or function of the tile element.

[0028] As used herein, “slightly shorter” means that the tile length is less than the trench width by a margin sufficient to allow insertion and removal without excessive looseness. This margin may, for example, be in the range of 0.5-5% of the trench width or more or less, depending on the application, material properties, and required performance. As a non-limiting example, a tile length of 99 cm used with a 100 cm trench width may be considered slightly shorter. The term encompasses both fixed and adjustable configurations, including tiles with compressible edges or expandable seals. According to an embodiment of the invention, said tile element comprises a first support projection extending from said first tile end, and a second support projection extending from said second tile end, wherein said first support projection is arranged to rest on a first upper side edge of said trench and said second support projection is arranged to rest on a second upper side edge of said trench when said tile element is functioning as a trench lid covering said upper opening.

[0029] Advantageously, support projections provide stable support for the tile element when used as a lid, preventing it from falling into the trench and ensuring reliable coverage.

[0030] As used herein, support projection may refer to any protruding structure, flange, lip, tab, extension, or overhang that extends from the tile element and is configured to engage with or rest upon a corresponding surface of the trench. The support projection may be integral with the tile element or attached as a separate component, and may be shaped to provide mechanical support, alignment, or sealing. For example, the support projection may be a molded plastic flange, a welded metal tab, a rubberized lip with anti-slip features, or a composite overhang with embedded reinforcement, or it may be made of concrete. The support protection may, for example, be made of the same material as the tile element, or it may be made of a different material.

[0031] As used herein, first tile end and second tile end refer to the opposing longitudinal ends of the tile element, typically defining the boundaries of the tile length. These ends may be flat, angled, rounded, or profiled, and may, for example, include structural or functional features such as projections, recesses, or connectors. For example, the tile ends may be square-cut for a rectangular tile, beveled for a wedge- shaped tile, or contoured to match trench geometry.

[0032] As used herein, first upper side edge and second upper side edge of the trench may refer to the topmost edges or surfaces of the trench, for example, of the trench sidewalls, which define the upper opening of the trench and serve as support surfaces for the tile element when used as a lid. These edges may be horizontal or sloped, and may include structural features such as ledges, plateaus, grooves, or even mounting brackets. For example, the upper side edges may also be flat concrete, metal flanges, or molded plastic lips designed to receive the support projections of the tile element.

[0033] According to an embodiment of the invention, said trench comprises a first support plateau arranged at a first trench sidewall at said upper opening, and a second support plateau arranged at a second trench sidewall at said upper opening.

[0034] Advantageously, support plateaus provide dedicated surfaces for the tile element or lid to rest on, which may improve stability and load distribution. Furthermore, it may ensure that the tile element remains securely in place even under environmental loads such as wind, vibration, or incidental contact. In some embodiments, the plateaus may be sloped or contoured.

[0035] As used herein, support plateau may refer to any ledge, shelf, surface, or structural feature arranged at or near the upper opening of the trench and configured to support the tile element when it is placed over the trench. The support plateau may be horizontal, sloped, stepped, or contoured, and may be formed integrally with the trench or as a separate component. While the support plateau may be simple, it may also include the following non-limiting examples. For example, the support plateau may be a cast-in ledge in a concrete trench, a molded flange in a plastic trench module, or a metal bracket mounted to the trench wall. The plateau may include features such as grooves, ridges, or sealing surfaces to enhance functionality.

[0036] According to an embodiment of the invention, said first support plateau, said second support plateau, and said tile element are arranged so that said first tile side or said second tile side is substantially parallel with a trench plane extending through a first upper side edge and a second upper side edge of said trench when said tile element is functioning as a trench lid covering said upper opening.

[0037] A trench plane is an imaginary flat surface defined by the upper edges of the trench, substantially parallel may be understood to include that the tile side is aligned or nearly aligned with this plane, for example, within a few degrees. According to an embodiment of the invention, said first support plateau, said second support plateau, and said tile element are arranged so that said first tile side or said second tile side is substantially flush with a trench plane extending through a first upper side edge and a second upper side edge of said trench when said tile element is functioning as a trench lid covering said upper opening.

[0038] Advantageously, a flush arrangement may minimize gaps, unevenness, further reducing the risk of tripping and facilitating cleaning and maintenance.

[0039] As used herein, substantially flush means that the surfaces are level or nearly level with each other. For example, the tile lid may sit evenly with the trench edges without protruding or recessing substantially.

[0040] According to an embodiment of the invention, said water impermeable sheet comprises attachment means for connecting an upper part of said water impermeable sheet to said building or structure.

[0041] Advantageously, this may enhance the overall integrity and reliability of the flood protection system by ensuring that the water impermeable sheet is securely anchored to the building or structure it is intended to protect. By providing attachment means at the upper part of the sheet, the system may prevent or reduce the risk of the sheet being displaced or lifted by, for example, hydrostatic pressure, wind, or mechanical disturbance during flooding events. The attachment also may help the barrier remain properly tensioned, which may improve sealing performance and reduces the risk of water ingress. This is may, for example, be particularly beneficial in systems where the sheet spans a vertical or sloped surface, or where the floodwater may exert significant lateral force. Moreover, the attachment means may accommodate various building materials and geometries, allowing the system to be installed on concrete, brick, metal, wood, composite surfaces or other surfaces. It also facilitates modularity and reusability, as the sheet may, for example, be detached and reattached as needed for, for example, maintenance, replacement, or seasonal deployment. In some embodiments of the invention, the attachment means may include quickrelease mechanisms, adjustable tensioning systems, or integrated sealing elements, further enhancing usability and performance.

[0042] As used herein, attachment means may refer to any mechanical, adhesive, magnetic, or structural feature configured to connect, fasten, or secure the water impermeable sheet to a building or structure. This may include, but is not limited to, bolts, screws, clamps, brackets, hooks, Velcro, adhesive strips, magnetic pads, or integrated connectors. For example, the attachment means may be a series of stainless-steel eyelets. The eyelets of the membrane may then be anchored to a facade of a structure or building for example using bolts or hooks anchored into the facade of the structure or building, or for example using a magnetic strip that adheres to a steel facade, or a hook-and-loop system mounted on a wooden frame, to name a few non-limiting examples. The attachment means may be permanent, semi -permanent, or removable, and may include features for alignment, sealing, or load distribution, according to embodiments of the invention.

[0043] According to an embodiment of the invention, said flood protection system further comprises an upper drain arranged above said bottom compartment.

[0044] Advantageously, this may enhance the system’s ability to manage incidental or residual water that may accumulate near the trench opening, including for example drainage of water when the system not in use for flood protection, for example, when the tile element is covering the trench. This feature allows for passive or active drainage of rainwater, splash water, or minor seepage, for example, before it reaches the bottom compartment. The upper drain may also advantageously act as a second security against water ingress by draining water that may have passed through the seal provided by the water impermeable membrane, the trench sides and the tile element, when the system is in use for flood protection. By positioning the drain higher relative to the bottom compartment, it is easier or to drain the water, compared to drains positioned lower in the ground, and when, for example, active draining is implemented, it is less resource heavy to drain the water, for example using a pumping system.

