Calcining system and method for thermally treating a substance

Abstract

The present solution relates to a calcining system for thermally treating a substance (12), the system comprising at least one conveyor device (14) having a main extension axis (H); the at least one conveyor device (14) having: - at least one thermal treatment volume (18) which is heated by a heating device (16) during the thermal treatment; - a receiving device (22); - a delivery device (24); - an endless belt device (26) having an upper run (28) and a lower run (30); and - a housing system (34, 36, 38.1, 38.2, 40.1, 40.2) having an upper housing portion (34), a lower housing portion (36), two lateral housing portions (38.1, 38.2) and two end housing portions (40). The present solution further relates to a method for thermally treating a substance (12) using the calcining system (10).

Description

[0001] AD 43588 16.12.2025

[0002] Calcining system and method for the thermal treatment of a substance

[0003] Technical field

[0004] The following describes a calcining system for the thermal treatment of a substance, especially clay.

[0005] Furthermore, a method for the thermal treatment of a substance, in particular clay, using the aforementioned calcining system is described below.

[0006] Technical background

[0007] Calcining is a heat treatment process in the presence of air or oxygen, applied, for example, to ores and other solid substances to cause thermal decomposition, a phase transition, or the separation of a volatile component.

[0008] Calcining systems with conveyor belts used for calcination can include, in particular, push grate conveyors. These feature, for example, an air-permeable belt surface, also called a grate, through which hot air from the heat treatment volume is drawn downwards through the substance lying on the belt surface, thereby calcining it.

[0009] One advantage of this solution is the uniform heat transfer through the entire layer of substance lying on the belt surface, which allows for homogeneous calcination.

[0010] Document CN 112361805 A describes a zinc oxide calcining furnace that uses a chain net. The furnace is equipped with a first and a second deflection pulley at the inner ends of the furnace body. A chain net is stretched between these deflection pulleys. Gears on one side of the deflection pulleys are connected by a rack and pinion chain driven by the motor. The motor ensures the AD 43588 16.12.2025

[0011] Drive of the chain network, which transports the material and thus enables heating and decomposition of the materials.

[0012] On the other hand, the large amounts of dust generated by the airflow and suction are a disadvantage, as they later require complex cleaning processes using cyclones and filters. Furthermore, the air-permeable belt linings become clogged repeatedly, which can lead to operational disruptions or production losses. These downtimes result in financial losses. Additionally, sufficiently fine particles pass through the belt linings and must be laboriously removed as free-flowing material and reintroduced into the process. Finally, a significant amount of heat is extracted from the heat treatment volume, making it an energy-intensive process.

[0013] Technical description

[0014] Given this situation, the task is to provide an improved calcining system and an improved process for the thermal treatment of a substance. In particular, the dust load should be reduced, energy efficiency increased, and / or the free-flowing material problem avoided.

[0015] The above problem is solved by the features of the independent main claims. Advantageous embodiments are specified in the dependent claims. Where technically feasible, the teachings of the dependent claims can be combined arbitrarily with the teachings of the main and dependent claims.

[0016] In particular, the problem is solved by a calcining system for the thermal treatment of a substance, comprising at least one conveying device with a main extension axis; the conveying device having at least one thermal treatment volume heated during the thermal treatment by a heating device, in particular from above, with a heating temperature, and a cooling volume arranged below the thermal treatment volume, in particular at least indirectly, AD 43588 16.12.2025, with a cooling temperature, wherein during the thermal treatment the heating temperature is higher than the cooling temperature; a receiving device configured to receive the substance and convey it at least indirectly into the thermal treatment volume;A discharge device arranged along the main axis of extension away from the receiving device and configured to discharge the substance after heat treatment, in particular onto a recirculating system designed as a transverse conveyor; an endless belt device with an upper run and a lower run; wherein the upper run is movable along, i.e., parallel to, the main axis of extension in a conveying direction from a first run transfer device to a second run transfer device, and wherein the upper run is configured to convey the substance received by the receiving device and conveyed onto the upper run to the heat treatment volume; wherein the lower run is movable in the cooling volume along the main axis of extension in a return direction opposite to the conveying direction from the second run transfer device to the first run transfer device, corresponding to the upper run;A housing system comprising an upper housing section, a lower housing section, two side housing sections, and two end housing sections. The calcining system further comprises at least one circulation system for mixing the substance, wherein the at least one circulation system is designed and arranged as a transverse conveyor, in particular as a screw conveyor, with a transverse conveyor main axis of extension such that the substance can be discharged from the dispensing device onto the transverse conveyor.

[0017] Advantageous aspects of the claimed solutions are explained below, and preferred modified embodiments of the solutions are described below.

[0018] Explanations, particularly regarding advantages and definitions of features, are essentially descriptive and preferred, but not limiting, examples. If an explanation is limiting, this will be explicitly stated. AD 43588 16.12.2025

[0019] In particular, calcination is synonymous with heat treatment, although this is not strictly binding. However, it can also be defined or equated in a binding manner. Thus, the calcination system can be an extended heat treatment system, but it can also be limited to pure calcination.

[0020] A calcining system is a system for calcining substances, especially clay, but also other substances.

[0021] Clay is calcined, in particular, to alter its physical and chemical properties and make it usable for various industrial applications, such as the production of high-quality pozzolans in the cement industry. Besides clay, other substances are also calcined, such as limestone, bauxite, gypsum, or crude coke. During the calcination of limestone, large quantities of carbon dioxide are released to produce calcium oxide, i.e., quicklime. This process typically takes place at temperatures between 1050 °C and 1350 °C. In the calcination of hydrated minerals like bauxite and gypsum, the water of crystallization is removed as steam. During the calcination of crude coke, volatile components are broken down. These substances are calcined, in particular, to convert them into a more stable, usable form or to remove volatile components.

[0022] The specific parameters of the calcining process, including the precise temperature and duration of heating, can vary depending on the specific type of substance and the desired properties of the final product. Therefore, a calcining system may also include means for monitoring and controlling these parameters to ensure that the calcining process is carried out effectively and efficiently.

[0023] Calcination or thermal treatment refers to the process of heating a substance, in particular clay, to high temperatures, especially in the absence of air or at a reduced oxygen content, in order to avoid oxidation that leads to physical and / or chemical changes in the substance, preferably including the removal of bound water or other volatile substances and / or the conversion of the substance into a more reactive form.

[0024] Preferably, a calcining system includes a furnace chamber as a heat treatment volume and / or a heating device, whereby the substance is heated to temperatures sufficient to alter the crystal structure of the substance and transform it into a material suitable as a starting material for a variety of industrial applications.

[0025] A conveying device specifically refers to a device that serves to transport the substance to be calcined, such as clay, within the housing system on the endless belt conveyor along the main axis of extension from the receiving device to the discharge device, whereby the substance is thermally treated in the thermal treatment volume during this transport. These conveying devices can take various forms and sizes, depending on the specific requirements of the calcination process and the choice of the substance to be calcined.

[0026] Such conveying devices are specifically designed to move the substance during the calcination process and / or to allow its movement in order to ensure uniform heat treatment.

[0027] The design of a conveying system can vary, and may include elements such as conveyor belts, screw conveyors, bucket elevators, or pneumatic conveying systems. The proposed conveying system is specifically designed to transport the substance efficiently and safely through the heat treatment volume, preferably also incorporating a mechanism for controlling the feed rate and quantity.

[0028] Conveying systems are also designed in particular to move the substance continuously through the heat treatment volume, preferably ensuring that all parts of the substance are heated uniformly. This is specified in AD 43588 16.12.2025.

[0029] Advantageous for ensuring uniform calcination and avoiding hotspots or uneven heating.

[0030] Furthermore, conveyor systems can also incorporate safety systems to minimize the risk of accidents or damage during heat treatment. These safety systems may include, for example, emergency stop switches, protective covers, and / or other safety features.

[0031] Similarly, conveying systems can also include mechanisms for controlling the movement speed of the substance in order to regulate the duration of the heat treatment. This can be advantageous if the substance to be calcined has specific heat treatment requirements.

[0032] Examples of heating devices include infrared heaters, electric resistance heating elements, non-ceramic gas burners, ceramic gas burners, or solid fuel burners. These devices provide a controlled environment for heating the material and carrying out the chemical reaction. They are preferably designed to heat the substance during its continuous movement through the heat treatment volume to ensure that the substance is heated as thoroughly as possible. This is particularly important to guarantee uniform calcination and to avoid uneven, or heterogeneous, heating of the substance.

[0033] Furthermore, heating devices can also include mechanisms for controlling or adjusting the heating temperature, duration, and / or distance to the substance in order to meet the specific requirements of the calcination process. This can be particularly important if the substance to be calcined has specific heat treatment requirements.

[0034] The heat treatment volume is at least the area in which the substance is at least partially, preferably completely, heat-treated by the heating device. The cooling volume is located below the heat treatment volume. This is particularly because the substance to be heat-treated is located below the volume of the heating device. AD 43588 16.12.2025

[0035] The upper section of the endless belt device, which is impregnated with the substance, is guided in the heat treatment volume, whereas the lower section of the endless belt device is returned to the cooling area after the discharge of the heat-treated substance in order to allow the components of the endless belt device to cool down before they are reintroduced into or passed through the heat treatment volume so that more substance can be heat-treated.

[0036] The heating temperature is, in particular, the temperature during the heat treatment or calcination at which the substance is heat treated.

[0037] The cooling temperature is, in particular, the temperature after the heat treatment or before the next heat treatment to which components of the endless belt system are exposed in order to cool down, thus increasing the service life of the endless belt system and, in particular, the service life of the components carried with the endless belt system.

[0038] During heat treatment, the heating temperature is higher than the cooling temperature.

[0039] The receiving device can be a chute or designed in other ways, for example, as a hollow body of any desired dimensions that carries the substance. It is a component that introduces the substance into the respective conveying system, where the substance is thermally treated or calcined within the thermal treatment volume. Specifically, the substance passes directly or indirectly from the receiving device to the endless belt system and, in particular, via the endless belt system, into the thermal treatment volume.

[0040] The dispensing device can be a chute or designed in other ways, for example, as a hollow body of any dimension that carries the substance. It is the component that releases the heat-treated substance from the conveying system. This can be achieved, for example, by the substance entering the dispensing device directly from the upper section after heat treatment, or indirectly (see AD 43588 16.12.2025), in order to be conveyed out of the conveying system.

[0041] If several conveying units are connected to perform a multi-stage heat treatment, the receiving and discharging units can be designed as a single assembly or unit. In this case, the substance heat-treated in the first conveying unit is discharged from it and enters its discharging unit, which serves as the receiving unit for the second conveying unit, in order to undergo further heat treatment there. During this process, the substance is mixed so that, during the second heat treatment, it is arranged differently on the continuous belt of the second conveying unit, thus ensuring uniform heat treatment.

[0042] In the context of calcination, an endless belt conveyor refers specifically to a device used to transport the substance to be calcined or heat-treated, such as clay, within the heat-treatment volume of the conveyor along its main axis. These endless belt conveyors are specifically designed to move the substance during the calcination process to ensure heat treatment.

[0043] The continuous belt system consists of an upper section and a lower section. The upper section is the part of the continuous belt system that carries the substance and guides it through the heat treatment volume. The lower section is the part of the continuous belt system that is returned to the cooling volume after the heat-treated substance has been discharged.

[0044] Examples of continuous belt conveyors include conveyor belts or chain conveyors. Other configurations are also possible.

[0045] The upper run moves in the conveying direction and the lower run moves in the opposite direction to the conveying direction (return direction). AD 43588 16.12.2025

[0046] Section transfer devices are primarily the mechanisms on the conveyor system where the belt switches from the conveying phase (upper section) to the return phase (lower section), or vice versa. These devices can consist of rollers, wheels, drums, or similar mechanisms that redirect the endless belt and facilitate the transition between the two sections. Section transfer devices are designed to ensure smooth and efficient operation of the conveyor system while minimizing stress on the endless belt to extend its service life. In particular, they must be able to withstand thermal stresses in the range of heating temperatures.

[0047] A housing system in a conveying device, particularly in the context of calcination, serves primarily to enclose the substance being calcined during the process and to retain heat within the system and / or prevent unwanted gas flow. This preferably results in an airtight seal. Oxygen promotes oxidation, e.g., to Fe₂O₃, and thus, for example, an undesirable discoloration of calcined clay. The designation of the housing system's composition is based on an exemplary cuboid, although other geometries are also possible and covered by the scope of protection, for example, a pill or cigar shape, or other forms. In such cases, a person skilled in the art would identify an approximation of the cuboid shape and assign or subdivide the housing section accordingly.Regardless of other features, each housing section can be formed from a single housing section or from two or more housing sections, in particular sub-housing sections.

[0048] The upper housing section is, in particular, the upper part of the housing system, which serves to retain heat inside the conveying device and prevent it from escaping upwards. An enclosure can be attached to the upper housing section, for example. The upper housing section may preferably have a recess for the enclosure, whereby, for example, the enclosure may not be, may be partially, or may be completely inserted into the upper housing section. The upper housing section may include a thermal treatment volume gas flow system for gas exchange within the thermal treatment volume, as specified in AD 43588 16.12.2025.

[0049] The lower housing section is specifically the lower part of the housing system, designed to control the cooling of the rollers and traction elements attached to the substrate after they have passed through the heat treatment volume in the upper section during their return journey in the lower section. Preferably, the lower housing section is also completely closed or as airtight as possible to prevent unwanted airflow due to the density difference between the cooler lower housing section and the warmer upper housing section, as this can create a "chimney effect" that draws excessive amounts of air into the heat treatment volume. The lower housing section can also rest on other structural elements, such as a frame or feet, but is preferably also closed at the bottom.

[0050] The side casing sections are the lateral parts of the housing system that serve to retain heat inside the conveying device and prevent it from escaping laterally, or from drawing cooler ambient air into the interior of the housing system. At least one side casing section may incorporate a heat treatment volume gas flow system for gas exchange within the heat treatment volume. Preferably, at least two side casing sections are present. In the case of a polygonal cross-section of the conveying device, more than two lower casing sections may extend between the upper casing section and the lower casing section.

[0051] The end casing sections are the front and rear parts of the casing system, designed to retain heat inside the conveying device and prevent it from escaping forward or backward. Preferably, at least two end casing sections are present. In the case of a polygonal longitudinal section of the conveying device, more than two end casing sections may extend between the upper and lower casing sections. AD 43588 16.12.2025

[0052] These components are typically made from materials with high insulating properties to ensure effective thermal insulation. They may also have additional features such as seals or insulating layers to further improve thermal insulation.

[0053] In particular, the conveying device is essentially cuboid in shape. However, the term "essentially" also allows for deviations from the cuboid shape, for example for additional components, without altering the cuboid shape itself.

[0054] As mentioned previously, the sections can also be joined together in such a way that they form the housing system geometrically with curves, for example as a cylinder or pill-shaped piece. Polygonal shapes are also possible.

