Terminal, wireless communication method, and base station

Abstract

A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure comprises: a reception unit that, during an idle state, receives, in a second cell, a target of either a signal for connection to a first cell or a setting for receiving the signal; and a control unit that controls the connection on the basis of the target. The frequency of the signal in the first cell is lower than the frequency of the signal in other cells.

Description

Terminal, wireless communication method, and base station

[0001] This disclosure relates to terminals, wireless communication methods, and base stations in next-generation mobile communication systems.

[0002] In the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network, Long Term Evolution (LTE) was specified with the aim of achieving even higher data rates and lower latency (Non-Patent Literature 1). Furthermore, LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10-14) was specified with the aim of further increasing the capacity and sophistication of LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP®) Release (Rel.) 8, 9).

[0003] Successor systems to LTE (for example, 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G+ (plus), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), New Radio (NR), 3GPP Rel. 15 and later) are also being considered.

[0004] 3GPP TS 36.300 V8.12.0 “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2 (Release 8)”, April 2010

[0005] In NR, cells periodically transmit signals for connection to that cell. UEs receive these signals and connect to the cell based on them.

[0006] In future wireless communication systems, reducing network power consumption is being considered. However, the methods for transmitting / notifying signals for cell connectivity have not been adequately considered in order to reduce power consumption. If these methods are not appropriate, the effectiveness of power reduction and communication performance may be suppressed.

[0007] Therefore, one of the objectives of this disclosure is to provide a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station that appropriately reduce the power consumption of a network.

[0008] A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes, in an idle state, a receiving unit that receives in a second cell either a signal for connecting to a first cell or a setting for receiving the signal, and a control unit that controls the connection based on the setting, wherein the frequency of the signal in the first cell is lower than the frequency of the signal in other cells.

[0009] According to one aspect of this disclosure, network power consumption can be appropriately reduced.

[0010] Figure 1 shows an example of carrier design in a future wireless communication system. Figure 2 shows an example of state 1 in the embodiment scenario. Figure 3 shows an example of state 2 in the embodiment scenario. Figure 4 shows an example of state 3 in the embodiment scenario. Figure 5 shows an example of state 4 in the embodiment scenario. Figure 6 shows an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment. Figure 7 shows an example of the configuration of a base station according to one embodiment. Figure 8 shows an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to one embodiment. Figure 9 shows an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and user terminal according to one embodiment. Figure 10 shows an example of a vehicle according to one embodiment.

[0011] (Carrier design in future wireless communication systems) In future wireless communication systems (e.g., Rel. 21 and beyond, 6G systems), it is expected that advanced services exceeding those of 5G NR systems will be realized in order to solve social issues in the 2030s and beyond, as exemplified below: - Scalable network (NW). - Easy-to-operate NW. - Sustainable / resilient NW. - Improved performance (e.g., throughput / capacity) at lower bit costs. - Significant reduction in the cost / complexity / power consumption of cellular networks. - Increased revenue / creation of new value through cellular networks.

[0012] For scalable networks, it is desirable that the basic design of a 6G system be applicable not only to use cases within the 6G system but also to potential new use cases that may arise later. This is because it will be beneficial and practical for features that are expected to be released in the future.

[0013] For easily operable networks, it is desirable to avoid specifying multiple options for the same purpose.

[0014] For sustainable and fast-recovering networks, significant cost and energy consumption reductions are desirable for both the network side and the terminals (user terminals, user equipment (UE)). Furthermore, improved fault tolerance and rapid recovery capabilities against all kinds of events (e.g., operational errors, high traffic, disasters, etc.) are also desirable.

[0015] The following describes an example of a carrier design in a future wireless communication system, as shown in Figure 1.

[0016] The UE may monitor multiple frequencies (for example, which may be called monitoring frequencies / synchronous rasters) to detect a first carrier (for example, which may be called a perch carrier).

[0017] If a first carrier is detected, the UE may perform a synchronous operation (which may be called a first synchronous operation) and receive / retrieve information (e.g., system information).

[0018] The UE may perform initial access / random access on a second carrier (which may be called an anchor carrier, for example) based on the received / acquired information (e.g., system information) and establish an RRC connection with the NW. At least a portion of the initial access / random access may be performed on the first carrier.

[0019] The UE may transmit / receive data on a third carrier (which may be called a data carrier, for example) that is set up by signals transmitted / received on a second carrier.

[0020] Please note that the names such as perch carrier, anchor carrier, and data carrier used in this disclosure are merely examples and are not limited to these names.

[0021] This carrier design example shows both a low-frequency band (coverage band) and a high-frequency band (capacity band). In the example shown in Figure 1, after the UE is powered on, the UE performs a cell search using the monitoring frequency. Next, the monitoring frequency resource detected by the UE becomes the perch carrier (first carrier), and the perch carrier receives information about the anchor carrier (second carrier). The UE performs initial access (IA) using at least one of the perch carrier and the anchor carrier. From the cell search to the completion of IA, the UE is in idle mode.

[0022] After initial access is complete, the UE enters RRC connection (CONNECTED) mode. The UE receives information about the data carrier (third carrier) on the anchor carrier. The UE performs additional synchronization on the anchor carrier. The UE transmits / receives data on the data carrier for a specific use case (e.g., eMBB / other purposes).

[0023] In this carrier design example, if the UE enters idle mode / inactive mode again, RRC reconnection may be performed using LP-WUS / WUR and at least one of the mobility operations.

[0024] In this carrier design example, carriers other than the perch carrier may be on-demand carriers (i.e., carriers that are not always on) from the perspective of reducing network energy. For example, at least one of the second carrier (anchor carrier) and the third carrier (data carrier) may support on-demand transmission / setting, where transmission is controlled based on a wake-up signal / trigger signal, while the first carrier (perch carrier) may not support on-demand transmission / setting.

[0025] For example, the UE may transmit a wake-up / trigger signal based on information about a second carrier received on the first carrier, and receive a signal transmitted on the second carrier in response to the wake-up / trigger signal. In another example, the UE may transmit a wake-up / trigger signal based on information about a third carrier received on the second carrier, and receive a signal transmitted on the third carrier in response to the wake-up / trigger signal.

[0026] In this carrier design example, the UE may obtain a first synchronization (or information about the first synchronization) on the first carrier and a second synchronization (or information about the second synchronization) on the second carrier. In this case, the UE may perform transmission and reception on the first carrier (or transmission and reception on the first carrier and transmission and reception on a portion of the second carrier) based on the first synchronization, and perform transmission and reception on the second and third carriers (or transmission and reception on a portion of the second carrier and transmission and reception on the third carrier) based on the second synchronization.

[0027] <Monitoring Frequency / Synchronization Raster> The monitoring frequency / synchronization raster may indicate the frequency position of the synchronization signal block (SSB) that the UE can use to acquire the system.

[0028] In existing NRs (e.g., up to Rel. 18), the frequency position (center frequency) of the synchronization signal block is expressed as N * 1200 kHz + M * 50 kHz (where N is an integer from 1 to 2499, and M is 1, 3, or 5) for frequencies from 0 to 3000 MHz (Frequency Range (FR) 1), and as 3000 MHz + N * 1.44 MHz (where N is an integer from 0 to 14756) for frequencies above 3000 MHz (FR 2).

[0029] Furthermore, during initial access to an existing NR, the order in which the UE searches for synchronized rasters depends on the UE implementation. For efficient searching, a Global Synchronization Channel Number (GSCN) is defined, and the GSCN range is notified to the UE. This GSCN is represented as 3N + (M - 3) / 2 in FR1 and as 7499 + N in FR2.

[0030] In this disclosure, the number of monitoring frequency / synchronous rasters may be more limited (e.g., smaller) than the number of monitoring frequency / synchronous rasters in existing NRs. In other words, the frequency spacing of the monitoring frequency / synchronous rasters may be wider than in existing NRs.

[0031] For example, the location of a synchronization raster may be defined based on its relationship to information relating to a frequency band (e.g., a frequency band index). The UE may monitor or search for the location of a synchronization raster associated with a frequency band index. Alternatively, the UE may assume that the location of a synchronization raster is associated with a frequency band index, and may monitor or search for synchronization rasters based on that assumption.

[0032] For example, the bandwidth in which a GSCN or synchronous raster is defined may be limited. A UE may monitor or search for the bandwidth in which a GSCN or synchronous raster is defined among the bandwidths supported by the UE. Alternatively, a UE may assume that a GSCN or synchronous raster is defined in only a specific bandwidth among the bandwidths supported by the UE, and may monitor or search for a GSCN or synchronous raster based on that assumption.

[0033] For example, in a certain band, the GSCN or synchronization raster may be defined only at specific frequency positions. For example, in a certain band, the GSCN or synchronization raster may be defined within X Hz (X is an arbitrary number) from the lower limit of the band. The UE may monitor or search for the GSCN or synchronization raster at the specific frequency position (only) where the GSCN or synchronization raster is defined for each band supported by the UE. Also, the UE may assume that the GSCN or synchronization raster is defined only at a specific frequency position in a certain band, and monitor or search for the GSCN or synchronization raster based on that assumption.

[0034] According to this, the time required for cell search per frequency (i.e., the period of the synchronization signal block per frequency) can be extended, NW energy reduction can be achieved, and the time required for initial access can be shortened.

[0035] The resource of the monitoring frequency detected by the UE may correspond to a potential partial carrier (first carrier).

[0036] <Partial Carrier> The first carrier may be a carrier common to a plurality of UEs.

[0037] The first carrier may be a common carrier, for example, regardless of the use case / service / device type.

[0038] In the first carrier, a common signal (e.g., synchronization signal block / master information block / system information block) may be transmitted. Also, in the first carrier, transmission and reception of data (e.g., application layer information) may not be assumed. Also, in the first carrier, transmission and reception of information related to a specific UE or specific UE group (e.g., information other than information related to the second carrier) may not be assumed.

[0039] The signal (transmitted in the first carrier) may be maintained in an always-on (periodically transmitted) state.

[0040] Signals transmitted on the first carrier (e.g., synchronization signal blocks / master information blocks / system information blocks) may include information about an anchor carrier (second carrier) that is available in the system or used by the UE.

[0041] The first carrier may have a frequency lower than a specific value (for example, 800 MHz).

[0042] The first carrier may correspond to a single (base station) beam.

[0043] The UE may perform a first synchronization in the first carrier. The first synchronization may mean a first step / level (e.g., coarse) synchronization among multiple (e.g., two) step / level synchronizations.

[0044] The first carrier may, for example, be included in a coverage band.

[0045] By defining and utilizing the first carrier in this way, it is possible to cover all future use cases and contribute to achieving a scalable network.

[0046] <Anchor Carrier> The second carrier may be a carrier / frequency used for network connection / control.

[0047] The second carrier may be an individual carrier for each UE, for multiple UEs (UE groups), for each use case, or for each service. A UE may determine which second carrier is compatible with its device based on information obtained from the first carrier.

[0048] In the second carrier, at least one of the following transmissions / receptions / operations may occur: - Transmission / reception of a system information block for a specific use case (e.g., enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB)); - Connection establishment; - Transmission / reception of a wake-up signal (WUS); - Wake-up receiver (WUR) operation; - Second synchronization; - Information about the third carrier.

[0049] The terms "Wake-up signal (WUS)" and "Wake-up receiver" may be interpreted as "Low-power wake-up signal (LP-WUS)" and "Low-power wake-up receiver (LP-WUR)."

[0050] By using a second carrier to perform LP-WUS / WUR related operations, it is possible to reduce network energy consumption and user energy consumption.

[0051] The second carrier (and the signals transmitted on it) does not have to be constantly on (it may be in a dormant state). For example, the transmission of signals on the second carrier (DL transmission / UL transmission) may be supported to be performed on demand in response to a wake-up signal / trigger signal.

[0052] The second synchronization may refer to the second step / level (e.g., a more precise) synchronization among multiple (e.g., two) step / level synchronizations. For example, a UE may achieve the first synchronization on the first carrier and the second synchronization on the second carrier.

[0053] The second carrier may be included in the first carrier in certain cases (for example, in the case of a [narrowband] IoT device). Alternatively, the second carrier may be configured as a carrier that overlaps the same frequency band as the first carrier.

