Anti-jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) systems for vehicles, aircraft and maritime vessels

Abstract

An anti-jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system for vehicles, aircraft, and maritime vessels for ensuring connectivity to a remote base station includes a directional antenna and a gimbal mounting assembly. The directional antenna emits a focused cone of emissions. The gimbal mounting assembly mounts the directional antenna to the mobile vehicle while allowing rotation of said directional antenna about the mobile vehicle on multiple axis. Wherein, the anti-jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system is configured to continuously align the directional antenna mounted on the mobile vehicle with the remote base station.

Description

Attorney Docket No. 44531-PCT6ANTI- JAM GIMBAL ANTENNA (AJGA) SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES, AIRCRAFT, AND MARITIME VESSELS CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims benefit to U. S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 738,354 filed on December 23, 2024, entitled Communication method, components, and systems for ensuring communication between vehicles, between vehicles and aircraft, between maritime vessels and other maritime vessels, or between maritime vessels and underwater or ground vehicles, and also claims benefit to U. S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 816,006 filed on June 2, 2025, entitled Communication Method and / or System Between an Unmanned Aircraft System and its Control Station with Directional Antennae, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

[0002] The present disclosure relates generally to communication systems for unmanned and manned vehicles, including aerial, ground, surface, and underwater platforms. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to anti -jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) systems for vehicles, aircraft, and maritime vessels.BACKGROUND

[0003] Generally speaking, unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) and other remote vehicles typically rely on omnidirectional antennae for command and control (C2) and telemetry.While omnidirectional antennae offer simplicity, they radiate energy in all directions. This lack of focus results in limited range and, critically, makes the system highly susceptible to radio frequency (RF) jamming. A jammer located anywhere in the operational theater can easily overpower the receiver.

[0004] Existing directional solutions often rely on heavy, expensive satellite communication (SATCOM) terminals or fixed point-to-point microwave links that require stationary operation. Furthermore, current systems generally lack the ability to dynamically "jump" between communication nodes in a mesh network without significant latency or loss of connection. Therefore, there is a need for a lightweight, cost-effective, gimbal-steered directional antenna system capable of maintaining a high signal-to-noise ratio in contested environments while enabling dynamic mesh networking.Attorney Docket No. 44531-PCT6

[0005] The instant disclosure may be designed to address at least certain aspects of the problems or needs discussed above by providing anti -jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) systems for vehicles, aircraft, and maritime vessels.SUMMARY

[0006] The present disclosure may solve the aforementioned limitations of the currently available antenna or communication solutions for vehicles, aircraft, and / or maritime vessels, by providing anti -jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) systems for vehicles, aircraft, and maritime vessels. The anti-jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) systems for vehicles, aircraft, and maritime vessels may generally be configured to ensure connectivity between a mobile vehicle (like any vehicle, any aircraft and / or any maritime vessel) to a remote base station (or the like). The AJGA system may generally include a directional antenna and a gimbal mounting assembly. The directional antenna may emit a focused cone of emissions The gimbal mounting assembly may mount the directional antenna to the mobile vehicle while allowing rotation of said directional antenna about the mobile vehicle on multiple axis. Wherein, the anti-jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system is configured to continuously align the directional antenna mounted on the mobile vehicle with the remote base station.

[0007] In select embodiments of the disclosed anti -jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system, the directional antenna may emit the focused cone of emissions ranging from 20 degrees to 40 degrees. In select embodiments, the directional antenna may include a Yagi-Uda antenna array.

[0008] In select embodiments, the disclosed anti -jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system may further include a processor and a positioning controller in communication with the processor. The processor may be configured to continuously receive geological data of the mobile vehicle and the remote base station and continuously calculate a pointing vector configured to continuously align the directional antenna mounted on the mobile vehicle with the remote base station. The positioning controller may be configured to continuously receive the pointing vector from the processor and manipulate the gimbal mounting assembly to continuously align the directional antenna mounted on the mobile vehicle with the remote base station.

[0009] In select embodiments, the disclosed anti -jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system may further include a housing enclosure. The housing enclosure may be configured to houseAttorney Docket No. 44531-PCT6the directional antenna. The housing enclosure may be designed for aerodynamic and environmental protection of the directional antenna.

[0010] In select embodiments of the disclosed anti -jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system, the gimbal mounting assembly may include a series of mechanical gears driven by servo motors to precisely orient the directional antenna. A first servo motor may provide the yaw axis rotation. A second servo motor may provide the pitch axis rotation. The first and second servo motors may be controlled by motor driver circuitry connected to the processor.

[0011] Another feature of the disclosed anti -jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system may be the inclusion of a cable management system. In select embodiments, the cable management system may include slip rings. The slip rings may be configured to provide continuous electrical connection across 360 degrees of rotation in the horizontal axis. In other select embodiments, the cable management system may include a cable loop system. The cable loop system may be in communication with the processor, where the processor is configured to actively track the total angular displacement of the gimbal mounting assembly and prevent the accumulation of more than one full 360-degree twist in a cable. Wherein, if the required orientation of the directional antenna necessitates exceeding this limit, the processor is configured to command the gimbal mounting assembly to rapidly execute a reverse 360-degree or 180-degree correction turn to instantly unwind the cable and achieve the required orientation. In other select embodiments, the cable management system may include slip rings and a cable loop system in communication with the processor.

[0012] Another feature of the disclosed anti -jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system may be that it can be configured to minimize signal interference by geometrically isolating a communication link between the directional antenna mounted on the mobile vehicle and the remote base station such that jamming is effective only when an interference source is interposed directly between the directional antenna and the remote base station.

[0013] In select embodiments of the disclosed anti -jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system, the mobile vehicle may be, but is not limited to, an unmanned aircraft system (UAS), an unmanned ground vehicle (UGV), an unmanned surface vessel (USV), the like, and / or combinations thereof.

[0014] Another feature of the disclosed anti -jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system may be that it can be configured for underwater use and applications. For these underwater use and applications, the directional antenna may be configured as a directional acoustic transducer orAttorney Docket No. 44531-PCT6a directional optical transceiver configured to transmit data through a water medium. The mobile vehicle may be, but is not limited to, an unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV). As such, in select embodiments, the disclosed anti -jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system may be configured for use with the unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV).

[0015] Another feature of the disclosed anti -jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system may be that it can be configured to enhance radio frequency (RF) communication in unmanned aerial systems (UAS) and other mobile platforms. Wherein, the directional antenna mounted on an actively controlled two-axis gimbal mounting assembly may be precisely oriented by an onboard processor using real-time positional data of the mobile vehicle and the remote base station. Wherein, the anti -jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system may be configured to: enhance range and signal throughput by maximizing effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) without increasing transmitter wattage; provide robust mitigation against malicious radio jamming and ambient electromagnetic interference (EMI) by utilizing inherent nulls of the directional antenna when aiming away from noise sources; lower the probability of signal intercept (LPI) by concentrating the transmitted energy into a narrow beam, thereby increasing the operational security of the mobile vehicle; the like; and / or combinations thereof.

[0016] Another feature of the disclosed anti -jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system may be that it can be configured to provide: an enhanced range and radio signal throughput. Wherein a high-gain, narrow-beam of the directional antenna focuses radio energy toward the remote base station, resulting in an increase in effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP), thereby allowing for the enhanced range and radio signal throughput with no corresponding increase in radio transmitter wattage, conserving power and reducing a thermal signature of the antijam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system.

[0017] Another feature of the disclosed anti -jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system may be that it can be configured to provide a mitigation of electromagnetic interference and jamming. Wherein, the directional antenna inherently provides a substantial reduction in gain outside of its main beam or a main lobe, wherein, at angles ranging from approximately 60° to 90° off the center axis of the main lobe, the directional antenna exhibits a deep null in its propagation profile. Whereby, when the main lobe is aimed away from a source of malicious radio jamming or strong ambient electromagnetic interference (EMI), reduced side-lobe gain of the directional antenna lessens the effects of the received noise, thereby enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for the desired signal.Attorney Docket No. 44531-PCT6

[0018] Another feature of the disclosed anti -jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system may be that it can be configured to provide a reduced probability of intercept (LPI). Wherein, by concentrating the radio frequency (RF) energy into a narrow beam precisely aimed at a target receiver at the remote base station, the anti -jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system may reduce the signal signature in all other directions, whereby a probability of intercept (LPI) by malicious or enemy signals intelligence (SIGINT) devices attempting to triangulate the source of the radio transmission is lowered, thereby increasing operational security.

