Display substrate and display apparatus

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a display substrate and a display apparatus and belongs to the field of display technologies. The display substrate of the present disclosure comprises a base substrate and a plurality of light-emitting units provided on the base substrate; each light-emitting unit comprises a plurality of sub-light-emitting units arranged side by side in a preset direction, and angles at which light rays are emitted by the plurality of sub-light-emitting units are different, so that the display substrate is provided with at least a plurality of different viewing angles; each sub-light-emitting unit comprises at least one sub-pixel and an optical element provided on a light-emitting side of the sub-pixel; there are a plurality of sub-pixels in at least one sub-light-emitting unit of each light-emitting unit; each optical element comprises a light ray deflecting component and a first lens component that are successively arranged in a direction away from the sub-pixel; each light ray deflecting component is configured to deflect an incident light ray thereon in a direction away from a preset central axis, so that the deflected light ray is emitted to the first lens component; each first lens component is configured to adjust the emergent angle of the incident light ray thereon.

Description

Display substrate and display device Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure belongs to the field of display technology, specifically relating to a display substrate and a display device. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional display devices are often used by two or more people simultaneously, and in many situations, different viewers may want to see different images. For example, in vehicles like cars, the driver might want to see satellite navigation data on the same display, while passengers might want to see entertainment programs like movies. This can be met by using two display devices, but this takes up extra space and increases costs. Similarly, in computer games with two or more players simultaneously, each player wants to see the game from their own perspective. Traditional display devices can only achieve this by having each player view their own screen on a separate device, requiring multiple displays, which is not only space-consuming and costly but also impractical for portable games. Furthermore, if a display device could restrict the view to a specific image or picture from a fixed position, it would be ideal for applications requiring confidentiality (such as bank ATMs).

[0003] Multi-view display refers to a display technology that allows different images or pictures to be seen from different angles on a single screen. Current technologies use gratings or lenses to separate the fields of view corresponding to different images. However, gratings have low light utilization, while lenses have a limited number of viewing angles and a small effective field of view. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a display device that can achieve multi-view display while also having a wider field of view and higher light utilization. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art, and to provide a display substrate and a display device.

[0005] This disclosure provides a display substrate, comprising a substrate and a plurality of light-emitting units disposed on the substrate. Each light-emitting unit includes a plurality of sub-light-emitting units arranged side-by-side in a predetermined direction, and the light emitted by the plurality of sub-light-emitting units is at different angles, thereby giving the display substrate at least a plurality of different viewing angles. Each sub-light-emitting unit includes at least one sub-pixel and an optical element disposed on the light-emitting side of the sub-pixel.

[0006] The number of sub-pixels in at least one of the light-emitting units is multiple, and the optical element therein includes a light deflection component and a first lens component arranged sequentially along the direction away from the sub-pixel; the light deflection component is configured to deflect the light incident on it in a direction away from a preset central axis, so that the deflected light is incident on the first lens component; the first lens component is configured to adjust the exit angle of the light incident on it.

[0007] Wherein, for any one of the light-emitting units, at least two of the plurality of sub-light-emitting units are symmetrically arranged along a preset central axis;

[0008] For the two sub-light-emitting units symmetrically arranged along a preset central axis, each includes multiple sub-pixels, and the optical element therein includes a light deflection component and a first lens component arranged sequentially along the direction away from the sub-pixel; the light deflection component is configured to deflect the light incident on it in a direction away from the preset central axis, so that the deflected light is incident on the first lens component; the first lens component is configured to adjust the exit angle of the light incident on it, so that the display substrate has at least multiple different viewing angles.

[0009] The light deflection component includes at least one prism, and the incident surface of the prism and the exit surface of the prism form a first angle.

[0010] The angle between the light rays entering the light deflection component from the incident surface of the prism and the light rays exiting from the exit surface of the prism is a preset second angle.

[0011] The first included angle is determined based on the second included angle and the refractive index of the prism; the orthographic projection shape of the prism on the preset projection plane includes an isosceles triangle, and the orthographic projection shapes of the incident surface and the exit surface of the prism on the preset projection plane are respectively the two legs of the isosceles triangle; the preset projection plane is perpendicular to the substrate and parallel to the preset direction.

[0012] Wherein, the first included angle satisfies the following relationship:

[0013] Wherein, the first included angle is β, the second included angle is α, and n is the refractive index of the prism.

[0014] The orthographic projection shape of the prism on the preset projection surface includes a right triangle. The orthographic projection shape of one of the incident surface and the exit surface of the prism on the preset projection surface is the right-angled side of the right triangle, and the orthographic projection shape of the other surface on the preset projection surface is the hypotenuse of the right triangle. The preset projection surface is perpendicular to the substrate and parallel to the preset direction.

[0015] The prism is a single prism located on the light-emitting side of all sub-pixels in the sub-light-emitting unit, except for the sub-pixel furthest from the preset central axis.

[0016] The sub-light-emitting unit contains at least two prisms arranged sequentially along the preset direction. Each prism is located on the light-emitting side of at least one of the sub-pixels in the sub-light-emitting unit, and different prisms correspond to different sub-light-emitting units.

[0017] The prism consists of two parts: a first prism and a second prism. The first prism is located on the light-emitting side of the sub-pixel in the sub-light-emitting unit, excluding the sub-pixel furthest from the preset central axis. The second prism is located on the light-emitting side of the sub-pixel furthest from the preset central axis.

[0018] The incident surface of the first prism forms an angle with the incident surface of the second prism, and the exit surface of the first prism forms an angle with the exit surface of the second prism.

[0019] The second prism is configured to deflect light rays incident on the sub-pixel furthest from the preset central axis in a direction away from the preset central axis, and the first lens component is configured to cause light rays emitted from the sub-pixel furthest from the preset central axis to exit in a direction perpendicular to the substrate.

[0020] The prism has multiple incident surfaces, which are arranged sequentially along the preset direction, and the angle between each incident surface and the exit surface of the prism is different.

[0021] The prism is a single unit and is located on the light-emitting side of all the sub-pixels in the sub-light-emitting unit.

[0022] The prism has two incident surfaces, namely a first incident surface and a second incident surface. A portion of the light emitted from the sub-pixels in the light-emitting unit illuminates the first incident surface, and a portion of the light emitted from the sub-pixels illuminates the second incident surface.

[0023] The prism has two incident surfaces, namely a first incident surface and a second incident surface. The first incident surface is located on the light-emitting side of all sub-pixels in the sub-light-emitting unit except for the sub-pixel furthest from the preset central axis. The second incident surface is located on the light-emitting side of the sub-pixel furthest from the preset central axis.

[0024] The prism is a single unit and is located on the light-emitting side of all the sub-pixels in the sub-light-emitting unit.

[0025] The prism has two incident surfaces, namely a first incident surface and a second incident surface. The second incident surface is closer to the preset central axis than the first incident surface. The emitted light rays from all the sub-pixels in the sub-light-emitting unit are irradiated onto the second incident surface.

[0026] Wherein, the angle between the first incident surface of the prism and the exit surface of the prism is the first angle;

[0027] The first included angle satisfies the following relationship:

[0028] Wherein, the first included angle is β; n is the refractive index of the prism.

[0029] In the optical element comprising the light deflection component and the first lens component, the line connecting the two endpoints of the incident surface of the first optical lens projected onto a preset projection plane forms a certain angle with the plane containing the substrate; the preset projection plane is perpendicular to the plane containing the substrate and parallel to the preset direction. The incident surface of the first lens component is a plane or a convex curved surface; the exit surface of the first lens component is a convex curved surface.

[0030] The incident surface of the light deflecting component in the optical element and the incident surface of the first lens component are parallel to each other.

[0031] A first light-blocking component is provided between adjacent sub-light-emitting units in the light-emitting unit;

[0032] The display substrate further includes a second light-blocking component, and the second light-blocking component is provided between each of the light-emitting units arranged adjacent to each other in the preset direction.

[0033] In one of the second light-blocking components, one of the light-emitting units is disposed around it, and at least a portion of the edge of the first lens component overlaps the end face of the second light-blocking component away from the substrate.

[0034] The first lens component includes a main body and a first support; the main body has an incident surface and an exit surface, and the incident surface and the exit surface of the main body serve as the incident surface and the exit surface of the first lens component, respectively.

[0035] The first support portion is connected to the first main body portion and overlaps on the end face of the second light-blocking component that is away from the substrate.

[0036] The first light-blocking component includes a first light-blocking plate and a first extension connected to the first light-blocking plate and protruding toward the nearest first lens component;

[0037] The first lens component further includes a second support portion connected to the main body portion, the second support portion overlapping the first extension portion.

[0038] The first support portion has its surface away from the substrate connected to the emission surface of the main body portion as an integral structure, and extends along the length direction of the emission surface of the main body portion.

[0039] The second support portion is connected to the emission surface of the main body portion as an integral structure on the surface away from the substrate, and is parallel to the plane of the substrate.

[0040] The main body of the first lens assembly also has a non-light-incident surface that is disposed corresponding to the exit surface and connected to the incident surface of the main body.

[0041] The second light-blocking component includes a second light-blocking plate and a second extension connected to the second light-blocking plate; the second extension is located between the non-light-incident surface of the main body and the light-deflecting component.

[0042] The main body of the first lens assembly also has a non-light-incident surface that is disposed corresponding to the exit surface and connected to the incident surface of the main body.

[0043] The light deflection component and the non-light-incident surface of the main body do not overlap on the orthographic projection of the main body onto the substrate; a first reflective layer is provided on the non-light-incident surface of the main body, and a second reflective layer is provided on the surface of the light deflection component facing the second light-blocking plate.

[0044] The second light-blocking component and the first light-blocking component are connected as a single unit.

[0045] In this embodiment, at least some of the optical elements in the light-emitting units include only a second lens component; the second lens component is configured to converge the light incident thereon.

[0046] The plurality of light-emitting units in the light-emitting unit include a first sub-light-emitting unit and a second sub-light-emitting unit;

[0047] The first sub-light-emitting unit and the second sub-light-emitting unit include a plurality of the sub-pixels, the first lens component, and at least one of the prisms.