[0055] The conveying elements, for example the endless belt device, endless belt moving means, rollers and / or traction means, for example a chain, are preferably all arranged within the closed conveyor belt device, wherein the conveying section in the upper run and the idle section in the lower run are thermally separated at least into heat treatment and cooling volumes in order to allow cooling of certain conveying elements, in particular the endless belt device, during the idle run, so that the temperature load acting on the conveying elements remains below a critical level overall.

[0056] If the calcining system has only a single conveying device, the conveying device can preferably be the same as the calcining system itself. The transverse conveyor then transports the heat-treated substance out of the calcining system. Alternatively, the calcining system can also have several conveying devices, which are arranged sequentially in a cascade manner and are connected to each other, in particular, via transverse conveyors. "Cascade-like" here means that the substance undergoes several heat treatment processes, whereby after each heat treatment it is transferred from a first or preceding conveying device to at least one further conveying device for the next heat treatment. AD 43588 16.12.2025

[0057] Thermal treatments can be carried out using the same parameters or with different agents.

[0058] The inclusion of at least one circulation system for mixing the substance transforms the circulation system into a substance mixing system. This can be used alone, or the transverse conveyor can be combined with other circulation systems, for example, within the housing system.

[0059] In particular, at least one transverse conveyor is designed as a screw conveyor and / or is arranged after the discharge device.

[0060] In particular, the transverse conveyor transports the substance along its main axis of extension. Preferably, the transverse conveyor actively mixes the substance. The phrase "transports" here means, in particular, that the substance essentially follows a translational axis that corresponds to the main axis of extension of the transverse conveyor.

[0061] Roller devices of the circulation system whose axis of rotation is arranged transversely to the main axis of extension are therefore not considered transverse conveyors, provided they do not convey and mix the substance along the main axis of extension of the transverse conveyor. Consequently, a function of internal circulation / homogenization on the upper run does not constitute a transverse conveyor, but rather, in particular, the transverse transport at the discharge.

[0062] A screw conveyor can be used not only for transport but also for mixing the substance or material being conveyed. As the rotating screw moves the material, its rotation and the interaction between the screw flights and the substance ensure continuous homogenization. This function is particularly important between two heat treatment processes. When a screw conveyor is used as a transfer device between two conveying units undergoing heat treatment, the mixing within the conveyor results in a uniform distribution of the substance. This means the material is positioned differently in the second conveying unit than in the first, enabling optimized and higher-quality heat treatment.Homogenization reduces thermal inhomogeneities and improves process quality, as the substance is prepared more uniformly for subsequent treatment.

[0063] Unless the cross conveyor is a screw conveyor, it preferably achieves a similar mixing of the substance. Essentially, the change in direction of the substance conveyed by the cross conveyor already results in mixing. However, it is particularly advantageous if the conveying process itself actively brings about mixing, as with a screw conveyor described previously.

[0064] The transverse conveyor, with its main axis of extension, is designed and arranged such that the substance can be discharged from the dispensing device onto the transverse conveyor. This alone results in mixing. This discharge onto the transverse conveyor occurs at least indirectly, i.e., via intervening components, but can also occur directly, i.e., directly from the dispensing device onto the transverse conveyor.

[0065] In particular, and regardless of other features, the cross conveyor may be designed to convey the substance while mixing it thoroughly. For this purpose, the cross conveyor may incorporate substance-conveying mixing elements, such as a screw conveyor or similar devices. Alternatively or additionally, agitator blades, rollers with special mixing profiles, or other mechanical mixing devices may be used to ensure the most homogeneous distribution of the substance possible. Such elements could also be designed flexibly to be adapted to the specific properties of the substance being conveyed.

[0066] According to a modified embodiment, the endless belt assembly is essentially closed during the heat treatment. The endless belt assembly is preferably designed as a substance carrier composed of segments that are arranged successively, gap-free and preferably overlapping, during the heat treatment. Simultaneously, the calcining system features an AD 43588 16.12.2025

[0067] A substance mixing system designed to thoroughly mix the substance. The substance mixing system may, by way of example, and not limited to, comprise a cascade configuration of at least two, three, four, or more conveying devices. Alternatively or additionally, the substance mixing system may, by way of example, comprise a recirculation system, in particular comprising at least one or more roller devices, one or more ploughing devices, and / or one or more homogenizing devices.

[0068] Mixing can take place during a heat treatment, for example with the circulation system, and / or between two heat treatments; for example, the substance is mixed during the cascade-like transfer from one conveying device to the next conveying device.

[0069] A substantially closed endless belt assembly is understood here to mean that the endless belt assembly is substantially free of openings. "Substantially free of openings" means that minor recesses in the form of openings or gaps correspond to the closed nature of the assembly, for example, to guide the endless belt assembly, formed from segments, around the slab transition devices. The term "substantially closed" refers in particular to the fact that the endless belt assembly is largely free along its entire length of openings, gaps, or other recesses larger than ±5 millimeters, preferably ±3 millimeters, and particularly preferably ±1 millimeter.This tolerance ensures that the continuous strip unit functions as a closed unit, preventing significant heat or material losses, while still accommodating technical requirements such as transitions and connection areas. "Substantially closed" also means, in particular, that the segments of the continuous strip unit are tightly joined during heat treatment, preventing any gaps from allowing material to pass through. Small openings or gaps, necessary for design reasons to allow the continuous strip unit to move around transition sections or due to thermal expansion, are permitted only within the specified tolerances. As is well known, a rigid continuous strip unit cannot be guided around transition sections.Another option for a closed endless belt device is that the endless belt device has such small recesses, not in a network or patterned fashion, but individually, particularly due to its design (AD 43588 16.12.2025), that the substance does not fall through them as free-flowing material with an average diameter greater than or equal to ten millimeters, and in particular greater than or equal to six millimeters. In this respect, the endless belt device is therefore not designed as a chain mesh and is particularly airtight in the substance-carrying area. Closed, successive segments are a generally preferred embodiment.

[0070] Alternatively or additionally, a support structure guiding the segments has an essentially closed, in particular airtight, structure.

[0071] This embodiment illustrates the modified calcining method compared to push grate conveyors. Instead of passing hot air through the air-permeable belt surface, which causes the aforementioned problems, the proposed design avoids an airflow. This already reduces dust emissions. Furthermore, the energy efficiency of the proposed calcining system is increased because no hot air is drawn from the heat treatment volume. Additionally, the essentially closed design of the continuous belt system reduces the free-flowing material problem. Unlike with hot air intake, homogeneous calcination or heat treatment is achieved here via the substance mixing system.

[0072] One advantage of the essentially closed endless belt conveyor compared to a non-closed endless belt conveyor, such as a chain mesh conveyor as described in the prior art, is that the volume of material to be heat-treated can be precisely limited. While a chain mesh conveyor results in a uniform temperature distribution throughout the entire conveyor, causing calcination from both above and below, the closed endless belt conveyor enables targeted heating of the material exclusively from above, sufficient for calcination. This targeted heating is particularly advantageous because it allows for controlled heat treatment, minimizes downward heat loss, and reduces energy consumption. To ensure uniform heating of the material, a mixing system is employed.This substance mixing system ensures uniform heating of the substance through thorough mixing, even when insufficient heat is supplied from below. This results in consistent calcination, improving process quality and efficiency. AD 43588 16.12.2025.

[0073] According to an exemplary embodiment, a closed continuous conveyor system can be defined as a continuous conveyor system with segments that are at least partially, preferably completely, adjacent to one another, preferably overlapping, at least in the upper run, and preferably also in the lower run. The segments are designed, whether adjacent or overlapping, in such a way that they do not collide with each other in a damaging manner during operation of the continuous conveyor system. This means, for example, that they do not collide with each other in the area of ​​the run transitions. In particular, "adjacent" is to be understood as gap-free. In other words, the closed embodiment of the continuous conveyor system enables the substance to be heated, thereby reducing the dust load in the calcining system compared to push grate conveyors without suction. Furthermore, hardly any substance falls through any grates as free-flowing material, and heat losses are reduced.Since no mixing is required in push grate conveyors due to the inherently homogeneous calcination, no substance mixing system has yet been established. However, because air is not drawn through the substance bed, uniform heating of the substance is lacking, making the use of a substance mixing system advantageous. Thus, no substance falls off the continuous belt conveyor as free-flowing material, the closed design promotes thermal insulation of the heat treatment volume, and uniform calcination is facilitated by mixing the substance. The combination of features, namely that a substance carrier of the continuous belt conveyor is composed of segments that are arranged consecutively, preferably overlapping and without gaps to one another, during the heat treatment, can also be applied independently of other features.

[0074] According to a modified embodiment, the upper housing section, the lower housing section and the two side housing sections form a substantially closed, in particular rectangular, profile in cross-section with respect to the main extension axis.

[0075] Preferably, the conveying device has at least one or more airtight sealing devices, in particular one or more rotary valves. The at least one airtight sealing device is designed to seal the receiving device and / or the AD 43588 16.12.2025

[0076] The dispensing device, especially the adjustable one, is to be thermally insulated from its surroundings.

[0077] Alternatively or additionally, it is preferred that the heat treatment volume adjoins the upper housing section and / or the cooling volume adjoins the lower housing section. This allows for optimal design of the conveying system even under difficult environmental conditions. For example, with a rectangular profile, the heat treatment volume can always be located at the top, so that the substance can be introduced directly into the heat treatment volume via the upper housing section or an attached enclosure.

[0078] A profile that is closed in cross-section means, in particular, that the conveying device has essentially no open walls along its main axis, especially at the top, bottom, left, and right. "Essentially no open walls" here means, in particular, that there are no openings or passages that are technically unnecessary, especially those that would promote unwarranted heat flow. For example, openings created by the design, such as those for screw connections, may still fall under the definition of this characteristic. Similarly, openings for valves for desired gas inlet and / or outlet, as well as other openings or passages created by the design, may also fall under this definition.

[0079] The preferred cross-sectional profile is rectangular. However, other cross-sections are also possible, such as polygonal, circular, oval, or elliptical. Even slightly deviating shapes can be interpreted as the corresponding profile; for example, a rectangle with a wave-like structure can be interpreted as rectangular, although a complete rectangle is preferred as the standard rectangular shape. This also applies to other cross-sectional profiles.

[0080] The wording essentially refers in particular to the fact that deviations are possible in the closed profile, for example, and not as a limiting factor, a receiving device in the upper housing section or a dispensing device in the lower housing section, each of which constitutes an opening. It is also possible that there are longitudinal gaps in one or more housing sections. Thus, a small degree of thermal bridging is tolerated, and preferably no thermal bridges exist. AD 43588 16.12.2025

[0081] The conveying device includes at least one airtight seal designed to thermally isolate the receiving and / or dispensing device, and thus at least a part of the conveying device, preferably the entire conveying device, from its environment, particularly in an adjustable manner. This allows the airtight seal to be set to open or closed and, furthermore, the substance feed and discharge to be controlled.

[0082] The at least one airtight seal is, in particular, one or more rotary valves. A rotary valve is a device used, for example, for metering, feeding, or discharging substances, especially granular, powdery, and / or powdered substances. It operates on the principle of volumetric conveying. The rotary valve's operation is based on a rotor with a specific number of rotor blades, which rotates within a correspondingly designed housing. Each rotor blade receives the corresponding substance at the inlet opening, and the substance falls out at the outlet. This results in a continuous volumetric conveying process. In this example, the rotary valve can also serve as an airtight seal.It can help to thermally insulate the receiving and / or discharging unit from its surroundings and, depending on its operation, reduce dust generation. In particular, the rotary valve may be adjustable. Furthermore, the rotary valve can help to regulate the substance feed within the system and ensure efficient, continuous conveyance of the substance.

[0083] According to a modified embodiment, the at least one conveying device has at least one thermal separation layer system between the heat treatment volume and the cooling volume along the main axis of extension. In particular, the thermal separation layer system is essentially continuous, i.e., essentially closed along the main axis of extension.

[0084] Preferably, the thermal separation layer system is formed at least by the upper section and / or by an insulating surface structure.

[0085] The thermal separation layer system thus separates, in particular, at least the heat treatment volume and the cooling volume from each other, with an intermediate volume preferably arranged between the two aforementioned volumes (AD 43588 16.12.2025). The term "essentially continuous" refers in particular to the fact that the thermal separation layer system runs almost uninterrupted along its entire main axis of extension, whereby small gaps or openings are permissible within a tolerance of a maximum of plus / minus ten millimeters, preferably plus / minus eight millimeters, and particularly preferably plus / minus four millimeters. These tolerances ensure that the system remains functional and that heat transfer between the volumes is minimized, while taking into account technical requirements such as transition points or connection areas.These gaps are structurally necessary to ensure the mobility and functionality of the conveying system, particularly at transition points or during thermal expansion of the materials. The thermal break system allows the lower section to cool down during periods when the substance is not being conveyed or during recirculation in order to subsequently receive new substance and convey it through the heat treatment volume, thus increasing the overall durability of the continuous belt system. The fact that the thermal break system is essentially continuous is particularly important.Extending along the main axis of extension, essentially closed means that it may have gaps or other openings at a few points, if technically expedient or necessary, for example due to design requirements, such as in the transition area from the upper to the lower section and / or at connection points between successive plates of the thermal break system. Thus, a small degree of thermal bridging is tolerated, particularly if it is hardly or not at all avoidable due to design constraints, and preferably no thermal bridges exist.

[0086] If the thermal separation layer system is formed, for example, at least by the upper section, this is a cost-effective design option which also reduces the need for additional components.

[0087] If the thermal separation layer system is formed, for example, at least by the insulating surface structure, this can be made, for example, from heat-insulating material.

[0088] Various materials can be used as thermal insulation. Examples, but not limited to, include mineral wool, calcium silicate, mineral foam, lava rock, materials with similar properties, or a mixture of these materials (AD 43588 16.12.2025). Mineral wool offers good insulation values ​​and is an excellent material for thermal insulation. Calcium silicate, which consists of lime, quartz, water, and so-called pore-forming agents, has also proven to be a suitable insulation material. Mineral foam consists of quartz, lime, and water and can serve as a suitable insulation material. Lava rock, which is crushed, briefly heated, and thus expanded, can also be used as a suitable insulation material. The thermal break system can also be composed of several system components.

[0089] For example, the thermal separation layer system can also be formed by the upper section and the insulating surface structure and / or by other system units.