[0019] In another aspect, the instant disclosure embraces a multi-node anti -jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system for ensuring connectivity between a mobile vehicle, a remote base station, and a downstream device or relay node. This multi-node anti -jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system may also be referred to herein as a multi-stacked AJGA system. The multinode anti -jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system may include at least a first directional antenna and a second directional antenna. The first directional antenna may emit a first focused cone of emissions. The second directional antenna may emit a second focused cone of emissions. A first gimbal mounting assembly may be included for the first directional antenna. The first gimbal mounting assembly may mount the first directional antenna to the mobile vehicle while allowing rotation of the first directional antenna about the mobile vehicle on first multiple axis. A second gimbal mounting assembly may be included for the second directional antenna. The second gimbal mounting assembly may mount the second directional antenna to the mobile vehicle while allowing rotation of the second directional antenna about the mobile vehicle on second multiple axis. Wherein, the multi-node anti -jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system may be configured to continuously align the first directional antenna mounted on the mobile vehicle with the remote base station and continuously align the second directional antenna with the downstream device or the relay node (or vice versa).

[0020] In select embodiments of the disclosed multi-node anti -jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system, the first directional antenna may emit the first focused cone of emissions ranging from 20 to 40 degrees. Likewise, the second directional antenna may emit the second focused cone of emissions ranging from 20 degrees to 40 degrees. In select embodiments, the first directional antenna and the second directional antenna may include a Yagi-Uda antenna array.

[0021] In select embodiments, the disclosed multi-node anti -jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system may further include a processor, a first positioning controller and a second positioning controller. The processor may be configured to continuously receive geological data of theAttorney Docket No. 44531-PCT6mobile vehicle and the remote base station, and continuously calculate a first pointing vector configured to continuously align the first directional antenna mounted on the mobile vehicle with the remote base station. The processor may also be configured to continuously receive geological data of the mobile vehicle and the downstream device or the relay node, and continuously calculate a second pointing vector configured to continuously align the second directional antenna mounted on the mobile vehicle with the downstream device or the relay node. The first positioning controller may be in communication with the processor. The first positioning controller may be configured to continuously receive the first pointing vector from the processor and manipulate the first gimbal mounting assembly to continuously align the first directional antenna mounted on the mobile vehicle with the remote base station. The second positioning controller may also be in communication with the processor. The second positioning controller may be configured to continuously receive the second pointing vector from the processor and manipulate the second gimbal mounting assembly to continuously align the second directional antenna mounted on the mobile vehicle with the downstream device or the relay node.

[0022] In select embodiments, the disclosed multi-node anti -jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system may further include a first housing enclosure and a second housing enclosure. The first housing enclosure may be configured to house the first directional antenna. The first housing enclosure may be designed for aerodynamic and environmental protection of the first directional antenna. The second housing enclosure may be configured to house the second directional antenna. The second housing enclosure is designed for aerodynamic and environmental protection of the second directional antenna.

[0023] One feature of the disclosed multi-node anti -jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system may be that it can be configured to: minimize a first signal interference by geometrically isolating a first communication link between the first directional antenna mounted on the mobile vehicle and the remote base station such that jamming is effective only when a first interference source is interposed directly between the first directional antenna and the remote base station; and minimize a second signal interference by geometrically isolating a second communication link between the second directional antenna mounted on the mobile vehicle and the downstream device or the relay node, such that jamming is effective only when a second interference source is interposed directly between the second directional antenna and the downstream device or the relay node.Attorney Docket No. 44531-PCT6

[0024] Another feature of the disclosed multi-node anti -jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system may be the inclusion of a node-jumping module. The node-jumping module may be designed and configured to utilize artificial intelligence (AI) logic. Wherein, the nodejumping module may be configured to: monitor signal integrity and topographical data to identify terrain obstacles or jamming sources; identify an optimal relay node from a plurality of available nodes; and / or automatically realign at least one of the directional antennas to establish a link with said optimal relay node, thereby bypassing the terrain obstacles or the jamming sources.

[0025] In select embodiments, the disclosed multi-node anti -jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system may further include a multi-stacked AJGA unit. The multi-stacked AJGA unit may include at least the first directional antenna and the second directional antenna mounted on independent gimbals including at least the first gimbal mounting assembly and the second gimbal mounting assembly to enable relay, mesh capabilities and multi -device control.

[0026] In another aspect, the instant disclosure embraces a method for maintaining secure communication between a mobile vehicle and a remote base station. The disclosed method for maintaining secure communication between a mobile vehicle and a remote base station may include utilizing the disclosed anti -jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system (or multi-node AJGA system) in any of the embodiments and / or combinations of embodiments shown and / or described herein. As such, the disclosed method for maintaining secure communication between a mobile vehicle and a remote base station may generally include the step of providing the disclosed anti -jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system (or multi-node AJGA system) in any of the embodiments and / or combinations of embodiments shown and / or described herein, including, but not limited to, providing the anti -jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system for ensuring connectivity between a mobile vehicle and a remote base station comprising: a directional antenna that emits a focused cone of emissions; and a gimbal mounting assembly for the directional antenna that mounts the directional antenna to the mobile vehicle while allowing rotation of said directional antenna about the mobile vehicle on multiple axis. With the provided anti -jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system, the disclosed method for maintaining secure communication between a mobile vehicle and a remote base station may further include the steps of: continuously determining a geolocation of the mobile vehicle; continuously determining a geolocation of the remote base station; continuously calculating a pointing vector between the mobile vehicle and the remote base station; transforming the pointing vector into a body -frame coordinate system based on an orientationAttorney Docket No. 44531-PCT6of the mobile vehicle; controlling a positioning controller of the gimbal mounting assembly to align the directional antenna with said pointing vector; and transmitting data from the directional antenna to the remote base station via a focused cone of emissions ranging between 20 degrees to 40 degrees to reject off-axis interference.

[0027] In select embodiments of the disclosed method for maintaining secure communication between a mobile vehicle and a remote base station, wherein the anti -jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system further comprising an artificial intelligence model, the disclosed method for maintaining secure communication between a mobile vehicle and a remote base station may further include: predicting the future trajectory of the mobile vehicle via the artificial intelligence model; and preemptively adjusting the pointing vector based on the predicted future trajectory of the mobile vehicle to maintain link stability between the mobile vehicle and the remote base station.

[0028] The foregoing illustrative summary, as well as other exemplary objectives and / or advantages of the disclosure, and the manner in which the same are accomplished, are further explained within the following detailed description and its accompanying drawings.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] The present disclosure will be better understood by reading the Detailed Description with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are not necessarily drawn to scale, and in which like reference numerals denote similar structure and refer to like elements throughout, and in which:

[0030] FIG. 1 is a diagram of an anti -jam gimbal antenna system for vehicles, aircraft, and / or maritime vehicles according to select embodiments of the instant disclosure;

[0031] FIG. 2 is perspective view of an anti -jam gimbal antenna according to select embodiment of the instant disclosure for use in the disclosed anti -jam gimbal antenna system for vehicles, aircraft, and / or maritime vehicles;

[0032] FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the disclosed anti -jam gimbal antenna system for vehicles, aircraft, and / or maritime vehicles in use (right side) versus not using (left side) the disclosed anti-jam gimbal antenna system for vehicles, aircraft, and / or maritime vehicles;

[0033] FIG. 4 is a diagram of an anti -jam gimbal antenna system for vehicles, aircraft, and / or maritime vehicles according to select embodiments of the instant disclosure showing 2Attorney Docket No. 44531-PCT6AJGA stacked for use in a multi-stacked AJGA embodiment (mesh network and / or relay configuration);