[0054] The second carrier may, for example, be included in a coverage band.

[0055] At least one operation performed on the second carrier may also be performed on the first / third carrier. Furthermore, at least one operation performed on the first / third carrier may also be performed on the second carrier.

[0056] <Data Carrier> The third carrier may be a carrier used for transmitting / receiving data.

[0057] The third carrier could be an individual carrier for each UE, for multiple UEs (UE groups), for each use case, or for each service.

[0058] The third carrier (and the signals transmitted on it) does not have to be constantly on (it may be in a dormant state). For example, the transmission of signals on the third carrier (DL transmission / UL transmission) may be supported to be performed on demand in response to a wake-up signal / trigger signal.

[0059] The third carrier may be included in both the coverage band and the capacity band, for example. The third carrier within the capacity band may be used as a surplus carrier.

[0060] The third career may include the first career.

[0061] UE / NW may use the first carrier as a third carrier only in specific cases. Such specific cases may be, for example, at least one of (re-)initial access, fallback cases, and mobility on the second carrier.

[0062] UE may use / monitor the first carrier as a third carrier. Also, U may use / monitor the first carrier as a third carrier in the case of mobility on the first carrier.

[0063] The first, second, and third carriers corresponding to terrestrial networks (TN) and the first, second, and third carriers corresponding to non-terrestrial networks (NTN) may be defined separately or in common.

[0064] Furthermore, certain devices (for example, devices that do not perform cell search / RRC connectivity (e.g., Ambient IoT (A-IoT))) do not need to use a second carrier.

[0065] Furthermore, the carrier design described above may be applied to a cell-free configuration as appropriate. For example, the first carrier may correspond to a first cell (e.g., a supercell) or to a second cell (e.g., an area). Also, for example, the second carrier may correspond to a first cell (e.g., a supercell) or to a second cell (e.g., an area). Also, for example, the third carrier may correspond to a second cell (e.g., an area).

[0066] (Points to consider) The following are possible motivations for introducing a perch carrier: ◆ Reduced complexity. The complexity of searching during initial access is reduced by limiting the synchronous raster position [only in the perch carrier]. ◆ Energy saving. By separating the initial access function, the period of reference signals (RS) / system information (SI) in the anchor carrier becomes longer. There are no always-on signals (transmitted periodically, always on) in the data carrier. ◆ Efficient installation in IoT operations. Bottlenecks in lower-performance devices are eliminated by defining a unified framework from low-end to advanced devices. ◆ Scalability for future high-performance devices. Scalability in real-world environments is optimized by separating the anchor carrier for [new] high-performance devices.

[0067] The following aspects are being considered to ensure performance equal to or better than existing cellular networks: ◆ Maximum data rate. ◆ Connection procedures. Congestion control to avoid cases where all UEs attempt to camp in the same cell. ◆ Network coverage.

[0068] One method for reducing network energy saving (NES) / user interface (UE) power consumption is to reduce the various signals that the network must constantly transmit (always-on signaling). When reducing network power consumption based on solutions and implementations of existing specifications, depending on the method, there is a risk that connections may become impossible or performance may degrade. For example, reducing always-on signaling may degrade communication performance.

[0069] Therefore, the inventors conceived a method for reducing the power consumption of NW / UE.

[0070] The embodiments of this disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. Each wireless communication method according to the embodiments may be applied individually or in combination.

[0071] (Various substitutions) In this disclosure, words enclosed in parentheses () may indicate an explanation of the preceding word (e.g., an explanation of spelling), a paraphrase, a specific example, or supplementary explanation. Also, in this disclosure, words enclosed in square brackets [] may be interpreted as part of the overall meaning of the text, or they may be interpreted as being excluded (ignored). Note that parentheses () and square brackets [] may be used for purposes / meanings other than those described above.

[0072] In this disclosure, "A / B" and "at least one of A and B" may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. In this disclosure, "A / B / C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C".

[0073] In this disclosure, terms such as notice, activate, deactivate, indicate (or specify), select, configure, update, and determine may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, terms such as support, control, controllable, operate, and capable of operating may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0074] In this disclosure, Radio Resource Control (RRC), RRC parameters, RRC messages, higher-layer parameters, fields, Information Elements (IE), settings, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, Medium Access Control elements (MAC Control Elements (CE)), update commands, activation / deactivation commands, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0075] In this disclosure, the upper layer signaling may be any or a combination thereof, such as Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, and other messages (e.g., messages from the core network, such as positioning protocol messages (e.g., NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPPa) / LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP)) messages).

[0076] In this disclosure, MAC signaling may include, for example, MAC Control Elements (MAC CEs) and MAC Protocol Data Units (PDUs). Broadcast information may include, for example, Master Information Blocks (MIBs), System Information Blocks (SIBs), Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSIs), and Other System Information (OSIs).

[0077] In this disclosure, physical layer signaling may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) and Uplink Control Information (UCI).

[0078] In the present disclosure, the following abbreviations may be used. ◆ FDM: frequency division multiplexing ◆ TDM: time division multiplexing ◆ CDM: spatial division multiplexing

[0079] In the present disclosure, ceil(x), ceiling function, ceiling operation may be read interchangeably. In the present disclosure, floor(x), floor function, floor operation may be read interchangeably. In the present disclosure, sqrt(x), square root of x, root x may be read interchangeably. In the present disclosure, x mod y, mod(x, y), mod function, modulo operation may be read interchangeably. In the present disclosure, Σ i=M M+N-1 f(i), Σ i=M M+N-1 f i , the summation of f(i) or f over i = M, M + 1,..., M + N - 1 i f(M)+f(M + 1)+...+f(M + N - 1), f M + f M+1 +...+ f M+N-1 may be read interchangeably. C(n,k) is the number of combinations (combinatorial coefficient) of choosing k values from n values, binomial coefficients n C k C n k may be read interchangeably. In the present disclosure, x / / y, floor(x / y) may be read interchangeably

[0080] In the present disclosure, A b , A_b, Ab, the notation with b attached to the lower right of A, may be read interchangeably. In the present disclosure, A c , A^c, the notation with c attached to the upper right of A, may be read interchangeably. In the present disclosure, A b cThe notation A_b^c, where b is placed to the lower right of A and c is placed to the upper right of A, may be interpreted as being interchangeable. In this disclosure, x ~ x may be represented by placing a ~ above x, or it may be called x tilde. In this disclosure, x - x may be represented by placing a hyphen above it, or it may be called an x-bar. In this disclosure, x ＾ This can also be represented by placing a caret (^) above x, or it may be called an x-hat.

[0081] In this disclosure, terms such as process, procedure, operation, and behavior may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0082] In this disclosure, information, settings, instructions, notices, messages, fields, DCI, and RRC IE may be interpreted as mutually exclusive.

[0083] In this disclosure, base station (BS), gNB, network (NW), radio access network (RAN), and core network (CN) may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0084] In this disclosure, state and mode may be interchangeable. The state may be one of a plurality of states, including RRC_CONNECTED, RRC_IDLE, and RRC_INACTIVE.

[0085] In this disclosure, carrier, CC, frequency, and band may be interpreted as mutually exclusive.

[0086] (Wireless communication method) <Terminology> Terms used in this disclosure may be based on the following:

[0087] ◆Specific signals may be signals / [system] information / channels that are always transmitted periodically in a cell. A specific signal for a cell may refer to a signal for connection to / access to that cell (a signal necessary for a UE to connect to / access that cell). A specific signal for a cell may refer to a transmission (information / RS) in that cell that is necessary for a UE to connect to / access that cell. In this disclosure, specific signals [transmission / resource / RS / information], always-on signaling, always-on transmission signal, specific RS, specific information, RS / information obtained from (transmitted / carried by) a specific signal, transmission / resource / information requiring always / periodic transmission, always / periodic signal [transmission / resource / signal / information], transmission [resource / signal / information] for connection / access / search [to a cell], and synchronization signal blocks (SSB, SS / PBCH blocks) may be interpreted interchangeably. A specific signal may include at least one of a specific RS and specific information. For example, if the specific signal is SSB, the specific signal may include specific RS (SS, PSS / SSS) and specific information (MIB, PBCH).

[0088] ◆Specific information may be information obtained from a specific signal, or information transmitted / carried by a specific signal. Specific information for a cell may refer to information necessary for a UE to connect to / access that cell. In this disclosure, specific information, broadcast information, SI, SIB1, SIBa (where a is an integer of 2 or more), MIB [carried by SSB / PBCH], PDCCH [monitored in a common search space (search space #0) / common CORESET (CORESET #0), or monitored in a UE-specific CORESET / UE-specific search space], PDSCH [scheduling the SI], and PDSCH [carrying the SI] may be interchangeable.

[0089] ◆Specific RS may refer to an RS that a UE needs to receive in order to connect to a specific cell. A specific RS for a cell may refer to an RS that a UE needs to connect to / access that cell. In this disclosure, specific RS, synchronization signal (SS), primary synchronization signal (PSS), secondary synchronization signal (SSS), and CSI-RS may be interchangeable.

[0090] ◆Specific signal settings may refer to settings for receiving a specific signal. Specific signal settings for a cell may refer to settings for receiving a specific signal for that cell [in that cell]. Specific signal settings may indicate resources / transmission cycle / occasion / timing / time [position / offset] / [center] frequency [position / offset] / synchronous raster for monitoring a specific signal.

[0091] ◆NES [State] may refer to the following: the transmission / resource frequency (density) of a specific signal in a cell to which NES is applied is lower than the transmission / resource frequency (density) of a specific signal in other cells (cells to which NES is not applied); a specific signal is not transmitted in a cell to which NES is applied; the transmission frequency / resources of a specific signal in a cell to which NES is applied are reduced [compared to the transmission frequency / resources of a specific signal in other cells]; or the power consumption of the NW / UE in a cell to which NES is applied is reduced. In this disclosure, specific cell, NES cell, cell to which NES is applied, cell to which NES is to be implemented, power reduction cell, band to which NES is applied, band containing an NES cell, and NES band may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, non-NES cell, cell other than an NES cell, cell to which NES is not applied, band to which NES is not applied, band containing a non-NES cell, and non-NES band may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0092] ◆The specific cell may refer to an NES cell to which an idle UE intends to connect. In this disclosure, the first cell, specific cell, and NES cell may be interchangeable. In this disclosure, the second cell, a cell other than the specific cell, another cell, and a non-NES cell may be interchangeable. The second cell may refer to a cell that transmits either a specific signal for the specific cell or a specific signal setting for the specific cell. The object of reception in the second cell may be either a specific signal for the first cell or a specific signal setting for the first cell. In an idle state, the UE may receive in the second cell either a specific signal for the first cell (a specific signal for connecting to the first cell) or a specific signal setting for the first cell (a specific signal setting for receiving that specific signal). The [NES / non-NES] cell in this disclosure may use a carrier (and the band containing that carrier) similar to the existing specification, or it may use the first / second / third carrier (and the band containing that carrier) described above.

[0093] ◆The sync raster may be one or more frequency locations from which a specific RS can be transmitted. The sync raster may be specified in the specification, or the interval between its frequencies may be specified in the specification. It may be required that the UE attempt to receive a specific RS on the sync raster.

[0094] ◆SIB1 may refer to SI / broadcast information containing information necessary for a UE to connect to a specific cell. In this disclosure, SIB1, SSB, and PSS / SSS / MIB may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0095] ◆SIBa (where a is an integer greater than or equal to 2) may refer to SI / broadcast information that includes information necessary for a UE located in a specific cell to switch cells without explicit triggers from the NW, such as through idle mobility or cell selection / re-selection. Idle [state] mobility may refer to [cell re-selection] mobility in the idle / inactive state.

[0096] ◆ "Camp" may also refer to the UE recognizing which cell it is under the control of, and recognizing that cell as the cell to connect to when transitioning to a connected state, such as when monitoring to receive paging or when communication is required within that cell.

[0097] ◆The connected state (for example, the RRC connected state) may refer to a state in which the NW / RAN recognizes the location status of the UE and can perform arbitrary signaling to the UE.

[0098] ◆An idle state (for example, an RRC idle state) may refer to a state in which the NW / RAN is unable to recognize the location status of a UE and is unable to perform arbitrary signaling, or it may include an RRC inactive state.