[0090] According to a modified embodiment, the insulating surface structure extends along the principal axis of extension and, transversely to the principal axis, is essentially formed as a plane, arc, or triangular arc shape with a projection vertex. "Essentially" here preferably means that the principal projection extent is decisive. For example, a conventional corrugated sheet with a plane principal projection extent can be understood as a plane. The same applies to corrugated sheets extending along an arc shape or a triangular arc shape. A principal projection extent is fundamentally the principal plane that follows the corresponding principal shape and averages out any deviations. Such a plane can, for example, be formed by an insulating surface structure designed as a cuboid.Perpendicular to the main axis of extension, the insulating surface structure, designed as a plane, can then, for example, resemble a line with a material thickness of [material thickness]. A aforementioned arc can, for example, be formed by an insulating surface structure designed as a longitudinally bisected hollow cylinder. Perpendicular to the main axis of extension, the insulating surface structure designed as an arc can then, for example, resemble a semicircle or similar shape with a material thickness of [material thickness]. A aforementioned triangular arc shape can, for example, be formed by an insulating surface structure designed as two planes meeting at an angle. Perpendicular to the main axis of extension, the insulating surface structure designed as a triangular arc shape can then, for example, resemble an open triangle or an incomplete triangle with a material thickness of [material thickness]. AD 43588 16.12.2025.

[0091] Preferably, the triangular arc shape is designed such that the projection vertex is oriented towards the upper housing section. A similar preference applies to the arch.

[0092] Alternatively or additionally, the insulating surface structure is designed such that it opens into the two side housing sections or into the lower housing section in order to substantially enclose the cooling volume together with the lower housing section. "Substantially enclose" here means, in particular, that minor gaps or other openings may be present, for example, due to the design, such as for screw connections or the like, to connect the insulating surface structure to both side housing sections or to the lower housing section.

[0093] An insulating surface structure designed as a plane comprises, in particular, a principal longitudinal axis, a principal transverse axis, and a minor depth axis. A non-limiting example of this is a sheet metal plate. Specifically, an insulating surface structure designed as a triangular arc shape can be either a single plane, especially one that curves upwards, or, in the case of a triangular arc shape with a single projection vertex, two planes that meet at the projection vertex. While the plane represents a structurally simple solution, the triangular arc shape surprisingly results in a particularly advantageous heat distribution, thus protecting the continuous belt system. Preferably, the triangular arc shape has its central region facing upwards. In particular, the proposed insulating surface structure is a means of increasing energy efficiency.The insulating surface structure is preferably designed such that it opens into the two side housing sections or into the lower housing section, in order to essentially enclose the cooling volume together with the lower housing section. This separates the lower section from the heat treatment volume and thus protects it further, while also increasing energy efficiency.

[0094] According to a modified embodiment, the at least one conveying device has an enclosure arranged on the upper housing section and extending along the main axis of extension in order to substantially enclose the heat treatment volume together with the upper section. "Substantially enclose" here means that design-related gaps or other recesses may be present to, for example, ensure the movement of the endless belt device without rubbing against the enclosure or other components.The term "essentially enclosed" means, in particular, that the heat treatment volume is almost completely enclosed by the housing and the upper section. Small gaps, openings, or recesses are acceptable, especially within a tolerance of a maximum of ±15 mm, preferably ±10 mm, and particularly preferably ±5 mm, provided they do not have a significant or acceptable impact on the thermal efficiency or functionality of the system. These gaps may be necessary for design reasons or, for example, to prevent rubbing between the housing and the upper section. This ensures that the housing effectively protects the material and that the heat remains within the heat treatment volume without impairing the mobility and function of the conveying device.For example, gaps may exist between fixed vertical struts of the enclosure and a movable traction element, or between fixed vertical struts of the enclosure and movable vertical planks of the upper section.

[0095] Preferably, the heating device is arranged inside the enclosure, especially preferably on the inside at the top.

[0096] Alternatively or additionally, preferably, the enclosure has a shorter length on the inside and / or outside, perpendicular to the main extension axis, than the upper housing section.

[0097] The preferred design, in which the enclosure has a smaller extent transverse to the main extension axis than the upper housing section, reduces the volume to be heated compared to an embodiment without an enclosure.

[0098] This design allows for the heating of a controllable, and in particular smaller, volume compared to embodiments without an enclosure, making it an optimized, controllable, and potentially more energy-efficient and, despite the additional costs for the enclosure, more economical design in the long run. AD 43588 16.12.2025

[0099] One advantage of the preferred design, in which the enclosure has a shorter length perpendicular to the main axis than the upper housing section, is that the thermal treatment volume is reduced, eliminating the need to heat the entire conveying system, as is common in prior art. This results in faster operational readiness of the conveying system, enabling quicker calcination. Simultaneously, energy consumption is reduced in the long term, as less volume needs to be kept continuously heated. This not only saves electricity and costs but also protects the environment. Furthermore, this design opens up the possibility of using new heating technologies more efficiently, technologies that may previously have been considered inefficient. These advantages contribute to more precise temperature control and improved calcination quality.

[0100] According to a modified embodiment, the at least one conveying device includes an intermediate volume with an intermediate temperature between the upper heat treatment volume and the lower cooling volume. During the heat treatment, this intermediate temperature is a value between the heating temperature and the cooling temperature.

[0101] Preferably, the at least one conveying device has at least one first and one second volume separation device, wherein the first volume separation device separates the upper heat treatment volume from the intermediate volume and wherein the second volume separation device separates the lower cooling volume from the intermediate volume.

[0102] A particularly preferred calcining system is one that is designed entirely or at least partially with the disclosed features. Provided this preferred configuration is fulfilled, the thermal separation layer system comprises at least two volume separation devices, wherein the upper section is preferably the first volume separation device and the insulating surface structure is more preferably the second volume separation device.

[0103] The intermediate volume with its intermediate temperature allows for better controllable separation between the upper heat treatment volume and the lower cooling volume, as well as between their temperatures. This improves the energy efficiency of the conveying system and, due to the more controllable cooling temperature, simultaneously increases the service life of the endless belt system. Furthermore, in accordance with AD 43588 (December 16, 2025), the dust load in the conveying system below the heat treatment volume is further reduced.

[0104] Preferably, the at least one conveying device comprises at least one first and one second volume separation device. A volume separation device is, in particular, any structure that separates or limits heat treatment, intermediate, and / or cooling volumes from one another.

[0105] Preferably, the first volume separation device separates the upper heat treatment volume from the intermediate volume, and the second volume separation device separates the lower cooling volume from the intermediate volume. In particular, and regardless of other features, the intermediate volume may include air exchange devices to, for example, supply cooling air and / or exhaust hot air. These air exchange devices may be arranged on one or both side casing sections and / or on the upper casing section, with other arrangement locations also being possible, either alternatively or additionally.

[0106] The thermal separation layer system preferably comprises at least two volume separation devices, wherein the upper section is the first volume separation device and the insulating surface structure is the second volume separation device. In this context, the upper section, in particular, fulfills two functions, thus enabling a particularly compact and cost-optimized design of the conveyor system and consequently increasing the service life of the endless belt system.

[0107] According to a modified embodiment, the endless belt device is provided to have a support structure, a carrier structure and a substance carrier.

[0108] The abutment structure is supported at least indirectly, for example via crossbeams, on the housing system, in particular on both side housing sections.

[0109] The support structure features continuous belt motion devices. These continuous belt motion devices preferably comprise rollers and / or traction elements, particularly preferably chain elements, wherein the continuous belt motion devices are configured to move the support structure along the abutment structure. AD 43588 16.12.2025

[0110] The substance carrier is designed to convey the substance for heat treatment within the heat treatment volume. The substance carrier is connected to the support structure.

[0111] Preferably, the substance carrier is composed of segments which are arranged consecutively without gaps to each other, particularly preferably overlapping, during the heat treatment.

[0112] The abutment structure is supported, at least indirectly, for example via the crossbeam, on the housing system. In particular, the abutment structure is supported on both side housing sections.

[0113] However, it is also possible that the support structure is mounted directly on the housing system, particularly on both side housing sections. As already mentioned, the endless belt conveyor comprises the support structure with endless belt motion elements. The endless belt motion elements are preferably rollers and / or traction elements, which are particularly preferably chain elements. The endless belt motion elements are designed to move the support structure along the support structure. The support structure can, in particular, include thermally insulating material to enable an energy-efficient and simultaneously compact design of the conveyor.

[0114] The endless belt system also includes the substance carrier, which is designed to convey the substance for heat treatment within the heat treatment volume and is connected to the support structure. While the substance carrier is designed to optimally convey and expose the substance to heat treatment, the support structure can be designed to robustly guide the substance carrier and / or to form a thermal barrier, ensuring that the heat treatment volume remains as insulated as possible.

[0115] A thermal barrier can be achieved, for example, either by the substance carrier, by the carrier structure, or by both components.

[0116] Preferably, the substance carrier is composed of segments that are arranged successively, without gaps to one another, and particularly preferably overlapping, during the heat treatment. The gap-free design prevents the substance from tilting between the segments or falling through the segments. The gap-free arrangement, especially the overlap, also serves as a heat barrier and simultaneously as further protection against abrasive corrosion, whereby AD 43588 16.12.2025 also prevents the substance from tilting between the segments or falling through the segments.

[0117] The combination of features, namely that a substance carrier of the endless belt device is composed of segments arranged consecutively, preferably overlapping and without gaps to one another, during the heat treatment, can also be applied independently of other features. The same applies to the closed design of the carrier structure. This enables the substance to be heated with less dust compared to the prior art, prevents it from falling off as free-flowing material, and reduces heat losses.

[0118] According to a modified embodiment, the substance carrier has at least one segment with a substance-receiving form. In particular, the substance-receiving form is essentially U-shaped.

[0119] The substance receiving form comprises a horizontally extending support platform with two lateral longitudinal edges parallel to the main extension axis and two vertically extending vertical planks, each arranged on one of the two longitudinal edges.

[0120] The support platform has successive steps, preferably at least one step per segment, with each step extending horizontally essentially transversely to the main axis of extension.

[0121] Preferably, each segment with a step has an upper height level and a lower height level, with the upper height level being located at the front in the conveying direction. Furthermore, the support platform has successive projections, preferably at least one projection per vertical plank of each segment, each projection extending horizontally, substantially transversely to the main axis of extension.

[0122] The substance carrier has one or more segments, each with a substance-receiving form. In particular, the substance-receiving form is essentially U-shaped. The term U-shape is not to be understood as strictly limiting. Rather, a receiving form is to be understood generally, whereby the U-shape in the sense of the letter is at most a particularly preferred embodiment. The U may be rounded or it may include angles between the legs. Similar forms are also included, such as a V. AD 43588 16.12.2025

[0123] Essentially U-shaped, in other words, means that the substance receiving mold, particularly the U-shape, may have slightly different shapes than a standard receiving mold. The expression "essentially U-shaped" refers to the fact that the substance receiving mold, in its basic structure, corresponds to a U-shape, with permissible deviations in the angles and corner radii within a tolerance of a maximum of plus / minus five mm, preferably plus / minus two mm, and most preferably plus / minus one mm. This shape enables the substance to be securely held and conveyed, while simultaneously allowing for a degree of flexibility in manufacturing and assembly. However, it is essential that the substance can be received and conveyed within the substance receiving mold. The U-shape of the substance receiving mold, in particular, ensures that the substance is securely held during the conveying process.The U-shape can be designed so that the substance does not fall out of the receiving form, regardless of whether the conveying device is positioned horizontally or at an angle. Tolerances in the design of the U-shape that do not impair the secure retention of the substance are therefore permissible, as long as the function of receiving and safely conveying the substance remains guaranteed.

[0124] The substance receiving mold has a horizontally extending support platform with two lateral longitudinal edges parallel to the main axis of extension, thus approximating a U-shape with three orthogonal legs. The substance is supported by the platform, ensuring that it remains within the substance receiving mold and does not fall downwards, potentially damaging system components.

[0125] In this exemplary embodiment, the support platform has successive steps, with at least one step per segment being preferred. One or more steps can, for example, serve as a resistance in inclined endless belt systems, preventing the substance from slipping. Each step extends essentially horizontally perpendicular to the main axis of extension. This shape provides optimized resistance, preventing the substance from slipping.

[0126] To achieve this effect optimally, each segment with one step preferably has an upper height level and a lower height level, with the upper height level located at the front in the conveying direction. AD 43588 16.12.2025

[0127] The substance collection mold has two vertically extending planks, each positioned along one of the two longitudinal edges. The substance is contained by the vertical planks, ensuring that it remains within the mold and does not fall downwards, potentially damaging the components.

[0128] The support platform features successive projections. Preferably, at least one projection is provided for each vertical plank of each segment. Each projection extends vertically, essentially perpendicular to the main axis of extension. This shape provides optimized resistance, preventing the material from slipping.

[0129] Essentially transverse to the main axis of extension means, particularly in the above descriptions, that a shape-related resistance function of the substance-bearing support platform remains, for example, in the case of a slope. The expression "essentially transverse to the main axis of extension" specifically means that the orientation of the steps and projections relative to the main axis of extension varies within a tolerance of a maximum of plus / minus five degrees, preferably plus / minus three degrees, and most preferably plus / minus two degrees. This ensures that the steps and projections optimally fulfill their resistance function by reliably holding the substance on the support platform and preventing slippage. Most preferably, the deviation from the transverse axis is no more than ten degrees to guarantee the required conveying capacity.Preferably, the angle deviates no more than 20 degrees, and particularly preferably no more than 10 degrees, from the respective transverse axis. Most preferably, there is no deviation from the respective transverse axis. This preferably ensures that the step or projection is suitable for resisting the conveying of the substance and that the substance does not slip along it due to an unsuitably designed step. Optionally, the horizontally extending steps and the vertically extending projections can intersect at one or more points, i.e., lie at the same level along the main axis of extension. Alternatively, one or more steps and one or more projections can also be arranged offset from each other along the main axis of extension. A hybrid form is also possible. AD 43588 16.12.2025.

[0130] Regardless of the aforementioned features, one or more steps on a support platform, particularly on a segment, can be designed, for example, as a projecting structure, such as a bulge. This means that there is an essentially constant plane, possibly with deviations in the plane's shape that are irrelevant for substance conveyance, which is interrupted section by a projecting step. Alternatively, a step can also connect two planes of different heights. It is also possible for these features to be combined, i.e., as a projecting feature that connects two planes. It is possible for all steps to be designed according to only one of the aforementioned features or from a diverse selection of them. Other configurations are also possible.

[0131] Regardless of the aforementioned features, a projection on a vertical plank of a support platform, particularly on a vertical plank of a segment, can be designed, for example, as a protruding structure, such as a bulge. This means that there is an essentially constant plane, possibly with deviations in the plane's shape that are irrelevant for material extraction, which is interrupted section by a projecting projection. Alternatively, a projection can also connect two planes of different heights. It is also possible that these features are combined, i.e., as a projecting feature that connects two planes. It is possible that all projections are designed according to only one of the aforementioned features or from a diverse selection of them. Other configurations are also possible.

[0132] In particular, the substance carrier can be screwed onto the support structure as a cell carrier, the support structure preferably consisting of two sheet metal units arranged at a distance from each other by vertical ribs.

[0133] The air gap formed between the two sheet metal units reduces the thermal conductivity and thus the heat transfer to the endless belt moving element, preferably to the traction element, and particularly preferably to the chain. AD 43588 16.12.2025

[0134] Endless belt moving devices, preferably traction devices, particularly preferably chain elements, can be screwed onto the lower sheet metal unit, and rollers can be mounted between the two sheet metal units.