[0048] The light-emitting unit comprises three sub-light-emitting units, namely a first sub-light-emitting unit, a second sub-light-emitting unit, and a third sub-light-emitting unit arranged sequentially along the preset direction. The first sub-light-emitting unit and the second sub-light-emitting unit include multiple sub-pixels, a first lens component, and at least one prism. The third sub-light-emitting unit includes at least one sub-pixel, and the light-emitting element in the third sub-light-emitting unit includes only the second lens component.

[0049] The sub-pixels include red light sources, green light sources, and blue light sources.

[0050] The light-emitting unit includes multiple light sources, which are located in the plane of the substrate and arranged in at least two columns along a direction perpendicular to the preset direction. In each column, multiple light sources are spaced apart along a direction parallel to the preset direction, and all columns contain the same number of light sources, which are staggered one-to-one along a direction parallel to the preset direction.

[0051] The sub-pixel includes multiple light sources arranged side by side along a preset direction.

[0052] This disclosure provides a display device comprising any of the display substrates described above. Attached Figure Description

[0053] Figure 1 is a first cross-sectional schematic diagram of a single light-emitting unit on a preset projection surface provided in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0054] Figure 2 is a second cross-sectional view of a single light-emitting unit on a preset projection surface provided in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0055] Figure 3 shows the view separation simulation diagrams from seven different perspectives in Figure 2.

[0056] Figure 4 is a third cross-sectional view of a single light-emitting unit on a preset projection plane provided in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0057] Figure 5 is a two-dimensional view distribution diagram of the first to seventh viewpoints in Figure 4.

[0058] Figure 6 is a fourth cross-sectional view of a single light-emitting unit on a preset projection plane provided in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0059] Figure 7 is a two-dimensional view distribution diagram of the first to eighth viewpoints in Figure 6.

[0060] Figure 8 is a fifth cross-sectional view of a single light-emitting unit on a preset projection plane provided in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0061] Figure 9 is a sixth cross-sectional view of a single light-emitting unit on a preset projection plane provided in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0062] Figure 10 is an arrangement diagram of all light sources of a single light-emitting unit provided in an embodiment of this disclosure on the plane of the substrate.

[0063] Figure 11 is a diagram showing the arrangement of all light sources in Figure 10 as orthographic projections onto a preset projection surface.

[0064] Figure 12 is another arrangement of all light sources of a single light-emitting unit provided in an embodiment of this disclosure on a plane parallel to the substrate.

[0065] Figure 13 is a diagram showing the arrangement of all light sources in Figure 12 as orthographic projections onto a preset projection surface.

[0066] Figure 14 is a top view of a display substrate according to a first example of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0067] Figure 15 is a side view of a display substrate according to a first example of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0068] Figure 16 is a partial perspective view of a display substrate according to a first example of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0069] Figure 17 is a partial perspective view of a single light-emitting unit in a first example of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0070] Figure 18 is a cross-sectional view of a single light-emitting unit on a preset projection plane in a first example of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0071] Figure 19 is a side view of another display substrate of a first example of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0072] Figure 20 is a top view of a single light-emitting unit in a first example of an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0073] Figure 21 is a two-dimensional viewing angle distribution diagram of a single light-emitting unit in a first example of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0074] Figure 22 is another cross-sectional view of a single light-emitting unit on a preset projection plane in a first example of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0075] Figure 23 is a cross-sectional view of a single light-emitting unit on a preset projection plane in a second example of an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0076] Figure 24 is a cross-sectional view of a single light-emitting unit on a preset projection plane in a third example of an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0077] Figure 25 is a left view of a single light-emitting unit in a third example of an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0078] Figure 26 is a cross-sectional view of a single light-emitting unit on a preset projection plane in a fourth example of an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0079] Figure 27 shows the viewing angle and corresponding curve of the subpixels when multiple light sources are used as subpixels in the display substrate of this embodiment.

[0080] Figure 28 shows the viewing angle and corresponding curve of a subpixel when a single light source is used as a subpixel in the display substrate of this embodiment.

[0081] Figure 29 is a top view of a display substrate according to a fifth example of an embodiment of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0082] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0083] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this disclosure shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. The terms “first,” “second,” and similar terms used in this disclosure do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Similarly, the terms “an,” “a,” or “the,” and similar terms do not indicate a quantity limitation, but rather indicate the presence of at least one. The terms “including,” “comprising,” or “containing,” and similar terms mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. The terms “connected,” “linked,” or similar terms are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. The terms “upper,” “lower,” “left,” and “right,” etc., are used only to indicate relative positional relationships, and these relative positional relationships may change accordingly when the absolute position of the described objects changes.

[0084] Referring to Figure 1, this embodiment of the present disclosure provides a display substrate, including a substrate 120 and a plurality of light-emitting units 100 disposed on the substrate 120. Figure 1 shows only a cross-sectional schematic diagram of one of the light-emitting units 100 on a preset projection plane. Each light-emitting unit 100 in this embodiment includes at least two sub-light-emitting units 10 disposed on the substrate 120 and sequentially arranged along a preset direction X. Each sub-light-emitting unit 10 includes at least one sub-pixel and an optical element located on the emitting surface of the sub-pixel. At least some sub-light-emitting units have multiple sub-pixels, and the optical element includes a light-deflecting component and a first lens component sequentially arranged along a direction away from the sub-pixel. The light-deflecting component is configured to deflect incident light rays in a direction away from the preset central axis, so that the deflected light rays are incident on the first lens component; the first lens component is configured to adjust the emitting angle of the incident light rays, so that the display substrate has at least a plurality of different viewing angles. In other words, in the embodiments of this disclosure, optical elements consisting of a light deflection component and a first lens component are provided in at least some of the sub-light-emitting units to separate the emission pipelines of each sub-pixel, thereby enabling the display substrate to achieve multi-view display and thus improving the display effect.

[0085] For example, in Figure 1, only two sub-light-emitting units are considered in the light-emitting unit. For ease of description, these two sub-light-emitting units are referred to as the first sub-light-emitting unit and the second sub-light-emitting unit, respectively. Both the first and second sub-light-emitting units include multiple sub-pixels, and their optical elements include a light-deflecting component and a first lens component. The aforementioned preset direction X is any direction on the substrate. Taking a rectangular substrate 120 as an example, the preset direction X is, for example, parallel to the long side of the rectangular substrate. When the rectangular substrate is placed on a horizontal plane, if the long side of the rectangular substrate is parallel to the horizontal plane, then the aforementioned preset direction X is parallel to the horizontal plane. Of course, the aforementioned preset direction X can also be parallel to the short side of the rectangular substrate. When the rectangular substrate is placed on a horizontal plane, if the long side of the rectangular substrate is parallel to the horizontal plane, then the aforementioned preset direction X is perpendicular to the horizontal plane.

[0086] In some embodiments, the orthographic projections of at least two sub-light-emitting units 10 onto a preset projection plane constitute an axisymmetric structure symmetrical with respect to a preset central axis O. This preset projection plane is perpendicular to the substrate 120 and parallel to the aforementioned preset direction X, i.e., parallel to the plane of the paper in FIG1. ​​For example, the first sub-light-emitting unit 10a and the second sub-light-emitting unit 10b shown in FIG1, when projected onto the preset projection plane, constitute an axisymmetric structure symmetrical with respect to the preset central axis O. Specifically, the preset central axis O is a virtual line, not a structure actually present in the product. For example, the preset central axis O is the central axis perpendicular to the aforementioned preset direction X of the orthographic projection of the light-emitting unit 100 onto the preset projection plane. However, this embodiment is not limited to this; the preset central axis O can be a straight line of the light-emitting unit 100 at any position perpendicular to the aforementioned preset direction X. The overall structure composed of at least two sub-light-emitting units 10 is an axisymmetric structure symmetrical with respect to this central axis. Of course, in practical applications, the orthographic projections of at least two sub-light-emitting units 10 onto the preset projection plane can also be non-axisymmetric structures.

[0087] In some examples, each sub-pixel 11 includes a light source or an array of multiple light sources, such as an LED lamp or an LED chip. The light sources in the same sub-pixel 11 are configured to emit the same light, for example. Here, the same light includes, but is not limited to, the same color and brightness. At least some sub-pixels 11 in each sub-light-emitting unit 10 emit light of different colors; that is, the colors of the light emitted by all sub-pixels 11 in each sub-light-emitting unit 10 are not the same, or some are the same while others are different. In one specific embodiment, some sub-light-emitting units 10 include four sub-pixels 11. However, this disclosure is not limited to this; in practical applications, the number of sub-pixels 11 included in a sub-light-emitting unit 10 can also be two, three, five, or more. The number of sub-pixels 11 in each sub-light-emitting unit 10 can be the same or different.

[0088] In some examples, the light source in the subpixel of this disclosure embodiment may consist of a red light source, a green light source, and a blue light source to achieve full-color display.

[0089] It should be noted that each light-emitting unit 100 includes multiple light sources distributed on the plane of the substrate 120. The multiple light sources are divided into multiple light source groups according to multiple different sub-light-emitting units 10. The multiple light sources in each light source group are further divided into multiple sub-light source groups according to multiple different sub-pixels 11. That is to say, the array of one or more light sources included in each sub-pixel 11 is the light source in a partition divided from the area where all light sources are located.

[0090] In some embodiments, the multiple light sources distributed on the plane of the substrate 120 are arranged in an array, for example. Specifically, taking the arrangement of multiple light sources in each light-emitting unit 100 in a plane parallel to the substrate 120 as an example, the multiple light sources in each light-emitting unit 100 are arranged in at least two columns along a direction perpendicular to the preset direction X. The multiple light sources in each column are spaced apart along a direction parallel to the preset direction X, and the number of light sources in all columns is the same, and they are staggered one-to-one along a direction parallel to the preset direction X. In this way, it can be ensured that the orthographic projections of all light sources in each light-emitting unit 100 on the preset projection plane are arranged sequentially along a direction parallel to the preset direction X, and that adjacent orthographic projections are staggered and do not overlap. That is, the orthographic projections of all light sources in each light-emitting unit 100 on the preset projection plane are arranged in a column along a direction parallel to the preset direction X.

