Thick film heater assembly and heater for vehicle

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of heating devices, and more specifically a thick film heater assembly and a heater for a vehicle are disclosed. The thick film heater assembly includes a heating element, a heating film, an inlet pipe, and an outlet pipe. The heating element has a first surface, a first side surface, and a second side surface, the first side surface and the second side surface being connected to both sides of the first surface. A plurality of flow channels are formed inside the heating element, the plurality of flow channels are arranged at intervals along the first direction, and the flow channels penetrate the first side surface and the second side surface. The heating film is installed on the first surface. The inlet pipe is connected to the first side surface and communicates with multiple flow channels, forming an inlet chamber within the inlet pipe. The outlet pipe is connected to the second side surface and communicates with multiple flow channels. The minimum cross-sectional area of ​​the inlet chamber in the radial direction is greater than the maximum cross-sectional area of each flow channel in ​​the first direction.

Description

Thick Film Heater Assembly and Vehicle Heater

[0001] Cross - reference to related applications This application claims priority based on a Chinese patent application with application number 2024118873237, titled "Thick Film Heater Assembly and Vehicle Heater", filed with the China National Intellectual Property Administration on December 19, 2024, and incorporates its entire content by reference into this application. This application relates to the technical field of heating devices, particularly to thick film heater assemblies and vehicle heaters.

[0002] In recent years, thick film heating technology has received wide attention due to its remarkable advantages in thermal energy conversion and heating applications. Based on the selection of specific rare - earth thick film electrothermal materials, this technology realizes effective conversion from electrical energy to thermal energy by performing screen printing on various substrates. Due to its efficiency, flexibility, and versatility, this technology has been widely applied in various fields such as industrial heating, heat treatment, and water supply.

[0003] Currently, after the inlet pipe of the thick film heater assembly is welded to the heating element, the flow of water flowing from the inlet pipe into the flow channels of the heating element is uneven, and furthermore, water does not flow through some of the flow channels in the heating element, resulting in a decrease in the heat exchange efficiency of the thick film heater assembly.

[0004] The embodiments of this application disclose a thick film heater assembly and a vehicle heater, which can avoid the uneven distribution of liquid in the flow channels of the heating element, ensure that liquid flows through each flow channel of the heating element, and improve the heat exchange efficiency of the heating element.

[0005] To achieve the above objective, in a first embodiment, several embodiments of the present application provide a thick film heater assembly comprising a heating element, an inlet pipe, an outlet pipe, and a heating film, wherein the heating element has a first surface, a first side surface, and a second side surface, the first side surface and the second side surface being connected to both sides of the first surface, a plurality of flow channels are formed within the heating element, the plurality of flow channels are spaced apart along a first direction, the flow channels penetrate the first side surface and the second side surface, and two adjacent flow channels are separated by a partition rib, the inlet pipe is connected to the first side surface and communicates with the plurality of flow channels, an inlet chamber is formed within the inlet pipe, the outlet pipe is connected to the second side surface and communicates with the plurality of flow channels, the heating film is installed on the first surface, and the minimum radial cross-sectional area of ​​the inlet chamber is greater than the maximum cross-sectional area of ​​each flow channel in the first direction.

[0006] In this way, after the liquid flows from the inlet pipe into the inlet chamber, it is ensured that it flows uniformly into each channel, making the liquid flow within the channels more uniform. Furthermore, when the liquid flows from the inlet chamber of the inlet pipe into the channel, the cross-sectional area of ​​the channel is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the inlet chamber, so the flow resistance of the liquid within the channel is reduced, ensuring uniformity of liquid flow within the channel, improving the heating efficiency of the heating element, and improving the heat exchange efficiency of the thick film heater assembly.

[0007] In some embodiments of the present application, the inner diameter of the inlet pipe is equal at all positions along the axial direction of the inlet pipe, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the flow path is equal at all positions along the direction of extension of the flow path.

[0008] In this way, pressure loss can be avoided as the liquid flows through the inlet chamber and flow path, ensuring that the liquid has sufficient flow pressure and thus guaranteeing the heating efficiency of the heating system.

[0009] In some embodiments of the present application, the ratio of the radial cross-sectional area of ​​the inflow chamber to the cross-sectional area of ​​one of the flow channels in the first direction is 10 to 30.

[0010] In this way, the uniformity of liquid flow within the channel is ensured, and when the liquid flows into the channel and through the heating film, thermal energy can be absorbed more uniformly, improving the heating efficiency of the heating element, and the dimensions of the thick-film heater assembly can be adapted to the compact layout inside the vehicle.

[0011] In some embodiments of the present application, the ratio of the radial cross-sectional area of ​​the inflow chamber to the cross-sectional area of ​​one of the flow channels in the first direction is 15 to 20.

[0012] Thus, the inlet chamber allows for better and more uniform distribution of the liquid, ensuring that each flow path obtains a relatively uniform fluid flow rate. This contributes to reducing the decrease in heating efficiency and increase in energy consumption caused by uneven liquid distribution. Furthermore, it further reduces the resistance when the liquid flows into and out of the flow path, contributing to improved hydrodynamic properties of the thick-film heater assembly, reducing energy consumption, and improving overall efficiency. Within this ratio range, the liquid flow within the flow path becomes more uniform, thereby improving the uniformity of fluid heating by the heating film and improving the heating efficiency of the heating element.

[0013] In some embodiments of the present invention, the direction of extension of the flow path is perpendicular to the axial direction of the inlet pipe.

[0014] In this way, when the liquid flows into the flow path, it contributes to better direction change and distribution, and because the liquid flows in from the inlet pipe at a constant velocity, the vertical flow path ensures a reduction in the formation of vortices and turbulence when the liquid passes through bends, thereby reducing pressure loss. This also contributes to the formation of a more uniform and stable flow state within the flow path, improving heating efficiency.

[0015] In some embodiments of the present application, an opening is provided on the side of the inlet pipe facing the heating element, and the width of the opening is greater than the thickness of the heating element along a direction perpendicular to the first surface, the heating element further includes a connecting member, the connecting member is used to connect one end of the heating element adjacent to the first side surface to the opening.

[0016] In this way, the connecting member makes it possible to achieve a stable connection between the heating element and the opening of the inlet pipe.

[0017] In some embodiments of the present application, the connecting member is sealed to the opening, the connecting member is provided with a through hole, the through hole penetrates the connecting member along the direction of extension of the flow path, and one end of the heating element adjacent to the first side surface is inserted into the through hole and fixedly connected to the through hole.

[0018] In this way, the seal connection between the connecting member and the opening of the inlet pipe prevents leakage of liquid as it flows from the inlet pipe into the flow path, and one end close to the first side surface of the heating element is inserted into the through hole of the connecting member, ensuring that the liquid flows smoothly from the inlet chamber of the inlet pipe into the flow path of the heating element, thereby ensuring the heating efficiency of the heating element.

[0019] In some embodiments of the present application, the edge of the opening adjacent to the heating element has a groove, the connecting member has a flange, the flange is inserted into the groove and abuts against the bottom of the groove and along the direction of extension of the flow path.

[0020] Thus, the groove and flange increase the contact area between the connecting member and the opening, thereby improving the stability of the connection. At the same time, the flange is inserted into the groove and abuts against the bottom of the groove, forming an effective sealing structure. This reduces the risk of leakage when liquid flows from the inlet chamber into the flow path, ensuring a smooth flow of liquid. Furthermore, the groove and flange facilitate alignment and positioning during installation of the connecting member, reducing the difficulty of installation, improving installation efficiency, and simultaneously reducing connection problems caused by improper installation.

[0021] In some embodiments of the present application, the inner wall of the through hole has a stopper portion, one end of the heating element adjacent to the first side surface has a stopper surface, and the stopper portion abuts the stopper surface along the extending direction of the flow path.

[0022] In this way, accurate positioning of the heating element within the through-hole is ensured, preventing the heating element from moving in the direction of the flow path, thereby achieving stable fixation and ensuring accurate alignment between the flow path and the opening. Furthermore, the contact between the stopper portion and the stopper surface increases the contact area between the heating element and the connecting member, thereby improving the connection strength, preventing loosening of the connection due to vibration or fluid pressure, and improving the overall stability of the heating element and the connecting member.

[0023] In some embodiments of the present application, the end face of the heating element is flush with the surface of the connecting member that faces the inlet chamber.

[0024] In this way, it is possible to ensure that the liquid is uniformly distributed and flows smoothly within the inflow chamber, and that there is sufficient flow pressure when the liquid enters the flow path, thereby improving the heating efficiency of the heating element.

[0025] In some embodiments of the present application, both the inlet pipe and the heating element are connected to the connecting member by a laser welding process.

[0026] In this way, the connection between the inlet pipe, heating element, and connecting member can be made strong and reliable. Furthermore, the welded joint formed by laser welding has high strength and sealing properties, can withstand high pressure and effectively prevent liquid leakage. In addition, the laser welding process can reduce thermal deformation and residual stress during the welding process, thereby improving the mechanical properties and fatigue resistance of the welded joint, making the thick-film heater assembly more stable and reliable during use and extending its service life.

[0027] In some embodiments of the present application, the heating element further includes a second surface, the second surface is positioned opposite the first surface, and the heating film is provided on both the first surface and the second surface.

[0028] Thus, the fact that both the first and second surfaces are covered with a heating film means that the heating area is significantly increased. A larger heating area allows heat to be transferred more quickly into the flow path of the heating element, thereby improving the overall heating efficiency. Furthermore, the double-sided heating design helps to ensure temperature uniformity when heating the heating element. When both sides are heated, heat is distributed more uniformly throughout the heating element, reducing the occurrence of temperature gradients. This not only improves the heating effect but also prevents damage due to localized overheating, extending the service life of the heating element.

[0029] In some embodiments of the present application, the heating film includes a resistive layer, the resistive layer includes a plurality of strip-shaped resistors, the plurality of strip-shaped resistors are arranged sequentially along the first direction, and each strip-shaped resistor is installed corresponding to each of the partition ribs.

[0030] In this way, it is ensured that a flow channel is installed below the location where the strip resistor is installed, thereby ensuring that when the strip resistor dissipates heat, the heat is transferred through the flow channel to the coolant or water in the flow channel, and heat exchange takes place. In this way, when the strip resistor generates heat, it is possible to avoid the generation of an abnormally high temperature region in the heating element, which can cause dry-heating, and thus ensure the service life and safety of the thick film heater assembly.

[0031] In some embodiments of the present application, the widthwise center of each strip-shaped resistor corresponds to the thicknesswise center of each partition rib.

[0032] In this way, because the center of the strip-shaped resistor in the width direction corresponds to the center of the partition rib in the thickness direction, when the strip-shaped resistor generates heat, the heat is directly transferred to the partition rib via the strip-shaped resistor, heating the coolant or water in the flow path and improving heat conduction efficiency. As a result, the heating effect around each flow path becomes more uniform, avoiding localized overheating or underheating, ensuring that the coolant or water in the flow path maintains a uniform temperature during heating, and contributing to improved heating uniformity and stability.

[0033] In some embodiments of the present application, the longitudinal direction of the partition rib is perpendicular to the first direction, and the thickness of the partition rib in the first direction is smaller than the width of the strip-shaped resistance in the first direction.

[0034] Thus, when the strip-shaped resistor generates heat, some of the heat is transferred from the first surface into the flow channel, and the remaining portion is transferred into the flow channel via the partition ribs. This ensures that the heat released from the strip-shaped resistor is uniformly transferred into the flow channel, improving the thermal conductivity of the strip-shaped resistor and thereby improving the heating efficiency of the thick-film heater assembly.

[0035] In some embodiments of the present application, the heating element further includes two first plates positioned opposite each other, a plurality of partition ribs connected between the two first plates, the partition ribs and the two first plates forming a channel, and the ratio of the thickness of the partition ribs to the thickness of the first plates is 0.8 to 1.

[0036] In this way, the thickness of the partition ribs can provide support to the first plate body, and it is possible to avoid the heat transfer path from the strip-shaped resistor to the partition ribs becoming excessively long, thereby ensuring efficient heat transfer through the partition ribs and guaranteeing the heat exchange efficiency of the heating element.

[0037] In some embodiments of the present application, the thickness of the first plate is 0.5 mm to 2.5 mm.

[0038] In this way, it is possible to ensure that the first plate has sufficient mechanical strength to withstand pressure or external force, and that the heat transfer efficiency of the heat released from the strip-shaped resistor through the first plate is improved, thereby ensuring the heat exchange efficiency of the heating element.

[0039] In some embodiments of the present application, the heating element further includes a second surface, the second surface being positioned opposite the first surface, and the heating film being provided on both the first and second surfaces.

[0040] Thus, the fact that both the first surface and the second surface are covered with the heating film means that the heating area is significantly enlarged. With a larger heating area, heat can be transmitted more quickly to the inside of the flow path of the heating element, thereby improving the overall heating efficiency. In addition, the double-sided heating design contributes to ensuring the temperature uniformity during the heating of the heating element. When both sides are heated, heat is distributed more uniformly throughout the heating element, and the generation of a temperature gradient can be reduced. Thereby, not only can the heating effect be improved, but damage due to local overheating can be avoided and the service life of the heating element can be extended.

[0041] In some embodiments of the present application, the distance between the first surface and the second surface is 5 mm to 20 mm.

[0042] Thus, not only is the heat transfer efficiency from the heating film to the inside of the heating element optimized, but the heat released from the heating film can be distributed more uniformly throughout the heating element, improving the heating effect.

[0043] In some embodiments of the present application, the heating element is a microchannel flat tube.

[0044] Thus, since the microchannel flat tube has a minute flow path structure inside, the heat exchange area is significantly increased, and heat transfer becomes more rapid and efficient. In addition, the microchannel flat tube has a flat outer shape and minute flow path dimensions, so that the occupied space of the entire thick film heater assembly can be significantly reduced. In the case where the space inside the vehicle is limited, such a compact structural design contributes to the realization of a compact layout in the engine room, improves the space utilization rate of the entire vehicle, reduces the weight of the entire vehicle, and contributes to the lightweight design of the automobile.

[0045] In some embodiments of the present application, the width of the flow path in the first direction is 2 mm to 8 mm.

[0046] Thus, it is possible to ensure that a liquid such as a coolant or water flows stably and smoothly in the flow path, reduce the resistance and pressure loss when the liquid flows in the flow path, and ensure that the liquid is uniformly distributed during heat exchange, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency and heat transfer performance.

[0047] In some embodiments of the present application, a protrusion structure is formed on the inner wall of the flow path.

[0048] Thus, the protrusion structure increases the surface area of the inner wall of the flow path, provides more heat exchange interfaces, thereby making heat transfer more efficient and contributing to the improvement of the heat exchange performance of the thick film heater assembly.

[0049] In some embodiments of the present application, the height of the protrusion structure protruding from the inner wall of the flow path is 0.5 mm to 2 mm.

[0050] Thus, the protrusion structure effectively increases the contact area between the liquid in the flow path and the inner wall of the flow path, and effectively increases the turbulent flow of the liquid in the flow path without hindering the flow of the liquid, making the distribution of the liquid more uniform and contributing to the improvement of the heat exchange efficiency of the heating element.

[0051] In some embodiments of the present application, a recess is provided at the connection portion of two adjacent inner walls of the flow path.

[0052] Thus, the recess can change the flow path of the liquid in the flow path, and when the liquid flows through this region, eddy currents or turbulent flows occur, thereby improving the mixing effect and heat exchange efficiency of the liquid, reducing the vacuum region of the liquid in the flow path, and contributing to the improvement of the uniformity and stability of the liquid.

[0053] In some embodiments of the present application, the cross-sectional shape of the recess is arc-shaped.

[0054] Thus, the arc-shaped recess can guide the flow of the liquid more smoothly, increase the turbulent flow and eddy currents of the liquid in the recess, thereby reducing the vacuum region in the flow path, ensuring sufficient contact between the liquid and the inner wall of the flow path, and improving the heat exchange performance of the heating element.