[0099] ◆Overlay may also refer to a situation where multiple cells that share at least part of their coverage / area (i.e., overlapping coverage / areas) use different frequencies / carriers / bands from each other.

[0100] <Solution> Two approaches can be considered to maintain communication performance while reducing specific signals: ◆ Approach 1: Reduce at least one of the following: the transmission frequency of specific signals and the search space / resources used for monitoring specific signals. ◆ Approach 2: Use perch carriers and anchor carriers to concentrate specific signals on perch carriers.

[0101] According to a solution primarily based on Approach 1, communication performance can be maintained by reducing specific signals in a specific cell while another cell / carrier transmits signals related to those specific signals. This solution is based on one of the following multiple solutions x.

[0102] ◆Solution 1 In a specific cell, a specific signal does not need to be transmitted. This solution may be based on at least one of the following multiple solutions 1-x. —◆Solution 1-a: SIB1 is not transmitted in a specific cell. —◆Solution 1-b: SIBa is not transmitted in a specific cell.

[0103] ◆Solution 2 The frequency / resources of transmitting a specific signal in a specific cell may be reduced [compared to the frequency / resources of transmission in existing specification cells / non-NES cells]. This solution may be based on at least one of the following multiple solutions 2-x: —◆Solution 2-a: The frequency of SIB1 transmission in a specific cell is reduced [compared to the frequency of SIB1 transmission in existing specification cells / non-NES cells]. —◆Solution 2-b: The frequency of SIBa transmission in a specific cell is reduced [compared to the frequency of SIBa transmission in existing specification cells / non-NES cells]. —◆Solution 2-c: The frequency of a specific RS in a specific cell is reduced [compared to the frequency of a specific RS transmission in existing specification cells / non-NES cells]. —◆Solution 2-d: The synchronous raster used for searching / transmitting the [actual] specific signal in a specific cell is reduced [compared to the synchronous raster in existing specification cells / non-NES cells]. Solution 2-d may be based on at least one of the following multiple solutions 2-d-x: --◆Solution 2-d-1: The number of synchronous rasters in a particular cell is reduced in the specification [compared to the number of synchronous rasters in existing specification cells / non-NES cells], assuming that the UE can search all of the specified synchronous rasters. --◆Solution 2-d-2: A synchronous raster is specified in a particular cell, and for each specific UE operation, the synchronous raster used for searching / transmitting [a particular signal] is made mandatory or restricted. The specific UE operation may include, for example, initial access / cell selection / cell reselection. This may reduce the number of synchronous rasters used for searching / transmitting [the actual] particular signal [compared to the number of synchronous rasters in existing specification cells / non-NES cells]. --◆Solution 2-d-3: In a particular cell, a synchronous raster is specified for each specific UE operation. The specific UE operation may include, for example, initial access / cell selection / cell reselection. This may reduce the number of synchronous rasters used for searching / transmitting specific signals [compared to the synchronous rasters in existing specification cells / non-NES cells].

[0104] In Solution 1 (where a specific cell does not transmit a specific signal), other cells may transmit / notify the UE of the specific signal for that cell on its behalf.

[0105] Solution 2 (reducing the frequency / resources required for transmitting a specific signal in a specific cell) may be implemented based on one of the following multiple implementation methods y: —◆Implementation method i: The period / transmission time interval of the specific signal may be increased in a specific cell, and the specific signal may be transmitted in other cells. Alternatively, a synchronous raster may not be specified in the specification in a specific cell (and not used for searching / transmitting the specific signal), while a synchronous raster may be specified in the specification in other cells (and may be used for searching / transmitting the specific signal). —◆Implementation method ii: The specific signal may not be transmitted periodically in a specific cell, and may be transmitted only when necessary (as requested by the UE). Alternatively, a synchronous raster (e.g., multiple frequency positions) may not be specified in the specification in a specific cell (and not used for searching / transmitting the specific signal), and the specific signal may be transmitted on a specific frequency (e.g., one frequency position) only when necessary (as requested by the UE).

[0106] When a cell other than a specific cell notifies / transmits information transmitted / carried by a specific signal (specific information), the specific information may be notified by the RRC layer / MAC layer / physical (PHY) layer / SI. Notification of specific information may be based on a [transmit] request from the UE to the NW, or it may be triggered by the NW. Notification of specific information may be transmitted individually to the UE / unicast, or broadcast / multicast.

[0107] <Scenario> Each solution and embodiment is described using the following example scenario which includes multiple states x: ◆ Cells A through D exist. Cells A and B are overlaid. Cells C and D are overlaid. ◆ The UE resides in cell A in the connected state (e.g., RRC_CONNECTED) (State 1, Figure 2), then resides in cell B, and transitions to the idle state (e.g., RRC_IDLE) (State 2, Figure 3). ◆ Subsequently, the UE moves and resides in cell C, which is overlaid on cell D (State 3, Figure 4). ◆ Subsequently, the UE attempts to transition to the connected state in cell C in order to communicate (State 4, Figure 5). Hereafter, this operation may be referred to as "connecting to cell C". ◆ Cells B and C are in the NES state.

[0108] Each embodiment may apply, for example, when a UE is located in cell C and then further located in another cell E [not overlaid on cell A] and attempts to establish a connection. In this disclosure, specific cells, cell C, and cell E may be interpreted as one another. At least a portion of the coverage / area of ​​cell C / cell E may overlap with the coverage / area of ​​cell B / cell D. The coverage / area of ​​cell C / cell E may not overlap with the coverage / area of ​​cell A. At least a portion of the coverage / area of ​​cell D may overlap with the coverage / area of ​​cell A / cell B / cell C.

[0109] Cell A / Cell B may be cells that were previously connected to a UE. Cell A may be a non-NES cell that was previously connected to a UE. Cell B may be a non-NES cell that was previously connected to a UE. Cell C / Cell E may be a cell (specific cell) that an idle UE is trying to connect to. Cell D may be a non-NES cell that is overlaid on a specific cell.

[0110] Multiple UE operations / NW operations in one or more embodiments may be combined.

[0111] Communication performance may be maintained by reducing specific signals in a specific carrier (specific cell) while transmitting information on another carrier, based on at least one of the following multiple embodiments x.

[0112] <Embodiment 1> This embodiment relates to Solution 1.

[0113] <<UE Action 1>> A UE action may be based on at least one of the following multiple UE actions 1-x.

[0114] ◆UE Operation 1-1 When Solution 1-a / Solution 1-b is applied to cell C, the UE may receive a specific signal for cell C in another cell (a specific cell / a cell other than cell C) instead of cell C. This UE operation may be based on at least one of the following multiple UE operations 1-1-x. —◆UE Operation 1-1-1: The UE may receive a specific signal for cell C in cell B [overlaid on cell A]. —◆UE Operation 1-1-2: The UE may receive specific information for cell C in cell A [not overlaid on cell C] and retain that specific information. The retention time may be specified / instructed from cell A as a timer, specified in the specifications as a timer, or specified / instructed from cell A as a condition associated with the cell in which it resides. The condition may be, for example, to retain the specific information while in cell C and discard the specific information when in cell D [overlaid on cell C]. ―◆UE Operation 1-1-3: The UE may, after receiving a specific signal for cell C in cell D [which is overlaid on cell C], connect to cell C. This operation corresponds to Approach 2.

[0115] <<Network Operation 1>> The network operation may be based on at least one of the following multiple network operations 1-x.

[0116] ◆NW Operation 1-1 If Solution 1-a / Solution 1-b is applied to Cell C, other cells may transmit a specific signal for Cell C on behalf of Cell C. This NW operation may be based on at least one of the following multiple NW operations 1-1-x: —◆NW Operation 1-1-1: Cell B [overlaid on Cell A] may transmit a specific signal for Cell C. —◆NW Operation 1-1-2: Cell A [not overlaid on Cell C] transmits at least one piece of information: specific information for Cell B which is overlaid on Cell A, and specific information for an adjacent cell which is not overlaid on Cell A but may be a destination for idle mobility transitions, and this information may include specific information for Cell C. Cell A may transmit information about its adjacent cells (adjacent cell information for Cell A). If one or more adjacent cells of Cell A include Cell C, the adjacent cell information for Cell A may include specific information for Cell C. If one or more adjacent cells of cell A contain cell B, and one or more adjacent cells of cell B contain cell C, then the adjacent cell information of cell A may include information about the adjacent cells of cell B (adjacent cell information of cell B), and the adjacent cell information of cell B may include specific information for cell C. —◆NW operation 1-1-3: Cell D [overlaid on cell C] may transmit a specific signal for cell C. This operation corresponds to approach 2.

[0117] When the aforementioned implementation method i is applied, in UE operation 1 and NW operation 1, the UE may receive specific information broadcast from the NW. When the aforementioned implementation method ii is applied, in UE operation 1 and NW operation 1, the UE may receive specific information broadcast from the NW or transmitted individually to the UE based on a request from the UE.

[0118] According to Embodiment 1, the power consumption of a specific cell can be reduced, and a decrease in communication performance can be prevented by other cells transmitting specific signals for that specific cell.

[0119] <Embodiment 2> This embodiment relates to Solution 2.

[0120] Solution 2 may also be based on the following UE operation 2 and NW operation 2.

[0121] <<UE Action 2>> A UE action may be based on at least one of the following multiple UE actions 2-x.

[0122] ◆UE Operation 2-1 When Solution 2-a / Solution 2-b / Solution 2-c is applied to cell C, the UE may receive a setting for receiving a specific signal for cell C (specific signal setting for cell C) in another cell instead of cell C. The specific signal setting may, for example, indicate at least one of the transmission period and transmission resource block (RB) of the specific signal. This UE operation may be based on at least one of the following multiple UE operations 2-1-x: —◆UE Operation 2-1-1: After receiving a specific signal setting for cell C in another cell, the UE may receive a specific signal for cell C in cell C based on that specific signal setting. —◆UE Operation 2-1-2: The UE may receive a specific signal setting for cell C in cell B [overlaid on cell A]. —◆UE Operation 2-1-3: The UE may receive a specific signal setting for cell C in cell A [not overlaid on cell C] and retain that specific signal setting. The holding time may be specified / instructed from cell A as a timer, defined in the specifications as a timer, or specified / instructed from cell A as a condition associated with the cell in which the cell is located. The condition may be, for example, to hold a specific signal setting while in cell C, and discard that specific signal setting when in cell D [overlaid on cell C]. —◆UE operation 2-1-4: The UE may, once in cell D [overlaid on cell C], receive a specific signal setting for cell C and then connect to cell C. This operation corresponds to approach 2.

[0123] <<Network Operation 2>> The network operation may be based on at least one of the following multiple network operations 2-x.

[0124] ◆NW Operation 2-1 When Solution 2-a / Solution 2-b / Solution 2-c is applied to Cell C, the NW may set the transmission period of the specific signal in Cell C to a value longer than the default value specified in the specifications. Alternatively, Cell C may not transmit the specific signal until requested by the UE.

[0125] ◆NW Operation 2-2 When Solution 2-c is applied to cell C, the specific signal setting for cell C may include information regarding MIB in cell C. This information may, for example, indicate the transmission period of MIB in cell C.

[0126] ◆NW Operation 2-3 When Solution 2-d is applied to cell C, the specific signal setting for cell C may include information about the synchronization raster in cell C. This information may, for example, indicate the center frequency of a specific RS in cell C.

[0127] ◆Network Operation 2-4 Cell B [overlaid on Cell A] may transmit a specific signal setting for Cell C.

[0128] ◆NW Operation 2-5 Cell A, which is not overlaid on Cell C, transmits at least one piece of information: a specific signal setting for Cell B, which is overlaid on Cell A, and a specific signal setting for an adjacent cell that is not overlaid on Cell A but can be a transition destination for idle mobility, and this information may include a specific signal setting for Cell C. Cell A may also transmit information about its adjacent cells (adjacent cell information for Cell A). If one or more adjacent cells of Cell A include Cell C, the adjacent cell information for Cell A may include a specific signal setting for Cell C. If one or more adjacent cells of Cell A include Cell B, and one or more adjacent cells of Cell B include Cell C, the adjacent cell information for Cell A may include information about Cell B's adjacent cells (adjacent cell information for Cell B), and the adjacent cell information for Cell B may include a specific signal setting for Cell C.