[0091] For example, Figure 10 shows a series of light sources arranged in four columns in each light-emitting unit 100, namely, a first column of light sources 110a, a second column of light sources 110b, a third column of light sources 110c, and a fourth column of light sources 110d arranged from left to right (i.e., along the X direction). The multiple light sources 111a in the first column of light sources 110a are spaced apart along a direction parallel to the preset direction X, the multiple light sources 111b in the second column of light sources 110b are spaced apart along a direction parallel to the preset direction X, the multiple light sources 111c in the third column of light sources 110c are spaced apart along a direction parallel to the preset direction X, and the multiple light sources 111d in the fourth column of light sources 110d are spaced apart along a direction parallel to the preset direction X. Figure 11 shows that multiple light sources 111a in the first column of light sources 110a, multiple light sources 111b in the second column of light sources 110b, multiple light sources 111c in the third column of light sources 110c, and multiple light sources 111d in the fourth column of light sources 110d are staggered one-to-one in a direction parallel to the preset direction X, so that their orthographic projections on the preset projection plane are arranged in a column in a direction parallel to the preset direction X.

[0092] For example, Figure 12 shows multiple light sources in each light-emitting unit 100 arranged in two columns, namely a first column of light sources 110a and a second column of light sources 110b arranged from left to right (i.e., along the X direction). Multiple light sources 111a in the first column of light sources 110a are spaced apart along a direction parallel to the preset direction X, and multiple light sources 111b in the second column of light sources 110b are spaced apart along a direction parallel to the preset direction X. Figure 13 shows that multiple light sources 111a in the first column of light sources 110a and multiple light sources 111b in the second column of light sources 110b are staggered one-to-one along a direction parallel to the preset direction X, so that their orthographic projections on the preset projection surface are arranged in a column along a direction parallel to the preset direction X.

[0093] As can be seen from the above, compared to the multiple light sources in each light-emitting unit 100 being arranged sequentially in a light source column along a direction parallel to the preset direction X on a plane parallel to the substrate 120 (assuming the number of light sources in the light source column is N), by arranging the multiple light sources in each light-emitting unit 100 into at least two light source columns along a direction perpendicular to the preset direction X, the number of light sources in each light source column can be less than N, and the interval between each two adjacent light sources can be increased. At the same time, the sum of the number of orthographic projections of at least two light source columns on the preset projection plane is equal to N. For example, each light-emitting unit 100 shown in FIG1 includes multiple light sources distributed on a plane parallel to the substrate 120. The multiple light sources are arranged, for example, on a plane parallel to the substrate 120 in the manner shown in FIG10 or FIG12. These light sources are divided into multiple light source groups according to multiple different sub-light-emitting units. For example, according to the first sub-light-emitting unit 10a and the second sub-light-emitting unit 10b shown in Figure 1, multiple light sources are divided into two light source groups. The multiple light sources in each light source group are further divided into multiple sub-light source groups according to multiple different sub-pixels 11. That is to say, the array of one or more light sources included in each sub-pixel 11 is the light source in a partition divided from the area where all light sources are located.

[0094] The sum of the number of orthographic projections of all light sources in the first light source column 110a, the second light source column 110b, the third light source column 110c, and the fourth light source column 110d onto the aforementioned preset projection plane is 16. The number of light sources in each of the first light source column 110a, the second light source column 110b, the third light source column 110c, and the fourth light source column 110d is 4. If the multiple light sources in each light-emitting unit 100 are arranged in only one light source column on a plane parallel to the substrate 120, and N = 16, then the number of light sources in each of the first light source column 110a, the second light source column 110b, the third light source column 110c, and the fourth light source column 110d is one-quarter of N.

[0095] In other words, the number of combinations of orthographic projections of at least two light source columns onto the aforementioned preset projection surface is equivalent to the number of light sources arranged in only one light source column on the plane of the substrate 120, thus achieving the same light source effect. Furthermore, since the spacing between adjacent light sources in each light source column is increased, sufficient space can be reserved for the installation of each light source, thereby reducing the requirements for dimensional and installation errors of the light sources, and consequently reducing the difficulty of processing and installation.

[0096] Specifically, referring to Figure 1, taking the light-emitting unit including the aforementioned first sub-light-emitting unit and second sub-light-emitting unit as an example, each of the first sub-light-emitting unit 10a and the second sub-light-emitting unit 10b includes four sub-pixels 11. Each sub-pixel 11 corresponds to a viewing angle, and different sub-pixels 11 correspond to different viewing angles. The light emitted from each sub-pixel 11 has its emission angle adjusted by the corresponding light deflection component 13, so that the adjusted light illuminates the first lens component 12. The first lens component 12 converges the light, thereby adjusting the emission angle of the light incident on the first lens component 12, so that the display substrate has at least two different viewing angles, thus enabling multi-view display of the image.

[0097] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, since the sub-pixels 11 are different for different viewing angles, the content displayed under different viewing angles can be different. This embodiment uses the example of different display content corresponding to different viewing angles.

[0098] Specifically, the first sub-light-emitting unit 10a can achieve light propagation from the first to the fourth viewing angle (A1 to A4); the second sub-light-emitting unit 10b can achieve light propagation from the fifth to the eighth viewing angle (A5 to A8). Based on this, since at least two sub-light-emitting units 10 in each light-emitting unit 100 are configured as an axisymmetric structure, when each sub-light-emitting unit 10 can achieve light propagation from four different viewing angles, at least two sub-light-emitting units 10 can achieve light propagation from more viewing angles, thereby increasing the number of viewing angles. For example, in Figure 1, the first to the eighth viewing angles (A1 to A8) are all different, thus achieving a total of eight different viewing angles of light propagation. It can be understood that the four viewing angles achieved by each sub-light-emitting unit 10 form four different angles with respect to the preset central axis O. In this case, the two sub-light-emitting units 10 can achieve a total of eight different viewing angles of light propagation. However, if one of the four viewing angles achieved by each sub-light-emitting unit 10 is parallel to the preset central axis O, then since the two sub-light-emitting units 10 are configured as an axially symmetric structure, this means that one of the four viewing angles achieved by each of the two sub-light-emitting units 10 is parallel to the preset central axis O. In other words, the two sub-light-emitting units 10 have a common viewing angle, thus achieving the fusion of the two viewing angles. In this case, the two sub-light-emitting units 10 can achieve light propagation from a total of seven different viewing angles. It should be noted that if two sub-light-emitting units 10 have viewing angles that are relatively close, they can also be considered as the same viewing angle.

[0099] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the optical element includes a light deflector 13, which deflects incident light rays in a direction away from the preset central axis O, and the deflected light rays are incident on the first lens component 12. Compared to the angle of view of light rays that do not pass through the light deflector 13 and exit directly after passing through the lens component 12, the angle between the angle of view of the deflected light rays after passing through the first lens component 12 and the preset central axis O is larger by deflecting the incident light rays in a direction away from the preset central axis O using the light deflector 13. Therefore, the sub-light-emitting unit 10 equipped with the light deflector 13 can form a larger field of view. Combined with the use of the first lens component 12, a greater number of light rays with different angles can be propagated within a larger field of view. Preferably, based on the overall structure of at least two sub-light-emitting units 10 being an axisymmetric structure symmetrical about the central axis, the sub-light-emitting units 10 symmetrically located on both sides of the preset central axis O and equipped with the light deflector 13 can form a larger field of view.

[0100] In one specific embodiment, Figure 1 shows two sub-light-emitting units 10, namely a first sub-light-emitting unit 10a and a second sub-light-emitting unit 10b. Both are configured as an axisymmetric structure and each includes the aforementioned light-deflecting component 13. This light-deflecting component 13 can deflect incident light rays away from the preset central axis O. For example, it can deflect light rays incident along a direction parallel to the preset central axis O by 30° away from the preset central axis O. When each sub-light-emitting unit 10 achieves light propagation from four different angles using the lens component 12, the field of view of the four angles of the sub-light-emitting unit 10 located above the preset central axis O in Figure 1 is approximately 0° to 60°, and the field of view of the four angles of the sub-light-emitting unit 10 located below the preset central axis O in Figure 1 is approximately -60° to 0°. These two sub-light-emitting units 10 together constitute a field of view range of -60° to 60°, ultimately achieving light propagation from up to eight different angles within a 120° field of view range. It is easy to understand that the arrows in Figure 1 indicate the deflection direction of light rays emitted from each sub-pixel 11 in a direction parallel to the preset central axis O after entering the light deflection member 13, and the direction of propagation along the corresponding viewing angle under the converging effect of the first lens member. In practical applications, the light rays emitted by each sub-pixel 11 in a direction parallel to the preset central axis O can be the main direction of light rays of each sub-pixel 11, that is, most of the light rays are emitted in a direction parallel to the preset central axis O. However, each sub-pixel 11 also emits a portion of light rays in other directions. This portion of light rays deviates from the main direction of light rays within a certain range, but if it enters the light deflection member 13, it will also be deflected in a direction away from the preset central axis O. In addition, light rays from different sub-pixels 11 that enter the light deflection member 13 in the same direction will exit from the light deflection member 13 in the same direction.

[0101] As can be seen from the above, the display substrate provided in this disclosure adjusts the subpixel emitted light through an optical element composed of a light deflector 13 and a lens 12, enabling the propagation of a greater number of light rays from different viewing angles within a wider field of view. Moreover, compared to the prior art which uses gratings or lenses to achieve multi-angle light propagation, this disclosure embodiment has higher light utilization, thereby improving the display effect. In some embodiments, to improve light utilization while achieving light deflection, the light deflector 13 includes at least one prism, which includes an incident surface 131 and an exit surface 132, with the incident surface 131 and the exit surface 132 forming a first angle β. At least a portion of the light emitted by at least one of the sub-pixels 11 of each sub-light-emitting unit 10 can enter the prism from the incident surface 131 and then exit the prism via the exit surface 132. The light emitted from the prism will be deflected at a certain angle relative to the light entering the prism from the incident surface 131 in a direction away from the preset central axis O. In practical applications, the size of the first included angle β can be determined according to the desired deflection angle (corresponding to the desired field of view range).