[0135] The endless belt moving means, preferably traction means, especially preferably chains, are arranged laterally offset to the substance carrier, and thus also to the hot heat treatment volume.

[0136] Preferably, the horizontal distance between the endless belt moving means, preferably between the traction means, and especially preferably between the chains, to the substance carrier at the nearest edges is at least 80 millimeters, preferably at least 120 millimeters and / or at most 180 millimeters, preferably at most 120 millimeters.

[0137] According to a modified embodiment, the housing is designed to be open towards the substance carrier and has a receiving form with two vertical ribs that correlates with the vertical planks.

[0138] This design ensures that the vertical planks and vertical webs do not interfere with each other during operation of the continuous conveyor system. For example, the enclosure has a long left and a long right vertical web, both of which are static. The movable left and right vertical planks run along each of these vertical webs.

[0139] Preferably, the vertical planks and vertical webs are designed such that their horizontal spacing is selected so that they do not touch each other during the heat treatment and that gap-related heat loss is as low as possible.

[0140] Alternatively or additionally, preferably the vertical planks and the vertical webs are arranged essentially parallel to each other.

[0141] Because the enclosure is designed to be open towards the substrate and the vertical planks of the substrate are aligned with the vertical ribs of the enclosure, the substrate forms a bottom for the enclosure, which is, however, movable along its main axis of extension. In other words, the heat treatment volume is thus encapsulated. The fact that the horizontal spacing of the vertical planks and ribs is selected so that they do not touch each other during heat treatment and that gap-related heat loss is minimized, brings the enclosure as close as possible to a closed and largely thermally insulated cuboid, which nevertheless encloses the substrate and allows its conveyance. Put another way, this reduces the chimney effect.This advantage is further enhanced if the vertical planks and vertical webs are arranged essentially parallel to each other. Essentially parallel in this context means, in particular, that the components are designed such that the substrate does not rub against the enclosure during its movement, while at the same time avoiding excessive thermal bridges—that is, thermal bridges that exceed the necessary size due to the design. The term "essentially parallel" refers specifically to the fact that the distance between the vertical planks and the vertical webs varies along their entire length within a predetermined tolerance, preferably a maximum of 10 mm. This tolerance ensures that neither contact nor significant heat transfer occurs between the vertical planks and vertical webs during the movement of the substrate.In particular, "parallel" essentially means that the vertical planks and vertical webs are arranged along their entire length so that they do not approach or touch, thus preventing the components from rubbing against each other. A gap is always maintained to ensure the mechanical integrity and thermal efficiency of the system. Specifically, the components are exactly parallel to each other.

[0142] According to a modified embodiment, the endless belt motion means are arranged vertically below the heat treatment volume and horizontally outwards transverse to the main extension axis by a horizontal distance offset from the heat treatment volume.

[0143] Preferably, the horizontal distance of the offset of each endless belt conveying element to the heat treatment volume corresponds at least to the length of a corresponding endless belt conveying element along the same axis. Alternatively or additionally preferably, the horizontal distance of the offset of each endless belt conveying element to the heat treatment volume is at least 5 percent, preferably at least 7 percent, and most preferably at least 10 percent of a horizontal principal extent of a segment transverse to the principal extent axis. AD 43588 16.12.2025

[0144] Alternatively or additionally, preferably, the horizontal offset of each endless belt conveying element to the heat treatment volume is at most 30 percent, preferably at most 25 percent, and particularly preferably at most 15 percent of a horizontal main extent of a segment transverse to the main extent axis. In other words, the fact that the endless belt conveying elements are arranged vertically below the heat treatment volume and horizontally outwards transverse to the main extent axis by a horizontal offset from the heat treatment volume means that there is a lateral offset of the endless belt conveying elements relative to the heat treatment volume, thus reducing the thermal stress acting on the endless belt conveying elements.It has turned out that the actually undesirable oversizing of the components, especially the support structure, increases the durability of the endless belt motion devices despite the additional costs and thus reduces the downtime of the calcining system.

[0145] The preferred feature, according to which the horizontal distance of the offset of each continuous belt conveyor to the heat treatment volume corresponds at least to the length of a corresponding continuous belt conveyor in the same axis, means, in other words, that, with fictitious vertical projection planes, a fictitious continuous belt conveyor should be able to fit between the vertical projection plane of the actually existing continuous belt conveyor and the vertical projection plane of the heat treatment volume. In particular, but not limited to, the nearest inner edges or the principal extension planes of the corresponding continuous belt conveyor and the heat treatment volume, as recognizable to a person skilled in the art, are taken into account.

[0146] According to a modified embodiment, the at least one conveying device comprises a thermal treatment volume gas flow system for gas exchange within the thermal treatment volume. The thermal treatment volume gas flow system includes at least one thermal treatment volume gas inlet regulator and at least one thermal treatment volume gas outlet regulator.

[0147] The thermotreating volume gas inlet regulator is designed to feed gas, for example inert gas or combustion gas, into the thermotreating volume AD 43588 16.12.2025. The thermotreating volume gas outlet regulator is designed to discharge gas, for example oxygen-containing or moisture-containing gas, from the thermotreating volume.

[0148] Preferably, the calcining system is one of the aforementioned calcining systems, wherein the thermotreatment volume gas flow system is particularly preferably arranged at the enclosure for gas exchange in the thermotreatment volume.

[0149] The use of an inert gas, such as nitrogen, has the advantageous effect of preventing unwanted oxidation of the substance in the heat treatment volume. This is particularly beneficial when treating substances that oxidize easily at high temperatures.

[0150] The combustion gas can serve as a heat source to better control the required temperature in the heat treatment volume. This can improve the efficiency of the calcining process and reduce operating costs. Combustion gas can also be used if the gas-powered heating system fails to ignite as desired, thus promoting the ignition reaction.

[0151] The oxygen-containing gas can be used to promote certain chemical reactions within the heat treatment volume. For example, it can be used in the calcination of metal oxides to obtain the desired end product.

[0152] The removal of oxygen-containing gas can prevent unwanted oxidation reactions from occurring in the heat treatment volume. This can be particularly important if the substance being calcined is sensitive to oxidation. The removal of moisture-containing gas, for example, resulting from the residual moisture of the substance being calcined, can help control the humidity in the heat treatment volume. This can help ensure the quality of the final product and prevent unwanted chemical reactions that could be caused by excessive moisture.

[0153] Therefore, the thermal treatment volumetric gas flow system improves the possibility of controlled thermal treatment and thus a high-quality end product. In particular, the properties of the end product can be influenced by the thermal treatment volumetric gas flow system, depending on the gas supplied or discharged. AD 43588 16.12.2025

[0154] According to a modified embodiment, the at least one conveying device includes a cooling gas flow system for gas exchange within the cooling volume. The cooling gas flow system comprises at least one cooling gas inlet regulator and at least one cooling gas outlet regulator. The cooling gas inlet regulator is configured to feed gas, for example, inert gas or cooling gas at a defined cooling gas temperature, into the cooling volume. The cooling gas outlet regulator is configured to discharge gas, for example, inert gas or cooling gas, at a temperature above the defined cooling gas temperature from the cooling volume.

[0155] The cooling volume gas flow system is particularly preferably arranged on the lower housing section or on one or both side housing sections for gas exchange in the cooling volume.

[0156] The supplied cooling gas, below a defined temperature, can serve as a coolant to lower the temperature of the continuous belt system within the cooling volume. This can improve the efficiency of the cooling process and increase the service life of the continuous belt system.

[0157] Discharging inert gas or cooling gas above a defined cooling gas temperature can help control the temperature in the cooling volume.

[0158] The use of this cooling gas flow system allows for a more efficient cooling process. Furthermore, the cooling gas flow system enables better control over the conditions within the cooling volume, leading to increased process reliability. The cooling gas flow system is particularly preferably arranged at the lower housing section or at one or both side housing sections for gas exchange within the cooling volume. This allows for efficient cooling of the lower section of the endless belt unit, which previously passed through the hot heat treatment volume as the upper section. This is particularly advantageous because the endless belt unit cools down as the lower section within the cooling volume before being re-exposed as the upper section to a substance that is then to be heat treated again. AD 43588 16.12.2025

[0159] According to a modified embodiment, the volume of the heat treatment volume is smaller than the volume of the cooling volume and / or the volume of the intermediate volume.

[0160] First, concentrating the heat into a smaller volume allows for more efficient heat transfer. This can help reduce operating costs and improve product quality. Furthermore, a smaller volume of hot heat treatment enables more precise control of process temperatures. This can also contribute to improved product quality and increased process reliability.

[0161] Another advantage of this configuration is that it can lead to faster response times to changes in process conditions. This can help increase operational flexibility and improve product quality. Furthermore, more efficient energy use can help reduce operating costs and minimize environmental impact.

[0162] Finally, a smaller volume of hot heat treatment can help achieve a more uniform heat distribution within the product. This can contribute to improved product homogeneity and increased product quality.

[0163] At the same time, the cooling volume heats up less, allowing the lower section to cool with high reliability.

[0164] In summary, this offers an improved solution to the challenges associated with the heat treatment of substances while protecting the continuous belt system. It enables efficient and controllable heat treatment, leading to improved product quality and increased operational efficiency.

[0165] According to a modified embodiment, the at least one conveying device has at least one further circulation system for mixing the substance.

[0166] Alternatively or additionally preferably, the at least one further circulation system comprises at least one plow element stationary relative to the housing system, which is designed to circulate the substance conveyed on the upper run in the conveying direction. Alternatively or additionally preferably, the at least one further circulation system comprises at least one roller device whose axis of rotation is arranged transversely to the main axis of extension. AD 43588 16.12.2025 is particularly preferred.

[0167] The peripheral speed of the at least one roller device is approximately 10 percent, preferably approximately 15 percent, particularly preferably approximately 20 percent, and most preferably approximately 25 percent greater than the conveying speed of the endless belt device.

[0168] Alternatively or additionally, the conveying speed of the endless belt device is at least 0.03 m / s, particularly preferably at least 0.05 m / s and / or at most inclusive of 0.3 m / s, particularly preferably at most inclusive of 0.2 m / s, most preferably at most inclusive of 0.1 m / s.

[0169] Alternatively or additionally, the at least one roller device preferably has at least one stirring rod construction and / or at least one paddle construction extending radially.

[0170] The at least one conveying device preferably has at least one homogenizing device arranged in the conveying direction after at least one or more circulation systems, wherein the homogenizing device is in particular designed as a crossbeam structure, wherein the at least one homogenizing device is designed to homogenize the distribution of the substance circulated by the circulation system on the upper run.

[0171] One or more plowing elements can be arranged, for example, inside or on the interior of the enclosure. The material conveyed on the upper section is circulated by impact against or along the plowing elements, thus promoting uniform heat treatment.

[0172] The peripheral speed and the conveying speed enable, for example in clay calcination, a uniform circulation of the substance, resulting in a high-quality end product.

[0173] A stirring rod construction is in particular a rod-shaped body, whereas a paddle construction has a paddle body directed towards the substance.

[0174] The homogenization device is attached, at least indirectly, to or within the housing. The homogenization device is positioned with a vertical gap to the upper run, so that the substance is conveyed through this gap during its transport on the upper run, and any substance protruding upwards from the upper run is regulated to the size of the gap to allow it to pass through. This homogenizes the substance on the upper run along its entire height (AD 43588 16.12.2025) and enables uniform heat treatment. In particular, this is made possible by a homogenization device designed as a crossbeam structure.

[0175] In particular, one or more transverse conveyors can be designed as screw conveyors or as described above. For example, one or more transverse conveyors can also contain the ploughing devices described above.

[0176] The mixing of the substance can take place, for example, in one or more circulation systems along the main extension axis of the transverse conveyor, particularly with regard to the transverse conveyor, and / or along the main extension axis.

[0177] According to a modified embodiment, the calcining system has at least two or more successive conveying devices arranged in a cascade configuration as a substance mixing system.

[0178] Preferably, the discharge device of the at least one preceding conveying device for conveying, in particular horizontally and / or vertically, the substance is connected at least indirectly to the receiving device of the at least one subsequent conveying device. This connection can be made, for example, via a chute structure and / or the transverse conveyor, wherein the chute structure and / or the transverse conveyor are preferably designed to be substantially gap-free and / or airtight to the outside. "Substantially gap-free and / or airtight" preferably means that dust and / or heat remain within the system as far as possible and that gaps or other openings are minimal, for example, due to the design.The term "essentially gap-free" refers in particular to the fact that the chute construction is designed such that gaps or other openings are a maximum of ten mm, preferably less than five mm, and particularly preferably less than two mm, in order to minimize the escape of dust and heat as far as possible. This small gap width ensures that unwanted substances and heat losses are reduced to a minimum. In particular, there is no gap. "Essentially airtight" in this context means in particular that the chute construction is designed in such a way that the passage of air is almost completely prevented, which means that the air permeability is a maximum of fifteen 1 / min, preferably less than ten 1 / min, and particularly preferably less than five 1 / min, at a pressure differential determined according to AD 43588 16.12.2025.This allows the thermal conditions within the calcining system to remain stable and prevents unwanted air intake or exhaust.

[0179] The cascade arrangement of the conveying units transfers the heat-treated substance from one unit to the next for further heat treatment. This results in increased mixing of the substance between each heat treatment, leading to a more uniform overall heat treatment. The increased mixing and repeated heat treatment or calcination in multiple conveying units improve the quality of the heat-treated substance. This can lead to higher purity and homogeneity of the final product. The cascade arrangement enables continuous and efficient processing of the substance with less waste. This can lead to reduced process times and waste, and thus to increased production capacity at lower costs.The heat released during thermal treatment in a preceding conveying unit remains in the material in the next conveying unit. This leads to improved energy efficiency of the overall process. The number and arrangement of the conveying units can be adapted to the specific requirements of the material being thermally treated. This offers a high degree of flexibility and adaptability to various process conditions. In summary, the present embodiment provides an efficient and flexible solution for the thermal treatment of substances, enabling improved mixing and quality of the final product. The embodiment is therefore of great benefit to industries that employ calcination processes, such as the cement, lime, aluminum, and chemical industries. Furthermore, the degree of thermal treatment can be adjusted to the properties of the respective substance.Some substances may require higher temperatures right from the start, whereas others may only require higher temperatures later in the heat treatment process, i.e., during a subsequent conveying system. While the temperature gradient was not adjustable with a conventional conveying system, temperature ramps can now be created by varying the temperatures in different stages (AD 43588 16.12.2025).

[0180] Conveyor facilities are achieved, thus increasing the quality of the thermally treated substance.

[0181] According to a modified embodiment, the cascade shape is designed such that the main axis of extension towards the horizon from above essentially forms an angle of at least -5 degrees, preferably at least 0 degrees, particularly preferably at least 10 degrees, and most preferably at least 20 degrees. Depending on the angle, this can be useful, for example, in applications where increased mixing or increased throughput is required.