[0055] In some embodiments of the present application, the projection structure is formed on all of the inner walls of the flow channel.

[0056] In this way, the contact area between the liquid and the inner wall of the flow path can be further increased, thereby further improving the heat exchange efficiency of the heating element.

[0057] In some embodiments of the present application, the material of the heating element includes metallic aluminum.

[0058] Thus, metallic aluminum has good thermal conductivity and can quickly transfer heat to each part of the heating element, improving heating efficiency. This allows the heating element to reach the required temperature in a short time and maintain a stable heating effect. Furthermore, because aluminum is a lightweight metal with relatively low density, the heating element can maintain high performance while reducing its overall weight, making installation easier.

[0059] In some embodiments of the present application, the heating element is integrally molded by an extrusion process.

[0060] Thus, the extrusion process allows for a more tightly integrated heating element, reducing the occurrence of internal defects and cracks, and improving overall structural strength. This contributes to resistance to external pressure and thermal stress, ensuring stability and reliability during long-term use of the heating element. Furthermore, extruded heating elements have a more uniform internal structure, contributing to uniform heat distribution and conduction. This allows the heating element to reach the required temperature more quickly and maintain a stable heating effect, thereby improving heating efficiency and energy utilization. In addition, the integral molding process reduces multiple processing and assembly steps in conventional manufacturing processes, thereby reducing manufacturing costs and time, decreasing material waste and defect rates, and improving production efficiency and resource utilization.

[0061] In some embodiments of the present application, the heating film includes an insulating layer, a conductive layer, and a protective layer, wherein the insulating layer is provided on the first surface, the resistive layer is provided on the insulating layer, the conductive layer is provided on the resistive layer, and the protective layer is provided on the conductive layer.

[0062] Thus, the insulating layer is located between the resistive layer and the first surface of the heating element, effectively preventing current from directly passing through the heating element and avoiding the risk of short circuits and electric shock. The conductive layer reduces the resistance of the heating film, thereby reducing energy consumption and improving heating efficiency. The protective layer is located on top of the conductive layer and can withstand external physical shocks and abrasion, protecting the heating film from damage.

[0063] In a second embodiment, an embodiment of the present application provides a vehicle heater comprising a casing and a thick film heater assembly, wherein a housing chamber is formed within the casing, the thick film heater assembly is the thick film heater assembly described in the first embodiment, the thick film heater assembly is installed in the housing chamber, and the thick film heater assembly is used to heat a coolant.

[0064] Thus, vehicle heaters employing thick-film heater assemblies can prevent the thick-film heater assembly from overheating when heating the coolant, thereby ensuring the normal operation of the vehicle heater and guaranteeing its service life and safety.

[0065] In a second embodiment, an embodiment of the present application provides a vehicle heater comprising a casing and a thick film heater assembly, wherein a housing chamber is formed within the casing, the thick film heater assembly is the thick film heater assembly described in the first embodiment, the thick film heater assembly is installed in the housing chamber, and the thick film heater assembly is used to heat a coolant.

[0066] Thus, vehicle heaters employing thick-film heater assemblies can achieve efficient heating of the coolant, ensuring that the coolant reaches the required temperature in a short time and improving heating efficiency.

[0067] In one embodiment of the present invention, the inlet pipe includes an inlet, the inlet is used to communicate with a liquid source, the outlet pipe includes an outlet, the vehicle heater further includes a control device and a heat conduction structure, the control device is electrically connected to the heating film and is used to control the heating output of the heating film, the heat conduction structure is connected between the control device and the inlet pipe and is used to guide the heat generated by the control device to the inlet pipe, or the heat conduction structure is connected between the control device and the outlet pipe and is used to guide the heat generated by the control device to the outlet pipe.

[0068] In this way, by connecting the heat conduction structure between the control device and the inlet or outlet pipe, the heat generated by the control device is guided to the inlet or outlet pipe using the heat conduction structure. The heat conduction of the heat conduction structure removes some of the heat generated by the control device from the coolant, helping to maintain the temperature of the control device within a reasonable range. This avoids the risk of performance degradation or failure of the control device due to overheating and ensures the heating effect of the vehicle heater.

[0069] In some embodiments of the present application, the heat conduction structure is connected between the control device and the inlet pipe and is used to guide the heat generated by the control device to the inlet pipe, and the heat conduction structure is connected between the control device and the outlet pipe and is used to guide the heat generated by the control device to the outlet pipe.

[0070] In this way, the heat from the control device can be simultaneously guided to the inlet and outlet pipes, widening the heat dissipation path. The coolant temperature in the inlet pipe remains relatively low, allowing it to quickly absorb the heat transferred from the control device and rapidly reduce the temperature of the control device.

[0071] In some embodiments of the present application, the inlet pipe has a first closed end face facing the inlet, the heat conduction structure is connected between the control device and the first closed end face, and the heat conduction structure is used to guide the heat generated by the control device to the first closed end face.

[0072] In this way, by using the first closed end face of the inlet pipe to establish a heat conduction connection with the control device, it is not necessary to separately provide a large-area dedicated heat dissipation space for the control device. Compared to conventional methods of installing large heat dissipation fins or complex air cooling passages around the control device, this layout can save a significant amount of extra space.

[0073] In some embodiments of the present application, the outflow pipe has a second closed end face facing the inlet, the heat conduction structure is connected between the control device and the second closed end face, and the heat conduction structure is used to guide the heat generated by the control device to the second closed end face.

[0074] In this way, by utilizing the second closed end face of the outlet pipe to establish a heat conduction connection with the control device, it is not necessary to separately provide a large-area dedicated heat dissipation space for the control device. Compared to conventional methods of installing large heat dissipation fins or complex air cooling passages around the control device, this layout can save a significant amount of extra space.

[0075] In some embodiments of the present application, the thick film heater assembly further includes a substrate, the substrate is positioned along the first direction and opposite the first closed end face, the control device is mounted on the substrate, the heat conduction structure includes a heat conduction sheet, the heat conduction sheet is connected along the first direction between the control device and the first closed end face.

[0076] Thus, the method of connecting the control device and the first closed end face of the inlet pipe using a thermal conductive sheet does not require complex heat dissipation structure designs such as large heat dissipation fins or additional air cooling devices, contributes to reducing the volume of the thick-film heater assembly and consequently the entire vehicle heater, makes the layout between each component more compact and rational, secures more space for other components or systems in the limited interior space of the vehicle, and also facilitates the installation and maintenance of the heater system.

[0077] In some embodiments of the present application, the thick film heater assembly further includes a substrate, the substrate is positioned along the first direction and opposite the second closed end face, the control device is mounted on the substrate, the heat conduction structure includes a heat conduction sheet, the heat conduction sheet is connected along the first direction between the control device and the second closed end face.

[0078] Thus, the method of connecting the control device and the second closed end face of the outlet pipe using a thermal conductive sheet does not require complex heat dissipation structure designs such as large heat dissipation fins or additional air cooling devices, contributes to reducing the volume of the thick-film heater assembly and consequently the entire vehicle heater, makes the layout between each component more compact and rational, secures more space for other components or systems in the limited interior space of the vehicle, and also facilitates the installation and maintenance of the heater system.

[0079] In some embodiments of the present application, the area of ​​the thermal conductive sheet is greater than or equal to the area of ​​the surface of the control device that is in contact with the thermal conductive sheet.

[0080] In this way, the thermal conductive sheet can completely cover the heat-generating surface of the control device, thereby ensuring that the heat generated by the control device is fully absorbed by the thermal conductive sheet, preventing situations where some heat is not transferred in a timely manner due to insufficient contact area. This improves the heat transfer efficiency from the control device to the thermal conductive sheet, ensuring that the heat dissipation effect of the control device reaches an optimal state.

[0081] In some embodiments of the present application, the thickness of the thermal conductive sheet is 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm.

[0082] Thus, with a thickness of 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm, the thermal conductive sheet adheres tightly to the control device and the first closed end face with a constant mounting pressure, without causing poor contact or high contact thermal resistance due to excessive thickness. This tight adhesion ensures that heat is effectively transferred between the two through the thermal conductive sheet, allowing the thermal conductive function of the sheet to be maximized.

[0083] In some embodiments of the present application, the vehicle heater further includes a pressing plate, the pressing plate being connected to a casing and pressing the control device toward the heating element in the first direction.

[0084] In this way, the pressing plate presses the control device toward the heating element along the first direction, thereby more tightly maintaining the spatial relative position between the control device and the heating element, and ensuring secure fixation. In the limited internal space of a vehicle heater, such a compact layout eliminates the need to secure extra space to prevent interference with other components due to loosening or misalignment of the control device.

[0085] In some embodiments of the present application, the inlet pipe has a first outer wall, the heat conduction structure is connected between the control device and the first outer wall, and the heat conduction structure is used to guide the heat generated by the control device to the first outer wall.

[0086] Thus, the first outer tube wall has a fixed length, providing relatively flexible spatial conditions for connecting the heat conduction structure, and the heat conduction structure can be designed and installed in various ways depending on the shape of the inlet tube and the position of the control device, allowing it to better adapt to the complex spatial environment inside the vehicle heater.

[0087] In some embodiments of the present application, the outlet pipe has a second outer wall, the heat conduction structure is connected between the control device and the second outer wall, and the heat conduction structure is used to guide the heat generated by the control device to the second outer wall.

[0088] Thus, the second outer tube wall has a fixed length, providing relatively flexible spatial conditions for connecting the heat conduction structure. The heat conduction structure can be designed and installed in various ways depending on the shape of the outlet pipe and the position of the control device, allowing it to better adapt to the complex spatial environment inside the vehicle heater.

[0089] In some embodiments of the present application, the heat conduction structure includes a heat conduction bracket, the heat conduction bracket is installed on one side in the thickness direction of the heating element and is connected to the first outer tube wall and the second outer tube wall, respectively, and the control device is installed on the heat conduction bracket and is heat conduction connected to the heat conduction bracket.

[0090] In this way, by connecting the heat conduction bracket to the first outer tube wall and the second outer tube wall, respectively, and by heat conduction connection of the control device to the heat conduction bracket, an efficient heat dissipation path can be provided to the control device. Heat is transferred from the control device to the heat conduction bracket, then uniformly diffused to the first and second outer tube walls via the heat conduction bracket, and the heat is removed by the flow of coolant in the inlet and outlet pipes. This effectively avoids the problem of overheating of the control device due to heat accumulation, ensures stable operation in an appropriate temperature environment, and improves heat dissipation efficiency and reliability.

[0091] In some embodiments of the present application, the heat conduction structure further includes a heat conduction sheet, the heat conduction sheet being connected between the heat conduction bracket and the heat conduction surface of the control device.

[0092] Thus, the thermal conductive sheet has good thermal conductivity and, when filled between the thermal conductive bracket and the thermal conductive surface of the control device, can effectively fill any minute gaps that may exist between them, reducing contact thermal resistance. As a result, the heat generated by the control device is more smoothly transferred to the thermal conductive bracket via the thermal conductive sheet, and further transferred to the inlet and outlet pipes for heat dissipation, improving the thermal conductivity efficiency of the entire heat conduction path and ensuring a better heat dissipation effect for the control device.

[0093] In some embodiments of the present application, the heat conduction bracket includes a mounting portion, a first connection portion, and a second connection portion, wherein the mounting portion is installed along the thickness direction of the heating element and facing the first surface, the control device is attached to the mounting portion, the first connection portion is connected between the first end of the mounting portion and the first outer tube wall, and the second connection portion is connected between the second end of the mounting portion and the second outer tube wall.

[0094] In this way, by connecting the mounting section with the first outer wall of the inlet pipe and the second outer wall of the outlet pipe via the first and second connection sections, two direct and efficient heat dissipation paths are provided to the control device. Heat generated in the control device is quickly transferred to the first and second connection sections via the mounting section, and then to the inlet pipe and outlet pipe, respectively. The heat is removed by the flow of coolant in the pipes, improving heat dissipation efficiency, effectively preventing overheating of the control device, and ensuring its stable operation. Furthermore, with this double connection structure, heat is simultaneously transferred from both ends of the mounting section to the inlet pipe and outlet pipe, avoiding localized overheating due to heat concentration at specific points. This allows heat to be distributed more uniformly throughout the heat conduction bracket and water pipe system, further improving the heat dissipation effect and contributing to extending the service life of the control device and the entire system.

[0095] In some embodiments of the present application, the first outer tube wall and the second outer tube wall protrude from the first surface along the thickness direction of the heating element, the mounting portion is recessed toward the first surface to form a recess, and the control device is mounted in the recess.

[0096] In this way, the first and second outer tube walls protrude from the first surface along the thickness direction of the heating element, and the mounting portion is recessed toward the first surface to form a recess for mounting the control device. This allows for full utilization of the three-dimensional space around the heating element, enabling the control device to be fitted into the recess, resulting in a compact layout of the internal structure of the vehicle heater, improving space utilization efficiency, contributing to the miniaturization design of the vehicle heater, and making installation and placement easier within the limited space of a vehicle.

[0097] In some embodiments of the present application, the depth of the recess along the thickness direction of the heating element is equal to the thickness of the control device.

[0098] In this way, by precisely matching the depth of the recess with the thickness of the control device, limited spatial resources are fully utilized, providing an appropriate mounting position for the control device, while preventing wasted space due to an inappropriate recess design. This enables a compact design of the internal structure of the vehicle heater and contributes to improved space utilization.

[0099] In some embodiments of the present application, a predetermined gap is provided between the lower surface of the mounting portion and the first surface.

[0100] Thus, the presence of gaps provides a passage for air circulation, facilitating the transfer and release of heat between components. Warm air flows upward through the gaps, removing heat generated by components such as control devices, while cooler ambient air is replenished through the gaps, forming natural convection, improving heat dissipation efficiency, and ensuring that components such as control devices operate within an appropriate temperature range. Furthermore, the presence of gaps reduces electromagnetic coupling between the mounting portion and the first surface to some extent, suppressing the propagation path of electromagnetic interference and thereby improving the electromagnetic compatibility of the vehicle heater.

[0101] In some embodiments of the present invention, the height of the predetermined gap is 5 mm to 10 mm.

[0102] In this way, the gap in this height range reduces electromagnetic coupling between the mounting portion and the first surface and suppresses the propagation path of electromagnetic interference, thereby optimizing the electromagnetic environment of the vehicle heater, improving its electromagnetic compatibility, and preventing the heat conduction bracket from excessively occupying space in the thickness direction of the heating element.

[0103] In some embodiments of the present application, a first heat conduction base is provided on the surface of the inlet pipe facing the control device along the thickness direction of the heating element, and the first connection portion is attached to the first heat conduction base; and a second heat conduction base is provided on the surface of the outlet pipe facing the control device along the thickness direction of the heating element, and the second connection portion is attached to the second heat conduction base.

[0104] In this way, compared to contact with the irregular surfaces of the inlet and outlet pipes, the heat conduction path is shorter and the contact is more sufficient, allowing heat to be efficiently transferred to the coolant in the outlet pipe and achieving rapid heat dissipation. Furthermore, the second heat conduction base provides a stable mounting position for the second connection part, thereby preventing heat conduction between the two from being easily interrupted or becoming unstable due to factors such as vehicle vibration.

[0105] In some embodiments of the present application, a first heat conduction fin is provided on the surface of the first connection portion facing the inlet pipe, along the thickness direction of the heating element, and the first heat conduction fin is used to guide the heat of the mounting portion toward the inlet pipe. A second heat conduction fin is provided on the surface of the second connection portion facing the outlet pipe, along the thickness direction of the heating element, and the second heat conduction fin is used to guide the heat of the mounting portion toward the outlet pipe.

[0106] In this way, the first heat conduction fin increases the effective contact area between the first connection and the inlet pipe, and the second heat conduction fin increases the effective contact area between the second connection and the outlet pipe, reducing heat loss and obstruction during heat transfer, and allowing the heat generated at the mounting portion to be directly guided by the inlet and outlet pipes.