[0102] Furthermore, the magnitude of the aforementioned first included angle β can be determined in various ways. For example, the angle between the light ray entering the prism from the incident surface 131 and the light ray exiting from the exit surface 132 is a preset second included angle α, which is a preset value determined based on the desired deflection angle (corresponding to the desired field of view range). Based on this, the first included angle β can be determined according to the second included angle α and the refractive index of the prism.

[0103] Specifically, in some embodiments, as shown in FIG1, the orthographic projection shape of the prism on the aforementioned preset projection plane includes an isosceles triangle. In this case, the orthographic projection shapes of the incident surface 131 and the exit surface 132 of the prism on the preset projection plane are respectively the two legs of the aforementioned isosceles triangle. An isosceles triangle is a triangle with at least two equal sides. The two equal sides are called the legs of the isosceles triangle, that is, the left and right sides of the prism in FIG1.

[0104] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the first included angle β satisfies, for example, the following relationship:

[0105] Wherein, the first included angle β is β, the second included angle α is α, and n is the refractive index of the prism material.

[0106] In some other embodiments, referring to Figure 2, the orthographic projection shape of the prism on the preset projection plane includes a right-angled triangle. One of the prism's incident surface 131 and exit surface 132 is projected onto the preset projection plane as the right-angled side of the right triangle, and the other is projected onto the preset projection plane as the hypotenuse of the right triangle. That is, the incident surface 131 of the prism is the right-angled side of the right triangle, and the exit surface 132 of the prism is the hypotenuse of the right triangle; or, the incident surface 131 of the prism is the hypotenuse of the right triangle, and the exit surface 132 of the prism is the right-angled side of the right triangle.

[0107] In practical applications, the orthographic shape of the prism on the preset projection plane, as well as the size of the aforementioned first included angle β, can be selected based on the desired deflection angle (corresponding to the desired field of view range). For example, the orthographic shape of the prism on the preset projection plane can also include an isosceles trapezoid or a right trapezoid, etc.

[0108] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG1, there is one prism, and the prism is located on the light-emitting side of all sub-pixels 11 in the sub-light-emitting unit 10. In this case, at least part of the light emitted by all sub-pixels 11 in the sub-light-emitting unit 10 will be incident into the prism and deflected away from the preset central axis O when exiting the prism under the action of the prism. In this case, the prism can deflect the light incident into the prism by all sub-pixels 11. Since the angle between the angle of light exiting after passing through the first lens component 12 and the preset central axis O is larger under this deflection, the sub-light-emitting unit 10, which is symmetrically located on both sides of the preset central axis O and equipped with a prism, does not have the same or similar angles among all the angles achieved, thereby achieving a greater number of different angles. For example, taking the first sub-light-emitting unit 10a and the second sub-light-emitting unit 10b shown in FIG1, both of which are equipped with prisms, if each sub-light-emitting unit 10 can achieve light propagation from four different angles, the two sub-light-emitting units 10 can achieve a total of eight different angles, namely the first angle to the eighth angle (A1 to A8).

[0109] In some other embodiments, as shown in FIG2, there is one prism, and the prism is located on the light-emitting side of all sub-pixels 11 in the sub-light-emitting unit 10 except for the sub-pixel 11a furthest from the preset central axis O. In this case, at least part of the light emitted by all sub-pixels 11 in the sub-light-emitting unit 10 except for the sub-pixel 11a furthest from the preset central axis O will be incident on the prism, and under the action of the prism, it will be deflected in a direction away from the preset central axis O when it exits the prism. At least part of the light emitted by the sub-pixel 11a furthest from the preset central axis O will be directly incident on the first lens component 12. Since the sub-pixel 11a is furthest from the preset central axis O, the angle between the angle of its emitted light after exiting the lens component 12 and the preset central axis O is formed by the converging action of the first lens component 12. Compared to other sub-pixels 11, which are the smallest, for example, they can achieve a viewing angle that is parallel to or nearly parallel to the preset central axis O. Therefore, when the prism is located on the light-emitting side of all sub-pixels 11 in the sub-light-emitting unit 10 except for the sub-pixel 11a that is furthest from the preset central axis O, one of the viewing angles achieved by each sub-light-emitting unit 10 (i.e., the viewing angle corresponding to the sub-pixel 11a that is furthest from the preset central axis O) can be parallel to or nearly parallel to the preset central axis O. This allows the sub-light-emitting units 10, which are symmetrically located on both sides of the preset central axis O and equipped with prisms, to have viewing angles that are the same or nearly the same. For example, taking the first sub-light-emitting unit 10a and the second sub-light-emitting unit 10b shown in Figure 2, both of which are equipped with prisms, when each sub-light-emitting unit 10 can achieve light propagation from four different angles, one of the four angles achieved by each sub-light-emitting unit 10 is parallel or nearly parallel to the preset central axis O. That is, the angle corresponding to the sub-pixel 11a furthest from the preset central axis O is parallel or nearly parallel to the preset central axis O. In this case, the two sub-light-emitting units 10 can achieve light propagation from seven different angles, namely the first angle to the seventh angle (A1 to A7) shown in Figure 2. Figure 3 shows a simulation diagram of the viewpoint separation of the seven different angles in Figure 2, where the horizontal axis is the viewing angle and the vertical axis is the display brightness at the corresponding angle. As can be seen from Figure 3, the first angle to the seventh angle (A1 to A7) are all different, achieving viewpoint separation in seven directions.

[0110] As can be seen from the above, by selectively placing the prism on the light-emitting side of all sub-pixels 11 or on the light-emitting side of a portion of the sub-pixels 11, light propagation at different numbers of angles can be achieved. In Figure 2 above, the prism is located on the light-emitting side of all sub-pixels 11 in the sub-light-emitting unit 10 except for the sub-pixel 11a furthest from the preset central axis O. However, this embodiment is not limited to this. In practical applications, the prism can also be located on the light-emitting side of other sub-pixels 11 besides at least two sub-pixels 11 furthest from the preset central axis O.

[0111] In some embodiments, the sub-light-emitting unit 10 has at least two prisms, arranged sequentially along a preset direction X. Each prism is located on the light-emitting side of at least one of the sub-pixels 11 in the sub-light-emitting unit 10, and different prisms correspond to different sub-pixels 11. In this case, different prisms can be used to deflect at least a portion of the light emitted by different sub-pixels 11, thereby enabling the propagation of light from different angles and adjusting the field of view. To achieve this effect, at least one of the prisms in the sub-light-emitting unit 10 has a different orthographic projection shape on a preset projection plane, and / or the size of the first included angle β is different, and / or the angle between the incident surface 131 of the prism and the preset central axis O is different, and / or the angle between the exit surface 132 of the prism and the preset central axis O is different.

[0112] In a specific embodiment, as shown in FIG4, there are two prisms, namely a first prism 13a and a second prism 13b. The first prism 13a is located on the light-emitting side of all sub-pixels 11 in the sub-light-emitting unit 10 except for the sub-pixel 11 furthest from the preset central axis O; the second prism 13b is located on the light-emitting side of the sub-pixel 11a furthest from the preset central axis O; the incident surface 131 of the first prism 13a and the incident surface 131 of the second prism 13b form an angle, and the exit surface 132 of the first prism 13a and the exit surface 132 of the second prism 13b form an angle. Because the incident surface 131 of the first prism 13a and the incident surface 131 of the second prism 13b form an angle, and the exit surface 132 of the first prism 13a and the exit surface 132 of the second prism 13b form an angle, the angles between the incident surfaces 131 of the first prism 13a and the second prism 13b and the preset central axis O are different, and the angles between the exit surfaces 132 of the first prism 13a and the second prism 13b and the preset central axis O are also different. Therefore, the first prism 13a and the second prism 13b can respectively deflect at least a portion of the light emitted by all sub-pixels 11 except the sub-pixel 11 furthest from the preset central axis O, and the sub-pixel 11a furthest from the preset central axis O. For example, the first sub-light-emitting unit 10a and the second sub-light-emitting unit 10b shown in FIG. 4, and both of them are provided with the first prism 13a. Taking 3a and the second prism 13b as examples, when each sub-light-emitting unit 10 can achieve light propagation from four different angles, at least part of the light emitted by the sub-pixel 11a furthest from the preset central axis O can be deflected by the second prism 13b and, after incident on the lens component 12, can exit in a direction perpendicular to the substrate 120. That is, the angle of light emitted from the lens component 12 is parallel to or nearly parallel to the preset central axis O. At least part of the light emitted by all sub-pixels 11 except the sub-pixel 11a furthest from the preset central axis O is deflected in a direction away from the preset central axis O by the first prism 13a. Thus, the two sub-light-emitting units 10 can achieve light propagation from seven different angles, namely the first angle to the seventh angle (A1 to A7) shown in FIG4. FIG5 is a two-dimensional angle distribution diagram of the first angle to the seventh angle (A1 to A7) shown in FIG4. As shown in FIG5, the horizontal axis X is the direction perpendicular to the preset direction X in FIG4. The vertical axis Y is parallel to the preset direction X in Figure 4. As shown in Figure 5, seven different viewing angles are distributed at different positions along the vertical axis Y, allowing different images to be displayed simultaneously from seven different perspectives. Furthermore, the orthographic projection shapes of the first prism 13a and the second prism 13b on the preset projection plane can be the same or different. For example, in Figure 5, both the first prism 13a and the second prism 13b are right-angled triangles, but their incident and exit surfaces have different angles. The aforementioned first included angle β can also be the same or different.

[0113] In some embodiments, to simplify the structure and reduce manufacturing difficulty and cost, the prism has multiple incident surfaces 131, arranged sequentially along a preset direction X, with different angles between the multiple incident surfaces 131 and the exit surface 132. In this case, the same prism can deflect at least a portion of the light emitted from different sub-pixels 11 through multiple different incident surfaces 131, thereby enabling light propagation from different numbers of viewing angles and adjusting the field of view. It should be noted that in other embodiments, the prism can also have multiple exit surfaces 132, arranged sequentially along a preset direction X, with different angles between the multiple exit surfaces 132 and the incident surface 131. This also enables light propagation from different numbers of viewing angles and adjusting the field of view.