[0045] The upper drain may allow water to be redirected to external drainage infrastructure. In some embodiments, the drain may include grates, filters, or valves to control flow and prevent clogging. Overall, this feature contributes to improved water management, enhanced sealing performance, and greater system resilience under varying environmental conditions.

[0046] As used herein, upper drain refers to any drainage feature, outlet, conduit, or opening arranged above the bottom compartment and configured to remove or redirect water from the trench or surrounding area. The upper drain may be passive (e.g., gravity- fed) or active (e.g., pump-assisted), and may include components such as grates, filters, check valves, or flow regulators. For example, the upper drain may be a slotted opening in the trench wall, a perforated pipe embedded in the trench edge, or a modular drainage unit connected to a stormwater system, to name a few nonlimiting examples.

[0047] As used herein, arranged above may be understood to include that the upper drain is positioned vertically higher than the bottom compartment, either directly above or offset laterally, such that water entering the upper drain does not reach the bottom compartment under normal operating conditions. This may include drains located in the trench sidewalls, in adjacent pavement, or integrated into the tile element itself.

[0048] According to an embodiment of the invention, the trench further comprises a drain plateau arranged above said bottom compartment and wherein said upper drain is arranged in said drain plateau.

[0049] Advantageously, a drain plateau may provide a dedicated area for water collection and drainage, improving system efficiency and reliability.

[0050] As used herein, drain plateau may refer to any surface, ledge, shelf, or structural region within the trench that is arranged above the bottom compartment and configured to support or integrate a drainage feature such as the upper drain. The plateau may be horizontal, sloped, stepped, or contoured, and may be formed integrally with the trench or as a separate insert. For example, the drain plateau may be a molded plastic shelf with a central drain hole, a sloped concrete ledge with embedded piping, or a metal plate with perforations for water flow. The drain plateau may be embedded into the trench, or it may be a structure arranged in the trench or fixed to the trench.

[0051] According to an embodiment of the invention, said flood protection system further comprises a bottom drain arranged at a bottom of said bottom compartment.

[0052] The inclusion of a bottom drain at, for example, lowest point of the bottom compartment enhances the system’s ability to manage residual water and maintain dry conditions within the trench. This feature may allow for the controlled removal of water that may accumulate due to, for example, seepage, condensation, or incomplete drainage from the upper parts of the system. By actively or passively draining water from the bottom compartment, the bottom drain helps preserve the integrity of the water impermeable sheet and the tile element, reducing the risk of microbial growth, corrosion, or material degradation. It may also facilitate inspection and maintenance by allowing the bottom compartment to be emptied without manual intervention. In some embodiments, the bottom drain may be connected to external drainage infrastructure, include a valve or pump mechanism, or be fitted with a filter to prevent clogging. This may make the system more robust and adaptable to varying environmental conditions, including high groundwater levels or prolonged exposure to moisture. Overall, the bottom drain may improve the system’s durability and operational reliability, for example, in long-term or permanent installations.

[0053] As used herein, bottom drain” may refer to any outlet, conduit, valve, or drainage feature arranged at or near the lowest point of the bottom compartment and configured to remove water from the trench. The bottom drain may be passive (e.g., gravity-fed) or active (e.g., pump-assisted), and may include components such as grates, filters, check valves, or sealing caps. For example, the bottom drain may be a perforated pipe embedded in the trench base, a threaded outlet connected to a sump pump, or a slotted opening leading to a gravel bed or drainage channel, to name a few non-limiting examples.

[0054] According to an embodiment of the invention, said upper drain is arranged on an opposite side of said water impermeable sheet with respect to said tile element.

[0055] Advantageously, this position of the upper drain enable the upper drain to drain water that ingress through the sealing made by the water impermeable membrane, the tile element and the sides of the trench. Hence this feature may provide further flood protection. Moreover, this positioning of the upper drain may facilitate that the drain is not quickly filled with water, for example, during a flooding situation.

[0056] As used herein, arranged on an opposite side may refer to the upper drain being positioned such that the water impermeable sheet lies between the upper drain and the tile element. For example, if the upper drain is located on the inner side of the water impermeable membrane (toward the building), the tile element may be located on the outer side (away from the building), with the water impermeable sheet extending between them.

[0057] In a further aspect, the invention relates to a method for protecting a building or a structure from being flooded by means of a flood protection system, wherein said method comprises the steps of

[0058] • arranging a trench along said building or structure, so that said trench comprises an upper opening and a bottom compartment, so that said bottom compartment includes a first upwards extending compartment sidewall and a second upwards extending compartment sidewall angled in relation to each other in a trench angle so that said bottom compartment gradually becomes wider upwards,

[0059] • arranging a water impermeable sheet so that said water impermeable sheet is extending upwards from said bottom compartment, and

[0060] • providing a tile element so that it has a first tile end opposite a second tile end, so that a first tile side is extending opposite a second tile side at least partly between said first tile end and said second tile end, and so that said first tile side and said second tile side are angled in relation to each other in a tile angle being substantially equal to said trench angle, and

[0061] • wedging said tile element into said bottom compartment so that said water impermeable sheet is fixed between said first tile side and / or said second tile side of said tile element and said first upwards extending compartment sidewall and / or said second upwards extending compartment sidewall.

[0062] The method provides a systematic and repeatable approach for installing a flood protection system, ensuring that each step is performed to maximize the effectiveness of the barrier. By specifying the arrangement of the trench with angled sidewalls with respect to one another, the method ensures that the trench is optimally shaped to receive the tile element and the water impermeable sheet, thereby improving the mechanical fixation and sealing properties of the system.

[0063] Providing a tile element with matching angles to the trench sidewalls allows for a tight fit and secure wedging, which is essential for maintaining the integrity of the seal under hydrostatic pressure from floodwater.

[0064] The method is particularly advantageous because it may enable a relatively rapid deployment of the flood protection system. The system may be suitable for both permanent and temporary installations. The flood protection provided by the method is flexible, for example, in the sense that it can be activated relatively quickly for flood protection, which is important for buildings or structures that may only require flood protection during certain seasons or in response to specific weather events. Additionally, the method may allow for the use of standardized equipment, which simplifies logistics, reduces costs, and facilitates maintenance or replacement.

[0065] The method is furthermore simple, which is especially valuable in emergency situations, where time and accuracy are critical. The modular nature of the method means that it can be adapted to different building geometries and site conditions, making it broadly applicable and scalable. Overall, the method enhances the reliability, efficiency, and adaptability of flood protection for buildings and structures, providing a robust solution that can be implemented quickly and effectively.

[0066] As used herein, arranging a trench may refer to forming, positioning, molding, or preparing a cavity or channel, for example, adjacent to a building or structure. The trench may be excavated in soil, cast in concrete, assembled from modular units, or integrated into existing infrastructure. For example, the trench may be a concrete- lined channel along a building facade, a prefabricated plastic or metal trough embedded in pavement, or a steel frame positioned in the ground.

[0067] As used herein, wedging may refer to inserting the tile element into the trench in such a way that it is held in place by friction, geometry, or compression. This may involve pressing, sliding, or locking the tile element into position. For example, wedging may include manually pressing a wedge-shaped tile into a trench, or using a mechanical tool to drive the tile into place.