[0107] In some embodiments of the present invention, the heat conduction bracket is a integrally molded metal bracket.

[0108] Thus, metals themselves have good thermal conductivity, and common metal materials such as copper and aluminum have high thermal conductivity, allowing heat to be transferred quickly. The integrally molded structure avoids extra thermal resistance that may arise from the connection of different components, allowing heat to be transferred without obstruction within the heat conduction bracket. This heat is smoothly transferred from the mounting part where the control device is located to the first and second connection parts connected to the inlet and outlet pipes, ensuring high efficiency throughout the heat conduction path and contributing to improved heat dissipation efficiency.

[0109] In some embodiments of the present application, the thick film heater assembly further includes a substrate, the substrate is positioned along the first direction and opposite to the end of the heating element, and the control device is electrically connected to the substrate.

[0110] In this way, by positioning the substrate and the end of the heating element facing each other along the first direction, the space near the end of the heating element can be fully utilized, allowing the substrate to obtain an appropriate and orderly position inside the vehicle heater. This contributes to the compactness of the overall layout of the thick-film heater assembly, improves the utilization rate of the limited space inside the vehicle heater, and makes installation and adaptation easier in the limited space environment of a vehicle.

[0111] In some embodiments of the present application, the vehicle heater further includes a pressing plate, the pressing plate being connected to a casing and pressing the control device toward the first surface along the thickness direction of the heating element.

[0112] In this way, by pressing the control device, the pressing plate makes the contact between the control device and the heat conduction bracket or other heat dissipation-related members (e.g., heat conduction structures corresponding to inlet and outlet pipes) tighter and more uniform. This tighter contact reduces contact thermal resistance, allowing heat to be transferred more smoothly from the control device, optimizing the heat conduction path, improving heat dissipation efficiency, and enabling the heat generated in the control device to be transferred more quickly to the corresponding heat dissipation members (e.g., via the heat conduction bracket to the inlet and outlet pipes), and then removed by the coolant, contributing to the stable operation of the control device within an appropriate temperature range.

[0113] To more clearly explain the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the necessary drawings for the embodiments are briefly described below. Naturally, the drawings in the following description represent only some embodiments of this application, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these without any creative effort.

[0114] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a thick film heater assembly provided by Embodiment 1 of the present application. Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a thick film heater assembly (heating film omitted) provided by Embodiment 1 of the present application. Figure 3 is an exploded view of a thick film heater assembly (heating film omitted) provided by Embodiment 1 of the present application. Figure 4 is a front view of a thick film heater assembly provided by Embodiment 1 of the present application. Figure 5 is a plan view of a thick film heater assembly provided by Embodiment 1 of the present application. Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B in Figure 5. Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the inlet pipe and the connecting member provided by Embodiment 1 of the present application. Figure 8 is a radial cross-sectional view of the inlet pipe provided by Embodiment 1 of the present application. Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A in Figure 5. Figure 10 is an enlarged view of part A in Figure 9. Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a thick film heater assembly provided by Embodiment 2 of the present application. Figure 12 is an exploded view of a thick film heater assembly provided by Embodiment 2 of the present application. Figure 13 is a plan view of a thick film heater assembly provided by Embodiment 2 of the present application. Figure 14 is a cross-sectional view taken along line P-P in Figure 13. Figure 15 is a magnified view of section E in Figure 14. Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of a vehicle heater provided by Embodiment 3 of the present application. Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of a thick film heater assembly provided by Embodiment 3 of the present application. Figure 18 is an exploded view of the thick film heater assembly provided by Embodiment 3 of the present application. Figure 19 is a front view of the thick film heater assembly provided by Embodiment 3 of the present application. Figure 20 is a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C in Figure 19. Figure 21 is a magnified view of section D in Figure 20. Figure 22 is a schematic diagram of a vehicle heater provided by Embodiment 4 of the present application. Figure 23 is a schematic diagram of a thick film heater assembly provided by Embodiment 4 of the present application. Figure 24 is an exploded view of the thick film heater assembly provided by Embodiment 4 of the present application. Figure 25 is a schematic diagram of a thick film heat conduction bracket provided by Embodiment 4 of the present application. Figure 26 is a side view of the thick film heater assembly provided by Embodiment 4 of the present application. Figure 27 is a schematic diagram of a part of the structure of the thick film heater assembly provided in Embodiment 4 of the present invention. Figure 28 is a schematic diagram of the heat conduction bracket provided in Embodiment 4 of the present invention viewed from a different perspective.

[0115] The following provides a clear and complete description of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, with reference to the drawings of the embodiments. Naturally, the embodiments described are only a portion of the embodiments of this application, not all of them. All other embodiments that a person skilled in the art could conceive of based on the embodiments of this application without creative work are all within the scope of protection of this application.

[0116] In this application, the directions or positional relationships indicated by terms such as "up," "down," "left," "right," "front," "back," "top," "bottom," "inside," "outside," "vertical," "horizontal," "lateral," and "vertical" are directions or positional relationships shown based on the drawings. These terms are primarily for the purpose of better describing this application and its embodiments, and do not necessarily limit the shown devices, members, or components to having a specific direction or being configured and operated in a specific direction.

[0117] Furthermore, some of the above terms may be used to indicate meanings other than those related to direction or position. For example, the term "above" may, in some cases, be used to indicate a dependency or connection. Those skilled in the art will be able to understand the specific meaning of these terms in this application depending on the specific context.

[0118] Furthermore, terms such as "attach," "install," "establish," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, it could be a fixed connection, a removable connection, an integrated structure, a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, a direct connection, an indirect connection via an intermediate medium, or an internal communication between two devices, members, or components. A person skilled in the art will be able to understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application depending on the specific situation.

[0119] Furthermore, terms such as "first," "second," etc., are primarily used to distinguish between different devices, components, or elements (whether of the same or different types and structures), and do not indicate or suggest the relative importance or number of the devices, components, or elements shown. Unless otherwise stated, "plural" means two or more.

[0120] Vehicle heaters, also known as coolant heaters or the heater component of a heating system that utilizes coolant, are components that heat the coolant. Vehicle heaters are generally installed in the cooling system of an automobile engine and perform heat exchange through the circulation of coolant, not only helping the engine operate within an appropriate temperature range but also supplying warm air to the interior of the vehicle.

[0121] Currently, thick-film heating technology is being applied to thick-film heater assemblies for vehicle heaters. Thick-film heating technology is a technique that uses rare-earth thick-film electric heating materials, prints them onto various substrates (stainless steel, aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, glass, ceramic, etc.) using a screen printing process, and then applies electricity to generate heat, thereby converting electrical energy into thermal energy. When an electric current flows, the resistive material within the thick film generates heat, which heats the coolant.

[0122] In related technologies, the dimensions of the heating element are large, and due to the relationship between the cross-sectional area of ​​the flow path within the heating element and the cross-sectional area of ​​the inlet chamber in the inlet pipe, the liquid cannot flow through each flow path of the heating element. Instead, all the liquid flows into the flow path at the front end, resulting in an uneven distribution of the liquid between the inlet chamber and the flow path, which significantly reduces the heat exchange efficiency of the thick-film heater assembly.

[0123] Based on this, the present application discloses a thick film heater assembly and a vehicle heater, which allows liquid to flow into each flow path when it flows from the inlet pipe into the flow path, avoiding situations where some flow paths are empty of liquid, ensuring uniformity of liquid flow between the inlet pipe and the flow path, and improving the heat exchange efficiency of the thick film heater assembly.

[0124] The present technical solution will be further described below based on examples and drawings.

[0125] Refer to Figures 1 to 3. One embodiment of the present invention provides a thick film heater assembly A, which includes a heating element 1, the heating element 1 having a first surface 1a, a first side surface 1b, and a second side surface 1c, the first side surface 1b and the second side surface 1c being connected to both sides of the first surface 1a. As shown in Figure 6, a plurality of channels 11 are formed within the heating element 1, the plurality of channels 11 are spaced apart along a first direction X, the channels 11 penetrate the first side surface 1b and the second side surface 1c, and two adjacent channels are separated by a partition rib 13. The channels 11 are used to pass a liquid such as a coolant or water so that the heating element 1 heats the liquid in the channels 11.

[0126] Referring to Figures 3 and 4, the thick film heater assembly A further includes an inlet pipe 2, which is connected to a first side surface 1b of the heating element 1 and communicates with a plurality of flow channels 11, forming an inlet chamber 21 within the inlet pipe 2. The inlet pipe 2 communicates with an external liquid supply source such as coolant or water, and transports the coolant or water into the flow channels 11 via the inlet pipe 2.

[0127] The thick-film heater assembly A further includes an outlet pipe 3, which is connected to a second side surface 1c of the heating element 1 and communicates with a plurality of flow channels 11. The outlet pipe 3 communicates with the heating system inside the vehicle and transports heated coolant or a liquid such as water to the heating system via the outlet pipe 3, supplying warm air to the interior of the vehicle via the heating system.

[0128] As shown in Figures 1 and 6, the thick film heater assembly A further includes a heating film 4, which is placed on the first surface 1a of the heating element 1, and heat emitted from the heating film 4 heats the liquid in the flow path 11.

[0129] The minimum radial cross-sectional area of ​​the inlet chamber 21 of the inlet pipe 2 is greater than the maximum cross-sectional area of ​​each flow path 11 in the first direction X.

[0130] The first direction X is the direction from left to right in Figure 5, and each flow path 11 refers to each flow path 11 in all the flow paths 11, meaning that the minimum radial cross-sectional area of ​​the inlet chamber 21 is greater than the maximum cross-sectional area in the first direction X of any of the flow paths 11 in all the flow paths 11.

[0131] In this embodiment, the inner diameter of the inlet pipe 2 is not uniform; that is, there are areas with a larger inner diameter and areas with a smaller inner diameter. Therefore, the minimum radial cross-sectional area of ​​the inlet chamber 21 refers to the minimum area of ​​the radial cross-section of the inlet pipe 2 within the inlet chamber 21. On the other hand, the maximum cross-sectional area of ​​the flow path 11 in the first direction X refers to the maximum area of ​​the cross-section of the flow path 11.

[0132] A coolant or liquid such as water flows into the inlet chamber 21 through the inlet of the inlet pipe 2, and then flows from the inlet chamber 21 into the flow path 11 of the heating element 1. If the minimum radial cross-sectional area of ​​the inlet pipe 2 in the inlet chamber 21 is the same as the maximum cross-sectional area in the first direction X of each flow path 11, or if the minimum radial cross-sectional area of ​​the inlet pipe 2 in the inlet chamber 21 is smaller than the maximum cross-sectional area in the first direction X of each flow path 11, the liquid will not be able to fill the entire inlet chamber 21 after flowing in from the inlet of the inlet pipe 2. As a result, the liquid will flow directly into the flow path 11 close to the inlet of the inlet pipe 2, reducing the amount of liquid that flows to the rear end of the inlet chamber 21, decreasing the flow rate in the flow path 11 away from the inlet of the inlet pipe 2, and consequently preventing liquid from passing through the flow path 11 away from the inlet of the inlet pipe 2. This results in uneven liquid flow within the heating element 1, reducing the heating efficiency of the heating element 1 and decreasing the heat exchange efficiency of the thick film heater assembly A.

[0133] Therefore, in the embodiment of the present invention, the minimum radial cross-sectional area of ​​the inlet chamber 21 is smaller than the maximum cross-sectional area of ​​each flow path 11 in the first direction X, ensuring that the liquid flows uniformly into each flow path 11 after flowing from the inlet pipe 2 into the inlet chamber 21, thereby making the liquid flow within the flow path 11 more uniform. Furthermore, when the liquid flows from the inlet chamber 21 of the inlet pipe 2 into the flow path 11, the cross-sectional area of ​​the flow path 11 is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the inlet chamber 21, thus reducing the liquid flow resistance within the flow path 11, ensuring uniformity of the liquid flow within the flow path 11, improving the heating efficiency of the heating element 1, and improving the heat exchange efficiency of the thick film heater assembly A.

[0134] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 4, the heating element 1 further includes a second surface 1d, the second surface 1d is positioned opposite the first surface 1a, and a heating film 4 is provided on both the first surface 1a and the second surface 1d of the heating element 1.

[0135] Since both the first surface 1a and the second surface 1d are covered with the heating film 4, the heating area is significantly enlarged. A larger heating area allows heat to be transferred more quickly into the flow path 11 of the heating element 1, thereby improving the overall heating efficiency. Furthermore, the double-sided heating design helps ensure temperature uniformity when heating the heating element 1. When both sides are heated, heat is distributed more uniformly throughout the heating element 1, reducing the occurrence of temperature gradients. This not only improves the heating effect but also prevents damage due to localized overheating, extending the service life of the heating element 1.

[0136] The heating film 4 includes an insulating layer, a resistive layer, a conductive layer, and a protective layer, and the heating film 4 is printed on the surface of the heating element 1 by a screen printing process. When printing the heating film 4, first an insulating layer is printed on the surface of the heating element 1, and then a resistive layer is printed on the insulating layer. The insulating layer effectively prevents current from directly passing through the heating element 1, avoiding the risk of short circuits and electric shock. The insulating layer also reduces the influence of environmental factors on the resistive layer, thereby improving the stability of the heating film 4 and extending its service life. Next, a conductive layer is printed on the resistive layer. The conductive layer has good conductivity, and the conductive layer reduces the resistance of the heating film 4, thereby reducing energy consumption and improving heating efficiency. The design of the conductive layer ensures that current is uniformly distributed across the heating film 4, avoiding localized overheating and current concentration, thereby improving the uniformity and stability of heating. Finally, a protective layer is printed on the conductive layer. This protective layer can withstand external physical shocks and abrasion, protecting the heating film 4 from damage. In addition, the protective layer has waterproof and moisture-proof properties, preventing moisture and other liquids from entering the heating film 4 and ensuring its normal operation.

[0137] Furthermore, the thick film heater assembly A further includes a heating film pad 6, which is installed on the first surface 1a of the heating element 1, and the heating film pad 6 is used to supply current to the conductor layer in the heating film 4 from an external power source.

[0138] For example, when current is passed from the heating film pad 6 to the conductor layer, the current is supplied from the conductor layer to the resistive layer, the resistive layer generates heat after the current is applied, the heat released from the resistive layer is transferred into the flow channel 11, and heat exchange occurs with the coolant or water or other liquid in the flow channel 11, thereby heating the coolant or water.

[0139] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 6, the inner diameter of the inlet pipe 2 is equal at all positions along the axial direction of the inlet pipe 2, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the flow path 11 is equal at all positions along the direction of extension of the flow path 11. This means that the inlet pipe 2 is a uniform pipe, the radial cross-sectional area of ​​the inlet chamber 21 is equal at all positions, and the flow path 11 is a passage with a uniform internal space.

[0140] If the radial cross-sectional area is not equal in a portion of the inlet chamber 21, the flow resistance of the liquid will constantly change due to the change in the cross-sectional area of ​​the inlet chamber 21 as the liquid flows from the inlet of the inlet pipe 2 into the inlet chamber 21, resulting in a greater pressure loss in the inlet chamber 21. Similarly, if the cross-sectional area in the first direction is not equal in a portion of the flow path 11, the flow resistance of the liquid will constantly change due to the change in the cross-sectional area of ​​the flow path 11 as the liquid flows through the flow path 11, slowing down the flow of the liquid in the flow path 11 and reducing the heating efficiency of the heating element 1.

[0141] Therefore, in the embodiment of the present invention, the inner diameter of the inlet pipe 2 is equal at all positions, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the flow path 11 is equal at all positions, thereby avoiding pressure loss when the liquid flows through the inlet chamber 21 and the flow path 11, ensuring that the liquid has sufficient flow pressure, and guaranteeing the heating efficiency of the heating element 1.

[0142] In some embodiments, referring to Figures 4 and 6, the ratio of the radial cross-sectional area of ​​the inflow chamber 21 to the cross-sectional area of ​​one flow path 11 in the first direction X is 10 to 30.