[0182] Alternatively or additionally, the cascade shape can be designed such that the main axis of extension to the horizon from above essentially encloses an angle of at most 40 degrees, preferably at most 30 degrees, particularly preferably at most 28 degrees, and most particularly preferably at most 25 degrees.

[0183] In particular, it may be stipulated that the angles can be subsequently changed, for example by means of appropriate lifting systems on the conveyor equipment. However, other technical means for changing the angle are also possible.

[0184] The specific angles of the principal axis of extension with respect to the horizon, as proposed in the modified embodiments, define the slope angles and have a direct impact on the efficiency and effectiveness of the heat treatment process. The expression "essentially an angle α" means, in particular, that the specified angle can vary within a tolerance of plus / minus 10 percent of the corresponding angular magnitude. This tolerance ensures that the process can be flexibly adapted to different material properties and throughput requirements without impairing the functionality of the conveying equipment.

[0185] The cascade configuration describes an arrangement of conveying devices within the calcining system in which the substance is transferred from one conveying device to the next in a step-like sequence. This arrangement can be designed such that the main axis of extension of the conveying devices runs at a specific angle to the horizon.

[0186] A negative angle, for example of at least -5 degrees, means that the main extension axis is inclined downwards in the conveying direction, which means that the AD 43588 16.12.2025

[0187] The substance is transported in the direction of gravity. A positive angle, for example of at least 10 degrees, means that the main axis of extension is inclined upwards in the conveying direction, which necessitates transport of the substance against gravity. An angle of 0 degrees means that the main axis of extension runs parallel to the horizon, allowing horizontal transport of the substance without any upward or downward inclination. This is particularly relevant for controlling the throughput rate, improving mixing, and increasing flexibility. Conversely, a main axis of extension with a substantially negative angle to the horizon, for example of at least -5 degrees, means that the main axis of extension is inclined downwards in the conveying direction.In contrast, a principal axis of extension that forms a substantially positive angle with the horizon, for example at least 10 degrees, means that the principal axis of extension is inclined upwards in the conveying direction, i.e., rising. An angle of 0 degrees therefore means that the principal axis of extension runs parallel to the horizon or subsurface in the conveying direction, i.e., it is neither rising nor falling.

[0188] A larger angle could, with regard to throughput time, cause the substance to pass more quickly from one conveying device to the next. This could result in a shorter throughput time, which could be particularly useful when high production capacity is required and the substance properties allow it, or when quality is maintained. A smaller angle, with regard to mixing and heat treatment, could cause the substance to pass through the conveying device(s) more slowly or not at all. This can lead to more thorough heat treatment of the substance, as it is exposed to heat for a longer period, thus resulting in a higher quality end product.

[0189] The ability to adjust the angle of the main axis of extension allows the process to be tailored to the specific requirements of the substance being heat-treated. This can be particularly useful when processing different substances or batch sizes.

[0190] In summary, the specific angles of the principal extension axis proposed in the modified embodiments can play an important role in optimizing the heat treatment process (AD 43588 16.12.2025). They offer an efficient and flexible solution that enables controllable heat treatment of substances and high end product quality. The formulation, particularly regarding the angle specifications, stipulates that the required conveying properties must still be met, which is preferably the case with a deviation of ±10 percent of the corresponding angle value. However, the angle specifications are particularly preferred.

[0191] According to a modified embodiment, the cascade configuration is designed such that at least two, preferably more than two, and particularly preferably all conveying devices, especially via transverse conveyors or individual transverse conveyors, are interconnected in such a way that they form a meandering shape. A meandering shape is understood to be, in particular, an arrangement in which the conveying devices and transverse conveyors form a loop-like, and especially multiply, winding structure characterized by alternating horizontal or vertical changes in the direction of material conveyance. This arrangement offers the particular advantage of efficient space utilization, as the available space is optimally used, especially in plants with limited space, allowing several conveying devices to be integrated in a small area.In addition, the meandering shape, through changes in the direction of material conveyance, ensures a thorough mechanical mixing of the substance, improving homogeneity and enhancing the quality of the conveyed material for subsequent processes. A further advantage lies in the modular expandability of the system, as additional conveying units or cross conveyors can be integrated into the existing structure without significantly altering its layout. Furthermore, connecting the conveying units via cross conveyors allows for precise control of the material flow, enabling individual adjustments to process requirements such as residence times or conveying speeds. The closed meandering structure ensures that the substance is guided through the conveying units in a controlled manner, minimizing conveying losses and material waste.The meandering shape is also characterized by high flexibility, as it can be arranged both horizontally and vertically inclined to adapt to different structural conditions and process requirements. This arrangement is therefore preferable to AD 43588 16.12.2025.

[0192] Increased efficiency, process optimization and quality improvement of the entire calcining system.

[0193] According to a modified embodiment, it is provided that the side housing sections of the corresponding conveying devices each form an angle of at most 30 degrees, preferably at most 20 degrees, particularly preferably at most 15 degrees, with a projection vertical plane which extends along the corresponding main extension axis, and / or that preferably the side housing sections of the corresponding conveying devices run parallel to each other.

[0194] For the purposes of the present invention, the term "projection vertical plane" refers to a perpendicular plane that runs at right angles to the horizon and extends along the main axis of extension of the conveyor device. This definition clarifies that the plane has both a vertical orientation and takes into account the direction of the main axis of extension in order to provide a precise reference plane for the orientation and arrangement of the side housing sections.

[0195] This design offers several advantages. Limiting the angle between the side housing sections and the projection vertical plane enables a compact and space-saving construction, which is particularly beneficial for systems with limited space. Furthermore, this arrangement of the side housing sections contributes to a smooth and uninterrupted flow of the substance along the conveying system, thereby reducing or optimizing mechanical stresses, especially the substance's own weight, on both the substance and the conveying system itself. This can increase operational reliability and extend the service life of the calcining system.

[0196] The defined angle design also ensures optimized material flow within the conveying system. This prevents malfunctions such as material jams or uneven distribution, which in turn increases the efficiency of the entire calcining system. Particularly when processing sensitive substances (AD 43588 16.12.2025), the angle design offers the advantage of minimizing mechanical damage to the material.

[0197] In addition, the parallel arrangement of the side housing sections simplifies the manufacturing and assembly of the conveyor systems, as less complex housing shapes and manufacturing processes are required. This leads to a reduction in manufacturing costs and simplifies maintenance. Overall, this design thus contributes significantly to improved functionality, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness of the conveyor system.

[0198] According to a modified embodiment, two conveying devices form a substance circuit, wherein at least the two conveying devices and at least two transverse conveyors form a polygon, preferably a quadrilateral, particularly preferably a rectangle, wherein the substance circuit proceeds such that the substance is fed into the first conveying device via the receiving device, travels along the endless belt device and is discharged from the first conveying device via the discharge device, wherein the substance is received from the discharge device of the first conveying device by a transverse conveyor, in particular designed as a screw conveyor, and conveyed to the receiving device of the second conveying device, and that the substance is fed into the second conveying device via the receiving device.along the endless belt system and is discharged from the second conveying system via the discharge device, wherein the substance is picked up by a transverse conveyor, in particular designed as a screw conveyor, and conveyed to the receiving device of the first conveying system; wherein in particular the calcining system has a substance feed device, in particular designed as a chute, and wherein the first conveying system has at least two receiving devices, wherein the first receiving device is designed to feed the substance into the calcining system via the substance feed device and wherein the second receiving device is designed to pick up the substance from the second conveying system via the transverse conveyor; AD 43588 16.12.2025 wherein in particular one or both transverse conveyors are designed, for example pivotable, to discharge substance from the calcining system.

[0199] In other words, it is particularly proposed that two conveying devices form a substance circuit, wherein at least the two conveying devices and at least two transverse conveyors form a polygon, preferably a quadrilateral, and most preferably a rectangle. For the purposes of the present invention, the term "polygon" is not limited to classical geometric polygons with straight sides. Rather, the term also includes closed, rounded shapes such as circles or oval contours, provided that these are formed by a plurality of conveying and transverse conveying devices that together ensure a continuous substance flow. This allows for a flexible and functional interpretation of the term "polygon" from a technical perspective, whereby both straight and curved substance flow paths can be taken into account.

[0200] The material cycle is designed such that the substance is fed into the first conveying unit via the receiving unit, travels along the endless belt, and is discharged from the first conveying unit via the discharge unit. Subsequently, the substance is picked up from the discharge unit of the first conveying unit by a transverse conveyor, in particular a screw conveyor, and conveyed to the receiving unit of the second conveying unit.

[0201] In the second conveying unit, the substance is fed in, particularly via the receiving unit, guided along the endless belt system, and discharged via the discharge unit. From there, the substance is picked up by a transverse conveyor, again primarily a screw conveyor, and returned to the receiving unit of the first conveying unit, thus creating a closed loop.

[0202] Cross conveyors can be of any design, although screw conveyors are particularly preferred. However, other designs are also possible, especially mixing conveyors. AD 43588 16.12.2025

[0203] Cross conveyors. This includes, in particular, circulation systems described elsewhere, but also circulation systems not described here.

[0204] For the purposes of the present invention, the term "screw conveyor" refers in particular to a conveying device comprising a rotating screw which transports the substance along a housing. The rotational movement of the screw not only transports the substance but also ensures uniform mixing, thereby improving its homogeneity. This is particularly advantageous for calcining processes where uniform thermal or mechanical treatment is required.

[0205] The term "chute" refers in particular to a substance feeding device, preferably designed in the form of an inclined channel or funnel. The chute serves to feed the substance into the first conveying device in a controlled and precise manner, ensuring a uniform feed rate.

[0206] In particular, the substance feeding device, preferably designed as a chute, can have one or more air sealing devices.

[0207] It is particularly advantageous that the calcining system has a substance feeding device, in particular designed as a chute, and that the first conveying device comprises at least two receiving devices. The first receiving device is designed to feed the substance into the calcining system via the substance feeding device, while the second receiving device is designed to receive the substance from the second conveying device via the transverse conveyor.

[0208] Furthermore, it is planned that one or both transverse conveyors are designed, for example, to be pivotable, to discharge substance from the calcining system. This flexible design enables precise control of the material flow and offers the advantage that the conveying, mixing, and discharge of the substance can all be controlled. AD 43588 16.12.2025

[0209] The process can be carried out efficiently with minimal technical resources. This enables a cost-optimized calcination system.

[0210] According to a modified embodiment, the main extension axis and the transverse conveyor main extension axis are at an angle to each other, at least on a projection horizontal plane.

[0211] For the purposes of this description, a projection horizontal plane is understood to be, in particular, a horizontal plane that is perpendicular to the vertical and parallel to the horizontal. This plane serves to geometrically describe the relative positions and orientations of the main extension axis and the cross conveyor main extension axis.

[0212] The phrase "at least on a horizontal projection plane, they are at an angle to each other" means that such an angle can exist both horizontally and vertically. This implies that the connection between the receiving and discharging devices via the transverse conveyors can have both a horizontal and a vertical offset. This design increases the spatial flexibility of the arrangement, as the axes do not necessarily have to be coaxial but should be at different angles to each other. Even though the claim refers to the horizontal angle, the main axis of extension and the main axis of extension of the transverse conveyor can, alternatively or additionally, be at an angle to each other on a vertical projection plane.

[0213] Alternatively, a coaxial arrangement of the main extension axis and the transverse conveyor main extension axis can be provided, which can be combined with all features of the described calcining system.

[0214] A further advantage is a method for the thermal treatment of a substance using the calcining system according to at least one of the aforementioned features, the method comprising at least the steps of receiving the substance by means of the receiving device and subsequently conveying the substance on the upper section AD 43588 16.12.2025 along the main axis of extension, wherein the substance is conveyed at least partially through the heated thermal treatment volume. Preferably, the calcining system has at least one or all of the aforementioned features, such that, in particular, at least one mixing of the substance by means of the at least one circulation system takes place. One or more circulation systems are preferably provided, but are not strictly necessary. The method further comprises the step of dispensing the substance by means of the dispensing device.Preferably, at least one mixing of the substance is achieved by conveying it in at least one or more transverse conveyors, particularly screw conveyors, from the discharge unit of the at least one preceding conveying unit to the receiving unit of the at least one subsequent conveying unit. Preferably, the calcining system has at least one or all of the aforementioned features, such that, in particular, at least one mixing of the substance is achieved by conveying it, especially horizontally and / or vertically. The vertical conveying can, in particular, essentially be free fall, from the discharge unit of the at least one preceding conveying unit to the receiving unit of the at least one subsequent conveying unit. A cascade configuration is preferred, but not mandatory. However, a cascade configuration is preferred.Essentially, "free fall" here means that the vertical component of the conveyance is greater than the horizontal component. This can also be achieved via a chute or similar device. Optionally, the substance can fall freely, at least partially or completely.

[0215] The process can, in principle, be implemented without mixing the substance via vertical conveying. This may result in less dust and reduce the free-flowing material problem, especially with very brittle substances. Mixing can also be carried out using only one form or an entirely different method. However, for certain substances, both the recirculation system and, alternatively or additionally, mixing via vertical conveying may be advantageous to ensure homogeneous heat treatment. AD 43588 16.12.2025

[0216] It is preferred that the sequence of process steps can be varied, unless a specific sequence is technically required. However, the aforementioned sequence of process steps is particularly preferred.

[0217] Where the term "essentially" is used in these explanations, it means that it is a clearly defined embodiment, recognizable to a person skilled in the art, which permits a minor degree of deviation without losing the essential function of the respective feature. For numerical values, the term may refer to plus / minus 10 percent. Generally, specifying the exact value before the deviation is preferred.

[0218] AD 43588 16.12.2025

[0219] Brief description of the drawings

[0220] The solutions are explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. The term "figure" is abbreviated as "Fig." in the drawings.

[0221] The drawings show

[0222] Fig. 1 shows a schematic, perspective view of a calcining system with a conveying device according to a preferred embodiment;

[0223] Fig. 2 shows a schematic view of an end face of the calcining system according to the embodiment shown in Figure 1;

[0224] Fig. 3 is a schematic, perspective view of the calcining system according to the embodiment shown in Figures 1 and 2;

[0225] Fig. 4 is a schematic, perspective view of the calcining system according to the embodiment shown in Figure 3 with different reference numerals;

[0226] Fig. 5 shows a schematic, alternative perspective view of the calcining system according to the embodiment shown in Figures 3 and 4;

[0227] Fig. 6 shows a schematic side view of the calcining system with three conveying devices arranged in a cascade formation according to the embodiment shown in Figure 1;

[0228] Fig. 7 shows a schematic, perspective view of the calcining system with two conveying devices arranged in a cascade formation according to the embodiment shown in Figure 1;

[0229] Fig. 8 shows a schematic side view of the calcining system according to a further preferred embodiment;

[0230] Fig. 9 shows a schematic, perspective view of a substance-carrying carrier platform of the calcining system according to the embodiment shown in Figure 1, in which plowing means and a homogenizing device are shown;

[0231] Fig. 10 is a schematic, perspective view of the plowing means according to the embodiment shown in Figure 9; AD 43588 16.12.2025

[0232] Fig. 11 shows a schematic, perspective view of a segment of a substance carrier of the calcining system according to the embodiment shown in Figure 1;

[0233] Fig. 12 shows a schematic side view of the calcining system according to an alternative embodiment, wherein two conveying devices form a substance cycle; and

[0234] Fig. 13 shows an alternative view of the calcining system according to Figure 12.