[0114] In a specific embodiment, as shown in Figure 6, there is one prism located on the light-emitting side of all sub-pixels 11 in the sub-light-emitting unit 10; the prism has two incident surfaces 131, namely a first incident surface 131a and a second incident surface 131b. In this example, the first incident surface 131a is further away from the preset central axis O than the second incident surface 131b. The first incident surface 131a has a certain angle with the plane of the substrate 120, while the second incident surface 131b is parallel or approximately parallel to the plane of the substrate 120. Some of the light emitted from the sub-pixels 11 illuminates the first incident surface 131a, and some of the light emitted from the sub-pixels 11 illuminates the second incident surface 131b.

[0115] In one example, the first incident surface 131a is located on the light-emitting side of all sub-pixels 11 in the sub-light-emitting unit 10, except for the sub-pixel 11a furthest from the preset central axis O; the second incident surface 131b is located on the light-emitting side of the sub-pixel 11a furthest from the preset central axis O. The two parts of the prism corresponding to the first incident surface 131a and the second incident surface 131b can respectively deflect at least a portion of the light emitted by all sub-pixels 11 except for the sub-pixel 11a furthest from the preset central axis O, and by the sub-pixel 11a furthest from the preset central axis O. For example, taking the first sub-light-emitting unit 10a and the second sub-light-emitting unit 10b shown in FIG. 6, and both of which are equipped with prisms, when each sub-light-emitting unit 10 can achieve light propagation from four different angles, the light emitted from the sub-pixel 11a furthest from the preset central axis can be deflected differently. At least a portion of the light emitted by sub-pixel 11a of O is deflected away from the preset central axis O by the deflection effect of the portion corresponding to the second incident surface 131b of the prism. At least a portion of the light emitted by all sub-pixels 11 except the sub-pixel 11 furthest from the preset central axis O is deflected away from the preset central axis O by the deflection effect of the portion corresponding to the first incident surface 131a of the prism. Thus, the two sub-light-emitting units 10 can realize light propagation from eight different angles, namely the first angle to the eighth angle (A1 to A8) in Figure 6. Figure 7 is a two-dimensional angle distribution diagram of the first angle to the eighth angle (A1 to A8) shown in Figure 6. As shown in Figure 6, it can be seen that there are eight different angles distributed at different positions in the vertical direction, and different images can be displayed from eight different angles at the same time.

[0116] In another example, the light emitted from each sub-pixel 11 in the sub-light-emitting unit 10 illuminates the second incident surface 131b; that is, each sub-pixel 11 in the sub-light-emitting unit 10 is correspondingly positioned to the second incident surface 131b. In this case, based on the number of sub-pixels 11 in the sub-light-emitting unit 10, multiple viewing angles corresponding to multiple sub-pixels 11 can also be determined.

[0117] In summary, by adjusting the number of prisms, the number of sub-pixels 11 on the light-emitting side of the prisms, the number of incident surfaces 131 of the prisms, and the number of exit surfaces 132 of the prisms, light propagation from different numbers of viewing angles can be achieved, and the field of view range can also be adjusted. However, the embodiments disclosed herein are not limited to this. In practical applications, other structures can be used for the prisms, as long as they can achieve light propagation from different numbers of viewing angles and adjustment of the field of view range, all of which fall within the protection scope of the embodiments disclosed herein.

[0118] In some embodiments, in order to enable the light rays deflected by the prism to be incident on the first lens component 12, the preset center line of the orthographic projection of the first lens component 12 on the preset projection surface forms an angle with the plane parallel to the substrate 120.

[0119] In a specific embodiment, as shown in Figures 1, 2, and 4, there are two sub-light-emitting units 10, namely a first sub-light-emitting unit 10a and a second sub-light-emitting unit 10b. Both the first sub-light-emitting unit 10a and the second sub-light-emitting unit 10b include at least one sub-pixel 11, a first lens component 12, and at least one prism. The first sub-light-emitting unit 10a and the second sub-light-emitting unit 10b are configured as an axisymmetric structure. Based on this, the angle between the preset center line of the orthographic projection of the first lens component 12 onto the preset projection plane (as shown by the preset center line O1 in Figure 1) and the plane parallel to the substrate 120 is equal to a first angle β. This preset center line is the orthographic projection of the intersection of the incident surface 121 and the exit surface 122 of the first lens component 12 onto the preset projection plane. Taking an ellipse or semi-ellipse as an example, the major axis of the ellipse or semi-ellipse is the preset center line. By making the preset center line of the orthographic projection of the first lens component 12 on the preset projection surface form an angle with the plane parallel to the substrate 120, such that the angle is equal to the second angle α mentioned above, it is possible to make the light rays deflected by the prism enter the first lens component 12, thereby enabling the propagation of more light rays from different angles within a larger field of view.

[0120] Furthermore, in some embodiments, to achieve a converging effect on incident light, the incident surface 121 of the first lens component 12 is a plane or a convex curved surface; the exit surface 122 of the first lens component 12 is a convex curved surface. For example, as shown in Figures 1 and 6, the orthographic projection of the first lens component 12 on the preset projection plane is an ellipse. In this case, both the incident surface 121 and the exit surface 122 of the first lens component 12 are convex curved surfaces. Alternatively, as shown in Figures 2 and 4, the orthographic projection of the first lens component 12 on the preset projection plane is a semi-ellipse. In this case, the incident surface 121 of the first lens component 12 is a plane, and the exit surface 122 is a convex curved surface. Of course, in practical applications, the incident surface 121 and the exit surface 122 of the first lens component 12 can also adopt other shapes that enable the first lens component 12 to achieve a light-converging effect. Furthermore, when the first lens component 12 is combined with the prism, the shapes of the incident surface 121 and the exit surface 122 of the first lens component 12 can be determined according to the structure of the prism to achieve light propagation from different angles and adjustment of the field of view range.

[0121] The contour dimensions (including but not limited to surface curvature, major axis dimension, and minor axis dimension) of the first lens component 12 can be obtained in various ways. For example, it can be obtained by determining the focal length of the first lens component 12, which can be determined, for example, based on the maximum distance between the incident surface 131 and the exit surface 132 of the prism and the refractive index of the prism. In some embodiments, the focal length of the first lens component 12 satisfies the following relationship: 0.8×n×d≤f≤1.2×n×d

[0122] Where f is the focal length of the first lens component 12; d is the maximum distance between the incident surface 131 and the exit surface 132 of the prism; and n is the refractive index of the prism.

[0123] In other embodiments, as shown in FIG8, there are three sub-light-emitting units 10, namely a first sub-light-emitting unit 10a, a second sub-light-emitting unit 10b, and a third sub-light-emitting unit 10c arranged sequentially along a preset direction X. The first sub-light-emitting unit 10a, the second sub-light-emitting unit 10b, and the third sub-light-emitting unit 10c are configured as an axisymmetric structure. Based on this, the first sub-light-emitting unit 10a and the second sub-light-emitting unit 10b each include at least one sub-pixel 11, a first lens component 12, and at least one prism; the third sub-light-emitting unit 10b includes at least one sub-pixel 11 and a second lens component. That is, the third sub-light-emitting unit 10c does not have a prism. Based on this, the angle between the preset center line O1 of the orthographic projection of the first lens component 12 in the first sub-light-emitting unit 10a and the plane containing the substrate 120 (i.e., the plane parallel to the preset direction X) and the aforementioned second angle α is equal to the aforementioned second angle α; the preset center line O3 of the orthographic projection of the second lens component in the third sub-light-emitting unit 10c on the preset projection plane is parallel to the substrate 120 (i.e., parallel to the preset direction X). In this case, by combining the first lens component 12 and at least one prism, the first sub-light-emitting unit 10a and the second sub-light-emitting unit 10b can achieve that the light rays deflected by the prism can be incident on the first lens component 12, thereby enabling the propagation of a greater number of light rays from different viewing angles within a larger field of view. The third sub-light-emitting unit 10c can achieve the propagation of a greater number of light rays from different viewing angles through the second lens component.

[0124] In a specific embodiment, as shown in FIG8, the first sub-light-emitting unit 10a and the second sub-light-emitting unit 10b each include two sub-pixels 11, a prism, and a lens component 12. The first sub-light-emitting unit 10a and the third sub-light-emitting unit 10c can both achieve light propagation from two different viewing angles, for a total of four different viewing angles. Specifically, the first sub-light-emitting unit 10a achieves light propagation from a first viewing angle A1 and a second viewing angle A2; the second sub-light-emitting unit 10b achieves light propagation from a sixth viewing angle A1 and a seventh viewing angle A7; and, the first sub-light-emitting unit 10a and the second sub-light-emitting unit 10b can together form a larger field of view with the help of the prism. Based on this, the third sub-light-emitting unit 10c includes three sub-pixels 11 and a second lens component. The three sub-pixels 11 and the second lens component are configured in an axially symmetrical structure and can achieve light propagation from three different viewing angles, that is, the third sub-light-emitting unit 10c achieves light propagation from a third viewing angle A3, a fourth viewing angle A4, and a fifth viewing angle A5.

[0125] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 1 and 6, the light emitted by each sub-pixel 11 of each sub-light-emitting unit 10 exits along the viewing angle corresponding to each sub-pixel 11 after passing through the lens component 12, and the viewing angle corresponding to each sub-pixel 11 of each sub-light-emitting unit 10 is different. Since at least two sub-pixels 11 of each sub-light-emitting unit 10 are arranged along a preset direction X, at least part of the light emitted by different sub-pixels 11 is incident at different positions on the incident surface 131 of the lens component 12. Based on the lens component 12 being tilted relative to the preset central axis O, at least part of the light emitted by different sub-pixels 11 can exit from the lens component 12 along different viewing angles, thereby achieving that the viewing angle corresponding to each sub-pixel 11 of each sub-light-emitting unit 10 is different, that is, the number of different viewing angles of each sub-light-emitting unit 10 is the same as the number of sub-pixels 11.