[0129] ◆NW Operation 2-6 Cell D [overlaid on Cell C] may transmit a specific signal setting for Cell C. This operation corresponds to Approach 2.

[0130] When the aforementioned implementation method i is applied, in UE operation 2 and NW operation 2, the UE may receive a specific signal setting broadcast from the NW. When the aforementioned implementation method ii is applied, in UE operation 1 and NW operation 1, the UE may receive a specific signal setting broadcast from the NW or transmitted individually to the UE based on a request from the UE.

[0131] Solution 2-d may also be based on the following UE operation 2 and NW operation 2.

[0132] <<UE Action 2-d>> The UE action may be based on at least one of the following multiple UE actions 2-d-x.

[0133] ◆UE Operation 2-d-1 A synchronous raster [for cell selection] for NES cells does not need to be defined. The UE may perform cell selection only from non-NES cells (or non-NES bands) for which a synchronous raster is defined.

[0134] ◆UE Operation 2-d-2 The UE may connect to a non-NES cell (or non-NES band). Alternatively, if cell re-selection is instructed for a cell selected by cell selection, the UE may perform cell re-selection.

[0135] ◆UE Operation 2-d-3 After cell selection / re-selection in UE Operation 2-d-1 / UE Operation 2-d-2, the UE may connect to the selected cell or remain within its area.

[0136] <<Network Operation 2-d>> The network operation may be based on at least one of the following multiple network operations 2-d-x.

[0137] ◆NW Operation 2-d-1 When NW sets a cell as an NES cell, even if that cell is within the band in which the synchronous raster is defined, NW may use (or consider) that cell as a cell that is not selected in initial access / cell selection, or may exclude that cell from the [candidate] cells that can be selected in initial access / cell selection.

[0138] ◆Network Operation 2-d-2 If the network does not want to connect UEs to non-NES cells that may be selected during initial access / cell selection (for example, if it wants to distribute the load of non-NES cells to NES cells), it may add information (e.g., 1 bit / flag) to the SIB1 of the non-NES cell to instruct cell reselection and transmit the SIB1.

[0139] According to Embodiment 2, the power consumption of a specific cell can be reduced, and a decrease in communication performance can be prevented by other cells transmitting specific signal settings for that specific cell.

[0140] <Representative Example 1> This representative example relates to Solution 1-a / Embodiment 1. This representative example may also be based on the following UE Operation Example 1 and NW Operation Example 1.

[0141] <<UE Operation Example 1>> UE Operation Example 1 may be based on at least one of the following multiple UE Operation Examples 1-x.

[0142] ◆UE Operation Example 1-1 In cell reselection, the UE may receive SIB1 for cell C in cell A / cell B / cell D and connect to cell C based on that SIB1.

[0143] ◆UE Operation Example 1-2: During initial access / cell selection, the UE does not need to connect to cell C.

[0144] ◆UE Operation Example 1-3 In UE Operation Example 1-1, when UE receives an SIB1 for cell C in cell A, it may retain specific information within the SIB1 after receiving it. When UE receives the SIB1 in cell A, it may also receive information regarding the time / period for which it retains that specific information.

[0145] ◆UE Operation Example 1-4 In UE Operation Example 1-1, the UE may receive SIB1 for cell C in cell B.

[0146] ◆UE Operation Example 1-5 In UE Operation Example 1-1, the UE may once receive SIB1 for cell C in cell D, and then perform cell reselection. In this case, the UE may once become connected to cell D and receive information for cell reselection from RRC / MAC / PHY signaling, or it may receive information for cell reselection from broadcast information in cell D without becoming connected to cell D.

[0147] <<Network Operation Example 1>> Network Operation Example 1 may be based on at least one of the following multiple Network Operation Examples 1-x.

[0148] ◆Network operation example 1-1 The NES cell (cell B / cell C) does not need to send SIB1.

[0149] ◆Network Operation Example 1-2 A non-NES cell (Cell A / Cell D) may send an SIB1 for an NES cell (Cell B / Cell C).

[0150] ◆Network Operation Example 1-3 In Network Operation Example 1-2, when cell A transmits an SIB1 for NES cells (cell B / cell C), cell A may transmit not only an SIB1 for the NES cell (cell B) that is overlaid on itself (cell A), but also an SIB1 for the adjacent cells (adjacent NES cells, cell C), on behalf of those NES cells (cell B / cell C).

[0151] ◆Network Operation Example 1-4 In Network Operation Example 1-2, when cell D transmits an SIB1 for an NES cell (cell B / cell C), cell D may transmit only the SIB1 for the NES cell (cell C) that is overlaid on itself (cell D), instead of the NES cell (cell C).

[0152] In UE operation example 1 and NE operation example 1, for NES cells that cannot be used for initial access / cell selection, a synchronized raster does not need to be specified in the specification for the unit containing that cell (e.g., band unit). In this case, the UE does not need to perform a [cell] search for that band during initial access / cell selection.

[0153] If a non-NES cell (cell A / cell D) sends SIB1 for cell C instead, the UE may request SIB1 for cell C from cells A / cell B / cell D, and the NW may send SIB1 for cell C to the UE in accordance with that request from cells A / cell B / cell D.

[0154] <Representative Example 2> This representative example relates to Solution 2-a (Implementation Method i / Implementation Method ii) / Embodiment 2. This representative example may also be based on the following UE Operation Example 2 and NW Operation Example 2.

[0155] <<UE Operation Example 2>> UE Operation Example 2 may be based on at least one of the following UE Operation Example 2-x. The specific signal setting for cell C may include setting the transmission period of SIB1 in cell C. The default value of the transmission period of SIB1 in cell C may be specified in the specifications.

[0156] ◆UE Operation Example 2-1 In cell reselection, the UE may receive specific signal settings for cell C in cell A / cell B / cell D, receive SIB1 in cell C based on those specific signal settings, and connect to cell C based on SIB1.

[0157] ◆UE Operation Example 2-2 During initial access / cell selection, the UE may attempt to receive the SIB1 of cell C based on the default value of the transmission period of the SIB1 of cell C, [similar to the existing specifications], and if the SIB1 is successfully received, it may connect to cell C based on that SIB1.

[0158] ◆UE Operation Example 2-3 In UE Operation Example 2-1, if the UE receives a specific signal setting for cell C in cell A, it may retain that specific signal setting after receiving it. When the UE receives the specific signal setting in cell A, it may also receive information regarding the time / period for which it will retain that specific signal setting.

[0159] ◆UE Operation Example 2-4 In UE Operation Example 2-1, the UE may receive a specific signal setting for cell C in cell B.

[0160] ◆UE Operation Example 2-5 In UE Operation Example 2-1, the UE may first receive a specific signal setting for cell C in cell D, and then perform cell reselection. In this case, the UE may first become connected to cell D and receive information for cell reselection from RRC / MAC / PHY signaling, or it may receive information for cell reselection from broadcast information in cell D without becoming connected to cell D.

[0161] <<Network Operation Example 2>> Network operation example 2 may be based on at least one of the following multiple network operation examples 2-x. The specific signal setting for the NES cell may include setting the transmission period of SIB1 in the NES cell.

[0162] ◆Network Operation Example 2-1 The network may set the transmission period of SIB1 in the NES cell (cell B / cell C) to a value longer than the default value specified in the specifications.

[0163] ◆Network Operation Example 2-2 A non-NES cell (Cell A / Cell D) may transmit a specific signal setting for an NES cell (Cell B / Cell C).

[0164] ◆Network Operation Example 2-3 In Network Operation Example 2-2, when cell A transmits a specific signal setting for an NES cell (cell B / cell C), cell A may transmit not only the specific signal setting for the NES cell (cell B) that is overlaid on itself (cell A), but also the specific signal setting for the adjacent cell (adjacent NES cell, cell C), on behalf of those NES cells (cell B / cell C).

[0165] ◆Network Operation Example 2-4 In Network Operation Example 2-2, when cell D transmits a specific signal setting for an NES cell (cell B / cell C), cell D may transmit only the specific signal setting for the NES cell (cell C) that is overlaid on itself (cell D), instead of the NES cell (cell C).

[0166] In UE operation example 2 and NE operation example 2, for NES cells that may not be used for initial access / cell selection, the synchronization raster does not need to be specified in the specification for the unit containing that cell (e.g., band unit). In this case, the UE does not need to perform a [cell] search for that band during initial access / cell selection.

[0167] If a non-NES cell (cell A / cell D) transmits a specific signal setting / SIB1 for cell C instead, the UE may request the specific signal setting / SIB1 for cell C from cells A / cell B / cell D, and the NW may, in accordance with that request, transmit the specific signal setting for cell C to the UE from cells A / cell B / cell D, or, in accordance with that request, transmit SIB1 to the UE from cell C.

[0168] <Representative Example 3> This representative example relates to Solution 2-c (Implementation Method i / Implementation Method ii) / Embodiment 2. This representative example may also be based on the following UE Operation Example 3 and NW Operation Example 3.

[0169] <<UE Operation Example 3>> UE Operation Example 3 may be based on at least one of the following UE Operation Example 3-x. The specific signal setting for the NES cell (cell B / cell C) may include setting the transmission period of the SSB in the NES cell. The default value of the transmission period of the SSB in the NES cell may be specified in the specification. The SSB may be a specific RS and MIB. The specific RS may be an SS (PSS / SSS).

[0170] ◆UE Operation Example 3-1 In cell reselection, the UE may receive specific signal settings for cell C in cell A / cell B / cell D, receive an SSB in cell C based on those specific signal settings, and connect to cell C based on its SIB1.

[0171] ◆UE Operation Example 3-2 During initial access / cell selection, the UE may attempt to receive the SSB of cell C based on the default value of the SSB transmission cycle, [similar to the existing specifications], and if the SSB is successfully received, it may connect to cell C based on that SSB.

[0172] ◆UE Operation Example 3-3 In UE Operation Example 3-1, if the UE receives a specific signal setting for cell C in cell A, it may retain that specific signal setting after receiving it. When the UE receives the specific signal setting in cell A, it may also receive information regarding the time / period for which it will retain that specific signal setting.

[0173] ◆UE Operation Example 3-4 In UE Operation Example 3-1, the UE may receive a specific signal setting for cell C in cell B.

[0174] ◆UE Operation Example 3-5 In UE Operation Example 3-1, the UE may first receive a specific signal setting for cell C in cell D, and then perform cell reselection. In this case, the UE may first become connected to cell D and receive information for cell reselection from RRC / MAC / PHY signaling, or it may receive information for cell reselection from broadcast information in cell D without becoming connected to cell D.

[0175] <<Network Operation Example 3>> Network operation example 3 may be based on at least one of the following multiple network operation examples 3-x. The specific signal setting for the NES cell (cell B / cell C) may include setting the transmission period of the SSB in the NES cell. The SSB may be a specific RS and MIB. The specific RS may be an SS (PSS / SSS).

[0176] ◆Network Operation Example 3-1 The network may set the SSB transmission period in the NES cell (cell B / cell C) to a value longer than the default value specified in the specifications.

[0177] ◆Network Operation Example 3-2 A non-NES cell (Cell A / Cell D) may transmit specific signal settings for an NES cell (Cell B / Cell C).

[0178] ◆NW Operation Example 3-2a If the synchronization raster for cell C (or the band to which cell C belongs) is not specified, the specific signal setting for cell C may include the center frequency of the SSB.

[0179] ◆Network Operation Example 3-3 In Network Operation Example 3-2, when cell A transmits a specific signal setting for an NES cell (cell B / cell C), cell A may transmit not only the specific signal setting for the NES cell (cell B) that is overlaid on itself (cell A), but also the specific signal setting for the adjacent cell (adjacent NES cell, cell C), on behalf of those NES cells (cell B / cell C).

[0180] ◆Network Operation Example 3-4 In Network Operation Example 3-2, when cell D transmits a specific signal setting for an NES cell (cell B / cell C), cell D may transmit only the specific signal setting for the NES cell (cell C) that is overlaid on itself (cell D), instead of the NES cell (cell C).

[0181] In UE operation example 3 and NE operation example 3, for NES cells that may not be used for initial access / cell selection, the synchronization raster does not need to be specified in the specification for the unit containing that cell (e.g., band unit). In this case, the UE does not need to perform a [cell] search for that band during initial access / cell selection.