[0068] According to an embodiment of the invention, said method further comprises forming said tile element so that at least a part of said tile element may fit into said upper opening and so that said tile element may function a trench lid covering said upper opening, and wherein said method further comprises removing said tile element from said upper opening before arranging said water impermeable sheet so that it is extending upwards from said bottom compartment.

[0069] This method allows for flexible use of the tile element, facilitating both protection and installation steps, and ensuring the trench can be covered when not in use.

[0070] Advantageously, this may enhance the versatility of the flood protection system by enabling the tile element to serve a dual function. When not actively used for sealing, the tile element may be positioned in the upper opening of the trench to act as a lid, thereby protecting the trench from, for example, debris and physical damage. This lid function also improves safety by preventing accidental contact, for example, by humans or animals, with the trench opening and ensures that the tile element is stored in place, ready for rapid deployment. The step of removing the tile element before installing the water impermeable sheet may ensure that the sealing interface is unobstructed and that the sheet can be properly positioned and fixed. This supports efficient installation and minimizes the risk of misalignment or damage to the sealing components. Overall, this feature may contribute to a more practical, maintainable, and adaptable flood protection system.

[0071] As used herein, the term forming may in a broad sense refer to producing, manufacturing or in other way shaping the tile element to fit the trench opening, for example, cutting to size.

[0072] As used herein, the term removing may refer to taking the tile element out of the trench lid position before installing the sheet.

[0073] According to an embodiment of the invention, said method further comprises connecting an upper part of said water impermeable sheet to said building or structure.

[0074] Advantageously, this may improve the overall sealing performance and mechanical stability of the flood protection system by ensuring that the water impermeable sheet may be anchored to the building or structure at its upper end. By connecting the upper part of the sheet, the system may prevent the sheet from being displaced or lifted during flooding, wind, or other environmental forces. This connection may also ensure that the sheet remains somewhat tensioned and aligned. Furthermore, anchoring the sheet to the building may allow the system to form a continuous barrier from the ground level up to the protected surface, reducing the risk of water ingress. The connection may also facilitate modular installation, allowing the sheet to be detached and reattached for maintenance or seasonal use.

[0075] As used herein, connecting may refer to any mechanical, adhesive, magnetic, or structural means of securing the water impermeable sheet to the building or structure. This may include bolts, screws, clamps, brackets, adhesive strips, hook-and-loop fasteners, or integrated mounting rails, to name a few non-limiting examples. For example, the sheet may be bolted to a wooden wall, or be bolted to a concrete wall using reinforced grommets, adhered to a metal facade with industrial tape, or clipped into a mounting channel fixed to a brick surface.

[0076] As used herein, upper part of the water impermeable sheet may refer to the portion of the sheet that is away from the trench or bottom compartment when installed. This may include an upper half of the sheet, a part of the sheet that is above ground level or above the trench, the top edge of the sheet, a reinforced band of the sheet for example near the top edge, or a designated attachment zone. For example, the upper part may be the top 10 cm to 20 cm of the sheet, such as the top 20 cm to 30 cm of the sheet, such as the top 30 cm to 40 cm of the sheet, such as the top 70 cm of the sheet, such as the top 1 m or more of the sheet. The top part of the sheet may for example include vertical rubber membrane, a laminated strip with embedded fasteners, or a folded edge designed to interface with a mounting system, to name a few non-limiting examples. As discussed elsewhere, the water impermeable sheet (sometimes referred to as sheet), may be made of various materials, including composite materials.

[0077] As used herein, building or structure may refer broadly to any constructed entity intended to be protected from flooding. This includes residential, for example, commercial, industrial, agricultural, or infrastructural installations. For example, the building or structure may be a house, warehouse, retaining wall, bridge abutment, or utility enclosure, or a transformers station, etc.

[0078] According to an embodiment of the invention, said flood protection system is a flood protection system according to embodiments of the invention.

[0079] Figures

[0080] In the following, the invention will be described with reference to the figures in which: fig. 1 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a flood protection system according to an embodiment of the invention, fig. 2 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a flood protection system with a tile element arranged as a lid, according to an embodiment of the invention, fig. 3 illustrates a three-dimensional projection of a trench according to an embodiment of the invention, fig. 4 illustrates a side view of the trench, according to an embodiment of the invention, fig. 5 illustrates a three-dimensional projection of a tile element according to an embodiment of the invention, fig. 6 illustrates a side view of a tile element with support projections according to an embodiment of the invention, fig. 7 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a flood protection system with a tile element comprising support projections according to an embodiment of the invention, fig. 8 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a flood protection system with a tile element with support projections used as a lid according to an embodiment of the invention. Detailed description

[0081] Fig. 1 illustrates a flood protection system 1 according to an embodiment of the invention. The system is installed adjacent to a structure 2, which in this embodiment is a brick wall of a building.

[0082] The flood protection system 1 comprises trench 3 having a bottom compartment 5 defined by a first upwards extending compartment sidewall 6, a second upwards extending compartment sidewall 7 and an upper opening 4. The system further comprises a water impermeable sheet 8, a tile element 9 having a first tile end 10, a second tile end 11, a first tile side 12 and second tile side 13. Further included in the system is a first support plateau 14, a second support plateau 15, a first trench sidewall 16, a second trench sidewall 17, a first upper side edge 18 of the trench 3, a second upper side edge 19 of the trench, an upper drain 20, a bottom drain 21, a drain plateau 22. The system further includes attachment means (not illustrated) for connecting the water impermeable sheet 8 to the structure 2.

[0083] The trench 3 is arranged in the ground adjacent to the structure 2. In this embodiment, the trench 3 is made of stainless steel and comprises an upper opening 4 and a bottom compartment 5. The bottom compartment 5 is defined by a first upwards extending compartment sidewall 6 and a second upwards extending compartment sidewall 7, which are angled relative to each other in a trench angle TRA so that the bottom compartment 5 gradually becomes wider upwards toward the upper opening 4 of the trench 3. In this embodiment, the trench angle TRA is 5.7 degrees.

[0084] The trench 3 further comprises a first support plateau 14 arranged above the bottom compartment 5 and wherein a first trench sidewall 16 defines the lateral border of the first support plateau 14. Similarly, the second support plateau 15 of the trench is arranged so that a second trench sidewall 17 of the trench defines a lateral border of the second support plateau 15. The trench sidewalls 16, 17 terminate at a first upper side edge 18 and a second upper side edge 19, which define the trench width TRW of the upper opening 4. In the illustrated embodiment, the trench width TRW is 15.5 cm, and the total trench height TRH including the bottom compartment, the plateaus and the trench sides is 27.5 cm. The length of the bottom end 24 of the trench 3 is 2.5 cm, and the trench length (not illustrated) is 24.5 cm. The trench is arranged at a distance to the structure 2 of 16 cm in this embodiment, but the trench may be placed closer to or further away from the building or structure depending on the implementation of the invention.