[0143] If the ratio of the radial cross-sectional area of ​​the inlet chamber 21 to the cross-sectional area of ​​one flow path 11 in the first direction X is less than 10, then after the liquid flows into the inlet chamber 21 from the inlet of the inlet pipe 2, a vortex or uneven flow occurs at the rear end of the inlet chamber. This reduces the flow rate of the liquid into the flow path 11 away from the inlet of the inlet pipe 2, which worsens the uniformity of the liquid flow within the flow path 11 and lowers the heating efficiency of the heating element 1.

[0144] If the ratio of the radial cross-sectional area of ​​the inlet chamber 21 to the cross-sectional area of ​​one flow path 11 in the first direction X is greater than 30, it means that the inner diameter of the inlet pipe 2 is large. This increases the flow rate of the liquid in the inlet pipe 2, but it also increases the size of the inlet pipe 2 and the overall size of the thick film heater assembly A. The thick film heater assembly A is widely used in the heat exchange system inside vehicles, and since the space inside the vehicle is compact, increasing the size of the inlet pipe 2 is undesirable for the compact layout inside the vehicle.

[0145] Therefore, in this embodiment, the ratio of the radial cross-sectional area of ​​the inlet chamber 21 to the cross-sectional area of ​​one flow path 11 in the first direction X is 10 to 30, which ensures uniformity of liquid flow in the flow path 11. As the liquid is thoroughly mixed and uniformly distributed in the inlet chamber 21, when the liquid flows into the flow path 11 and through the heating film 4, it can absorb thermal energy more uniformly, improving the heating efficiency of the heating element 1, and allowing the dimensions of the thick film heater assembly A to fit into the compact layout of the vehicle.

[0146] Furthermore, when the ratio of the radial cross-sectional area of ​​the inlet chamber 21 to the cross-sectional area of ​​one flow path 11 in the first direction X is between 10 and 30, the larger the ratio, the more uniform the liquid flow within the flow path 11 becomes, and the lower the resistance to the liquid flow. When the ratio of the radial cross-sectional area of ​​the inlet chamber 21 to the cross-sectional area of ​​one flow path 11 in the first direction X exceeds 30, the flow field in which the liquid flows within the flow path 11 tends to be more stable.

[0147] In some embodiments, the ratio of the radial cross-sectional area of ​​the inflow chamber 21 to the cross-sectional area of ​​one flow path 11 in the first direction X is 15 to 20.

[0148] If the ratio of the radial cross-sectional area of ​​the inlet chamber 21 to the cross-sectional area of ​​one flow path 11 in the first direction X is between 10 and 15, the inlet chamber 21 may not be able to provide sufficient liquid space to ensure a uniform distribution of the liquid before it flows into the flow path 11. The non-uniform flow of liquid within the flow path 11 results in non-uniform heating of the liquid by the heating film 4, which affects the heating efficiency of the heating element 1.

[0149] When the ratio of the radial cross-sectional area of ​​the inlet chamber 21 to the cross-sectional area of ​​one flow path 11 in the first direction X is 20 to 30, the uniformity of liquid flow within the flow path 11 is satisfied, but the dimensions and weight of the inlet pipe 2 increase, the space required for the thick-film heater assembly A increases, and the manufacturing cost also increases.

[0150] Therefore, in this embodiment, when the ratio of the radial cross-sectional area of ​​the inlet chamber 21 to the cross-sectional area of ​​one flow path 11 in the first direction X is within 15 to 20, the inlet chamber 21 can more effectively and uniformly distribute the liquid, ensuring that each flow path 11 obtains a relatively uniform fluid flow rate, which contributes to reducing the decrease in heating efficiency and increase in energy consumption due to uneven liquid distribution. Furthermore, it is possible to further reduce the resistance when the liquid flows into and out of the flow path 11, contributing to the improvement of the hydrodynamic characteristics of the thick film heater assembly A, reducing energy consumption, and improving overall efficiency. In addition, within this ratio range, the liquid flow within the flow path 11 becomes more uniform, thereby improving the uniformity of fluid heating by the heating film 4 and improving the heating efficiency of the heating element 1.

[0151] In some embodiments, referring to Figures 5 and 6, the direction of extension of the flow path 11 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the inlet pipe 2. That is, the flow path 11 and the inlet pipe 2 are arranged perpendicularly to each other.

[0152] When an "S" shaped channel is formed between the flow path 11 and the inlet pipe 2, the numerous bends in the channel cause friction at the bends as the liquid flows through the channel. This results in excessive resistance to liquid flow, reducing the heating efficiency of the heating element 1. To overcome this resistance, a large pumping pressure must be applied to the liquid, increasing energy consumption.

[0153] When a U-shaped channel is formed between the flow path 11 and the inlet pipe 2, vortices and bubbles are generated at the inlet end of the U-shaped channel, which affects the fluid stability of the liquid and reduces the heating efficiency of the heating element 1. Also, when the liquid flows through the U-shaped channel, the direction of liquid flow reverses by 180°, and when the direction of liquid flow changes, the liquid experiences significant resistance, reducing the heat exchange efficiency of the thick-film heater assembly A.

[0154] Therefore, in this embodiment, the flow path 11 and the inlet pipe 2 are arranged vertically, which helps to achieve better direction change and distribution when the liquid flows into the flow path 11. Also, since the liquid flows in from the inlet pipe 2 at a constant speed, the vertical flow path 11 ensures a reduction in the formation of vortices and turbulence when the liquid passes through bends, thereby reducing pressure loss. This also helps the liquid to form a more uniform and stable flow state within the flow path 11, and can improve heating efficiency.

[0155] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 7 and 8, an opening 22 is provided on the side of the inlet pipe 2 facing the heating element 1, and the width of the opening 22 is greater than the thickness of the heating element 1, along a direction perpendicular to the first surface 1a.

[0156] The heating element 1 further includes a connecting member 5, which is used to connect one end of the heating element 1, adjacent to the first side surface 1b, to the opening 22 of the inlet pipe 2.

[0157] Since the width of the opening 22 of the inlet pipe 2 is greater than the thickness of the heating element 1, the heating element 1 cannot be directly connected to the opening of the inlet pipe 2. Therefore, the heating element 1 is connected to the opening 22 of the inlet pipe 2 via a connecting member 5.

[0158] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 9, the connecting member 5 is sealed to the opening 22 of the inlet pipe 2, the connecting member 5 is provided with a through hole 51, the through hole 51 penetrates the connecting member 5 along the extending direction of the flow path 11, and one end of the heating element 1 that is close to the first side surface 1b is inserted into the through hole 51 of the connecting member 5 and fixedly connected to the through hole 51.

[0159] Since an opening 22 is provided on the side of the inlet pipe 2 facing the heating element 1, it is necessary to prevent liquid from leaking between the opening 22 of the inlet pipe 2 and the connecting member 5 after the inlet pipe 2 and the heating element 1 are assembled. Therefore, by sealing the connection between the connecting member 5 and the opening 22 of the inlet pipe 2, leakage of liquid as it flows from the inlet pipe 2 into the flow path 11 is prevented, and one end of the heating element 1 that is close to the first side surface 1b is inserted into the through hole 51 of the connecting member 5, ensuring that the liquid flows smoothly from the inlet chamber 21 of the inlet pipe 2 into the flow path 11 of the heating element 1, thereby ensuring the heating efficiency of the heating element 1.

[0160] The seal connection between the connecting member 5 and the opening 22 may be a flange seal, a welded seal, or a seal ring seal, and this embodiment is not specifically limited to these. Exemplarily, the connection between the connecting member 5 and the opening 22 is sealed by a flange. Flange connection is a common sealing method, using a flange and bolts to tightly press the connecting member 5 and the opening 22 together, allowing for easy removal and replacement of the inlet pipe 2 or the connecting member 5.

[0161] In some embodiments, referring to Figures 9 and 10, the edge of the opening 22 of the inlet pipe 2 adjacent to the heating element 1 has a groove 221, the connecting member 5 has a flange 52, the flange 52 is inserted into the groove 221 and abuts against the bottom of the groove 221 along the extending direction of the flow path 11.

[0162] The groove 221 and flange 52 increase the contact area between the connecting member 5 and the opening 22, thereby improving the stability of the connection. At the same time, the flange 52 is inserted into the groove 221 and abuts against the bottom of the groove, forming an effective sealing structure. This reduces the risk of leakage when liquid flows from the inlet chamber 21 into the flow path 11, ensuring a smooth flow of liquid. Furthermore, the groove 221 and flange 52 facilitate alignment and positioning of the connecting member 5 during installation, reducing the difficulty of installation, improving installation efficiency, and simultaneously reducing connection problems due to improper installation.

[0163] In some embodiments, referring to Figures 9 and 10, the inner wall of the through hole 51 has a stopper portion 511, and one end of the heating element 1 adjacent to the first side surface 1b has a stopper surface 12, with the stopper portion 511 in contact with the stopper surface 12 along the extending direction of the flow path 11. The cooperation of the stopper portion 511 and the stopper surface 12 ensures the precise positioning of the heating element 1 within the through hole 51, prevents the heating element 1 from moving in the extending direction of the flow path 11, thereby achieving stable fixation and ensuring precise alignment between the flow path 11 and the opening 22. Furthermore, the contact between the stopper portion 511 and the stopper surface 12 increases the contact area between the heating element 1 and the connecting member 5, thereby improving the connection strength, preventing loosening of the connection due to vibration or fluid pressure, and improving the overall stability of the heating element 1 and the connecting member 5.

[0164] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 10, the end face of the heating element 1 is flush with the surface of the connecting member 5 that faces the inlet chamber 21.

[0165] When the end face of the heating element 1 protrudes from the surface of the connecting member 5 facing the inlet chamber 21, that is, when one end of the heating element 1 close to the first side surface 1b is inserted into the inlet chamber 21 of the inlet pipe 2, the flow of liquid in the inlet chamber of the inlet pipe 2 is obstructed or interfered with by the portion of the heating element 1 inserted into the inlet chamber 21, thereby increasing the resistance to liquid flow in the inlet chamber 21, reducing the smoothness of liquid flow, and decreasing the heating efficiency of the heating element 1.

[0166] Therefore, by making the end face of the heating element 1 and the surface of the connecting member 5 facing the inflow chamber 21 flush, it is possible to ensure that the liquid is uniformly distributed and flows smoothly within the inflow chamber 21, ensuring that there is sufficient flow pressure when the liquid flows into the flow path 11, thereby improving the heating efficiency of the heating element 1.

[0167] In some embodiments, both the inlet pipe 2 and the heating element 1 are connected to the connecting member 5 by a laser welding process. Laser welding is an efficient and precise welding method that uses a high-energy-density laser beam as a heat source. The laser irradiation heats the surface of the workpiece, and the heat from the surface diffuses into the interior by thermal conduction. By controlling laser parameters such as the width, energy, peak power, and repetition frequency of the laser pulse, the workpiece is melted and a specific molten pool is formed.

[0168] The laser welding process enables high-precision, high-quality welding, resulting in a strong and reliable connection between the inlet pipe 2, the heating element 1, and the connecting member 5. Furthermore, the welded joint formed by laser welding possesses high strength and sealing properties, can withstand high pressure, and effectively prevent liquid leakage.

[0169] Furthermore, the laser welding process reduces thermal deformation and residual stress during the welding process, thereby improving the mechanical properties and fatigue resistance of the welded joint. This makes the thick-film heater assembly A more stable and reliable during use, extending its service life.

[0170] Furthermore, the outlet pipe 3 has the same structure as the inlet pipe 2, and the outlet pipe 3 and inlet pipe 2 can be used interchangeably. Also, the outlet pipe 3 and the heating element 1 are connected by a connecting member 5, and the connection with the connecting member 5 is achieved by a laser welding process. Since the effect is the same as that of the inlet pipe 2, this embodiment will not be described in detail here.

[0171] The heating element 1 is a microchannel flattened tube. Because the microchannel flattened tube has a minute flow channel structure inside, the heat exchange area is greatly increased, resulting in faster and more efficient heat transfer. Furthermore, the microchannel flattened tube can perform heat exchange in a shorter time, improving heating efficiency.

[0172] Furthermore, the flattened microchannel tube, with its flattened outer shape and minute flow path dimensions 11, significantly reduces the overall space occupied by the thick-film heater assembly A. In situations where space inside a vehicle is limited, such a compact structural design contributes to the realization of a compact engine compartment layout, improves the overall space utilization rate of the vehicle, and reduces the overall weight of the vehicle, contributing to the lightweight design of automobiles.

[0173] As shown in Figure 3, the thick film heater assembly A further includes a temperature sensor harness 7, which is installed on the outer surfaces of the inlet pipe 2 and outlet pipe 3, and is used to collect the temperature of the liquid in the inlet pipe 2 and outlet pipe 3. The temperature sensor harness 7 allows for real-time monitoring of the liquid temperature in the inlet pipe 2 and outlet pipe 3, which helps to control the heating film 4 to respond to temperature changes in a timely manner, adjust the heating output, and ensure that the liquid operates within an appropriate temperature range. Furthermore, by monitoring the temperature in real time, the heating output of the thick film heater assembly A can be accurately controlled, avoiding overheating or underheating, and contributing to improved heating efficiency, reduced energy consumption, and lower running costs. In addition, the real-time monitoring function of the temperature sensor harness 7 helps in the timely detection of temperature anomalies, such as overheating or overcooling. This prompts the operator to take timely countermeasures, preventing damage to the thick film heater assembly A or the occurrence of safety accidents.

[0174] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 11 to 13, the heating film 4 may include a resistive layer 41, the resistive layer 41 includes a plurality of strip-shaped resistors 411, the plurality of strip-shaped resistors 411 are arranged along a first direction X, and each strip-shaped resistor 411 is installed corresponding to each partition rib 13, the first direction X is the direction from left to right in Figure 13.

[0175] When current is applied to the heating film 4, the strip-shaped resistors 411 in the heating film 4 are the main source of heat generation. Therefore, the installation position of the strip-shaped resistors 411 is closely related to the heat exchange efficiency of the thick-film heater assembly A. If the strip-shaped resistors 411 are installed on the surface of the heating element 1 where no flow path 11 is installed, the heat generated by the strip-shaped resistors 411 will accumulate in the physical structure of the heating element 1 where the flow path 11 is not installed. The accumulation of heat released from the strip-shaped resistors 411 will cause a localized abnormally high-temperature region in the heating element 1. If dry heating continues for a long time, the heating element 1 will deform or be damaged, significantly increasing the safety risk of the thick-film heater assembly A.

[0176] Therefore, in the embodiment of the present application, each strip-shaped resistor 411 is installed corresponding to each partition rib 13, and since the partition rib 13 is located between two adjacent flow channels 11, it is ensured that a flow channel 11 is installed below the position where the strip-shaped resistor 411 is installed. This ensures that when the strip-shaped resistor 411 dissipates heat, the heat is transferred through the flow channel 11 to the coolant or water in the flow channel 11, and heat exchange takes place. In this way, when the strip-shaped resistor 411 generates heat, it is possible to avoid the occurrence of an abnormally high temperature region in the heating element 1, which causes dry heating, and thus the service life and safety of the thick film heater assembly A can be ensured.

[0177] In some embodiments, the heating film 4 further includes an insulating layer, which is installed on the first surface 1a, and the resistive layer 41 is installed on the insulating layer. Since the insulating layer is located between the resistive layer 41 and the first surface 1a of the heating element 1, it effectively prevents current from directly passing through the heating element 1, thereby avoiding the risk of short circuits and electric shock. In addition, the insulating layer can reduce the influence of environmental factors on the resistive layer 41, thereby improving the stability of the heating film 4 and extending its service life.