[0182] If a non-NES cell (cell A / cell D) transmits a specific signal setting / SSB for cell C on its behalf, the UE may request the specific signal setting / SSB for cell C from cells A / cell B / cell D, and the NW may, in accordance with that request, transmit the specific signal setting for cell C to the UE from cells A / cell B / cell D, or, in accordance with that request, transmit the SSB to the UE from cell C.

[0183] <Representative Example 3r> This representative example relates to Solution 2-c (Implementation Method i / Implementation Method ii) / Embodiment 2. This representative example may be based on the following UE Operation Example 3r and NW Operation Example 3r.

[0184] <<UE Operation Example 3r>> UE Operation Example 3r may be based on at least one of the following multiple UE Operation Examples 3r-x. The specific signal setting for the NES cell (cell B / cell C) may include setting the transmission period of SS (PSS / SSS) / MIB in the NES cell. The default value of the transmission period of SS / MIB in the NES cell may be specified in the specifications.

[0185] ◆UE Operation Example 3r-1 In cell reselection, the UE may receive specific signal settings for cell C in cell A / cell B / cell D, receive SS / MIB in cell C based on those specific signal settings, and connect to cell C based on its SIB1.

[0186] ◆UE Operation Example 3r-2 During initial access / cell selection, the UE may attempt to receive the SS / MIB of cell C based on the default value of the transmission period of the SS / MIB of cell C, [similar to the existing specifications], and if the SS / MIB is successfully received, it may connect to cell C based on that SS / MIB.

[0187] ◆UE Operation Example 3r-3 In UE Operation Example 3r-1, if the UE receives a specific signal setting for cell C in cell A, it may retain that specific signal setting after receiving it. When the UE receives the specific signal setting in cell A, it may also receive information regarding the time / period for which it will retain that specific signal setting.

[0188] ◆UE Operation Example 3r-4 In UE Operation Example 3r-1, the UE may receive a specific signal setting for cell C in cell B.

[0189] ◆UE Operation Example 3r-5 In UE Operation Example 3r-1, the UE may once receive a specific signal setting for cell C in cell D, and then perform cell reselection. In this case, the UE may once become connected to cell D and receive information for cell reselection from RRC / MAC / PHY signaling, or it may receive information for cell reselection from broadcast information in cell D without becoming connected to cell D.

[0190] <<Network Operation Example 3r>> Network operation example 3r may be based on at least one of the following multiple network operation examples 3r-x. The specific signal setting for the NES cell (cell B / cell C) may include setting the transmission period of SS (or specific RS) in the NES cell and setting the transmission period of MIB (or broadcast information) in the NES cell.

[0191] ◆NW Operation Example 3r-1 The NW may set the transmission period of the SS in the NES cell (cell B / cell C) to a value longer than the default value specified in the specifications.

[0192] ◆NW Operation Example 3r-1a The NW may set the MIB transmission period in the NES cell (cell B / cell C) to a value longer than the default value specified in the specifications.

[0193] ◆Network operation example 3r-2 A non-NES cell (cell A / cell D) may transmit a specific signal setting for an NES cell (cell B / cell C).

[0194] ◆NW Operation Example 3r-2a If the synchronization raster for cell C (or the band to which cell C belongs) is not specified, the specific signal setting for cell C may include the center frequency of the SS / MIB.

[0195] ◆Network Operation Example 3r-3 In Network Operation Example 3r-2, when cell A transmits a specific signal setting for an NES cell (cell B / cell C), cell A may transmit not only the specific signal setting for the NES cell (cell B) that is overlaid on itself (cell A), but also the specific signal setting for the adjacent cell (adjacent NES cell, cell C), on behalf of those NES cells (cell B / cell C).

[0196] ◆Network Operation Example 3r-4 In Network Operation Example 3r-2, when cell D transmits a specific signal setting for an NES cell (cell B / cell C), cell D may transmit only the specific signal setting for the NES cell (cell C) that is overlaid on itself (cell D), instead of the NES cell (cell C).

[0197] In UE operation example 3r and NE operation example 3r, for NES cells that may not be used for initial access / cell selection, the synchronization raster does not need to be specified in the specification for the unit containing that cell (e.g., band unit). In this case, the UE does not need to perform a [cell] search for that band during initial access / cell selection.

[0198] If a non-NES cell (cell A / cell D) transmits a specific signal setting / SS / MIB for cell C instead, the UE may request the specific signal setting / SS / MIB for cell C from cells A / cell B / cell D, and the NW may, in accordance with that request, transmit the specific signal setting for cell C to the UE from cells A / cell B / cell D, or, in accordance with that request, transmit the SS / MIB to the UE from cell C.

[0199] <Supplement> <<Notification of Information to UE>> In the embodiments described above, notification of any information from the Network (NW) (e.g., Base Station (BS)) to the UE (in other words, reception of any information from the BS at the UE) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE, RRC messages, LTE positioning protocol (LPP) messages), specific signals / channels (e.g., DCI, PDCCH, PDSCH, reference signals), or a combination thereof.

[0200] When the above notification is made by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by the inclusion of a new Logical Channel ID (LCID) not defined in existing standards in the MAC subheader. The MAC CE may be an extension of an existing MAC CE. For example, the MAC CE may introduce a new octet into an existing MAC CE.

[0201] If the above notification is made by DCI, the notification may be made by a specific field of the DCI, a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) used to scramble the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits assigned to the DCI, or the format of the DCI. The specific field may be an existing DCI field or a new DCI field. The RNTI may be an existing RNTI or a new RNTI. The format of the DCI may be an existing DCI format or a new DCI format.

[0202] Furthermore, notification of any information to the UE in the above-described embodiment may be periodic, semi-persistent (triggered by the UE or gNB), or aperiodic (triggered by the UE or gNB).

[0203] In the embodiments described above, the UE may receive at least one piece of information (QCL information) from the NW from among several of the following QCL rules / QCL types: ◆ QCL type A (Doppler shift, Doppler spread, mean delay, and delay spread) ◆ QCL type B (Doppler shift and Doppler spread) ◆ QCL type C (Doppler shift and mean delay) ◆ QCL type D (spatial reception parameters)

[0204] In the embodiments described above, the QCL source RS for each QCL type may be at least one of the following RSs: ◆SSB ◆CSI-RS with / without repetition ◆TRS ◆DMRS for PDCCH / PDSCH

[0205] In the embodiments described above, information from the network may be set / instructed by the following methods: ◆ Common to multiple UEs, or individual to a UE ◆ Cell-specific, or common to multiple cells ◆ Per UE / Per CC / Per BWP / Per band / Per cell / Per cell group (CG)

[0206] <<Notification of Information from UE>> Notification of any information from the UE to the NW in the embodiments described above (in other words, transmission / reporting of any information from the UE to the BS) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE, RRC messages, LPP messages), specific signals / channels (e.g., UCI, PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, reference signals), or a combination thereof.

[0207] When the above notification is made by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by the inclusion of a new LCID not specified in existing standards in the MAC subheader. The MAC CE may be an extension of an existing MAC CE. For example, the MAC CE may introduce a new octet into an existing MAC CE.

[0208] If the above notice is made by the UCI, the notice may be transmitted using PUCCH or PUSCH.

[0209] Furthermore, the notification of any information from the UE in the above-described embodiments may be periodic, semi-persistent (triggered by the UE or gNB), or aperiodic (triggered by the UE or gNB).

[0210] <<Regarding the application of each embodiment>> In UE / BS, specific (one or more) processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information for at least one of the embodiments described above may be applied (or used) if any or more of the following conditions are met: ◆ A higher-layer parameter indicating the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is set; ◆ The specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is determined based on the relevant higher-layer parameter; ◆ The specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is designated / activated / triggered by MAC CE / DCI / UCI / Resource / Channel / RS; ◆ A specific UE capability indicating (or related to) the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is reported or supported; ◆ The application of the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is determined based on specific conditions.

[0211] The above-mentioned specific UE capabilities may represent at least one of the following: ◆ Supporting the above-mentioned specific processing / operation / control / assumption / information; ◆ The capability of each embodiment; ◆ The capability of each option in each embodiment, or the capability of a combination of multiple options in each embodiment; ◆ The capability of each choice in each embodiment, or the capability of a combination of multiple choices in each embodiment.

[0212] Furthermore, the above-mentioned specific UE capability may be a capability that applies across all frequencies (commonly regardless of frequency), a capability per frequency (e.g., one or a combination thereof, such as cell, band, band combination, BWP, component carrier, etc.), a capability per frequency range (e.g., Frequency Range 1 (FR1), FR2, FR3, FR4, FR5, FR2-1, FR2-2), a capability per subcarrier spacing (SCS), a capability per feature set (FS) or feature set per component-carrier (FSPC), or a capability per functionality / model.

[0213] Furthermore, the specific UE capabilities described above may be capabilities that apply across all duplexing schemes (common to all duplexing schemes regardless of the duplexing scheme), or they may be capabilities specific to each duplexing scheme (e.g., Time Division Duplex (TDD), Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)).

[0214] If the above conditions are not met, UE / BS may follow the behavior specified in existing 3GPP releases.

[0215] Information regarding whether one or more of the above embodiments / options / choices / examples apply / are used, or which of the above embodiments / options / choices / examples apply / are used, may be based on several of the following methods: ◆ The information is set by one or more higher layer parameters / RRC IEs. ◆ The information is determined by one or more relevant higher layer parameters / RRC IEs. ◆ The information is indicated by MAC CE / DCI. ◆ The information is based on one or more UE capabilities. ◆ The information is described / defined in the specification. ◆ The information is based on conditions described / defined in the specification. ◆ The information is determined by a combination of several of the above methods. For example, the information is determined by the setting / indication of higher layer parameters / MAC CE / DCIs and reported by UE capabilities.

[0216] The above multiple embodiments / options / choices may be combined into a single embodiment / option / choice.

[0217] (Note) The following inventions are added with respect to one embodiment of the present disclosure. <Note 1> A terminal having: a receiving unit that receives in a second cell either a signal for connecting to a first cell or a setting for receiving the signal in an idle state; and a control unit that controls the connection based on the setting, wherein the frequency of the signal in the first cell is lower than the frequency of the signal in other cells. <Note 2> The terminal according to Note 1, wherein the signal is not transmitted in the first cell, and the setting is the signal. <Note 3> The terminal according to Note 1 or Note 2, wherein the signal is transmitted in the first cell, the setting is the setting, and the receiving unit receives the signal in the first cell based on the setting. <Note 4> The terminal according to any one of Notes 1 to 3, wherein the second cell is either a cell that was previously connected to the terminal or a cell that is overlaid on the first cell. <Supplement> The terminal may be a user terminal 20. The receiving unit may be a transmitting / receiving unit 220. The control unit may be a control unit 210. <Note A> A base station having: a transmitting unit that transmits to the second cell either a signal for connecting to the first cell or a setting for receiving the signal in an idle state; and a control unit that controls the connection based on the target, wherein the frequency of the signal in the first cell is lower than the frequency of the signal in other cells. <Supplement> The base station may be a base station 10. The transmitting unit may be a transmitting / receiving unit 120. The control unit may be a control unit 110.

[0218] (Wireless Communication System) The configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment of this disclosure will be described below. In this wireless communication system, communication is performed using any of the wireless communication methods according to the above embodiments of this disclosure, or a combination thereof.

[0219] Figure 6 shows an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment. The wireless communication system 1 (which may also be simply called system 1) may be a system that realizes communication using Long Term Evolution (LTE), 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio (5G NR), etc., as specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0220] Furthermore, the wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs) (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)). MR-DC may include dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), and the like.

[0221] In EN-DC, the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the Master Node (MN), and the NR base station (gNB) is the Secondary Node (SN). In NE-DC, the NR base station (gNB) is the MN, and the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the SN.

[0222] The wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (for example, dual connectivity where both MN and SN are NR base stations (gNB) (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC))).

[0223] The wireless communication system 1 may include a base station 11 that forms a macrocell C1 with relatively wide coverage, and base stations 12 (12a-12c) located within the macrocell C1 that form a small cell C2 that is narrower than the macrocell C1. User terminals 20 may be located within at least one cell. The arrangement, number, shape, size, etc., of each cell and user terminal 20 are not limited to the configuration shown in the figure. Hereinafter, when base stations 11 and 12 are not distinguished, they will be collectively referred to as base station 10.