[0085] The tile element 9, made of concrete, is provided, having a tile length TIL of 15 cm, with a first tile end 10 of 3 cm length and a second tile end 11 of 6 cm length. The tile element 9 further comprises a first tile side 12 extending opposite a second tile side 13, between the first tile end 10 and the second tile end 11. The first tile side 12 and the second tile side 13 are angled relative to each other in a tile angle TIA that is substantially equal to the trench angle TRA. As illustrated, this allows the concrete tile element 9 to be wedged securely into the bottom compartment 5 to hold in place, the water impermeable membrane 8, which is arranged in-between the tile element 9 and the second upward extending sidewall 7. This arrangement of the tile element 9 into the trench with the water impermeable membrane arranged in-between provides a robust sealing against water ingress. For example, because the interface between the tile element, the lower part or portion of the water impermeable membrane and the second upward extending sidewall spans a relatively large area.

[0086] The water impermeable sheet 8, made of heavy duty PVC, extends upwards from the bottom compartment 5 over the upper drain beyond the second trench sidewall 17 and upwards covering the facade of the structure 2, and thereby providing a robust barrier against water ingress. The upper part of the water impermeable sheet 8 is attached to the structure 2 using attachment means (not illustrated). Specifically, a series of stainless-steel eyelets are provided along the upper edge of the sheet 8 (not illustrated), and these eyelets are anchored to hooks (not illustrated) that are fixed into the facade of the building (structure 2). This arrangement ensures that the sheet 8 remains securely fixed to the building during use. In this example, the tile angel TIA and the trench angle TRA are both substantially 5.7 degrees. By implementing the invention with a tile angle and trench angle that is not to large, the tile and the trench can be made relatively thin, whereas larger angles require a trench with a larger width. The tile angle and the trench angle may be more or less than the 5.7 degrees implemented in the illustrated embodiment of the invention, depending on the implementation of the invention. For example, the tile angle may be between 1 degree and 89 degrees, such as between 70 degrees a and 1 degree, such as between 60 degrees and 1 degrees, such as between 50 degrees and 1 degree, such as between 40 degrees and 1 degree, such as between 30 degrees and 1 degree, such as between 20 degrees and 1 degree, such as between 15 degree and 1 degree, such as between 15 degrees and 2 degrees, such as between 3 degrees and 15 degrees such as between 5 degrees and 15 degrees.

[0087] The trench angle preferably corresponds to the tile angle. However, smaller variations between the two angles may occur in some embodiments of the invention. Depending on the implementation of the invention the trench angle may be between 1 degree and 89 degrees, such as between 70 degrees a and 1 degree, such as between 60 degrees and 1 degrees, such as between 50 degrees and 1 degree, such as between 40 degrees and 1 degree, such as between 30 degrees and 1 degree, such as between 20 degrees and 1 degree, such as between 15 degree and 1 degree, such as between 15 degrees and 2 degrees, such as between 3 degrees and 15 degrees such as between 5 degrees and 15 degrees.

[0088] The flood protection system comprises further arrangements, including the upper drain 20, which is arranged above the bottom compartment 5 to allow for drainage of water that may leak over the water impermeable membrane. An additional bottom drain 21 is provided at the bottom end 24 of the bottom compartment 5 for removal of any water that may accumulate in the lowest part of the trench 3. The bottom drain 21 may, for example, provide a protection against rising ground water and may optionally be connected to a pump to actively remove water from the trench. The drains are drainage channels made of plastic materials. However, both drains may be made of different materials and they may not necessarily be made of the same material. For example, the lower drain may be made of stainless steel, while the upper drain may be made of plastic material. In this embodiment, both drains are connected to a pump that actively may remove water collected in the drainage channels. As described elsewhere in this disclosure, other types of drains may also be implemented according to embodiments of the invention.

[0089] Notice, that all components are arranged and dimensioned to ensure that when the concrete tile element 9 is wedged into the bottom compartment 5, the heavy duty PVC water impermeable sheet 8 is fixed securely between the tile element 9 and at least one of the upwards extending compartment sidewalls 6, 7, thereby providing an effective barrier against flooding. In the illustrated embodiment of the invention, the flood protection system is in an activated state wherein the tile element is arranged to fixate the water impermeable sheet, as described above, so that it provides flood protection. In situations where flood protection is not required, the tile element may be arranged to cover the upper opening 4 as a lid, as described in relation to, for example, fig. 2.

[0090] The embodiment illustrated in fig. 1 includes several features that may be regarded as optional, in the sense that the features are not required to achieve the technical advantages of the flood protection system according to claim 1. These include the first support plateau 14 and second support plateau 15 and the associated trench sidewalls 16 and 17, which provide additional support for the tile element 9 when used as a trench lid. Further optional features include the upper drain 20, which allows for drainage of water, and the bottom drain 21, which facilitates drainage from the lowest part of the trench. While the inclusion of these features may provide further protection against leakage of water, and enhance the functionality, maintainability, of the flood protection system, they are not a necessity for achieving the core inventive concept as defined by the scope of the independent claims. The trench 3 is made of metal, in particular stainless steel, in the illustrated embodiment, however, it may optionally be made of other materials depending on the implementation of the invention. For example, the trench may be formed from different types of plastic, glass fiber, or composite materials, to mention a few nonlimiting examples. Alternatively, the trench may be made of concrete, and it may be formed directly on site or be prefabricated and transported to the site, where it is installed in the ground. The trench may also be coated with a water repellent coating. For example, this may be relevant for trenches made of concrete, to minimize the water permeability of the concrete trench.

[0091] The tile element 9, while made of concrete in the illustrated embodiment, may also be made of other materials depending on the implementation of the invention. For example, the tile element may be made of plastic, steel, aluminum, composite materials, wood, or other suitable materials.

[0092] The water impermeable sheet 8, while made of heavy-duty PVC in the illustrated embodiment, may also be made of other materials that provide good waterproofing and durability. For example, the membrane may be made of rubber, thermoplastic elastomers, coated textiles, or composite laminates, depending on the implementation of the invention including, for example, the requirements for flexibility, chemical resistance, and mechanical strength.

[0093] In an optional embodiment, posts or other similar structures may be positioned in the ground in front of the structure or building to be protected by the system. The water impermeable membrane may then optionally be fixated to attachment means on the posts instead of directly onto the building or structure. This may be advantageous for buildings or structures to which it is difficult to attach a water impermeable membrane, for example, including buildings with a very large window facade or cellar shafts.

[0094] Additionally, the embodied attachment means for the water impermeable sheet 8, namely, stainless-steel eyelets anchored to hooks in the building facade, represent just one possible solution. Other optional attachment means for connecting the upper part of the water impermeable sheet 8 to the building or structure may, for example, include bolts, screws, clamps, adhesive strips, magnetic fasteners, or mounting rails, to name a few non-liming examples. For example, the upper part of the sheet 8 could be secured using a continuous mounting rail fixed to the wall, a series of clamps or brackets, or an adhesive or hook-and-loop system. The choice of attachment means may be adapted to the specific building material, environmental conditions, or installation requirements.

[0095] Moreover, the dimensions mentioned for the tile element and for the trench may be different to those mentioned, depending on the implementation of the invention. For example, the tile length may be longer or shorter, the length of the two tile ends may be different. For example, one tile end or both may be longer or shorter, as long as the tile angel is substantially equal to the trench angle. Therefore, the dimensions of the trench, and in particular of the bottom compartment and its upper extending walls should be altered according to changes in the dimensions of the tile element. For example, using a larger tile element may be beneficial because it may increase the force acting to hold the water impermeable sheet in place. On the other hand, a smaller tile element may be beneficial because it is easier to handle. Thus, the dimensions may be varied depending on the implementation of the invention.