[0235] Detailed description of the implementation examples

[0236] The described embodiments are merely examples that can be modified and / or supplemented in various ways within the scope of the claims. Each feature described for a particular embodiment can be used independently or in combination with other features in any other embodiment. Each feature described for an embodiment of a particular claim category can also be used accordingly in an embodiment of a different claim category.

[0237] It should be noted that the exemplary embodiments are schematic representations. This means that there may be inaccuracies and / or omissions in the drawings, which a person skilled in the art will recognize and be able to complete independently using the aspects suggested here.

[0238] Figure 1 shows an exemplary calcining system 1 for the thermal treatment of a substance 12. The calcining system 1 comprises at least one conveying device 14 with a main extension axis H, wherein preferably the main extension axis H comprises all axes parallel to the central main axis, so that the extension is meant as a singular axis.

[0239] According to Figures 6 and 7, three and two are examples respectively.

[0240] Conveyor units 14 are proposed, arranged in a cascade configuration (AD 43588 16.12.2025). This is preferred and not limiting. More conveyor units 14 are also possible, for example four, five or six.

[0241] The at least one conveying device 14, preferably each conveying device 14, has at least one heat treatment volume 18 heated by a heating device 16 during the heat treatment with a heating temperature TH and a cooling volume 20 arranged below the heat treatment volume 18 with a cooling temperature T_K. This is particularly evident in the exemplary figures 1 to 3. During the heat treatment, the heating temperature TH is higher than the cooling temperature T_K.

[0242] The at least one conveying device 14, preferably each conveying device 14, has a receiving device 22 configured to receive the substance 12 and convey it, at least indirectly, into the heat treatment volume 18. The receiving device 22 is shown by way of example in Figures 1, 6 and 7.

[0243] The at least one conveying device 14, preferably each conveying device 14, has a discharge device 24 which is arranged along the main axis H away from the receiving device 22 and is configured to discharge the substance 12 after the heat treatment onto a circulation system 68 designed as a transverse conveyor 78. The discharge can either be into another conveying device 14 or, after completion of the heat treatment, completely out of the calcining system 1. The discharge device 24 is shown by way of example in Figures 6 and 7.

[0244] The at least one conveying device 14, preferably each conveying device 14, has an endless belt device 26 with an upper section 28 and a lower section 30.

[0245] The upper run 28 is movable along the main extension axis H in a conveying direction F from a first run transfer device 32.1 to a second run transfer device 32.2. AD 43588 16.12.2025

[0246] The conveying direction F extends parallel to the main extension axis H and leads from the receiving device 22 to the delivery device 24.

[0247] The upper section 28 is designed to convey the substance 12, which is received by the receiving device 22 and conveyed to the upper section 28, for thermal treatment in the thermal treatment volume 18.

[0248] In other words, the upper section 28 runs and conveys the substance 12 during the thermal treatment on the upper section 28 in conveying direction F.

[0249] The lower section 30 is movable in the cooling volume 20 along the main extension axis H in a return direction R opposite to the conveying direction F from the second section transition device 32.2 to the first section transition device 32.1, corresponding to the upper section 28.

[0250] Since the endless belt device 26 is designed as an endless belt and in particular consists of the upper section 28 and the lower section 30, which are stretched between the section transition devices 32.1, 32.2, the upper section 28 and the lower section 30 necessarily run the same distance in opposite directions.

[0251] The at least one conveying device 14, preferably each conveying device 14, has a housing system 34, 36, 38.1, 38.2, 40.1, 40.2 comprising an upper housing section 34, a lower housing section 36, two side housing sections 38.1, 38.2 and two impulse housing sections 40. The housing system 34, 36, 38.1, 38.2, 40.1, 40.2 is shown in particular in Figures 1 to 7.

[0252] The continuous belt assembly 26 is essentially enclosed during the heat treatment, wherein the continuous belt assembly 26 is designed as a substance carrier 58, which is composed of segments 58.1 that are arranged with at least no gaps between them during the heat treatment. Simultaneously, the calcining system 10 has a substance mixing system 68, 70, 72, which is configured to mix the substance 12. Components of the substance mixing system 68, 70, 72, 74 (AD 43588 16.12.2025) are, as described below, a cascade of conveying devices 14 and a circulation system 68, for example comprising at least one or more roller devices 70, one or more ploughing devices 72 and / or one or more homogenizing devices 74.

[0253] Figure 2, in particular, shows that the upper housing section 34, the lower housing section 36, and the two side housing sections 38.1, 38.2 form a substantially closed, rectangular profile in cross-section along the main axis H. The fact that an enclosure 46 is embedded in the upper housing section 34 is encompassed by the phrase "substantially".

[0254] As shown by way of example in Figure 6, the first and the last conveying device 14 each have an air sealing device 41, for example rotary valves. Preferably, the air sealing devices 41 are designed to thermally insulate the receiving device 22 and the discharge device 24, in particular adjustable form, from their environment.

[0255] As shown by way of example, the heat treatment volume 18 borders the upper housing section 34 and the cooling volume 20 borders the lower housing section 36.

[0256] As shown by way of example in Figures 1 to 4, the conveying device 14 shown has a substantially continuous thermal separation layer system 42 between the heat treatment volume 18 and the cooling volume 20 along the main extension axis H.

[0257] The thermal separation layer system 42 is formed at least by the upper section 28 and / or by an insulating surface structure 44.

[0258] The insulating surface structure 44 extends along the main extension axis H and transversely to the main extension axis H essentially as a triangular arc shape with a projection vertex PSP, see Figure 2. AD 43588 16.12.2025

[0259] The triangular arc shape is designed such that the projection vertex PSP is oriented towards the upper housing section 34, i.e., the triangular shape essentially points upwards.

[0260] Preferably, the insulating surface structure 44 is designed such that it opens into the two side housing sections 38.1, 38.2 or into the lower housing section 36 in order to substantially enclose the cooling volume 20 together with the lower housing section 36.

[0261] The above aspects preferably enable improved heat distribution, so that the heat treatment volume 18 and the cooling volume 20 are arranged in such a way that the lower section 30 is subjected to as little heat stress as possible and the failure times of the calcining system 1 are thus reduced.

[0262] At least one conveying device 14, preferably each conveying device 14, has or have an enclosure 46 arranged on the upper housing section 34 and extending along the main extension axis H in order to substantially enclose the heat treatment volume 18 together with the upper section 28.

[0263] As illustrated by example in Figure 2, the heating device 16 is arranged inside the housing 46 at the top and has a shorter length on both the inside and outside, transverse to the main axis H, than the upper housing section 34. As shown by example in Figure 2, the heat treatment volume 18 is thus contained in a smaller, self-contained volume than would be the case without the housing 46, so that the heat treatment volume 18, and thus the heat treatment itself, can be controlled better and faster, resulting in a higher quality end product.

[0264] At least one conveying device 14, preferably each conveying device 14, has or have an intermediate volume 48 with an intermediate temperature TZ between the upper heat treatment volume 18 and the lower cooling volume 20. AD 43588 16.12.2025

[0265] The intermediate temperature TZ during the heat treatment is a value between the heating temperature TH and the cooling temperature T_K. In other words, the temperature of the volumes decreases steadily from top to bottom. This can be due to heat flow. Alternatively, the intermediate temperature TZ in intermediate volume 48 could be a mixture of the actively heated heat treatment volume 18 and the actively cooled cooling volume 20. Like all features, this feature can also be independent of the other features.

[0266] At least one conveying device 14, preferably each conveying device 14, has or have a first and a second volume separation device.

[0267] The first volume separation device separates the upper heat treatment volume 18 from the intermediate volume 48, and the second volume separation device separates the lower cooling volume 20 from the intermediate volume 48.

[0268] The thermal separation layer system 42 comprises at least two volume separation devices, wherein the upper section 28 is the first volume separation device and the insulating surface structure 44 is the second volume separation device.

[0269] In particular, and regardless of other features, the intermediate volume 48 can include air exchange means, especially air supply means and / or air discharge means, for example, to discharge hot air and / or supply cooling air. These air exchange means can be arranged on one or both side housing sections 38.1, 38.2 and / or on the upper housing section 34, with other arrangement locations also being possible alternatively or additionally. The air exchange means are not shown with their own reference numeral in this illustration, but are shown by way of example in the upper region of the side housing section 38.1 shown on the right in Figure 1. Both the air supply means and the air discharge means have an exemplary rectangular structure. AD 43588 16.12.2025

[0270] As can be seen by way of example in Figure 2, the endless belt device 26 has a support structure 50 which in this case is indirectly supported via a crossbeam 52 on both side housing sections 38.1, 38.2 of the housing system 34, 36, 38.1, 38.2, 40.1, 40.2.

[0271] Furthermore, the endless belt device 26 comprises a support structure 54 with endless belt motion elements 56. The endless belt motion elements 56 are preferably rollers 56.1 and traction elements 56.2, the latter being, for example, chain elements. The endless belt motion elements 56 are designed to move the support structure 54 along the abutment structure 50.

[0272] Furthermore, the endless belt device 26 has a substance carrier 58 which is designed to convey the substance 12 for heat treatment along the heat treatment volume 18 and which is connected to the support structure 54.

[0273] As can be deduced in particular from Figure 12, the substance carrier 58 is composed of segments 58.1 which are arranged successively without gaps to each other, particularly preferably overlapping, during the heat treatment.

[0274] The substance carrier 58 has at least one segment 58.1, preferably all segments 58.1, with a substance receiving form. The substance receiving form is essentially U-shaped, as shown in Figure 12. The irregularities, such as those partially present in Figure 12, for example steps 59 and projections 61, are integral parts of the U-shape. Other irregularities would also not alter the U-shape, provided the substance 12 is secured further downwards and laterally for transport, for example by a downwardly bulging support platform 60.

[0275] This support platform 60 is encompassed by the substance receiving form and is a horizontally extending support platform 60 with two lateral longitudinal edges 57 parallel to the main extension axis H. AD 43588 16.12.2025

[0276] The support platform 60 comprises successive stages 59, preferably at least one stage 59 per segment 58.1.

[0277] Each stage extends horizontally, essentially transversely to the main axis of extension H, with each segment 58.1 having a stage 59, an upper level 59.1, and a lower level 59.2. The upper level 59.1 is located at the front in the conveying direction F.

[0278] Furthermore, the substance receiving form comprises two vertically extending vertical planks 62.1, 62.2, each arranged on one of the two longitudinal edges 57. Likewise, the support platform 60 has successive projections 61, with each segment 58.1 having at least one projection 61 per vertical plank 62.1, 62.2. Each projection 61 extends horizontally, substantially transversely to the main axis of extension H.

[0279] In simplified and different terms, but not limitingly, a substance carrier 58 has, in a cross-section with respect to the main extension axis H, a support platform 60 horizontally and two vertical planks 62.1, 62.2 vertically. The support platform 60 and the vertical planks 62.1, 62.2 intersect at the two longitudinal edges 57.

[0280] Particularly as can be seen in Figures 2 to 5, the enclosure 46 is designed to be open towards the substance carrier 58 and has a receiving shape corresponding to the vertical planks 62.1, 62.2 with two vertical webs 64.1, 64.2. This configuration limits the heat treatment volume 18.

[0281] Here, the vertical planks 62.1, 62.2 and the vertical webs 64.1, 64.2 are designed such that their horizontal spacing is selected to prevent them from touching each other during the heat treatment and to minimize heat loss through gaps. This ensures that the heat treatment volume 18 is largely thermally insulated, while the upper section 28 remains movable.

[0282] Likewise, the vertical planks 62.1, 62.2 and the vertical webs 64.1, 64.2 are arranged essentially parallel to each other. AD 43588 16.12.2025

[0283] As can be seen from the totality of the figures, the endless belt motion means 56 are arranged vertically below the heat treatment volume 18 and horizontally outwards transverse to the main extension axis H by a horizontal distance HA offset from the heat treatment volume 18.

[0284] With reference to Figure 12, it can be seen that the horizontal distance HA of the offset of each endless belt moving means 56 to the heat treatment volume 18 corresponds at least to the length LB of a corresponding endless belt moving means 56 in the same axis or in the longitudinal extension direction of the substance carrier segment 58.1.

[0285] Particularly preferably, the horizontal distance HA of the offset of each endless belt motion means 56 to the heat treatment volume 18 is at least 5 percent, preferably at least 7 percent and most preferably at least 10 percent of the main horizontal extent of the segment 58.1 transverse to the main extent axis H.

[0286] Equally preferably, the horizontal distance HA of the offset of each endless belt motion means 56 to the heat treatment volume 18 is at most 30 percent, preferably at most 25 percent and with particular preference at most 15 percent of the main horizontal extent of the segment 58.1 transverse to the main extent axis H.

[0287] Preferably the horizontal distance HA of the endless belt motion means 56, preferably traction means 56.2, particularly preferably chains, to the substance carrier 58 at the nearest edges is at least 80 millimeters including 120 millimeters and / or at most 180 millimeters including 120 millimeters, preferably at most 120 millimeters including 120 millimeters.

[0288] In particular, the substance carrier 58 can be screwed onto the support structure 54 as a cell carrier, wherein the support structure 54 preferably consists of two sheet metal units spaced apart from each other by vertical ribs. AD 43588 16.12.2025

[0289] The air gap formed between the two sheet metal units reduces the thermal conductivity and thus the heat transfer to the endless belt moving element 56, preferably to the traction element 56.2, particularly preferably to the chain.

[0290] Endless belt conveying means 56, preferably traction means 56.2, particularly preferably chain elements, can be screwed onto the lower sheet metal unit and rollers 56.1 can be mounted between the two sheet metal units.

[0291] The endless belt motion means 56, preferably traction means 56.2, particularly preferably chains, are arranged laterally offset to the substance carrier 58, and thus also to the hot heat treatment volume 18.

[0292] At least one conveying device 14, preferably each conveying device 14, has a thermotreatment volume gas flow system 66, 66.1, 66.2 for gas exchange in the thermotreatment volume 18 as shown in Figure 1.

[0293] The thermotreating volume gas flow system 66, 66.1, 66.2 each has at least one or more thermotreating volume gas inlet regulators 66.1 and at least one or more thermotreating volume gas outlet regulators 66.2.

[0294] The thermotreatment volume gas inlet regulator 66.1 is designed to feed gas, for example inert gas or combustion gas, into the thermotreatment volume 18.