[0224] The wireless communication system 1 may utilize Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO). For example, one cell may be formed by one antenna / base station 10, or by multiple antennas / base stations 10. One [virtual] cell (which may be called a supercell, for example) may be composed of multiple [virtual] cells (which may be called subcells, for example). A supercell may correspond to a cell with a fixed physical range, and a subcell may correspond to a cell whose physical range fluctuates quasi-statically / dynamically. In this case, the wireless communication system 1 may be called a cell-free system.

[0225] The user terminal 20 may be connected to at least one of the multiple base stations 10. The user terminal 20 may utilize at least one of Carrier Aggregation (CA) using multiple Component Carriers (CC) and Dual Connectivity (DC).

[0226] Each CC may be included in at least one of the first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and the second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)). A macrocell C1 may be included in FR1, and a small cell C2 may be included in FR2. For example, FR1 may be a frequency band of 6 GHz or less (sub-6 GHz), and FR2 may be a frequency band above 24 GHz. Note that the frequency bands and definitions of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to these, and for example, FR1 may be in a frequency band higher than FR2.

[0227] Furthermore, the user terminal 20 may communicate in each CC using at least one of Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD).

[0228] Multiple base stations 10 may be connected by wire (e.g., optical fiber compliant with Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), X2 / Xn interface, etc.) or wireless (e.g., NR communication). For example, when NR communication is used as a backhaul between base stations 11 and 12, base station 11, which is the upstream station, may be called an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) donor, and base station 12, which is the relay station, may be called an IAB node.

[0229] Base station 10 may be connected to the core network 30 via other base stations 10 or directly. The core network 30 may include at least one of the following: Evolved Packet Core (EPC), 5G Core Network (5GCN), Next Generation Core (NGC), etc.

[0230] The core network 30 may include network functions (NF) such as User Plane Function (UPF), Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), Session Management Function (SMF), Unified Data Management (UDM), Application Function (AF), Data Network (DN), Location Management Function (LMF), and Operation, Administration and Maintenance (Management) (OAM). Multiple functions may be provided by a single network node. Furthermore, communication with an external network (e.g., the Internet) may occur via the DN.

[0231] The user terminal 20 may be a terminal that supports at least one of the following communication methods: LTE, LTE-A, 5G, etc.

[0232] In the wireless communication system 1, an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based wireless access scheme may be used. For example, Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-OFDM), etc., may be used in at least one of the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL).

[0233] The wireless access method may also be called a waveform. In wireless communication system 1, other wireless access methods (for example, other single-carrier transmission methods, other multi-carrier transmission methods) may be used for the UL and DL wireless access methods.

[0234] In the wireless communication system 1, a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), a Broadcast Channel (PBCH), or a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) may be used as the downlink channel, which is shared by each user terminal 20.

[0235] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, the uplink channel may include a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH), a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH), or the like, all of which are shared by each user terminal 20.

[0236] User data, higher-layer control information, and System Information Blocks (SIBs) are transmitted via PDSCH. User data and higher-layer control information may also be transmitted via PUSCH. Furthermore, Master Information Blocks (MIBs) may be transmitted via PBCH.

[0237] Lower-layer control information may be transmitted by PDCCH. The lower-layer control information may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) which includes scheduling information for at least one of PDSCH and PUSCH.

[0238] Furthermore, the DCI that schedules PDSCH may be called DL assignment, DL DCI, etc., and the DCI that schedules PUSCH may be called UL grant, UL DCI, etc. Furthermore, PDSCH may be read as DL data, and PUSCH may be read as UL data.

[0239] PDCCH detection may utilize a Control Resource Set (CORESET) and a search space. A CORESET corresponds to the resources used to search for DCIs. A search space corresponds to the search area and search method for PDCCH candidates. A single CORESET may be associated with one or more search spaces. A UE may monitor CORESETs associated with a given search space based on the search space configuration.

[0240] A single search space may correspond to one or more PDCCH candidates corresponding to aggregation levels. One or more search spaces may be referred to as a search space set. In this disclosure, "search space," "search space set," "search space configuration," "search space set configuration," "CORESET," and "CORESET configuration" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0241] PUCCH may transmit uplink control information (UCI) including at least one of channel state information (CSI), delivery acknowledgment information (for example, Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ACKnowledgement (HARQ-ACK), ACK / NACK, etc.), and scheduling request (SR). PRACH may transmit a random access preamble for establishing a connection with the cell.

[0242] In this disclosure, downlinks, uplinks, etc., may be expressed without the prefix "link." Also, the prefix "physical" may be omitted from the names of various channels.

[0243] In the wireless communication system 1, a synchronization signal (SS), a downlink reference signal (DL-RS), etc., may be transmitted. In the wireless communication system 1, the DL-RS may include a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a positioning reference signal (PRS), a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS), etc.

[0244] The synchronization signal may be, for example, at least one of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS). A signal block including SS (PSS, SSS) and PBCH (and DMRS for PBCH) may be called an SS / PBCH block, SS Block (SSB), etc. Note that SS, SSB, etc. may also be called reference signals.

[0245] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, the uplink reference signal (UL-RS) may include a sounding reference signal (SRS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), etc. The DMRS may also be called a user-specific reference signal (UE-specific Reference Signal).

[0246] (Base Station) Figure 7 shows an example of the configuration of a base station according to one embodiment. The base station 10 includes a control unit 110, a transmitting / receiving unit 120, a transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and a transmission line interface 140. Note that one or more of the control unit 110, the transmitting / receiving unit 120, the transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and the transmission line interface 140 may be provided.

[0247] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of this embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the base station 10 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each part described below may be omitted.

[0248] The control unit 110 controls the entire base station 10. The control unit 110 can be composed of a controller, control circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the technical field related to this disclosure.

[0249] The control unit 110 may control signal generation, scheduling (e.g., resource allocation, mapping), etc. The control unit 110 may also control transmission and reception, measurement, etc., using the transmitting / receiving unit 120, transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and transmission path interface 140. The control unit 110 may generate data to be transmitted as signals, control information, sequences, etc., and transfer them to the transmitting / receiving unit 120. The control unit 110 may also perform call processing of communication channels (setting, releasing, etc.), status management of the base station 10, management of wireless resources, etc.

[0250] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may include a baseband unit 121, a radio frequency (RF) unit 122, and a measurement unit 123. The baseband unit 121 may include a transmission processing unit 1211 and a reception processing unit 1212. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 can be composed of a transmitter / receiver, RF circuit, baseband circuit, filter, phase shifter, measurement circuit, transmitting / receiving circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure.

[0251] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or it may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may consist of a transmitting processing unit 1211 and an RF unit 122. The receiving unit may consist of a receiving processing unit 1212, an RF unit 122 and a measuring unit 123.

[0252] The transmitting and receiving antenna 130 can be composed of an antenna described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure, such as an array antenna.

[0253] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may transmit the downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may also receive the uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0254] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may use digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like to form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam.

[0255] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform processing on data and control information acquired from the control unit 110, for example, at the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer (e.g., RLC retransmission control), and the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), to generate a bit sequence to be transmitted.

[0256] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform transmission processing on the bit sequence to be transmitted, such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, discrete Fourier transform (DFT) processing (if necessary), inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion, and output a baseband signal.

[0257] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc., of the baseband signal to the radio frequency band and transmit the signal in the radio frequency band via the transmitting / receiving antenna 130.

[0258] On the other hand, the transmitting / receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc., on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna 130.

[0259] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (receiving processing unit 1212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal to acquire user data, etc.

[0260] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (measurement unit 123) may perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 123 may perform Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements, Channel State Information (CSI) measurements, etc., based on the received signal. The measurement unit 123 may also measure received power (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), reception quality (e.g., Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)), signal strength (e.g., Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 110.

[0261] The transmission path interface 140 may send and receive signals (backhaul signaling) with devices included in the core network 30 (e.g., network nodes that provide NF), other base stations 10, etc., and may acquire and transmit user data (user plane data), control plane data, etc. for the user terminal 20.

[0262] In this disclosure, the transmitting and receiving units of the base station 10 may consist of at least one of a transmitting / receiving unit 120, a transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and a transmission path interface 140.

[0263] The base station 10 may be separated into three elements: a Radio Unit (RU), a Distributed Unit (DU), and a Central Unit (CU). For example, the RU may implement RF processing (digital beamforming, digital-to-analog conversion, analog beamforming, etc.) and lower-level physical layer functions (precoding, IFFT, FFT, etc.). The DU may implement higher-level physical layer functions (coding to resource element mapping, etc.), MAC layer functions, and RLC layer functions. The CU may implement PDCP layer, Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer, and RRC layer functions.

[0264] In this disclosure, base station 10 may include a single device that implements all the functions of RU, DU, and CU, or it may include multiple devices that each implement some of the functions of RU, DU, and CU and are connected to each other. In this disclosure, base station 10 may be interpreted as RU / DU / CU.

[0265] (User Terminal) Figure 8 shows an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to one embodiment. The user terminal 20 includes a control unit 210, a transmitting / receiving unit 220, and a transmitting / receiving antenna 230. Note that one or more of the control unit 210, the transmitting / receiving unit 220, and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230 may be provided.

[0266] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of this embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the user terminal 20 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each part described below may be omitted.

[0267] The control unit 210 controls the entire user terminal 20. The control unit 210 can be composed of a controller, control circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the technical field related to this disclosure.

[0268] The control unit 210 may control signal generation, mapping, etc. The control unit 210 may also control transmission and reception, measurement, etc., using the transmitting / receiving unit 220 and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230. The control unit 210 may generate data to be transmitted as signals, control information, sequences, etc., and transfer them to the transmitting / receiving unit 220.

[0269] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may include a baseband unit 221, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223. The baseband unit 221 may include a transmission processing unit 2211 and a reception processing unit 2212. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 can be composed of a transmitter / receiver, RF circuit, baseband circuit, filter, phase shifter, measurement circuit, transmitting / receiving circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure.

[0270] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or it may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may consist of a transmitting processing unit 2211 and an RF unit 222. The receiving unit may consist of a receiving processing unit 2212, an RF unit 222 and a measuring unit 223.

[0271] The transmitting and receiving antenna 230 can be composed of an antenna described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure, such as an array antenna.

[0272] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may receive the downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may also transmit the uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0273] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may use digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like to form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam.

[0274] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc., on data and control information acquired from the control unit 210 to generate a bit sequence to be transmitted.

[0275] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform transmission processing on the bit sequence to be transmitted, such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, DFT processing (if necessary), IFFT processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion, and output a baseband signal.

[0276] Whether or not to apply DFT processing may be based on the transform precoding settings. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform DFT processing as part of the transmission process to transmit a channel (for example, PUSCH) using a DFT-s-OFDM waveform if transform precoding is enabled for that channel, or it may not perform DFT processing as part of the transmission process if transform precoding is not enabled for that channel.

[0277] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc., of the baseband signal to the radio frequency band and transmit the signal in the radio frequency band via the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0278] On the other hand, the transmitting / receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc., on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0279] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (receiving processing unit 2212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal to acquire user data, etc.

[0280] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (measuring unit 223) may perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measuring unit 223 may perform RRM measurement, CSI measurement, etc., based on the received signal. The measuring unit 223 may also measure received power (e.g., RSRP), received quality (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (e.g., RSSI), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 210.

[0281] The measurement unit 223 may derive channel measurements for CSI calculation based on channel measurement resources. Channel measurement resources may be, for example, Non Zero Power (NZP) CSI-RS resources. The measurement unit 223 may also derive interference measurements for CSI calculation based on interference measurement resources. Interference measurement resources may be at least one of the following: NZP CSI-RS resources for interference measurement, CSI-Interference Measurement (IM) resources, etc. CSI-IM may also be called CSI-Interference Management (IM), and may be interpreted interchangeably with Zero Power (ZP) CSI-RS. In this disclosure, CSI-RS, NZP CSI-RS, ZP CSI-RS, CSI-IM, CSI-SSB, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0282] In this disclosure, the transmitting unit and receiving unit of the user terminal 20 may be composed of at least one of a transmitting / receiving unit 220 and a transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0283] (Hardware Configuration) The block diagram used in the description of the above embodiment shows functional units. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method of realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using one device that is physically or logically coupled, or it may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wired or wireless connections). A functional block may also be realized by combining the above one device or the above multiple devices with software.