[0178] The heating film 4 further includes a conductive layer, which is placed on a resistive layer. The conductive layer has good conductivity, and by being present, the resistance of the heating film 4 can be reduced, thereby reducing energy consumption and improving heating efficiency. In addition, the design of the conductive layer ensures that the current is uniformly distributed across the heating film 4, avoiding localized overheating and current concentration, thereby improving the uniformity and stability of heating.

[0179] The heating film 4 further includes a protective layer, which is installed on the conductor layer. Because the protective layer is located on top of the conductor layer, it can withstand external physical shocks and abrasion, protecting the heating film 4 from damage. In addition, the protective layer has waterproof and moisture-proof properties, preventing moisture and other liquids from entering the interior of the heating film 4 and ensuring the normal operation of the heating film 4.

[0180] As shown in Figure 13, the thick film heater assembly A further includes a heating film pad 6, which is installed on the first surface 1a of the heating element 1, and is used to supply current to the conductive layer in the heating film 4 from an external power source.

[0181] For example, when current is supplied to the conductor layer from the heating film pad 6, the current is supplied from the conductor layer to the resistive layer 41. The resistive layer 41 generates heat after the current is supplied, and the heat released from the strip-shaped resistors 411 in the resistive layer 41 is transferred into the flow channel 11, where it exchanges heat with the coolant or water in the flow channel 11, thereby heating the coolant or water.

[0182] In some embodiments, referring to Figures 2 and 5, the widthwise center of each strip-shaped resistor 411 corresponds to the thicknesswise center of each partition rib 13.

[0183] The widthwise center of the strip-shaped resistor 411 is the widthwise center of the strip-shaped resistor 411 in the first direction X, and similarly, the thicknesswise center of the partition rib 13 is the thicknesswise center of the partition rib 13 in the first direction X.

[0184] By having the widthwise center of the strip-shaped resistor 411 correspond to the thicknesswise center of the partition rib 13, when the strip-shaped resistor 411 generates heat, the heat is directly transferred to the partition rib 13 via the strip-shaped resistor 411, heating the coolant or water in the flow path 11 and improving heat conduction efficiency. This results in a more uniform heating effect around each flow path 11, avoiding localized overheating or underheating, ensuring that the coolant or water in the flow path 11 maintains a uniform temperature during heating, and contributing to improved heating uniformity and stability.

[0185] In some embodiments, the longitudinal direction of the partition rib 13 is perpendicular to the first direction X, and the thickness P of the partition rib 13 in the first direction X is smaller than the width of the strip-shaped resistor 411 in the first direction X. That is, one strip-shaped resistor 411 partially covers the flow paths on both sides of one partition rib 13 in the first direction X.

[0186] In this way, when the strip-shaped resistor 411 generates heat, a portion of the heat is transferred from the first surface 1a into the flow channel 11, and the remaining portion is transferred into the flow channel 11 via the partition rib 13. This ensures that the heat released from the strip-shaped resistor 411 is uniformly transferred into the flow channel 11, improving the thermal conductivity of the strip-shaped resistor 411 and thereby improving the heating efficiency of the thick-film heater assembly A.

[0187] In some embodiments, the heating element 1 further includes two first plates 14 installed opposite each other, a plurality of partition ribs 13 connected between the two first plates 14, the partition ribs 13 and the two first plates 14 forming a passage 11, and the ratio of the thickness P of the partition ribs 13 to the thickness N of the first plates 14 is 0.8 to 1.

[0188] If the ratio of the thickness P of the partition rib 13 to the thickness N of the first plate 14 is less than 0.8, it means that the thickness P of the partition rib 13 is much smaller than the thickness N of the first plate 14. This weakens the support function of the partition rib 13 on the first plate 14, making the first plate 14 more susceptible to deformation or damage when subjected to large pressure or temperature changes.

[0189] If the ratio of the thickness P of the partition rib 13 to the thickness N of the first plate 14 is greater than 1, it means that the thickness P of the partition rib 13 is greater than the thickness N of the first plate 14. This ensures that the partition rib 13 can adequately support the first plate 14, but the path through which the strip-shaped resistor 411 transfers heat into the flow path 11 via the partition rib 13 becomes longer, reducing the heat transfer efficiency of the partition rib 13 and consequently the heat exchange efficiency of the heating element 1.

[0190] Therefore, in the embodiment of the present application, the ratio of the thickness P of the partition rib 13 to the thickness N of the first plate body is 0.8 to 1. This allows the thickness P of the partition rib 13 to provide support to the first plate body 14, while also preventing the heat transfer path from the strip-shaped resistor 411 to the partition rib 13 from becoming excessively long. This ensures efficient heat transfer through the partition rib 13 and guarantees the heat exchange efficiency of the heating element 1.

[0191] In some embodiments, the thickness N of the first plate 14 is 0.5 mm to 2.5 mm.

[0192] If the thickness N of the first plate 14 is less than 0.5 mm, the mechanical strength of the first plate 14 decreases significantly, making it prone to deformation or damage when subjected to pressure or external force, which prevents the heating element 1 from being used normally.

[0193] If the thickness N of the first plate 14 is greater than 2.5 mm, the mechanical strength of the first plate 14 is sufficient. However, if the first plate 14 is excessively thick, the heat transfer path within the first plate 14 for the heat released from the strip-shaped resistor 411 becomes longer, preventing the heat from being transferred to the flow path 11 in a timely manner for heat exchange with the coolant or water, thus reducing the heat exchange efficiency of the heat-generating element 1.

[0194] Therefore, the thickness N of the first plate 14 in this embodiment is 0.5 mm to 2.5 mm, which ensures that the first plate 14 has sufficient mechanical strength to withstand pressure or external force, and also ensures that the heat transfer efficiency of the heat released from the strip-shaped resistor 411 through the first plate 14 is improved, thereby ensuring the heat exchange efficiency of the heating element 1.

[0195] For example, when the thickness N of the first plate 14 is 1 mm, the thickness P of the partition rib 13 is correspondingly 0.8 mm to 1 mm, which ensures that the heat from the heating film 4 is transferred to the liquid in the flow path 11 via the first plate 14 in a timely manner, thereby ensuring that heat exchange takes place and improving the heat exchange efficiency. When the thickness N of the first plate 14 is 2 mm, the thickness P of the partition rib 13 is correspondingly 1.6 mm to 2 mm, which ensures that the first plate 14 has sufficient mechanical strength, thereby ensuring that the structure of the first plate 14 is not damaged during long-term use and guaranteeing the service life of the heating element 1.

[0196] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 14, the heating element 1 further includes a second surface 1d, the second surface 1d is positioned opposite the first surface 1a, and a heating film 4 is provided on both the first surface 1a and the second surface 1d.

[0197] Since both the first surface 1a and the second surface 1d are covered with the heating film 4, the heating area is significantly enlarged. A larger heating area allows heat to be transferred more quickly into the flow path 11 of the heating element 1, thereby improving the overall heating efficiency. Furthermore, the double-sided heating design helps ensure temperature uniformity when heating the heating element 1. When both sides are heated, heat is distributed more uniformly throughout the heating element 1, reducing the occurrence of temperature gradients. This not only improves the heating effect but also prevents damage due to localized overheating, extending the service life of the heating element 1.

[0198] Furthermore, the heating film 4 installed on the second surface 1d is the same as the heating film 4 installed on the first surface 1a, and each strip-shaped resistor 411 is installed corresponding to the position of the partition rib 13, and the center of the strip-shaped resistor 411 in the width direction corresponds to the center of the partition rib 13 in the thickness direction.

[0199] In some embodiments, the distance M between the first surface 1a and the second surface 1d is 5 mm to 20 mm.

[0200] If the distance M between the first surface 1a and the second surface 1d of the heating element 1 is less than 5 mm, it means that the thickness of the heating element 1 is excessively thin. When the heating film 4 operates simultaneously on both sides, a significant temperature gradient is generated inside the heating element 1. If the distance is too small, the difference in the thermal expansion coefficients of the materials can cause a rapid increase in thermal stress, leading to deformation and cracking of the heating element 1, and ultimately affecting its overall performance and reliability.

[0201] If the gap M between the first surface 1a and the second surface 1d of the heating element 1 is greater than 20 mm, it means that the thickness of the heating element 1 is excessively thick. As the gap increases, the efficiency of heat transfer from the heating film 4 to the interior of the heating element 1 decreases. This is because some of the heat is released into the air during transfer, and the amount of heat released increases especially when the gap is large. As a result, the overall heating efficiency of the heating element 1 decreases, and it takes longer to reach the required temperature.

[0202] Furthermore, increasing the spacing may increase the non-uniformity of the temperature distribution within the heating element 1. Because the heat transfer path becomes longer, large temperature differences may occur at different locations within the heating element 1. This not only affects the heating effect but can also impose unwanted thermal stress on the material of the heating element 1, potentially impacting its service life.

[0203] Furthermore, a larger spacing means that the overall dimensions of the heating element 1 will be larger. This occupies more space and is undesirable for placement in the compact space inside a car.

[0204] Therefore, in this embodiment, the distance M between the first surface 1a and the second surface 1d is 5 mm to 20 mm, which not only optimizes the heat transfer efficiency from the heating film 4 to the inside of the heating element 1, but also allows the heat released from the heating film 4 to be distributed more uniformly throughout the heating element 1, thereby improving the heating effect.

[0205] For example, when the distance M between the first surface 1a and the second surface 1d is 5 mm, the heat transfer efficiency of the heating film 4 into the flow path 11 is improved. When the distance M between the first surface 1a and the second surface 1d is 20 mm, it is possible to ensure that no significant temperature gradient occurs within the heating element 1 when the heating film 4 is heated, thereby ensuring the service life of the heating element 1.

[0206] In some embodiments, the heating element 1 is a microchannel flattened tube. Because the microchannel flattened tube has a minute flow channel structure inside, the heat exchange area is greatly increased, resulting in faster and more efficient heat transfer. Furthermore, the microchannel flattened tube can perform heat exchange in a shorter time, improving heating efficiency.

[0207] Furthermore, the flattened microchannel tube, with its flattened outer shape and minute flow path dimensions 11, significantly reduces the overall space occupied by the thick-film heater assembly A. In situations where space inside a vehicle is limited, such a compact structural design contributes to the realization of a compact engine compartment layout, improves the overall space utilization rate of the vehicle, and reduces the overall weight of the vehicle, contributing to the lightweight design of automobiles.

[0208] In some embodiments, the width Q of the flow path 11 in the first direction X is 2 mm to 8 mm.

[0209] If the width Q of the flow path 11 in the first direction X is less than 2 mm, it means that the width of the flow path 11 is excessively narrow. As a result, when a liquid such as coolant or water flows through the flow path 11, it experiences greater friction and resistance, increasing the flow resistance of the liquid within the flow path 11, further increasing energy loss and pressure loss, and affecting the flow velocity and efficiency. In addition, if the width of the flow path 11 is excessively narrow, the residence time of the liquid such as coolant or water within the flow path 11 is shortened, reducing the contact time and area with the wall surface of the flow path 11, and decreasing the heat exchange efficiency.

[0210] If the width Q of the flow path 11 in the first direction X is greater than 8 mm, it means that the width of the flow path 11 is excessively wide. This results in an uneven distribution of coolant or water within the flow path 11. When a liquid such as coolant or water flows into a wide flow path 11, its flow velocity decreases, increasing the residence time of the liquid within the flow path 11. As a result, some of the heat released from the heating film 4 is not transferred to the liquid within the flow path 11, affecting the heat exchange efficiency, and causing the liquid temperature to be high in some areas and low in other areas.

[0211] Therefore, in this embodiment, the width Q of the flow path 11 in the first direction X is 2 mm to 8 mm, ensuring that a liquid such as coolant or water flows stably and smoothly within the flow path 11, and reducing resistance and pressure loss when the liquid flows within the flow path 11. Furthermore, it ensures that the liquid is uniformly distributed during heat exchange, thereby improving heat exchange efficiency and heat transfer performance.

[0212] For example, when the width Q of the flow path 11 in the first direction X is 4 mm, a good balance is achieved between the pressure loss and flow velocity of the liquid in the flow path 11. This allows a high flow velocity to be maintained with low pressure loss, increasing the liquid flow rate per unit area in the flow path 11 and improving the heat exchange efficiency of the thick-film heater assembly A. When the width Q of the flow path 11 in the first direction X is 2 mm, the liquid flow velocity in the flow path 11 is high, improving the heat exchange efficiency of the heating element 1. When the width Q of the flow path 11 in the first direction X is 8 mm, the frictional force and resistance experienced by the liquid in the flow path 11 are small, reducing energy loss and pressure loss during liquid flow, increasing the contact surface and contact time between the liquid and the inner wall of the flow path 11, and improving the heat exchange efficiency.

[0213] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 14 and 15, a protruding structure 111 is formed on the inner wall of the channel 11. The protruding structure 111 can disrupt the laminar flow of the liquid in the channel 11 and promote the formation of turbulent flow within the channel 11. Turbulence contributes to improving the heat exchange efficiency between the liquid and the inner wall of the channel 11. In addition, the protruding structure 111 increases the surface area of ​​the inner wall of the channel 11, thereby providing more heat exchange interfaces, making heat transfer more efficient, and contributing to improving the heat exchange performance of the thick film heater assembly A. Furthermore, the protruding structure 111 promotes the mixing of liquids in the channel 11, distributing liquids of different temperatures more uniformly, reducing the temperature gradient within the channel 11, and contributing to improved thermal uniformity of the entire thick film heater assembly A.

[0214] In some embodiments, the height H of the projection structure 111 protruding from the inner wall of the flow path 11 is 0.5 mm to 2 mm.

[0215] If the height H of the protruding structure 111 from the inner wall of the flow channel 11 is less than 0.5 mm, the liquid flow in the flow channel 11 can more easily maintain a laminar flow state, which may relatively reduce the heat exchange efficiency. Furthermore, a small height protruding structure 111 cannot sufficiently promote the mixing of the liquid in the flow channel 11, resulting in a temperature gradient in the liquid within the flow channel 11 and affecting the overall performance of the thick film heater assembly A. In addition, if the height of the protruding structure 111 is insufficient, the contact area between the liquid and the protruding structure 111 decreases. This increases thermal resistance and makes heat transfer more difficult.

[0216] If the height H of the protruding structure 111 from the inner wall of the flow path 11 is greater than 2 mm, the excessively tall protruding structure 111 may increase resistance during liquid flow. This resistance increases the energy loss of the liquid and reduces the overall efficiency of the thick film heater assembly A. While the protruding structure 111 itself can increase the heat exchange area, if its height is excessively large, it may partially block or obstruct the liquid flow, reducing the effectively effective heat exchange area. The reduction in heat exchange area and the non-uniformity of the liquid flow may reduce the heat transfer efficiency, which affects the heat exchange performance of the thick film heater assembly A and may prevent the desired heating effect from being achieved.

[0217] Therefore, in this embodiment, the height H of the protruding structure 111 from the inner wall of the flow path 11 is 0.5 mm to 2 mm, ensuring that the protruding structure 111 effectively increases the contact area between the liquid in the flow path 11 and the inner wall of the flow path 11, and that the protruding structure 111 does not obstruct the flow of liquid, but effectively increases the turbulence of the liquid in the flow path 11, making the liquid distribution more uniform and contributing to an improvement in the heat exchange efficiency of the heating element 1.

[0218] For example, when the height H of the projection structure 111 protruding from the inner wall of the flow path 11 is 1.25 mm, the projection structure 111 does not obstruct the flow of liquid in the flow path 11, ensuring a smooth flow of liquid, and the projection structure 111 effectively increases the contact area between the liquid and the inner wall of the flow path 11, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency. When the height H of the projection structure 111 protruding from the inner wall of the flow path 11 is 0.5 mm, an excessively high projection structure 111 can avoid obstructing or blocking the flow of liquid in the flow path 11, ensuring an effective heat exchange area between the liquid and the inner wall of the flow path 11, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency. When the height H of the projection structure 111 protruding from the inner wall of the flow path 11 is 2 mm, the contact area between the liquid in the flow path 11 and the inner wall of the flow path 11 is sufficiently increased, sufficiently promoting the mixing of the liquid in the flow path 11, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency.