[0034] FIG. 5 is a diagram of an anti -jam gimbal antenna system for vehicles, aircraft, and / or maritime vehicles according to select embodiments of the instant disclosure showing 2 AJGA stacked for use in a multi-stacked AJGA embodiment (mesh network and / or relay configuration) in use with a fixed wing drone becoming a relay between drones as point-to-point;

[0035] FIG. 6 is a diagram of an anti -jam gimbal antenna system for vehicles, aircraft, and / or maritime vehicles according to select embodiments of the instant disclosure showing 2 AJGA stacked for use in a multi-stacked AJGA embodiment (mesh network and / or relay configuration) in use with a drone acting as a relay to another drone from a remote base station;

[0036] FIG. 7 is a diagram of an anti -jam gimbal antenna system for vehicles, aircraft, and / or maritime vehicles according to select embodiments of the instant disclosure showing 2 AJGA stacked for use in a multi-stacked AJGA embodiment (mesh network and / or relay configuration) in use with 3 military vehicles with AJGA communicating among each other and one of the vehicles is also communication with a drone;

[0037] FIG. 8 is a graphic showing the Friis Transmission Equation modified for Directional Gain for use in the anti -jam gimbal antenna system for vehicles, aircraft, and / or maritime vehicles according to select embodiments of the instant disclosure;

[0038] FIG. 9 is a graphic that shows and illustrates the Signal-to-Interference Ratio (SIR) equation for use in the anti -jam gimbal antenna system for vehicles, aircraft, and / or maritime vehicles according to select embodiments of the instant disclosure that demonstrates jamming rejection; and

[0039] FIG. 10 is a flow chart showing the disclosed method for maintaining secure communication between a mobile vehicle and a remote base station according to select embodiments of the instant disclosure.

[0040] It is to be noted that the drawings presented are intended solely for the purpose of illustration and that they are, therefore, neither desired nor intended to limit the disclosure to any or all of the exact details of construction shown, except insofar as they may be deemed essential to the claimed disclosure.Attorney Docket No. 44531-PCT6DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] Referring now to FIGS. 1-10, in describing the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, specific terminology is employed for the sake of clarity. The present disclosure, however, is not intended to be limited to the specific terminology so selected, and it is to be understood that each specific element includes all technical equivalents that operate in a similar manner to accomplish similar functions. Embodiments of the claims may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed to be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. The examples set forth herein are non-limiting examples and are merely examples among other possible examples.

[0042] Referring to FIGS. 1-9, the present disclosure may solve the aforementioned limitations of the currently available antenna or communication solutions for vehicles, aircraft, and / or maritime vessels by providing the disclosed anti -jam gimbal antenna system 10. Anti-jam gimbal antenna system 10, which may also be referred to herein as just AJGA system 10 or AJGA, may be configured for any various vehicle, vessel, aircraft, or the like, including but not limited to, vehicles like military vehicles, aircraft like drones, and / or maritime vehicles like military ships or boats. The purpose of AJGA system 10 may be to provide a communication method and hardware system designed to ensure communication in environments of high radio frequency emissions (jamming / interference). The main attributes of AJGA system 10 may be: 1) increased distance of communications: providing significantly extended range for telemetry and control signals compared to omni-directional systems, data integrity: a substantial reduction in data packet loss, ensuring high-fidelity transmission for video and other high-bandwidth communications; and highly jam resistant: creating a nearly unjammable connection by physically isolating the signal path. The disclosed systems features two distinct hardware embodiments: a single directional antenna AJGA system 10 being a unit designed to maintain a dedicated "look-back" connection to a remote base station; and a multi-stacked or multi-node AJGA system 100 being a unit utilizing two or more AJGA modules designed to facilitate internal meshed relay networks, simultaneously control multiple downstream devices, and enable dynamic node-jumping.

[0043] AJGA system 10 may be designed for ensuring connectivity between mobile vehicle 12 and remote base station 14 (or the like, including but not limited to, base stations, ground control stations (GCS), and / or receiving stations). AJGA system 10 may generally include directional antenna 16 and gimbal mounting assembly 20. Directional antenna 16 may emit focused cone of emissions 18. Gimbal mounting assembly 20 may mountAttorney Docket No. 44531-PCT6directional antenna 16 to mobile vehicle 12 while allowing rotation of directional antenna 16 about mobile vehicle 12 on multiple axis 22. Wherein, anti-jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system 10 may be configured to continuously align directional antenna 16 mounted on mobile vehicle 12 with remote base station 14.

[0044] Directional antenna 16 may be any directional antenna or the like designed to emit focused cone of emissions 18. Focused cone of emissions 18 may be any desired range of focus. In select possibly preferred embodiments, directional antenna 16 may emit focused cone of emissions 18 ranging from 20 degrees to 40 degrees. Directional antenna 16 may be any type of antenna or the like configured or designed to emit focused cone of emissions 18, like a Yagi or log -Periodic high -gain directional antenna. In select possibly preferred embodiments, as shown in the Figures, directional antenna 16 may include Yagi-Uda antenna array 26. Directional antenna 16 may be one of several high-gain types, including a Yagi-Uda antenna or a Log-Periodic Dipole Array (LPDA). While the system is physically capable of operating across various frequency bands, it may be best suited for the UHF ISM band, specifically above 2.0 GHz (e.g., 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz) due to size and form-factor limitations associated with directional antennas in the lower frequency bands. These higher frequencies permit the necessary bandwidth for digital telemetry and high-definition video feeds. A preferred embodiment of directional antenna 16 may utilize an 8-element, 5.8 GHz Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Yagi antenna. This configuration may allow for a compact, lightweight design suitable for small UAS applications. This configuration of directional antenna 16 may provide a high-gain beam with a narrow half-power beam width (HPBW) of approximately 20° to 40°, concentrating the emitted and received RF energy. Directional antenna 16 may be fed via a standard coaxial cable connected to a Sub-Miniature A (SMA) connector, ensuring compatibility with standard UAS radio transceivers.

[0045] In select embodiments, anti -jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system 10 may further include processor 28 and positioning controller 34 in communication with processor 28. Processor 28 may be configured to continuously receive geological data 30 of mobile vehicle 12 and remote base station 14 and continuously calculate pointing vector 32 configured to continuously align directional antenna 16 mounted on mobile vehicle 12 with remote base station 14. Positioning controller 34 may be configured to continuously receive pointing vector 32 from processor 28 and manipulate gimbal mounting assembly 20 to continuously align directional antenna 16 mounted on mobile vehicle 12 with remote base station 14.Attorney Docket No. 44531-PCT6

[0046] As best shown in FIG. 2, in select embodiments, anti -jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system 10 may further include housing enclosure 36. Housing enclosure 36 may be configured to house directional antenna 16. Housing enclosure 36 may be designed for aerodynamic and environmental protection of directional antenna 16, as shown in FIG. 2.

[0047] Gimbal mounting assembly 20 may be included in AJGA system 10 for mounting directional antenna 16 to mobile vehicle 12 while allowing directional antenna 16 to be moved in multiple axis 22 about mobile vehicle 12. Gimbal mounting assembly 20 may include any device, mechanism or means for mounting directional antenna 16 to mobile vehicle 12 while providing multiple axis 22 of rotation about mobile vehicle 12. In select embodiments, gimbal mounting assembly 20 may include a series of mechanical gears 38 driven by servo motors 40 to precisely orient directional antenna 16. A first servo motor 40 may provide the yaw axis rotation of directional antenna 16 about mobile vehicle 12. A second servo motor 40 may provide the pitch axis rotation of directional antenna 16 about mobile vehicle 12. First and second servo motors 40 may be controlled by motor driver circuitry 46 connected to processor 28, like via a series of wires or cables as shown in FIG. 2.