[0096] Fig. 2 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a flood protection system, and in a configuration wherein a tile element is utilized as a lid covering the upper opening of the trench, according to an embodiment of the invention. The illustrated flood protection system may be considered an embodiment of the flood protection system illustrated in fig. 1, but wherein the system is in a configuration wherein the system is not in use for flood protection purposes. As such, the flood protection system illustrated in fig. 2 may be considered a version of the system illustrated in fig. 1, except for the position of the tile element 9 and of the water impermeable sheet (not illustrated).

[0097] In fig. 2, the tile element 9 is positioned as a lid that covers the upper opening 4 of the trench 3. This is achieved by arranging the tile element so that it rests on the first support plateau 14 and the second support plateau 15. Notice that the tile length TIL of 15 cm is slightly shorter than the trench with TRW, allowing the tile element 9 to fit into the upper opening 4. Additionally, the first trench side wall 16 substantially corresponds to the length of the first tile end 10, while the length of the second trench sidewall 17 substantially corresponds to the length of the second tile end 11. Additionally, the second support plateau 15 is arranged slightly lower or closer toward the bottom compartment 5 than the first support plateau 14. This arrangement accommodates that the tile sides 13,15 of the tile element 9 are angled with respect to one another, and hence, this arrangement enables the tile element 9 to lie flush with a plane crossing both the first upper side edge 18 and the second upper side edge 19 of the trench 3. The tile element 9 thereby functions as a lid, which covers the trench 3 and thereby prevent people or animals to fall over or into the trench, and furthermore, minimize garbage, leaves or other materials from accumulating in the trench. Because the tile element lies flush with the plane crossing the upper edges 18, 19, people may avoid tripping over an edge of the tile element protruding above the ground and the upper edges of the trench.

[0098] Optionally, the water impermeable membrane can be stored in the trench, when the membrane is not in use for flood protection. Advantageously, by utilizing the tile element as a lid to cover the trench, the water impermeable membrane may be protected against wear and tear when stored in the trench.

[0099] Fig. 3 illustrates a three-dimensional projection of a trench 3 according to the invention while fig. 4 illustrates a side view of the same trench 3. The illustrated trench 3, is an example of a trench which may be utilized with the flood protection system according to embodiments of the invention. Thus, the trench may be implemented with different types of water impermeable membranes and with different tile elements made of different materials. The trench 3 may for example, be implemented with the flood protection system illustrated in fig. 1 and 2. The trench 3 illustrated in fig. 3 and fig. 4 comprises a first trench sidewall 16 with heigh FTSH, a second trench sidewall 17 with height STSH, and a third trench sidewall 25 with height TSWH, which together define the lateral boundaries of the trench above the lower compartment or section of the trench 3. The trench further includes a first upwards extending compartment sidewall 6 with height FUSH and a second upwards extending compartment sidewall 7 with height SUSH, which form the angled lower section of the trench 3 and thereby define the bottom compartment 5. At the top of the trench 3, a first upper plateau 14 with width FUPW and a second upper plateau 15 with width SUPW are provided, adjacent to the upper opening 4. The trench 3 also features a drain plateau 22 with width UDPW, which is suitable for holding an upper drain (not illustrated). The third trench sidewall 25 with height TSWH provides a lateral border to the drain plateau 22, ensuring containment and support for the upper drain. The sides of the lower compartment 5 of the trench 3 is angled in a trench angle TRA, and the width of the trench is defined by the trench width TRW, the total height of the trench is defined by the trench height TRH, and the length of the trench is defined as the trench length TRL.

[0100] The trench 3 may have different dimensions, depending on the implementation of the invention. The illustrated trench 3 has a trench width TRW of 155 mm, a trench height TRH of 223 mm, and a trench length TRL of 2450 mm. The trench angle TRA is 10 degrees. A suitable tile element should thus have a similar tile angle of substantially 10 degrees. The first trench sidewall height FTSH is 50 mm., while the second trench sidewall height STSH is 30 mm. Thus in order for a tile element to lie flush when the tile element is used as a lid covering the illustrated trench, the tile element should have a tile height at one tile end of approximately 50 mm. and a tile height at the other tile end of 30 mm. The first upwards extending compartment sidewall height FUSH is 173 mm, the third trench sidewall height TSWH is 50 mm, the second upwards extending compartment sidewall height SUSH is 143 mm, the first upper plateau width FUPW is 27 mm, the second upper plateau width SUPW is 25 mm, and the upper drain plateau width UDPW is 50 mm. The illustrated trench 3 is an exemplified embodiment of a trench, and it should be understood that the mentioned dimensions is merely one example and that the dimensions may be varied, depending on the implementation of the invention.

[0101] The trench length TRL may be longer or shorter depending on the implementation of the invention, for example depending on the structure or building that needs to be protected against flooding. Moreover, multiple trenches 3 may be arranged next to each other to elongate the flood protection system and thereby provide flood protection for larger structures or buildings. In some optional embodiments, curved or otherwise arched or angled trenches 3 may be utilized, optionally together with correspondingly curved or arched or angled tile elements, to enable the barrier provided by the flood protection system to be angled or curved to follow the contours of the structures or buildings that the system is implemented to protect. For example, a curved trench and curved tile element may advantageously be used to provide flood protection along a rounded facade or around a corner of a building.

[0102] One or more tile elements (not illustrated) may be utilized along the trench length TRL. The tile width of suitable tile elements may vary. For example, the tile width may be between 50 mm and 1000 mm, such as between 50 mm and 800 mm, between 50 mm and 500 mm, between 50 mm and 400 mm, between 50 mm and 300 mm, or between 70 mm and 300 mm, or the tile width may be larger or smaller. Smaller tile elements may be easier to move, whereas when using wider tiles, fewer tile elements may need to be moved to either activate the flood protection system or when moving the tile elements from a substantially vertical position (when in use for flood protection) to a more lateral position when one or more tile elements are used, for example, as a lid to cover the trench. Moreover, tile elements of different widths may be utilized together with the system.

[0103] Optionally, tile elements may be provided with interlocking features, such as complementary grooves, tongues, notches, or protrusions, which allow adjacent tile elements to engage with each other along their sides or ends. This interlocking arrangement can improve the mechanical stability and sealing of the flood protection barrier, prevent displacement of individual tiles under load, and facilitate alignment during installation. For example, a tile element may have a tongue along one side and a groove along the opposite side, so that adjacent tiles can be slid together to form a continuous, stable barrier.

[0104] The illustrated trench 3 is made of metal. However, trench 3 may also be made of other suitable materials, such as polyethylene, polypropylene, or polyvinyl chloride (PVC) as examples of plastic materials; steel, galvanized steel, aluminum, or stainless steel as non-limiting examples of metal materials; or composite materials such as glass fiber-reinforced polymer, carbon fiber composites, or hybrid composites. The trench 3 may have different dimensions and may be larger or smaller depending on the implementation of the invention and the requirements of the site to be protected.