[0126] In other embodiments, as shown in Figures 2 and 4, one of the four viewing angles achieved by each sub-light-emitting unit 10 is parallel or nearly parallel to a preset central axis O. That is, the viewing angle corresponding to the sub-pixel 11a furthest from the preset central axis O is parallel or nearly parallel to the preset central axis O. In this case, the two sub-light-emitting units 10 can achieve light propagation from seven different viewing angles, namely the first to the seventh viewing angles (A1 to A7) shown in Figure 2. In the above embodiments, as shown in Figure 1, each light-emitting unit 100 includes a first light-blocking component 21. A first light-blocking component 21 is provided between every two adjacent sub-light-emitting units 10. The first light-blocking component 21 can block light between two adjacent sub-light-emitting units 10, preventing them from affecting each other and reducing crosstalk between viewing angles. The first light-blocking component 21 is made of, for example, an opaque material.

[0127] In the above embodiments, the display substrate further includes a second light-blocking component 22, which is disposed between every two adjacent light-emitting units 100 in a preset direction X. The second light-blocking component 22 can block light between two adjacent light-emitting units 100, preventing them from interfering with each other and reducing crosstalk between viewing angles. Furthermore, for example, one second light-blocking component 22 can be shared between every two adjacent light-emitting units 100. The second light-blocking component 22 is made of an opaque material.

[0128] In the above embodiments, the color and brightness of each of the sub-pixels 11 in at least two sub-light-emitting units 10 are set to be individually adjustable. By individually modulating the color and brightness of each sub-pixel 11 in the sub-light-emitting unit 10, the images viewed from multiple different viewpoints can be flexibly controlled to be the same or different. In a specific embodiment, as shown in FIG9, all sub-pixels 11 in at least two sub-light-emitting units 10 can be used as the same group, that is, they are no longer grouped according to different sub-light-emitting units 10, but constitute an overall light-emitting group 10'. The color and brightness of each sub-pixel 11 in the overall light-emitting group 10' can be individually adjusted. When there are three sub-light-emitting units 10, namely the first sub-light-emitting unit 10a, the third sub-light-emitting unit 10c and the second sub-light-emitting unit 10b arranged sequentially along a preset direction X, if the two sub-pixels corresponding to the first sub-light-emitting unit 10a in the overall light-emitting group 10' emit the same light, then the images viewed from the two viewpoints realized by the first sub-light-emitting unit 10b (i.e., the first viewpoint A1 and the second viewpoint A2) are the same. If two sub-pixels corresponding to the second sub-light-emitting unit 10b in the overall light-emitting group 10' emit different light rays, then the images viewed from the two different viewpoints (i.e., the sixth viewpoint A6 and the seventh viewpoint A7) realized by the second sub-light-emitting unit 10b are different. If three sub-pixels 11 corresponding to the second sub-light-emitting unit 10b in the overall light-emitting group 10' emit the same light rays, then the images viewed from the three different viewpoints (i.e., the third viewpoint A3, the fourth viewpoint A4, and the fifth viewpoint A5) realized by the second sub-light-emitting unit 10b are the same. As can be seen from the above, by individually modulating each sub-pixel 11, the number of viewpoints for viewing different images, the number of viewpoints for viewing the same image, and the field of view range for viewing the same image can be flexibly adjusted. It should be noted that in this embodiment, the same light rays refer to light rays with the same color and brightness, and different light rays refer to light rays with at least one different color and brightness.

[0129] In some embodiments, the brightness of each of the sub-pixels 11 of the sub-light-emitting unit 10 is set to be individually adjustable. By individually adjusting the brightness of each sub-pixel 11, the light intensity distribution corresponding to each sub-pixel 11 can be corrected.

[0130] To better illustrate the specific structure of the display substrate using the above structure, the following explanation is provided with specific examples.

[0131] First example: Referring to Figures 14-18, the display substrate includes multiple light-emitting units 100 arranged in an array. Each light-emitting unit includes three sub-light-emitting units 10, referred to as a first sub-light-emitting unit 10a, a second sub-light-emitting unit 10b, and a third sub-light-emitting unit 10c. The first sub-light-emitting unit 10a and the third sub-light-emitting unit 10c are arranged along a preset direction, and the second sub-light-emitting unit 10b is located between the first sub-light-emitting unit 10a and the third sub-light-emitting unit 10c. The preset direction is also the row direction X of the light-emitting unit arrangement. The first sub-light-emitting unit 10a and the second sub-light-emitting unit 10b are symmetrically arranged along a preset central axis, and both include multiple sub-pixels 11, light deflection components 13, and a first lens component 12. The third sub-light-emitting unit 10c includes at least one sub-pixel 11 and a second lens component 14. The line connecting the two endpoints of the incident surface of the first optical lens 12 projected onto the preset projection surface has a certain angle with the plane of the substrate 120; the preset projection surface is perpendicular to the plane of the substrate 120 and parallel to the preset direction X.

[0132] Referring again to Figures 16-18, a first light-blocking component 21 is provided between the first sub-light-emitting unit 10a and the second sub-light-emitting unit 10b, and between the second sub-light-emitting unit 10b and the third sub-light-emitting unit 10c in each light-emitting unit 100. A second light-blocking component 22 is provided around the periphery of each light-emitting unit 100. The first light-blocking component 21 in each light-emitting unit 100 and the second light-blocking component 22 surrounding the light-emitting unit are connected to form an integral structure, constituting a mask 2, which is used to limit the viewing angle range of the light-emitting unit 100.

[0133] As shown in Figure 17, the first lens component 12 includes at least a main body portion 121 and a first support portion 122. The main body portion 121 has an incident surface and an exit surface, and the incident surface and exit surface of the main body portion 121 serve as the incident surface and exit surface of the first lens component 12, respectively. The first support portion 122 is connected to the main body portion 121 and extends along the length direction of the exit surface of the main body portion 121, overlapping the end face of the second light-blocking component 22 away from the substrate 120. The first light-blocking component 21 includes a first light-blocking plate 211 and a first extension portion 212 connected to the first light-blocking plate 211 and extending toward the nearest first lens component 12. The first lens component 12 also includes a second support portion 123 connected to the main body portion 121 and extending to the first extension portion 212, overlapping the surface of the first extension portion 212 away from the substrate 120.

[0134] Furthermore, the surface of the first support portion 122 facing away from the substrate 120 is connected to the emission surface of the main body portion 121 to form an integral structure, and extends along the length direction of the emission surface of the main body portion 121. The surface of the second support portion 123 facing away from the substrate 120 is connected to the emission surface of the main body portion 121 to form an integral structure, and is parallel to the plane of the substrate 120.

[0135] Furthermore, the main body 121 of the first lens component 12 not only has an incident surface and an exit surface, but also has a non-incident surface that is correspondingly disposed to the exit surface and connected to the incident surface of the main body 121. In some embodiments, the second light-blocking component 22 includes a second light-blocking plate 221 and a second extension 222 connected to the second light-blocking plate 221 and located between the non-incident surface of the main body 121 and the light deflection component 13; the second extension 222 does not overlap with the orthographic projection of the incident surface of the main body 121 onto the plane of the substrate 120.

[0136] Further referring to Figure 16, the first lens component 12 in the first sub-light-emitting unit 10a and the first lens component 12 in the second sub-light-emitting unit 10b can be fixed to the mask 2 via an adhesive layer. The light-deflecting component 13, i.e., the prism, in the first sub-light-emitting unit 10a and the second sub-light-emitting unit 10b has a first protrusion 131. A first slot is provided at the end of the second light-blocking plate 221 of the second light-blocking component 22 near the substrate 120, and the first protrusion 131 of the prism engages with the first slot. The second lens component 14 in the third sub-light-emitting unit 10c has a second protrusion 132. A second slot is also provided at the end of the second light-blocking plate 221 of the second light-blocking component 22 near the substrate 120, and the second protrusion 132 of the second lens component 14 engages with the second slot. In this way, the prisms in the first sub-light-emitting unit 10a and the second sub-light-emitting unit 10b, as well as the second lens component 14 in the third sub-light-emitting unit 10c, are fixed to the mask 2. In this way, the mask 2 and the optical element form an integrated structure. Then, the entire mask 2 can be mechanically fixed or glued to the substrate 120.

[0137] In some examples, referring to FIG. 19, the second light blocking members 22 located in the same row are connected into an integral structure to form a light blocking member, and there is a certain distance between the light blocking members arranged adjacent to each other in the column direction Y, and both ends of each light blocking member in the row direction X are connected respectively. Moreover, for the width of each light emitting unit in the row direction X, it is equal to the distance between the light emitting units arranged adjacent to it in the column direction Y, that is, Px = Py. In this structure, the structures of the masks 2 are connected into an integral structure. Compared with the structure of the masks 2 arranged independently, this design is more conducive to improving the assembly efficiency. For the gaps between the masks 2 in the column direction Y, there will also be a certain gap between the driving circuits formed on the substrate 120 corresponding to the sub-pixels 11. In this case, the display screen can present periodic gaps, which helps air circulation and sound propagation, and also helps improve the heat dissipation performance of the display device and present a more real and three-dimensional sound effect.

[0138] In some examples, referring to FIG. 21, in this example, each sub-pixel includes only one light source, and the light source can be composed of a red light source, a green light source, and a blue light source. Among them, the first sub-light emitting unit 10a and the second sub-light emitting unit 10b both include three sub-pixels 11, and the third sub-light emitting unit 10c includes one sub-pixel 11. The light source in each sub-pixel can only realize the display of one viewing angle by the corresponding optical element, that is, the display substrate with this structure can be used to realize the display of seven viewing angles, and the seven viewing angles are viewing angles A1 to A7 respectively.