[0048] Still referring to FIG. 2, another feature of anti -jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system 10 may be the inclusion of cable management system 48. Cable management system 48 may be for managing the cables or wires connected between servo motors 40 and processor 28, like for preventing twisting, tangling, cutting, the like, etc. while gimbal mounting assembly 20 is moving and orienting directional antenna 16 about mobile vehicle 12. In select embodiments, cable management system 48 may include slip rings 50. Slip rings 50 may be configured to provide continuous electrical connection across 360 degrees of rotation in the horizontal axis. In other select embodiments, cable management system 48 may include cable loop system 52. Cable loop system 52 may be in communication with processor 28, where processor 28 is configured to actively track the total angular displacement of gimbal mounting assembly 20 and prevent the accumulation of more than one full 360-degree twist in a cable. Wherein, if the required orientation of directional antenna 16 necessitates exceeding this limit, processor 28 may be configured to command gimbal mounting assembly 20 to rapidly execute a reverse 360-degree or 180-degree correction turn to instantly unwind the cable and achieve the required orientation. In other select embodiments, cable management system 48 may include a combination of slip rings 50 and cable loop system 52 in communication with processor 28.Attorney Docket No. 44531-PCT6

[0049] Referring specifically to FIG. 3, another feature of anti -jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system 10 may be that it can be configured to minimize signal interference by geometrically isolating communication link 54 between directional antenna 16 mounted on mobile vehicle 12 and remote base station 14 such that jamming is effective only when an interference source is interposed directly between directional antenna 16 and remote base station 14.

[0050] Anti -jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system 10 may be configured for use on any mobile vehicle or the like, including but not limited to, unmanned aircraft system (UAS) 56, unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) 58, an unmanned surface vessel (USV), the like, and / or combinations thereof. Another feature of anti -jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system 10 may be that it can be configured for underwater use and applications. For these underwater use and applications, directional antenna 16 may be configured as a directional acoustic transducer or a directional optical transceiver configured to transmit data through a water medium. Mobile vehicle 12 may be, but is not limited to, an unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV). As such, in select embodiments, anti -jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system 10 may be configured for use with the unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV).

[0051] As best illustrated in FIG. 3, another feature of anti-jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system 10 may be that it can be configured to enhance radio frequency (RF) communication in unmanned aerial systems (UAS) and other mobile platforms. Wherein, directional antenna 16 mounted on an actively controlled two-axis gimbal mounting assembly 20 may be precisely oriented by an onboard processor 28 using real-time positional data 30 of mobile vehicle 12 and remote base station 14. Wherein, anti-jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system 10 may be configured to: enhance range and signal throughput 68 by maximizing effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) without increasing transmitter wattage; provide robust mitigation against malicious radio jamming and ambient electromagnetic interference (EMI) 70 by utilizing inherent nulls of directional antenna 16 when aiming away from noise sources; lower the probability of signal intercept (LPI) 72 by concentrating the transmitted energy into a narrow beam, thereby increasing the operational security of mobile vehicle 12; the like; and / or combinations thereof.

[0052] As best illustrated in FIG. 3, another feature of anti-jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system 10 may be that it can be configured to provide: an enhanced range and radio signal throughput 68. Wherein a high-gain, narrow-beam of directional antenna 16 focuses radio energy toward the remote base station, resulting in an increase in effective isotropic radiatedAttorney Docket No. 44531-PCT6power (EIRP), thereby allowing for the enhanced range and radio signal throughput with no corresponding increase in radio transmitter wattage, conserving power and reducing a thermal signature of anti -jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system 10.

[0053] As best illustrated in FIG. 3, another feature of anti-jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system 10 may be that it can be configured to provide a mitigation of electromagnetic interference and jamming 70. Wherein, directional antenna 16 may inherently provide a substantial reduction in gain outside of its main beam or a main lobe, wherein, at angles ranging from approximately 60° to 90° off the center axis of the main lobe, directional antenna 16 may exhibit a deep null in its propagation profile. Whereby, when the main lobe is aimed away from a source of malicious radio jamming or strong ambient electromagnetic interference (EMI), reduced side-lobe gain of directional antenna 16 lessens the effects of the received noise, thereby enhancing the signal -to-noise ratio (SNR) for the desired signal.

[0054] As best illustrated in FIG. 3, another feature of anti-jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system 10 may be that it can be configured to provide a reduced probability of intercept (LPI) 72. Wherein, by concentrating the radio frequency (RF) energy into a narrow beam precisely aimed at a target receiver at remote base station 14, anti-jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system 10 may reduce the signal signature in all other directions, whereby a probability of intercept (LPI) by malicious or enemy signals intelligence (SIGINT) devices attempting to triangulate the source of the radio transmission is lowered, thereby increasing operational security.

[0055] Referring now specifically to FIGS. 1, and 4-7, in another aspect, the instant disclosure embraces multi-node anti -jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system 100. Multi-node anti -jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system 100 may include all of the elements, features, and benefits noted above for the single embodiment of anti -jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system 10. Multi-node anti-jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system 100 may be for ensuring connectivity between mobile vehicle 12, remote base station 14, and downstream device or relay node 102. Multi-node anti -jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system 100 may also be referred to herein as a multi-stacked AJGA system 100. Multi-node anti -jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system 100 may include at least a first directional antenna 16 and a second directional antenna 16. The first directional antenna 16 may emit a first focused cone of emissions 18. The second directional antenna 16 may emit a second focused cone of emissions 18. A first gimbal mounting assembly 20 may be included for the first directional antenna 16. The first gimbal mounting assembly 20 may mount the first directional antenna 16 to the mobile vehicle 12 while allowing rotation of the first directional antenna 16 aboutAttorney Docket No. 44531-PCT6the mobile vehicle 12 on first multiple axis 22. A second gimbal mounting assembly 20 may be included for the second directional antenna 16. The second gimbal mounting assembly 20 may mount the second directional antenna 16 to the mobile vehicle 12 while allowing rotation of the second directional antenna 16 about the mobile vehicle 12 on second multiple axis 22. Wherein, the multi-node anti -jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system 10 may be configured to continuously align the first directional antenna 16 mounted on the mobile vehicle 12 with the remote base station 14 and continuously align the second directional antenna 16 with the downstream device or the relay node 102 (or vice versa).

[0056] In select embodiments of multi-node anti -jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system 100, the first directional antenna 16 may emit the first focused cone of emissions 18 ranging from 20 to 40 degrees. Likewise, the second directional antenna 16 may emit the second focused cone of emissions 18 ranging from 20 degrees to 40 degrees. In select embodiments, the first directional antenna 16 and the second directional antenna 16 may include a Yagi-Uda antenna array 26 (as shown best in FIG. 2).

[0057] Multi-node anti -jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system 100 may further include processor 28, a first positioning controller 34 and a second positioning controller 34. The processor 28 may be configured to continuously receive geological data 30 of mobile vehicle 12 and remote base station 14, and continuously calculate first pointing vector 32 configured to continuously align first directional antenna 16 mounted on mobile vehicle 12 with remote base station 14. Processor 28 may also be configured to continuously receive geological data 30 of mobile vehicle 12 and downstream device or the relay node 102, and continuously calculate a second pointing vector 32 configured to continuously align the second directional antenna 16 mounted on mobile vehicle 12 with downstream device or the relay node 102. The first positioning controller 34 may be in communication with processor 28. The first positioning controller 34 may be configured to continuously receive the first pointing vector 32 from processor 28 and manipulate the first gimbal mounting assembly 20 to continuously align the first directional antenna 16 mounted on mobile vehicle 12 with remote base station 14. The second positioning controller 34 may also be in communication with processor 28. The second positioning controller 34 may be configured to continuously receive the second pointing vector 32 from processor 28 and manipulate the second gimbal mounting assembly 20 to continuously align the second directional antenna 16 mounted on mobile vehicle 12 with downstream device or the relay node 102.Attorney Docket No. 44531-PCT6

[0058] Multi-node anti -jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system 100 may further include a first housing enclosure 36 and a second housing enclosure 36. The first housing enclosure 36 may be configured to house the first directional antenna 16. The first housing enclosure 36 may be designed for aerodynamic and environmental protection of the first directional antenna 16. The second housing enclosure 36 may be configured to house the second directional antenna 16. The second housing enclosure 36 may be designed for aerodynamic and environmental protection of the second directional antenna 16.