[0105] Fig. 4 illustrates a side view of the trench 3 according to an embodiment of the invention corresponding to the trench illustrated in Fig. 3. The side view shows the relative heights and widths of the trench elements, including the trench width TRW of 155 mm, trench height TRH of 223 mm, and trench length TRL of 2450 mm. The trench angle TRA is 10 degrees. The first trench sidewall height FTSH is 50 mm, the first upwards extending compartment sidewall height FUSH is 173 mm, the second trench sidewall height STSH is 30 mm, the third trench sidewall height TSWH is 50 mm, and the second upwards extending compartment sidewall height SUSH is 143 mm. The first upper plateau width FUPW is 27 mm, the second upper plateau width SUPW is 25 mm, and the upper drain plateau width UDPW is 50 mm.

[0106] Optionally, multiple trenches 3 may be used to elongate the flood protection system and thereby provide protection for larger buildings or structures. The trenches may be arranged end-to-end in a linear configuration, or positioned adjacent to each other in an angled arrangement to follow the contours of the structure or building that needs to be protected against flooding. Also trenches with a curved shape may be utilized as described above in relation to fig. 3. The connection between trenches may optionally be achieved by aligning the upper openings and bottom compartments of adjacent trenches, so that tile elements and water impermeable sheets and optionally one or more upper drain and optionally one or more bottom drain can be installed continuously across the entire length of the barrier. Optionally, interlocking features on the trenches, such as grooves, tongues, or notches, may further facilitate the connection and sealing between adjacent trenches, ensuring that the flood protection system forms a stable and watertight barrier. Optionally, the interlocking features may be implemented on the tiles. This modular approach allows the system to be adapted to different site requirements and enables flexible extension or reconfiguration as needed.

[0107] Fig. 5 illustrates a three-dimensional projection of a tile element according to an embodiment of the invention. The tile element may be used in a flood protection system according to the invention and, for example, with a trench such as the trench illustrated in fig. 3 and 4. The dashed lines in fig. 5 illustrate edges of the first tile side 12, which would otherwise not be visible due to the orientation of the image wherein the second tile side 13 obstructs the view of the first tile side.

[0108] The tile element 9 comprises a first tile end 10, a second tile end 11, a third tile end 26, and a fourth tile end 27. The tile element 9 further includes a first tile side 12 and a second tile side 13, which are angled relative to each other in a tile angle TIA of approximately 10 degrees. The upper tile height UTH is 50 mm, the lower tile height LTH is 25 mm, the tile length TIL is 150 mm, and the tile width TIW is 400 mm.

[0109] The tile element 9 is designed to be used in a trench of the flood protection system of the invention, for example, the trench illustrated in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4. The tile angle TIA of 10 degrees makes the tile element particularly suitable for use with trenches having a trench angle TRA of substantially 10 degrees, ensuring a close fit and effective sealing when the tile is wedged into the bottom compartment of the trench to fixate a water impermeable membrane. In use for flood protection, the tile element 9 is arranged substantially vertically in the trench 3, with the first tile side 12 and the second tile side 13 engaging the corresponding upwards extending compartment sidewalls of the trench. Either or both of the first and second tile sides 12, 13 may further engage with the water impermeable membrane, depending on the implementation. For example, the water impermeable membrane may be positioned in-between both sides 12, 13 when the tile element is wedged into the trench. The vertical arrangement of the tile element allows the tile element 9 to compress and fix a water impermeable sheet 8 (not shown in this figure) between the tile and the trench sidewalls, utilizing the force of gravity, and thereby forming a barrier against water ingress.

[0110] The tile element 9 may be made of a variety of suitable materials, including but not limited to concrete, steel, aluminium, composite materials, wood or plastic materials, such as, for example, polyethylene, polypropylene, PVC, rubber, silicone or other elastic material. The choice of material may depend on the required strength, weight, durability, and environmental conditions.

[0111] Optionally, multiple tile elements 9 may be positioned next to each other along a trench, and across multiple trenches if needed, to elongate the flood protection system and provide a continuous barrier. Tile elements may optionally be provided with interlocking features, such as grooves or protrusions, to enhance stability and sealing between adjacent tiles. Tile elements with different dimensions may also be used. For example, larger tile elements may be advantageous for rapid deployment and minimizing the number of joints between tiles in large systems, while smaller tile elements may be easier to handle and install, which may, for example, be advantageous where frequent removal is required. In the illustrated embodiment, the tile width is 400 mm., however, tile elements with a larger or smaller tile width may be utilized depending on the implementation of the invention. For example, tile elements may have widths ranging from 50 mm to 2000 mm, such as between 100 mm and 1500 mm, such as between 200 mm and 1000 mm, such as between 200 mm and 800 mm, such as between 200 mm and 700 mm, such as between 200 mm and 600 mm, or larger or smaller, as needed for the specific application. As the weight increases with the width of the tile element, tile elements a large tile width may advantageously be made of lighter materials. This may include, for example, composite materials, aluminum or plastic materials. Fig. 6 illustrates a side view of a tile element 9 according to an embodiment of the invention for use in a flood protection system according to the invention. The tile element 9 comprises a first tile end 10 and a second tile end 11, a third tile end 26 and a fourth tile end 27, a first tile side 12, a second tile side 13, a lower surface 26, and support projections including a first support projection 28 provided at the first tile end 10, and a second support projection 29 provided at the second tile end 11.

[0112] The support projections 28, 29 are designed to serve as support when the tile element is used as a lid to cover a trench according to the invention. Optionally, the support projections may be utilized as an interlocking feature to interlock the tile element in place next to another tile element.

[0113] When tile element 9 is arranged in a trench 3, the support projections 28, 29 may rest on or engage with corresponding support plateaus or upper edges of the trench, thereby supporting the tile element, when the tile element is used as a lid. The tile element may also be utilized in a substantially vertical position when in use for flood protection. Due to the support projection, the trench should be deep enough to enable the support projection to fit into the bottom compartment of the trench without compromising the fixation of the water impermeable membrane.

[0114] When the tile is used as a lid, the support projections may also help align the tile element within the trench and prevent it from being displaced by water pressure, by people or animals walking on the tile element or by other forces. Furthermore, the support projections may optionally be configured to interlock with adjacent tile elements, thereby improving the mechanical stability and make a more tight closing off of the trench when multiple tile elements are positioned next to each other along the trench or across multiple trenches.

[0115] The support projections 28, 29 may be formed as an integral, embedded part of the tile element 9, for example by molding, casting, or machining the tile and support projections as a single piece. For example, the tile may be a concrete tile molded with support projections. Alternatively, the support projections may be fixated to the tile element using fixation means, such as bolts, screws, rivets, adhesives, or welding, depending on the materials used and the desired strength of the connection. For example, a metal or plastic support projection may be molded into the tile or be bolted or screwed onto a concrete or composite tile element, or an adhesive may be used to bond a support projection to a plastic tile.

[0116] The support projections may have different shapes, depending on the implementation of the invention. For example, the support projections may be made thicker when using a less strong material, such as for example a plastic, or the support projections may be whinner when using a stronger material such as, for example, different types of metal.

[0117] The use of support projections provides several advantages. They facilitate correct positioning and support of the tile element in the trench, enhance the ease of installation and removal, and improve the overall robustness and reliability of the flood protection system by helping to maintain the intended orientation and engagement of the tile elements during use.