[0139] In some examples, still referring to FIG. 18, the specific shapes of the first lens member 12 and the prism in this example are determined by the refractive index n of the material of the first lens member 12. The prisms in the first sub-light emitting unit 10a and the second sub-light emitting unit 10b respectively perform preliminary deflection on the light rays emitted by the sub-pixels therein. The prism angle β (that is, the included angle between the incident surface and the exit surface of the prism) should satisfy:

[0140] The light rays emitted by the sub-pixels in the first sub-light emitting unit 10a and the second sub-light emitting unit 10b enter the obliquely placed first lens member 12 respectively after being deflected by the prisms therein. In order to improve the light efficiency and reduce the loss of light rays when entering the first lens, in the embodiment of the present disclosure, the angle α (the included angle between the incident surface and the non-light-incident surface of the first lens assembly) of the first lens member 12 satisfies: 120° < α < 150°; the radius of curvature R1 of the exit surface of the first lens member 12 satisfies: Wt / 10 < R1 < Wt / 5; Wt is the width of the light emitting unit in the preset direction (row direction X).

[0141] With the above-described arrangement of the first lens component 12, when the light incident on the first lens component 12 in the first sub-light-emitting unit 10a and the second sub-light-emitting unit 10b is emitted, it is refracted by its respective emission surface (curved surface) and propagates in different viewing angle directions. This causes the light emitted by the three sub-pixels in the first sub-light-emitting unit 10a, namely sub-pixel 1 to sub-pixel 3, and the three sub-pixels 11 in the second sub-light-emitting unit 10b, namely sub-pixel 5 to sub-pixel 7, to propagate in the corresponding viewing angle directions, thereby forming a viewing angle separation effect, as shown in Figure 21.

[0142] In some examples, the first light-blocking component 21 consists of a first light-blocking plate 211 and a first extension 212, and the second light-blocking component 22 consists of a second light-blocking plate 221 and a second extension 222. The second extension 222 is located between the first lens component 12 and its corresponding prism, and it not only supports the assembly of the first lens and prism but also controls the direction of light propagation, functioning similarly to an aperture stop in an optical system. Therefore, the first light-blocking plate 211 and the second light-blocking plate 221 of the mask 2 are required to be as thin as possible and have low reflectivity.

[0143] In some examples, referring to Figure 18, the third sub-light-emitting unit 10c includes only one second lens component 14. The second lens component 14 is a single plano-convex lens used to converge the light emitted by the sub-pixel 4 in the third sub-light-emitting unit 10c in a direction perpendicular to the substrate 120, reducing interference to other viewing angles and improving the light utilization rate in the central viewing angle direction. Typically, the optimal viewing range of the central viewing angle is within ±10°. The width Wg, height H3, and radius of curvature R3 of the exit surface (convex surface) of the second lens component 14 satisfy the following conditions: Wt / 15 <Wg<Wt / 5; Wt / 8<H3<Wt / 5; Wt / 20<R3<Wt / 5。

[0144] In some examples, although the second lens component 14 converges the light rays at viewing angle 4, some light rays still exceed the ±10° visible range. To minimize interference from the emitted light rays of the sub-pixel 4 in the third sub-light-emitting unit 10c to other viewing angles, the height of the first light-blocking components 21 on both sides of the second lens component 14 needs to be increased to block large-angle light rays. Generally, the height Hm of the first light-blocking components 21 on both sides of the second lens component 14 is required to satisfy: Wg / 5 + H3 <Hm<2Wt / 3。

[0145] It should be noted that although the mask 2 is designed to be vertical, due to limitations in processing capabilities during actual production, the surface of the mask 2 often has a certain tilt angle (i.e., the ejection angle). For example, the inner wall of the cavity of the mask 2 that houses the second lens component 14 usually has a structure that is smaller inside and larger outside, meaning that the farther away from the second lens component 14, the larger the measured value of Wg. If the ejection angle becomes larger, the height Hm of the mask 2 should also be increased slightly accordingly.

[0146] In some examples, as shown in Figure 20, the sub-pixels in each light-emitting unit are not uniformly distributed within the pixel region, and the width of each sub-pixel distribution region is represented by Ws. Typically, Ws = Wt + R1 × cosα.

[0147] As shown in Figure 21, the three sub-pixels 11 in the first sub-light-emitting unit 10a are sub-pixels 1, 2, and 3. The light emitted by each sub-pixel is refracted by the prism and the first lens component 12 and then emitted in the directions of viewing angles A1 to A3. Part of the light emitted by the sub-pixel 11 (sub-pixel 4) in the third sub-light-emitting unit 10c is refracted by the second lens component 14 and converges and is emitted in the normal direction, ultimately forming viewing angle 4. Other light rays are blocked by the mask 2 to avoid affecting other viewing angles. The second sub-light-emitting unit 10b is symmetrically arranged with the first sub-light-emitting unit 10a. The three sub-pixels 11 in the second sub-light-emitting unit 10b are sub-pixels 5, 6, and 7. The light emitted by each sub-pixel is refracted by the prism and the first lens component 12 and then emitted in the directions symmetrical to viewing angles A1 to A3, forming viewing angles A5 to A7. This ultimately creates a display effect with seven separate viewing angles.

[0148] In some examples, to optimize display performance, it's necessary to minimize the interference between viewing angles. Therefore, mask 2 needs to be made of an opaque material, serving both to separate pixels and to support and fix the lenses and prisms. Internal baffles in mask 2 separate and support the prisms and lenses, and block stray light propagation. The surface of mask 2 needs to be coated with a black material to reduce reflection; the lower the reflectivity of the coating, the less crosstalk between viewing angles, and the better the viewing angle separation effect. Preferably, the reflectivity of the material coated on mask 2 needs to be below 10%.

[0149] In some examples, referring to FIG22, in order to facilitate demolding, the width of the first extension 212 in the first light-blocking member 21 of the mask 2 is narrower in the direction perpendicular to the substrate 120 as it moves further away from the first baffle. Similarly, the width of the second extension 222 in the second light-blocking member 22 is narrower in the direction perpendicular to the substrate 120 as it moves further away from the second baffle.

[0150] The second example, as shown in Figure 23, has a structure largely the same as the first example, except that the light-emitting unit only includes the first sub-light-emitting unit 10a and the second sub-light-emitting unit 10b. Compared to the first example, the third sub-light-emitting unit 10c is removed, which means the central sub-pixel and the second lens component 14 are also removed. In this example, the display substrate can achieve a display with six viewing angles. The angle α of the first lens component 12 in this example is increased by approximately 5–10° compared to the first example, and the total field of view is reduced from 120° to approximately 100°.

[0151] In this example, the display substrate of the light-emitting unit 100 still adopts a left-right symmetrical structure for the first sub-light-emitting unit 10a and the second sub-light-emitting unit 10b. The first lens component 12 is used to achieve the effect of viewing angle separation, and its optical path is similar to pinhole imaging, thus making the sub-pixel arrangement order reversed with the viewing angle order. For example, the first lens component 12 in the first sub-light-emitting unit 10a corresponds to the first three viewing angles with the prism, and the viewing angle order from left to right is A1 to A3, but the sub-pixel order corresponding to the viewing angle is arranged from right to left. Similarly, the three sub-pixels 11 in the second sub-light-emitting unit 10b are sub-pixel 6, sub-pixel 5, and sub-pixel 4 from left to right. When the total field of view decreases, the distance between sub-pixels 1 and 6 and the pixel center position also increases slightly. To ensure a better visual experience in the normal direction, sub-pixels 3 and 4 located at the edge should be moved outwards appropriately. This embodiment can achieve a display effect of 6 viewing angles within a total viewing angle range of 100°.

[0152] The third example: As shown in Figures 24 and 25, the structure in this example is roughly the same as that in the first example. The difference is that the second light-blocking component 22 in this example no longer has a second extension 222, and the light deflection component 13, i.e., the prism, in the second sub-light source of the first sub-light-emitting unit 10a does not overlap with the orthographic projection of the non-light-incident surface of the first lens component 12 on the substrate 120. A first reflective layer 151 is provided on the non-light-incident surface side of the first lens component 12, and a second reflective layer 152 is provided on the surface opposite the prism and the second light-blocking component 22, which can absorb stray light and limit the exit angle of the light.

[0153] In this case, the top sides of the first lens component 12 can be extended slightly outward, and the corresponding part of the mask 2 can be recessed to form a limiting hole, thereby fixing or bonding the first lens component 12 to the mask 2. At the same time, due to the reduction in lens volume and the simplification of the shape of the mask 2, the manufacturing process and cost can be further optimized.

[0154] The fourth example, as shown in FIG. 26, is generally the same in structure as the first example. The difference is that the number of light sources in each sub-pixel in this example is multiple. In this example, each sub-pixel 11 includes 3 light sources arranged side by side along a preset direction.

[0155] As shown in FIGS. 27 and 28, since the relative position between the optical element and the light source affects the light-emitting angle, in the embodiments of the present disclosure, a relatively high alignment accuracy requirement for the mask 2 and the light source or the light source array is required. In this example, the sub-pixel 11 includes three light sources, and the (left and right) light sources at the edges in each sub-pixel 11 can be used as redundant light sources. When there is a deviation in the alignment of the mask 2 and the light source (the middle light source), the influence of the device position deviation can be reduced by selecting the redundant light sources. In addition, if the size of a single sub-pixel 11 is very small compared to the width Wt of the pixel effective area (such as the pixel size <Wt / 20), the viewing angle range of each viewing angle will be relatively small. At this time, the sub-pixel 11 composed of multiple light sources can effectively broaden the width of the sub-pixel and increase the viewing range of each viewing angle.

[0156] The fifth example: as shown in FIG. 29, this example is generally the same in structure as the first example. The difference is that the first lens components in the same column of light-emitting units in this example are connected into an integrated structure, and the second lens components are connected into an integrated structure. It should be noted that the first lens members 12 in the first sub-light-emitting unit 10a and the second sub-light-emitting unit 10b are independently provided. This structure is simple and easy to implement.

[0157] It should be noted that only several exemplary display substrate structures are given above, and the deformations of the above structures are within the protection scope of the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0158] In some examples, the light sources in the sub-pixels in the embodiments of the present disclosure can select LED chips or packaged SMD lamp beads. However, since the embodiments of the present disclosure consider the utilization of the light rays emitted by the light sources in various direction angles, a light source close to Lambert should be preferably selected, and a light source with strong collimation should not be selected.