[0059] One feature of multi-node anti -jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system 100 may be that it can be configured to: minimize a first signal interference by geometrically isolating a first communication link 54 between the first directional antenna 16 mounted on the mobile vehicle 12 and the remote base station 14 such that jamming is effective only when a first interference source is interposed directly between the first directional antenna 16 and remote base station 14; and minimize a second signal interference by geometrically isolating a second communication link 54 between the second directional antenna 16 mounted on the mobile vehicle 12 and the downstream device or the relay node 102, such that jamming is effective only when a second interference source is interposed directly between the second directional antenna 16 and the downstream device or the relay node 102.

[0060] Another feature of multi-node anti -jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system 100 may be the inclusion of a node-jumping module. The node-jumping module may be designed and configured to utilize artificial intelligence (AI) logic. Wherein, the node-jumping module may be configured to: monitor signal integrity and topographical data to identify terrain obstacles or jamming sources; identify an optimal relay node from a plurality of available nodes; and / or automatically realign at least one of the directional antennas 16 to establish a link 54 with said optimal relay node 102, thereby bypassing the terrain obstacles or the jamming sources.

[0061] Referring now to FIGS. 4-7, in select embodiments, multi-node anti-jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system 100 may further include multi-stacked AJGA unit 106. Multi-stacked AJGA unit 106 may include at least the first directional antenna 16 and the second directional antenna 16 mounted on top of each other (i.e. stacked) with independent gimbals including at least the first gimbal mounting assembly 20 and the second gimbal mounting assembly 20 to enable relay, mesh capabilities and multi-device control.

[0062] Anti-Jam Gimbal Antenna (AJGA) systems 10 and 100 may be a novel solution for enhancing radio frequency (RF) communication in Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) andAttorney Docket No. 44531-PCT6other mobile platforms. Anti -Jam Gimbal Antenna (AJGA) systems 10 and 100 may be comprised of a high-gain directional antenna 16 (e.g., Yagi or Log-Periodic) mounted on an actively controlled two-axis gimbal 20, which is precisely oriented by an onboard processor 28 using real-time positional data 30 of the vehicle 12 and the Ground Control Station (GCS) 14. This active, high-precision directionality achieves three primary objectives: first, it enables significantly enhanced range and signal throughput by maximizing Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) without increasing transmitter wattage; second, it provides robust mitigation against malicious radio jamming and ambient electromagnetic interference (EMI) by utilizing the antenna's inherent nulls when aiming away from noise sources; and third, it drastically lowers the probability of signal intercept (LPI) by concentrating the transmitted energy into a narrow beam, thereby increasing the operational security of the host vehicle.

[0063] The primary objectives of AJGA systems 10 and 100 may be realized through the directional nature of directional antenna 16 and the precision of the gimbal -based tracking from gimbal mounting assembly 20. The principal technical advantages may include:• Enhanced range and signal throughput, the mitigation of where the high-gain, narrowbeam antenna 16 focuses radio energy toward the receiving station 14, resulting in a substantial increase in Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP). This allows for significantly enhanced range and radio signal throughput with no corresponding increase in radio transmitter wattage, conserving power and reducing the platform's thermal signature.• Mitigation of Electromagnetic Interference and Jamming: The highly directional nature of the Yagi or Log-Periodic antenna 16 inherently provides a substantial reduction in gain outside of its main beam (the "main lobe"). Specifically, at angles ranging from approximately 60° to 90° off the center axis of the main lobe, the antenna 16 exhibits a deep null in its propagation profile. When the main lobe is aimed away from a source of malicious radio jamming or strong ambient electromagnetic interference (EMI), the antenna's reduced side-lobe gain lessens the effects of the received noise, thereby enhancing the signal -to-noise ratio (SNR) for the desired signal.• Reduced Probability of Intercept (LPI): By concentrating the radio frequency (RF) energy into a narrow beam precisely aimed at the target receiver (remote base station 14), system 10 or system 100 may significantly reduce the signal signature in all otherAttorney Docket No. 44531-PCT6directions. This lowers the probability of intercept (LPI) by malicious or "enemy" Signals Intelligence (SIGINT) devices attempting to triangulate the source of the radio transmission, thereby increasing operational security.

[0064] The two primary embodiments disclosed include: Single AJGA system 10 (a unit dedicated to maintaining a "look-back" connection to a base station); and multi-Stacked AJGA system 100 (a configuration utilizing two or more gimbal units to facilitate internal meshed relay networks, allowing the system to simultaneously control multiple downstream devices and dynamically "jump" nodes using Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning (AI / ML) logic to avoid terrain obstacles and signal degradation. The single AJGA system 10 may include a single directional Yagi - helical - log periodic antenna 16 mounted on a multi¬ axis gimbal 20 for point-to-point "look back" communication. The multi-Stacked AJGA Unit 100 may include a plurality of directional antennae 16 (two or more) mounted on independent gimbals 20 (stacked or adjacent) to enable relay, mesh capabilities, and multi -device control. An onboard positioning controller 34 is included. The onboard positioning controller may include a computer that calculates orientation using GPS and dead reckoning to issue steering commands to the gimbals. AI / ML Software Module may also be included which may include a program capable of optimizing node selection, course corrections, and path prioritization based on topography and signal strength. Housing / Enclosure 36 may be included with a construction to house the antennae 16 (single or multiple) for aerodynamic and environmental protection.

[0065] AJGA systems 10 and 100 may utilize directional antennae 16 mounted on multiaxis gimbals 20. By using GPS location, inertial -based, or physics-based dead reckoning to identify the positions of the transmitter and receiver, the antennae 16 are mechanically steered to maintain alignment. This physical alignment ensures a high signal-to-noise ratio, overcoming jamming attempts.

[0066] The Single AJGA (Base-Link Configured on)system 10 may consists of a single directional antenna 16, specifically a Yagi antenna 26 or similar directional apparatus, mounted on a multi -axis gimbal 20. The cone of Emission 18 of the directional antenna 16 may be configured to produce a focused cone of emissions (beamwidth) ranging from 20 to 40 degrees. This specific narrow beam width concentrates radio frequency energy to maximize range and signal rejection. Although clearly not limited thereto, the envisioned main use may be to maintain a constant, dedicated connection between a drone (Unmanned Aircraft System - UAS 56) and its base station 14.?\s the drone 56 maneuvers, the antennaAttorney Docket No. 44531-PCT616 continuously orients itself to "lookback" at the controller at base station 14, ensuring command and control integrity. Anti-jamming and geometric limitation may be provided by focusing the beamwidth solely on the base station 14, whereby the system may ignore off-axis interference. It is a specific attribute of AJGA system 10 that the connection is jammed only when the jamming source physically comes directly between the transmitting antenna 16 and the base station 14 (or between the two communicating Yagi antennae 26). In all other scenarios where the jammer is off-axis, the directional isolation ensures the connection remains secure. The antenna 16 is rotatably coupled to a two-axis gimbal assembly 20. This mechanism allows for angular adjustment in the Pitch (theta) and Yaw (phi) axes relative to the body of the host vehicle. The gimbal assembly 20 may be constructed using a series of mechanical gears 38 and is driven by servo motors 40 to precisely orient the antenna 16.

[0067] AJGA systems 10 and 100 may include control loop and positioning logic. The control loop and positioning logic may allow for the core function of the system to be executed, where the closed control loop may be designed to maximize communication link quality by directing the narrow antenna beam back towards the pilot / GCS. This process requires continuous, real-time determination of the Look-Back Vector between the vehicle and the control station. Of significant note, Anti -Jam Gimbal Antenna Systems 10 and 100 may be agnostic to the vehicle's method of Position and Timing (PNT) derivation; it requires only that the vehicle's location and the known Ground Control Station 14 (GCS) location be provided to the central processing unit 28 via a standardized protocol, such as industrystandard NMEA sentences. The data inputs of the onboard processor 28 or CPU may require two principal inputs: the current, real-time location and orientation of the vehicle 12 (the drone, aircraft, or vessel) (this location data may be derived from any suitable system, including GPS, an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), or radio triangulation methods); and the known, static location of the pilot or Ground Control Station 14 (GCS), which is typically logged into the flight controller's memory prior to takeoff. The CPU processor 28 may perform a vector calculation using these two known coordinates to establish the line-of-sight vector from the vehicle's current position to the GCS's static position. This vector defines the exact angular direction the antenna 16 must face. The CPU processor 28 may then translate this directional vector into the requisite Pitch and Yaw angle commands (theta), (phi) needed to compensate for the vehicle's attitude (roll, pitch, and yaw) and sends these commands to the servo motors 40 of the gimbal 20. This continuous, real-time calculation ensures the high-gain beam is always pointed back toward the GCS 14, maintaining an optimalAttorney Docket No. 44531-PCT6communication link 54 and providing effective mitigation against directional jamming attempts.