[0118] Optionally, the support projections may be formed as handles. This may improve handling of the tile element, for example, when moving the tile element into the trench for flood protection or when moving the trench from the tile and into the position where it functions as a lid to cover the trench.

[0119] Fig. 7 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a flood protection system with a tile element comprising support projections, according to an embodiment of the invention. The embodiment exemplifies use of a tile element such as the tile element illustrated in, e.g. fig. 6. The tile element 9 is shown positioned substantially vertically within the trench 3. Notably, the tile element 9 is provided with a first support projection 28 at the lower end and a second support projection 29 at the upper end. The trench 3 is dimensioned such that it is sufficiently deep to accommodate the second support projection 29 within the bottom compartment 5 of the trench, allowing the tile element 9 to be securely seated. The trench 3 does not comprise any of the upper drain or lower drain and neither include a upper drain plateau. Nevertheless, either of these elements may optionally be added to the illustrated embodiment. Hence, a tile element with support projections may be utilized with other types of trenches, including trenches including such additional features.

[0120] The simple trench 3 illustrated in fig. 7 is not limited to use with tile elements comprising support projections but may optionally be used with other types of tile elements, including tile elements illustrated in, for example, fig. 1 and fig. 5.

[0121] Fig. 8 illustrates the same embodiment as fig. 7, but in fig. 8 the tile element 9 is used as a lid to cover the trench 3 and the water impermeable membrane is not illustrated. In this configuration, the first support projection 28 and the second support projection 29 on the tile element 9 rest on the first upper side edge 18 and the second upper side edge 19 of the trench, respectively. This arrangement allows tile element 9 to function as a stable and secure cover for the trench, preventing debris or unwanted materials from entering the trench when the flood protection system is not in active use. The support projections 28, 29 provide reliable support and alignment for the tile element in the lid position, ensuring that the tile remains properly seated.

[0122] Optionally, the trench and tile element 9 may be configured, e.g. dimensioned, such that the tile also rests on the first support plateau 14 and the second support plateau 15 in addition to resting on the upper edges 18, 19, to provide additional stability.

[0123] Optionally, the support projections on the tile element may be configured as handles to facilitate easy handling of the tile element. This dual functionality of the support projections may enhance both the usability, the stability and hence the protective capabilities of the flood protection system.

[0124] The invention has been exemplified above with reference to specific examples of trenches 3, tile elements 9, water impermeable membranes 8, drains and others. However, the invention is not limited to the particular examples described above but may be designed and altered in a multitude of varieties within the scope of the invention as specified in the claims. Without references to any particular figures; in the description of the invention, the orientation of some elements or components, for example, the trench and the tile element, have been described. In this regard, the term vertical or vertically arranged may refer to a direction or orientation that wherein the dominating directional component follows the direction of gravity, for example, the direction may be substantially aligned with gravity, typically extending upwards or downwards relative to the ground. The term horizontal may refer to a direction or orientation which dominating directional component is in a direction that is substantially perpendicular to the vertical direction. For example, a horizontal direction may be substantially perpendicular to the vertical direction, or generally parallel to the ground surface. The term lateral may refer to a direction or orientation that extends sideways, typically along the width of a component or structure, such as along the width of a trench. The terms upwards and downwards may refer to directions relative to the ground, where upwards means away from the ground and downwards means towards the ground. When a component is arranged below the ground surface, upwards means at least a direction pointing substantially towards the sky, while downwards means a direction pointing substantially further into the ground

[0125] Without reference to any particular drawings, the water impermeable membrane may be fixated in one trench by securing one end of the membrane between a tile element and at least one upper extending compartment sidewall of the trench. The membrane may then be arranged to extend over or across a structure or building, such that its opposite end is fixed in another trench, again between a tile element and at least one of the upwards extending compartment sidewalls defining the bottom compartment of the trench. This arrangement allows the membrane to form a continuous barrier that spans the structure or building, providing effective flood protection from both sides. A further advantage is that the water impermeable membrane does not necessarily need to be fixated to the building or structure.

[0126] Additionally, sealing gaskets or flexible seals may be implemented with embodiments of the invention. Hence, the flood protection system may include compressible gaskets or flexible sealing strips or similar positioned between the tile element and the trench sidewalls. Advantageously, this may further enhance water tightness, especially in cases of uneven surfaces or minor manufacturing tolerances.

[0127] According to an embodiment of the invention, the tile elements may optionally be provided with integrated locking or latching mechanisms. Advantageously, this may prevent unauthorized removal of the tiles or secure the tiles more firmly in place during high water pressure events.

[0128] According to an embodiment of the invention, the system may incorporate water level sensors, pressure sensors, or leak detection sensors. These may, for example, be arranged within the trench or in or at tile elements, to provide real-time monitoring and early warning of potential failures or rising water levels.

[0129] According to an embodiment of the invention, modular end caps, corner units or angled units may be incorporated into the flood protection system according to embodiments of the invention. For example, special end cap or corner trench modules could be provided to allow the flood protection system to terminate neatly or to follow complex building geometries, such as around corners or at the ends of a wall. The end caps may advantageously close off the ends of the trench to avoid ingress of water into the trench.

[0130] In a further optional embodiment of the invention, the end of a trench, one end or both ends, may be closed off to prevent water ingress into the trench from the sides. This can be achieved in several ways. For example, the trench may be manufactured with an integral closed end, forming a solid barrier at the terminal end of the trench. Alternatively, a separate end cap may be configured to close off the open end of the trench, where the end cap is attached to the trench during installation. The end cap may be secured using mechanical fasteners, adhesives, gaskets, or interlocking features designed to provide a watertight seal.

[0131] Optionally, the flood protection systems may comprise multiple trenches arranged end-to-end or for example comprising slight overlap between adjacent trenches depending on the implementation. In such embodiments of the invention, the system may include terminal ends wherein an end cap closes of the terminal trench or wherein the terminal trench is designed with to be closed at one end and connected to a trench at the other. Hence, the system may comprise a special trench module with a closed end, or the closing off may be achieved by attaching a dedicated end cap to the last trench in the series. The series of joint or connected treches may be closed off in both ends of the series of trenches. Alternatively, and further optionally, trenches may be arranged to form a circular system wherein the trenches are joint or connected to form a closed circular trench arrangement. Optionally, the trench arrangement may form other shapes than a circular shape, depending on the implementation of the invention. The trench arrangement may, for example, be arranged around a building or a structure to provide flood protection. Other examples of end closures include the use of sealing plates, expandable plugs, or flexible membranes that are fixed in place to block the open end of the trench. These various solutions may ensure that the flood protection barrier remains continuous and watertight along its entire length, and that water cannot bypass the system by entering through the open ends of the trenches.

[0132] With respect to the tile element; the tile element should be designed with a tile angle that substantially matches the trench angle. However, the tile element may be made in different shapes, including, for example, non-rectangular or irregular geometries. Furthermore, the tile element may also be hollow and include recesses, for example on one side, for example, a side not in contact with the water impermeable sheet when the sheet is fixated between the tile element and the upper extending compartment side walls of the trench. This flexibility in shape and construction allows the tile element to be adapted for various functional or weight-saving purposes, provided that the essential fit and sealing with the trench is maintained.