[0219] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 15, the connection between two adjacent inner walls of the flow path 11 has a recessed portion 112. When the liquid flows through the flow path 11, a vacuum region is formed in the space at the four corners of the flow path 11, and since the liquid does not flow through the vacuum region, the contact between the inner wall of the flow path 11 and the liquid becomes insufficient, and the heat exchange efficiency of the heating element 1 decreases.

[0220] Therefore, the recessed portion 112 can alter the flow path of the liquid within the flow channel 11, and when the liquid flows through this region, vortices or turbulence are generated, improving the mixing effect and heat exchange efficiency of the liquid. This reduces the vacuum region of the liquid within the flow channel 11, contributing to improved uniformity and stability of the liquid.

[0221] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 15, the cross-sectional shape of the recess 112 is arc-shaped. The arc-shaped recess 112 can guide the liquid flow more smoothly, increasing turbulence and vortex flow in the recess 112, thereby reducing the vacuum region within the flow path 11, ensuring sufficient contact between the liquid and the inner wall of the flow path 11, and improving the heat exchange performance of the heating element 1. Furthermore, the arc-shaped recess 112 can distribute stress more uniformly, reducing the risk of structural damage due to stress concentration.

[0222] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 15, protrusion structures 111 are formed on multiple inner walls of the flow path 11, thereby further increasing the contact area between the liquid in the flow path 11 and the inner wall of the flow path 11, and further improving the heat exchange efficiency of the heating element 1.

[0223] The shape of the projection structure 111 may be "V" shaped, or it may have other projection shapes, such as a "V" shape with an arc-shaped valley, and this embodiment is not specifically limited to these.

[0224] In some embodiments, the material of the heating element 1 includes metallic aluminum. Metallic aluminum has good thermal conductivity and can quickly transfer heat to all parts of the heating element 1, thereby improving heating efficiency, allowing the heating element 1 to reach the required temperature in a short time, and contributing to the maintenance of a stable heating effect. Furthermore, because aluminum is a lightweight metal with relatively low density, the heating element 1 can reduce its overall weight while maintaining high performance, making installation and transportation easier. In addition, aluminum has sufficiently high strength to withstand certain mechanical and thermal stresses, ensuring the reliability of the heating element 1 for long-term use.

[0225] In some embodiments, the heating element 1 is integrally molded by an extrusion process. The extrusion process is a molding method that plastically deforms a material in a mold by extrusion, thereby obtaining a product of the desired shape and dimensions. Generally, a metal billet is placed in a container, and a large pressure is applied to push the metal billet out of the die hole, thereby forming a product with a specific shape and dimensions.

[0226] The extrusion molding process allows for a more tightly integrated material structure of the heating element 1, reducing the occurrence of internal defects and cracks, and improving overall structural strength. This contributes to ensuring stability and reliability of the heating element 1 during long-term use, as it can withstand external pressure and thermal stress. Furthermore, the extruded heating element 1 has a more uniform internal structure, contributing to uniform heat distribution and conduction. This allows the heating element 1 to reach the required temperature more quickly and maintain a stable heating effect, thereby improving heating efficiency and energy utilization. In addition, the integrated extrusion molding process reduces multiple processing and assembly steps in conventional manufacturing processes, thereby reducing manufacturing costs and time, decreasing material waste and defect rates, and improving production efficiency and resource utilization.

[0227] A second aspect of the present application discloses a vehicle heater, as shown in Figures 16 and 17, which includes a casing, the casing having a housing chamber formed within it, and which is used to house other components of the vehicle heater.

[0228] The vehicle heater further includes the thick film heater assembly A described in the first embodiment above, the thick film heater assembly A is installed in a housing chamber of the casing, and the thick film heater assembly A is used to heat the coolant.

[0229] Because the heat exchange efficiency of the thick film heater assembly A is improved, vehicle heaters employing the thick film heater assembly A can achieve efficient heating of the coolant, ensuring that the coolant reaches the required temperature in a short time and improving heating efficiency.

[0230] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 17 and 18, the inlet pipe 2 includes an inlet 2a, which is used to communicate with a liquid source.

[0231] As shown in Figures 17 and 18, the outlet pipe 3 includes an outlet 3a, which communicates with the heating system inside the vehicle. The outlet pipe 3 transports heated coolant or a liquid such as water to the heating system, and the heating system supplies warm air to the inside of the vehicle.

[0232] As shown in Figure 17, the thick film heater assembly A may further include a control device 100 that is electrically connected to the heating film and controls the heating output of the heating film.

[0233] The control device 100 may be any form of control device 100, such as an insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT), a thyristor (SCR), a field-effect transistor (MOSFET), or a relay, and is not limited thereto. In this embodiment, the control device 100 may be an insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT).

[0234] As shown in Figure 18, the thick-film heater assembly A may further include a heat conduction structure 200.

[0235] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 18, the heat conduction structure 200 may be connected between the control device 100 and the inlet pipe 2, and the heat conduction structure 200 is used to guide the heat generated by the control device 100 to the inlet pipe 2.

[0236] When the vehicle heater 1000 is in operation, the temperature of the coolant heated by the heating element 1 generally does not exceed 90°C, but the heat generated when the control device 100 is in operation is generally about 120°C. In other words, the heat generated from the control device 100 is higher than the temperature of the coolant heated by the heating element 1.

[0237] As a result, by connecting the heat conduction structure 200 between the control device 100 and the inlet pipe 2, the heat generated by the control device 100 is guided to the inlet pipe 2 using the heat conduction structure 200, and the coolant removes some of the heat generated by the control device 100 through heat conduction by the heat conduction structure 200, which helps to maintain the temperature of the control device 100 within a reasonable range, avoids the risk of performance degradation or failure of the control device 100 due to overheating, and ensures the heating effect of the vehicle heater 1000.

[0238] Furthermore, by utilizing a portion of the heat generated by the control device 100 to raise the temperature of the coolant, the heating load on the heat-generating element 1 can be reduced, thereby improving the overall energy utilization efficiency of the vehicle heater 1000.

[0239] Furthermore, it reduces reliance on additional heat dissipation devices, lowers the overall volume and weight of the vehicle heater 1000, and optimizes the vehicle's spatial layout and power performance.

[0240] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 18, the heat conduction structure 200 may be connected between the control device 100 and the outlet pipe 3, and the heat conduction structure 200 is used to guide the heat generated by the control device 100 to the outlet pipe 3.

[0241] By connecting the heat conduction structure 200 between the control device 100 and the outlet pipe 3, the heat generated by the control device 100 is guided to the outlet pipe 3 using the heat conduction structure 200. Through the heat conduction of the heat conduction structure 200, the coolant removes some of the heat generated by the control device 100, helping to maintain the temperature of the control device 100 within a reasonable range. This avoids the risk of performance degradation or failure of the control device 100 due to overheating and ensures the heating effect of the vehicle heater 1000.

[0242] Furthermore, by utilizing a portion of the heat generated by the control device 100 to raise the temperature of the coolant, the heating load on the heat-generating element 1 can be reduced, thereby improving the overall energy utilization efficiency of the vehicle heater 1000.

[0243] Furthermore, it reduces reliance on additional heat dissipation devices, lowers the overall volume and weight of the vehicle heater 1000, and optimizes the vehicle's spatial layout and power performance.

[0244] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 18, the heat conduction structure 200 is connected between the control device 100 and the inlet pipe 2 and is used to guide the heat generated by the control device 100 to the inlet pipe 2, and the heat conduction structure 200 is connected between the control device 100 and the outlet pipe 3 and is used to guide the heat generated by the control device 100 to the outlet pipe 3.

[0245] In this way, the heat from the control device 100 can be simultaneously guided to the inlet pipe 2 and the outlet pipe 3, widening the heat dissipation path. The coolant temperature in the inlet pipe 2 is relatively low, allowing it to quickly absorb the heat transferred from the control device 100 and rapidly lower the temperature of the control device 100. On the other hand, although the coolant temperature in the outlet pipe 3 is high, it is in a circulating flow state, allowing it to continuously remove heat and prevent heat from accumulating in the control device 100. This bidirectional heat dissipation method increases heat dissipation efficiency and heat dissipation area compared to heat conduction to a single water pipe or conventional heat dissipation methods, more effectively reducing the operating temperature of the control device 100, maintaining it within an appropriate operating environment temperature range at all times, and reducing problems such as performance degradation due to high temperatures, failure risk, and shortened service life. Furthermore, the close connection between the heat conduction structure 200 and the water pipes makes heat transfer more direct and efficient, reducing losses and delays during heat transfer, and allowing for a timely response to changes in the heat generation of the control device 100 during heat dissipation, thereby improving the heat dissipation effect of the heat conduction structure 200 on the control device 100.

[0246] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 18, the inlet pipe 2 has a first closed end face 2b facing the inlet 2a.

[0247] As shown in Figures 21 and 22, the heat conduction structure 200 is connected between the control device 100 and the first closed end face 2b, and the heat conduction structure 200 is used to guide the heat generated in the control device 100 to the first closed end face 2b.

[0248] In this way, by establishing a heat conduction connection with the control device 100 using the first closed end face 2b of the inlet pipe 2, it is not necessary to separately provide a large-area dedicated heat dissipation space for the control device 100. Compared to conventional methods of installing large heat dissipation fins or complex air cooling passages around the control device 100, this layout can save a significant amount of extra space. For example, if an independent air cooling heat dissipation device is used, it is necessary to secure sufficient space around the control device 100 for air to circulate, which tends to increase the overall volume of the vehicle heater 1000. By dissipating heat through the first closed end face 2b of the inlet pipe 2, the structure of the vehicle heater 1000 becomes more compact.

[0249] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 18, the outflow pipe 3 has a second closed end face 3b facing the inlet 2a.

[0250] As shown in Figures 21 and 22, the heat conduction structure 200 is connected between the control device 100 and the second closed end face 3b, and the heat conduction structure 200 is used to guide the heat generated in the control device 100 to the second closed end face 3b.

[0251] In this way, by establishing a heat conduction connection with the control device 100 using the second closed end face 3b of the outlet pipe 3, it is not necessary to separately provide a large-area dedicated heat dissipation space for the control device 100. Compared to conventional methods of installing large heat dissipation fins or complex air cooling passages around the control device 100, this layout can save a significant amount of extra space. For example, if an independent air-cooled heat dissipation device is used, it is necessary to secure sufficient space around the control device 100 for air to circulate, which tends to increase the overall volume of the vehicle heater 1000. By dissipating heat through the second closed end face 3b of the outlet pipe 3, the structure of the vehicle heater 1000 becomes more compact.

[0252] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 17 and 18, the thick film heater assembly A may further include a substrate 20, which is positioned facing a first closed end face 2b along a first direction, and the control device 100 is mounted on the substrate 20.

[0253] As shown in Figures 17 and 18, the heat conduction structure 200 may include a heat conduction sheet 201, which is connected between the control device 100 and the first closed end face 2b along a first direction.

[0254] The thermal conductive sheet 201 may be any form of thermal conductive sheet 201, such as a silicone rubber thermal conductive sheet 201, a graphite thermal conductive sheet 201, a phase-change thermal conductive sheet 201, a metal thermal conductive sheet 201, or a carbon fiber thermal conductive sheet 201, and is not limited thereto. In this embodiment, the thermal conductive sheet 201 can be made of polyimide or other materials with high voltage resistance, high insulation, and high thermal conductivity.

[0255] The thermal conductive sheet 201 can be bonded to the first closed end face 2b with a thermal conductive insulating adhesive, and the thermal conductive insulating adhesive can be a silicone polymer or other combination adhesive having heat resistance, high thermal conductivity, and high adhesive strength.

[0256] Thus, the control device 100 generates heat during operation. Since it is installed on the substrate 20, the heat is first generated inside the control device 100 and transferred to the surface in contact with the thermal conductive sheet 201, then transferred along the thermal conductive sheet 201, which transfers the heat from the surface of the control device 100 to the first closed end face 2b of the inlet pipe 2. After the heat reaches the first closed end face 2b, the heat is removed by the flow of coolant in the inlet pipe 2, thereby completing the entire heat transfer process. The presence of the thermal conductive sheet 201 provides a passage with low thermal resistance, which can accelerate the rate of heat transfer from the control device 100 to the inlet pipe 2 compared to a medium with low thermal conductivity such as air. As a result, the heat generated in the control device 100 is absorbed and removed by the coolant in a timely manner, effectively lowering the operating temperature of the control device 100, ensuring stable operation within an appropriate temperature range, and reducing the risk of performance degradation or failure due to overheating.

[0257] Furthermore, the method of connecting the control device 100 and the first closed end face 2b of the inlet pipe 2 using the heat conductive sheet 201 does not require the design of a complex heat dissipation structure such as large heat dissipation fins or additional air cooling devices, contributes to reducing the volume of the thick film heater assembly A and thus the entire vehicle heater 1000, makes the layout between each component more compact and rational, secures more space for other components or systems in the limited interior space of the vehicle, and also facilitates the installation and maintenance of the heater system.

[0258] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 17 and 18, the thick film heater assembly A may further include a substrate 20, which is positioned facing a second closed end face 3b along a first direction, and the control device 100 is mounted on the substrate 20.

[0259] As shown in Figures 17 and 18, the heat conduction structure 200 may include a heat conduction sheet 201, which is connected between the control device 100 and the second closed end face 3b along a first direction. The heat conduction sheet 201 can be bonded to the second closed end face 3b by a heat conduction insulating adhesive, the heat conduction insulating adhesive can be a silicone polymer or a combination adhesive having heat resistance, high thermal conductivity, and high adhesive strength.

[0260] Thus, the control device 100 generates heat during operation. Since it is installed on the substrate 20, the heat is first generated inside the control device 100 and transferred to the surface in contact with the thermal conductive sheet 201, then transferred along the thermal conductive sheet 201, which transfers the heat from the surface of the control device 100 to the second closed end face 3b of the outlet pipe 3. After the heat reaches the second closed end face 3b, the heat is removed by the flow of coolant in the outlet pipe 3, thereby completing the entire heat transfer process. The presence of the thermal conductive sheet 201 provides a passage with low thermal resistance, which can accelerate the rate of heat transfer from the control device 100 to the outlet pipe 3 compared to a medium with low thermal conductivity such as air. As a result, the heat generated in the control device 100 is absorbed and removed by the coolant in a timely manner, effectively lowering the operating temperature of the control device 100, ensuring stable operation within an appropriate temperature range, and reducing the risk of performance degradation or failure due to overheating.

[0261] Furthermore, the method of connecting the control device 100 and the second closed end face 3b of the outlet pipe 3 using the heat conductive sheet 201 does not require the design of a complex heat dissipation structure such as large heat dissipation fins or additional air cooling devices, contributes to reducing the volume of the thick film heater assembly A and thus the entire vehicle heater 1000, makes the layout between each component more compact and rational, secures more space for other components or systems in the limited interior space of the vehicle, and also facilitates the installation and maintenance of the heater system.

[0262] In some embodiments, the area of ​​the thermal conductive sheet 201 is greater than or equal to the area of ​​the surface of the control device 100 that is in contact with the thermal conductive sheet 201.

[0263] If the area of ​​the thermal conductive sheet 201 is smaller than the surface area of ​​the control device 100 that it contacts, some heat-generating areas of the control device 100 cannot make sufficient contact with the thermal conductive sheet 201. As a result, heat accumulates in these non-contact areas and cannot be effectively transferred through the thermal conductive sheet 201, affecting the heat dissipation effect.