[0068] The Multi-Stacked AJGA (Mesh Network & Relay Configuration) system 100 may consist of a plurality of AJGA units (two or more) stacked on top of each other or mounted in close proximity on a single vehicle, vessel, or node. The multi-node AJGA system 100 may provide for expanded Capacity (more than 2) that utilize more than two stacked AJGA units. This allows a single relay node to maintain a "look back" link to a base station 14 while simultaneously controlling multiple distinct downstream devices 102 (e.g., a swarm of drones or multiple ground vehicles) or maintaining links with multiple lateral relay nodes 102. This multi -configuration allows the host vehicle 12 to serve as a dynamic node in a mesh network. It can simultaneously receive data from one source and transmit control signals to multiple other devices, effectively bridging gaps in the network. In addition, a critical feature of the Multi-Stacked system 100 may be the ability to provide node jumping from node to node. If the direct line of sight to a base station 14 is blocked (e.g., by terrain) or jammed, the system 100 may scan for and aligns with the nearest available friendly node. The use of multiple stacked antennae allows for dedicated channels; for example, Antenna A maintains the uplink to Command, Antenna B controls a first UAS, and Antenna C controls a second UAS.

[0069] Both AJGA systems 10 and 100 may integrate artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI / ML) to optimize connectivity. Dynamic path selection may be provided, where the AI / ML identifies and prioritizes which node to "jump" to. For example, in a mountainous area, the computer may determine that transmitting to a high-altitude node is preferable to a valley node to ensure the signal crosses a ridge. Predictive alignment may be provided where the system learns flight paths and historical performance data to anticipate where the next best node will be, ensuring seamless handoffs during node jumping.

[0070] While the Anti- Jam Gimbal Antenna Systems 10 and 100 may be primarily described for use on Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS), the fundamental principles of realtime directional alignment and communication enhancement are equally applicable across a variety of mobile platforms. The system's utility may extend to, but is clearly not limited thereto, three principal alternative embodiments: manned vehicles, unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs, and unmanned Surface Vessels (USVs) and Maritime Vessels. For manned Vehicles, AJGA systems 10 and 100 may be adapted for use on manned aircraft, manned maritime vessels, or manned ground vehicles that require extended radio communications range or enhanced signal resilience against interference. In this configuration, the GimbalAttorney Docket No. 44531-PCT6Antenna System may function as an auto-tracking, high-gain communications directional link, aiming back toward a fixed relay or ground station to dramatically increase the effective radiated power (ERP) and improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) over standard omnidirectional antennas. For integration into Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs), AJGA systems 10 and 100 may be mounted atop the vehicle and may operate identically to the described airborne embodiment. The GCS location is treated as the target, and the UGVs location and orientation data (derived from GPS / IMU) are used to continuously compute the vector for the antenna's Pitch and Yaw alignment, thus maintaining a stable link even when the UGV is maneuvering through obstructed or complex terrain. For Unmanned Surface Vessels (USVs) and Maritime Vessels, the hardware necessitates specific environmental ruggedization. The entire directional antenna 16 and gimbal mechanism 20 must be enclosed within an RF -transparent radome. This protective housing must be constructed from corrosion -resistant, high-strength material (e.g., fiberglass or composite resin) and must achieve a minimum rating of IP67 to protect the internal components from high humidity, salt spray, and direct exposure to water. This embodiment excludes usage on Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUVs) due to the significant signal attenuation experienced by radio frequency (RF) transmissions in water.

[0071] In another alternative embodiment, node jumping logic for mesh networks may be included. In this alternative embodiment, the Anti-Jam Gimbal Antenna (AJGA) System 10 or 100 can be deployed as part of a cooperative mesh network utilizing node jumping logic to drastically extend communications range and improve link reliability. This use case may require the installation of two separate AJGA systems on a single vehicle or vessel, allowing it to function as a point-to-point relay node. When two AJGA systems are utilized, the vehicle may act as a repeater: System A (Forward Link) - Automatically tracks and maintains communication with the lead vehicle or command station further downrange; System B (Backhaul Link) - Automatically tracks and maintains communication with the pilot or original Ground Control Station (GCS). This configuration establishes an automatically selfaligning, long-distance communication backbone, substantially increasing the operational distance of the entire system without degradation of signal quality.

[0072] For mesh network optimization (software solution), a simple software solution may run in parallel to the vector calculation program to enable intelligent node selection in a mesh radio environment. This logic employs a continuous decision tree based on communication link quality. The software may continuously monitor the link quality of the currently active connection (either the original GCS or a relay node) by measuring theAttorney Docket No. 44531-PCT6Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value. The system may also passively or actively scan a predetermined list of available candidate nodes within the mesh network's operational area. The software may also calculate whether any new node candidate offers a "better" link quality than active node. A candidate node is determined to be superior if its measured RSSI value exceeds the RSSI of the active node by a predetermined threshold (e.g., 3dB or 5dB) to ensure the switch is warranted by a meaningful improvement in link quality. If a new relay node is selected, the CPU processor 28 may immediately direct the AJGA system 10 to cease aiming at the original GCS and, instead, compute a new Look-Back Vector to orient the antenna toward the new Relay Node. Once the new orientation is locked, a seamless handoff is executed, and the system may continue operation using the stronger relay link, thereby ensuring maximal signal reliability and throughput throughout the mission.

[0073] Advantages of the disclosed AJGA systems 10 and 100 may include, but are not limited to: extended range and video quality, where the directional focus provides a significantly increased distance for telemetry and reduces data packet loss, ensuring high- quality video transmission even at range; near-total jamming immunity, where the system is nearly un-jammable (the interference source is effective only if it is geometrically positioned directly on the vector between the two communicating antennae); scalable control, where the ability to stack more than two antennae allows a single platform to act as a "mother ship" or central hub for multiple assets; mesh resilience, where the Multi-Stacked AJGA system 100 may allow for the creation of a mesh network using inexpensive technologies, offering a low-cost alternative to satellite systems; and / or obstacle avoidance, where the ability to jump nodes allows the system to route communications around topographical obstacles (mountains / valleys) that would block line-of-sight signals.

[0074] Referring now specifically to FIGS. 8 and 9, the mathematical feasibility and physics-based principles of AJGA systems 10 and 100 is shown. To demonstrate that the systems are scientifically grounded and capable of achieving the claimed advantages (antijamming, extended range, and precise pointing), the following mathematical principles are applied: the Friis Transmission Equation and Directional Gain (Proving Extended Range).

[0075] Referring specifically to FIG. 8, the increase in distance and signal reliability is supported by the Friis Transmission Equation. By replacing an omnidirectional antenna (Gain~l) with a directional Yagi antenna (Gain>l), the received power (Pr) increases proportionally:Attorney Docket No. 44531-PCT6Pr — Pt + Gt + Gr + 201oglO ( / 4TT / )Where: Pr= Received Power (dBm); Pt = Transmitted Power (dBm); Gt = Gain of the Transmitting Antenna (dBi) (Significantly increased); Gr= Gain of the Receiving Antenna (dBi) (Significantly increased); 1 = Wavelength (m); and d= Distance (m). Because the Yagi antenna 26 may concentrates energy into a 20-40 degree cone, Gt and Grare substantially higher than omnidirectional dipoles, mathematically proving the extended range capability,

[0076] Referring specifically to FIG. 9, signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) is shown to prove jamming resistance. The disclosed AJGA system 10 and 100 may provide a resistance to jamming that is mathematically defined by the improvement in the Signal -to-Interference Ratio:SIR P signal / P jammingWith AJGA systems 10 and 100, the directional antenna 16 may create a spatial filtering effect. If the jamming source is outside the 20-40 degree beamwidth:P jamming (effective) P jamming (source) ~ ^sidelobeWhere: Asidelobe represents the attenuation (rejection) of signals arriving off-axis (typically 15-25 dB rejection). This equation demonstrates that unless the jammer is geometrically aligned within the main lobe (the "cone of emissions"), the effective jamming power is mathematically reduced by orders of magnitude, validating the "nearly un-jammable" feature of the disclosed AJGA systems 10 and 100.