[0284] Here, functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, decision, determination, calculation, calculation, processing, derivation, investigation, exploration, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, consideration, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating (mapping), and assigning. For example, a functional block (configuration part) that enables transmission may be called a transmitting unit or transmitter. In all cases, as mentioned above, the method of implementation is not particularly limited.

[0285] For example, a base station, user terminal, etc. in one embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that processes the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Figure 9 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and user terminal according to one embodiment. The base station 10 and user terminal 20 described above may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, memory 1002, storage 1003, communication device 1004, input device 1005, output device 1006, bus 1007, etc.

[0286] In this disclosure, terms such as apparatus, circuit, device, section, and unit are interchangeable. The hardware configuration of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may include one or more of the devices shown in the figure, or it may be configured without some of the devices.

[0287] For example, although only one processor 1001 is shown in the diagram, there may be multiple processors. Furthermore, the processing may be performed by one processor, or it may be performed by two or more processors simultaneously, sequentially, or by other means. Note that the processor 1001 may be implemented using one or more chips.

[0288] Each function in the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 is realized, for example, by loading predetermined software (programs) onto hardware such as the processor 1001 and memory 1002, which allows the processor 1001 to perform calculations and control communication via the communication device 1004, or control at least one of reading and writing data in the memory 1002 and storage 1003.

[0289] The processor 1001 controls the entire computer, for example, by running an operating system. The processor 1001 may be composed of a central processing unit (CPU) that includes interfaces with peripheral devices, control devices, arithmetic units, registers, etc. For example, at least a part of the control unit 110 (210) and the transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220) described above may be implemented by the processor 1001.

[0290] Furthermore, the processor 1001 reads programs (program code), software modules, data, etc., from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002 and executes various processes accordingly. The program used is one that causes the computer to execute at least a part of the operations described in the above embodiment. For example, the control unit 110 (210) may be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and other functional blocks may be implemented similarly.

[0291] The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: Read Only Memory (ROM), Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically EPROM (EEPROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), or other suitable storage medium. The memory 1002 may also be called a register, cache, or main memory. The memory 1002 can store executable programs (program code), software modules, etc., for carrying out a wireless communication method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0292] The storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: a flexible disk, a floppy disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a Compact Disk (Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM)), a Digital Use Disk, a Blu-ray (registered trademark) disk), a removable disk, a hard disk drive, a smart card, a flash memory device (e.g., a card, stick, key drive), a magnetic stripe, a database, a server, or other suitable storage medium. The storage 1003 may also be called an auxiliary storage device.

[0293] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmitting / receiving device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as a network device, network controller, network card, communication module, etc. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include, for example, a high-frequency switch, duplexer, filter, frequency synthesizer, etc., in order to implement at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, the above-mentioned transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220), transmitting / receiving antenna 130 (230), etc., may be implemented by the communication device 1004. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220) may be implemented with physically or logically separated transmitting unit 120a (220a) and receiving unit 120b (220b).

[0294] The input device 1005 is an input device that accepts input from an external source (e.g., a keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, etc.). The output device 1006 is an output device that outputs to an external source (e.g., a display, speaker, light-emitting diode (LED) lamp, etc.). The input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be configured as an integrated unit (e.g., a touch panel).

[0295] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and the memory 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or different buses may be configured for each device.

[0296] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), and a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of each functional block may be implemented using such hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these hardware components.

[0297] Furthermore, devices included in the core network 30 (for example, network nodes that provide NF) may also be implemented using the functional block / hardware configuration described above.

[0298] (Variations) Terms used in this disclosure and terms necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, channel, symbol and signal (signal or signaling) may be used interchangeably. Also, a signal may be a message. A reference signal may be abbreviated as RS and may be called a pilot, pilot signal, etc., depending on the applicable standard. Also, a component carrier (CC) may be called a cell, frequency carrier, carrier frequency, etc.

[0299] A wireless frame may consist of one or more periods (frames) in the time domain. Each of these periods (frames) constituting a wireless frame may be called a subframe. Furthermore, a subframe may consist of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0300] Here, the neurology may be communication parameters applied to at least one of the transmission and reception of a signal or channel. The neurology may be, for example, at least one of the following: subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame configuration, specific filtering processes performed by the transceiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing processes performed by the transceiver in the time domain.

[0301] A slot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain (such as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols or Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbols). Alternatively, a slot may be a time unit based on neurology.

[0302] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain. Minislots may also be called subslots. Minislots may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called a PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using minislots may be called a PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0303] Wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols all represent units of time when transmitting a signal. Wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols may each be referred to by different names. Furthermore, the units of time such as frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols in this disclosure may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0304] For example, one subframe may be called a TTI, multiple consecutive subframes may be called a TTI, and one slot or one mini-slot may be called a TTI. In other words, at least one of a subframe and a TTI may be a subframe in existing LTE (1 ms), a period shorter than 1 ms (e.g., 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing a TTI may be called a slot, mini-slot, etc., instead of a subframe.

[0305] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, the base station schedules each user terminal to allocate wireless resources (such as the frequency bandwidth and transmission power available to each user terminal) in TTI units. However, the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0306] TTI may be a transmission time unit for channel-encoded data packets (transport blocks), code blocks, code words, etc., or it may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the actual time interval (e.g., number of symbols) in which the transport block, code block, code word, etc. are mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0307] Furthermore, if one slot or one mini-slot is referred to as a TTI, then one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more mini-slots) may constitute the minimum time unit for scheduling. In addition, the number of slots (number of mini-slots) that constitute this minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0308] A TTI with a time length of 1 ms may be called a normal TTI, long TTI, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a normal TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, mini slot, sub slot, slot, etc.

[0309] Furthermore, long TTIs (e.g., normal TTIs, subframes, etc.) may be interpreted as TTIs with a time length exceeding 1 ms, and short TTIs (e.g., shortened TTIs, etc.) may be interpreted as TTIs with a TTI length less than that of a long TTI but 1 ms or more.

[0310] A Resource Block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and frequency domain, and in the frequency domain, it may contain one or more consecutive subcarriers. The number of subcarriers in an RB may be the same regardless of the neurology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers in an RB may be determined based on the neurology.

[0311] Furthermore, an RB may contain one or more symbols in the time domain and may have the length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI. One TTI, one subframe, etc., may each consist of one or more resource blocks.

[0312] One or more RBs may also be called Physical RBs (PRBs), Sub-Carrier Groups (SCGs), Resource Element Groups (REGs), PRB pairs, RB pairs, etc.

[0313] Furthermore, a resource block may consist of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource area comprising one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0314] A Bandwidth Part (BWP), also known as a partial bandwidth, may represent a subset of consecutive common resource blocks (RBs) for a given neurology in a given carrier. These common RBs may be identified by an index of the RBs relative to a common reference point of the carrier. The PRBs may be defined and numbered within a given BWP.

[0315] A BWP may include UL BWP (BWP for UL) and DL BWP (BWP for DL). One or more BWPs may be configured within a single carrier for a UE.

[0316] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE does not need to assume that it will transmit or receive a predetermined signal / channel outside of the active BWP. In this disclosure, terms such as "cell" and "carrier" may be read as "BWP".

[0317] The structures of wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols described above are merely examples. For example, the number of subframes included in a wireless frame, the number of slots per subframe or wireless frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, and the number of symbols, symbol length, and cyclic prefix (CP) length within the TTI can be varied in various ways.

[0318] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc., described in this disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or corresponding other information. For example, wireless resources may be indicated by a predetermined index.

[0319] The names used for parameters and other elements in this disclosure are not restrictive in any way. Furthermore, mathematical formulas and other elements using these parameters may differ from those expressly disclosed in this disclosure. Various channels (PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements can be identified by any suitable name, and therefore, the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not restrictive in any way.

[0320] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of the various different techniques. For example, the data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0321] Furthermore, information, signals, etc., can be output from upper layers to lower layers and from lower layers to upper layers, or to at least one of the two. Information, signals, etc., may also be input and output via multiple network nodes.

[0322] Input and output information and signals may be stored in a specific location (e.g., memory) or managed using a management table. Input and output information and signals may be overwritten, updated, or appended to. Output information and signals may be deleted. Input information and signals may be transmitted to other devices.

[0323] Any information described in this disclosure (e.g., variables, constants, parameters) may be communicated from any first device (e.g., UE / base station) to any second device (e.g., base station / UE) that indicates / specifies (or relates to) the value of such any information, even if not specifically stated in the embodiments described above.

[0324] Information notification is not limited to the embodiments described herein and may be carried out by other means. For example, information notification in this disclosure may be carried out by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB)), Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), other signals, or a combination thereof.

[0325] Physical layer signaling may also be called Layer 1 / Layer 2 (L1 / L2) control information (L1 / L2 control signals), L1 control information (L1 control signals), etc. RRC signaling may also be called RRC messages, for example, RRC Connection Setup messages, RRC Connection Reconfiguration messages, etc. MAC signaling may also be communicated using, for example, MAC Control Elements (CEs).

[0326] Furthermore, notification of the specified information (for example, notification that "X is the case") is not limited to explicit notification, but may also be made implicitly (for example, by not notifying the specified information or by notifying other information).

[0327] The determination may be made by a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), by a boolean value represented as true or false, or by a numerical comparison (for example, a comparison with a predetermined value).

[0328] Software should be broadly interpreted to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, execution threads, procedures, functions, and so on, whether they are called software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description languages, or by any other name.

[0329] Furthermore, software, instructions, information, etc., may be transmitted and received via a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using at least one of wired technology (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, or Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)) and wireless technology (such as infrared or microwave), then at least one of these wired and wireless technologies is included in the definition of a transmission medium.

[0330] The terms “system” and “network” as used in this disclosure may be used interchangeably. “Network” may also mean the equipment included in the network (e.g., base stations).

[0331] In this disclosure, terms such as “precoding,” “precoder,” “weight (precoding weight),” “quasi-co-location (QCL),” “transmission configuration indication state (TCI state),” “spatial relation,” “spatial domain filter,” “transmit power,” “phase rotation,” “antenna port,” “port,” “layer,” “number of layers,” “rank,” “resource,” “resource set,” “beam,” “beam width,” “beam angle,” “antenna,” “antenna element,” “panel,” “UE panel,” “transmitting entity,” and “receiving entity” may be used interchangeably.

[0332] In this disclosure, "antenna port" may be interpreted interchangeably with "antenna port for any signal / channel" (e.g., a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) port). In this disclosure, "resource" may be interpreted interchangeably with "resource for any signal / channel" (e.g., a reference signal resource, an SRS resource, etc.). Resources may include time / frequency / code / spatial / power resources. Furthermore, a spatial domain transmit filter may include at least one of a spatial domain transmit filter and a spatial domain receive filter.

[0333] The above group may include, for example, at least one of the following: a spatial relationship group, a code division multiplexing (CDM) group, a reference signal (RS) group, a control resource set (CORESET) group, a PUCCH group, an antenna port group (e.g., a DMRS port group), a layer group, a resource group, a beam group, an antenna group, or a panel group.

[0334] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as beam, SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), CORESET, CORESET pool, PDSCH, PUSCH, Codeword (CW), Transport Block (TB), and RS may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0335] Furthermore, in this disclosure, TCI state, downlink TCI state (DL TCI state), uplink TCI state (UL TCI state), unified TCI state, common TCI state, joint TCI state, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0336] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as "QCL," "QCL assumption," "QCL relationship," "QCL type information," "QCL property / properties," "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D) properties," and "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D)" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0337] In this disclosure, terms such as index, identifier (ID), indicator, indication, and resource ID may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, terms such as sequence, list, set, group, cluster, subset may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0338] Furthermore, the spatial relationship information Identifier (ID) (TCI state ID) and spatial relationship information (TCI state) may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. "Spatial relationship information (TCI state)" may be interpreted as mutually exclusive as "a set of spatial relationship information (TCI state)," "one or more pieces of spatial relationship information," etc. TCI state and TCI may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. Spatial relationship information and spatial relationship may be interpreted as mutually exclusive.