[0159] As another technical solution, the embodiments of the present disclosure further provide a display device, including the above display substrate provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0160] The display device provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure can realize the light propagation of more different viewing angles within a larger viewing angle range by adopting the above display substrate provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0161] It is understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary implementations used to illustrate the principles of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto. For those skilled in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A display substrate, comprising a substrate and a plurality of light-emitting units disposed on the substrate, wherein each light-emitting unit includes a plurality of sub-light-emitting units arranged side-by-side in a predetermined direction, and the light emitted by the plurality of sub-light-emitting units is at different angles, so that the display substrate has at least a plurality of different viewing angles; each sub-light-emitting unit includes at least one sub-pixel, and an optical element disposed on the light-emitting side of the sub-pixel; wherein, The number of sub-pixels in at least one of the light-emitting units is multiple, and the optical element therein includes a light deflection component and a first lens component arranged sequentially along the direction away from the sub-pixel; the light deflection component is configured to deflect the light incident on it in a direction away from a preset central axis, so that the deflected light is incident on the first lens component; the first lens component is configured to adjust the exit angle of the light incident on it.

2. The display substrate according to claim 1, wherein, For any one of the light-emitting units, at least two of the plurality of sub-light-emitting units are symmetrically arranged along a preset central axis; For the two sub-light-emitting units symmetrically arranged along a preset central axis, each includes multiple sub-pixels, and the optical element therein includes a light deflection component and a first lens component arranged sequentially along the direction away from the sub-pixel; the light deflection component is configured to deflect the light incident on it in a direction away from the preset central axis, so that the deflected light is incident on the first lens component; the first lens component is configured to adjust the exit angle of the light incident on it, so that the display substrate has at least multiple different viewing angles.

3. The display substrate according to claim 1, wherein, The light deflection component includes at least one prism, wherein the incident surface of the prism and the exit surface of the prism form a first angle.

4. The display substrate according to claim 3, wherein, The angle between the light rays entering the light deflection component from the incident surface of the prism and the light rays exiting from the exit surface of the prism is a preset second angle; The first included angle is determined based on the second included angle and the refractive index of the prism; The orthographic projection shape of the prism on the preset projection plane includes an isosceles triangle, and the orthographic projection shapes of the incident surface and the exit surface of the prism on the preset projection plane are respectively the two legs of the isosceles triangle; the preset projection plane is perpendicular to the substrate and parallel to the preset direction.

5. The display substrate according to claim 4, wherein, The first included angle satisfies the following relationship: Wherein, the first included angle is β, the second included angle is α, and n is the refractive index of the prism.

6. The display substrate according to claim 3, wherein, The orthographic projection shape of the prism on the preset projection plane includes a right triangle. The orthographic projection shape of one of the incident surface and the exit surface of the prism on the preset projection plane is the right-angled side of the right triangle, and the orthographic projection shape of the other surface on the preset projection plane is the hypotenuse of the right triangle. The preset projection surface is perpendicular to the substrate and parallel to the preset direction.

7. The display substrate according to claim 3, wherein, The prism is a single unit, located on the light-emitting side of all sub-pixels in the sub-light-emitting unit except for the sub-pixel furthest from the preset central axis.

8. The display substrate according to claim 3, wherein, The sub-light-emitting unit has at least two prisms, which are arranged sequentially along the preset direction. Each prism is located on the light-emitting side of at least one of the sub-pixels of the sub-light-emitting unit, and different prisms correspond to different sub-light-emitting units.

9. The display substrate according to claim 8, wherein, There are two prisms, namely a first prism and a second prism. The first prism is located on the light-emitting side of the sub-pixel in the sub-light-emitting unit, except for the sub-pixel furthest from the preset central axis. The second prism is located on the light-emitting side of the sub-pixel furthest from the preset central axis. The incident surface of the first prism forms an angle with the incident surface of the second prism, and the exit surface of the first prism forms an angle with the exit surface of the second prism.

10. The display substrate according to claim 9, wherein, The second prism is configured to deflect the light rays incident on the sub-pixel furthest from the preset central axis in a direction away from the preset central axis, and the first lens component is configured to cause the light rays emitted from the sub-pixel furthest from the preset central axis to exit in a direction perpendicular to the substrate.

11. The display substrate according to claim 3, wherein, The prism has multiple incident surfaces, which are arranged sequentially along the preset direction, and the angle between each incident surface and the exit surface of the prism is different.

12. The display substrate according to claim 11, wherein, The prism is a single unit and is located on the light-emitting side of all the sub-pixels in the sub-light-emitting unit; The prism has two incident surfaces, namely a first incident surface and a second incident surface. A portion of the light emitted from the sub-pixels in the light-emitting unit illuminates the first incident surface, and a portion of the light emitted from the sub-pixels illuminates the second incident surface.

13. The display substrate according to claim 12, wherein, The prism has two incident surfaces, namely a first incident surface and a second incident surface. The first incident surface is located on the light-emitting side of all sub-pixels in the sub-light-emitting unit except for the sub-pixel furthest from the preset central axis. The second incident surface is located on the light-emitting side of the sub-pixel furthest from the preset central axis.

14. The display substrate according to claim 11, wherein, The prism is a single unit and is located on the light-emitting side of all the sub-pixels in the sub-light-emitting unit; The prism has two incident surfaces, namely a first incident surface and a second incident surface. The second incident surface is closer to the preset central axis than the first incident surface. The emitted light rays from all the sub-pixels in the sub-light-emitting unit are irradiated onto the second incident surface.

15. The display substrate according to any one of claims 12-14, wherein, The angle between the first incident surface of the prism and the exit surface of the prism is the first angle; The first included angle satisfies the following relationship: Wherein, the first included angle is β, and n is the refractive index of the prism.

16. The display substrate according to claim 1, wherein, For the optical element including the light deflection component and the first lens component, the line connecting the two endpoints of the incident surface of the first optical lens projected onto the preset projection plane has a certain angle with the plane where the substrate is located; the preset projection plane is perpendicular to the plane where the substrate is located and parallel to the preset direction.

17. The display substrate according to claim 16, wherein, The incident surface of the first lens component is a plane or a convex curved surface; the exit surface of the first lens component is a convex curved surface.

18. The display substrate according to any one of claims 1-14, wherein, The adjacent sub-light-emitting units in the light-emitting unit are provided with a first light-blocking component; The display substrate further includes a second light-blocking component, which is disposed between adjacent light-emitting units arranged in the preset direction.

19. The display substrate according to claim 18, wherein, A second light-blocking component is disposed around one of the light-emitting units, and at least a portion of the edge of the first lens component overlaps the end face of the second light-blocking component away from the substrate.

20. The display substrate according to claim 19, wherein, The first lens component includes a main body and a first support; the main body has an incident surface and an exit surface, and the incident surface and the exit surface of the main body serve as the incident surface and the exit surface of the first lens component, respectively. The first support portion is connected to the first main body portion and overlaps on the end face of the second light-blocking component that is away from the substrate.

21. The display substrate according to claim 20, wherein, The first light-blocking component includes a first light-blocking plate and a first extension connected to the first light-blocking plate and protruding toward the nearest first lens component; The first lens component further includes a second support portion connected to the main body portion, the second support portion overlapping the first extension portion.

22. The display substrate according to claim 21, wherein, The surface of the first support portion away from the substrate is connected to the emission surface of the main body portion to form an integral structure, and extends along the length direction of the emission surface of the main body portion; The second support portion is connected to the emission surface of the main body portion as an integral structure on the surface away from the substrate, and is parallel to the plane of the substrate.

23. The display substrate according to claim 20, wherein, The main body of the first lens assembly also has a non-light-incident surface that is disposed corresponding to the exit surface and connected to the incident surface of the main body; The second light-blocking component includes a second light-blocking plate and a second extension connected to the second light-blocking plate; the second extension is located between the non-light-incident surface of the main body and the light-deflecting component.

24. The display substrate according to claim 20, wherein, The main body of the first lens assembly also has a non-light-incident surface that is disposed corresponding to the exit surface and connected to the incident surface of the main body; The light deflection component and the non-light-incident surface of the main body do not overlap on the orthographic projection of the main body onto the substrate; a first reflective layer is provided on the non-light-incident surface of the main body, and a second reflective layer is provided on the surface of the light deflection component facing the second light-blocking plate.

25. The display substrate according to claim 18, wherein, Each of the second light-blocking components and the first light-blocking component is connected as a single structure.

26. The display substrate according to any one of claims 1-14, wherein, The optical elements in some of the light-emitting units include only a second lens component; the second lens component is configured to converge the light incident upon it.

27. The display substrate according to any one of claims 1-14, wherein, The plurality of light-emitting units in the light-emitting unit includes a first sub-light-emitting unit and a second sub-light-emitting unit; Both the first sub-light-emitting unit and the second sub-light-emitting unit include a plurality of the sub-pixels, the first lens component, and at least one of the prisms.

28. The display substrate according to any one of claims 1-14, wherein, The light-emitting unit comprises three sub-light-emitting units, namely a first sub-light-emitting unit, a second sub-light-emitting unit, and a third sub-light-emitting unit arranged sequentially along the preset direction. The first sub-light-emitting unit and the second sub-light-emitting unit each include a plurality of sub-pixels, a first lens component, and at least one prism. The third sub-light-emitting unit includes at least one sub-pixel, and the light-emitting element in the third sub-light-emitting unit includes only the second lens component.

29. The display substrate according to any one of claims 1-14, wherein, The subpixels include red light sources, green light sources, and blue light sources.

30. The display substrate according to any one of claims 1-14, wherein, Each light-emitting unit includes multiple light sources, which are located in the plane of the substrate and arranged in at least two columns along a direction perpendicular to the preset direction. In each column, multiple light sources are arranged at intervals along a direction parallel to the preset direction, and all columns contain the same number of light sources, which are staggered one-to-one along a direction parallel to the preset direction.

31. The display substrate according to claim 30, wherein, The sub-pixel includes multiple light sources arranged side by side along a preset direction.

32. A display device comprising a display substrate as described in any one of claims 1-31.

Images