[0077] A calculation may also be used to obtain the pointing vector 32 (to prove " Look Back" Capability). To maintain the link, the system must calculate the required Azimuth (ri)and Elevation (^) angles relative to the vehicle's body frame. This is a transformation of coordinate systems. The givens are: vehicle position of Pv= (xv, yv, zv); base station position of Pi = (xb, }’b, zb),' relative vector of A = P - Pv= (Ax, Ay, Az). The required earth-frame Azimuth (y / )is: y / = atan2(Ay, Ax). The required Earth-frame elevation (^) is: = atan2(Az, (AX2+ A )). These Earth-frame angles are then transformed into the Body-frame of theAttorney Docket No. 44531-PCT6vehicle using a Rotation Matrix (Rz,^) derived from the IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) data (Yaw, Pitch, Roll):\'body= l body1X RThe gimbal controllers 34 then drive the motors 40 to align the antenna 16 with vector Nbody. This mathematical transformation proves the feasibility of maintaining a lock on the base station 14 regardless of vehicle maneuvering.

[0078] Referring now specifically to FIG. 10, the instant disclosure embraces method 200 for maintaining secure communication between mobile vehicle 12 and remote base station 14 (could also include downstream device or relay node 102). Method 200 for maintaining secure communication between mobile vehicle 12 and remote base station 14 may include utilizing the disclosed anti -jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system 10 (or multi-node AJGA system 100) in any of the embodiments and / or combinations of embodiments shown and / or described herein. As such, method 200 for maintaining secure communication between mobile vehicle 12 and remote base station 14 may generally include step 202 of providing the disclosed anti -jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system 10 (or multi-node AJGA system 100) in any of the embodiments and / or combinations of embodiments shown and / or described herein, including, but not limited to, providing anti -jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system 10 for ensuring connectivity between mobile vehicle 12 and remote base station 14 comprising: directional antenna 16 that emits focused cone of emissions 18; and gimbal mounting assembly 20 for directional antenna 16 that mounts directional antenna 16 to mobile vehicle 12 while allowing rotation of directional antenna 16 about mobile vehicle 12 on multiple axis 22. With the provided anti -jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system 10, method 200 for maintaining secure communication between mobile vehicle 12 and remote base station 14 may further include: step 204 of continuously determining a geolocation of mobile vehicle 12; step 206 of continuously determining a geolocation of remote base station 14; step 208 of continuously calculating pointing vector 32 between mobile vehicle 12 and remote base station 14; step 210 of transforming pointing vector 32 into a body-frame coordinate system based on an orientation of mobile vehicle 12; step 212 of controlling positioning controller 34 of gimbal mounting assembly 20 to align directional antenna 16 with pointing vector 32; and step 214 of transmitting data from directional antenna 16 to remote base station 14 via focused cone of emissions 18, including, but not limited to, a possibly preferred embodiment ranging between 20 degrees to 40 degrees to reject off-axis interference. In selectAttorney Docket No. 44531-PCT6embodiments of method 200 for maintaining secure communication between mobile vehicle 12 and remote base station 14, wherein anti-jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system 10 further comprising an artificial intelligence model, method 200 for maintaining secure communication between mobile vehicle 12 and remote base station 14 may further include: step 216 of predicting the future trajectory of mobile vehicle 12 via the artificial intelligence model; and step 218 of preemptively adjusting pointing vector 32 based on the predicted future trajectory of mobile vehicle 12 to maintain link stability between mobile vehicle 12 and the remote base station 14.

[0079] In sum, AJGA system 10 and its method 200 of use thereof may be designed to provide a high-gain directional antenna system mounted on multi -axis gimbals that utilize geolocation and inertial tracking to maintain continuous communication links in environments with high radio frequency (RF) interference or jamming. Although mainly described herein as primarily designed for operations in contested electronic warfare (EW) environments encountered during modern warfare, this system may also have many civilian applications. A communication system 10 and method 200 of use thereof are disclosed featuring two primary configurations for overcoming radio frequency jamming. System 10 utilizes directional antennae (e.g., Yagi) mounted on multi -axis gimbals, steered via GPS and dead-reckoning to maintain a focused 20-40 degree beamwidth on a target (like remote base station 14). System 10 provides increased telemetry distance, reduced video packet loss, and a nearly un-jammable connection effective unless the jammer is geometrically interposed between the directional antenna and receiver. A single AJGA system 10 embodiment maintains a dedicated look-back link for drones or marine vessels. A Multi-Stacked AJGA system 10 or multi-node AJGA system 100 embodiment utilizes two or more gimbal units on a single node to enable mesh networking, multi-device control, and Al-driven "node jumping" to route signals around obstacles and jamming.* * *

[0080] In the specification and / or figures, typical embodiments of the disclosure have been disclosed. The present disclosure is not limited to such exemplary embodiments. The use of the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. The figures are schematic representations and so are not necessarily drawn to scale. Unless otherwise noted, specific terms have been used in a generic and descriptive sense and not for purposes of limitation.Attorney Docket No. 44531-PCT6

[0081] The foregoing description and drawings comprise illustrative embodiments.Having thus described exemplary embodiments, it should be noted by those skilled in the art that the within disclosures are exemplary only, and that various other alternatives, adaptations, and modifications may be made within the scope of the present disclosure. Merely listing or numbering the steps of a method in a certain order does not constitute any limitation on the order of the steps of that method. Many modifications and other embodiments will come to mind to one skilled in the art to which this disclosure pertains having the benefit of the teachings presented in the foregoing descriptions and the associated drawings. Although specific terms may be employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation. Accordingly, the present disclosure is not limited to the specific embodiments illustrated herein but is limited only by the following claims.

Claims

Attorney Docket No. 44531-PCT6Claims:

1. An anti -jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system for ensuring connectivity between a mobile vehicle and a remote base station comprising:a directional antenna, the directional antenna emits a focused cone of emissions;a gimbal mounting assembly for the directional antenna, the gimbal mounting assembly mounts the directional antenna to the mobile vehicle while allowing rotation of said directional antenna about the mobile vehicle on multiple axis; andwherein, the anti -jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system is configured to continuously align the directional antenna mounted on the mobile vehicle with the remote base station.

2. The anti-jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system of claim 1, wherein the directional antenna emits the focused cone of emissions ranging from 20 degrees to 40 degrees.

3. The anti-jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system of claim 2, wherein the directional antenna includes a Yagi-Uda antenna array.

4. The anti-jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system of claim 1 further comprising:a processor configured to continuously receive geological data of the mobile vehicle and the remote base station and continuously calculate a pointing vector configured to continuously align the directional antenna mounted on the mobile vehicle with the remote base station;a positioning controller in communication with the processor, the positioning controller is configured to continuously receive the pointing vector from the processor and manipulate the gimbal mounting assembly to continuously align the directional antenna mounted on the mobile vehicle with the remote base station; andAttorney Docket No. 44531-PCT6a housing enclosure configured to house the directional antenna, the housing enclosure is designed for aerodynamic and environmental protection of the directional antenna.

5. The anti-jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system of claim 4, wherein the gimbal mounting assembly including:a series of mechanical gears driven by servo motors to precisely orient the directional antenna, wherein the servo motors including:a first servo motor controlling a yaw axis rotation;a second servo motor controlling a pitch axis rotation; and the first servo motor and the second servo motor are controlled by motor driver circuitry connected to the processor.

6. The anti-jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system of claim 1 further comprising a cable management system, the cable management system including:slip rings configured to provide continuous electrical connection across 360 degrees of rotation in a horizontal axis; ora cable loop system in communication with the processor, where a processor is configured to actively track a total angular displacement of the gimbal mounting assembly and prevent accumulation of more than one full 360 degree twist in a cable, wherein, if a required orientation of the directional antenna necessitates exceeding this limit, the processor is configured to command the gimbal mounting assembly to rapidly execute a reverse 360 degree or 180 degree correction turn to instantly unwind the cable and achieve the required orientation.