[0339] In this disclosure, terms such as “Base Station (BS),” “wireless base station,” “fixed station,” “NodeB,” “eNB (eNodeB),” “gNB (gNodeB),” “access point,” “Transmission Point (TP),” “Reception Point (RP),” “Transmission / Reception Point (TRP),” “panel,” “cell,” “sector,” “cell group,” “carrier,” and “component carrier” may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, and picocell.

[0340] A base station may house one or more (e.g., three) cells. If a base station houses multiple cells, the entire coverage area of ​​the base station may be divided into several smaller areas, each of which may also be provided with communication services by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head (RRH))). The terms “cell” or “sector” refer to part or all of the coverage area of ​​at least one of the base station and / or base station subsystems that provide communication services in that coverage.

[0341] In this disclosure, the transmission of information by a base station to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to perform a control / operation based on said information.

[0342] In this disclosure, terms such as "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," and "terminal" may be used interchangeably.

[0343] A mobile station may also be called a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other appropriate term.

[0344] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a wireless communication device, etc. At least one of the base station and the mobile station may also be a device mounted on a moving object, the moving object itself, etc.

[0345] The term "mobile object" refers to any movable object, regardless of its speed, and naturally includes cases where the mobile object is stationary. Examples of such mobile objects include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcarts, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones, multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and items carried on them. Furthermore, such mobile objects may be autonomously driven objects operating based on operational commands.

[0346] The mobile entity may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane), an unmanned mobile entity (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle), or a robot (manned or unmanned). At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device that does not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.

[0347] Figure 10 shows an example of a vehicle according to one embodiment. The vehicle 40 includes a drive unit 41, a steering unit 42, an accelerator pedal 43, a brake pedal 44, a shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, an axle 48, an electronic control unit 49, various sensors (including a current sensor 50, a rotation speed sensor 51, a pneumatic pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration sensor 54, an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a brake pedal sensor 56, a shift lever sensor 57, and an object detection sensor 58), an information service unit 59, and a communication module 60.

[0348] The drive unit 41 consists of, for example, at least one of an engine, a motor, or an engine-motor hybrid. The steering unit 42 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels 46 and the rear wheels 47 based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by the user.

[0349] The electronic control unit 49 consists of a microprocessor 61, memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and communication ports (e.g., input / output (IO) ports) 63. Signals from various sensors 50-58 installed in the vehicle are input to the electronic control unit 49. The electronic control unit 49 may also be called an Electronic Control Unit (ECU).

[0350] Signals from various sensors 50-58 include current signals from current sensor 50 for sensing motor current, rotational speed signals of front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 acquired by rotational speed sensor 51, air pressure signals of front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 acquired by air pressure sensor 52, vehicle speed signals acquired by vehicle speed sensor 53, acceleration signals acquired by acceleration sensor 54, accelerator pedal depression amount signals acquired by accelerator pedal sensor 55, brake pedal depression amount signals acquired by brake pedal sensor 56, operation signals of shift lever 45 acquired by shift lever sensor 57, and detection signals acquired by object detection sensor 58 for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc.

[0351] The information service unit 59 consists of various devices for providing (outputting) various types of information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, including a car navigation system, audio system, speakers, display, television, and radio, and one or more ECUs that control these devices. The information service unit 59 uses information acquired from external devices via a communication module 60 or the like to provide various types of information / services (for example, multimedia information / multimedia services) to the occupants of the vehicle 40.

[0352] The information service unit 59 may include input devices that accept input from the outside (e.g., keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, touch panel, etc.) or output devices that perform output to the outside (e.g., display, speaker, LED lamp, touch panel, etc.).

[0353] The driver assistance system unit 64 consists of various devices that provide functions to prevent accidents or reduce the driver's workload, such as millimeter-wave radar, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)), map information (e.g., High Definition (HD) maps, Autonomous Vehicle (AV) maps), gyro systems (e.g., Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), Inertial Navigation System (INS)), artificial intelligence (AI) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driver assistance system unit 64 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 60 to realize driver assistance functions or autonomous driving functions.

[0354] The communication module 60 can communicate with the microprocessor 61 and components of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63. For example, the communication module 60 sends and receives data (information) via the communication port 63 to the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axle 48, the microprocessor 61 and memory (ROM, RAM) 62 in the electronic control unit 49, and various sensors 50-58 provided in the vehicle 40.

[0355] The communication module 60 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 61 of the electronic control unit 49 and can communicate with external devices. For example, it can send and receive various types of information to and from external devices via wireless communication. The communication module 60 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 49. The external device may be, for example, the base station 10 or the user terminal 20 described above. Alternatively, the communication module 60 may be, for example, at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 (it may function as at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20).

[0356] The communication module 60 may transmit at least one of the following to an external device via wireless communication: signals from the various sensors 50-58 input to the electronic control unit 49, information obtained based on said signals, and information based on input from an external source (user) obtained via the information service unit 59. The electronic control unit 49, the various sensors 50-58, the information service unit 59, etc., may also be called input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 60 may include the information based on the above input.

[0357] The communication module 60 receives various information (traffic information, signal information, inter-vehicle information, etc.) transmitted from an external device and displays it on the information service unit 59 installed in the vehicle. The information service unit 59 may also be called an output unit, which outputs information (for example, it outputs information to devices such as displays and speakers based on the PDSCH (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH) received by the communication module 60).

[0358] Furthermore, the communication module 60 stores various information received from external devices in a memory 62 that can be used by the microprocessor 61. Based on the information stored in the memory 62, the microprocessor 61 may control the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axle 48, various sensors 50-58, etc., which are provided in the vehicle 40.

[0359] Furthermore, the term "base station" in this disclosure may be interpreted as "user terminal." For example, the various aspects / embodiments of this disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between multiple user terminals (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D), Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)). In this case, the user terminal 20 may have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Also, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be interpreted as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "sidelink"). For example, uplink channel, downlink channel, etc., may be interpreted as sidelink channel.

[0360] Similarly, the term "user terminal" in this disclosure may be replaced with "base station." In this case, the base station 10 may be configured to have the same functions as the user terminal 20 described above.

[0361] In this disclosure, operations performed by a base station may, in some cases, be performed by its upper node. In a network including one or more network nodes having base stations, it is clear that various operations performed for communication with terminals may be performed by the base station, one or more network nodes other than the base station (for example, a Mobility Management Entity (MME), a Serving Gateway (S-GW), etc., but not limited to these), or a combination thereof.

[0362] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be used individually, in combination, or switched between as needed during execution. Furthermore, the processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc., of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be rearranged in order, provided they are consistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present various step elements using exemplary order and are not limited to the specific order presented.

[0363] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure is Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG (where x is, for example, an integer or decimal)), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM®), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi®), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX®), IEEE 802.20, systems utilizing Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth®, or other appropriate wireless communication methods, and next-generation systems extended, modified, created, or defined based thereon may also be applied. Furthermore, multiple systems may be applied in combination (for example, a combination of LTE or LTE-A and 5G).

[0364] In this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based solely on" unless otherwise specified. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based solely on" and "based at least on."

[0365] Any reference to elements using the designations “first,” “second,” etc., as used in this disclosure does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient way to distinguish between two or more elements. Accordingly, the references to the first and second elements do not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must precede the second element in any way.

[0366] The term “determining” as used in this disclosure may encompass a wide variety of actions. For example, “determining” may be considered to mean judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, searching, or inquiring (e.g., searching in tables, databases, or other data structures), ascertaining, etc.

[0367] Furthermore, "judgment (decision)" may be considered as "judging (deciding)" things like receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory).

[0368] Furthermore, “judgment (decision)” may be considered as “judgment (decision)” of resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. In other words, “judgment (decision)” may be considered as “judgment (decision)” of some action. In this disclosure, “judgment (decision)” may be interpreted as mutually interchangeable with the actions described above.

[0369] Furthermore, in this disclosure, “determine / determining” may be interpreted as “assume / assuming,” “expect / expecting,” or “consider / considering.” In addition, in this disclosure, “not expecting to do…” may be interpreted as “expecting not to do….”

[0370] In this disclosure, "expect" may be rephrased as "be expected." For example, "expect(s) ..." (where "..." may be expressed as a that clause, an infinitive, etc.) may be rephrased as "be expected ..." or "do (the verb without "to" if "..." is an infinitive)." Similarly, "does not expect ..." may be rephrased as "be not expected ..." or "do not (the verb without "to" if "..." is an infinitive)." Furthermore, "An apparatus A is not expected ..." may be rephrased as "An apparatus B other than apparatus A does not expect ... from apparatus A" (for example, if apparatus A is a UE, apparatus B may be a base station).

[0371] The term "maximum transmit power" as used in this disclosure may mean the maximum transmit power, the nominal UE maximum transmit power, or the rated UE maximum transmit power.

[0372] As used in this disclosure, the terms “connected,” “coupled,” and any variations thereof mean any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are “connected” or “coupled” with each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, “connection” may be replaced with “access.”

[0373] In this disclosure, when two elements are connected, they can be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to each other using one or more wires, cables, printed electrical connections, etc., and, in some non-exclusive and non-exclusive examples, electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency domain, microwave domain, and optical (both visible and invisible) domain.

[0374] In this disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "combine" may be interpreted similarly to "different."

[0375] Where the terms “include,” “including,” and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, as is the term “comprising.” Furthermore, the term “or” as used in this disclosure is not intended to mean exclusive OR.

[0376] In this disclosure, if articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, this disclosure may include the fact that the noun following these articles is plural.

[0377] In this disclosure, "less than or equal to," "less than," "greater than or equal to," "more than," and "equal to" may be interpreted interchangeably. In addition, in this disclosure, words meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "early," "slow," "wide," and "narrow" may be interpreted interchangeably, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees. In addition, in this disclosure, words meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "early," "slow," "wide," and "narrow" may be interpreted interchangeably, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees, by adding "i-th" (where i is any integer) to the expression (for example, "highest" may be interpreted interchangeably with "i-th highest").

[0378] In this disclosure, "of," "for," "regarding," "related to," and "associated with" may be interpreted as being interchangeable.

[0379] In this disclosure, phrases such as "when A, B", "if A, then B", "B upon A", "B in response to A", "B based on A", "B during / while A", "B before A", "B at (the same time as) / on A", "B after A", "B since A", and "B until A" may be interchangeable. Furthermore, A, B, etc., may be replaced with appropriate expressions such as nouns, gerunds, or regular sentences depending on the context. The time difference between A and B may be approximately zero (immediately after or immediately before). Additionally, a time offset may be applied to the time when A occurs. For example, "A" may be interpreted as "before / after the time offset when A occurs". The time offset (e.g., one or more symbols / slots) may be predetermined or determined by the UE based on notified information.

[0380] In this disclosure, timing, time, duration, time instance, any unit of time (e.g., slot, subslot, symbol, subframe), period, occasion, resource, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0381] Although the invention described herein has been explained in detail above, it will be clear to those skilled in the art that the invention described herein is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The descriptions herein are illustrative and not intended to be restrictive in any way to the invention described herein.

Claims

1. A terminal having, in an idle state, a receiving unit that receives in a second cell either a signal for connecting to a first cell or a setting for receiving the signal, and a control unit that controls the connection based on the setting, wherein the frequency of the signal in the first cell is lower than the frequency of the signal in other cells.

2. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the signal is not transmitted in the first cell, and the target is the signal.

3. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the signal is transmitted in the first cell, the target is the setting, and the receiving unit receives the signal in the first cell based on the setting.

4. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the second cell is either a cell that was previously connected to the terminal or a cell that is overlaid on the first cell.

5. A wireless communication method for a terminal, comprising the steps of: receiving in a second cell either a signal for connecting to a first cell or a setting for receiving the signal, in an idle state; and controlling the connection based on the target, wherein the signal in the first cell is less frequent than the signals in other cells.

6. A base station having: a transmitting unit that, in an idle state, transmits to a second cell either a signal for connecting to a first cell or a setting for receiving the signal; and a controlling unit that controls the connection based on the target, wherein the frequency of the signal in the first cell is lower than the frequency of the signal in other cells.

Images