[0295] The thermotreatment volume gas discharge regulator 66.2 is designed to discharge gas, for example oxygen-containing or moisture-containing gas, from the thermotreatment volume 18.

[0296] As shown in Figure 1, the thermotreatment volume gas flow system 66, 66.1, 66.2 is arranged on the housing 46 for gas exchange in the thermotreatment volume 18. AD 43588 16.12.2025

[0297] At least one conveying device 14, preferably each conveying device 14, has a cooling volume gas flow system 67, 67.1, 67.2 for gas exchange in the cooling volume 20 as shown in Figure 1.

[0298] The cooling volume gas flow system 67, 67.1, 67.2 each has at least one cooling volume gas inlet regulator 67.1 and at least one cooling volume gas outlet regulator 67.2.

[0299] The cooling volume gas inlet regulator 67.1 is designed to feed gas, for example inert gas or cooling gas below a defined cooling gas temperature, into the cooling volume 20.

[0300] The cooling volume gas discharge regulator 67.2 is designed to discharge gas, for example inert gas or cooling gas above a defined cooling gas temperature, from the cooling volume 20.

[0301] As can be seen in Figure 1, the cooling volume gas flow system 67, 67.1, 67.2 is arranged on a side housing section 38.1 for gas exchange in the cooling volume 20, whereby alternatively, by way of example, both side housing sections 38.1, 38.2 can also have a cooling volume gas flow system 67, 67.1, 67.2.

[0302] It can also be provided, independently of other features, that the cooling volume gas inlet regulator 67.1 is provided on one side case section 38.1 and the cooling volume gas outlet regulator 67.2 is provided on the other side case section 38.2.

[0303] Figure 2 shows that the volume of the heat treatment volume 18 is smaller than the volume of the cooling volume 20 and the volume of the intermediate volume 48.

[0304] At least one conveying device 14, preferably each conveying device 14, has at least one circulation system 68 for mixing the substance 12, as shown in Figure 8. Each conveying device 14 may also have several circulation systems 68, for example two, three or four. This is independent of the other features.

[0305] The at least one circulation system 68 has at least one stationary ploughing means 72 for the housing system 34, 36, 38.1, 38.2, 40.1, 40.2, which is designed in such a way that it circulates the substance 12 conveyed on the upper run 28 in the conveying direction F.

[0306] Examples of the plowing means 72 are shown in Figure 10, wherein preferably several plowing means 72 are present, which are distributed in particular transversely to the main extension axis H over the upper section 28 in order to comb a high proportion of the substance 12 distributed on the upper section 28 or to reposition it for the purpose of homogeneous heat treatment.

[0307] The at least one circulation system 68 has at least one roller device 70, the axis of rotation of which is arranged transversely to the main axis of extension H. In particular, the substance under the roller device 70 is further mixed by the rotation of the roller device 70.

[0308] The peripheral speed of the at least one roller device 70 is about 10 percent, preferably about 15 percent, particularly preferably about 20 percent, most preferably about 25 percent greater than the conveying speed of the endless belt device 26.

[0309] The conveying speed of the endless belt device 26 is at least 0.03 m / s, preferably at least 0.05 m / s.

[0310] The conveying speed of the endless belt device 26 is at most inclusive of 0.3 m / s, preferably at most inclusive of 0.2 m / s, particularly preferably at most inclusive of 0.1 m / s.

[0311] The at least one roller device 70 has a radially extending paddle construction, wherein a small rectangle at the end of the corresponding stirring rod construction is indicated as the paddle. AD 43588 16.12.2025

[0312] At least one conveying device 14, preferably each conveying device 14, has at least one homogenizing device 74 as shown in Figure 9.

[0313] The homogenizing device 74 is arranged in the conveying direction F after the at least one circulation system 68, wherein the homogenizing device 74 is in particular designed as a crossbeam structure.

[0314] The at least one homogenization device 74 is designed to homogenize the distribution of the substance 12 circulated by the circulation system 68 on the upper section 28.

[0315] According to Figures 6 and 7, the calcining system 10 has at least two, three or more successive conveying devices 14 which are arranged in a cascade form as a substance mixing system.

[0316] The discharge device 24 of the at least one preceding conveying device 14 is connected at least indirectly to the receiving device 22 of the at least one subsequent conveying device 14 for the vertical conveying of the substance 12, for example via a chute construction 76.

[0317] Preferably, the chute construction 76 is designed to be essentially gap-free and / or airtight to the outside, so that no heat dissipates into the environment.

[0318] The cascade shape is designed such that the principal axis of extension H to the horizon essentially forms an angle α, α of at least -5 degrees, preferably at least 0 degrees, particularly preferably at least 10 degrees, and most preferably at least 20 degrees. With regard to the present embodiments, it should be noted that no negative or neutral angle is shown.

[0319] The cascade shape is further designed such that the main extension axis H to the horizon essentially encloses an angle α, α of a maximum of 40 degrees, preferably a maximum of 30 degrees, particularly preferably a maximum of 28 degrees, and most preferably a maximum of 25 degrees.

[0320] The procedure includes at least one uptake of substance 12 by means of the uptake device 22.

[0321] Furthermore, the process includes conveying the substance 12 on the upper section 28 along the main extension axis H. In this process, the substance 12 is conveyed at least partially through the heated heat treatment volume 18 for thermal treatment.

[0322] Preferably, the substance 12 is mixed at least by means of the at least one circulation system 68.

[0323] The procedure also includes the dispensing of substance 12 using the dispensing device 24.

[0324] Preferably, at least one mixing of the substance 12 takes place by the vertical conveying of the substance 12, in particular as shown in Figure 6 essentially as free fall, from the dispensing device 24 of the at least one preceding conveying device 14 into the receiving device 22 of the at least one subsequent conveying device 14.

[0325] Figure 11 shows an exemplary, schematic, perspective view of a segment 58.1 of a substance carrier 58 of the calcining system 10.

[0326] Figures 12 and 13 show an exemplary embodiment from two perspectives, each with a circulation system 68 for mixing the substance 12, wherein the at least one circulation system 68 is designed and arranged as a transverse conveyor 78, in particular as a screw conveyor, with a transverse conveyor main extension axis Q such that the substance 12 can be discharged from the dispensing device 24, at least indirectly, preferably directly, onto the transverse conveyor 78, wherein the main extension axis H and the AD 43588 16.12.2025

[0327] The main axis Q of the transverse conveyor must be at an angle to each other, at least on a horizontal projection plane. The main axis H and the main axis Q of the transverse conveyor can be perpendicular to each other, at least on a horizontal projection plane. In other words, the conveying device 14 and the transverse conveyor 78 are preferably at a right angle to each other horizontally. In the vertical projection plane, the one or more transverse conveyors 78 extend, regardless of other features, such that the transverse conveyor 78 extends from the respective discharge device 24 to the desired outlet of the corresponding transverse conveyor 78.

[0328] Figures 12 and 13 show that the calcining system 10 has two successive conveying units 14, which are arranged in a cascade configuration as a substance mixing system. The discharge unit 24 of the preceding conveying unit 14 is indirectly connected to the receiving unit 22 of the corresponding subsequent conveying unit 14 via transverse conveyors 78 for conveying, in particular horizontally and vertically, the substance 12.

[0329] Preferably, the transverse conveyor 78 is designed to be essentially gap-free and airtight to the outside.

[0330] Figures 12 and 13 show that the cascade shape is designed such that the principal axis of extension H to the horizon from above essentially encloses an angle a, alpha of at least 10 degrees, and wherein the cascade shape is designed such that the principal axis of extension H to the horizon from above essentially encloses an angle a, alpha of at most 40 degrees.

[0331] The cascade form of the conveying devices (14) and cross conveyors is designed such that both conveying devices 14 are connected to each other via the cross conveyors 78 in such a way that they form a meander shape.

[0332] The side housing sections 38.1, 38.2 of the corresponding conveying devices 14 run parallel to each other. AD 43588 16.12.2025

[0333] As can be seen in Figures 12 and 13, the two conveying devices 14 form a material cycle in the shape of a rectangle. For those skilled in the art, this description refers to the contour when viewed from above, i.e., from the calcining system or the material cycle. The at least two conveying devices 14 and the at least two transverse conveyors 78 can, in principle, also form any polygon or quadrilateral. A circular or oval shape is considered a polygon with a corresponding number of vertices if one considers the circle or ellipse as a limiting case of a polygon with infinitely many sides.

[0334] The substance cycle proceeds in such a way that the substance 12 is fed into the first conveying device 14 via the receiving device 22, runs along the endless belt device 26 and is discharged from the first conveying device 14 via the discharge device 24.

[0335] Thus, the substance 12 is taken up from the dispensing device 24 of the first conveying device 14 by a transverse conveyor 78, in particular designed as a screw conveyor, and conveyed to the receiving device 22 of the second conveying device 14.

[0336] Subsequently, the substance 12 is fed into the second conveying device 14 via the receiving device 22, runs along the endless belt device 26 and is discharged from the second conveying device 14 via the discharge device 24.

[0337] Subsequently, the substance 12 is picked up by a transverse conveyor 78, in particular designed as a screw conveyor, and conveyed to the receiving device 22 of the first conveying device 14.

[0338] The calcining system 10 can identifiably have a substance feeding device 80, in particular designed as a chute. The first conveying device 14 has two receiving devices 22, wherein the first receiving device 22 is designed to feed the substance 12 into the calcining system 10 via the substance feeding device 80, and wherein the second receiving device 22 is designed to receive the substance 12 from the second conveying device 14 via the transverse conveyor 78.

[0339] It is preferable if one or both of the cross conveyors 78 are designed, for example, to swivel and feed substance 12 from the calcining system 10. Other substance feeding systems are also possible, regardless of the above features.

[0340] As can be seen in Figures 12 and 13, the main extension axis H and the transverse conveyor main extension axis Q are located at least on one

[0341] The projection plane is set at an angle β, β to each other. It is irrelevant from which side the angle β, β is drawn. The only relevant factor is that the principal extension axis H and the transverse conveyor principal extension axis Q are not coaxial. Thus, this claimed formulation is an alternative formulation for the absence of coaxiality between the principal extension axis H and the transverse conveyor principal extension axis Q. Alternatively, and independently of other features, such axiality can also be provided and combined with all the features of the presented calcining system 10.

[0342] The formulation that the main extension axis H and the main extension axis Q of the transverse conveyor are at least on a horizontal projection plane at an angle β, β to each other means that not only a horizontal angle but also a vertical angle can exist. This definition applies regardless of the other features of this embodiment.

[0343] AD 43588 16.12.2025

[0344] Reference number list

[0345] 10 Calcining system

[0346] 12 substances

[0347] 14 Funding facility

[0348] 16 Heating system

[0349] 18 heat treatment volumes

[0350] 20 cooling volume

[0351] 22 Reception facility

[0352] 24 Delivery facility

[0353] 26 Endless belt device

[0354] 28 Obertrumm

[0355] 30 Lower Trumpet

[0356] 32.1 First log transfer device

[0357] 32.2 Second section transition device

[0358] 34 Upper housing section

[0359] 36 Lower housing section

[0360] 38.1 First side case section

[0361] 38.2 Second side case section

[0362] 40.1 First end case section

[0363] 40.2 Second end case section

[0364] 41 Air sealing agents

[0365] 42 Thermal separation layer system

[0366] 44 Insulation surface structure

[0367] 46 Enclosure

[0368] 48 Intermediate volumes

[0369] 50 abutment structure

[0370] 52 crossbeams

[0371] 54 Support structure

[0372] 56 Endless belt motion devices

[0373] 56.1 Role

[0374] 56.2 Traction equipment

[0375] 57 Longitudinal edge AD 43588 12 / 16 / 2025

[0376] 58 substance carriers

[0377] 58.1 Segment

[0378] Level 59

[0379] 59.1 Upper elevation level of the step

[0380] 59.2 Lower elevation level of the step

[0381] 60 Carrier platform

[0382] 61 lead

[0383] 62.1 First vertical plank

[0384] 62.2 Second vertical plank

[0385] 64.1 First Vertical Bridge

[0386] 64.2 Second Vertical Bridge

[0387] 66 Thermal treatment volume gas flow system

[0388] 66.1 Heat treatment volume gas inlet regulator

[0389] 66.2 Heat treatment volume gas outlet regulator

[0390] 67 Cooling volume gas flow system

[0391] 67.1 Cooling gas inlet regulator

[0392] 67.2 Cooling gas outlet regulator

[0393] 68 Circulation system

[0394] 70 roller device

[0395] 72 Ploughing aids

[0396] 74 Homogenizing device

[0397] 76 Chute construction

[0398] 78 cross conveyors

[0399] 80 Substance feeding device alpha abbreviated as a, angle of the principal extension axis to the horizon beta abbreviated as ß, angle between the principal extension axis and the

[0400] Cross conveyor main extension axis

[0401] F Conveyor direction

[0402] H Main axis of extension

[0403] HA Horizontal distance

[0404] LB Length of an endless belt motion device AD ​​43588 16.12.2025

[0405] PSP projection vertex

[0406] Q Cross conveyor main extension axis

[0407] R Return direction

[0408] TH Heating temperature T_K Cooling temperature

[0409] TZ Intermediate temperature

Claims

AD 43588 16.12.2025 Claims 1. Calcining system for the thermal treatment of a substance (12), comprising at least one conveying device (14) with a main extension axis (H); the conveying device (14) comprising at least one thermal treatment volume (18) heated during the thermal treatment by a heating device (16) with a heating temperature (TH) and a cooling volume (20) arranged below the thermal treatment volume (18) with a cooling temperature (T_K), wherein during the thermal treatment the heating temperature (TH) is greater than the cooling temperature (T_K); a receiving device (22) configured to receive the substance (12) and convey it at least indirectly into the thermal treatment volume (18); a dispensing device (24) arranged along the main extension axis (H) away from the receiving device (22) and configured to dispense the substance (12) after the thermal treatment;an endless belt device (26) with an upper section (28) and a lower section (30); wherein the upper section (28) is movable along the main extension axis (H) in a conveying direction (F) from a first section transfer device (32.1) to a second section transfer device (32.2) and wherein the upper section (28) is configured to convey the substance (12) received by the receiving device (22) and conveyed onto the upper section (28) for heat treatment in the heat treatment volume (18); wherein the lower section (30) is movable in the cooling volume (20) in a return direction (R) opposite to the conveying direction (F) from the second section transfer device (32.2) to the first section transfer device (32.1), corresponding to the upper section (28);a housing system (34, 36, 38.1, 38.2, 40.1, 40.2), comprising an upper housing section (34), a lower housing section (36), at least two side housing sections (38.1, 38.2) and at least two stimulator housing sections (40); comprising the calcining system (10); AD 43588 16.12.2025 at least one circulation system (68) for mixing the substance (12), wherein the at least one circulation system (68) is designed as a transverse conveyor (78), in particular as a screw conveyor and / or is arranged in particular after the discharge device (24), with a transverse conveyor main extension axis (Q) such that the substance (12) can be discharged from the discharge device (24) onto the transverse conveyor (78), wherein in particular the transverse conveyor (78) transports the substance (12) along the transverse conveyor main extension axis (Q) and actively mixes it.