7. The anti-jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system of claim 1 configured to minimize signal interference by geometrically isolating a communication link between the directional antenna mounted on the mobile vehicle and the remote base station such that jamming is effective only when an interference source is interposed directly between the directional antenna and the remote base station.

8. The anti-jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system of claim 1, wherein:Attorney Docket No. 44531-PCT6the mobile vehicle is selected from a group consisting of: an unmanned aircraft system (UAS); and unmanned ground vehicle (UGV); and an unmanned surface vessel (USV); orthe directional antenna is a directional acoustic transducer or a directional optical transceiver configured to transmit data through a water medium, the mobile vehicle is an unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV), and the anti -jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system is configured for use with the unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV).

9. The anti-jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system of claim 1 being configured to enhance radio frequency (RF) communication in unmanned aerial systems (UAS) and other mobile platforms, wherein the directional antenna mounted on an actively controlled two-axis gimbal mounting assembly, which is precisely oriented by an onboard processor using real-time positional data of the mobile vehicle and the remote base stationwherein, the anti -jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system is configured to provide:enhanced range and signal throughput by maximizing effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) without increasing transmitter wattage;robust mitigation against malicious radio jamming and ambient electromagnetic interference (EMI) by utilizing inherent nulls of the directional antenna when aiming away from noise sources;lower the probability of signal intercept (LPI) by concentrating the transmitted energy into a narrow beam, thereby increasing the operational security of the mobile vehicle; or a combination thereof.

10. The anti-jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system of claim 1 being configured to provide:an enhanced range and radio signal throughput, wherein a high-gain, narrow-beam of the directional antenna focuses radio energy toward the remote base station, resulting in an increase in effectiveAttorney Docket No. 44531-PCT6isotropic radiated power (EIRP), thereby allowing for the enhanced range and radio signal throughput with no corresponding increase in radio transmitter wattage, conserving power and reducing a thermal signature of the anti -jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system;a mitigation of electromagnetic interference and jamming, wherein the directional antenna inherently provides a substantial reduction in gain outside of its main beam or a main lobe, wherein, at angles ranging from approximately 60° to 90° off a center axis of the main lobe, the directional antenna exhibits a deep null in its propagation profile, whereby when the main lobe is aimed away from a source of malicious radio jamming or strong ambient electromagnetic interference (EMI), reduced side-lobe gain of the directional antenna lessens the effects of the received noise, thereby enhancing a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for a desired signal;a reduced probability of intercept (LPI), wherein by concentrating a radio frequency (RF) energy into a narrow beam precisely aimed at a target receiver at the remote base station, the anti -jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system reduces a signal signature in all other directions, whereby a probability of intercept (LPI) by malicious or enemy signals intelligence (SIGINT) devices attempting to triangulate a source of a radio transmission is lowered, thereby increasing operational security; ora combination thereof.

11. A multi-node anti -jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system for ensuring connectivity between a mobile vehicle, a remote base station, and a downstream device or relay node, the multi-node anti -jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system comprising:a first directional antenna, the first directional antenna emits a first focused cone of emissions;a second directional antenna, the second directional antenna emits a second focused cone of emissions;a first gimbal mounting assembly for the first directional antenna, the first gimbal mounting assembly mounts the first directional antenna toAttorney Docket No. 44531-PCT6the mobile vehicle while allowing rotation of said first directional antenna about the mobile vehicle on first multiple axis;a second gimbal mounting assembly for the second directional antenna, the second gimbal mounting assembly mounts the second directional antenna to the mobile vehicle while allowing rotation of said second directional antenna about the mobile vehicle on second multiple axis; andwherein, the multi-node anti -jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system is configured to continuously align the first directional antenna mounted on the mobile vehicle with the remote base station and align the second directional antenna with the downstream device or the relay node.

12. The multi-node anti-jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system of claim 11, wherein:the first directional antenna emits the first focused cone of emissions ranging from 20 to 40 degrees; andthe second directional antenna emits the second focused cone of emissions ranging from 20 degrees to 40 degrees.

13. The multi-node anti-jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system of claim 12, wherein the first directional antenna and the second directional antenna include a Yagi-Uda antenna array.

14. The multi-node anti-jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system of claim 11 further comprising:a processor configured to:continuously receive geological data of the mobile vehicle and the remote base station, and continuously calculate a first pointing vector configured to continuously align the first directional antenna mounted on the mobile vehicle with the remote base station; andcontinuously receive geological data of the mobile vehicle and the downstream device or the relay node, and continuouslyAttorney Docket No. 44531-PCT6calculate a second pointing vector configured to continuously align the second directional antenna mounted on the mobile vehicle with the downstream device or the relay node;a first positioning controller in communication with the processor, the first positioning controller is configured to continuously receive the first pointing vector from the processor and manipulate the first gimbal mounting assembly to continuously align the first directional antenna mounted on the mobile vehicle with the remote base station;a second positioning controller in communication with the processor, the second positioning controller is configured to continuously receive the second pointing vector from the processor and manipulate the second gimbal mounting assembly to continuously align the second directional antenna mounted on the mobile vehicle with the downstream device or the relay node;a first housing enclosure configured to house the first directional antenna, the first housing enclosure is designed for aerodynamic and environmental protection of the first directional antenna; and a second housing enclosure configured to house the second directional antenna, the second housing enclosure is designed for aerodynamic and environmental protection of the second directional antenna.

15. The multi-node anti -jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system of claim 11 configured to:minimize a first signal interference by geometrically isolating a first communication link between the first directional antenna mounted on the mobile vehicle and the remote base station such that jamming is effective only when a first interference source is interposed directly between the first directional antenna and the remote base station; andminimize a second signal interference by geometrically isolating a second communication link between the second directional antenna mounted on the mobile vehicle and the downstream device or theAttorney Docket No. 44531-PCT6relay node, such that jamming is effective only when a second interference source is interposed directly between the second directional antenna and the downstream device or the relay node.

16. The multi-node anti -jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system of claim 11 further comprising a node-jumping module utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) logic.

17. The multi-node anti -jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system of claim 16, wherein the node-jumping module is configured to:monitor signal integrity and topographical data to identify terrain obstacles or jamming sources;identify an optimal relay node from a plurality of available nodes; and automatically realign at least one of the directional antennas to establish a link with said optimal relay node, thereby bypassing the terrain obstacles or the jamming sources.

18. The multi-node anti-jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system of claim 11 comprising a multi-stacked AJGA unit including at least the first directional antenna and the second directional antenna mounted on independent gimbals including at least the first gimbal mounting assembly and the second gimbal mounting assembly to enable relay, mesh capabilities and multi-device control.

19. A method for maintaining secure communication between a mobile vehicle and a remote base station comprising:providing an anti -jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system for ensuring connectivity between the mobile vehicle and the remote base station comprising:a directional antenna, the directional antenna emits a focused cone of emissions;a gimbal mounting assembly for the directional antenna, the gimbal mounting assembly mounts the directional antenna to the mobile vehicle while allowing rotation of said directional antenna about the mobile vehicle on multiple axis;Attorney Docket No. 44531-PCT6continuously determining a geolocation of the mobile vehicle; continuously determining a geolocation of the remote base station; continuously calculating a pointing vector between the mobile vehicle and the remote base station;transforming the pointing vector into a body -frame coordinate system based on an orientation of the mobile vehicle;controlling a positioning controller of the gimbal mounting assembly to align the directional antenna with said pointing vector; and transmitting data from the directional antenna to the remote base station via the focused cone of emissions ranging between 20 degrees to 40 degrees to reject off-axis interference.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein the anti -jam gimbal antenna (AJGA) system further comprising an artificial intelligence model, where the method further comprising:predicting a future trajectory of the mobile vehicle via the artificial intelligence model; andpreemptively adjusting the pointing vector based on the predicted future trajectory of the mobile vehicle to maintain link stability between the mobile vehicle and the remote base station.

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