[0264] In this embodiment, the area of ​​the heat conductive sheet 201 is greater than or equal to the surface area of ​​the control device 100 that contacts the heat conductive sheet 201. As a result, the heat conductive sheet 201 can completely cover the heat-generating surface of the control device 100, and the heat generated by the control device 100 is fully absorbed by the heat conductive sheet 201, preventing situations where some heat is not transferred in a timely manner due to insufficient contact area. This improves the heat transfer efficiency from the control device 100 to the heat conductive sheet 201 and ensures that the heat dissipation effect of the control device 100 reaches an optimal state. Furthermore, the large-area heat conductive sheet 201 distributes heat more uniformly across its surface, avoiding the problem of thermal stress concentration due to localized overheating. When heat is uniformly transferred to the first closed end face 2b of the inlet pipe 2 via the heat conductive sheet 201, the heat is more uniformly absorbed and removed by the coolant in the inlet pipe 2, further improving the uniformity and stability of heat dissipation of the entire heat dissipation system.

[0265] In some embodiments, the thickness of the thermal conductive sheet 201 is 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm.

[0266] By setting the thickness of the thermal conductive sheet 201 to 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm, excessive thickness of the thermal conductive sheet 201 is avoided, reducing thermal resistance during heat transfer, allowing heat to be transferred more quickly from the control device 100 to the inlet pipe 2 and outlet pipe 3, improving heat dissipation efficiency, ensuring that heat generated during the operation of the control device 100 is removed by the coolant in a timely manner, and with a thickness of 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm, the thermal conductive sheet 201 adheres tightly to the control device 100 and the first closed end face 2b with a constant mounting pressure, without causing poor contact or high contact thermal resistance due to excessive thickness. This tight contact ensures that heat is effectively transferred between the two via the thermal conductive sheet 201, maximizing the thermal conductivity of the thermal conductive sheet 201.

[0267] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 18 to 21, the vehicle heater 1000 may further include a pressing plate 30, which is connected to the casing 10 and presses the control device 100 toward the heating element 1 along a first direction.

[0268] The pressing plate 30 presses the control device 100 toward the heating element 1 along the first direction, thereby more tightly maintaining the spatial relative position between the control device 100 and the heating element 1, and ensuring secure fixation. In the limited internal space of the vehicle heater 1000, such a compact layout eliminates the need to secure extra space to prevent interference with other components due to loosening or displacement of the control device 100. For example, without the fixing action of the pressing plate 30, the control device 100 may shift position due to shaking and vibration during vehicle operation, requiring a large safety gap around it. However, the presence of the pressing plate 30 reduces such reserve space, thereby improving the density of component placement within a unit space and optimizing the space utilization efficiency inside the vehicle heater 1000.

[0269] The pressing plate 30 is generally made of metal, which improves the structural strength of the pressing plate 30.

[0270] In some embodiments, the inlet pipe 2 has a first outer wall.

[0271] As shown in Figures 22 to 24, the heat conduction structure 200 is connected between the control device 100 and the first outer tube wall, and the heat conduction structure 200 is used to guide the heat generated by the control device 100 to the first outer tube wall.

[0272] The first outer tube wall has a fixed length, providing relatively flexible spatial conditions for connecting the heat conduction structure 200. The heat conduction structure 200 can be designed and installed in various ways depending on the shape of the inlet pipe 2 and the position of the control device 100, and can be better adapted to the complex spatial environment within the vehicle heater 1000. For example, it can be designed as a curved heat conduction sheet or heat pipe, which can be closely attached to the first outer tube wall and effectively connected to the control device 100. This flexibility allows the heat conduction structure 200 to cleverly avoid other important components, such as sensors and valves, making full use of the remaining space for heat conduction, avoiding interference between the heat dissipation layout and the installation and layout of other components, further optimizing the overall spatial distribution inside the heater, allowing each component to coexist harmoniously within the limited space, and improving the overall utilization rate of space within the vehicle heater 1000.

[0273] Furthermore, because it is connected to the first outer wall of the inlet pipe 2, the structural strength and fixing method of the inlet pipe 2 itself can provide a certain support to the heat conduction structure 200. In contrast, when a heat dissipation device is individually installed on the control device 100, away from other components, an additional support structure is often required to fix the heat dissipation device and ensure its stability, and these support structures occupy additional space. On the other hand, by using the outer wall of the inlet pipe 2 for heat dissipation, the design and installation of such additional support structures can be reduced, or even eliminated, saving space in this area, making the internal space of the vehicle heater 1000 simpler and more orderly, and significantly improving space utilization.

[0274] In some embodiments, the outlet pipe 3 has a second outer wall.

[0275] As shown in Figures 22 to 24, the heat conduction structure 200 is connected between the control device 100 and the second outer tube wall, and the heat conduction structure 200 is used to guide the heat generated by the control device 100 to the second outer tube wall.

[0276] The second outer tube wall has a fixed length, providing relatively flexible spatial conditions for connecting the heat conduction structure 200. The heat conduction structure 200 can be designed and installed in various ways depending on the shape of the outlet pipe 3 and the position of the control device 100, and can be better adapted to the complex spatial environment within the vehicle heater 1000. For example, it can be designed as a curved heat conduction sheet or heat pipe, closely fitted to the second outer tube wall, and effectively connected to the control device 100. This flexibility allows the heat conduction structure 200 to cleverly avoid other important components, such as sensors and valves, making full use of the remaining space for heat conduction, avoiding interference between the heat dissipation layout and the installation and layout of other components, further optimizing the overall spatial distribution inside the heater, allowing each component to coexist harmoniously within the limited space, and improving the overall utilization rate of space within the vehicle heater 1000.

[0277] Furthermore, because it is connected to the second outer wall of the outlet pipe 3, the structural strength and fixing method of the outlet pipe 3 itself can provide a certain support to the heat conduction structure 200. In contrast, when a heat dissipation device is individually installed on the control device 100, away from other components, an additional support structure is often required to fix the heat dissipation device and ensure its stability, and these support structures occupy additional space. On the other hand, by using the outer wall of the outlet pipe 3 for heat dissipation, the design and installation of such additional support structures can be reduced, or even eliminated, saving space in this area, making the internal space of the vehicle heater 1000 simpler and more orderly, and significantly improving space utilization.

[0278] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 22 to 24, the heat conduction structure 200 may include a heat conduction bracket 202, which is installed on one side in the thickness direction of the heating element 1 and is connected to the first outer tube wall and the second outer tube wall, respectively, and the control device 100 is installed on the heat conduction bracket 202 and is heat conduction connected to the heat conduction bracket 202.

[0279] The heat conduction bracket 202 is connected to the first outer tube wall and the second outer tube wall, respectively, and the control device 100 is connected to the heat conduction bracket 202 via heat conduction. This provides the control device 100 with an efficient heat dissipation path. Heat is transferred from the control device 100 to the heat conduction bracket 202, then uniformly diffused to the first and second outer tube walls via the heat conduction bracket 202, and the heat is removed by the flow of coolant in the inlet pipe 2 and outlet pipe 3. This effectively avoids overheating problems of the control device 100 due to heat accumulation, ensures stable operation in an appropriate temperature environment, and improves heat dissipation efficiency and reliability.

[0280] Furthermore, the heat conduction bracket 202 is installed on one side in the thickness direction of the heating element 1, providing a base for stable support and fixing to the control device. This prevents significant displacement or shaking of the control device due to vehicle vibrations and swaying during vehicle operation, effectively preventing collisions and friction between the control device 100 and other components, and reducing potential damage to the control device due to mechanical vibrations.

[0281] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 22 to 24, the heat conduction structure 200 may further include a heat conduction sheet 201, which is connected between the heat conduction bracket 202 and the heat conduction surface of the control device 100.

[0282] The control device 100 generally has one metal surface and one plastic insulating surface (this is common knowledge in the field and will not be explained in detail here), and the heat conductive surface refers to the metal surface of the control device 100.

[0283] The thermal conductive sheet 201 has good thermal conductivity and, when filled between the thermal conductive bracket 202 and the thermal conductive surface of the control device 100, can effectively fill any minute gaps that may exist between them, reducing contact thermal resistance. As a result, the heat generated in the control device 100 is more smoothly transferred to the thermal conductive bracket 202 via the thermal conductive sheet 201, and further transferred to the inlet pipe 2 and outlet pipe 3 for heat dissipation. This improves the thermal conductivity efficiency of the entire heat conduction path and ensures a better heat dissipation effect for the control device 100.

[0284] Furthermore, the heat conductive sheet 201 can uniformly transfer heat from the heat conductive surface of the control device 100 to the heat conductive bracket 202. Because it has a certain degree of flexibility and adhesion, it can better adapt to the microscopic irregularities on the surfaces of the control device 100 and the heat conductive bracket 202. This allows for more uniform heat transfer between the two, avoiding localized overheating or overcooling, contributing to stable temperature control of the entire control device 100, and improving the reliability and stability of its operation.

[0285] In one feasible embodiment, as shown in Figures 24 to 26, the heat conduction bracket 202 may include a mounting portion 202a, which is installed facing the first surface 1a along the thickness direction of the heating element 1, and the control device 100 is attached to the mounting portion 202a.

[0286] As shown in Figures 24 to 26, the heat conduction bracket 202 may further include a first connection portion 202b, which is connected between the first end of the mounting portion 202a and the first outer tube wall.

[0287] As shown in Figures 24 to 26, the heat conduction bracket 202 may further include a second connection portion 202c, which is connected between the second end of the mounting portion 202a and the second outer tube wall.

[0288] The mounting portion 202a is connected to the first outer wall of the inlet pipe 2 and the second outer wall of the outlet pipe 3 by the first connection portion 202b and the second connection portion 202c, providing the control device 100 with two direct and efficient heat dissipation paths. Heat generated in the control device 100 is quickly transferred to the first connection portion 202b and the second connection portion 202c via the mounting portion 202a, and then to the inlet pipe 2 and the outlet pipe 3, respectively. The heat is removed by the flow of coolant in the pipes, improving heat dissipation efficiency, effectively preventing overheating of the control device 100, and ensuring its stable operation. Furthermore, this double connection structure allows heat to be transferred simultaneously from both ends of the mounting portion 202a to the inlet pipe 2 and the outlet pipe 3, avoiding localized overheating due to heat concentration at specific points. This allows heat to be distributed more uniformly throughout the heat conduction bracket 202 and the entire water pipe system, further improving the heat dissipation effect and contributing to extending the service life of the control device 100 and the entire system.

[0289] The first connection portion 202b and the second connection portion 202c are connected between the mounting portion 202a and the inlet pipe 2 and outlet pipe 3, thereby strengthening the connection strength between the heat conduction bracket 202 and the inlet pipe 2 and outlet pipe 3, improving the overall mechanical stability and reliability of the vehicle heater 1000, and making full use of the space in the thickness direction of the heating element 1, allowing the control device 100 to be compactly mounted on the mounting portion 202a and avoiding the control device 100 occupying an excessive amount of space on its own.

[0290] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 27, the first outer tube wall and the second outer tube wall protrude from the first surface 1a along the thickness direction of the heating element 1.

[0291] As shown in Figures 25 and 26, the mounting portion 202a is recessed toward the first surface 1a, forming a recess, and the control device 100 is mounted within the recess.

[0292] Along the thickness direction of the heating element 1, the first outer tube wall and the second outer tube wall protrude from the first surface 1a, and the mounting portion 202a is recessed toward the first surface 1a to form a recess for mounting the control device 100. This allows for full utilization of the three-dimensional space around the heating element 1, enabling the control device 100 to be fitted into the recess, resulting in a compact layout of the internal structure of the vehicle heater 1000, improving space utilization efficiency, contributing to the miniaturization design of the vehicle heater 1000, and making installation and placement easier within the limited space of a vehicle.

[0293] Furthermore, the first and second outer tube walls protrude from the first surface 1a, shortening the heat conduction path between the recess of the mounting portion 202a and the inlet pipe 2 and outlet pipe 3, resulting in lower thermal resistance. When the control device 100 generates heat, the heat is transferred more quickly and efficiently through the recess walls to the first and second outer tube walls, and further transferred to the coolant in the inlet pipe 2 and outlet pipe 3 for heat dissipation, optimizing the heat conduction effect and improving the overall heat dissipation efficiency of the system. In addition, the recess design makes the contact between the control device 100 and the first and second outer tube walls tighter and more uniform, allowing heat to be distributed more uniformly between the control device 100 and the water pipes, avoiding localized overheating, contributing to the control of temperature uniformity of the control device 100, and further improving the heat dissipation effect and the operational stability of the control device 100.

[0294] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 26, the depth of the recess along the thickness direction of the heating element 1 coincides with the thickness of the control device 100.

[0295] Along the thickness direction of the heating element 1, the depth of the recess matches the thickness of the control device 100, that is, the depth of the recess is just enough to accommodate the control device 100, so that after the control device 100 is mounted, its outer surface is approximately flush with the outer surface of the mounting portion 202a, or slightly lower than the outer surface of the mounting portion 202a.

[0296] By precisely matching the depth of the recess with the thickness of the control device 100, limited spatial resources are fully utilized, providing an appropriate mounting position for the control device 100. Furthermore, space is not wasted due to an inappropriate recess design, enabling a compact design of the internal structure of the vehicle heater 1000 and contributing to improved space utilization.

[0297] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 26, there is a predetermined gap between the lower surface of the mounting portion 202a and the first surface 1a.

[0298] The presence of gaps provides a passage for air circulation, facilitating the transfer and release of heat between components. Warm air flows upward through the gaps, removing heat generated by components such as the control device 100, while cooler ambient air is replenished through the gaps, forming natural convection, improving heat dissipation efficiency, and enabling components such as the control device 100 to operate within an appropriate temperature range.

[0299] Furthermore, the presence of a gap reduces electromagnetic coupling between the mounting portion 202a and the first surface 1a to some extent, thereby suppressing the propagation path of electromagnetic interference and improving the electromagnetic compatibility of the vehicle heater 1000.

[0300] In some embodiments, the height of the predetermined gap is 5 mm to 10 mm.

[0301] When the vehicle heater 1000 is in operation, each component expands due to the rise in temperature, and the 5 mm to 10 mm gap provides sufficient space for thermal expansion for components such as the heating element 1, inlet pipe 2, outlet pipe 3, and mounting portion 202a. As a result, excessive stress is not generated due to the components being pressed against each other during expansion, effectively avoiding problems such as deformation and damage to components due to excessive thermal stress, and extending the service life of the components.

[0302] Furthermore, this height-range gap reduces electromagnetic coupling between the mounting portion 202a and the first surface 1a, suppressing the propagation path of electromagnetic interference. This optimizes the electromagnetic environment of the vehicle heater 1000, improves its electromagnetic compatibility, and prevents the heat conduction bracket 202 from excessively occupying space in the thickness direction of the heating element 1.

[0303] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 27, a first heat conduction base portion 2c is installed on the surface of the inlet pipe 2 facing the control device 100 along the thickness direction of the heating element 1, and the first connection portion 202b is attached to the first heat conduction base portion 2c.

[0304] The first heat conduction base portion 2c, installed along the thickness direction of the heating element 1 on the side of the inlet pipe 2 facing the control device 100, provides a flat surface that is in direct contact with the inlet pipe 2 relative to the first connection portion 202b. When the control device 100 generates heat during operation, the first connection portion 202b can rapidly absorb heat from the inlet pipe 2 via the base portion. Compared to contact with the irregular surface of the inlet pipe 2, the heat conduction path is shorter and the contact is more sufficient, allowing heat to be efficiently transferred to the coolant in the inlet pipe 2 and achieving rapid heat dissipation. Furthermore, the first heat conduction base portion 2c provides a stable mounting position for the first connection portion 202b, thereby preventing heat conduction between the two from being easily interrupted or becoming unstable due to factors such as vehicle vibration.

[0305] As shown in Figure 27, a second heat conduction base portion 3c is installed on the surface of the outlet pipe 3 facing the control device 100, along the thickness direction of the heating element 1, and the second connection portion 202c is attached to the second heat conduction base portion 3c.