[0133] With respect to the upper extending compartment side walls, one wall may be vertically arranged, whereas the other wall may be angled with respect to the vertical direction or both walls may be angled, however, a trench may be configured with any of these two sidewall arranged as the wall closest to the structure or building that the flood protection system is configured to protect against flooding. Figure references

[0134] 1. Flood protection system

[0135] 2. Structure

[0136] 3. Trench

[0137] 4. Upper opening

[0138] 5. Bottom compartment

[0139] 6. First upwards extending compartment sidewall

[0140] 7. Second upwards extending compartment sidewall

[0141] 8. Water impermeable sheet

[0142] 9. Tile element

[0143] 10. First tile end

[0144] 11. Second tile end

[0145] 12. First tile side

[0146] 13. Second tile side

[0147] 14. First support plateau

[0148] 15. Second support plateau

[0149] 16. First trench sidewall

[0150] 17. Second trench sidewall

[0151] 18. First upper side edge

[0152] 19. Second upper side edge

[0153] 20. Upper drain

[0154] 21. Bottom drain

[0155] 22. Drain plateau

[0156] 23. Trench lid 24. Bottom end

[0157] 25. Third trench sidewall

[0158] 26. Third tile end

[0159] 27. Fourth tile end

[0160] 28. First support projection

[0161] 29. Second support projection

[0162] FTSH First trench sidewall height

[0163] FUPW First upper plateau width

[0164] FUSH First upwards extending compartment sidewall height

[0165] LTH Lower tile height

[0166] STSH Second trench sidewall heigh

[0167] SUPW Second upper plateau width

[0168] SUSH Second upwards extending sidewall height

[0169] TIA Tile angle

[0170] TIL Tile length

[0171] TIW Tile width

[0172] TRA Trench angle

[0173] TRH Trench height

[0174] TRL Trench length

[0175] TRW Trench width

[0176] TSWH Third trench sidewall height

[0177] UDPW Upper drain plateau width

[0178] UTH Upper tile height

Claims

Claims1. A flood protection system (1) for protecting a building (2) or a structure from being flooded, wherein said flood protection system (1) comprises, a trench (3) comprising an upper opening (4) and a bottom compartment (5), wherein said bottom compartment (5) includes a first upwards extending compartment sidewall (6) and a second upwards extending compartment sidewall (7) angled in relation to each other in a trench angle (TRA) so that said bottom compartment (5) gradually becomes wider upwards, a water impermeable sheet (8) extending upwards from said bottom compartment (5), and a tile element (9) having a first tile end (10) opposite a second tile end (11), wherein a first tile side (12) is extending opposite a second tile side (13) at least partly between said first tile end (10) and said second tile end (11), wherein said first tile side (12) and said second tile side (13) are angled in relation to each other in a tile angle (TIA) being substantially equal to said trench angle (TRA), and wherein said tile element (9) is wedged into said bottom compartment (5) so that said water impermeable sheet (8) is fixed between said tile element (9) and at least one of said first upwards extending compartment sidewall (6) or said second upwards extending compartment sidewall (7).

2. A flood protection system according to claim 1, wherein at least a part of said tile element (9) is adapted to function as a trench lid (23) that can cover said upper opening (4) when said tile element (9) is not in use for fixating said water impermeable sheet (8) in said bottom compartment (5).

3. A flood protection system according to claim 2, wherein a tile length (TIL) measured between said first tile end (10) and said second tile end (11) is slightly shorter than a trench width (TRW) of said trench (3) at said upper opening (4).

4. A flood protection system (1) according to claim 2 or 3, wherein said tile element (9) comprises a first support projection (28) extending from said first tile end (10),and a second support projection (29) extending from said second tile end (11), wherein said first support projection (28) is arranged to rest on a first upper side edge (18) of said trench (3) and said second support projection (29) is arranged to rest on a second upper side edge (19) of said trench (3) when said tile element (9) is functioning as a trench lid (23) covering said upper opening (4).

5. A flood protection system (1) according to any of claims 2-4, wherein said trench (3) comprises a first support plateau (14) arranged at a first trench sidewall (16) at said upper opening (4), and a second support plateau (15) arranged at a second trench sidewall (17) at said upper opening (4).

6. A flood protection system (1) according to claim 5, wherein said first support plateau (14), said second support plateau (15), and said tile element (9) are arranged so that said first tile side (12) or said second tile side (13) is substantially parallel with a trench plane extending through a first upper side edge (18) and a second upper side edge (19) of said trench (3) when said tile element (9) is functioning as a trench lid (23) covering said upper opening (4).

7. A flood protection system according to claim 5 or 6, wherein said first support plateau (14), said second support plateau (15), and said tile element (9) are arranged so that said first tile side (12) or said second tile side (13) is substantially flush with a trench plane extending through a first upper side edge (18) and a second upper side edge (19) of said trench (3) when said tile element (9) is functioning as a trench lid (23) covering said upper opening (4).

8. A flood protection system (1) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said water impermeable sheet (8) comprises attachment means for connecting an upper part of said water impermeable sheet to said building or structure (2).

9. A flood protection system (1) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said flood protection system (1) further comprises an upper drain (20) arranged above said bottom compartment (5).

10. A flood protection system (1) according to claim 9, wherein the trench (3) further comprises a drain plateau (22) arranged above said bottom compartment (5) and wherein said upper drain (20) is arranged in said drain plateau (22).

11. A flood protection system (1) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said flood protection system (1) further comprises a bottom drain (22) arranged at a bottom of said bottom compartment (5).

12. A flood protection system according to claim 9 or 10, wherein said upper drain (20) is arranged on an opposite side of said water impermeable sheet (8) with respect to said tile element (9).

13. A method for protecting a building or a structure (2) from being flooded by means of a flood protection system (1), wherein said method comprises the steps of• arranging a trench (3) along said building or structure (2), so that said trench (3) comprises an upper opening and a bottom compartment, so that said bottom compartment includes a first upwards extending compartment sidewall and a second upwards extending compartment sidewall angled in relation to each other in a trench angle so that said bottom compartment gradually becomes wider upwards,• arranging a water impermeable sheet so that said water impermeable sheet is extending upwards from said bottom compartment, and• providing a tile element so that it has a first tile end opposite a second tile end, so that a first tile side is extending opposite a second tile side at least partly between said first tile end and said second tile end, and so that said first tile side and said second tile side are angled in relation to each other in a tile angle being substantially equal to said trench angle, and• wedging said tile element into said bottom compartment so that said water impermeable sheet is fixed between said first tile side and / or said second tile side of said tile element and said first upwards extending compartment sidewall and / or said second upwards extending compartment sidewall.

14. A method according to claim 13, wherein said method further comprises forming said tile element so that at least a part of said tile element may fit into said upper opening and so that said tile element may function a trench lid (23) covering said upper opening, and wherein said method further comprises removing said tile element from said upper opening before arranging said water impermeable sheet so that it is extending upwards from said bottom compartment.

15. A method according to claim 13 or 14, wherein said method further comprises connecting an upper part of said water impermeable sheet to said building or structure.

16. A method according to any of claims 13-15, wherein said flood protection system is a flood protection system according to any of claims 1-12.

Images