2. Calcining system according to claim 1, wherein the endless belt device (26) is substantially closed during the heat treatment, wherein the endless belt device (26) is preferably designed as a substance carrier (58) composed of segments (58.1) which are arranged successively without gaps to one another, particularly preferably overlapping, during the heat treatment; wherein the calcining system (10) has a substance mixing system (68, 70, 72) configured to mix the substance (12).

3. Calcining system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the upper housing section (34), the lower housing section (36) and the two side housing sections (38.1, 38.2) form a substantially closed, in particular rectangular, profile in cross-section with respect to the main extension axis (H); wherein the conveying device (14) preferably has at least one air sealing means (41), in particular one or more rotary valves, wherein the at least one air sealing means (41) is configured to thermally insulate the receiving device (22) and / or the dispensing device (24), in particular adjustable, from its surroundings; and / or wherein the heat treatment volume (18) preferably borders the upper housing section (34) and / or the cooling volume (20) borders the lower housing section (36). AD 43588 16.12.2025 4. Calcining system according to at least one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one conveying device (14) between the heat treatment volume (18) and the cooling volume (20) along the main extension axis (H) has at least one, in particular substantially continuous, thermal separation layer system (42); wherein preferably the thermal separation layer system (42) is formed at least by the upper section (28) and / or by an insulating surface structure (44).

5. Calcining system according to the preceding claim, wherein the insulating surface structure (44) extends along the main extension axis (H) and transversely to the main extension axis (H) is essentially formed as a plane, arc or triangular arc shape with a projection vertex (PSP); wherein preferably the triangular arc shape is formed such that the projection vertex (PSP) is oriented towards the upper housing section (34); and / or wherein preferably the insulating surface structure (44) is formed such that it opens into the two side housing sections (38.1, 38.2) or into the lower housing section (36) in order to substantially enclose the cooling volume (20) together with the lower housing section (36).

6. Calcining system according to at least one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one conveying device (14) has an enclosure (46) arranged on the upper housing section (34) and extending along the main extension axis (H) in order to substantially enclose the heat treatment volume (18) together with the upper section (28); wherein preferably the heating device (16) is arranged in the enclosure (46), particularly preferably on the inside at the top; and / or wherein preferably the enclosure (46) has a shorter length on the inside and / or outside transversely to the main extension axis (H) than the upper housing section (34). AD 43588 16.12.2025 7. Calcining system according to at least one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one conveying device (14) has an intermediate volume (48) with an intermediate temperature (TZ) between the upper heat treatment volume (18) and the lower cooling volume (20), wherein the intermediate temperature (TZ) during the heat treatment is a value between the heating temperature (TH) and the cooling temperature (T_K); wherein the at least one conveying device (14) has at least a first and a second volume separation device, wherein the first volume separation device separates the upper heat treatment volume (18) from the intermediate volume (48) and wherein the second volume separation device separates the lower cooling volume (20) from the intermediate volume (48);wherein the calcining system (10) is particularly preferably a calcining system (10) according to at least one of claims 4 to 6, and wherein the thermal separation layer system (42) particularly preferably comprises the at least two volume separation devices, wherein the upper section (28) is particularly preferably the first volume separation device and the insulating surface structure (44) is the second volume separation device.

8. Calcining system according to at least one of the preceding claims, wherein the endless belt assembly (26) comprises: a support structure (50) which is supported at least indirectly, for example via crossbeams (52), on the housing system (34, 36, 38.1, 38.2, 40.1, 40.2), in particular on both side housing sections (38.1, 38.2); a support structure (54) with endless belt moving means (56), preferably with rollers (56.1) and / or traction means (56.2), particularly preferably chain means, wherein the endless belt moving means (56) are configured to move the support structure (54) along the support structure (50); a substance carrier (58) which is configured to convey the substance (12) for heat treatment in the heat treatment volume (18) and which is connected to the support structure (54). AD 43588 16.12.2025 wherein preferably the substance carrier (58) is composed of segments (58.1) which are arranged successively without gaps to each other, particularly preferably overlapping, during the heat treatment.

9. Calcining system according to the preceding claim, wherein the substance carrier (58) has at least one segment (58.1) with a substance receiving shape, wherein in particular the substance receiving shape is essentially U-shaped; the substance receiving shape having a horizontally extending support platform (60) with two lateral longitudinal edges (57) parallel to the main extension axis (H), wherein the support platform (60) has successive steps (59), preferably at least one step (59) per segment (58.1), wherein each step (59) extends horizontally essentially transversely to the main extension axis (H), wherein preferably each segment (58.1) with a step (59) has an upper height level (59.1) and a lower height level (59.2), wherein the upper height level (59.1) is arranged at the front in the conveying direction (F); two vertically extending vertical planks (62.1, 62.1) each arranged on one of the two longitudinal edges (57).2), wherein the support platform (60) has successive projections (61), preferably at least one projection (61) per vertical plank (62.1, 62.2) of each segment (58.1), each projection (61) extending horizontally substantially transversely to the principal extension axis (H). AD 43588 16.12.2025 10. Calcining system according to one of claims 6 or 7 and according to the preceding claim, wherein the housing (46) is designed to be open towards the substance carrier (58) and has a receiving form corresponding with the vertical planks (62.1, 62.2) with two vertical webs (64.1, 64.2), wherein preferably the vertical planks (62.1, 62.2) and the vertical webs (64.1, 64.2) are designed such that their horizontal distance is selected so that they do not touch each other during the heat treatment and gap-related heat loss is as low as possible; and / or wherein preferably the vertical planks (62.1, 62.2) and the vertical webs (64.1, 64.2) are arranged substantially parallel to each other.

11. Calcining system according to at least one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the endless belt motion means (56) are arranged vertically below the heat treatment volume (18) and horizontally outwards transversely to the main extension axis (H) by a horizontal distance (HA) offset from the heat treatment volume (18); wherein preferably the horizontal distance (HA) of the offset of each endless belt motion means (56) to the heat treatment volume (18) corresponds at least to the length (LB) of a corresponding endless belt motion means (56) in the longitudinal extension direction of the substance carrier segment (58.1), and / or wherein preferably the horizontal distance (HA) of the offset of each endless belt motion means (56) to the heat treatment volume (18) is at least 5 percent, preferably at least 7 percent, and most preferably at least 10 percent of the main horizontal extension of the segment (58.1).1) transverse to the principal extension axis (H); and / or wherein preferably the horizontal distance (HA) of the offset of each endless belt motion means (56) to the heat treatment volume (18) is at most 30 percent, preferably at most 25 percent and with particular preference at most 15 percent of the horizontal principal extension of the segment (58.1) transverse to the principal extension axis (H). AD 43588 16.12.2025 12. Calcining system according to at least one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one conveying device (14) comprises a thermotreatment volume gas flow system (66, 66.1, 66.2) for gas exchange in the thermotreatment volume (18), the thermotreatment volume gas flow system (66, 66.1, 66.2) comprising at least one thermotreatment volume gas inlet regulator (66.1) and at least one thermotreatment volume gas outlet regulator (66.2), wherein the thermotreatment volume gas inlet regulator (66.1) is configured to feed gas, for example inert gas or combustion gas, into the thermotreatment volume (18), and wherein the thermotreatment volume gas outlet regulator (66.2) is designed to feed gas, for example oxygen-containing or moisture-containing gas, out of the thermotreatment volume (18); wherein preferably the calcining system (10) is a calcining system (10) according to at least one of claims 6 to 11, wherein the thermotreatment volume gas flow system (66, 66.1, 66.2) is particularly preferably arranged on the housing (46) for gas exchange in the thermotreatment volume (18).

13. Calcining system according to at least one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one conveying device (14) comprises a cooling volume gas flow system (67, 67.1, 67.2) for gas exchange in the cooling volume (20), the cooling volume gas flow system (67, 67.1, 67.2) comprising at least one cooling volume gas inlet regulator (67.1) and at least one cooling volume gas outlet regulator (67.2), wherein the cooling volume gas inlet regulator (67.1) is configured to feed gas, for example inert gas or cooling gas with a defined cooling gas temperature, into the cooling volume (20), and wherein the cooling volume gas outlet regulator (67.2) is configured to discharge gas, for example inert gas or cooling gas with a temperature above the defined cooling gas temperature, from the cooling volume (20); AD 43588 16.12.2025 wherein preferably the calcining system (10) is a calcining system (10) according to at least one of claims 5 to 12, wherein the cooling volume gas flow system (67, 67.1, 67.2) is particularly preferably arranged on the lower housing section (36) or on one or both side housing sections (38.1, 38.2) for gas exchange in the cooling volume (20).

14. Calcining system according to at least one of the preceding claims, wherein the volume of the heat treatment volume (18) is smaller than the volume of the cooling volume (20) and / or the volume of the intermediate volume (48).

15. Calcining system according to at least one of the preceding claims, wherein the calcining system (10), in particular the at least one conveying device (14), comprises at least one further circulation system (68) for mixing the substance (12) as a substance mixing system; and / or wherein preferably the at least one further circulation system (68) comprises at least one stationary ploughing means (72) relative to the housing system (34, 36, 38.1, 38.2, 40.1, 40.2), which is designed such that it circulates the substance (12) conveyed on the upper run (28) in the conveying direction (F);and / or wherein preferably the at least one further circulation system (68) has at least one roller device (70) whose axis of rotation is arranged transversely to the main extension axis (H), wherein the calcining system (10), in particular the at least one conveying device (14), is designed such that the circumferential speed of the at least one roller device (70) is about 10 percent, preferably about 15 percent, particularly preferably about 20 percent, and most preferably about 25 percent greater than the conveying speed of the endless belt device (26), and / or wherein preferably the calcining system (10), in particular the at least one conveying device (14), is designed such that the conveying speed of the endless belt device (26) is at least 0.03 m / s, particularly preferably at least 0.05 m / s and / or at most inclusive of 0.3 m / s, particularly; AD 43588 16.12.2025 preferably at most inclusive of 0.2 m / s, most preferably at most inclusive of 0.1 m / s; and / or wherein the at least one roller device (70) preferably has at least one stirring rod construction and / or at least one paddle construction extending radially; and / or wherein the at least one conveying device (14) preferably has at least one homogenizing device (74) arranged in the conveying direction (F) after at least one or more circulation systems (68), wherein the homogenizing device (74) is preferably designed as a crossbeam structure, wherein the at least one homogenizing device (74) is designed to homogenize the distribution of the substance (12) circulated by the circulation system (68) on the upper run (28).

16. Calcining system according to at least one of the preceding claims, wherein the calcining system (10) comprises at least two or more successive conveying devices (14) arranged in a cascade configuration as a substance mixing system, wherein preferably the discharge device (24) of the at least one preceding conveying device (14) for conveying, in particular horizontally and / or vertically, the substance (12) is at least indirectly connected to the receiving device (22) of the at least one subsequent conveying device (14), for example via a chute construction (76) and / or via the transverse conveyor (78), wherein preferably the chute construction (76) and / or the transverse conveyor (78) is designed to be substantially gap-free and / or airtight to the outside. AD 43588 16.12.2025 17. Calcining system according to the preceding claim, wherein the cascade shape is configured such that the principal extension axis (H) towards the horizon from above essentially forms an angle (a, alpha) of at least -5 degrees, preferably at least 0 degrees, particularly preferably at least 10 degrees, and most preferably at least 20 degrees; and / or wherein the cascade shape is configured such that the principal extension axis (H) towards the horizon from above essentially forms an angle (a, alpha) of at most 40 degrees, preferably at most 30 degrees, particularly preferably at most 28 degrees, and most preferably at most 25 degrees.

18. Calcining system according to one of claims 16 or 17, wherein the cascade form is designed such that at least two, preferably more than two, particularly preferably all conveying devices (14), in particular via transverse conveyors (78), are connected to each other in such a way that they form a meander shape.

19. Calcining system according to one of claims 16 to 18, wherein the side housing sections (38.1, 38.2) of the corresponding conveying devices (14) each form an angle of at most 30 degrees inclusive, preferably at most 20 degrees inclusive, particularly preferably at most 15 degrees inclusive, to a projection vertical plane which extends along the corresponding principal extension axis (H), and / or wherein the side housing sections (38.1, 38.2) of the corresponding conveying devices (14) run parallel to each other. 80 AD 43588 16.12.2025 20. Calcining system according to one of claims 16 to 19, wherein two conveying devices (14) form a substance circuit, wherein at least the two conveying devices (14) and at least two transverse conveyors (78) form a polygon, preferably a quadrilateral, particularly preferably a rectangle, wherein the substance circuit proceeds such that the substance (12) is fed into the first conveying device (14) via the receiving device (22), proceeds along the endless belt device (26) and is discharged from the first conveying device (14) via the discharge device (24), wherein the substance (12) is received from the discharge device (24) of the first conveying device (14) by a transverse conveyor (78), in particular designed as a screw conveyor, and is conveyed to the receiving device (22) of the second conveying device (14), and that the substance (12) is fed into the second conveying device (14) via the receiving device (22).along the continuous belt device (26) and is fed from the second conveying device (14) via the discharge device (24), wherein the substance (12) is picked up by a transverse conveyor (78), in particular designed as a screw conveyor, and conveyed to the receiving device (22) of the first conveying device (14); wherein in particular the calcining system (10) has a substance feeding device (80), in particular designed as a chute, and wherein the first conveying device (14) has at least two receiving devices (22), wherein the first receiving device (22) is designed to feed the substance (12) into the calcining system (10) via the substance feeding device (80) and wherein the second receiving device (22) is designed to pick up the substance (12) from the second conveying device (14) via the transverse conveyor (78); wherein in particular one or both transverse conveyors (78) are designed, for example, to be pivotable,to feed substance (12) out of the calcining system (10). 81 AD 43588 16.12.2025 21. Calcining system according to at least one of the preceding claims, wherein the main extension axis (H) and the The main extension axis (Q) of the transverse conveyor must be at least on a projection horizontal plane at an angle (ß, beta) to each other.

22. Method for the thermal treatment of a substance (12) using the calcining system (10) according to at least one of the preceding claims, the method comprising at least the following steps: Picking up the substance (12) using the pickup device (22); Conveying the substance (12) on the upper section (28) along the main extension axis (H), wherein the substance (12) is conveyed at least partially through the heated heat treatment volume (18) for heat treatment, wherein preferably the calcining system (10) has at least the features of claim 15, such that at least a mixing of the substance (12) takes place by means of the at least one circulation system (68); Dispensing of the substance (12) by means of the dispensing device (24), wherein preferably at least a mixing of the substance (12) takes place by conveying the substance (12) in the at least one transverse conveyor (78), in particular designed as a screw conveyor, from the dispensing device (24) of the at least one preceding conveying device (14) into the receiving device (22) of the at least one subsequent conveying device (14).

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