[0306] The second heat conduction base 3c, installed along the thickness direction of the heating element 1 on the side of the outlet pipe 3 facing the control device 100, provides a flat surface that is in direct contact with the outlet pipe 3 relative to the second connection portion 202c. When the control device 100 generates heat during operation, the second connection portion 202c can rapidly absorb heat from the outlet pipe 3 via the base. Compared to contact with the irregular surface of the outlet pipe 3, the heat conduction path is shorter and the contact is more sufficient, allowing heat to be efficiently transferred to the coolant in the outlet pipe 3 and achieving rapid heat dissipation. Furthermore, the second heat conduction base 3c provides a stable mounting position for the second connection portion 202c, thereby preventing heat conduction between the two from being easily interrupted or becoming unstable due to factors such as vehicle vibration.

[0307] The first connecting portion 202b and the second connecting portion 202c may be attached to the first heat conduction base portion 2c and the second heat conduction base portion 3c, respectively, by fasteners 203, or they may be attached to the first heat conduction base portion 2c and the second heat conduction base portion 3c, respectively, by an engagement structure, and are not limited thereto. In this embodiment, as shown in Figure 12, preferably the first connecting portion 202b and the second connecting portion 202c are attached to the first heat conduction base portion 2c and the second heat conduction base portion 3c, respectively, by fasteners 203, thereby improving the connection strength, and the fasteners 203 may be bolts, pins, etc.

[0308] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 28, a first heat conduction fin 202b1 is installed on the surface of the first connection portion 202b facing the inlet pipe 2 along the thickness direction of the heating element 1, and the first heat conduction fin 202b1 is used to guide the heat from the mounting portion 202a toward the inlet pipe 2.

[0309] A first heat conduction fin 202b1 is installed on the surface of the first connection portion 202b facing the inlet pipe 2 along the thickness direction of the heating element 1, increasing the effective contact area between the first connection portion 202b and the inlet pipe 2. The first heat conduction fin 202b1 can guide heat to be transferred more efficiently along the direction of the fin, reducing losses and obstructions during heat transfer. The heat generated at the mounting portion 202a is directly guided by the inlet pipe 2, and the heat is more concentratedly absorbed and removed by the coolant in the inlet pipe 2.

[0310] As shown in Figure 28, a second heat conduction fin 202c1 is installed along the thickness direction of the heating element 1 on the surface of the second connection portion 202c facing the outlet pipe 3, and the second heat conduction fin 202c1 is used to guide the heat from the mounting portion 202a toward the outlet pipe 3.

[0311] The second heat conduction fin 202c1 has the same function as the first heat conduction fin 202b1, and on the side of the outlet pipe 3, the second heat conduction fin 202c1 can more effectively transfer heat from the mounting portion 202a to the outlet pipe 3 by itself. Even if localized problems occur in heat dissipation of the inlet pipe 2 or if the flow rate of the coolant is uneven, the second heat conduction fin 202c1 can ensure that some heat from the mounting portion 202a is released through the outlet pipe 3, thereby providing an auxiliary heat dissipation effect while ensuring a certain degree of redundancy.

[0312] In some embodiments, the heat conduction bracket 202 is a integrally molded metal bracket.

[0313] Metals themselves have good thermal conductivity; for example, common metal materials such as copper and aluminum have high thermal conductivity and can rapidly transfer heat. The integrally molded structure avoids extra thermal resistance that may arise from the connection of different components, allowing heat to be transferred unimpeded within the heat conduction bracket 202. The heat is then smoothly transferred from the mounting portion 202a where the control device 100 is located to the first connection portion 202b and the second connection portion 202c connected to the inlet pipe 2 and outlet pipe 3, ensuring high efficiency throughout the heat conduction path and contributing to improved heat dissipation efficiency.

[0314] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 23 and 24, the thick film heater assembly A may further include a substrate 20, which is positioned opposite the end of the heating element 1 along a first direction, and the control device 100 is electrically connected to the substrate 20.

[0315] By positioning the substrate 20 and the end of the heating element 1 facing each other along the first direction, the space near the end of the heating element 1 can be fully utilized, allowing the substrate 20 to obtain an appropriate and orderly position inside the vehicle heater 1000. This contributes to the compactness of the overall layout of the thick film heater assembly A, improves the utilization rate of the limited space inside the vehicle heater 1000, and makes installation and adaptation easier in the limited space environment of a vehicle.

[0316] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 23 and 24, the vehicle heater 1000 may further include a pressing plate 30, which is connected to the casing 10 and presses the control device 100 toward the first surface 1a along the thickness direction of the heating element 1.

[0317] The pressing plate 30 is connected to the casing 10 and presses the control device 100 toward the first surface 1a along the thickness direction of the heating element 1, providing secure fixing and positional control of the control device 100. The pressing of the pressing plate 30 can effectively restrict displacement of the control device 100 in the thickness direction, preventing collision or friction with other surrounding members due to vibration, ensuring the stability of the mounting position of the control device 100, improving the overall mechanical stability of the vehicle heater 1000, and reducing the risk of failure due to loosening or displacement of components.

[0318] Furthermore, by pressing the control device 100, the pressing plate 30 makes the contact between the control device 100 and the heat conduction bracket 202 or other heat dissipation-related members (e.g., the heat conduction structure 200 corresponding to the inlet pipe 2 and outlet pipe 3) tighter and more uniform. This tighter contact reduces the contact thermal resistance, allowing heat to be transferred more smoothly from the control device 100, optimizing the heat conduction path, improving heat dissipation efficiency, and enabling the heat generated in the control device 100 to be transferred more quickly to the corresponding heat dissipation members (e.g., transferred to the inlet pipe 2 and outlet pipe 3 via the heat conduction bracket 202), and then removed by the coolant, contributing to the stable operation of the control device 100 within an appropriate temperature range.

[0319] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are merely for illustrating, and not limiting, the technical solutions of the present application. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications to the technical solutions described in the above embodiments, or equivalent substitutions of some or all of the technical features thereof, are still possible, and that such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

[0320] A Thick-film heater assembly 1 Heating element 1a First surface 1b First side surface 1c Second side surface 1d Second surface 11 Flow path 111 Projection structure 112 Recess 12 Stopper surface 13 Partition rib 14 First plate body 2 Inlet pipe 21 Inlet chamber 22 Opening 221 Groove 2a Inlet 2b First closed end surface 2c First heat conduction base 3 Outlet pipe 3a Outlet 3b Second closed end surface 3c Second heat conduction base 4 Heating film 41 Resistive layer 411 Strip-shaped resistor 5 Connecting member 51 Through hole 511 Stopper part 52 Flange 6 Pad for heating film 7 Temperature sensor harness 1000 Vehicle heater 10 Casing 20 Substrate 30 Pressing plate 100 Control device 200 Thermal conduction structure 201 Thermal conduction sheet 202 Thermal conduction bracket 202a Mounting part 202b First connection part 202b1 First thermal conduction fin 202c Second connection part 202c1 Second thermal conduction fin 203 Fastener X First direction

Claims

1. A thick film heater assembly comprising a heating element, an inlet pipe, an outlet pipe, and a heating film, wherein the heating element has a first surface, a first side surface, and a second side surface, the first side surface and the second side surface are connected to both sides of the first surface, a plurality of flow channels are formed within the heating element, the plurality of flow channels are spaced apart along a first direction, the flow channels penetrate the first side surface and the second side surface, and two adjacent flow channels are separated by a partition rib, the inlet pipe is connected to the first side surface and communicates with the plurality of flow channels, an inlet chamber is formed within the inlet pipe, the outlet pipe is connected to the second side surface and communicates with the plurality of flow channels, the heating film is installed on the first surface, and the minimum radial cross-sectional area of ​​the inlet chamber is greater than the maximum cross-sectional area of ​​each flow channel in the first direction.

2. The thick film heater assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner diameter of the inlet pipe is equal at all positions along the axial direction of the inlet pipe, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the flow path is equal at all positions along the extending direction of the flow path.

3. The thick film heater assembly according to claim 2, characterized in that the ratio of the radial cross-sectional area of ​​the inlet chamber to the cross-sectional area of ​​one of the flow channels in the first direction is 10 to 30.

4. The thick film heater assembly according to claim 3, characterized in that the ratio of the radial cross-sectional area of ​​the inlet chamber to the cross-sectional area of ​​one of the flow channels in the first direction is 15 to 20.

5. The thick film heater assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that an opening is provided on the side of the inlet pipe facing the heating element, the width of the opening is greater than the thickness of the heating element along a direction perpendicular to the first surface, the heating element further includes a connecting member, and the connecting member is used to connect one end of the heating element adjacent to the first side surface to the opening.

6. The thick film heater assembly according to claim 5, characterized in that the connecting member is sealed to the opening, the connecting member is provided with a through hole, the through hole penetrates the connecting member along the direction of extension of the flow path, and one end of the heating element adjacent to the first side surface is inserted into the through hole and fixedly connected to the through hole.

7. The thick film heater assembly according to claim 6, characterized in that the end face of the heating element is flush with the surface of the connecting member facing the inlet chamber.

8. The thick film heater assembly according to claim 1, wherein the heating film further includes a resistive layer, the resistive layer includes a plurality of strip-shaped resistors, the plurality of strip-shaped resistors are arranged sequentially along the first direction, and each strip-shaped resistor is installed corresponding to each of the partition ribs.

9. The thick film heater assembly according to claim 8, characterized in that the center of each strip-shaped resistor in the width direction corresponds to the center of each partition rib in the thickness direction.

10. The thick film heater assembly according to claim 9, characterized in that the longitudinal direction of the partition rib is perpendicular to the first direction, and the thickness of the partition rib in the first direction is smaller than the width of the strip-shaped resistor in the first direction.

11. The thick film heater assembly according to claim 10, further comprising two first plates positioned opposite each other, a plurality of partition ribs connected between the two first plates, the partition ribs and the two first plates forming a channel, and the ratio of the thickness of the partition ribs to the thickness of the first plates being 0.8 to 1.

12. The thick film heater assembly according to claim 11, characterized in that the thickness of the first plate body is 0.5 mm to 2.5 mm.

13. The thick film heater assembly according to claim 8, characterized in that the heating element further includes a second surface, the second surface is positioned opposite the first surface, and the heating film is installed on both the first surface and the second surface.

14. The thick film heater assembly according to claim 13, characterized in that the distance between the first surface and the second surface is 5 mm to 20 mm.

15. The thick film heater assembly according to claim 1 or 8, characterized in that the width of the flow path in the first direction is 2 mm to 8 mm.

16. The thick film heater assembly according to claim 8, characterized in that a protruding structure is formed on the inner wall of the flow channel, or a recess is provided at the connection point between two adjacent inner walls of the flow channel.

17. The thick film heater assembly according to claim 16, characterized in that the height of the protruding structure protruding from the inner wall of the flow path is 0.5 mm to 2 mm.

18. The thick film heater assembly according to claim 16, characterized in that the cross-sectional shape of the recessed portion is arc-shaped.

19. The thick film heater assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that the material of the heating element includes metallic aluminum, and the heating element is integrally extruded.

20. A vehicle heater comprising a casing and a thick-film heater assembly, wherein a housing chamber is formed within the casing, the thick-film heater assembly is the thick-film heater assembly described in any one of claims 1 to 19, the thick-film heater assembly is installed in the housing chamber, and the thick-film heater assembly is used to heat a coolant.

21. The vehicle heater according to claim 20, wherein the inlet pipe includes an inlet, the inlet is used to communicate with a liquid source, the outlet pipe includes an outlet, and further comprises a control device and a heat conduction structure, the control device is electrically connected to the heating film and is used to control the heating output of the heating film, the heat conduction structure is connected between the control device and the inlet pipe and is used to guide the heat generated by the control device to the inlet pipe, or the heat conduction structure is connected between the control device and the outlet pipe and is used to guide the heat generated by the control device to the outlet pipe.

22. The vehicle heater according to claim 20, wherein the inlet pipe includes an inlet, the inlet is used to communicate with a liquid source, the outlet pipe includes an outlet, and further comprises a control device and a heat conduction structure, the control device is electrically connected to the heating film and used to control the heating output of the heating film, the heat conduction structure is connected between the control device and the inlet pipe and is used to guide the heat generated by the control device to the inlet pipe, and the heat conduction structure is connected between the control device and the outlet pipe and is used to guide the heat generated by the control device to the outlet pipe.

23. The vehicle heater according to claim 21 or 22, characterized in that the inlet pipe has a first closed end face facing the inlet, the heat conduction structure is connected between the control device and the first closed end face, and the heat conduction structure is used to guide the heat generated by the control device to the first closed end face.

24. The vehicle heater according to claim 21 or 22, characterized in that the outflow pipe has a second closed end face facing the inlet, the heat conduction structure is connected between the control device and the second closed end face, and the heat conduction structure is used to guide the heat generated by the control device to the second closed end face.

25. The vehicle heater according to 23, wherein the thick film heater assembly further includes a substrate, the substrate is installed along the first direction and facing the first closed end face, the control device is installed on the substrate, the heat conduction structure includes a heat conduction sheet, and the heat conduction sheet is connected along the first direction between the control device and the first closed end face.

26. The vehicle heater according to 24, wherein the thick film heater assembly further includes a substrate, the substrate is installed along the first direction and facing the second closed end face, the control device is installed on the substrate, the heat conduction structure includes a heat conduction sheet, and the heat conduction sheet is connected along the first direction between the control device and the second closed end face.

27. The vehicle heater according to claim 25 or 26, characterized in that the thickness of the heat conductive sheet is 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm.

28. The vehicle heater according to claim 23, characterized in that the inlet pipe has a first outer pipe wall, the heat conduction structure is connected between the control device and the first outer pipe wall, and the heat conduction structure is used to guide the heat generated by the control device to the first outer pipe wall.

29. The vehicle heater according to 28, characterized in that the outlet pipe has a second outer pipe wall, the heat conduction structure is connected between the control device and the second outer pipe wall, and the heat conduction structure is used to guide the heat generated by the control device to the second outer pipe wall.

30. The vehicle heater according to claim 29, characterized in that the heat conduction structure includes a heat conduction bracket, the heat conduction bracket is installed on one side in the thickness direction of the heating element and is connected to the first outer tube wall and the second outer tube wall, respectively, and the control device is installed on the heat conduction bracket and is heat conduction connected to the heat conduction bracket.

31. The vehicle heater according to claim 30, wherein the heat conduction structure further includes a heat conduction sheet, and the heat conduction sheet is connected between the heat conduction bracket and the heat conduction surface of the control device.

32. The vehicle heater according to 31, wherein the heat conduction bracket includes a mounting portion, a first connecting portion, and a second connecting portion, the mounting portion is installed along the thickness direction of the heating element and facing the first surface, the control device is attached to the mounting portion, the first connecting portion is connected between the first end of the mounting portion and the first outer tube wall, and the second connecting portion is connected between the second end of the mounting portion and the second outer tube wall.

33. The vehicle heater according to 32, characterized in that the first outer tube wall and the second outer tube wall protrude from the first surface along the thickness direction of the heating element, the mounting portion is recessed toward the first surface to form a recess, and the control device is mounted in the recess.

34. The vehicle heater according to 33, characterized in that there is a predetermined gap between the lower surface of the mounting portion and the first surface, and the height of the predetermined gap is 5 mm to 10 mm.

35. The vehicle heater according to 32, characterized in that a first heat conduction base is provided on the surface of the inlet pipe facing the control device along the thickness direction of the heating element, and the first connection portion is attached to the first heat conduction base, and a second heat conduction base is provided on the surface of the outlet pipe facing the control device along the thickness direction of the heating element, and the second connection portion is attached to the second heat conduction base.

36. The vehicle heater according to 32, characterized in that a first heat conduction fin is installed on the surface of the first connection portion facing the inlet pipe along the thickness direction of the heating element, and the first heat conduction fin is used to guide the heat of the mounting portion toward the inlet pipe, and a second heat conduction fin is installed on the surface of the second connection portion facing the outlet pipe along the thickness direction of the heating element, and the second heat conduction fin is used to guide the heat of the mounting portion toward the outlet pipe.

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